WO2025002805A1 - Elément électrochimique comprenant une électrode positive à base de phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer - Google Patents
Elément électrochimique comprenant une électrode positive à base de phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer Download PDFInfo
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- WO2025002805A1 WO2025002805A1 PCT/EP2024/066195 EP2024066195W WO2025002805A1 WO 2025002805 A1 WO2025002805 A1 WO 2025002805A1 EP 2024066195 W EP2024066195 W EP 2024066195W WO 2025002805 A1 WO2025002805 A1 WO 2025002805A1
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- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the technical field of the present invention is that of electrochemical elements comprising a positive electrode based on lithium manganese and iron phosphate.
- Rechargeable lithium-ion electrochemical cells are widely used as energy storage devices to power portable electronic devices such as laptops, cell phones or to power electric or hybrid vehicles.
- Electrochemical elements comprising a positive electrode whose active material is a lamellar lithium oxide and comprising a negative electrode whose active material is graphite are known from the state of the art. They have a high specific energy but they can prove unstable when subjected to an overload or overheating. This is why attempts have been made to improve their safety of use in the event of overload or overheating. For example, it has been proposed to replace part of a lithium oxide of nickel, manganese and cobalt with a lithium manganese phosphate LiMnPCL or a lithium iron phosphate LiFePCL, or with a lithium manganese and iron phosphate LiMni. x Fe x PO4 with x ⁇ 1 (LMFP).
- Figure 1a compares the specific energies of different elements 1-3 of the prior art. These differ in the composition of their positive electrode.
- the negative electrode of elements 1-3 is made of graphite.
- Element 1 comprising a positive electrode based on a lithium oxide of nickel, manganese and cobalt of formula LiNio,8Mno,iCoo,iC>2 (NMC811) has a specific energy of more than 300 Wh/kg, which is high, but this cell has insufficient safety of use in case of overheating or overload.
- Cell 2 comprising a positive electrode based on a lithium manganese and iron phosphate has a specific energy of only 240 Wh/kg and satisfactory safety of use.
- Cell 3 whose positive electrode comprises a mixture of a lithium manganese and iron phosphate and a lithium nickel manganese and cobalt oxide of formula NMC811 has satisfactory safety of use but a specific energy lower than that of cell 1.
- Figure 1b is a comparison of the volume energies of the three elements 1, 2 and 3 of the prior art. It can be seen that the volume energies of these three elements are in the same order as that of the mass energies of Figure 1a.
- the present invention provides a lithium-ion electrochemical element comprising:
- a positive electrode comprising one or more positive active materials, one of which is a lithium manganese iron phosphate of formula LixMni.y. z Fe y M z PO4 (LMFP) where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0.50 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y+z ⁇ 0.50;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2; M being one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, K, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, Pb and S,
- LMFP lithium manganese iron phosphate of formula LixMni.y. z Fe y M z PO4
- a negative electrode comprising one or more negative active materials, one of which is a composite of silicon and carbon,
- an electrolyte comprising a mixture of solvents and one or more lithium salts dissolved in the mixture of solvents, the mixture of solvents comprising at least one fluorinated cyclic carbonate, the other solvent(s) being chosen from non-fluorinated cyclic carbonates or non-fluorinated linear carbonates, the volume proportion of fluorinated cyclic carbonate representing from 10 to 30% of the total volume of the solvents, at least one lithium salt being lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSO2)2N (LiFSI).
- the invention is based on the discovery that three specific constituents of the element cooperate with each other to improve on the one hand the mass energy and/or the volume energy without excessively penalizing the cycling performance of the element. These three constituents are the electrolyte, the negative active material and the positive active material, as described above.
- the invention makes it possible, for example, to increase by 13% and 22% respectively the mass energy and the volume energy of an element comprising a positive electrode comprising a mixture of LMFP and NMC 811 and a graphite-based negative electrode. This improvement is demonstrated by the bar corresponding to element 4 of the bar diagrams of FIGS. 1a and 1b.
- the silicon and carbon composite consists of a carbon matrix in which silicon particles are incorporated, the largest dimension of the silicon particles being less than or equal to 500 nm.
- the silicon and carbon composite consists of a porous carbon matrix, silicon particles partially or completely covering the surface of the pores of the carbon matrix, the diameter of the pores of the carbon matrix ranging from 10 nm to 1 pm.
- the porous carbon matrix consists of carbon particles, the pores of the porous carbon matrix representing from 15 to 90% of the volume of the carbon particles, the volume of the carbon particles being delimited by the exterior surface of the particles.
- the negative electrode further comprises a second active graphite material, the graphite representing from 10 to 90% of the total mass of the active materials of the negative electrode, the silicon and carbon composite representing from 90 to 10% of the total mass of the active materials of the negative electrode.
- the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is ethylene fluorocarbonate (FEC).
- the solvent mixture comprises from 1 to 20% by volume of non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate.
- the solvent mixture consists of ethylene fluorocarbonate (FEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC).
- FEC ethylene fluorocarbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the volume proportions of FEC, EC, DMC and EMC are located in the following respective ranges: 15-25%, 5-15%, 40-50% and 20-30%.
- the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt Li(FS ⁇ 2)2N (LiFSI) is the only lithium salt in the electrolyte.
- the total concentration of lithium ions provided by the lithium salt(s) ranges from 0.9 to 1.3 moles of lithium per liter of solvent(s).
- the positive electrode further comprises one or more positive active materials selected from: a) a lithium oxide of nickel, manganese and cobalt of formula Liw(NixMn y COzMt)O2 (NMC) where 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x;0 ⁇ y;0 ⁇ z;0 ⁇ t; M being selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, S, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof, b) a lithium oxide of nickel, cobalt and aluminum of formula Li w (NixCOyAl z Mt)O2 (NCA) where 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x;0 ⁇ y;0 ⁇ z;0 ⁇ t; M being selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr
- FIG. 1a is a comparison of the specific energies of three elements 1, 2 and 3 of the prior art and of an element 4 according to the invention.
- FIG. 1b is a comparison of the volume energies of three elements 1, 2 and 3 of the prior art and of an element 4 according to the invention.
- FIG. 2a shows the capacity retention of cells A, B and C as a function of the number of cycles. Cells A, B and C differ in the composition of the electrolyte solvent mixture.
- FIG. 3 shows the capacity retention of cells D and E as a function of the number of cycles.
- Cells D and E differ in the type of negative electrode composite.
- FIG. 4 shows the capacity retention of F and G elements as a function of the number of cycles. F and G elements differ in the composition of the electrolyte salts.
- the Si-C composite is defined as a heterogeneous mixture consisting of silicon and carbon particles, all of the particles having a high capacity for interpenetration and adhesion. It is therefore not silicon carbide SiC, which is a homogeneous solid and in which each silicon atom is linked to a carbon atom by a covalent bond. It is therefore also not an alloy which consists of a metallic mixture of several elements.
- a first type consists of silicon nanoparticles embedded in a carbon matrix.
- nanoparticles is meant particles whose largest dimension is less than or equal to 500 nm. In some cases, the largest dimension can be less than or equal to 100 nm.
- the mass of silicon nanoparticles can represent from 5% to 60% of the mass of the carbon matrix.
- the first type of composite can be obtained by a method comprising the steps of: a) providing a silicon powder obtained by the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or CO2 laser technique, the size of the silicon particles being less than or equal to 500 nm or less than or equal to 100 nm; b) mixing the silicon powder with a carbon polymer; and c) pyrolyzing the mixture.
- PECVD plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- CO2 laser technique the size of the silicon particles being less than or equal to 500 nm or less than or equal to 100 nm
- a solvent suitable for dissolving the polymer can be added to the mixture from step b). carbonaceous, then the mixture is kept under mechanical stirring until the solvent evaporates.
- the solvent can be propylene oxide.
- the carbonaceous polymer can be polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Pyrolysis can be carried out at a temperature between 750°C and 1000°C.
- the Si-C composite can also be obtained by mechanical grinding of silicon particles and carbon particles, for example using a ball mill.
- the mechanical grinding is continued for a time sufficient to obtain the required level of adhesion between the silicon particles and the carbon particles.
- the grinding is stopped after a time from which the start of the formation of a covalent bond between the carbon and the silicon is observed.
- the presence of silicon carbide can be demonstrated by RAMAN spectroscopy or by X-ray diffraction.
- grinding in a ball mill can last from 2 to 24 hours or from 2 to 12 hours.
- a second type of composite consists of silicon particles housed in pores of a carbon matrix, the pores being able to be located on the surface of the carbon matrix or in the carbon matrix.
- the silicon particles can partially or completely cover the surface of the pores of the carbon matrix.
- the carbon pores can have a diameter ranging from 10 nm to 1 pm.
- a porous carbon matrix is manufactured and then silicon is deposited in the pores of the carbon matrix.
- the silicon deposition is obtained by decomposing a silane gas of formula SihL into the element silicon and hydrogen.
- the decomposition of the silane is initiated by an increase in temperature, generally above 400°C.
- the silicon particles can be nanoparticles or have a larger size.
- the silicon and carbon used can be independently amorphous or crystalline.
- the mass proportion of silicon in the composite typically ranges from 5 to 65% or from 25 to 55% or from 30 to 50% or from 35 to 50%.
- the mass proportion of carbon in the composite typically ranges from 35 to 95% or from 45 to 75% or from 50 to 70% or from 50 to 65%.
- the Si-C composite does not comprise a coating layer, in particular a carbon coating layer.
- One of the advantages of the invention is therefore to reduce, thanks to the use of the Si-C composite, the phenomenon of crumbling of the negative active material during operation of the element in cycling.
- the Si-C composite may be combined with one or more other negative active materials, such as graphite.
- the mass proportion of Si-C composite may range from 10 to 90% or from 30 to 60% of the mass of all the negative active materials.
- the mass proportion of graphite may range from 10 to 90% or from 50 to 70% of the mass of all the negative active materials.
- the Si-C composite and the graphite are the only two negative active materials.
- One or more electronically conductive additives may be added to the Si-C composite. These additives may be selected from graphite, carbon black, soot, acetylene black, graphene, carbon fibers, single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and mixtures thereof.
- binders may also be added. They may be chosen from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its copolymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(methyl or butyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(vinyl formal), polyester, block polyetheramides, polymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, itaconic acid, sulfonic acid, elastomers, and cellulose compounds such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC).
- the elastomers usable as binders can be chosen from styrene-butadiene (SBR), butadiene-acrylonitrile (NBR), hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile (HNBR).
- said at least one binder is a binder dispersible in aqueous medium, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene (SBR), butadiene-acrylonitrile (NBR), hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile (HNBR) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- a binder dispersible in aqueous medium such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), styrene-butadiene (SBR), butadiene-acrylonitrile (NBR), hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile (HNBR) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene
- NBR butadiene-acrylonitrile
- HNBR hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile
- the negative electrode is prepared in a conventional manner.
- An ink is prepared by dispersing in a solvent or in a mixture of solvents the Si-C composite optionally associated with one or more negative active materials, one or more binders and one or more electronically conductive additives.
- the ink-coated current collector is dried and then rolled so that its thickness is adjusted. This results in a negative electrode.
- Typical proportions of the components of the negative active material composition layer, after evaporation of the solvent contained in the ink, are:
- binder(s) from 1 to 10% or from 1 to 5% by mass of binder(s),
- the positive current collector is a solid or perforated metal strip which may be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or of steel or stainless steel. Its thickness may be in the range of 6 to 30 pm or 5 to 20 pm or 10 to 15 pm, preferably 10 to 15 pm.
- the current collector Before the current collector is coated with the active material composition layer, it may be coated on one or both sides with a coating for improving the electronic conductivity between the active material composition layer and the foil and/or for improving the adhesion of the active material composition layer to the foil.
- the coating material may be selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbon, graphite, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and mixtures thereof. It is preferably made of amorphous carbon.
- the coating material may be obtained by coating the foil with a dispersion of the material and then evaporating the solvent from the dispersion, or it may be obtained by sputtering. Only certain portions of the foil may be coated with the coating material.
- the coated portions may be separated from each other by predetermined or periodic intervals ("intermittent coating").
- the intermittent coating is preferably present on both sides of the foil. It facilitates the processing of the electrodes.
- one or both sides of the strip may have undergone a surface treatment intended to increase adhesion of the active material composition layer to the strip. This may involve a surface treatment creating asperities or micro-roughness, such as chemical etching or laser treatment.
- the mixture of active materials comprises at least one lithium manganese and iron phosphate of formula LixMni-y-zFe y MzPO4 (LMFP) where 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2;0.5 ⁇ 1-yz ⁇ 1;0 ⁇ y+z ⁇ 0.50;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5;0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.2; M being one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, K, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Pb, Mo and S.
- LMFP LixMni-y-zFe y MzPO4
- the 1-y-z stoichiometric index of manganese may be at least 0.6 or at least 0.7 or at least 0.8. It may range from 0.7 to 0.9 or from 0.75 to 0.80. Preferably, 0.70 ⁇ 1-y-z ⁇ 0.95.
- Examples of LMFP compounds are LiMno.sFeo ⁇ PCU, LiMnojsFeo ⁇ PCU, LiMno,?Feo,3P04, LiMn2/3Fei/3PO4, LiMno,eFeo,4P04 and LiMno,5Feo,sP04.
- LMFP can be coated with carbon or carbon nanotubes.
- LMFP may be either in the form of disjoint particles, also called primary particles, or in the form of agglomerates of primary particles, also called secondary particles.
- LMFP may be in the form of secondary particles having a volume median diameter D v so in the range of 1 to 15 pm or 1.5 to 4 pm. Dvso is measured by laser diffraction.
- LMFP may be further mixed with one or more positive active materials selected from: a) a lithium oxide of nickel, manganese and cobalt of formula Liw(Ni x Mn y COzMt)O2 (NMC) where 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x;0 ⁇ y;0 ⁇ z;0 ⁇ t; M being selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, W, Mo, S, Sr, Ce, Ta, Ga, Nd, Pr, La and mixtures thereof, b) a lithium oxide of nickel, cobalt and aluminum of formula Li w (Ni x Co y Al z Mt)O2 (NCA) where 0.9 ⁇ w ⁇ 1.1;0 ⁇ x;0 ⁇ y;0 ⁇ z;0 ⁇ t; M being selected from the group consisting of B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y,
- a compound of formula Lii +x Mi- x O2- y F y of cubic crystal structure where M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, B, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ta, W, Bi, La, Pr, Eu, Nd and Sm and where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, d) a lithium nickel manganese oxide (NMX) of formula Li a (Nii-x- y -zMn x Co y Mz)O2 with 0.9 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.1;0.60 ⁇ 1-xyz ⁇ 0.80;0 ⁇ x;0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.02;0 ⁇ z; and M being selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr,
- NMC lithium nickel, manganese and cobalt
- NMC type compounds are LiNii/ Mni/ Coi/ Ch, LiNio,eMno,2Coo,202, LiNio,8oMno,ioCoo o02, LiNio,84Mno,osCoo,o802, LiNio,87Mno,o6Coo,o?02 and Li N io,8gM no,o6Coo,os02.
- LMFP may be the majority in the mixture of positive active ingredients.
- the proportions of LMFP and the second active ingredient(s) a) to e) may be as follows:
- LMFP may be a minority in the mixture of positive active ingredients.
- the proportions of LMFP and the second active ingredient(s) a) to e) may be as follows:
- a possible mixture of active materials consists of 35 to 45% by mass of LMFP and 55 to 65% by mass of the second active material(s) a) to e).
- the second active material is preferably NMC.
- a possible mixture consists of 40% by mass of LMFP and 60% by mass of NMC.
- the binder(s) used in the composition of positive active materials may be selected from the same list as that mentioned in relation to the composition of negative active materials. Within this same list, the binder(s) of the positive electrode may be different from the binder(s) of the negative electrode. Similarly, the electronically conductive compound(s) used in the composition of materials positive active ingredients may be selected from the same list as that mentioned in relation to the composition of negative active ingredients.
- An ink is prepared by dispersing one or more active materials of the LMFP type and optionally one or more active materials of types a) to e) in a solvent or in a mixture of several solvents.
- a binder and an electronically conductive material are added to the dispersion.
- the viscosity of the ink can be varied before it is deposited on one face of the current collector.
- the ink-coated current collector is dried and then rolled so that its thickness is adjusted. After evaporation of the solvent(s), a layer of a composition of active materials is obtained, the proportions of the various constituents of which are typically:
- binder(s) from 1 to 10% or from 2 to 5% by mass of binder(s),
- the electrolyte is liquid and is obtained by dissolving lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FSC>2)2N (LiFSI) and optionally other lithium salts in the solvent mixture.
- the solvent mixture comprises at least one fluorinated cyclic carbonate, the other solvents in the mixture being chosen from non-fluorinated cyclic carbonates and non-fluorinated linear carbonates.
- the fluorinated cyclic carbonate is ethylene fluorocarbonate (FEC).
- FEC ethylene fluorocarbonate
- the volume proportion of fluorinated cyclic carbonate represents from 10 to 30% or from 15 to 25% or from 20 to 25% of the total volume of the solvents. Beyond 20% by volume of fluorinated cyclic carbonate, no significant increase in the lifetime of the element is observed.
- the solvent mixture comprises from 5 to 70% by volume of one or more non-fluorinated linear carbonates.
- ethylene carbonate EC
- propylene carbonate PC
- butylene carbonate EC
- mixtures thereof EC
- non-fluorinated linear carbonates mention may be made of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC) and mixtures thereof.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DPC dipropyl carbonate
- the mixture of DMC and EMC is preferred.
- a preferred mixture of solvents consists of EC, FEC, DMC and EMC.
- the ranges The volume percentages of these different solvents can be: 5-15%, 15-25%, 40-50% and 20-30%.
- Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Li(FS ⁇ 2)2N may be combined with one or more salts selected from lithium perchlorate LiCIC>4, lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPFe, lithium tetrafluoroborate UBF4, lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsF 6 , lithium hexafluorantimonate LiSbF 6 , lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate UCF3SO3, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide LiN(CF 3 SO2)2 (LiTFSI), lithium tris(fluoromethanesulfonyl)methylide LiC(CF 3 SC>2)3 (LiTFSM), lithium bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide LiN ⁇ FsSC ⁇ (LiBeTI), lithium-4,5-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide
- LiFSI is associated with a tetrafluorinated salt such as UBF4 or with a hexafluorinated salt such as LiPFe. It can be associated with lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LIDFOB).
- LIDFOB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- the lithium ions from lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide LiFSI can represent from 50 to 100% or from 60 to 90% or from 90 to 100% or from 70 to 80% by mole of the total quantity of lithium ions provided by the lithium salt(s).
- the lithium ions from lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide LiFSI can represent from 0 to 50% or from 10 to 40% or from 0 to 10% or from 20 to 30% by mole of the total quantity of lithium ions provided by the lithium salt(s).
- the mass percentage of LiFSI may be less than or equal to the mass percentage of LiPFe.
- the lithium ions from the LiPF 6 can represent from 10 to 90% or from 20 to 80% or from 30 to 70% or from 40 to 50% by mole of the total quantity of lithium ions provided by the lithium salt(s).
- the total concentration of lithium salt(s) may be in the range from 0.75 to 5 mol.L' 1 . It is preferably in the range from 1 to 4 mol.L' 1 . It is even better in the range from 0.9 to 1.3 mol.L' 1 .
- LiFSI may be combined with one or more salts, the concentration of each of the salts other than LIFSI being at least 0.70 mol.L' 1 or at least 0.80 mol.L' 1 or at least 0.90 mol.L' 1 or at least 1 mol.L' 1 or at least 1.5 mol.L' 1 .
- the mass percentage of each of the salts other than LIFSI may be at least 15% or at least 20% or at least 25% or at least 30%.
- LiPFe may be one of these salts.
- the electrolyte may contain one or more additives intended to stabilize the passivation layers at the positive and negative electrodes.
- This may be vinylene carbonate. (VC).
- VC vinylene carbonate
- the mass proportion of each of these additives does not exceed 5% relative to the mass of prepared electrolyte.
- An example element includes:
- a positive electrode comprising a mixture containing from 35 to 45% by mass of LMFP and from 55 to 65% by mass of NMC;
- an electrolyte comprising 5-15% EC, 15-25% FEC, 40-50% DMC and 20-30% EMC, by volume to which vinylene carbonate has preferably been added in a mass proportion less than or equal to 5% of the mass of the electrolyte prepared,
- LiPF 6 and LiFSI as electrolyte salts, in a molar ratio which can be 10% LiPFe and 90% LiFSI.
- a separator is interposed between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the material of the separator may be selected from the following materials: a polyolefin, for example polypropylene PP, polyethylene PE, a polyester, polymer-bonded glass fibers, polyimide, polyamide, polyaramid, polyamide-imide, and cellulose.
- the polyester may be selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- the polyester or polypropylene or polyethylene contains or is coated with a ceramic material selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, oxyhydroxides, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, and sulfides. This ceramic material may be SiC>2 or AI2O3.
- the separator may be a layer of polyolefin coated with ceramic, preferably a layer of polyethylene coated with ceramic on both
- An electrochemical bundle is formed by inserting a separator between at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode.
- the electrochemical bundle is inserted into the container of the element.
- the container of the element may be of parallelepipedal or cylindrical format. In the latter case, the electrochemical bundle is spiraled to form a cylindrical assembly of the electrodes.
- the electrochemical element can also be in pouch format.
- Figure 2a shows the capacity retention of cells A, B and C as a function of the number of cycles performed.
- Cells A, B and C differ in the composition of the electrolyte solvent mixture. Comparing cell B with cell A, it can be noted that replacing non-fluorinated cyclic carbonate PC with fluorinated cyclic carbonate FEC makes it possible to extend the cycling life. Indeed, for an initial capacity retention of 80%, a doubling of the life is observed, increasing from 40 to 80 cycles. Comparing cell A with cell C, it can be noted that replacing EC and PC with FEC also leads to an improvement in the life, the amounts of cyclic carbonate being identical in cells A and C. The value of 20% by volume of fluorinated cyclic carbonate seems to be an optimum beyond which the presence of fluorinated cyclic carbonate no longer significantly improves the life of the element.
- Figure 2b shows the capacity retention of cells B and D as a function of the number of cycles.
- Cells B and D differ in the composition of the electrolyte salts. Comparing cell B with cell D, it can be noted that replacing 90% of the number of moles of LiPFe with LiFSI leads to an extension of the lifetime. For an initial capacity retention of 80%, the lifetime is doubled, going from 75 to 140 cycles.
- Figure 3 shows the capacity retention of elements D and E as a function of the number of cycles. Elements D and E differ by the type of composite used in the negative electrode. The results show that the second type of composite in which the silicon particles are deposited on the surface of pores of a carbon matrix leads to a longer cycling life than that obtained when silicon nanoparticles are embedded in a carbon matrix. The second type of composite makes it possible to reach almost 500 cycles for an initial capacity retention of approximately 80%.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24737009.1A EP4736246A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 | 2024-06-12 | Elément électrochimique comprenant une électrode positive à base de phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2306930A FR3150647A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 | 2023-06-30 | Elément électrochimique comprenant une électrode positive à base de phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer |
| FRFR2306930 | 2023-06-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2025002805A1 true WO2025002805A1 (fr) | 2025-01-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2024/066195 Ceased WO2025002805A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 | 2024-06-12 | Elément électrochimique comprenant une électrode positive à base de phosphate lithié de manganèse et de fer |
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| EP (1) | EP4736246A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3150647A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025002805A1 (fr) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016184896A1 (fr) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | Saft | Electrode positive pour generateur electrochimique au lithium |
| US20190148775A1 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-05-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Localized superconcentrated electrolytes for silicon anodes |
| CN111200162A (zh) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-05-26 | 联动天翼新能源有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及制备方法 |
| US20220140394A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrolytes and separators for lithium metal batteries |
| US20220149425A1 (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2022-05-12 | Eocell Limited | Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion secondary battery, and lithium ion secondary battery containing the same |
| WO2023039085A1 (fr) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-16 | Zenlabs Energy, Inc. | Cellules lithium-ion à électrolyte à haut débit pour cellules présentant un matériau actif d'oxyde de silicium permettant une décharge à haute puissance et une longue durée de vie |
| WO2023108352A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et feuille d'électrode associée, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif |
-
2023
- 2023-06-30 FR FR2306930A patent/FR3150647A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-12 WO PCT/EP2024/066195 patent/WO2025002805A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-12 EP EP24737009.1A patent/EP4736246A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016184896A1 (fr) | 2015-05-19 | 2016-11-24 | Saft | Electrode positive pour generateur electrochimique au lithium |
| US20190148775A1 (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-05-16 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Localized superconcentrated electrolytes for silicon anodes |
| CN111200162A (zh) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-05-26 | 联动天翼新能源有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及制备方法 |
| US20220140394A1 (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-05-05 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Electrolytes and separators for lithium metal batteries |
| US20220149425A1 (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2022-05-12 | Eocell Limited | Nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion secondary battery, and lithium ion secondary battery containing the same |
| WO2023039085A1 (fr) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-16 | Zenlabs Energy, Inc. | Cellules lithium-ion à électrolyte à haut débit pour cellules présentant un matériau actif d'oxyde de silicium permettant une décharge à haute puissance et une longue durée de vie |
| WO2023108352A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-22 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et feuille d'électrode associée, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif |
| EP4224579A1 (fr) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-08-09 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Matériau actif d'électrode positive et feuille d'électrode associée, batterie secondaire, module de batterie, bloc-batterie et dispositif |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3150647A1 (fr) | 2025-01-03 |
| EP4736246A1 (fr) | 2026-05-06 |
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