WO2025002872A1 - Element electrochimique avec additifs dans l'electrolyte et electrode a base de phosphate lithie - Google Patents
Element electrochimique avec additifs dans l'electrolyte et electrode a base de phosphate lithie Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025002872A1 WO2025002872A1 PCT/EP2024/066747 EP2024066747W WO2025002872A1 WO 2025002872 A1 WO2025002872 A1 WO 2025002872A1 EP 2024066747 W EP2024066747 W EP 2024066747W WO 2025002872 A1 WO2025002872 A1 WO 2025002872A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of energy storage and lithium batteries in particular. More specifically, the present application relates to electrochemical elements comprising a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type and usable over a wide temperature range, typically ranging from -15°C to 85°C.
- the invention is particularly useful in the field of rechargeable electrochemical elements of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) type.
- Rechargeable electrochemical cells of the lithium-ion type are known from the state of the art. Due to their high mass and volume energy density, they constitute a promising source of electrical energy. They comprise at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode, separated by an electrolyte layer.
- the electrodes consist of a metal current collector on which is coated a composition of active material and additives such as binder(s), dispersant(s), conductive element(s), etc.
- the electrodes are prepared from an ink comprising the composition, generally formulated in an organic solvent medium, coated on a current collector, from which the solvent is evaporated, before calendering so as to adjust the thickness of the ink layer on the collector.
- Lithium manganese-iron phosphates of the formula Li x Mni.y.zFe y MzPO4 (LMFP) with 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6 are known for their use as cathode active material of lithium-ion cells. These phosphates contain manganese, iron and one or more substituent elements symbolized by the symbol M. These compounds are known to offer superior safety of use due to the fact that lithium transition metal phosphates are stable at high temperatures.
- LMFP Li x Mni.y.zFe y MzPO4
- the mixture of a lithium phosphate with a lithium nickel oxide has been proposed.
- the nickel of the lithium oxide can be associated with manganese, cobalt, and possibly one or more chemical elements (NMC type oxide), or can be associated with cobalt, aluminum and possibly one or more chemical elements (NCA type oxide).
- NMC type oxide manganese, cobalt, and possibly one or more chemical elements
- NCA type oxide cobalt, aluminum and possibly one or more chemical elements
- the mixture of a lithium phosphate and a lithium nickel oxide allows a good compromise between energy and safety.
- positive electrodes based on active material consisting of lithium manganese and iron phosphate compounds (LMFP), alone or mixed with lithium nickel oxides such as NMC and/or NCA have been described.
- positive electrodes are typically used at operating temperatures close to room temperature, typically 25°C, where they are perfectly functional. However, we are seeking to improve their use at low and/or high temperatures. Indeed, at low temperatures (i.e. at negative operating temperatures typically down to -15°C), we are seeking to improve their dischargeability and their ability to be used for applications requiring high powers. Furthermore, at high temperatures typically up to 85°C, we are seeking to improve their lifetime and capacity retention.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN Hexanetricarbonitrile
- none of these documents specifically address electrochemical elements based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type.
- none of these documents seeks to broaden the temperature ranges of use of electrochemical elements based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type.
- electrochemical elements based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type, usable over wide temperature ranges.
- electrochemical elements comprising a positive electrode whose active material is of the lithium phosphate type and which are usable both at low temperatures, typically down to -15°C, and at high temperatures, typically up to 85°C.
- One aim of the invention is then to propose electrochemical elements, based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type, whose operating temperature range is significantly widened.
- the widening of the range of operating temperatures of an electrochemical element involves in particular an improvement in its dischargeability at low temperatures. temperature, typically down to -15°C, and/or by an extension of its service life, particularly at operating temperatures of up to 85°C.
- An aim of the invention is then to propose electrochemical elements, based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type, exhibiting improved dischargeability at low temperature, typically at temperatures ranging from -15°C to 25°C.
- Another aim of the invention is to provide electrochemical elements, based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type, having an extended life both at room temperature and at high temperature, typically at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 85°C.
- a particular aim of the invention is to propose electrochemical elements, based on a positive active material of the lithium phosphate type, exhibiting both i) improved dischargeability at low temperature and ii) an extended lifetime at room temperature and at high temperature.
- the invention firstly relates to an electrochemical element comprising:
- At least one positive electrode comprising, as positive active material, at least one lithium phosphate compound of formula Li x Mni. yz Fe y MzPO4 with 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0 ⁇ 1-y-z ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6; and M selected from the group consisting of: B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, S, K, Pb and mixtures thereof;
- At least one electrolyte comprising at least one additive chosen from: tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP), hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) and any of their mixtures.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- the hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) additive included in the electrolyte is 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- the electrochemical element comprising:
- At least one positive electrode comprising, as positive active material, at least one lithium phosphate compound of formula Li x Mni. yz Fe y MzPO4 with 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0.5 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2; and M selected from the group consisting of: B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, S, K, Pb and mixtures thereof;
- the positive electrode comprises one or more additional lithium compounds selected from: i) lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC) oxide type compounds of formula Li w (Ni x MnyCo z M t )02 with 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x;0 ⁇ y;0 ⁇ z;0 ⁇ t; and M selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, S, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof, ii) lithium nickel, cobalt and aluminum (NCA) oxide type compounds of formula Li w (NixCo y Al z Mt)02 with 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇
- the positive electrode comprises one or more additional lithium compounds selected from: i) lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC) oxide type compounds of formula Li w (Ni x MnyCo z M t )02 with 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ t ⁇ 1.1; and M selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, S, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof, ii) lithium nickel, cobalt and aluminum (NCA) oxide type compounds of formula Li w (Ni x C0yAl z M t )O2 with 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1,1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1,1;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1,1;0 ⁇ t ⁇ 1,1; and M selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Si,
- the tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP) content is from 0% to 2% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by mass, more preferably from 0.7% to 1.2% by mass.
- the content of hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) is from 0% to 5% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, preferably from 0.5% to 2% by mass, more preferably from 0.7% to 1.2% by mass.
- the electrolyte further comprises at least one lithium salt chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPFe, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSO2)2N (LiFSI) and mixtures thereof.
- said at least one lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 , optionally mixed with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSO2)2N (LiFSI).
- said at least one lithium salt is lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSO2)2N (LiFSI), and said additive is hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN), alone or in a mixture with tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP).
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- the electrolyte comprises both tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP) and hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- the electrolyte comprises at least one organic solvent comprising: at least one cyclic carbonate, preferably chosen from ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and any of their mixtures, and - at least one linear carbonate, preferably chosen from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and any of their mixtures.
- at least one cyclic carbonate preferably chosen from ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and any of their mixtures
- - at least one linear carbonate preferably chosen from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and any of their mixtures.
- the electrolyte further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: vinylene carbonate (VC), ethylene sulfate (ESA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium difluorophosphate UPO2F2 and any of their mixtures.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- ESA ethylene sulfate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- UPO2F2 lithium difluorophosphate
- the electrolyte comprises:
- ESA ethylene sulfate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical module comprising a stack of at least two electrochemical elements as defined above and described in detail below, each electrochemical element being electrically connected with one or more other electrochemical element(s).
- the invention further relates to the use of an electrochemical element or an electrochemical module as defined above and described in detail below, in storage, charging or discharging at a temperature ranging from -15°C to 85°C.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- the invention firstly relates to an electrochemical element comprising:
- At least one positive electrode comprising, as positive active material, at least one lithium phosphate compound of formula Li x Mni.y. z FeyMzPO4 with 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2; 0 ⁇ 1- yz ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6; and M selected from the group consisting of: B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, S, K, Pb and mixtures thereof;
- At least one electrolyte comprising at least one additive chosen from: tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP), hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) and any of their mixtures.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- Electrodes are typically made up of a metal current collector on which is coated a composition of active material(s) and additive(s) such as binder(s), dispersant(s), conductive element(s), etc.
- the active material composition is coated on the current collector.
- the coated current collector can therefore be covered on one or each of its faces by said composition of active materials.
- active material composition means the composition comprising all the compounds, including the electrochemically active materials, which cover the current collector on at least one of its faces.
- this composition comprises, in addition to the electrochemically active materials, electronically conductive materials, and possible additives, such as binders, etc.
- the current collector of the positive and/or negative electrodes is generally in the form of a solid or perforated metal strip.
- the strip can be made from different materials. Examples include copper or copper alloys, aluminum or aluminum alloys, nickel or nickel alloys, steel and stainless steel.
- the current collector of the positive electrode is generally a foil made of aluminum or an alloy comprising predominantly aluminum.
- the current collector of the negative electrode is generally a foil made of copper or an alloy comprising predominantly copper.
- the thickness of the foil of the positive electrode may be different from that of the foil of the negative electrode.
- the foil of the positive or negative electrode typically has a thickness of 6 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the aluminum collector of the positive electrode is covered with a conductive coating, such as for example carbon black, graphite and their mixtures.
- the positive electrode comprises, as positive active material, at least one lithium phosphate compound of formula Li x Mni. yz Fe y MzPO4 with 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0 ⁇ 1-y-z ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.6; and M selected from the group consisting of: B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, S, K, Pb and mixtures thereof.
- said at least one lithium phosphate compound is lithium iron phosphate LiFePCU (LFP).
- said at least one lithium phosphate compound is chosen from lithium manganese phosphate compounds in which 1 >1 -y-z> 0.5; 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5; 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2.
- said at least one lithium phosphate compound is chosen from lithium manganese and iron phosphate (LMFP) compounds corresponding to the formula Li x Mni. yz Fe y MzPO4 in which:
- LMFP lithium manganese and iron phosphate
- M is selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, S, K, Pb and mixtures thereof,
- the lithium phosphate compound(s), in particular the lithium manganese iron phosphate compound(s) (LMFP), may be coated with a layer carbon and/or carbon nanotubes, in particular in order to increase their electronic conductivity and/or their ionic diffusivity.
- the entire positive active material consists of lithium phosphate type compounds.
- the positive electrode comprises, in addition to the lithium phosphate compound(s), at least one additional lithium compound selected from the following groups: a) lithium nickel oxide compounds, b) compounds of formula Lii +x Mi- x O2- y F y of cubic structure where M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Bi, La, Pr, Eu, Nd, Sm and mixtures thereof; where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1; c) mixtures of compounds a) and b).
- M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag,
- the lithium nickel oxide type compounds are preferentially chosen from nickel-rich lithium nickel oxides, preferably comprising more than 60% (based on the atomic ratio) of nickel.
- NMC lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt oxide
- NMC lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt oxide
- NMC lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt oxide
- NMC lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt oxide
- M selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, S, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof
- NCA lithium nickel, cobalt and aluminium oxide
- NCA lithium nickel, cobalt and aluminium oxide
- Nickel-rich NMC compounds have the formula:
- M being at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof.
- nickel-rich NMC type compounds have the formula:
- M being at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof.
- M may be selected in particular from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg and mixtures thereof.
- M is Al and t ⁇ 0.05.
- the majority transition element is preferably nickel, preferably x>0.6.
- a high amount of nickel in the lithium nickel oxide is preferable because it provides high energy to the lithium nickel oxide.
- NMC manganese and cobalt
- Nickel-rich lithium nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA) oxide compounds have the formula:
- M being at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, Sr, Ce, Ga, Ta, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof.
- nickel-rich lithium nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA) oxide compounds have the formula:
- M being at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, Sr, Ce, Ga, Ta, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof.
- M may be selected from the group consisting of B, Mg and mixtures thereof.
- examples include: LiNi 0.8Coo ,i5Al 0.0502 .
- the lithium phosphate compound(s), in particular the lithium manganese iron phosphate (LMFP) compound(s), represent(s) at least 30% by mass of the positive active material of the electrode, more preferably at least 50% by mass, even more preferably at least 70% by mass, advantageously at least 80% by mass, relative to the total mass of the positive active material.
- LMFP lithium manganese iron phosphate
- the positive active material comprises, preferably consists of:
- lithium phosphate compound(s) in particular lithium manganese and iron phosphate compound(s) (LMFP), and
- NMC compounds preferably chosen from NMC compounds, NCA compounds, NMX compounds and their mixtures, more preferably chosen from NMC compounds.
- the positive active material comprises, preferably consists of:
- lithium phosphate compound(s) in particular lithium manganese and iron phosphate compound(s) (LMFP), and
- additional active compound preferably chosen from NMC compounds, NCA compounds, NMX compounds and their mixtures, more preferably chosen from NMC compounds.
- the negative electrode may be of any known type.
- the anode typically consists of a conductive support used as a current collector on which the anodic active material and a carbon electronic material are deposited.
- a binder may also be incorporated into the mixture.
- the anodic active material is not particularly limited. It can be selected from the following groups and their mixtures: - Metallic lithium or a metallic lithium alloy
- M and M’ each represent at least one element selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Bi, La, Pr, Eu, Nd and Sm;
- X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, F, Cl and Br.
- the d index represents an oxygen vacancy.
- the d index can be less than or equal to 0.5.
- Said at least one titanium and niobium oxide may be chosen from TiNb2O?, Ti2Nb2O?, Ti2Nb2O9 and Ti2Nb O29.
- the lithiated titanium oxide is selected from the following oxides: i) Lix-aMaTiy.bM'bO 4 -c-dXc in which 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 3;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.5;0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ c ⁇ 2 and - 2.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 2.5; M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Mn, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Ag, Pr, Y and La;
- M’ represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of B, Mo, Mn, Ce, Sn, Zr, Si, W, V, Ta, Sb, Nb, Ru, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Al, Cr, La, Pr, Bi, Sc, Eu, Sm, Gd, Ti, Ce, Y and Eu;
- X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of S, F, Cl and Br;
- the subscript d represents an oxygen vacancy.
- the subscript d may be less than or equal to 0.5. ii) H x TiyO4 in which 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2, and iii) a mixture of compounds i) to ii).
- lithiated titanium oxides belonging to group i) are spinel Li 4 Ti 5 0i2, Li 2 TiOs, ramsdellite Li 2 Ti 3 O7, LiTi 2 O4, Li x Ti 2 O4, with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2 and Li 2 Na2Ti 6 0i4.
- a preferred LTO compound has the formula Li4- a MaTi5-bM'bO4, for example Li 4 Ti 5 0i2 which is also written Li4/3Tis/3O4.
- the anodic active material is graphite.
- the positive and/or negative active materials of the electrochemical element are generally mixed with one or more binders, the function of which is to bind the particles of active material together as well as to bind them to the current collector on which they are deposited.
- the binder may be selected from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), styrene butadiene copolymer (SBR), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyamideimide (PAI), polyimide (PI), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and a mixture thereof.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene butadiene copolymer
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PAI polyamideimide
- PI polyimide
- SBR polyvinyl alcohol
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the active ingredient composition may further comprise one or more ingredients selected from electronically conductive materials, dispersants, and/or pH buffers.
- the electronically conductive material may generally be selected from graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, soot, graphene, carbon nanotubes or a mixture thereof.
- the active ingredient composition may also comprise one or more dispersants.
- Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) may thus be mentioned as a dispersant suitable for the invention.
- an electrode can be manufactured by preparing an ink comprising one or more active materials mixed with a solvent or a mixture of several solvents, with one or more binders, and optionally with one or more electronically conductive materials,
- This ink can then be coated on at least one side of a current collector.
- the ink can then be dried.
- the thickness of the composition thus coated can then be adjusted in a calendering step, by passing the electrode between two rollers exerting pressure on the surface of the electrode.
- an ink composition which can be:
- the electrolyte is typically in liquid form.
- It typically comprises at least one organic solvent in which one or more alkali metal salt(s) are dissolved and at least one additive selected from tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP), hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) and mixtures thereof.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- the electrolyte may further comprise optional additives.
- the electrolyte is in the form of a gel obtained by impregnating a polymer with a liquid mixture comprising at least one lithium salt and an organic solvent.
- the electrolyte comprises at least one organic solvent, more preferably chosen from the group consisting of cyclic or linear carbonates, cyclic or linear esters, cyclic or linear ethers and a mixture thereof.
- cyclic carbonates are ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC). Ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and a mixture thereof are particularly preferred.
- the electrolyte composition may be free of cyclic carbonates other than EC and PC.
- linear carbonates examples include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the electrolyte composition may be free of linear carbonates other than DMC and EMC.
- the cyclic or linear carbonate(s) as well as the cyclic or linear ester(s) may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms, such as fluorine.
- linear esters are ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, methyl butyrate, propyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
- cyclic esters examples include gamma-butyrolactone and gamma-valerolactone.
- linear ethers examples include dimethoxyethane and propyl ethyl ether.
- An example of a cyclic ether is tetrahydrofuran.
- the solvent is in the form of a mixture comprising:
- the electrolyte does not comprise solvent compounds other than cyclic or linear carbonates.
- the cyclic carbonate(s) may represent up to 50% by volume of the volume of the carbonates and the linear carbonate(s) may represent at least 50% by volume of the volume of the carbonates.
- the cyclic carbonate(s) represent from 10% to 40% by volume of the volume of the carbonates and the linear carbonate(s) represent from 90% to 60% of the volume of the carbonates.
- a preferred mixture of organic solvents is the mixture of EC, PC, EMC and DMC.
- EC may represent from 5% to 15% by volume of the volume of the mixture of organic solvents.
- PC may represent from 15% to 25% by volume of the volume of the mixture of organic solvents.
- EMC may represent from 20% to 30% by volume of the volume of the mixture of organic solvents.
- DMC may represent from 40% to 50% by volume of the volume of the mixture of organic solvents.
- the electrolyte comprises at least one alkali metal salt, more preferably at least one lithium salt.
- the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 , lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF 4 , lithium perchlorate LiCIC , lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsF6, lithium hexafluoroantimonate LiSbFe, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate ÜCF3SO3, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSC>2)2N (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiN(CFsSO2)2 (LiTFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonemethide LiC(CFsSO2)3 (LiTFSM), lithium bisperfluoroethylsulfonylimide LiN ⁇ FsSCL (LiBETI), lithium 4,5-dicyano-2- (trifluoromethyl) imidazolide (LiTDI), lithium bis
- said at least one lithium salt is chosen from the group consisting of: lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPFe, lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsFe, lithium hexafluoroantimonate LiSbFe, lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF 4 , lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide LiFSI and any of their mixtures.
- said at least one lithium salt is chosen from lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPFe, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSC>2)2N (LiFSI) and any of their mixtures.
- the electrolyte composition does not contain any lithium salts other than the lithium salts described above.
- the only lithium salts in the electrolyte composition are LiPFe and/or LiFSI.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 and/or lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide LiFSI represent at least 50% by mass of the lithium salts, relative to the total mass of the lithium salts present in the electrolyte, preferably at least 70% by mass, more preferably at least 80% by mass.
- Lithium difluorophosphate ÜPO2F2 dissociates very weakly in organic medium and its presence contributes negligibly to the increase in the quantity of lithium ions in the electrolyte. It will be considered in the following as an additive and not as a salt of the electrolyte.
- the total lithium ion concentration in the electrolyte composition is from 0.1 mol.L -1 to 3 mol.L -1 , preferably from 0.5 mol.L -1 to 1.5 mol.L -1 , more preferably approximately equal to 1 mol.L -1 .
- said at least one alkali metal salt in particular said at least one lithium salt, is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), taken alone or in a mixture with lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSC>2)2N (LiFSI).
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- LiFSI lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
- lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSC>2)2N LiFSI is the only lithium salt, in particular the only alkali metal salt, in the electrolyte composition.
- the electrolyte comprises, as an additive, hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN), alone or in a mixture with tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP).
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- the electrolyte comprises at least one additive chosen from: tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP), hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) and any of their mixtures.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- the electrolyte has a tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP) content of 0% to 2% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, more preferably from 0.5% to 1.5% by mass, more preferably from 0.7% to 1.2% by mass.
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- the electrolyte has a hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) content of 0% to 5% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, more preferably from 0.5% to 2% by mass, more preferably from 0.7% to 1.2% by mass.
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- said additive is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP).
- the only additive (excluding optional additives described below) present in the composition is tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP).
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- the electrolyte does not comprise hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- said additive is hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- the only additive (excluding optional additives described below) present in the composition is hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- the electrolyte does not comprise tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP).
- the electrolyte comprises both tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP) and hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- the tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP) and the hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN) are present in a mass ratio ranging from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably from 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably in a mass ratio of 1:1.
- the electrolyte may further comprise one or more optional additional additive(s).
- the electrolyte comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: vinylene carbonate (VC), ethylene sulfate (ESA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), lithium difluorophosphate ÜPO2F2, and any of their mixtures.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- ESA ethylene sulfate
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- ÜPO2F2 lithium difluorophosphate
- the electrolyte has a vinylene carbonate (VC) content ranging from 0% to 5% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, more preferably from 0.1% to 4% by mass, even more preferably from 1% to 3% by mass.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- the electrolyte has an ethylene sulfate (ESA) content ranging from 0% to 3% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, more preferably from 0.1% to 4% by mass, even more preferably from 1% to 3% by mass.
- ESA ethylene sulfate
- the electrolyte has a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) content ranging from 0% to 3% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, more preferably from 0.1% to 4% by mass, even more preferably from 1% to 3% by mass.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the electrolyte has a lithium difluorophosphate ÜPO2F2 content ranging from 0% to 2% by mass, relative to the total mass of the electrolyte, more preferably from 0.1% to 1.5% by mass, even more preferably from 0.5% to 1% by mass.
- the electrochemical element is of the lithium-ion type.
- the lithium-ion element can be manufactured in a conventional manner. At least one cathode, at least one separator and at least one anode are superimposed. The assembly can be rolled up to form a cylindrical electrochemical bundle, then inserted into a container.
- the invention is not limited to the manufacture of elements of cylindrical format.
- the format of the element can also be prismatic or pouch type.
- the electrodes can also be stacked to form a flat electrochemical bundle.
- a connection piece is fixed on an edge of the cathode not covered with active material. It is connected to a current output terminal.
- the anode may be electrically connected to the cell container.
- the cathode may be connected to the cell container and the anode to a current output terminal.
- the electrochemical bundle is impregnated with electrolyte.
- the cell is then sealed.
- the cell may also be conventionally equipped with a safety valve causing the cell container to open in the event that the internal pressure of the cell exceeds a predetermined value.
- the separator may consist of a layer of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(butylene) terephthalate (PBT), cellulose, polyimide, glass fibers or a mixture of layers of different natures.
- the polymers mentioned may be coated with a ceramic layer and/or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) or polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) or acrylates.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical module comprising the stack of at least two electrochemical elements according to the invention, each element being electrically connected with one or more other element(s), in particular via their current collectors.
- the invention also relates to a battery comprising one or more modules according to the invention.
- battery means the assembly of several modules.
- Said assemblies can be in series and/or parallel.
- the invention also relates to the use of an electrochemical element as defined above or of an electrochemical module as described below, in storage, charging or discharging at a temperature ranging from -15°C to 85°C.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the variation of the discharged capacity of the electrochemical elements E A to E E prepared in the examples, for a discharge regime at D/2 and at a temperature of -15°C.
- Figure 2 shows the capacity retention of the EF, EG and EH electrochemical cells prepared in the examples when cycling at a C/2 regime and a temperature of 60°C.
- Lithium-ion electrochemical cells E A to E K were manufactured. They all comprise a negative electrode whose active material is graphite and a positive electrode whose active material is composed of a mixture of 70% by mass of a LMFP compound and 30% by mass of LiNi 8 /ioMni/i 0 Coi/io02 (NMC).
- the separator is a PP/PE/PP three-layer separator (PP: polypropylene; PE: polyethylene).
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- the electrochemical cells are designated E x , with X denoting the electrolyte used to fill the separator of the electrochemical cell E x .
- the container of the electrochemical element EA was filled with the electrolyte composition A.
- the electrochemical elements EB to EF and EH are according to the invention.
- the electrochemical cells EA and EG are comparable in that the electrolyte does not include tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite (TMSP) or hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN).
- TMSP tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite
- HTCN hexanetricarbonitrile
- Figure 1 shows the variation of the discharged capacity of the elements E A to E E at a discharge rate D/2 and at a temperature of -15°C. It is observed that under these cycling conditions, the capacity discharged by the elements E B , E c , E D and E E according to the invention is greater than that of the comparative element E A . This illustrates the benefit in dischargeability at low temperature (step 4 of Table 2) of the electrochemical elements of the invention.
- Figure 2 shows the capacity retention of electrochemical cells E F , E G and EH during cycling at a C/2 regime and a temperature of 60°C.
- the electrochemical elements E F and EH according to the invention thus have an improved lifetime compared to the reference electrochemical element E G .
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24733203.4A EP4736245A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 | 2024-06-17 | Element electrochimique avec additifs dans l'electrolyte et electrode a base de phosphate lithie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2306957A FR3150640A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 | 2023-06-30 | Element electrochimique avec additifs dans l’electrolyte et electrode a base de phosphate lithie |
| FRFR2306957 | 2023-06-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2025002872A1 true WO2025002872A1 (fr) | 2025-01-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/066747 Ceased WO2025002872A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 | 2024-06-17 | Element electrochimique avec additifs dans l'electrolyte et electrode a base de phosphate lithie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4736245A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3150640A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025002872A1 (fr) |
Citations (10)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016184896A1 (fr) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | Saft | Electrode positive pour generateur electrochimique au lithium |
| CN111710911A (zh) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-09-25 | 湖南大学 | 一种电解液及锂离子电池 |
| CN113140797A (zh) | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-20 | 湖州师范学院 | 一种具有多腈类化合物的非水电解液及锂离子电池 |
| US20220181690A1 (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-09 | Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte additive, non-aqueous electrolyte, and lithium ion battery using same |
| CN114709482A (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-07-05 | 天津大学 | 容量补偿型电解液及含有该电解液的二次电池和应用 |
| CN114899492A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-12 | 昆明云大新能源有限公司 | 一种原位生成的电解液添加剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| WO2022203072A1 (fr) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | 旭化成株式会社 | Solution électrolytique non aqueuse et batterie secondaire non aqueuse |
| CN115440929A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-06 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 一种碳基负极及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN116130763A (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-05-16 | 湖北亿纬动力有限公司 | 一种电解液和锂离子电池 |
| WO2023108352A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et feuille d'électrode associée, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif |
-
2023
- 2023-06-30 FR FR2306957A patent/FR3150640A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-17 EP EP24733203.4A patent/EP4736245A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-06-17 WO PCT/EP2024/066747 patent/WO2025002872A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016184896A1 (fr) * | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | Saft | Electrode positive pour generateur electrochimique au lithium |
| CN111710911A (zh) * | 2020-07-04 | 2020-09-25 | 湖南大学 | 一种电解液及锂离子电池 |
| US20220181690A1 (en) | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-09 | Zhuhai Smoothway Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte additive, non-aqueous electrolyte, and lithium ion battery using same |
| WO2022203072A1 (fr) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | 旭化成株式会社 | Solution électrolytique non aqueuse et batterie secondaire non aqueuse |
| EP4318630A1 (fr) * | 2021-03-26 | 2024-02-07 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Solution électrolytique non aqueuse et batterie secondaire non aqueuse |
| CN113140797A (zh) | 2021-04-25 | 2021-07-20 | 湖州师范学院 | 一种具有多腈类化合物的非水电解液及锂离子电池 |
| CN115440929A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-06 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 一种碳基负极及其制备方法与应用 |
| WO2023108352A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et feuille d'électrode associée, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif |
| EP4224579A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-08-09 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et feuille d'électrode associée, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif |
| CN114709482A (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-07-05 | 天津大学 | 容量补偿型电解液及含有该电解液的二次电池和应用 |
| US20230223596A1 (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-07-13 | Tianjin University | Capacity-compensation electrolyte, secondary battery containing the same and application |
| CN114899492A (zh) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-12 | 昆明云大新能源有限公司 | 一种原位生成的电解液添加剂及其制备方法与应用 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4736245A1 (fr) | 2026-05-06 |
| FR3150640A1 (fr) | 2025-01-03 |
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