WO2024256359A1 - Contacteur comportant un moteur electrique et un systeme collecteur-balais - Google Patents
Contacteur comportant un moteur electrique et un systeme collecteur-balais Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024256359A1 WO2024256359A1 PCT/EP2024/066004 EP2024066004W WO2024256359A1 WO 2024256359 A1 WO2024256359 A1 WO 2024256359A1 EP 2024066004 W EP2024066004 W EP 2024066004W WO 2024256359 A1 WO2024256359 A1 WO 2024256359A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- collector
- brushes
- conductive portion
- rotor
- pair
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H3/26—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
- H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
- H01H19/56—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying contacts, e.g. drum switch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
- H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
- H01H19/56—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying contacts, e.g. drum switch
- H01H19/58—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying contacts, e.g. drum switch having only axial contact pressure, e.g. disc switch, wafer switch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
- H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of contactors, in particular contactors which must operate in severe vibration environments.
- Electrical contactors generally consist of a lever or a blade allowing, depending on their position, electrical contact or electrical insulation, by the limited rotational movement of the lever.
- Other types of electrical contacts use the translation of two conductive parts.
- Other types of contact use the rotation of a selector bringing tracks into contact with blades, such as the rotary contactor described in French patent application FR 2407562.
- the invention aims to propose a contactor capable of operating in severe vibration environments without requiring a high power to switch the contacts.
- the invention proposes for this purpose a contactor comprising an electric motor and a collector-brush system.
- the motor is configured to be fixed to a frame and comprises a coaxial stator and rotor.
- the rotor is configured to be movable in rotation about an axis of rotation.
- the collector-brush system comprises: a collector assembled to the rotor of the electric motor, the collector having a cylindrical shape and comprising at least one conductive portion and at least one non-conductive portion; and a pair of brushes formed by two brushes, said brushes being configured to be fixed to the frame and each having a contact face configured to rub against the collector.
- a lateral surface of the collector comprises said at least one conductive portion and said at least one non-conductive portion of the collector.
- the collector is rotatable about the axis of rotation.
- the collector-brush system is configured to move between a conduction position in which the collector electrically connects the pair of brushes, and an interruption position in which the collector electrically isolates the pair of brushes.
- At least one conductive portion is in contact with the brushes and no non-conductive portion extends between the two brushes when the collector-brush system is in the conduction position, and a non-conductive portion is in contact with at least one of the brushes of the pair of brushes or a non-conductive portion extends between the two brushes of the pair of brushes when the collector-brush system is in the interruption position.
- the collector-brush system passes from the conduction position to the interruption position, and vice versa, by rotation of the collector around the axis of rotation under the action of the electric motor.
- the contactor thus obtained has reduced sensitivity to vibrations of its rotating configuration. Indeed, the symmetrical structure of the motor and in particular of its rotor, as well as the mounting of the collector on the rotor, make it possible to obtain a balanced contactor. This balancing prevents shocks or vibrations from moving the collector and in particular its contacts formed by the pairs of brushes.
- the same conductive portion is in contact with the two brushes of the brush pair when the collector-brush system is in the conduction position, and at at least one non-conductive portion is in contact with at least one brush of the brush pair when the collector-brush system is in the interrupted position.
- the collector comprises at least two conductive portions, an empty space separating two adjacent conductive portions and forming said at least one non-conductive portion, the adjacent conductive portions each being in contact with one of the brushes of the pair of brushes when the collector-brush system is in the interrupted position.
- the motor is a limited travel magnet motor.
- the contactor comprises a stop piece assembled to the frame, the stop piece comprising an assembly element configured to cooperate with a complementary assembly element formed in the rotor.
- the contactor comprises several pairs of brushes each formed by two brushes.
- FIG. 1 represents in perspective and in top view a contactor according to a first embodiment of the invention, the contactor being in a connected configuration
- FIG. 2 is a detailed view of a brush device of the contactor
- FIG. 3 represents in perspective and in top view the contactor in a disconnected configuration
- FIG. 4 schematically represents an electrical circuit of the contactor
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of a contactor according to a second embodiment of the invention
- Figure 6 shows a contactor according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- Figures 1 to 3 show a contactor 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- An electrical circuit of the contactor 1 is shown, schematically, in Figure 4.
- the contactor comprises an electric motor 2 and a collector-brush system 3.
- the contactor also includes a frame (not shown in the figures).
- the electric motor 2 constitutes the control part of the contactor.
- the motor 2 comprises a stator 200 and a rotor 201.
- the stator 200 constitutes the fixed part of the motor 2 and the rotor 201 the rotating part.
- the rotor 201 is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation X.
- the stator 200 and the rotor 201 are coaxial.
- the rotor 201 extends around the stator 200.
- the stator 200 can extend around the rotor 201.
- the motor further comprises an interface part 203.
- the interface part 203 is configured to be fixed to the frame of the contactor 1.
- the interface part 203 is here fixed to one end 204 of the stator 200.
- the motor 2 is for example of the permanent magnet type with limited travel.
- the limited travel motor comprises a single winding. Supplying the winding with direct current, in the positive direction, makes it possible to rotate the motor in a given direction of rotation. Supplying the winding with direct current, in the negative direction, makes it possible to rotate the motor in the opposite direction.
- the use of a magnet motor is also advantageous in that the motor is inherently balanced.
- the motor is more balanced when the magnets are identically offset from each other.
- the motor comprises two windings in phase opposition. The supply of a first of said windings by a positive direct current allows for example rotation in a first direction, and the supply of a second of said windings by a positive direct current allows rotation of the motor in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
- one or both windings of the motor are connected in series with an anti-polarity reversal diode. This makes it possible to avoid connection or control order errors.
- the brush-collector system 3 constitutes the electrical contact part of the contactor.
- the collector-brush system 3 comprises a collector 300 and a brush device 301.
- the collector 300 has a cylindrical shape.
- the collector 300 here has an annular shape.
- the collector 300 comprises at least one conductive portion 302 and at least one non-conductive portion 303.
- the collector comprises several conductive portions 302 and non-conductive portions 303.
- the collector 300 comprises an alternation of conductive portions 302 and non-conductive portions 303.
- any conductive portion 302 is circumferentially adjacent to a non-conductive portion 303.
- the conductive portions 302 are hatched in FIGS. 1 to 3 and 6.
- the conductive portions 302 are inserted into an insulating support.
- the parts of the insulating support extending between the conductive portions 302 form the non-conductive portions 303.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 may be completely separate.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 form the periphery of the collector 300. In other words, faces of the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 form a lateral surface of the collector 300.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 here have the same shape.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 are here blades.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 have a rectangular shape.
- the conductive portions 302 are here narrower than the non-conductive portions 303.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 may have a different shape and/or dimensions.
- the conductive portions 302 and the non-conductive portions 303 may be rectangular blades of the same width.
- the conductive portions 302 can be made of any electrically conductive material, for example metal such as copper.
- the non-conductive portions 303 can be made of any insulating material, for example plastic material.
- the non-conductive portions 303 may also be formed by an empty space separating conductive portions.
- the air in the empty space provides electrical insulation between the conductive portions 302.
- the empty space is formed by splitting a conductive blade in two, as shown in FIG. 5 and detailed below in relation to this figure.
- the empty space may extend in place of the non-conductive portions 303 materially shown in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the collector 300 is assembled to the rotor 201 of the electric motor 2.
- the collector 300 is movable in rotation around the axis of rotation X.
- the collector 300 is actuated by the motor 2.
- the rotation of the rotor 201 in one direction causes the rotation of the collector 300 in the same direction.
- the rotor 201 constitutes an external armature and the stator 200 constitutes an internal armature of the motor 2.
- the collector 300 is mounted on a lateral surface of the rotor 201. In other words, the collector 300 is mounted around the motor 2. This makes it possible to limit the height of the contactor 1, i.e. say the dimension of the contactor 1 according to the direction of the axis of rotation X. The contactor thus obtained is compact.
- the commutator 300 may be assembled to the rotor 201 otherwise.
- the commutator 300 may be mounted on an output shaft 205 of the motor 2, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the brush device 301 comprises at least one pair of brushes 304 (clearly visible in FIG. 2).
- Each pair of brushes 304 is connected to an input and an output of the contactor 1.
- Each brush 304 comprises a contact face 305.
- the contact face 305 of the brush 304 is configured to rub against the collector 300.
- the pair of brushes 304 constitutes a contact of the contactor 1.
- the contactor 1 may comprise several pairs of brushes 304 making it possible to switch several lines with the same collector 300. Eight pairs of brushes (i.e. sixteen brushes) are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but of course the brush device may comprise a different number of brushes. The number of pairs of brushes depends on the desired number of contacts.
- the brushes 304 are made for example from carbon.
- the brush device 301 also comprises at least one brush holder 306 and a support 307.
- the brush device 301 here comprises eight brush holders 306.
- Each brush holder 306 can accommodate a pair of brushes 304.
- the brush holder 306 comprises two cages 308.
- Each cage 308 is configured to receive one of the brushes 304.
- the brush holder 306 is mounted on the support 307.
- the support 307 has an annular shape.
- the support 307 extends around the collector 300.
- the support 307 is orthogonal to the axis of rotation X.
- the support 307 comprises an electrically conductive plate, for example made of steel.
- the cages 308 may be arranged circumferentially next to each other. Each pair of brushes 304 is next to each other around the collector 300.
- the cages 308 may be arranged on the same side of the support 307.
- Each cage 308 receives at least one spring (not shown).
- the spring is configured to push the brush 304 against the collector 300.
- the spring permanently exerts a force on the brush tending to push the brush against the collector. Good contact of the brushes with the collector is thus ensured.
- the brushes 304 are said to be preloaded.
- the brushes 304 remain in contact even in the presence of shocks, vibrations, or accelerations.
- the collector-brush system being used in applications operating in prolonged rotation at relatively high speeds (of the order of 50 m/s), the friction torque of the brushes on the collector will remain relatively low.
- the brush device 301 is configured to be fixed to the frame (not shown) of the contactor 1.
- the contactor 1 further comprises at least one stop piece 4.
- the stop piece 4 is configured to limit the rotation of the motor 2.
- the stop piece 4 is assembled on the one hand to the frame (not shown) and on the other hand to the rotor 201.
- the stop piece 4 comprises an assembly element 401 configured to cooperate with a complementary assembly element 202 formed in the rotor.
- the assembly element 401 is a finger.
- the complementary assembly element 202 is a notch.
- the notch 202 is configured to receive the finger 401.
- the finger 401 is configured to move in the notch.
- the assembly element may be a notch and the complementary assembly element a finger.
- the stop piece 4 here comprises a plate 402 orthogonally extending the assembly element 401.
- the plate 402 comprises a hole 400.
- the hole 400 has an oblong shape.
- the plate 402 allows the stop piece 4 to be fixed to the frame.
- the stop piece is for example fixed to the frame by means of a screw inserted into the hole 400.
- the oblong shape of the hole 400 allows the position of the stop piece 4 to be adjusted relative to the frame.
- the contactor 1 here comprises a stop piece 4. Alternatively, the contactor 1 can of course comprise several stop pieces 4.
- the rotor 201 may comprise several notches 202.
- One or more of the notches 202 may be configured to cooperate with one or more of the stop pieces 4.
- the number of stop pieces 4 and notch 202 may be the same.
- Each stop piece 4 is then configured to cooperate with one of the notches 202.
- the number of notches 202 may be greater than the number of stop pieces 4.
- the stop piece(s) is(are) each configured to cooperate with one of the notches 202.
- the additional notches 202 i.e. in addition to the number of stop pieces 4, make it possible to minimize the unbalance on the rotor.
- the action of shocks, vibrations, or accelerations on the rotor and the commutator will create a negligible resulting torque that can be largely compensated by the restraining torque of the motor.
- the commutator will not move even in the presence of shocks, vibrations, or accelerations.
- the notches 202 can be made symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation X.
- the rotor 201 can for example comprise three notches 202 each placed at 120° with respect to each other.
- the rotor 201 comprises three notches 202 and the contactor 1 comprises a stop piece 4.
- the stop piece(s) 4 are positioned so as to limit the rotation of the limited travel motor over an operational range of the contactor.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the contactor 1 according to the invention.
- the collector comprises whole blades 302 and split blades 309.
- the whole blades form the conductive portions 302.
- the split blades 309 comprise two parts 310.
- the two parts 310 are for example made of the same material as the conductive portions 302. In other words, the parts 310 are individually conductive portions.
- Each split blade 309 further comprises an empty space 311 between the two parts 310.
- the empty space 311 constitutes an electrical insulator.
- the empty space 311 constitutes a non-conductive portion 303.
- the collector may comprise several conductive portions separated from each other by an empty space.
- the adjacent conductive portions may have different dimensions.
- the adjacent conductive portions are, for example, blades of different width.
- the brushes may be arranged circumferentially around the collector.
- the collector-brush system 3 is movable between a conduction position and an interruption position. In the conduction position, the collector 300 electrically connects the pair of brushes 304. The contact is thus closed. In the interruption position, the collector 300 electrically isolates the pair of brushes 304. The contact is thus open.
- the collector-brush system 3 passes from the conduction position to the interruption position, and vice versa, by rotation of the collector 300 around the axis of rotation X under the action of the electric motor 2.
- the collector-brush system 3 can pass from the conduction position to the interruption position by rotation of the collector 300 in a first direction of rotation, and from the interruption position to the conduction position, by rotation of the collector 300 in a second direction of rotation opposite to said first direction of rotation.
- the collector-brush system 3 has several conduction positions and interruption positions. More precisely, the collector-brush system 3 has at least one conduction position and at least one interruption position associated with each pair of brushes 304. [0077] In the conduction position, the pair of brushes 304 rubs against a conductive portion 302, as visible in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the interruption position depends on the construction of the collector 300.
- the collector is in the interruption position when a non-conductive portion 303 is opposite the pair of brushes 304.
- the collector-brush system 3 is in the interruption position.
- the collector in the interruption position is shown in FIG.
- the collector-brush system is in the interrupted position when the brushes of the pair are each in contact with one of the conductive portions 302, the conductive portions 302 being insulated from each other.
- the conductive portions 302 may be insulated from each other by the presence of an insulating material or an empty space.
- the collector-brush system is in the interrupted position when a conductive portion is in contact with a brush of the pair and a non-conductive portion is in contact with the other brush of the pair.
- the collector-brush system is in the conduction position when the two brushes 304 of the pair are in contact with an entire blade 302.
- the collector-brush system is in the interruption position when each brush 304 is in contact with a part 310 of the split blade 309.
- the collector-brush system is in the conduction position when the two brushes of the pair are in contact with the same conductive portion.
- the collector-brush system is in the interruption position when each brush of the pair is in contact with a different conductive portion.
- the contactor 1 is configured to take a connected configuration and a disconnected configuration.
- the collector-brush system 3 In the connected configuration, the collector-brush system 3 is in the conduction position. The contact formed by the pair of brushes 304 and the collector 300 is thus in the closed state.
- the collector-brush system 3 In the disconnected configuration, the collector-brush system 3 is in the interrupted position. The contact formed by the pair of brushes 304 and the collector 300 is thus in the open state.
- the contactor 1 passes from the connected configuration to the disconnected configuration, and vice versa, by rotation of the collector 300 around the axis of rotation X under the action of the electric motor.
- the electric motor 2 constitutes the control part of the contactor 1.
- the winding(s) constitute the control circuit of the contactor 1.
- the power supply of the electric motor makes it possible to rotate the collector in order to create an open or closed contact between the brushes 304.
- the stop piece 4 can be positioned so as to limit the rotation of the motor 2 and therefore of the collector-brush system 3 between the conduction and interruption positions.
- the motor 2 is a magnet motor, it can be configured to obtain a retaining torque of the magnets at the positions of the stop piece(s) 4. This allows it to be maintained in the conduction or interruption position even when the motor 2 is not electrically powered.
- the contactor according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in severe vibration environments, in particular thanks to its balancing.
- the contactor also requires low power to open or close the contact(s).
Landscapes
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202480039088.XA CN121548873A (zh) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-11 | 包括电动机和换向器-电刷系统的接触器 |
| EP24731604.5A EP4728543A1 (fr) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-11 | Contacteur comportant un moteur electrique et un systeme collecteur-balais |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2306052A FR3150057A1 (fr) | 2023-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Contacteur comportant un moteur électrique et un système collecteur-balais |
| FRFR2306052 | 2023-06-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256359A1 true WO2024256359A1 (fr) | 2024-12-19 |
Family
ID=88207392
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/066004 Ceased WO2024256359A1 (fr) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-11 | Contacteur comportant un moteur electrique et un systeme collecteur-balais |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4728543A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121548873A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3150057A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256359A1 (fr) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2756293A (en) * | 1953-01-19 | 1956-07-24 | Minster Machine Co | Rotary switch |
| US3011041A (en) * | 1958-09-30 | 1961-11-28 | Unison Products Company Inc | Precision switch and method of construction |
| US3632912A (en) * | 1969-12-01 | 1972-01-04 | Casper W Heinrich | Timing switching mechanism with adjustable program sleeve for drum actuator |
| FR2407562A1 (fr) | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-25 | Sev Marchal | Contacteur rotatif perfectionne |
-
2023
- 2023-06-14 FR FR2306052A patent/FR3150057A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-06-11 WO PCT/EP2024/066004 patent/WO2024256359A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-06-11 CN CN202480039088.XA patent/CN121548873A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-11 EP EP24731604.5A patent/EP4728543A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2756293A (en) * | 1953-01-19 | 1956-07-24 | Minster Machine Co | Rotary switch |
| US3011041A (en) * | 1958-09-30 | 1961-11-28 | Unison Products Company Inc | Precision switch and method of construction |
| US3632912A (en) * | 1969-12-01 | 1972-01-04 | Casper W Heinrich | Timing switching mechanism with adjustable program sleeve for drum actuator |
| FR2407562A1 (fr) | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-25 | Sev Marchal | Contacteur rotatif perfectionne |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4728543A1 (fr) | 2026-04-22 |
| FR3150057A1 (fr) | 2024-12-20 |
| CN121548873A (zh) | 2026-02-17 |
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