WO2025000336A1 - 电化学装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

电化学装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025000336A1
WO2025000336A1 PCT/CN2023/103809 CN2023103809W WO2025000336A1 WO 2025000336 A1 WO2025000336 A1 WO 2025000336A1 CN 2023103809 W CN2023103809 W CN 2023103809W WO 2025000336 A1 WO2025000336 A1 WO 2025000336A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insulating layer
electrochemical device
metal strip
functional layer
insulating
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/103809
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁海涛
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2023/103809 priority Critical patent/WO2025000336A1/zh
Priority to CN202380095325.XA priority patent/CN120814104A/zh
Priority to CN202311527973.6A priority patent/CN117791034A/zh
Publication of WO2025000336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025000336A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of electrochemical technology, and in particular to an electrochemical device and an electronic device.
  • ultra-narrow lithium-ion batteries are required for slender products such as smart glasses and headphones.
  • batteries with a width or diameter of no more than 6 mm are generally called ultra-narrow lithium-ion batteries.
  • ultra-narrow batteries Due to their small size, ultra-narrow batteries are difficult to set up with pressure relief structures. During use, ultra-narrow batteries may experience thermal runaway, which may cause the internal pressure of the housing to increase, causing the battery housing to expand and even cause safety risks such as battery explosion.
  • the embodiments of the present application are intended to provide a battery cell and an electrochemical device to reduce expansion and lower the risk of battery explosion.
  • the present application proposes an electrochemical device, comprising a housing and an electrode assembly housed in the housing, the electrochemical device further comprising a metal strip, a sealant and a functional layer.
  • the metal strip comprises a first portion, a second portion and a third portion connected to each other, the first portion being connected to the electrode assembly in the housing, the housing having a projection hole, the second portion being arranged in the projection hole, and the third portion extending out of the housing.
  • the sealant is arranged between the second portion and the inner wall of the projection hole, and the sealant is bonded to the housing.
  • the functional layer is arranged on the outer surface of the second portion and between the second portion and the sealant, and the functional layer is configured to melt when the temperature rises to a first threshold value.
  • the electrochemical device further comprises an insulating component.
  • the insulating component is disposed on the outer surface of the third portion, the third portion has a conductive area, and the insulating component does not cover the conductive area.
  • the metal strip includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other in a first direction.
  • the two ends of the third part On the first surface, along the second direction, the two ends of the third part have a first area and a second area respectively, and the conductive area is located between the first area and the second area.
  • the insulating component includes a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer, the first insulating layer is arranged in the first area, and the second insulating layer is arranged in the second area.
  • the first part, the second part and the third part are arranged in sequence along the third direction, and the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first area and the second area are the parts of the metal strip that are easy to contact with the external conductive parts.
  • Providing the insulating layer in the first area and the second area can reduce the bending of the metal strip and reduce the risk of short circuit of the electrochemical device.
  • the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer and the functional layer are integrally formed, so as to ensure the strength and toughness of each insulating layer, thereby ensuring the strength and toughness of the metal strip.
  • the electrochemical device further comprises a third insulating layer, which is disposed on the second surface of the third portion, and can further improve the strength and toughness of the metal strip, thereby further reducing the short circuit risk of the electrochemical device.
  • the third portion further comprises a first side surface and a second side surface disposed opposite to each other in the second direction.
  • the insulating assembly further comprises a fourth insulating layer disposed on the first side surface; and/or the insulating assembly further comprises a fifth insulating layer disposed on the second side surface.
  • the metal strip can be further isolated to reduce the risk of short circuit of the metal strip.
  • the material of the functional layer includes low-density polyethylene and/or polypropylene, and the density of the functional layer is ⁇ , 0.910 g/cm 3 ⁇ 0.925 g/cm 3 .
  • the first threshold is T1, 110°C ⁇ T1 ⁇ 115°C.
  • the material of the seal includes at least one of polypropylene, o-phenylphenol, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide resin and phenolic resin, and the melting point of the seal is T2, T2 ⁇ 120°C.
  • the seal is still in a solid state and can isolate the accommodating portion from the metal belt; in addition, when the temperature is lowered and the functional layer is solidified, the electrochemical device can be sealed again by supplementing the molten functional layer in the exhaust channel; this arrangement can facilitate the reuse of the electrochemical device and increase the service life of the electrochemical device.
  • the sealing member is bonded to the functional layer.
  • the functional layer melts, while the sealing member with a high melting point is still in a solid state.
  • the sealing member is still bonded to the partially melted functional layer, thereby reducing the spread of the melted functional layer to the surrounding areas.
  • the thickness of the first insulating layer is H1, 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H1 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, which improves the strength and toughness of the metal strip while reducing the risk of short circuit of the electrochemical device.
  • the thickness of the second insulating layer is H2, 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H2 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, so as to further improve the strength and toughness of the metal strip and reduce the risk of short circuit of the electrochemical device.
  • the width of the first insulating layer is W1, 0.1 mm ⁇ W1 ⁇ 0.17 mm.
  • the width of the second insulating layer is W2, 0.1 mm ⁇ W2 ⁇ 0.17 mm.
  • the electrochemical device includes at least two metal strips, at least one of which is a positive metal strip, and at least one of which is a negative metal strip, and the positive metal strip and the negative metal strip extend from the same side of the receiving portion. Due to the presence of the insulating component, the contact between the positive metal strip and the negative metal strip can be reduced, so the positive and negative metal strips can be directly extended from the same side of the receiving portion, which can reduce the space in the length direction of the electrochemical device.
  • the thickness of the metal strip is H3, 0.06 mm ⁇ H3 ⁇ 0.1 mm.
  • the width of the metal strip is W3, 0.2 mm ⁇ W3 ⁇ 2 mm;
  • the width of the accommodating portion is W4, 1mm ⁇ W4 ⁇ 4mm, and the insulating component can isolate the positive and negative metal strips of the electrochemical device, thereby reducing the spacing between the positive and negative metal strips to meet the ultra-narrow design requirements of the electrochemical device.
  • the present application further proposes an electronic device, comprising an electrochemical device as described in any embodiment of the first aspect above.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second part along the second direction and a partial enlarged view of point A of some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a metal belt and a sealing member according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving portion and a partial enlarged diagram of position B in some embodiments of the present application;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a metal belt and an insulating assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a metal belt and a sealing member according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a metal belt and an insulating assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a metal belt and an insulating assembly according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third portion along a second direction of some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the installation of metal strips and insulating components according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Electrochemical device 1000. Electrochemical device
  • sealing member 40. functional layer; 50. first insulating layer; 60. second insulating layer; 70. third insulating layer; 80. fourth insulating layer; 90. fifth insulating layer;
  • X second direction
  • Y third direction
  • Z first direction
  • the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • the present application proposes an electrochemical device 1000, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the electrochemical device 1000 includes a housing 100, an electrode assembly 10, a metal strip 20, a seal 30, and a functional layer 40.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is accommodated in the housing 100, one end of the metal strip 20 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 10, and the other end extends out of the housing 100, the seal 30 seals the installation gap between the metal strip 20 and the housing 100, and the functional layer 40 is located between the metal strip 20 and the seal 30.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a first pole piece (not shown in the figure), a second pole piece (not shown in the figure) and a separator (not shown in the figure).
  • the polarity of the second electrode sheet is opposite, one is a positive electrode sheet and the other is a negative electrode sheet, and the separator is disposed between the first electrode sheet and the second electrode sheet to separate the two.
  • the electrode assembly 10 may adopt a winding structure, that is, the first electrode sheet, the separator and the second electrode sheet are sequentially stacked and wound to form a wound electrode assembly 10; in other embodiments, the electrode assembly 10 may also adopt a laminated structure, that is, the first electrode sheet, the separator and the second electrode sheet are alternately stacked in sequence to form a laminated electrode assembly 10.
  • the metal belt 20 can be made of conductive metal such as aluminum sheet, copper sheet or nickel sheet, and is used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 10.
  • the metal belt 20 can be made of conductive metal such as aluminum sheet, copper sheet or nickel sheet, and is used to be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 10.
  • the connection method between the metal belt 20 and the above-mentioned electrode sheet can be welding or conductive adhesive connection, etc., to ensure that the metal belt 20 and the electrode sheet are conductive.
  • the metal strip 20 can be configured as a flat strip structure, which includes a long side 20a, a wide side 20b and a thick side 20c.
  • the thickness of the metal strip 20 is H3, 0.06mm ⁇ H3 ⁇ 0.1mm;
  • the width of the metal strip 20 is W3, 0.2mm ⁇ W3 ⁇ 2mm, so as to meet the ultra-narrow design requirements of the electrochemical device 1000, for example, along the first direction X, the width of the receiving portion is W4, 1mm ⁇ W4 ⁇ 4mm.
  • the metal belt 20 includes a first portion 23, a second portion 24 and a third portion 25.
  • the second portion 24 is disposed between the first portion 23 and the second portion 24.
  • the seal 30 sequentially divides the metal belt 20 into two portions, namely the first portion 23 and the third portion 25, and the portion where the metal belt 20 is sleeved is the second portion 24.
  • the metal strip 20 has a first surface 21 and a second surface 22 that are arranged opposite to each other in a first direction Z, and the first surface 21 and the second surface 22 are both defined by the long side 20a and the wide side 20b.
  • the first surface 21 and the second surface 22 both extend from the first portion 23 through the second portion 24 to the third portion 25.
  • the first portion 23 can be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 10, and the third portion 25 can be connected to an end of the second portion 24 that is away from the first portion 23.
  • the first portion 23 is electrically connected to the electrode assembly 10 in the accommodating portion 100, and the accommodating portion 100 is provided with a projection hole 101 (refer to FIG.
  • the second portion 24 is arranged in the projection hole 101, and the third portion 25 can be connected to an end of the second portion 24 that is away from the first portion 23, and the third portion 25 is used to conduct with an external circuit, so that the electrode assembly 10 can be conducted with the external circuit.
  • the length of the third portion 25 is L, 6mm ⁇ L ⁇ 10mm, so as to ensure that the third part 25 has sufficient strength and sufficient connection area to facilitate stable electrical connection with the external circuit.
  • the seal 30 is arranged between the second part 24 and the inner wall of the extension hole 101, and is used to seal the installation gap between the second part 24 and the inner wall of the extension hole 101, so as to ensure the sealing of the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the seal 30 can be arranged between the first surface 21 and/or the second surface 22 of the second part 24 and the inner wall of the extension hole 101, or the seal 30 is sleeved on the surface of the metal strip 20 and is located between the second part 24 and the inner wall of the extension hole 101.
  • the accommodating portion 100 can adopt an aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, and the seal 30 can be directly bonded to the aluminum-plastic film packaging bag, and the seal 30 can be fixed to the accommodating portion 100 by hot-pressing the aluminum-plastic film packaging bag.
  • the accommodating portion 100 has a top sealing edge 102, and the second part 24 of the above-mentioned metal belt 20 is arranged in the top sealing edge 102.
  • the extension hole 101 is formed at the top sealing edge 102 where the second part 24 is located. At this time, it can be considered that the metal belt 20 extends out of the accommodating portion 100 from the extension hole 101.
  • the functional layer 40 can be disposed between the seal 30 and the metal strip 20.
  • the functional layer 40 is disposed in the second portion 24 and between the second portion 24 and the seal 30.
  • the functional layer 40 is configured to melt when the temperature rises to a first threshold.
  • the first threshold is T1, 110°C ⁇ T1 ⁇ 115°C.
  • the functional layer 40 melts to form an exhaust channel connected to the inside and outside of the housing 100, so that the gas and heat in the housing 100 can be quickly discharged, which can effectively reduce the risk of explosion of the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the material of the functional layer 40 can be selected from low-density polyethylene (LDPE).
  • LDPE low-density polyethylene
  • the density of low-density polyethylene is 0.910 g/cm 3 to 0.925 g/cm 3 .
  • Low-density polyethylene is a white resin with a waxy feel, and its structural characteristics are non-linear.
  • the functional layer 40 may also be made of polypropylene with a density of 0.910 g/cm 3 to 0.925 g/cm 3 and a melting point of 110° C. to 115° C.
  • the seal 30 may be made of at least one of polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), ortho-phenylphenol (OPP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide resin (PA) or phenolic resin (PF) with a relatively high melting point (melting point T2 of the seal 30 is greater than 120°C, for example, 120°C ⁇ T2 ⁇ 190°C).
  • PP polypropylene
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • OPP ortho-phenylphenol
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PA polyamide resin
  • PF phenolic resin
  • the seal 30 when the temperature reaches the first threshold, the seal 30 is still in a solid state, which can isolate the housing 200 from the metal strip 20; in addition, when the temperature drops and the functional layer 40 solidifies, the molten functional layer 40 is added to the exhaust channel to seal the housing 100 again; this arrangement can facilitate the reuse of the electrochemical device 100 and increase the service life of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the sealing member 30 can be bonded to the functional layer 40 . When the temperature reaches the first threshold, the functional layer 40 melts, and the sealing member 30 in a solid state still bonds to a part of the melted functional layer 40 , thereby reducing the spread of the melted functional layer 40 to the surroundings.
  • the electrochemical device 1000 further includes an insulating component 200.
  • the insulating component 200 is disposed on the outer surface of the third portion 25.
  • the third portion 25 has a conductive region 213, and the insulating component 200 does not cover the conductive region 213.
  • the insulating component 200 can separate the positive and negative metal strips of the single electrochemical device 1000 to reduce the risk of short circuit due to direct contact between the positive and negative metal strips; in addition, when preparing multiple electrochemical devices 1000, the insulating component 200 also isolates the metal strips 20 of other electrochemical devices 1000 to further reduce the risk of short circuit.
  • the insulating component 200 includes a first insulating layer 50 and a second insulating layer 60, wherein the first insulating layer 50 is disposed in the first region 211, and the second insulating layer 60 is disposed in the second region 212.
  • the first portion 23, the second portion 24, and the third portion 25 are sequentially disposed along the third direction Y, and the first direction Z, the second direction X, and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 are respectively provided only in the first region 211 and the second region 212 of the metal strip 20.
  • the amount of insulating layer can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost;
  • the first region 211 and the second region 212 are the parts of the metal strip 20 that are easily in contact with the external conductive member.
  • the provision of insulating layers in the first region 211 and the second region 212 can improve the strength and toughness of the metal strip 20 and reduce the risk of short circuit caused by accidental contact of the positive and negative metal strips 20 during the preparation process of the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the distance between the positive and negative metal strips of the electrochemical device 1000 (the positive metal strip leading out of the positive electrode of the electrode assembly 10 and the negative metal strip leading out of the negative electrode of the electrode assembly 10) is extremely short (about 2 mm).
  • the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 in the first region 211 and the second region 212 of the metal strip 20, short circuits caused by accidental contact between the positive and negative metal strips can be effectively reduced.
  • the contact between the metal strips 20 of different electrochemical devices 1000 can also be reduced, thereby further reducing the occurrence of short circuits.
  • the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 may also be extended from the functional layer 40, that is, the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 are integrally formed with the functional layer 40.
  • the material of the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 both include the LDPE, and the integrally formed setting can ensure the strength and toughness of each insulating layer, thereby ensuring the strength and toughness of the metal strip 20.
  • the width of the first insulating layer 50 is W1, 0.1 mm ⁇ W1 ⁇ 0.17 mm; and/or the width of the second insulating layer 60 is W2, 0.1 mm ⁇ W2 ⁇ 0.17 mm.
  • a portion of the conductive area 213 needs to be reserved between the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60. Within the above width range, while the conductive area 213 is reserved, the third portion 25 of the metal strip 20 can be ensured to have sufficient strength and toughness to facilitate electrical connection of the third portion 25 with an external circuit.
  • the electrochemical device 100 includes at least two metal strips 20, at least one of which is a positive metal strip, and at least one of which is a negative metal strip.
  • the positive metal strip 20 and the negative metal strip 20 extend from the same side of the receiving portion 200 (see FIG. 1 ). Due to the presence of the insulating assembly 200, the contact between the positive metal strip and the negative metal strip can be reduced, so the positive and negative metal strips can be directly extended from the same side of the receiving portion 200, thereby reducing the space in the length direction of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the fourth part 26 may be provided at one end of the third part 25 away from the second part 24 .
  • the entire surface of the fourth part 26 may be provided with an insulating layer, which can reduce the sleeve process in the production process (the traditional solution requires a sleeve to be placed on the head of the metal strip 20 to prevent the positive and negative metal strips from contacting each other, and the sleeve needs to be removed after production.
  • the metal strip 20 is prone to withstand greater stress, and the metal strip 20 is relatively fragile, which can easily cause the metal strip 20 to tear), improve production efficiency, and further reduce the bending and tearing of the metal strip 20 caused by removing the sleeve.
  • the fourth part 26 can be cut to facilitate the electrical connection of the third part 25 to the external circuit.
  • a conductive region 213 is formed between the first region 211 and the second region 212.
  • the domain 213 can be used to electrically connect to an external circuit.
  • the second surface 22 of the third portion 25 of the metal strip 20 can be completely provided with an insulating layer.
  • the electrochemical device 1000 also includes a third insulating layer 70.
  • the material of the third insulating layer 70 can also be selected from the above-mentioned LDPE.
  • the third insulating layer 70 covers the second surface 22 of the third portion 25. This structure can further improve the strength and toughness of the metal strip 20 and further reduce the occurrence of short circuits in the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the third part 25 also includes a first side surface 27 and a second side surface 28 arranged opposite to each other in the second direction X, and the insulating component 200 also includes a fourth insulating layer 80, which is arranged on the first side surface 27; and/or, the insulating component 200 also includes a fifth insulating layer 90, which is arranged on the second side surface 28, so as to further isolate the positive and negative metal strips to reduce the risk of short circuit in the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the first insulating layer 50, the second insulating layer 60, the third insulating layer 70, the fourth insulating layer 80 and the fifth insulating layer 90 can be integrally formed with the functional layer 40 to ensure the bonding strength between each insulating layer and the functional layer 40.
  • the materials of each insulating layer can be the same or different, as long as they meet the insulation requirements and improve the strength of the metal strip 20, and this application does not limit this.
  • the thickness of the first insulating layer 50 is H1, 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H1 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m; and/or, the thickness of the second insulating layer 60 is H2, 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H2 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m; and/or, the thickness of the third insulating layer 70 is H5, 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H5 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m.
  • Each of the above insulating layers has a sufficient thickness, which can improve the strength and toughness of the metal strip 20 while meeting the ultra-narrow design of the electrochemical device 100.
  • the heat dissipation performance of the electrochemical device 1000 can be enhanced and the explosion risk of the electrochemical device 1000 can be reduced. Therefore, a design of a small metal strip with a large capacity can be adopted, for example, the width W3 of the metal strip 20 is 0.2 mm ⁇ W3 ⁇ 2 mm, the capacity C is 1880 mAh ⁇ C ⁇ 2200 mAh, and its operating voltage U can also be increased accordingly, for example, 4.45 V ⁇ U ⁇ 4.48 V.
  • the insulating assembly 200 further includes a sixth insulating layer 110, referring to FIG. 10 .
  • the sixth insulating layer 110 may be disposed on the first surface 21 and/or the second surface 22 of the first portion 23 (the first surface 21 and the second surface 22 may refer to FIG. 2 ).
  • the melting point of the sixth insulating layer 110 is T3, 110°C ⁇ T3 ⁇ 115°C.
  • the sixth insulating layer 110 may also be made of the above-mentioned LDPE.
  • the sixth insulating layer 110 may be disposed separately or may be integrally formed with the above-mentioned first insulating layer 50, second insulating layer 60, third insulating layer 70 (the third insulating layer 70 may refer to FIG.
  • the functional layer 40 may refer to FIG. 2 .
  • the sixth insulating layer 110 melts and can absorb part of the heat generated by the electrode assembly 10.
  • rapid heat dissipation of the electrochemical device 100 can be achieved, thereby reducing the electrochemical device.
  • the expansion or explosion of the device 100 It is understandable that the first portion 23 needs to be provided with a partial conductive area, that is, the sixth insulating layer 110 does not completely cover the first portion 23, so as to facilitate the electrical connection between the first portion 23 and the electrode assembly 10.
  • the functional layer 40 by setting the functional layer 40 between the second part 24 and the seal 30, when the electrochemical device 1000 is in a short circuit or thermal shock test, its temperature will rise to a first threshold value. At this time, the functional layer 40 melts to form an exhaust channel connected to the inside and outside of the accommodating portion 100, so that the gas and heat in the accommodating portion 100 can be quickly discharged to alleviate the expansion of the electrochemical device 1000, which can effectively reduce the risk of explosion of the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 are respectively provided in the first region 211 and the second region 212 of the metal strip 20, so as to improve the strength and toughness of the metal strip 20, thereby reducing the bending of the metal strip 20; and the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 can separate the positive and negative metal strips of the electrochemical device 1000 to reduce the risk of short circuit due to direct contact between the positive and negative metal strips 20; in addition, when preparing multiple electrochemical devices 1000, the first insulating layer 50 and the second insulating layer 60 can also isolate the metal strips 20 of other electrochemical devices 1000 to further reduce the risk of short circuit of the electrochemical device 1000.
  • the present application also proposes an electronic device, including the electrochemical device described in any embodiment of the first aspect above.
  • the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is not particularly limited, and it can be any electronic device known in the prior art.
  • electronic devices include but are not limited to Bluetooth headsets, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery cars, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, for example, game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.
  • a lithium-ion battery (electrochemical device) is taken as an example, and a high-temperature short-circuit test and a drop test are performed on the battery.
  • Graphite was used as the negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material graphite, binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were mixed in a weight ratio of 96:2:2, deionized water was added as a solvent, and a slurry with a solid content of 70 wt% was prepared and stirred evenly.
  • the slurry was evenly coated on one surface of a copper foil with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried, A negative electrode sheet with a negative electrode active layer coated on one side is obtained. On the other surface of the copper foil, the above steps are repeated to obtain a negative electrode sheet with a negative electrode active layer coated on both sides.
  • Preparation of positive electrode sheet Mix the positive electrode active materials lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), conductive carbon black (Super P), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a weight ratio of 97.5:1.0:1.5, add N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent, prepare a slurry with a solid content of 75wt%, and stir evenly. The slurry is evenly coated on one surface of an aluminum foil with a thickness of 12 ⁇ m, dried, and a positive electrode sheet coated with a positive electrode active layer on one side is obtained. Repeat the above steps on the other surface of the aluminum foil to obtain a positive electrode sheet coated with a positive electrode active layer on both sides.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • isolation membrane A polyethylene porous membrane is used as a substrate layer, and a ceramic layer containing alumina ceramics and a PVDF binder is coated on one surface of the substrate layer as a separator (CCS), wherein the mass percentage of alumina ceramics in the ceramic layer is 95%.
  • CCS separator
  • Electrode assembly The above-mentioned positive electrode sheet, separator and negative electrode sheet are stacked and wound. Nickel sheets and aluminum sheets with specifications of 12mm ⁇ 1mm are selected as metal strips.
  • the aluminum sheet metal strip is welded to the positive electrode sheet (aluminum foil of the positive electrode sheet), and the nickel sheet metal strip is welded to the negative electrode sheet (copper foil of the negative electrode sheet) to form an electrode assembly for standby use.
  • the LDPE functional layer is coated on each surface of the second part of the metal strip, and the LDPE first insulating layer and LDPE second insulating layer are coated on the first area and the second area of the third part respectively.
  • the thickness of the functional layer and the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are all 30 ⁇ m, and the width of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 0.1mm.
  • Electrode assembly Place the aluminum-plastic film with holes punched and formed in an assembly fixture, with the holes facing upward, place the electrode assembly in the holes, and apply external force to press it. Then, cover the electrode assembly with another aluminum-plastic film with holes punched and formed, with the holes facing downward, and heat-seal the four sides of the two aluminum-plastic films by hot pressing to obtain an assembled electrode assembly.
  • Liquid injection packaging The assembled electrode assembly is injected with electrolyte, and after vacuum packaging, static, hot pressing, shaping and other processes, a lithium-ion battery is obtained.
  • the width of the lithium-ion battery is 4 mm.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the thickness of the functional layer, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 35 ⁇ m.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the thickness of the functional layer, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 40 ⁇ m.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the thickness of the functional layer, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 45 ⁇ m.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the thickness of the functional layer, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 25 ⁇ m.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the width of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 0.15 mm.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the width of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 0.17 mm.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that the width of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer is 0.08 mm.
  • a first insulating layer is arranged in the first area of the first surface, a second insulating layer is arranged in the second area, a third insulating layer is arranged on the second surface, and the thickness of the third insulating layer is 30 ⁇ m.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that there is no functional layer and no insulating layer.
  • High temperature test Charge the lithium-ion battery to 4.45V at a constant current of 0.2C, and then charge the lithium-ion battery to 0.02C at a constant voltage of 4.45V. Let it stand at room temperature for 4 hours, and perform a short-circuit test at 55 ⁇ 2°C using a 80 ⁇ 20m ⁇ resistor. The test can be stopped when the temperature drops to 20% of the maximum temperature rise, or when the short-circuit time reaches 24 hours.
  • the test pass standard is that the lithium-ion battery does not catch fire or explode.
  • the functional layer when used, the high-temperature failure rate of the lithium-ion battery can be effectively reduced.
  • the functional layer can melt at high temperature and increase the exhaust channel, and quickly discharge gas and heat, thereby reducing the high-temperature failure rate of the lithium-ion battery.
  • Example 5 the thickness of the functional layer is 25 ⁇ m, and there is a possibility of high-temperature failure. This is because the functional layer is too thin, and the exhaust channel generated is too small to quickly exhaust gas and heat.
  • the preferred thickness of the functional layer in this application is 30 ⁇ m to 45 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer does not exceed 40 ⁇ m, that is, H1 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m and H2 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m.
  • the functional layer can be integrally formed with the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer, and the thickness of the three can be set to be consistent, that is, the thickness of the functional layer is preferably 30 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are both 25 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the insulating layer is too thin, so that the strength of the metal belt is insufficient, resulting in tearing when falling.
  • it is preferred that the thickness of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are both 30 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, that is, 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H1 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m, and 30 ⁇ m ⁇ H2 ⁇ 40 ⁇ m.
  • the widths of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer in Example 8 are both relatively small, which may also lead to insufficient strength of the metal strip, and the production short circuit ratio and drop failure ratio are both improved compared with Example 1.
  • it is preferred that the widths of the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are both 0.1 mm to 0.17 mm.
  • a first insulating layer is provided in the first area of the first surface, a second insulating layer is provided in the second area, and a third insulating layer is provided on the second surface, which can further improve the strength of the metal strip and isolate the metal strip, thereby further reducing the production short circuit ratio and drop failure ratio.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电化学装置及电子设备，包括容纳部以及收容于容纳部内的电极组件，电化学装置还包括金属带、密封件以及功能层。金属带包括相连接的第一部分、第二部分和第三部分，第一部分于容纳部内与电极组件连接，容纳部开设有伸出孔，第二部分设置于伸出孔，第三部分伸出容纳部外。密封件设置于第二部分与伸出孔的内壁之间，密封件与容纳部相粘合。功能层设置于第二部分的外表面并位于第二部分与密封件之间，功能层被构造为当温度上升至第一阈值时熔融。当电化学装置处于短路热失控或者热冲击测试过程中，温度会上升至第一阈值，此时功能层熔融以形成连通容纳部内外的排气通道，从而快速排出气体及热量，可有效降低电化学装置爆炸的风险。

Description

电化学装置及电子设备 【技术领域】
本申请实施例涉及电化学技术领域，尤其涉及一种电化学装置及电子设备。
【背景技术】
随着人们对电子产品的需求，锂离子电池也相应被要求适用各种电子产品的不同空间。例如，对于智能眼镜、耳机等细长类产品，需要应用超窄锂离子电池。在现有技术中一般将宽度或直径设置在不超过6毫米的电池称为超窄锂离子电池。
超窄电池因其本身尺寸较小，以致于难以设置泄压结构，超窄电池在使用过程中，可能会出现热失控而导致容纳部内部压力增大，以使得电池容纳部膨胀，甚至会引发电池爆炸等安全风险。
【发明内容】
本申请实施例旨在提供一种电芯及电化学装置，以减少膨胀并降低电池爆炸的风险。
本申请实施例为了解决其技术问题，采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提出了一种电化学装置，包括容纳部以及收容于容纳部内的电极组件，电化学装置还包括金属带、密封件以及功能层。金属带包括相连接的第一部分、第二部分和第三部分，第一部分于容纳部内与电极组件连接，容纳部开设有伸出孔，第二部分设置于伸出孔，第三部分伸出容纳部外。密封件设置于第二部分与伸出孔的内壁之间，密封件与容纳部相粘合。功能层设置于第二部分的外表面并位于第二部分与密封件之间，功能层被构造为当温度上升至第一阈值时熔融。
上述技术方案中，通过在第二部分与密封件之间设置功能层，当电化学装置处于短路热失控或者热冲击测试过程中，其温度会上升至第一阈值，此 时功能层熔融以形成连通容纳部内外的排气通道，从而可快速排出容纳部内的气体及热量，以缓解电化学装置的膨胀，可有效降低电化学装置爆炸的风险。
在一些优选的实施方式中，电化学装置还包括绝缘组件。绝缘组件设置于第三部分的外表面，第三部分具有导电区域，绝缘组件未覆盖导电区域。通过在容纳部外的第三部分设置绝缘组件，可提高金属带的强度及韧性，从而减少金属带弯折；同时绝缘组件可分隔电化学装置的正负极金属带，以降低因正负极金属带直接接触而发生短路的风险；另外，在制备多个电化学装置时，绝缘组件还隔绝其他电化学装置的金属带，以进一步降低电化学装置的短路风险。
在一些优选的实施方式中，金属带包括在第一方向上相对设置的第一表面和第二表面。在第一表面，沿第二方向，第三部分的两端分别具有第一区域和第二区域，导电区域位于第一区域与第二区域之间。绝缘组件包括第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层，第一绝缘层设置于第一区域，第二绝缘层设置于第二区域。其中，第一部分、第二部分以及第三部分沿第三方向依次设置，第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两相互垂直。仅在第一区域和第二区域设置绝缘层，一方面可减少绝缘层，降低成本；另一方面，第一区域和第二区域是金属带易与外部导电件相接触的部分，在第一区域和第二区域设置绝缘层，即可减少金属带弯折以及降低电化学装置短路风险。
在一些优选的实施方式中，第一绝缘层、第二绝缘层以及功能层一体成型。可保证各个绝缘层的强度及韧性，从而保证金属带的强度及韧性。
在一些优选的实施方式中，电化学装置还包括第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层设置于第三部分的第二表面，可进一步提高金属带的强度及韧性，从而进一步降低电化学装置的短路风险。
在一些优选的实施方式中，第三部分还包括在第二方向上相对设置的第一侧面和第二侧面。绝缘组件还包括第四绝缘层，第四绝缘层设置于第一侧面；和/或，绝缘组件还包括第五绝缘层，第五绝缘层设置于第二侧面。可进一步隔绝金属带，以降低金属带短路的风险。
在一些优选的实施方式中，功能层的材质包括低密度聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯，功能层的密度为ρ，0.910g/cm3≤ρ≤0.925g/cm3。
在一些优选的实施方式中，第一阈值为T1，110℃≤T1≤115℃。
在一些优选的实施方式中，密封件的材质包括聚丙烯、邻苯基苯酚、聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺树脂以及酚醛树脂中的至少一种，密封件的熔点为T2，T2≥120℃。当温度上述至第一阈值时，密封件认仍为固体状态，可隔绝容纳部与金属带；另外，当温度降低并且功能层固化后，在排气通道补充熔融的功能层即可再次密封电化学装置；此种设置可便于电化学装置的重复使用，提高电化学装置的使用寿命。
在一些优选的实施方式中，密封件粘接于功能层。当温度到达第一阈值时功能层熔融，而此时高熔点的密封件仍然为固体状态，此时密封件仍粘接部分熔融的功能层，从而可减少熔融功能层的向四周蔓延。
在一些优选的实施方式中，沿第一方向，第一绝缘层的厚度为H1，30μm≤H1≤40μm，提高金属带的强度及韧性的同时，降低电化学装置短路的风险。
可选的，沿第一方向，第二绝缘层的厚度为H2，30μm≤H2≤40μm，以进一步提高金属带的强度及韧性，降低电化学装置短路的风险。
可选的，沿第二方向，第一绝缘层的宽度为W1，0.1mm≤W1≤0.17mm。
可选的，沿第二方向，第二绝缘层的宽度为W2，0.1mm≤W2≤0.17mm。
在一些优选的实施方式中，电化学装置包括至少两个金属带，至少一个金属带为正极金属带，至少一个金属带为负极金属带，正极金属带和负极金属带自容纳部的同一侧伸出。由于绝缘组件的存在，可减少正极金属带与负极金属带的接触，因此可直接将正负极金属带从容纳部的同一侧伸出，可减少电化学装置长度方向的空间。
在一些优选的实施方式中，沿第一方向，金属带的厚度为H3，0.06mm≤H3≤0.1mm。
可选的，沿第二方向，金属带的宽度为W3，0.2mm≤W3≤2mm；
可选的，沿第二方向，容纳部的宽度为W4，1mm≤W4≤4mm，绝缘组件可隔绝电化学装置的正负极金属带，因此可减少正负极金属带之间的间隔空间，以满足电化学装置的超窄设计要求。
第二方面，本申请还提出了一种电子设备，包括如上述第一方面任一实施例所述的电化学装置。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
【附图说明】
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1为本申请一些实施例的电化学装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例的第二部分沿第二方向的截面示意图以及A处的局部放大图；
图3为本申请一些实施例的金属带与密封件的安装示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例的容纳部的结构示意图以及B处的局部放大图；
图5为本申请一些实施例的金属带与绝缘组件的安装示意图；
图6为本申请一些实施例的金属带与密封件的安装示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例的金属带与绝缘组件的安装示意图；
图8为本申请一些实施例的金属带与绝缘组件的安装示意图；
图9为本申请一些实施例的第三部分沿第二方向的截面示意图；
图10为本申请一些实施例的金属带与绝缘组件的安装示意图。
附图标记说明：
1000、电化学装置；
10、电极组件；
20、金属带；20a、长边；20b、宽边；20c、厚度边；21、第一表面；211、第一区域；212、第二区域；213、导电区域；22、第二表面；23、第一部分；24、第二部分；25、第三部分；26、第四部分；27、第一侧面；28、第二侧面；
30、密封件；40、功能层；50、第一绝缘层；60、第二绝缘层；70、第三绝缘层；80、第四绝缘层；90、第五绝缘层；
100、容纳部；101、伸出孔；102、顶封边；110、第六绝缘层；
200、绝缘组件；
X、第二方向；Y、第三方向；Z、第一方向。
【具体实施方式】
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
需要说明的是，当元件被表述“固定于”、“设置于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上，或者其间可以存在一个或多个居中的元件。当一个元件被表述“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件、或者其间可以存在一个或多个居中的元件。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施例中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
第一方面，本申请提出了一种电化学装置1000，请参照图1和图2，该电化学装置1000包括容纳部100、电极组件10、金属带20、密封件30以及功能层40。电极组件10收容于容纳部100内，金属带20一端与电极组件10电连接，另一端伸出容纳部100外，密封件30则密封金属带20与容纳部100之间的安装间隙，功能层40位于金属带20与密封件30之间。
对于上述电极组件10，请参照图1，电极组件10包括第一极片(图中未标示)、第二极片(图中未标示)以及隔离膜(图中未标示)，第一极片与 第二极片的极性相反，一个为正极极片另一个为负极极片，隔离膜则设置于第一极片与第二极片之间以分隔二者。电极组件10可采用卷绕结构，也即第一极片、隔离膜以及第二极片依次层叠并卷绕设置以形成卷绕型电极组件10；在其他实施例中，电极组件10也可采用叠片结构，也即第一极片、隔离膜以及第二极片依次交替层叠以形成叠片型电极组件10。
对于上述金属带20，请参照图1，金属带20可采用铝片、铜片或镍片等导电金属，其用于与电极组件10电连接。例如，以第一极片为正极极片，第二极片为负极极片为例，可设置两个金属带20，一个金属带20电连接于第一极片，以引出正极；另一个金属带20则电连接于第二极片，以引出负极。其中，金属带20与上述极片的连接方式可采用焊接或导电胶连接等，以保证金属带20与极片导通。
请参照图1至图3，金属带20可设置为扁平的条状结构，其包括长边20a、宽边20b以及厚度边20c。沿第一方向Z，金属带20的厚度为H3，0.06mm≤H3≤0.1mm；沿第二方向X，金属带20的宽度为W3，0.2mm≤W3≤2mm，以便于满足电化学装置1000的超窄设计需求，例如，沿第一方向X，容纳部的宽度为W4，1mm≤W4≤4mm。
金属带20包括第一部分23、第二部分24以及第三部分25。第二部分24设置于第一部分23与第二部分24之间，以密封件30套设于金属带20上为例，沿金属带20的长度方向(第三方向Y)，密封件30将金属带20依次分为两个部分，该两个部分分别为第一部分23和第三部分25，金属带20套设的部分即为第二部分24。
金属带20具有在第一方向Z上相对设置的第一表面21和第二表面22，第一表面21和第二表面22均由上述长边20a和宽边20b共同限定出。第一表面21和第二表面22均自第一部分23经第二部分24延伸于第三部分25。第一部分23可电连接于上述电极组件10，第三部分25则可连接于第二部分24的远离第一部分23的一端。例如，第一部分23于容纳部100内与电极组件10电连接，容纳部100开设有伸出孔101(可参照图4)，第二部分24设置于伸出孔101内，第三部分25则可连接于第二部分24的远离第一部分23的一端，第三部分25用于与外部电路导通，如此即可使得电极组件10与外部电路导通。可选的，沿第三方向Y，第三部分25的长度为L， 6mm≤L≤10mm，以确保第三部分25具有足够强度的同时，保证其具有足够的连接面积，以便于与外部电路稳定电连接。
对于上述密封件30，请参照图1至图4，密封件30设置于第二部分24与伸出孔101的内壁之间，用于密封第二部分24与伸出孔101内壁之间的安装间隙，从而保证电化学装置1000的密封性。例如，密封件30可设置于第二部分24的第一表面21和/或第二表面22与伸出孔101的内壁之间，再或者，密封件30套设于金属带20的表面并位于第二部分24与伸出孔101的内壁之间。可选的，容纳部100可采用铝塑膜包装袋，密封件30可直接与铝塑膜包装袋相粘合，通过热压封装铝塑膜包装袋即可使得密封件30与容纳部100相固定。而对于上述伸出孔101，容纳部100具有顶封边102，上述金属带20的第二部分24设置于顶封边102内，热压封装铝塑膜包装袋时，第二部分24所在的顶封边102处即形成伸出孔101，此时可认为金属带20自伸出孔101伸出容纳部100外。
对于上述功能层40，请参照图2和图3，功能层40可设置于上述密封件30与上述金属带20之间。例如，功能层40设置于第二部分24并位于第二部分24与密封件30之间，功能层40被构造为当温度上升至第一阈值时熔融。其中，第一阈值为T1，110℃≤T1≤115℃。当电化学装置1000处于短路或者热冲击测试过程中，电化学装置100内部的温度会上升至第一阈值，并且内部热量迅速传递至功能层40，并使得功能层40周围的温度上升至第一阈值，此时功能层40熔融以形成连通于容纳部100内外的排气通道，从而可快速排出容纳部100内的气体及热量，可有效降低电化学装置1000爆炸的风险。
优选的，上述功能层40的材质可选自低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)，与常规的高密度聚乙烯(密度为0.941g/cm3～0.965g/cm3)相比，低密度聚乙烯的密度为0.910g/cm3～0.925g/cm3。低密度聚乙烯是一种具有蜡感的白色树脂，结构特点是非线形的，分子量一般在1000～5000，具有较低的结晶度(10％～30％)和软化点(105℃～115℃)，有较好的柔软性以及伸长率(370％)；同时还具有较佳的电绝缘性、透明性以及较高的耐冲击强度，常温下物理性质以及化学性质稳定，同时还具备一定的韧性和强度，温度在105℃～115℃的环境下可熔融。可选的，在其他一些实施例中，功能层40还可采用聚丙烯，满足密度为0.910g/cm3～0.925g/cm3，同时熔点为110℃～115℃即可。
而上述密封件30则可采用较高熔点(密封件30熔点T2大于120℃，例如采用120℃≤T2≤190℃)的聚丙烯(PP)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、邻苯基苯酚(OPP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚酰胺树脂(PA)或酚醛树脂(PF)中的至少一种。以功能层40熔融为例，当温度上述至第一阈值时，密封件30仍为固体状态，可隔绝容纳部200与金属带20；另外，当温度降低并且功能层40固化后，在排气通道补充熔融的功能层40即可再次密封容纳部100；此种设置可便于电化学装置100的重复使用，提高电化学装置100的使用寿命。密封件30可与功能层40粘接，当温度到达第一阈值时功能层40熔融，固体状态的密封件30仍粘接部分熔融的功能层40，从而可减少熔融功能层40向四周蔓延。
请参照图5，电化学装置1000还包括绝缘组件200。绝缘组件200设置于第三部分25的外表面，第三部分25具有导电区域213，绝缘组件200未覆盖导电区域213。通过在容纳部100外的第三部分25设置绝缘组件200，可提高金属带20的强度及韧性，从而减少金属带20弯折。
对于单个电化学装置100，绝缘组件200可分隔该单个电化学装置1000的正负极金属带，以降低因正负极金属带直接接触而发生短路的风险；另外，在制备多个电化学装置1000时，绝缘组件200还隔绝其他电化学装置1000的金属带20，以进一步降低短路风险。
请参照图5和图6，在第一表面21，沿第二方向X，第三部分25的两端分别具有第一区域211和第二区域212，导电区域213位于第一区域211与第二区域212之间。绝缘组件200包括第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60，第一绝缘层50设置于第一区域211，第二绝缘层60设置于第二区域212。其中，第一部分23、第二部分24以及第三部分25沿第三方向Y依次设置，第一方向Z、第二方向X以及第三方向Y两两相互垂直。
本实施例中，仅在金属带20的第一区域211和第二区域212分别设置第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60，一方面可减少绝缘层的用量，从而降低成本；另一方面，第一区域211和第二区域212是金属带20易与外部导电件相接触的部分，在第一区域211和第二区域212设置绝缘层，可提高金属带20的强度及韧性，并可降低电化学装置1000在制备过程中，因正负极金属带20误触碰而发生短路的风险。以上述电化学装置1000的宽度或直径为6mm为例， 该电化学装置1000正负极金属带(引出电极组件10正极的为正极金属带，引出电极组件10负极的为负极金属带)之间的距离极短(2mm左右)，通过在金属带20的第一区域211和第二区域212分别设置第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60，可有效减少正负极金属带因误接触而发生短路；再或者，在制备多个电化学装置1000时，也可减少不同电化学装置1000的金属带20发生接触，从而进一步减少短路发生。
可选的，第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60也可自上述功能层40延伸得到，也即第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60与上述功能层40一体成型。第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60的材质均包括上述LDPE，一体成型的设置，可保证各个绝缘层的强度及韧性，从而保证金属带20的强度及韧性。
进一步的，请参照图5，沿第二方向X，第一绝缘层50的宽度为W1，0.1mm≤W1≤0.17mm；和/或，第二绝缘层60的宽度为W2，0.1mm≤W2≤0.17mm。第一绝缘层50与第二绝缘层60之间需预留部分导电区域213，上述宽度范围内，可在预留导电区域213的同时，保证金属带20的第三部分25具有足够的强度及韧性，以方便第三部分25与外部电路电连接。
电化学装置100包括至少两个金属带20，至少一个金属带20为正极金属带，至少一个金属带20为负极金属带，正极金属带20和负极金属带20自容纳部200的同一侧伸出(可参照图1)。由于上述绝缘组件200的存在，可减少正极金属带与负极金属带的接触，因此可直接将正负极金属带从容纳部200的同一侧伸出，从而减少电化学装置100长度方向的空间。
另外，请参照图7，第三部分25背离第二部分24的一端还可设置第四部分26，在上述电化学装置1000的制备过程中，第四部分26的整个表面均可设置绝缘层，可减少生产过程中的套管工序(传统方案需要在金属带20头部套上套管，以防止正负金属带相接触，并且生产后需要取下套管，此过程中金属带20易承受较大的应力，因金属带20较为脆弱，易导致金属带20撕裂)，提高生产效率，同时还可进一步减少因取下套管导致金属带20弯折撕裂。在电化学装置1000制备完毕后，该第四部分26可被裁剪，以便于第三部分25与外部电路电连接。
第一区域211与第二区域212之间形成有导电区域213，该部分导电区 域213可用于与外部电路电连接。如此，金属带20第三部分25的第二表面22可全部设置绝缘层，请进一步参照图8和图9，电化学装置1000还包括第三绝缘层70，第三绝缘层70的材质也可选自上述LDPE，该第三绝缘层70覆盖于第三部分25的第二表面22。此种结构可进一步提高金属带20的强度及韧性，并可进一步减少电化学装置1000发生短路。
在其他一些实施例中，请参照图9，第三部分25还包括在第二方向X上相对设置的第一侧面27和第二侧面28，绝缘组件200还包括第四绝缘层80，第四绝缘层80设置于所述第一侧面27；和/或，绝缘组件200还包括第五绝缘层90，第五绝缘层90设置于第二侧面28，从而可进一步隔正负极金属带，以降低电化学装置1000短路的风险。
可选的，第一绝缘层50、第二绝缘层60、第三绝缘层70、第四绝缘层80以及第五绝缘层90均可与上述功能层40一体成型，以保证各绝缘层与功能层40的结合强度。其中，各绝缘层的材质可相同也可不同，满足绝缘并可提高金属带20强度即可，本申请不作限制。
请参照图9，在一些实施例中，沿第一方向Z，第一绝缘层50的厚度为H1，30μm≤H1≤40μm；和/或，第二绝缘层60的厚度为H2，30μm≤H2≤40μm；和/或，第三绝缘层70的厚度为H5，30μm≤H5≤40μm。上述各绝缘层均具有足够的厚度，可在满足电化学装置100超窄设计的同时，提高金属带20的强度及韧性。另外，由于上述功能层40的存在，可增强电化学装置1000的散热性能以及可降低电化学装置1000的爆炸风险，因此，可采用小金属带大容量的设计，例如金属带20的宽度W3为0.2mm≤W3≤2mm，容量C为1880mAh≤C≤2200mAh，其工作电压U也可相应提高，例如4.45V≤U≤4.48V。
在一些实施例中，绝缘组件200还包括第六绝缘层110，请参照图10，第六绝缘层110可设置于第一部分23的第一表面21和/或第二表面22(第一表面21和第二表面22可参照图2)，第六绝缘层110的熔点为T3，110℃≤T3≤115℃。第六绝缘层110同样可采用上述LDPE，第六绝缘层110可单独设置也可与上述第一绝缘层50、第二绝缘层60、第三绝缘层70(第三绝缘层70可参照图9)以及功能层40(功能层40可参照图2)一体成型。当温度上述至T3时，第六绝缘层110熔融并能够吸收电极组件10所产生的的部分热量，配合上述功能层40，可实现电化学装置100的快速散热，减少电化学装 置100的膨胀或爆炸。可以理解的是，第一部分23需要设置部分可导电区域，也即第六绝缘层110未完全覆盖第一部分23，以方便第一部分23与电极组件10电连接。
本申请的实施例中，通过在第二部分24与密封件30之间设置功能层40，当电化学装置1000处于短路或者热冲击测试过程中，其温度会上升至第一阈值，此时功能层40熔融以形成连通于容纳部100内外的排气通道，从而可快速排出容纳部100内的气体及热量，以缓解电化学装置1000的膨胀，可有效降低电化学装置1000爆炸的风险。同时，在金属带20的第一区域211和第二区域212分别设置第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60，可提高金属带20的强度及韧性，从而减少金属带20弯折；并且，第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60可分隔电化学装置1000的正负极金属带，以降低因正负极金属带20直接接触而发生短路的风险；另外，在制备多个电化学装置1000时，第一绝缘层50和第二绝缘层60还可隔绝其他电化学装置1000的金属带20，以进一步降低电化学装置1000的短路风险。
第二方面，本申请还提出了一种电子设备，包括上如述第一方面任一实施例所述的电化学装置。本申请实施例的电子设备没有特别限定，其可以是现有技术中已知的任何电子设备。例如，电子设备包括但不限于蓝牙耳机、手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
本申请的实施例中，以锂离子电池(电化学装置)为例，对其进行高温短路测试以及跌落测试。
锂离子电池的制备
实施例1
(1)负极极片的制备：以石墨作为负极活性材料，将负极活性材料石墨、粘结剂丁苯橡胶(SBR)和增稠剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按照重量比96:2:2进行混合，加入去离子水作为溶剂，调配成固含量为70wt％的浆料，并搅拌均匀。将浆料均匀涂覆在厚度为10μm的铜箔的一个表面上，烘干， 得到单面涂覆有负极活性层的负极极片。在铜箔的另一个表面上，重复以上步骤，得到双面涂覆有负极活性层的负极极片。
(2)正极极片的制备：将正极活性材料钴酸锂(LiCoO2)、导电炭黑(Super P)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按照重量比97.5:1.0:1.5进行混合，加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)作为溶剂，调配成固含量为75wt％的浆料，并搅拌均匀。将浆料均匀涂覆在厚度为12μm的铝箔的一个表面上，烘干，得到单面涂覆有正极活性层的正极极片。在铝箔的另一个表面上，重复以上步骤，得到双面涂覆有正极活性层的正极极片。
(3)电解液的制备：在干燥氩气气氛中，首先将碳酸乙烯酯(EC)、碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)和碳酸二乙酯(DEC)以质量比EC:EMC:DEC＝30:50:20混合形成基础有机溶剂，然后向基础有机溶剂中加入锂盐六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)溶解并混合均匀，得到LiPF6质量浓度为12.5％的电解液。
(4)隔离膜的制备：以聚乙烯多孔膜作为基材层，在基材层的一侧表面涂覆含氧化铝陶瓷和PVDF粘结剂的陶瓷层作为隔膜(CCS)，其中，陶瓷层中氧化铝陶瓷的质量百分含量为95％。
(5)电极组件制备：将上述正极极片、隔离膜以及负极极片层叠并卷绕设置。选用规格为12mm×1mm的镍片及铝片作为金属带，铝片金属带与正极极片(正极极片的铝箔)焊接，镍片金属带与负极极片(负极极片的铜箔)焊接，组成电极组件以备用。其中，在金属带的第二部分的各个表面涂覆LDPE功能层，并在第三部分的第一区域和第二区域分别涂覆LDPE第一绝缘层和LDPE第二绝缘层。其中，功能层及第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的厚度均为30μm，第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的宽度为0.1mm。
(6)电极组件组装：将冲坑成型的铝塑膜置于组装夹具内，坑面朝上，将电极组件置于坑内，施加外力压紧。然后将另一个冲坑成型的铝塑膜坑面朝下覆盖于电极组件上，采用热压的方式热封两个铝塑膜的四周，得到组装电极组件。
(7)注液封装：给组装电极组件注入电解液，经过真空封装、静置、热压化成、整形等工序，即制得锂离子电池，锂离子电池的宽度为4mm。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是：功能层及第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的厚度为35μm。
实施例3
与实施例1不同的是：功能层及第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的厚度为40μm。
实施例4
与实施例1不同的是：功能层及第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的厚度为45μm。
实施例5
与实施例1不同的是：功能层及第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的厚度为25μm。
实施例6
与实施例1不同的是：第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的宽度为0.15mm。
实施例7
与实施例1不同的是：第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的宽度为0.17mm。
实施例8
与实施例1不同的是：第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的宽度为0.08mm。
实施例9
与实施例1不同的是：在第一表面的第一区域设置第一绝缘层、第二区域设置第二绝缘层，第二表面设置第三绝缘层，第三绝缘层厚度为30μm。
对比例1
与实施例1不同的是：无功能层也无绝缘层。
高温测试：以0.2C的恒定电流对锂离子电池充电至4.45V，再以4.45V的恒定电压对锂离子电池充电至0.02C。在室温下静置4h，并在55±2℃下，使用80±20mΩ电阻进行短路测试。当温度降至最高温升的20％时测试即可停止，或者短路时间达到24h停止。测试通过标准为锂离子电池不起火，不爆炸。
跌落测试：以0.2C的恒定电流对锂离子电池充电至4.45V，再以4.45V的恒定电压对锂离子电池充电至0.02C。记录OCV(开路电压，指的是电池不放电开路时，两极之间的电位差)以及IMP(交流内阻，静态下电池内阻)。于1.5m的高度处，分别将锂离子电池的6面及4角朝下各进行两轮测试。通过标准为无破损漏液，无金属带折断，无明显电压降低(下降20mV)。测试结果如下表1所示。
表1
根据上述表1，结合对比例1和实施例1至9可知，当采用功能层时，可有效降低锂离子电池的高温失效比例，功能层可在高温时熔融并提高排气通道，并迅速排出气体和热量，从而降低锂离子电池高温失效比例。
实施例5中，功能层的厚度为25μm，存在高温失效的可能，这是因为功能层过薄，产生的排气通道过小，不足以快速排出气体及热量，结合实施例1至实施例4，本申请中优选功能层的厚度为30μm～45μm。另外，当第一 绝缘层及第二绝缘层的厚度超过45μm时，生产短路比例降低不明显，本申请中优选第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的厚度不超过40μm，也即H1≤40μm以及H2≤40μm。功能层可与第一绝缘层以及第二绝缘层一体成型设置，三者厚度可设置一致，也即功能层的厚度优选为30μm～40μm。
实施例5中，第一绝缘层以及第二绝缘层的厚度均为25μm，在跌落测试中，存在失效的可能，绝缘层厚度过薄以致于金属带强度不足，导致跌落撕裂。本申请中优选第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的厚度均为30μm～40μm，也即30μm≤H1≤40μm，30μm≤H2≤40μm。
结合实施例1和实施例8，实施例8中第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层的宽度均较小，也可能导致金属带强度不足，生产短路比例及跌落失效比例均较实施例1有提升，本申请中优选第一绝缘层及第二绝缘层的宽度均为0.1mm～0.17mm。
另外，在第一表面的第一区域设置第一绝缘层、第二区域设置第二绝缘层，以及在第二表面设置第三绝缘层，可进一步提高金属带强度以及隔绝金属带，从而进一步降低生产短路比例以及跌落失效比例。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；在本申请的思路下，以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合，步骤可以以任意顺序实现，并存在如上所述的本申请的不同方面的许多其它变化，为了简明，它们没有在细节中提供；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电化学装置，包括容纳部以及收容于所述容纳部内的电极组件，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括：
    金属带，包括相连接的第一部分、第二部分和第三部分，所述第一部分于所述容纳部内与所述电极组件连接，所述容纳部开设有伸出孔，所述第二部分设置于所述伸出孔，所述第三部分伸出所述容纳部外；
    密封件，设置于所述第二部分与所述伸出孔的内壁之间，所述密封件与所述容纳部相粘合；
    功能层，设置于所述第二部分的外表面并位于所述第二部分与所述密封件之间，所述功能层被构造为当温度上升至第一阈值时熔融。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还包括绝缘组件；
    所述绝缘组件设置于所述第三部分的外表面，所述第三部分具有导电区域，所述绝缘组件未覆盖所述导电区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述金属带包括在第一方向上相对设置的第一表面和第二表面；
    在所述第一表面，沿第二方向，所述第三部分的两端分别具有第一区域和第二区域，所述导电区域位于所述第一区域与所述第二区域之间；
    所述绝缘组件包括第一绝缘层和第二绝缘层，所述第一绝缘层设置于所述第一区域，所述第二绝缘层设置于所述第二区域；
    其中，所述第一部分、第二部分以及第三部分沿第三方向依次设置，所述第一方向、第二方向以及第三方向两两相互垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一绝缘层、所述第二绝缘层以及所述功能层一体成型。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置还 包括第三绝缘层，所述第三绝缘层设置于所述第三部分的第二表面。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，第三部分还包括在第二方向上相对设置的第一侧面和第二侧面；
    所述绝缘组件还包括第四绝缘层，所述第四绝缘层设置于所述第一侧面；和/或，所述绝缘组件还包括第五绝缘层，所述第五绝缘层设置于所述第二侧面。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述功能层的材质包括低密度聚乙烯和/或聚丙烯，所述功能层的密度为ρ，0.910g/cm3≤ρ≤0.925g/cm3。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述第一阈值为T1，110℃≤T1≤115℃。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述密封件的材质包括聚丙烯、邻苯基苯酚、聚氯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚酰胺树脂以及酚醛树脂中的至少一种，所述密封件的熔点为T2，T2≥120℃。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述密封件粘接于所述功能层。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置满足以下条件中的至少一个：
    a、沿第一方向，所述第一绝缘层的厚度为H1，30μm≤H1≤40μm；
    b、沿第一方向，所述第二绝缘层的厚度为H2，30μm≤H2≤40μm；
    c、沿第二方向，所述第一绝缘层的宽度为W1，0.1mm≤W1≤0.17mm；
    d、沿第二方向，所述第二绝缘层的宽度为W2，0.1mm≤W2≤0.17mm。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述电化学装置 包括至少两个所述金属带，至少一个金属带为正极金属带，至少一个金属带为负极金属带，所述正极金属带和所述负极金属带自所述容纳部的同一侧伸出。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的电化学装置，其特征在于，所述金属带满足以下条件中的至少一个：
    a、沿第一方向，所述金属带的厚度为H3，0.06mm≤H3≤0.1mm；
    b、沿第二方向，所述金属带的宽度为W3，0.2mm≤W3≤2mm；
    c、沿第二方向，所述容纳部的宽度为W4，1mm≤W4≤4mm。
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电化学装置。
PCT/CN2023/103809 2023-06-29 2023-06-29 电化学装置及电子设备 Ceased WO2025000336A1 (zh)

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