WO2024262197A1 - 偏光膜の製造方法、及び偏光フィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
偏光膜の製造方法、及び偏光フィルムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024262197A1 WO2024262197A1 PCT/JP2024/017898 JP2024017898W WO2024262197A1 WO 2024262197 A1 WO2024262197 A1 WO 2024262197A1 JP 2024017898 W JP2024017898 W JP 2024017898W WO 2024262197 A1 WO2024262197 A1 WO 2024262197A1
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- polyvinyl alcohol
- polarizing film
- water
- stretching
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C55/00—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor
- B29C55/02—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets
- B29C55/04—Shaping by stretching, e.g. drawing through a die; Apparatus therefor of plates or sheets uniaxial, e.g. oblique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00634—Production of filters
- B29D11/00644—Production of filters polarizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J129/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C09J129/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8793—Arrangements for polarized light emission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polarizing membrane and a method for producing a polarizing film.
- dyed polyvinyl alcohol films containing dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dyes
- polarizing films polarizers
- the polarizing films are produced by subjecting polyvinyl alcohol films to various processes such as dyeing, crosslinking, and stretching in a bath (treatment bath), and then drying.
- the polarizing films are usually used as polarizing films (polarizing plates) with a protective film such as triacetyl cellulose attached to one or both sides of the polarizing film using an adhesive.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method for manufacturing a polarizing film in which water-soluble components such as metal salts containing zinc, copper, aluminum, etc. are added to a treatment bath to cause the polarizing film to contain these components and improve the durability of the polarizing film.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose a method for manufacturing a polarizing film in which a water-soluble component such as an organic titanium compound is added to a treatment bath.
- Patent Document 5 describes a manufacturing method in which a cleaning solution is applied to the original film roll with a coating roll in the cleaning process, resulting in a polarizing film with few optical defects.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 when the above-mentioned components are added to the treatment bath, problems arise such as the amount of the components being enormous and the need to treat the waste treatment solution. Furthermore, the method specifically described in Patent Document 5 aims to clean the surface of the original film roll with a cleaning solution, and does not involve impregnating the original film roll with the components of the cleaning solution.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for producing a polarizing film that allows water-soluble components to be impregnated into the polarizing film without precipitation.
- the present invention also aims to provide a method for producing a polarizing film using the polarizing film obtained by the above-mentioned polarizing film production method.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polarizing film, which includes a step (I) of producing a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film containing water by carrying a polyvinyl alcohol-based film in the longitudinal direction and then carrying out a washing step after carrying out at least a stretching and dyeing step, a step (II) of producing a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film containing water by carrying out a step of coating a liquid containing a water-soluble compound on the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film containing water obtained in a state in which the moisture content of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film is x% by weight (40 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ thickness of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film ( ⁇ m)), and a step (III) of producing a polarizing film by carrying out a step of drying the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film containing the coating liquid obtained.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a polarizing film, which includes a step of laminating a transparent protective film via an adhesive layer to at least one surface of the polarizing film obtained by the method for producing a polarizing film.
- the method for producing a polarizing film of the present invention differs from conventional methods for producing polarizing films in that it includes a step of applying a liquid containing a water-soluble compound to a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film containing water while the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film has a moisture content within a specific range, thereby producing a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having a coating liquid film with a specific thickness, and therefore the water-soluble component can be impregnated into the polarizing film without precipitation.
- the method for producing a polarizing film of the present invention includes the steps of: (I) producing a water-containing stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film by at least performing a stretching and dyeing step while transporting a polyvinyl alcohol-based film in the longitudinal direction, and then performing a washing step; (II) producing a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having a coating liquid film with a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 2.2 ⁇ m or less by performing a step of coating the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having a coating liquid film with a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 2.2 ⁇ m or less, while the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having the coating liquid film is subjected to a drying step to produce a polarizing film.
- Step (I) of Producing a Water-Containing Stretched Polyvinyl Alcohol Film the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is subjected to at least the steps of stretching and dyeing while being transported in the longitudinal direction, and then to a washing step to produce a water-containing stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
- a swelling step and a crosslinking step may also be performed.
- the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based film is transparent in the visible light region, and any film that disperses and adsorbs dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dyes can be used without any particular restrictions.
- the PVA-based film that is typically used as the original roll preferably has a thickness of about 1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably about 1 to 50 ⁇ m, and preferably has a width of about 100 to 5,000 mm.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based film may be made of polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof.
- the polyvinyl alcohol derivative include polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal, olefins such as ethylene and propylene, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid, and alkyl esters thereof, and those modified with acrylamide.
- the polyvinyl alcohol preferably has an average degree of polymerization of about 100 to 10,000, more preferably about 1,000 to 10,000, and even more preferably about 1,500 to 4,500.
- the polyvinyl alcohol preferably has a degree of saponification of about 80 to 100 mol%, and more preferably about 95 mol% to 99.95 mol.
- the average degree of polymerization and the degree of saponification can be determined in accordance with JIS K 6726.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based film may contain additives such as plasticizers and surfactants.
- plasticizers include polyols and condensates thereof, such as glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.
- the amount of the additives used it is preferable to use about 20% by weight or less of the polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
- the swelling process (hereinafter also referred to as the swelling process) is a treatment process in which the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is immersed in a swelling bath, which can remove dirt and blocking agents from the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol-based film, and can also suppress uneven dyeing by swelling the polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
- the swelling bath generally uses a medium whose main component is water, distilled water, pure water, or the like.
- the swelling bath may contain surfactants, alcohol, and the like, as appropriate, according to conventional methods.
- the temperature of the swelling bath is preferably about 10 to 60°C, and more preferably about 15 to 45°C.
- the immersion time in the swelling bath cannot be determined in general because the degree of swelling of the polyvinyl alcohol film is affected by the temperature of the swelling bath, but is preferably about 5 to 300 seconds, and more preferably about 10 to 200 seconds.
- the swelling process may be carried out only once, or may be carried out multiple times as necessary.
- the dyeing process (hereinafter also referred to as the dyeing process) is a treatment process in which the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is immersed in a dye bath, and dichroic substances such as iodine or dichroic dyes can be adsorbed and oriented in the polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
- the dyeing solution is usually preferably an aqueous iodine solution, and contains iodine and an iodide as a dissolution aid.
- Examples of the iodide include potassium iodide, lithium iodide, sodium iodide, zinc iodide, aluminum iodide, lead iodide, copper iodide, barium iodide, calcium iodide, tin iodide, titanium iodide, etc.
- potassium iodide is preferred.
- the concentration of iodine is preferably about 0.01 to 1% by weight, and more preferably about 0.02 to 0.5% by weight.
- the concentration of iodide is preferably about 0.01 to 10% by weight, and more preferably about 0.05 to 5% by weight.
- the temperature of the dye bath is preferably about 10 to 50°C, and more preferably about 15 to 45°C.
- the immersion time in the dye bath cannot be determined in general because the degree of dyeing of the polyvinyl alcohol film is affected by the temperature of the dye bath, but is preferably about 10 to 300 seconds, and more preferably about 20 to 240 seconds.
- the dyeing process may be carried out only once, or may be carried out multiple times as necessary.
- the above-mentioned crosslinking step is a treatment step in which the polyvinyl alcohol-based film dyed in the dyeing step is immersed in a treatment bath (crosslinking bath) containing a boron compound, and the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is crosslinked by the boron compound, allowing iodine molecules or dye molecules to be adsorbed to the crosslinked structure.
- a treatment bath containing a boron compound
- the boron compound include boric acid, borate salts, and borax.
- the crosslinking bath is generally an aqueous solution, but may also be, for example, a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent miscible with water.
- the crosslinking bath may also contain an iodide such as potassium iodide.
- the concentration of the boron compound is preferably about 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably about 1.5 to 10% by weight, and even more preferably about 2 to 5% by weight.
- the concentration of the iodide such as potassium iodide in the crosslinking bath is preferably about 1 to 15% by weight, and even more preferably about 1.5 to 10% by weight.
- the temperature of the crosslinking bath is preferably about 20 to 70°C, and more preferably about 30 to 60°C.
- the immersion time in the crosslinking bath cannot be determined in general because the degree of crosslinking of the polyvinyl alcohol film is affected by the temperature of the crosslinking bath, but is preferably about 5 to 300 seconds, and more preferably about 10 to 200 seconds.
- the crosslinking process may be carried out only once, or may be carried out multiple times as necessary.
- the stretching process is a process in which the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is stretched to a predetermined ratio in at least one direction.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is uniaxially stretched in the conveying direction (longitudinal direction).
- the stretching process may be carried out only once, or may be carried out multiple times as necessary.
- the stretching process may be carried out at any stage in the production of the polarizing film.
- the treatment bath (stretching bath) in the wet stretching method can usually use a solvent such as water or a mixed solution of water and an organic solvent miscible with water.
- the stretching bath can contain an iodide such as potassium iodide.
- concentration of the iodide such as potassium iodide in the stretching bath is preferably about 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably about 2 to 10% by weight.
- the treatment bath (stretching bath) can also contain the boron compound to improve the degree of crosslinking. In this case, the concentration of the boron compound in the stretching bath is preferably about 1 to 15% by weight, more preferably about 1.5 to 10% by weight.
- the temperature of the stretching bath is preferably about 25 to 80°C, and more preferably about 40 to 75°C.
- the immersion time in the stretching bath cannot be determined in general because the degree of stretching of the polyvinyl alcohol film is affected by the temperature of the stretching bath, but is preferably about 10 to 800 seconds, and more preferably about 30 to 500 seconds.
- the stretching process in the wet stretching method may be performed together with one or more of the dyeing process, the crosslinking process, the swelling process described later, and the washing process described later.
- dry stretching method examples include a roll-to-roll stretching method, a heated roll stretching method, and a compression stretching method.
- the dry stretching method may be performed together with the drying process described below.
- the total stretching ratio (cumulative stretching ratio) applied to the polyvinyl alcohol film can be set appropriately depending on the purpose, but is preferably about 2 to 7 times, more preferably about 3 to 6.8 times, and even more preferably about 3.5 to 6.5 times.
- the above-mentioned washing step is a treatment step in which the polyvinyl alcohol-based film is immersed in a washing bath, and foreign matter remaining on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol-based film can be removed.
- the washing bath usually uses a medium whose main component is water, such as distilled water or pure water.
- an iodide such as potassium iodide can be used in the washing bath, and in this case, the concentration of the iodide such as potassium iodide in the washing bath is preferably about 1 to 10% by weight, more preferably about 2 to 4% by weight, and even more preferably about 1.6 to 3.8% by weight.
- the temperature of the cleaning bath is preferably about 5 to 50°C, more preferably about 10 to 40°C, and even more preferably about 15 to 35°C.
- the immersion time in the cleaning bath cannot be determined in general because the degree of cleaning of the polyvinyl alcohol film is affected by the temperature of the cleaning bath, but is preferably about 1 to 100 seconds, more preferably about 2 to 50 seconds, and even more preferably about 3 to 20 seconds.
- the swelling process may be carried out only once, or may be carried out multiple times as necessary.
- each treatment bath in the swelling process, the dyeing process, the crosslinking process, the stretching process, and the washing process may contain additives such as zinc salts, pH adjusters, pH buffers, and other salts.
- zinc salts include zinc halides such as zinc chloride and zinc iodide; inorganic zinc salts such as zinc sulfate and zinc acetate.
- pH adjusters include strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, and strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- Examples of the pH buffers include carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid and their salts, and inorganic weak acids such as phosphoric acid and carbonic acid and their salts.
- Examples of the other salts include chlorides such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and barium chloride, nitrates such as sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, sulfates such as sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- a step of coating a liquid containing a water-soluble compound on the obtained water-containing stretched polyvinyl alcohol film in a state where the moisture content of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film is x% by weight (40 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ thickness ( ⁇ m) of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film) is carried out to produce a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having a coating liquid film having a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m to 2.2 ⁇ m.
- the water-soluble compound is one having a solubility of 1 g or more in 100 g of water at 25° C.
- the liquid containing the water-soluble compound is a liquid for impregnating the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film with the water-soluble compound, and is not a liquid (cleaning liquid) intended for cleaning the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film.
- step (II) if x exceeds 40, wrinkles are likely to occur during transport, making it difficult to transport normally. Furthermore, if x is smaller than 1.1 times the thickness ( ⁇ m) of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film, the polarizer will not be sufficiently impregnated with the water-soluble component, and the water-soluble component will precipitate on the surface of the polarizing film.
- the above moisture content can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature of the cleaning bath and the degree of draining.
- the water-soluble compounds include, for example, the above-mentioned iodides, the above-mentioned boron compounds, the above-mentioned zinc salts, the above-mentioned pH adjusters, the above-mentioned pH buffers, the above-mentioned other salts, as well as compounds having a radical scavenging function, compounds having a crosslinking function, compounds having a plasticity imparting function, dye-based compounds, etc.
- the water-soluble compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- the compounds having the radical scavenging function include, for example, hindered phenol-based, hindered amine-based, phosphorus-based, sulfur-based, benzotriazole-based, benzophenone-based, hydroxylamine-based, salicylic acid ester-based, and triazine-based compounds, from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in the single transmittance and the increase in the single hue b value of the polarizing film in a high temperature environment.
- the compound having the cross-linking function reacts with the hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol of the polarizing film to form a cross-linked structure, thereby improving the durability of the polarizing film against humidification.
- examples of the compound having the cross-linking function include organic compounds having an isocyanate group, an isocyanate-derived functional group, an epoxy group, a carbonyl group, an aziridine ring, a vinyl ether group, a vinyl sulfone group, and an oxazoline group, as well as organic titanium compounds (titanium alkoxides, titanium chelates, titanium chelate ammonium salts, titanium chelate acylates, etc.).
- the compound having the function of imparting plasticity imparts plasticity to the polarizing film, thereby reducing quality defects such as dents caused by the pressing force.
- Examples of the compound having the function of imparting plasticity include ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, other ethylene glycol derivatives, glycerin, etc.
- the dye-based compounds can impart properties such as hue adjustment and pattern printing to the polarizing film.
- Examples of the dye-based compounds include azo compounds, anthraquinone-based compounds, and quinophthalone-based compounds.
- the coating method in the step of coating the liquid containing the water-soluble compound conventional coating methods can be applied, such as gravure coating, roll coating, spin coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, die coating, curtain coating, spray coating, and knife coating (comma coating, etc.).
- gravure coating is preferred from the viewpoint of the target coating thickness and processability.
- the rotation direction of the gravure roll and the transport direction of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film are opposite to each other. In this case, a stable coating film can be formed.
- various patterns can be formed on the surface of the gravure roll, such as a honeycomb mesh pattern, a trapezoidal pattern, a lattice pattern, a pyramid pattern, or a diagonal line pattern.
- the cell volume is preferably 1 to 10 cm 3 /m 2 , and more preferably 3 to 8 cm 3 /m 2 , from the viewpoint of the target coating thickness.
- the cell line number per inch of the roll is preferably 200 to 3000 lines/inch.
- the ratio of the rotation speed of the gravure roll to the traveling speed of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film is preferably 100 to 300%.
- the coating surface may be one side or both sides.
- the liquid containing the water-soluble compound cannot be determined in general because it is affected by the application (coating) method described above, but from the viewpoint of efficient penetration of the water-soluble compound, the concentration of the water-soluble compound is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, and more preferably 1.0% by weight or more, and from the viewpoint of preventing quality defects due to precipitation of the water-soluble compound, it is preferably 30% by weight or less, and more preferably 20% by weight or less.
- liquid solvent examples include water; water-soluble solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, other ethylene glycol derivatives, glycerin, and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having the coating liquid film has a coating liquid film thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 2.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating liquid film thickness of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having the coating liquid film is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m or more, and from the viewpoint of the impregnation of the coating liquid components, the coating liquid film thickness is preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having the coating liquid film preferably has coating unevenness of less than 0.1 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.08 ⁇ m or less.
- Step (III) of Producing Polarizing Film In the step (III) of producing the polarizing film, the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having the coating liquid film thus obtained is subjected to a drying step to produce the polarizing film.
- the drying step (hereinafter also referred to as the drying step) is a step of drying the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having the coating liquid film obtained above to obtain a polarizing film, and a polarizing film having a desired moisture content is obtained by drying.
- the drying is performed by any appropriate method, and examples of the method include natural drying, air drying, and heat drying.
- the drying temperature is preferably about 20 to 150°C, and more preferably about 25 to 100°C.
- the drying time cannot be determined in general because the degree of drying of the polarizing film is affected by the drying temperature, but is preferably about 10 to 600 seconds, and more preferably about 30 to 300 seconds.
- the drying process may be carried out only once, or may be carried out multiple times as necessary.
- the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having the coating liquid film obtained is preferably subjected to a step of promoting the impregnation of the water-soluble compound, and then a drying step, from the viewpoint of the impregnation of the coating liquid components.
- the step of promoting the impregnation of the water-soluble compound include blowing a gas (air, nitrogen, etc.) onto the polarizing film, applying heat, and providing an air transport distance sufficient for impregnation.
- the wind speed is preferably about 0.5 to 5.0 m/s, and more preferably about 1.0 to 3.0 m/s.
- the temperature is preferably about 10 to 50°C, and more preferably about 15 to 30°C.
- the step of promoting the impregnation of the water-soluble compound is performed before the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film transported after the step of applying the liquid containing the water-soluble compound comes into contact with the next transport roll (guide roll or nip roll).
- step (III) from the viewpoint of the impregnation of the coating liquid components, it is preferable not to perform a step of draining the coating liquid film from the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having the coating liquid film.
- the polarizing film preferably has a moisture content of 10% by weight or more, more preferably 12% by weight or more, from the viewpoint of preventing quality defects such as dents due to loss of plasticity, and preferably has a moisture content of 20% by weight or less, more preferably 16% by weight or less, from the viewpoint of improving optical properties such as the degree of polarization.
- the moisture content of the polarizing film is preferably 2% by weight or more, more preferably 3% by weight or more, from the viewpoint of preventing quality defects such as dents due to loss of plasticity, and preferably has a moisture content of 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, from the viewpoint of improving optical properties such as the degree of polarization.
- the polarizing film preferably has a thickness of about 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably about 3 to 25 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the following method for producing a thin polarizing film can be applied, in which a laminate including a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer formed on a thermoplastic resin substrate is used as the polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
- the method for producing a polarizing film (thin polarizing film) includes a step (I-0) of preparing a laminate by forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin on one side of a long thermoplastic resin substrate, a step (I-1) of carrying out at least an auxiliary air-stretching process, a dyeing process, and an underwater stretching process on the obtained laminate while conveying the laminate in the longitudinal direction, and then carrying out a washing process to produce a laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films containing water, and a step (I-2) of carrying out the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films containing water.
- the method includes a step (II-1) of applying a liquid containing a water-soluble compound to a laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films while the moisture content of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer is x% by weight (40 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ thickness of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film ( ⁇ m)), thereby producing a laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films having a coating liquid film with a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m to 2.2 ⁇ m, and a step (III-1) of drying the resulting laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films having the coating liquid film, thereby producing a polarizing film.
- Step (I-0) of Preparing Laminate In the step (I-0) of preparing a laminate, a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer containing a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin is formed on one side of a long thermoplastic resin substrate to prepare a laminate.
- any appropriate method may be used to prepare the laminate, for example, a method of applying a coating liquid containing the PVA-based resin to the surface of the thermoplastic resin substrate and drying the applied liquid.
- the thickness of the thermoplastic resin substrate is preferably about 20 to 300 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the PVA-based resin layer is preferably about 3 to 40 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the thermoplastic resin substrate preferably has a water absorption rate of about 0.2% or more, more preferably about 0.3% or more, from the viewpoint of absorbing water to significantly reduce the stretching stress and enabling stretching at a high ratio.
- the thermoplastic resin substrate preferably has a water absorption rate of about 3% or less, more preferably about 1% or less, from the viewpoint of preventing defects such as a significant decrease in the dimensional stability of the thermoplastic resin substrate and a deterioration in the appearance of the resulting polarizing film.
- the water absorption rate can be adjusted, for example, by introducing a modifying group into the constituent material of the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the water absorption rate is a value determined in accordance with JIS K 7209.
- the thermoplastic resin substrate preferably has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of about 120°C or less, from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient stretchability of the laminate while suppressing crystallization of the PVA-based resin layer. Furthermore, in consideration of the plasticization of the thermoplastic resin substrate by water and the good underwater stretching, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is more preferably about 100°C or less, and even more preferably about 90°C or less. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic resin substrate is preferably about 60°C or more, from the viewpoint of preventing defects such as deformation of the thermoplastic resin substrate when applying and drying the coating liquid and producing a good laminate.
- the glass transition temperature can be adjusted, for example, by introducing a modifying group into the constituent material of the thermoplastic resin substrate or by heating using a crystallizing material.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) is a value determined in accordance with JIS K 7121.
- thermoplastic resin any suitable thermoplastic resin may be used as the material for the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the thermoplastic resin include ester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate resins, cycloolefin resins such as norbornene resins, olefin resins such as polypropylene, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, and copolymer resins thereof.
- norbornene resins and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate resins are preferred, and amorphous polyethylene terephthalate resins are preferably used because the thermoplastic resin substrate has excellent stretchability and crystallization during stretching can be suppressed.
- amorphous polyethylene terephthalate resins include copolymers containing isophthalic acid and/or cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid as dicarboxylic acids, and copolymers containing cyclohexanedimethanol or diethylene glycol as glycols.
- the thermoplastic resin substrate may be subjected to a surface treatment (e.g., corona treatment, etc.) before the PVA-based resin layer is formed, or an easy-adhesion layer may be formed on the thermoplastic resin substrate. By carrying out such treatment, the adhesion between the thermoplastic resin substrate and the PVA-based resin layer can be improved. In addition, the thermoplastic resin substrate may be stretched before the PVA-based resin layer is formed.
- a surface treatment e.g., corona treatment, etc.
- an easy-adhesion layer may be formed on the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the coating liquid is a solution in which a PVA-based resin is dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, various glycols, polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, and amines such as ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine, with water being preferred. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the PVA-based resin in the coating liquid is preferably about 3 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the solvent, from the viewpoint of being able to form a uniform coating film that is in close contact with the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the coating liquid preferably contains a halide from the viewpoint of improving the orientation of polyvinyl alcohol molecules by stretching.
- a halide from the viewpoint of improving the orientation of polyvinyl alcohol molecules by stretching.
- Any appropriate halide can be used as the halide, and examples of the halide include iodide and sodium chloride.
- examples of the iodide include potassium iodide, sodium iodide, and lithium iodide, and potassium iodide is preferred.
- the concentration of the halide in the coating liquid is preferably about 5 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably about 10 to 15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the PVA-based resin.
- Additives may also be added to the coating liquid.
- additives include plasticizers such as ethylene glycol and glycerin; surfactants such as nonionic surfactants; and the like.
- any appropriate method can be used as the method for applying the coating liquid, and examples of such methods include roll coating, spin coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, die coating, curtain coating, spray coating, and knife coating (comma coating, etc.).
- the drying temperature of the coating liquid is preferably about 50°C or higher.
- the obtained laminate is subjected to at least an auxiliary air-stretching process, a dyeing process, and an underwater stretching process while being conveyed in the longitudinal direction, and then a washing process is carried out to produce a water-containing stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film laminate.
- the air-assisted stretching process can stretch the laminate at a high stretch ratio because it is possible to stretch the laminate while suppressing crystallization of the thermoplastic resin substrate.
- the stretching method in the air-assisted stretching process can be fixed-end stretching (e.g., a method of stretching using a tenter stretching machine) or free-end stretching (e.g., a method of uniaxially stretching the laminate by passing it between rolls with different peripheral speeds), but free-end stretching is preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining high optical properties.
- the stretching ratio in the auxiliary air-stretching process is preferably about 2 to 3.5 times.
- the auxiliary air-stretching process may be carried out in one stage or in multiple stages. When carried out in multiple stages, the stretching ratio is the product of the stretching ratios in each stage.
- the stretching temperature in the auxiliary air-stretching process can be set to any appropriate value depending on the material forming the thermoplastic resin substrate, the stretching method, etc., and is, for example, preferably equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thermoplastic resin substrate, more preferably equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) + 10°C, and even more preferably equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) + 15°C.
- the upper limit of the stretching temperature is preferably about 170°C, from the viewpoint of suppressing rapid crystallization of the PVA-based resin and suppressing defects due to crystallization (for example, preventing the orientation of the PVA-based resin layer due to stretching).
- an insolubilization process may be carried out after the auxiliary air-stretching process and before the dyeing process or underwater stretching process.
- the insolubilization process is typically carried out by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in an aqueous solution of boric acid.
- the concentration of the aqueous solution of boric acid is preferably about 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
- the liquid temperature of the insolubilization bath is preferably about 20 to 50°C.
- the dyeing process is carried out by dyeing the PVA-based resin layer with iodine.
- the adsorption method include a method of immersing the PVA-based resin layer (laminate) in a dyeing solution containing iodine, a method of applying the dyeing solution to the PVA-based resin layer, and a method of spraying the dyeing solution onto the PVA-based resin layer.
- the method of immersing the PVA-based resin layer (laminate) in a dyeing solution containing iodine is preferred.
- the amount of iodine in the dye bath is preferably about 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
- the iodide is preferably about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.3 to 5 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of water.
- the liquid temperature of the dye bath is preferably about 20 to 50°C in order to suppress the dissolution of the PVA-based resin.
- the immersion time is preferably about 5 seconds to 5 minutes, more preferably about 30 to 90 seconds, from the viewpoint of ensuring the transmittance of the PVA-based resin layer.
- the ratio of the iodine and iodide contents in the iodine aqueous solution is preferably about 1:5 to 1:20, more preferably about 1:5 to 1:10.
- a crosslinking process may be performed after the dyeing process and before the underwater stretching process.
- the crosslinking process is typically performed by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in an aqueous boric acid solution.
- the crosslinking process imparts water resistance to the PVA-based resin layer, and prevents the orientation of the PVA from decreasing when the layer is immersed in high-temperature water in the subsequent underwater stretching process.
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous boric acid solution is preferably about 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
- the amount of the iodide added is preferably about 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of water.
- the liquid temperature of the crosslinking bath (aqueous boric acid solution) is preferably about 20 to 50°C.
- the underwater stretching process is performed by immersing the laminate in a stretching bath.
- the underwater stretching process allows stretching at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature (typically about 80°C) of the thermoplastic resin substrate or the PVA-based resin layer, and allows the PVA-based resin layer to be stretched at a high magnification while suppressing crystallization.
- the stretching method in the underwater stretching process may be fixed-end stretching (for example, a method of stretching using a tenter stretching machine) or free-end stretching (for example, a method of uniaxially stretching the laminate by passing it between rolls with different peripheral speeds), but free-end stretching is preferred from the viewpoint of obtaining high optical properties.
- the underwater stretching process is preferably performed by immersing the laminate in an aqueous boric acid solution (stretching in boric acid water).
- an aqueous boric acid solution as the stretching bath, it is possible to impart to the PVA-based resin layer rigidity that can withstand the tension applied during stretching and water resistance that does not dissolve in water.
- the boric acid concentration of the aqueous boric acid solution is preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, and more preferably 2.5 to 6 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of water.
- iodide may be blended into the stretching bath (aqueous boric acid solution).
- the liquid temperature of the stretching bath is preferably about 40 to 85°C, and more preferably about 60 to 75°C.
- the immersion time of the laminate in the stretching bath is preferably about 15 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the stretching ratio in the underwater stretching process is preferably about 1.5 times or more, and more preferably about 3 times or more.
- the total stretch ratio of the laminate is preferably at least about 5 times the original length of the laminate, and more preferably at least about 5.5 times.
- the cleaning process is typically carried out by immersing the PVA-based resin layer in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide.
- each of the treatment baths in the dyeing process, the underwater stretching process, the insolubilization process, the crosslinking process, and the washing process may contain additives such as zinc salts, pH adjusters, pH buffers, and other salts.
- zinc salts include zinc halides such as zinc chloride and zinc iodide; inorganic zinc salts such as zinc sulfate and zinc acetate.
- pH adjusters include strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, and strong bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.
- Examples of the pH buffers include carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, and citric acid and their salts, and inorganic weak acids such as phosphoric acid and carbonic acid and their salts.
- Examples of the other salts include chlorides such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and barium chloride, nitrates such as sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, sulfates such as sodium sulfate and potassium sulfate, and salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
- a step of coating a liquid containing a water-soluble compound is carried out on the obtained laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films containing water, in a state in which the moisture content of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer is x% by weight (40 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1 ⁇ thickness ( ⁇ m) of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film), to produce a laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based films having a coating liquid film having a thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m to 2.2 ⁇ m.
- step (II-1) all of the above-mentioned step (II) of producing a stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film having a coating liquid film can be applied.
- the liquid containing a water-soluble compound is applied (coated) to the surface of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol-based film.
- Step (III-1) of Producing Polarizing Film> the laminate of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having the coating liquid film thus obtained is subjected to a drying treatment step to produce a polarizing film.
- step (III-1) all of the steps (III) for producing the polarizing film described above can be applied.
- the drying process may be performed by any suitable method, such as natural drying, air drying, or heat drying.
- the drying process may be performed by zone heating, which involves heating the entire zone, or by heating the transport roll (using a so-called heating roll). Drying using a heating roll efficiently suppresses heat curling of the laminate, making it possible to produce a polarizing film with excellent appearance, and since the laminate can be dried while being kept flat, it is possible to suppress not only curling but also wrinkles.
- the shrinkage rate of the laminate in the width direction due to the drying process is preferably about 1 to 10%, and more preferably about 2 to 8%.
- the drying conditions can be controlled by adjusting the heating temperature of the transport rolls (temperature of the heating rolls), the number of heating rolls, the contact time with the heating rolls, etc.
- the temperature of the heating rolls is preferably about 60 to 120°C, more preferably about 65 to 100°C, and even more preferably 70 to 80°C. From the viewpoint of effectively increasing the crystallinity of the thermoplastic resin and effectively suppressing curling, about 2 to 40 transport rolls, preferably about 4 to 30, are usually provided.
- the contact time (total contact time) between the laminate and the heating rolls is preferably about 1 to 300 seconds, more preferably 1 to 20 seconds, and even more preferably 1 to 10 seconds.
- the heating rolls may be installed in a heating furnace or in a normal production line (at room temperature). Preferably, they are installed in a heating furnace equipped with a blowing means. By using both drying with the heating rolls and hot air drying, it is possible to suppress abrupt temperature changes between the heating rolls, and it is easy to control shrinkage in the width direction.
- the hot air drying temperature is preferably about 30 to 100°C.
- the hot air drying time is preferably about 1 to 300 seconds.
- the method for producing a polarizing film of the present invention includes a step of laminating a transparent protective film via an adhesive layer to at least one surface of the polarizing film obtained by the method for producing a polarizing film described above.
- the transparent protective film is not particularly limited, and various transparent protective films used in polarizing films can be used.
- a material constituting the transparent protective film for example, a thermoplastic resin excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture blocking property, isotropy, etc. is used.
- thermoplastic resin examples include cellulose ester resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone resins, polysulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins such as nylon and aromatic polyamide, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene copolymers, (meth)acrylic resins, cyclic polyolefin resins (norbornene resins) having a cyclo or norbornene structure, polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and mixtures thereof.
- cellulose ester resins such as triacetyl cellulose
- polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- polyethersulfone resins polysulfone resins
- polysulfone resins polycarbonate resins
- the transparent protective film can be a cured layer formed from a thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curing resin such as a (meth)acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone resin.
- a thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curing resin such as a (meth)acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone resin.
- cellulose ester resins, polycarbonate resins, (meth)acrylic resins, cyclic polyolefin resins, and polyester resins are preferred.
- the thickness of the transparent protective film can be determined as appropriate, but generally, from the standpoint of strength, ease of handling, thinness, etc., it is preferably about 1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably about 1 to 300 ⁇ m, and even more preferably about 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the transparent protective films on both sides may be the same or different.
- the transparent protective film can be a retardation plate having a front retardation of 40 nm or more and/or a thickness retardation of 80 nm or more.
- the front retardation is usually controlled to be in the range of 40 to 200 nm
- the thickness retardation is usually controlled to be in the range of 80 to 300 nm.
- the retardation plate also functions as the transparent protective film, making it possible to reduce the thickness.
- the retardation plate may be, for example, a birefringent film made by uniaxially or biaxially stretching a polymer material, an oriented film of a liquid crystal polymer, or an oriented layer of a liquid crystal polymer supported by a film.
- a birefringent film made by uniaxially or biaxially stretching a polymer material, an oriented film of a liquid crystal polymer, or an oriented layer of a liquid crystal polymer supported by a film.
- There is no particular limit to the thickness of the retardation plate but it is generally about 20 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the retardation plate may be used by laminating it to a transparent protective film that does not have a phase difference.
- the transparent protective film may contain any suitable additives, such as ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, lubricants, plasticizers, release agents, color inhibitors, flame retardants, antistatic agents, pigments, and colorants.
- suitable additives such as ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, lubricants, plasticizers, release agents, color inhibitors, flame retardants, antistatic agents, pigments, and colorants.
- Functional layers such as a hard coat layer, an anti-reflection layer, an anti-sticking layer, a diffusion layer, and an anti-glare layer can be provided on the surface of the transparent protective film to which the polarizing film is not attached.
- the functional layers such as the hard coat layer, the anti-reflection layer, the anti-sticking layer, the diffusion layer, and the anti-glare layer can be provided on the protective film itself, or can be provided separately from the protective film.
- the polarizing film and the transparent protective film, or the polarizing film and the functional layer, are usually bonded together via a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
- various adhesives used in polarizing films can be used, such as rubber-based adhesives, acrylic-based adhesives, silicone-based adhesives, urethane-based adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether-based adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives, polyvinyl poloridone-based adhesives, polyacrylamide-based adhesives, cellulose-based adhesives, etc.
- acrylic-based adhesives are preferred.
- the adhesive layer can be formed, for example, by applying the adhesive to a separator or the like that has been subjected to a peeling treatment, drying to form an adhesive layer, and then transferring the adhesive to a polarizing film or the like, or by applying the adhesive to a polarizing film or the like, and drying to form an adhesive layer.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is, for example, about 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and preferably about 2 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the adhesive that forms the adhesive layer can be any of the various adhesives used in polarizing films, including, for example, isocyanate-based adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives, gelatin-based adhesives, vinyl latex-based adhesives, and water-based polyesters. These adhesives are usually used as aqueous solutions, and contain 0.5 to 60% by weight of solids.
- the adhesive may be an active energy ray curable adhesive such as an ultraviolet ray curable adhesive or an electron beam curable adhesive.
- An example of the active energy ray curable adhesive is a (meth)acrylate adhesive.
- the curable component in the (meth)acrylate adhesive include a compound having a (meth)acryloyl group and a compound having a vinyl group.
- Compounds having an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group may also be used as cationic polymerization curable adhesives.
- the compound having an epoxy group is not particularly limited as long as it has at least two epoxy groups in the molecule, and various commonly known curable epoxy compounds may be used.
- the adhesive may be applied to either the transparent protective film side (or the functional layer side) or the polarizing film side, or to both.
- a drying process is performed to form an adhesive layer consisting of a dried coating layer. After the drying process, ultraviolet rays or electron beams can be irradiated as necessary.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and when a water-based adhesive or the like is used, it is preferably about 30 to 5000 nm, and more preferably about 100 to 1000 nm, and when a UV-curable adhesive, an electron beam-curable adhesive, or the like is used, it is preferably about 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the transparent protective film and the polarizing film, or the polarizing film and the functional layer may be laminated via an intervening layer such as a surface modification layer, an easy-adhesive layer, a blocking layer, or a refractive index adjustment layer.
- an intervening layer such as a surface modification layer, an easy-adhesive layer, a blocking layer, or a refractive index adjustment layer.
- Examples of the surface modification treatment that forms the surface modification layer include corona treatment, plasma treatment, primer treatment, and saponification treatment.
- the adhesive that forms the easy-adhesion layer may be, for example, a forming material containing various resins having a polyester skeleton, a polyether skeleton, a polycarbonate skeleton, a polyurethane skeleton, a silicone-based skeleton, a polyamide skeleton, a polyimide skeleton, a polyvinyl alcohol skeleton, or the like.
- the easy-adhesion layer is usually provided in advance on the protective film, and the easy-adhesion layer side of the protective film and the polarizing film are laminated with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer.
- the blocking layer is a layer that has the function of preventing impurities such as oligomers and ions eluted from a transparent protective film from migrating (penetrating) into the polarizing film.
- the blocking layer may be any layer that is transparent and can prevent impurities from eluting from a transparent protective film, and examples of materials that form the blocking layer include urethane prepolymer-based forming materials, cyanoacrylate-based forming materials, and epoxy-based forming materials.
- the refractive index adjustment layer is a layer provided to suppress the decrease in transmittance caused by reflection between layers with different refractive indices, such as the transparent protective film and the polarizing film.
- refractive index adjustment materials that form the refractive index adjustment layer include forming agents that contain various resins and additives, such as silica-based, acrylic-based, acrylic-styrene-based, and melamine-based resins.
- the polarizing film preferably has a polarization degree of 99.98% or more, and more preferably has a polarization degree of 99.99% or more.
- Example 1 A polyvinyl alcohol film having an average degree of polymerization of 2,400, a degree of saponification of 99.9 mol%, and a thickness of 45 ⁇ m was prepared. The polyvinyl alcohol film was stretched 2.2 times in the conveying direction while swelling by immersing in a swelling bath (water bath) at 30° C.
- crosslinking bath aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 3.5% by weight, a potassium iodide concentration of 3.0% by weight, and a zinc sulfate concentration of 3.6% by weight
- crosslinking step aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 3.5% by weight, a potassium iodide concentration of 3.0% by weight, and a zinc sulfate concentration of 3.6% by weight
- stretching bath aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4.8% by weight, a potassium iodide concentration of 5.0% by weight, and a zinc sulfate concentration of 5.0% by weight
- a 29° C. washing bath potassium iodide concentration of 2.3% by weight
- the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film (thickness 18 ⁇ m) obtained after washing was coated with an aqueous solution of potassium iodide having a concentration of 4.0% by weight by gravure coating (conditions: honeycomb mesh pattern, 700 [lines/inch], cell volume 5 [cm 3 /m 2 ], gravure rotation speed ratio: 100%, the rotation direction of the gravure roll and the transport direction of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol film are opposite) to form a coating liquid film having a thickness of 0.81 ⁇ m. Then, it was dried at 40° C. for 30 seconds to prepare a polarizing film.
- ⁇ (A) Measurement method for coating liquid film> The thickness of the coating liquid film was measured using a spectroscopic interference film thickness meter immediately after the coating process. The measurement was performed within 1 to 2 seconds from coating.
- Coating unevenness ( ⁇ m) A-B
- the obtained stretched polyvinyl alcohol film and polarizing film were used to carry out the above-mentioned evaluations. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 10 to 13> A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having a moisture content shown in Table 1 and a liquid containing a water-soluble compound shown in Table 1 were used, the thickness of the coating liquid film was changed by adjusting the gravure rotation speed ratio and changing the cell volume of the gravure roll, and air was blown onto the coating surface at a wind speed of 2.5 m/s after coating of the liquid containing the water-soluble compound (impregnation promotion process was performed). The obtained stretched polyvinyl alcohol film and polarizing film were used to perform the above evaluations. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 14 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 5, except that a polyvinyl alcohol film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was used and the thickness of the coating liquid film was changed by adjusting the gravure rotation speed ratio and changing the cell capacity of the gravure roll. The obtained stretched polyvinyl alcohol film and polarizing film were used to carry out the above-mentioned evaluations. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 15 A polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 14, except that a stretched polyvinyl alcohol film having a moisture content shown in Table 1 and a liquid containing a water-soluble compound shown in Table 1 were used, and the thickness of the coating liquid film was changed by adjusting the gravure rotation speed ratio and changing the cell capacity of the gravure roll.
- the obtained stretched polyvinyl alcohol film and polarizing film were used to carry out the above-mentioned evaluations. The results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic resin substrate an amorphous isophthalic copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate film (thickness: 100 ⁇ m) having a long shape, a water absorption rate of 0.75%, and a Tg of about 75° C. was used.
- One side of the resin substrate was subjected to a corona treatment.
- the obtained laminate was uniaxially stretched at free ends 2.4 times in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) between rolls having different peripheral speeds in an oven at 130° C. (air-assisted stretching process).
- the laminate was immersed in an insolubilizing bath (aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4.0% by weight) at 40° C. for 30 seconds (insolubilizing treatment step).
- the laminate was immersed in a dyeing bath (an iodine aqueous solution obtained by mixing iodine and potassium iodide in a weight ratio of 1:7 with respect to 100 parts by weight of water) at 30° C.
- the laminate was immersed in a crosslinking bath (aqueous solution with a potassium iodide concentration of 3.0% by weight and a boric acid concentration of 5.0% by weight) at 40° C. for 30 seconds (crosslinking treatment step).
- a stretching bath boric acid concentration of 4.0% by weight
- the laminate was immersed in a washing bath (aqueous solution with a potassium iodide concentration of 4.0% by weight) at 20° C. to produce a laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol film containing water (washing process). Furthermore, the laminate obtained by washing was coated with an aqueous solution with a sodium chloride concentration of 5.0% by weight by gravure coating (conditions: honeycomb mesh pattern, 700 [lines/inch], cell volume 5 [cm 3 /m 2 ], gravure rotation speed ratio: 100%) in a state of a moisture content of 6.0% by weight, so that the thickness of the coating liquid film was 0.83 ⁇ m. Then, it was dried for 10 minutes in an oven maintained at 95° C. (drying process) to form a polarizing film with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m on the resin substrate.
- the above evaluation was performed using the obtained laminate of stretched polyvinyl alcohol film and polarizing film. The results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の偏光膜の製造方法は、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを長手方向に搬送しながら、少なくとも、延伸及び染色する工程を施した後に、洗浄する工程を施して、水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(I)と、得られた水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、当該延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの水分率がx重量%(40≧x≧1.1×延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚み(μm))である状態で、水溶性の化合物を含む液体を塗布する工程を施して、厚みが0.3μm以上2.2μm以下である塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(II)と、得られた塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、乾燥する工程を施して、偏光膜を製造する工程(III)を含む。
上記の水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(I)は、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを長手方向に搬送しながら、少なくとも、延伸及び染色する工程を施した後に、洗浄する工程を施して、水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する。また、上記の延伸及び染色する工程のほか、膨潤する工程や架橋する工程を施してもよい。
上記の塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(II)は、得られた水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、当該延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの水分率がx重量%(40≧x≧1.1×延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚み(μm))である状態で、水溶性の化合物を含む液体を塗布する工程を施して、厚みが0.3μm以上2.2μm以下である塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する。なお、上記の水溶性の化合物とは、25℃での水100gへの溶解性が、1g以上であるものという。また、上記の水溶性の化合物を含む液体は、水溶性の化合物を延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに含侵させるための液体であって、延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの洗浄を目的とする液体(洗浄液)ではない。
上記の偏光膜を製造する工程(III)は、得られた塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、乾燥する工程を施して、偏光膜を製造する。
偏光膜(薄型の偏光膜)の製造方法は、長尺状の熱可塑性樹脂基材の片側に、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層を形成して積層体を準備する工程(I-0)と、得られた積層体を長手方向に搬送しながら、前記積層体に、少なくとも、空中補助延伸処理工程、染色処理工程、及び水中延伸処理工程を施した後に、洗浄処理工程を施して、水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体を製造する工程(I-1)と、得られた水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体に、延伸されたポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層の水分率がx重量%(40≧x≧1.1×延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚み(μm))である状態で、水溶性の化合物を含む液体を塗布する工程を施して、厚みが0.3μm以上2.2μm以下である塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体を製造する工程(II-1)と、得られた塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体に、乾燥処理工程を施して、偏光膜を製造する工程(III-1)を含む。
上記の積層体を準備する工程(I-0)は、、長尺状の熱可塑性樹脂基材の片側に、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂を含むポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層を形成して積層体を準備する。
上記の水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体を製造する工程(I-1)は、得られた積層体を長手方向に搬送しながら、前記積層体に、少なくとも、空中補助延伸処理工程、染色処理工程、及び水中延伸処理工程を施した後に、洗浄処理工程を施して、水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体を製造する。
上記の塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体を製造する工程(II-1)は、得られた水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体に、延伸されたポリビニルアルコール系樹脂層の水分率がx重量%(40≧x≧1.1×延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚み(μm))である状態で、水溶性の化合物を含む液体を塗布する工程を施して、厚みが0.3μm以上2.2μm以下である塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体を製造する。当該工程(II-1)では、上述した塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(II)をすべて適用することができる。ただし、前記水溶性の化合物を含む液体は、延伸されたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの面に塗布(塗工)する。
上記の偏光膜を製造する工程(III-1)は、得られた塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの積層体に、乾燥処理工程を施して、偏光膜を製造する。当該工程(III-1)では、上述した偏光膜を製造する工程(III)をすべて適用することができる。
本発明の偏光フィルムの製造方法は、前記偏光膜の製造方法で得られた偏光膜の少なくとも片面に、接着剤層を介して透明保護フィルムを貼り合わせる工程を含む。
<実施例1>
平均重合度が2,400、ケン化度が99.9モル%、厚みが45μmであるポリビニルアルコールフィルムを用意した。ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、周速比の異なるロール間で、30℃の膨潤浴(水浴)中に30秒間浸漬して膨潤しながら搬送方向に2.2倍に延伸し(膨潤工程)、続いて、30℃の染色浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ素とヨウ化カリウムを1:7の重量比で配合して得られたヨウ素水溶液)中で、偏光膜が所定の透過率になるようにヨウ素濃度を調整しながら30秒間浸漬して染色しながら元のポリビニルアルコールフィルム(搬送方向に全く延伸していないポリビニルアルコールフィルム)を基準にして搬送方向に3.3倍に延伸した(染色工程)。次いで、染色したポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、40℃の架橋浴(ホウ酸濃度が3.5重量%、ヨウ化カリウム濃度が3.0重量%、硫酸亜鉛濃度が3.6重量%である水溶液)中で28秒間浸漬して元のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを基準にして搬送方向に3.6倍まで延伸した(架橋工程)。さらに、得られたポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、64℃の延伸浴(ホウ酸濃度が4.8重量%、ヨウ化カリウム濃度が5.0重量%、硫酸亜鉛濃度5.0重量%である水溶液)中で60秒間浸漬して元のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを基準にして搬送方向に6.0倍まで延伸した(延伸工程)後、29℃の洗浄浴(ヨウ化カリウム濃度が2.3重量%)中で10秒間浸漬した(洗浄工程)。さらに、洗浄して得られた延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム(厚みが18μm)を、水分率が20.5重量%の状態で、グラビア塗工(条件:ハニカムメッシュパターン、700[線/inch]、セル容積5[cm3/m2]、グラビア回転速度比:100%、グラビアロールの回転方向と、延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの搬送方向とが逆方向である)によって、ヨウ化カリウム濃度が4.0重量%の水溶液を、塗布液膜の厚みが0.81μmになるように塗布した。次いで、40℃で30秒間乾燥して偏光膜を作製した。
延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルムを約0.2g測り取り、120℃で2時間乾燥させ、乾燥後の重量を測定し、延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルムの水分率(W)を下記式に基づき算出した。
延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルムの水分率 W(重量%)={(M0―M1)/M0}×100
M0:測り取った延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム重量(g)
M1:120℃、2時間乾燥後の延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム重量(g)
上記塗布液膜は、塗布工程の直後に分光干渉膜厚計を用いて算出した。塗布から測定までは1~2秒の間で行った。
100×100mm内で6点、(A)に従って塗工厚みを算出し、下記式により塗工ムラを算出した。塗工ムラが0.1μm未満であるものが好ましい。
塗工ムラ(μm)=A-B
A:6点の内、最大の膜厚値(μm)
B:6点の内、最小の膜厚値(μm)
作製した偏光膜を観察し、ポラリオン社のポラリオンクリーンルームライトを用いて、下記に従って評価した。
析出あり:ポラリオンライトで照らした際に析出物が視認可能
析出なし:ポラリオンライトで照らした際に析出物が視認不可
表1に記載の水分率を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び表1に記載の水溶性の化合物を含む液体を用い、グラビア回転速度比の調整およびグラビアロールのセル容量を変更することで、塗布液膜の厚みを変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、偏光膜を作製した。得られた延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び偏光膜を用いて、上記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
表1に記載の水分率を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び表1に記載の水溶性の化合物を含む液体を用い、グラビア回転速度比の調整およびグラビアロールのセル容量を変更することで、塗布液膜の厚みを変更し、さらに、水溶性の化合物を含む液体の塗布後、風速2.5m/sの空気を塗布面に吹き付けた(含侵促進工程をした)こと以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行い、偏光膜を作製した。得られた延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び偏光膜を用いて、上記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
厚みが30μmであるポリビニルアルコールフィルムを用いたこと、グラビア回転速度比の調整およびグラビアロールのセル容量を変更することで、塗布液膜の厚みを変更したこと以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行い、偏光膜を作製した。得られた延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び偏光膜を用いて、上記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
表1に記載の水分率を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び表1に記載の水溶性の化合物を含む液体を用い、グラビア回転速度比の調整およびグラビアロールのセル容量を変更することで、塗布液膜の厚みを変更したこと以外は、実施例14と同様の操作を行い、偏光膜を作製した。得られた延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルム及び偏光膜を用いて、上記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
熱可塑性樹脂基材として、長尺状で、吸水率0.75%、Tg約75℃である、非晶質のイソフタル共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(厚み:100μm)を用いた。樹脂基材の片面に、コロナ処理を施した。ポリビニルアルコール(重合度4200、ケン化度99.2モル%)およびアセトアセチル変性PVA(日本合成化学工業社製、商品名「ゴーセファイマーZ410」)を9:1で混合したPVA系樹脂100重量部に、ヨウ化カリウム13重量部を添加し、PVA水溶液(塗布液)を調製した。樹脂基材のコロナ処理面に、上記PVA水溶液を塗布して60℃で乾燥することにより、厚み13μmのPVA系樹脂層を形成し、積層体を製造(準備)した。得られた積層体を、130℃のオーブン内で周速の異なるロール間で縦方向(長手方向)に2.4倍に自由端一軸延伸した(空中補助延伸処理工程)。次いで、積層体を、40℃の不溶化浴(ホウ酸濃度が4.0重量%である水溶液)に30秒間浸漬させた(不溶化処理工程)。次いで、30℃の染色浴(水100重量部に対して、ヨウ素とヨウ化カリウムを1:7の重量比で配合して得られたヨウ素水溶液)に、偏光膜が所定の透過率になるように濃度を調整しながら60秒間浸漬させた(染色処理工程)。次いで、40℃の架橋浴(ヨウ化カリウム濃度が3.0重量%、ホウ酸濃度が5.0重量%である水溶液)に30秒間浸漬させた(架橋処理工程)。その後、積層体を、70℃の延伸浴(ホウ酸濃度4.0重量%)に浸漬させながら、周速の異なるロール間で縦方向(長手方向)に総延伸倍率が5.5倍となるように一軸延伸を行った(水中延伸処理工程)。その後、積層体を20℃の洗浄浴(ヨウ化カリウム濃度が4.0重量%である水溶液)に浸漬させて、水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルムの積層体を製造した(洗浄処理工程)。さらに、洗浄して得られた積層体を、水分率が6.0重量%の状態で、グラビア塗工(条件:ハニカムメッシュパターン、700[線/inch]、セル容積5[cm3/m2]、グラビア回転速度比:100%)によって、塩化ナトリウム濃度が5.0重量%の水溶液を、塗布液膜の厚みが0.83μmになるように塗布した。次いで95℃に保たれたオーブン中で10分間乾燥(乾燥処理工程)を施し、樹脂基材上に厚み5μmの偏光膜を形成した。得られた延伸ポリビニルアルコールフィルムの積層体及び偏光膜を用いて、上記の評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (6)
- 偏光膜の製造方法であって、
ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを長手方向に搬送しながら、少なくとも、延伸及び染色する工程を施した後に、洗浄する工程を施して、水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(I)と、
得られた水を含有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、当該延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの水分率がx重量%(40≧x≧1.1×延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの厚み(μm))である状態で、水溶性の化合物を含む液体を塗布する工程を施して、厚みが0.3μm以上2.2μm以下である塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを製造する工程(II)と、
得られた塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、乾燥する工程を施して、偏光膜を製造する工程(III)を含むことを特徴とする偏光膜の製造方法。 - 前記工程(II)において、前記塗布液膜の塗工ムラが0.1μm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の偏光膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(III)において、得られた塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに、前記水溶性の化合物の含侵を促進する工程を施した後、乾燥する工程を施して、偏光膜を製造する工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の偏光膜の製造方法。
- 前記水溶性の化合物の含侵を促進する工程は、前記水溶性の化合物を含む液体を塗布する工程後に搬送された延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムが、次の搬送ロールに接触するまでに施される工程であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の偏光膜の製造方法。
- 前記工程(III)において、塗布液膜を有する延伸ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムに対し、塗布液膜の液切り工程を施さないことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の偏光膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の偏光膜の製造方法で得られた偏光膜の少なくとも片面に、接着剤層を介して透明保護フィルムを貼り合わせる工程を含むことを特徴とする偏光フィルムの製造方法。
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| JP2010128206A (ja) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-06-10 | Nitto Denko Corp | ヨウ素系偏光フィルム及びその製造方法 |
| WO2019103003A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-24 | 2019-05-31 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子の製造方法 |
| WO2020090197A1 (ja) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-05-07 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子の製造方法 |
| JP2021009203A (ja) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-01-28 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光子の製造方法及び偏光子の製造装置 |
| JP2021051300A (ja) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-04-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜の製造方法、および偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2021051299A (ja) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-04-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜の製造方法、および偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2021051298A (ja) * | 2019-09-20 | 2021-04-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 偏光膜の製造方法、および偏光フィルムの製造方法 |
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