WO2024256201A1 - Verfahren zur einarbeitung von temperierhohlstrukturen in ein substrat, insbesondere in ein substrat für ein optisches element, verfahren und substrat zur herstellung eines optischen elements, optisches element sowie anlage der halbleitertechnologie und strukturiertes elektronisches bauelement - Google Patents
Verfahren zur einarbeitung von temperierhohlstrukturen in ein substrat, insbesondere in ein substrat für ein optisches element, verfahren und substrat zur herstellung eines optischen elements, optisches element sowie anlage der halbleitertechnologie und strukturiertes elektronisches bauelement Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024256201A1 WO2024256201A1 PCT/EP2024/065181 EP2024065181W WO2024256201A1 WO 2024256201 A1 WO2024256201 A1 WO 2024256201A1 EP 2024065181 W EP2024065181 W EP 2024065181W WO 2024256201 A1 WO2024256201 A1 WO 2024256201A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/55—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for creating voids inside the workpiece, e.g. for forming flow passages or flow patterns
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/181—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
- G02B7/1815—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation with cooling or heating systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9501—Semiconductor wafers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0891—Ultraviolet [UV] mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
- G03F1/22—Masks or mask blanks for imaging by radiation of 100nm or shorter wavelength, e.g. X-ray masks, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] masks; Preparation thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70233—Optical aspects of catoptric systems, i.e. comprising only reflective elements, e.g. extreme ultraviolet [EUV] projection systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70316—Details of optical elements, e.g. of Bragg reflectors, extreme ultraviolet [EUV] multilayer or bilayer mirrors or diffractive optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/70858—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature
- G03F7/70883—Environment aspects, e.g. pressure of beam-path gas, temperature of optical system
- G03F7/70891—Temperature
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/7095—Materials, e.g. materials for housing, stage or other support having particular properties, e.g. weight, strength, conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
- G03F7/70958—Optical materials or coatings, e.g. with particular transmittance, reflectance or anti-reflection properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
- B23K2103/54—Glass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
- G01N2021/95676—Masks, reticles, shadow masks
Definitions
- Method for incorporating hollow tempering structures into a substrate in particular into a substrate for an optical element, method and substrate for producing an optical element, optical element and installation of the
- the invention relates to a method for incorporating hollow tempering structures into a substrate, in particular into a substrate for an optical element, in particular for a mirror for an EUV projection exposure system, comprising the following steps:
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an optical element, in particular for the production of a mirror for an EUV projection exposure system.
- the invention relates to a substrate for producing an optical element, in particular for producing a mirror for an EUV projection exposure system, wherein the substrate has tempering hollow structures, as well as an optical element, in particular a mirror for an EUV projection exposure system with a substrate, as well as a semiconductor technology system and a structured electronic component.
- the following description of the invention is based on an optical element in the form of a mirror and its use in an EUV projection exposure system, wherein heat is dissipated from the mirror by flowing a tempering fluid in the form of a cooling fluid through its existing tempering hollow structures.
- optical elements are used in semiconductor technology systems in which an object is irradiated with working radiation using one or more optical elements.
- mask inspection systems and wafer inspection systems in particular are among such systems for semiconductor technology.
- tempering can be a cooling or heating of the optical element or at least a region of the optical element. This means that the optical element as a whole or at least in a volume region is brought to a temperature that it did not previously have with the help of the tempering fluid.
- tempering can also lead to a certain temperature or a certain temperature range of the optical element or at least a region of the optical element being maintained or remaining there.
- a corresponding substrate which carries or can carry one or more functional units and into which tempering hollow structures are incorporated, through which a tempering fluid can flow for tempering during operation of the component.
- Such a component can, for example, provide a sensor device; in this case, the substrate carries sensor units as functional units.
- Microlithographic projection exposure systems are used in chip production to transfer structures on a mask onto a photoresist that was previously applied to a wafer. To do this, the mask is illuminated with light and reduced in size and imaged onto the light-sensitive layer.
- the light In EUV projection exposure systems, the light has a wavelength between approx. 5 nm and approx. 30 nm; the commercially available systems use light with a wavelength of 13.5 nm.
- the substrate consists of a substrate material, which is usually glass, e.g. quartz glass, titanium-doped quartz glass such as ULE®, or a glass ceramic.
- a substrate material which is usually glass, e.g. quartz glass, titanium-doped quartz glass such as ULE®, or a glass ceramic.
- Suitable glass ceramics are offered under the trade names Clearceram® or Zerodur® and have the property of having a very low coefficient of thermal expansion at the operating temperature of the mirror.
- a coating is applied to the substrate that reflects the EUV light and consists of a multitude of thin double layers with varying refractive indices.
- the reflectivity of the mirrors for EUV light is rarely more than 70%, and even then only for light that hits the reflective coating perpendicularly or at angles of incidence of a few degrees.
- the portion of the EUV light not reflected by the coating is absorbed in the substrate and leads to considerable heating there, since the EUV light sources used are very powerful. Even if glass ceramics with low thermal expansion coefficients are used, the heating can lead to intolerable changes in the shape of the mirrors.
- tempering structures which in this case are hollow cooling structures, with particular tempering channels being provided in the form of cooling channels through which water or another tempering fluid, ie here a cooling fluid, flows during operation and thus dissipates heat.
- Such tempering channels can have small cross-sectional diameters in the order of only about 1 mm 2 and ideally run just below the reflective coating.
- modified substrate material is created adjacent to the removal locations, i.e. adjacent to and not at the focus points of the light beam, which has a higher susceptibility to a chemically active treatment medium compared to unprocessed substrate material. In particular, there is a higher susceptibility to etching.
- the modified substrate material forms the intermediate layer mentioned above and the material-free areas created by removal form the intermediate hollow structure mentioned above, so that a corresponding intermediate structure is formed.
- the modified substrate material is created in this process in particular by absorption of the high-energy ablation light beam and by thermal diffusion of the resulting process heat from the ablation sites, whereby it is There are no defined indications of the extent to which the modified material will be created.
- a laser experts refer to an area with modified substrate material as a so-called Laser Affected Zone, or LAZ for short.
- the modified substrate material can also differ from the substrate material of the substrate in terms of density, thermal expansion coefficient and the material stresses present, among other things.
- the modified substrate material must be removed; in the known method, the modified substrate material is etched away in a subsequent process step using an etchant such as hydrofluoric acid HF or potassium hydroxide KOH; after this, the desired tempering cavity structure is formed. This means that the modified substrate material ultimately defines the cross sections in the course of the tempering cavity structure to be created.
- the process speed for the formation of the desired tempering cavity structure is limited in particular by the rate of removal; the substrate material is removed over almost the entire cross-section of the desired tempering cavity structure and the modified substrate material is usually only created with a small layer thickness.
- fluctuations in the material structure of the substrate material for example due to areas with different refractive indices/different transmission or due to the formation of thermal lenses, can lead to fluctuations in the material removal, which in turn can lead to undesirable deviations in the cross-section of the tempering cavity structures and roughness on their lateral surfaces.
- the modified substrate material is created largely unpredictably in the known method, the modified substrate material is created in a targeted manner according to the invention using a modification light beam. This means that the cross-sectional profile of the tempering hollow structures can be planned with high precision.
- the method enables a first process route (P1) or a second process route (P2) to be carried out, wherein
- step (B.1) is carried out in a first process step (P1-S1) and step (B.2) is carried out in a second process step (P1-S2); and in the second process route (P2), step (B.2) is carried out in a first process step (P2-S1) and step (B.1) is carried out in a second process step (P2-S2).
- the order of modification and query can therefore be optional.
- first process route (P1) is carried out, it is advantageous if in its first process step (P1-S1) material structures are produced by step (B.1) which comprise modified substrate material; and in its second process step (P1-S2) material is removed by step (B.2) such that the intermediate hollow structure is produced and modified substrate material of the material structure is left for the intermediate layer.
- the volume here is reduced by the proportion defined by the modified substrate material left standing. This means that less time is required to query the material.
- the method again advantageously opens up two alternative procedures, since in the first process step (P1 -S1) of the first process route (P1) the step (B.1) can be carried out in such a way that material structures of a first type or material structures of a second type are produced, whereby
- the modified substrate material is produced to fill the cross-section
- modified substrate material is produced in such a way that a core region of substrate material remains which is at least partially delimited by modified substrate material.
- step (B.2) is then carried out in the second process step (P1 -S2) of the first process route (P1), modified substrate material in the case of material structures of the first type and the substrate material of the core region in the case of material structures of the second type can be removed in such a way that the intermediate hollow structure is produced and the intermediate layer is formed by the modified substrate material of the material structure that is left standing.
- the second process route (P2) it is advantageous if in its first process step (P2-S1) through step (B.2) substrate material of the substrate is removed such that the intermediate hollow structure is produced; and in its second process step (P2-S2) through step (B.1) the intermediate layer is produced from modified material so that the intermediate structure is created.
- the intermediate hollow structure is preferably filled with an auxiliary liquid in the second process step (P2-S2) of the second process route (P2) so that it is filled with the auxiliary liquid when step (B.1) is carried out.
- the auxiliary liquid is preferably kept as a standing liquid volume.
- an auxiliary liquid is used for this purpose whose refractive index m at the wavelength of the modification light beam matches the refractive index nM of the substrate material at the same wavelength with a tolerance of less than 20%, preferably with a tolerance of less than 10%, more preferably with a tolerance of less than 5% and particularly preferably with a tolerance of less than 1% based on the refractive index nM of the substrate material.
- ablation sites are exposed to a flushing fluid while step (B.2) is being carried out, thereby flushing away material ablated by the ablation light beam.
- the treatment medium flows through the intermediate hollow structure in step (C) at least temporarily, preferably continuously.
- the intermediate hollow structure is preferably produced in such a way that it extends between two openings in the substrate.
- the chemically active treatment medium is an etching medium, an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent.
- the etching, oxidative or reductive effect can also be present in combination.
- the chemically active treatment medium is an etching medium by means of which the intermediate layer is removed from the modified substrate material by an etching process in step (C).
- tempering hollow structures are incorporated into a substrate according to the method explained above and further processing comprises one or more steps of chemical and/or physical processing of at least one surface of the substrate and the production or application of a coating to the substrate which is at least designed to reflect at least 50% of EUV light incident vertically or almost vertically.
- At least one tempering hollow structure defines an inner surface which, at least in some regions, has an average roughness value Ra according to DIN EN ISO 25178, as of 04/2023, between 10.0 pm and 5.0 pm, which can in particular be between 10.0 pm and 6.5 pm, between 10.0 pm and 8.0 pm, between 8.5 pm and 5.0 pm, between 7.0 pm and 5.0 pm or between 8.5 pm and 6.5 pm, or which, at least in some regions, has an average roughness value Ra of 5.0 pm and less, which can in particular be between 5.0 pm and 0.1 pm, preferably between 4.5 pm and 0.125 pm, between 4.0 pm and 0.15 pm, between 3.5 pm and 0.175 pm or between 3.0 pm and 0.2 pm.
- a substrate of the type mentioned at the outset in which at least one tempering hollow structure defines an inner surface which has a surface topography whose geometric shape results from an at least regional superposition of countersunk structures which extend into a substrate material of the substrate.
- one or more countersunk structures are segments of bodies that are point-symmetric or at least axisymmetric.
- the surface topography defines adjacent depression areas between which peripheral areas, in particular linear peripheral areas, run.
- One or more countersunk areas can be axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric.
- an axisymmetric countersunk area follows a section of the outer surface of a spherical segment, an ellipsoidal segment or a paraboloid.
- a tempering hollow structure is advantageously a tempering channel which has one or more of the following features: a) the tempering channel has a diameter between 0.5 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm; b) the tempering channel has a length of at least 10 cm, at least 15 cm or at least 20 cm.
- the tempering channel is curved or has at least one curved section; d) the tempering channel has a section which follows the curvature of a support surface for a coating of the substrate; e) the tempering channel has a strongly curved section which has an angle of curvature between 60° and 120°, in particular between 80° and 100°, preferably of approximately 90°; f) the tempering channel has a strongly curved section which has a curvature angle between 60° and 120°, in particular between 80° and 100°, preferably of approximately 90° and follows an arc; g) the tempering channel has a strongly curved section which has a curvature angle between 60° and 120°, in particular between 80° and 100°, preferably of approximately 90° and follows an arc and defines an outer radius of curvature R and a diameter D, wherein a ratio R/D of the radius of curvature R to the Diameter D is between 2 and 6, preferably between 2.5 and 5 and particularly preferably between 2.5 and 3.5; h) the
- a reliable guarantee of good flow properties is also achieved according to the invention in a substrate of the type mentioned at the outset, which defines a carrier surface for a coating, in that the fit of the carrier surface changes by less than 100 pm, in particular by less than 50 pm and further in particular by less than 25 pm over a service life of the substrate of up to 10 years, at least up to five years and at least up to two years.
- tempering hollow structures are incorporated into the substrate according to the method explained above.
- the fit of the optical element advantageously changes by less than 100 pm, in particular by less than 50 pm and further in particular by less than 25 pm over a lifetime of the optical element of up to 10 years, at least up to five years and at least up to two years.
- the substrate has a carrier surface which carries a coating which is at least designed to reflect at least 50% of EUV light incident vertically or almost vertically.
- optical element The above-mentioned properties of the optical element are advantageously combined.
- the task is solved by such an optical element,
- Figure 1 schematically shows a section of an optical element in the form of a mirror for an EUV projection exposure system, which has tempering hollow structures in the form of tempering channels through which a cooling fluid flows by means of a cooling system;
- Figure 2 shows a modification processing system by means of which modified substrate material is produced at the modification sites by successively focusing a modification light beam on modification sites along a first process route, wherein material structures made of modified substrate material are incorporated into the substrate;
- Figure 3A shows the section III A according to Figure 2 on a larger scale, incorporating material structures of a first type which fill the cross-section;
- Figure 3B shows a section along the line III B-III B in Figure 3A;
- Figure 4 shows the substrate with incorporated material structures of the first type
- Figures 5A and 5B show the sections V A and V B in Figure 4 on a larger scale
- Figure 6A shows a section corresponding to the section according to Figure 3A, in which material structures of a second type are incorporated, in which in cross-section a core area of substrate material remains;
- Figure 6B shows a section along the section line VI B-Vl B in Figure 6A:
- Figure 7 shows sections corresponding to the sections according to Figures 5A and 5B with the material structures of the second type
- Figure 8 shows an ablation processing system by means of which material is removed at the ablation sites in the substrate by successively focusing an ablation light beam on ablation sites, whereby intermediate hollow structures are created in the material structures from modified substrate material;
- Figure 9A shows section IX A according to Figure 8 on a larger scale
- Figure 9B is a section along the line IX B-IX B in Figure 9A;
- Figures 11 A and 11 B show sections XI A and XI B in Figure 10 on a larger scale
- Figure 12 shows the ablation processing system of Figure 8, wherein intermediate hollow structures are created in the substrate material via a second process route;
- Figure 13A shows section XIII A according to Figure 12 on a larger scale
- Figure 13B is a section along the line XIII B-Xlll B in Figure 13A;
- Figure 14 the substrate with incorporated intermediate hollow structures
- Figures 15A and 15B show the sections XV A and XV B in Figure 14 on a larger scale
- Figure 16 shows a modified modification processing system according to Figure 2 with a device for introducing an auxiliary liquid into the intermediate hollow structures;
- Figure 17A shows detail XVII A in Figure 16 on a larger scale
- Figure 17B shows the section along the line XVII B-XVII B in Figure 17A;
- Figure 18 shows an etching processing system with which an etching medium can be introduced into the intermediate hollow structures of the intermediate structures
- Figures 19A and 19B show the sections XIX A and XIX B in Figure 18 on a larger scale
- Figures 20A and 20B show sections corresponding to Figures 19A and 19B after completion of the etching process
- Figure 21 shows an illustration of the possibility of correcting irregularities in the intermediate hollow structures
- Figure 22 shows a substrate for an EUV mirror, into which tempering hollow structures were incorporated by the first or second process route
- Figure 23A is a topography image of a surface area of a tempering cavity structure
- Figure 23B shows a section to illustrate an achieved mean roughness value Ra
- Figure 24 shows schematically a longitudinal section of a tempering cavity structure
- Figure 25 shows detail XXV in Figure 22 on an enlarged scale
- Figure 26A is a passes-image of a substrate with intermediate structures before an etching process
- Figure 26B is a passes-image of this substrate with preserved tempering cavity structures after an etching process
- Figure 26C is a differential view of the images in Figures 26A and 26B;
- Figure 27 shows a schematic of a semiconductor technology system using the example of an EUV projection exposure system. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- a semiconductor technology system explained at the outset is generally designated 6 and a section of an optical element designated 8 in total is shown, which is illustrated by way of example as a mirror 10 for an EUV projection exposure system.
- the mirror 10 can be arranged there in the illumination system or in the projection lens.
- the optical element 8 and thus the mirror 10 comprises a substrate 12 made of a substrate material 12a, which in the present embodiment of the mirror 10 is therefore a mirror substrate.
- a mirror substrate is in particular a titanium-doped quartz glass.
- the substrate 12 is monolithic, which is also the preferred embodiment.
- the substrate 12 can also be assembled from partial segments.
- additive manufacturing methods are suitable in this case.
- 3D printing processes are just as possible as laser welding processes or techniques for thermally bonding workpieces.
- the substrate 12 has a precisely machined surface 14, the curvature of which determines the optical properties of the mirror 10.
- the surface 14 of the substrate 12 serves as a carrier surface and is also referred to as such below.
- the carrier surface 14 bears a coating 16, which, among other things, ensures the optical properties of the optical element 8.
- the coating 16 is designed in such a way that it predominantly reflects incident EUV light 18. As illustrated in the enlarged section A, this coating 16 is multi-layered in the present embodiment and in particular is made up of several double layers 20 that have been applied to the carrier surface 14.
- the coating 16 has a reflection coefficient of at least 50%, preferably more than 70%, for vertically incident EUV light 18. The degree of reflection achieved during operation depends on the angle of incidence of the EUV light 18.
- the coating 16 can also comprise further layers which do not contribute to reflection, but possibly to stabilization and/or protection of the coating 16 or the optical element 8 or the mirror 10. For example, this can establish protection against components of a hydrogen plasma.
- Such further layers can be provided between the double layers 20 in the interior of the coating 16, between the double layers 20 and the carrier surface 14 and/or on the side of the double layers 20 remote from the carrier surface 14.
- the coating 16 can also be formed by modifying the outer surface of the substrate 12 by processing and/or treatment.
- the coating 16 is therefore not a specially applied coating, but rather defines a layer of the substrate 12 as such; the surface underneath as a transition to the substrate material 12a is then the carrier surface 14.
- the non-reflected portion enters the substrate 12 and is absorbed there, predominantly in the vicinity of the support surface 14.
- the substrate 12 heats up primarily in the vicinity of the areas of the support surface 14 that are exposed to the EUV light 18. Since the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate material 12a is not identical to zero and is also itself temperature-dependent, the heating can lead to changes in the shape of the substrate 12, which affect the optical properties of the mirror 10. In relation to optical elements 8, generally speaking, temperature changes in the substrate 12 can affect the optical properties of the optical element 8.
- tempering hollow structures 22 are incorporated into the substrate 12.
- these tempering hollow structures 22 are flowed through by a tempering fluid in the form of a cooling fluid 24, whereby cooling water is used in practice; however, other cooling liquids and cooling media are also possible.
- the cooling fluid 24 absorbs the amount of heat introduced by the EUV light 18 and removes it from the substrate 12.
- the temperature control hollow structures 22 are connected to a cooling unit 26 and a pump unit 28 of a cooling system designated overall by 30.
- the pump unit 28 sucks the cooling fluid 24 from the temperature control hollow structures 22 and feeds it to the cooling unit 26 via a return line 32.
- the cooling fluid 24 is cooled down to its target temperature before it flows through the temperature control hollow structures 22 again.
- This circuit is illustrated in Figure 1 by corresponding arrows.
- the tempering hollow structures 22 run close to the support surface 14 and at least partially parallel thereto.
- the temperature control hollow structures 22 are designed as temperature control channels 34, of which three temperature control channels 34.1, 34.2 and 34.3 are illustrated.
- the temperature control channels 34 each extend between two openings 36, which are only designated in Figure 1 for the temperature control channel 34.1, whereby each temperature control channel 34 is connected to the cooling unit 26 and to the pump unit 28 via its openings 36.
- the openings 36 thus define an inlet or an outlet of the temperature control channels 34 for the cooling fluid 24, depending on the assignment.
- the cross-section of the temperature control channels 34 does not have to be constant and can be, for example, circular, oval, rectangular or even ring-shaped.
- the temperature control hollow structures 22 can be designed in different ways, depending on the position in the substrate 12 have changing cross-sections and shapes.
- the openings 36 of the temperature control channels 34 are arranged on the rear side 38 of the substrate 12 opposite the carrier surface 14.
- the temperature control hollow structures 22 can also be more extensive chambers in which the cooling fluid 24 is exchanged only slowly and in which no longitudinal axis is defined, as is characteristic of a channel.
- the arrangement of the temperature control channels 34 shown in the figures is also only an example and can be different in real systems; the number of temperature control channels 34 can also be larger or smaller.
- the openings 36 can also be arranged on the lateral flanks of the substrate 12 or at least one temperature control channel 34 can be provided which runs through the substrate 12 or a part thereof in a meandering or spiral shape.
- one or more temperature control channels 34 can also extend from a distribution line or a distribution chamber in the substrate 12; such temperature control channels 34 then open with their openings 36 at one or both ends into such a distribution line or distribution chamber, from which the temperature control channels 34 are then fed with the temperature control fluid.
- the distribution line or the distribution chamber and, if applicable, the end of a temperature control channel 34 remote from it are then connected accordingly to the cooling system 30.
- tempering channels 34 and in particular to the tempering channel 34.1 in all embodiments as representative of generally every type and arrangement of tempering hollow structures 22.
- a first stage of the substrate 12 defines a kind of raw substrate 12', which is still largely unprocessed and untreated and in which structurally no carrier surface 14 is formed.
- a raw substrate is, for example, a glass cuboid made of titanium-doped quartz glass.
- a second stage of the substrate 12 defines a carrier substrate 12", in which the carrier surface 14 is produced and formed.
- This may require a variety of chemical and/or physical work steps, which may include processes such as grinding, turning, polishing and/or etching.
- a third stage of the substrate 12 then defines an element substrate 12'", in which the carrier surface 14 is provided with at least the coating 16 determining the optical properties. If the resulting optical element is a mirror, the element substrate 12'" is terminologically a mirror substrate. Accordingly, the substrate 12 in Figure 1 also bears the reference symbol 12'", since it is shown there in the stage of the element substrate. If the substrate 12 is, for example, part of a sensor device, as described at the beginning, the element substrate 12'" is terminologically a sensor substrate.
- tempering hollow structures 22 in the substrate 12 described below can in principle take place at any stage of the substrate 12. As a rule, this takes place at the stage of the raw substrate 12', but can also be carried out, for example, at the stage of the carrier substrate 12" or even at the stage of the element substrate 12'".
- the production of the tempering hollow structures 22 is explained in particular using the example of the carrier substrate 12" in order to illustrate the function of the mirror 10 obtained later, as envisaged in the present embodiment.
- Figures 2 to 9 illustrate a first process route PI, with which intermediate structures 40, which can be seen in Figures 10 and 11, can be incorporated into the substrate 12, which comprise an intermediate layer 42 made of modified substrate material 44 and an intermediate hollow structure 46, which is separated from the intermediate layer 42 by at least is limited in some areas.
- the modified substrate material 44 has an increased susceptibility to a chemically reactive treatment medium compared to the substrate material 12a and can be removed in a downstream process, whereby the desired tempering hollow structures 22, i.e. here the tempering channels 34, are completed starting from the intermediate structures 40; this will be discussed further below.
- Figures 12 to 17 illustrate a second process route P2 with which the intermediate structures 40 can be incorporated into the substrate 12.
- the intermediate hollow structures 46 each extend between two openings in the substrate, which are located at the location of the later openings 36 of the temperature control channels 34.
- Figure 2 illustrates the substrate 12 with a dashed outer contour line as a raw substrate 12' and with solid lines as a carrier substrate 12", i.e. as a substrate 12 with an already formed carrier surface 14 before the reflective coating 16 is applied.
- the substrate 12 is shown in the enlarged detail.
- the outer contour of the raw substrate 12' is also only partially indicated at the edge.
- the course of the later carrier surface 14 is also already defined in the raw substrate 12' and this then imaginary carrier surface 14 serves as a reference surface to define the course of the tempering hollow structures 22 in the substrate 12.
- Figure 2 shows a modification processing system 48 of a processing device designated at a higher level with 50.
- material structures 52 made of modified substrate material 44 can be incorporated into the substrate 12 in a first process step P1 -S1 of the first process route P1.
- material structures 52 of a first type or material structures 52 of a second type can be produced, which are designated with 52-I or 52-II. are.
- the modification processing system 48 includes a light source 54 that generates a modification light beam 56.
- the light source 54 is preferably a high-power laser that generates short or ultra-short pulses. These can be pulses in the femtosecond, picosecond or nanosecond range.
- the modification light beam 56 can be directed to different locations on the substrate 12 using a focusing device 58, which includes a scanning device 60 and a focusing lens 62.
- the relative arrangement between the substrate 12 and the modification processing system 48 can also be changed using a moving table (not shown) so that the processing light beam 56 can be directed to any location on the substrate 12 after passing through the focusing lens 62.
- the scanning device 60, the focusing lens 62 and any moving table that may be present are controlled by a control device 64 so that the processing light beam 56 is successively focused on all modification locations 66 on the substrate 12 where tempering channels 34 are to be created.
- the relative arrangement between the substrate 12 and the modification processing system 48 can be changed by moving the modification processing system 50. In the case of small substrates 12, travel operations can be dispensed with provided that the scanning device 60 covers a sufficiently large area.
- the intensity of the modification light beam 56 is so high that the material of the substrate 12 is specifically modified there, in particular by absorbing the high-energy modification light beam 56, with there being largely no loss of material.
- This modification can be understood as targeted damage to the substrate material 12a, which weakens the material and leads to increased susceptibility to a chemically active treatment medium. In the present case, the modification leads to increased susceptibility to etching.
- the area in which the modification light beam 56 modifies the substrate material 12a defines a respective modification location 66, which naturally moves with the focus point of the modification light beam 56. The locations of the focus points and thus the modification locations 66 determine where and with which geometry and which cross sections a tempering channel 34 is later created in the substrate 12.
- the processing light beam 56 travels across the entire cross section in a radial direction according to a predetermined pattern at a specific axial position. This process is then repeated at adjacent axial positions until the material structure 52 made of the modified substrate material 44 has the desired axial dimension.
- Figures 2 and 3 initially show how material structures 52 of the first type 52-I are incorporated, which are shown in Figures 4 and 5 after their completion.
- the material structures 52 regardless of whether they are of the first or second type, ultimately reflect the course and, in the course direction, the cross sections of the later tempering channels 34 in the substrate 12 and accordingly bear the reference symbols 52.1, 52.2 and 52.3 in Figure 4.
- Figure 3B illustrates, based on the cross section of section 52a, that in the later material structure 52 of the first type 52-I, the substrate material 44 modified in cross section should be present and does not have hollow structures, i.e. that in these material structures 52 of the first type 52-I, the modified substrate material 44 is produced to fill the cross section. This does not exclude the possibility that the modified substrate material 44 can be porous or the like, for example.
- Figure 4 illustrates again the continuous course of the material structures 52 of the first type 52-I through the substrate 12 using the sections V A and V B according to Figure 4 with the material structure 52.1.
- Figure 6 alternatively shows how material structures 52 of the second type 52-11 are embedded in the substrate 12 incorporated, using the example of the material structure 52.1, which follows the course of the later tempering channel 34.1.
- Figure 6 again shows a section 52a of the material structure 52 that has already been incorporated into the substrate 12.
- modified substrate material 44 is produced in such a way that a core region of substrate material 12a remains, which is at least partially delimited by modified substrate material 44.
- the material structure 52 of the second type 52-II is ring-shaped in cross-section in the embodiment shown here.
- Figure 7 shows its completion based on the material structure 52.1 and the same sections that can be seen in Figure 5.
- the processing device 50 comprises a removal processing system 68 shown in Figure 8, which comprises largely the same components as the modification processing system 48, which accordingly also have the same reference numerals. In principle, what was said above about these components applies accordingly.
- the light source 54 of the ablation processing system 68 generates an ablation light beam 70, wherein the light source is also preferably a high-power laser that generates ultrashort pulses.
- the intensity is at the points formed by the focusing lens 62. generated focus points are so high that removal locations 72 are defined there and the existing material is removed. The locations of the focus points and thus the removal locations 72 determine where and with which geometry and which cross sections an intermediate hollow structure 46 is created in the modified substrate material 44.
- the cross sections of the intermediate hollow structures 46 are smaller along the course of the material structures 52 than their respective cross sections, so that as a result the intermediate structures 40 are produced in which each intermediate hollow structure 46 is delimited by an intermediate layer 42 made of modified substrate material 44.
- the intermediate hollow structures 46 are intermediate hollow channels that are delimited by a jacket made of modified substrate material 44.
- Figure 7B illustrates this using the cross section of the sections 40a/42a/46a, which, however, also reflects the cross section of a completed intermediate structure 40.
- modified substrate material 44 is removed at the removal locations 72. If material structures 52 of the second type 52-II are present, substrate material 12a of the substrate 12 is removed at the removal locations 72. In this case, the core region framed with dashed lines to the right of the processing light beam 70 in Figure 9A still consists of substrate material 12a.
- the removal processing system 68 also comprises a flushing device, designated overall by 74, which is also controlled by the control device 64.
- the flushing device 74 applies a flushing fluid 76 to the removal site 72 while the modified substrate material 44 is removed, whereby removed material is flushed away by the flushing fluid 76.
- a flushing line 78 is provided, which is introduced into the section 40a/46a and is connected to the Flushing fluid 76 is fed.
- the discharge end of the flushing line 78 can be guided to the removal locations 72 by a line conveyor (also not shown separately), which pushes the flushing line 78 further in accordance with the formation of the section 40a/46a.
- the removed material is entrained by the flushing fluid 76 and flows off via the already formed section 40a/46a, which is indicated in Figure 9A by corresponding arrows.
- the substrate 12 shown in Figures 10 and 11 is obtained as an intermediate substrate from the material structures 52 - both of the first type 52-I and the second type 52-II - with the aid of the removal processing system 68, into which the intermediate structures 40 are incorporated.
- Figure 11 again illustrates the continuous course of the intermediate structures 40 through the substrate 12 using the sections XI A and XI B according to Figure 10, which are additionally designated 40.1, 40.2 and 40.3 in accordance with the later tempering channels 34.
- first process route P1 in a first process step P1-S1, material structures 52 are produced in the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12, which comprise modified substrate material 44, and in a second process step P1-S2, material is removed such that intermediate hollow structures 46 are produced and modified substrate material 44 is left for the intermediate layer 42, so that the intermediate structures 40 are created.
- second process step P1-S2 in the case of material structures 52 of the first type 52-I, modified substrate material 44 or, in the case of material structures 52 of the second type 52-II, the substrate material 12a of the core region is removed such that the intermediate hollow structure 46 is produced and the intermediate layer 42 is formed by the remaining modified substrate material 44 of the material structure 52.
- the intermediate hollow structures 46 are produced in a first process step P2-S1 by removing the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12 accordingly, and in a second process step P2-S2 the intermediate layer 42 is produced from modified substrate material 44, so that the Intermediate structures 40 are formed.
- Figure 12 illustrates that the removal processing system 68 is used for the first process step P2-S1 of the second process route P2; identical components again bear the same reference numerals.
- the intensity at the focus points generated with the focusing lens 62 is so high that the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12 is ablated at the ablation locations 72.
- the locations of the focus points and thus the ablation locations 72 also determine here where and with which geometry and which cross sections an intermediate hollow structure 46 is created, but now in the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12.
- dashed lines 80 show the course, geometry and cross sections of the tempering hollow structures 22 and specifically of the tempering channel 34.1, which are to be present in the finished mirror 10. As can be seen there, the cross sections of the intermediate hollow structures 46 along the planned course 80 of the tempering channels 34 are smaller than their respective cross sections.
- Figures 14 and 15 illustrate the result of the first step P2-S1 of the second process route P2, in which the intermediate hollow structures 46 are incorporated into the substrate 12.
- the intermediate hollow structures 46 reflect the course and, in the course direction, the cross sections of the later tempering channels 34 in the substrate 12 and accordingly bear the reference numerals 46.1, 46.2 and 46.3 in Figure 14.
- the intermediate structures 40 are now produced by producing the intermediate layers 42 in the substrate material 12a, which surrounds the intermediate hollow structures 46, so that the intermediate structures 40 are created overall.
- a modified modification processing system 82 is used for this purpose, which largely corresponds to the modification processing system 48 according to Figure 2 and in which identical components have the same reference numerals.
- Figures 16 and 17 show a section 42a of an intermediate layer 42 made of the modified substrate material 44 that has already been incorporated into the material substrate 12a, whereby a section 40a of the associated intermediate structure 40 is formed, which defines the later tempering channel 34.1 and is accordingly designated 40.1.
- the lateral surfaces of the intermediate hollow structures 46 which were produced with the removal processing system 68, have a surface roughness with roughnesses that can be greater than 1 m. Therefore, the modification light beam 56 is scattered on these lateral surfaces, which has a negative effect on the result in the formation of the intermediate layers 42. In particular, in the worst case, areas in the substrate material 12a that are located on the side of the existing intermediate hollow structures 46 remote from the focus lens 62 can no longer be reached by the modification light beam 56.
- the auxiliary liquid 84 is preferably transparent to the modification light beam 56 and more preferably has the same or at least a similar refractive index n as the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12.
- the refractive index m of the auxiliary liquid 84 at the wavelength of the modification light beam 56 matches the refractive index HM of the substrate material 12a at the same wavelength with a tolerance of less than 20%, preferably with a tolerance of less than 10%, more preferably with a tolerance of less than 5% and particularly preferably with a tolerance of less than 1% based on the refractive index HM of the substrate material 12a.
- glycerin and water are suitable as auxiliary liquid 84.
- the modification processing system 82 additionally comprises a fluid device 86, with which the already formed intermediate hollow structures 46 with the auxiliary liquid 84.
- the fluid device 86 is preferably designed so that the auxiliary liquid 84 can be held as a standing liquid volume in the hollow structures in order to avoid undesirable effects due to turbulence of the auxiliary liquid 84.
- the pump shown in the fluid device 86 then only serves to fill or empty the hollow structures, but not to circulate the auxiliary liquid 84.
- This shifting effect on the focus points of the modification light beam 56 is taken into account by the control device 64 so that the modified substrate material 44 is produced in the desired areas.
- intermediate hollow structures 46 are incorporated into the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12 and in the second process step P2-S2, the intermediate layers 42 made of modified substrate material 44 are incorporated into the substrate material 12a of the substrate 12 in such a way that the intermediate structures 40 are created.
- the two process routes P1 and P2 described above can also both be applied to one and the same substrate 12. Depending on the respective geometry and the respective course of different tempering cavity structures 22, one or the other process route P1 or P2 may be more favorable for different tempering cavity structures 22.
- the various alternatives of the process routes P1 or P2 can also be applied independently of one another to one and the same substrate 12.
- the intermediate layers 42 of modified substrate material 44 are now removed by a chemically active treatment medium.
- a chemically active treatment medium 90 is introduced into the intermediate hollow structures 46 of the intermediate structures 40 with the aid of a treatment device 88, by means of which their intermediate layer 42 is removed from the modified substrate material 44.
- the treatment medium 90 preferably flows through the intermediate hollow structure 46 continuously.
- the treatment medium 90 can also flow through the intermediate hollow structure 46 only temporarily and be introduced into the intermediate hollow structure 40 for defined periods of time.
- the respective intermediate layer 42 and intermediate hollow structure 46 are only designated in the intermediate structure 40.1.
- the chemically active treatment medium 90 is an etching medium 90' and the intermediate layer 42 from the modified substrate material 44 is removed by an etching process.
- the treatment device 88 is an etching device in this case.
- the treatment medium 90 can also be an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent, which also includes the treatment medium 90 containing an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent.
- Bases and acids can be used as etching agents.
- Bases are particularly strong bases, such as potassium hydroxide KOH. Strong acids can also be used, whereby hydrofluoric acid HF is used in particular for acids, which defines a weak but highly reactive acid.
- the concentration of the bases or acids in the etching medium 90' is adapted to the required etching effect.
- an ammonium fluoride buffer NH4F/H2O/HF or CF4 for dry etching can be used.
- the treatment device 88 comprises a reservoir 92 filled with the treatment medium 90, here the etching medium 90', with a pump 94, which can be connected to an open end of the intermediate structure 40 through which the medium is to flow; in Figure 18 this is shown for the intermediate structure 40.1.
- the other open end of the intermediate structure 40 through which the medium is to flow is connected to a collecting container 96 of the treatment device 88.
- the etching medium 90' can also be guided through the intermediate structure 40 in several cycles by a circulation system 98, indicated schematically by a dashed line. This also applies generally to a treatment medium 90.
- Figures 19 and 20 illustrate, using sections XIX A and XIX B in Figure 18, how the intermediate layer 42 in the intermediate structure 40.1 in Figure 19 has become thinner compared to the initial situation according to Figure 11 and is further removed or etched away by the treatment medium 90 or the etching medium 90' until the tempering channel 34.1 shown in Figure 20 is completed.
- Such treatments or etching treatments of the intermediate layers 42 are carried out on all existing intermediate structures 40 until the substrate 12 of the mirror 10 with the tempering hollow structures 22 according to Figure 1 is obtained, but in which the coating 16 has not yet been applied to the carrier surface 14.
- the etching medium 90' flows through existing intermediate hollow structures 46, which are accessible from the outside at both ends, a uniform attack or etching attack on the modified substrate material 44 in the intermediate layers 42 is ensured without any congestion effects in dead volumes occurring.
- the treatment medium 90 or the etching medium 90' exhibits the behavior of a laminar flow; no dead zones are created.
- the treatment step referred to below is the etching step with the etching medium 90'. What has been said applies accordingly to a treatment step with an alternative chemically active treatment medium 90.
- Figure 21 shows by way of example the possibility of using the two process routes P1 and P2 in conjunction with the downstream etching step to compensate for irregularities that can occur in the intermediate hollow structures 46 when they are incorporated into the material structures 52 made of modified substrate material 44 or directly into the substrate material 12a.
- Figures 21 A and 21 B show section IX A from Figure 8 and section XIII A from Figure 12, respectively, and illustrate how, on the one hand, modified substrate material 44 of the material structure 52.1 of the first type 52-I is removed in the first process route P1 and, on the other hand, the substrate material 12a is removed in the second process route P2 with the removal light beam 70, although irregularities in the form of offset points 100 have occurred in the intermediate hollow structure 46.1. Such irregularities can arise, for example, in the event of interruptions in the removal process or in the event of fluctuations in the material structure of the material structures 52 or the substrate 12.
- the intermediate substrate 12 according to Figure 10 then has such offset points 100 in the formed intermediate structures 40, which is shown in Figure 21C using the intermediate structure 40.1.
- the offset points 100 in the radial direction are still within the outer boundary of the tempering channel 34 to be created, the offset points 100 can be compensated by the etching step.
- Figure 21A shows, this is the case with the first process route P1 if the material structure 52.1 has been incorporated in the first process step P1-S1 there with a sufficiently large cross-section that even an offset point 100 radially outwardly still remains surrounded by modified substrate material 44.
- Figure 21 B shows that this is the case in the second process route P2, when the intermediate hollow structure 46.1 with the offset points 100 is produced in the first process step P2-S1 there still within the planned geometry 80 of the tempering channel 34.1.
- the intermediate layer 42 is then produced with a uniform cross-section, so that an offset point 100 is also surrounded radially on the outside by modified substrate material 44.
- the etching selectivity of the etching medium 90' is sufficient to etch away thicker and thinner areas of the intermediate layer 42 without the surrounding substrate material 12a being unduly affected.
- the thinner areas of the intermediate layer 42 are etched away, the etching medium 90' can flow over the substrate material 12a there and attack it before the thicker areas are removed.
- the time required for the intermediate layer 42 still present to be removed by the etching medium 90' is not sufficient to damage the substrate material 12 that has already been flowed over in a way that cannot be tolerated.
- the etching step produces associated tempering hollow structures 22 with satisfactory functionality even in the case of existing offset points 100 in the lateral surface of the intermediate hollow structures 46, as illustrated in Figure 21 D.
- FIG 22 now shows the substrate 12 again in the stage of the carrier substrate 12" with tempering hollow structures 22, which were obtained by the method explained above and are again represented by way of example by three tempering channels 34.1, 34.2 and 34.3.
- the tempering hollow structures 22 each define an inner surface 102, whereby for the sake of clarity only one inner surface 102 is provided with a reference symbol.
- properties of the temperature control hollow structures 22 or the temperature control channels 34 and of the substrate 12 as such are explained, which are possible when applying the methods described above or result from them, wherein, where appropriate, properties already described are also taken up again and/or supplemented.
- substrates 12 with tempering hollow structures 22 are obtained, the inner surface 102 of which has, at least in some areas, an extremely high quality with a mean roughness value Ra between 10.0 pm and 5.0 pm, which can in particular be between 10.0 pm and 6.5 pm, between 10.0 pm and 8.0 pm, between 8.5 pm and 5.0 pm, between 7.0 pm and 5.0 pm or between 8.5 pm and 6.5 pm, or the inner surface 102 of which has, at least in some areas, an extremely high quality with a mean roughness value Ra of 5.0 pm and less, which in particular is between 5.0 pm and 0.1 pm, between 4.5 pm and 0.125 pm, between 4.0 pm and 0.15 pm, between 3.5 pm and 0.175 pm or between 3.0 pm and 0.2 pm.
- mean roughness values Ra between 0.1 pm and 0.5 pm, between 0.15 pm and 0.45 pm, between 0.2 pm and 0.4 pm and between 0.25 pm and 0.35 pm have been achieved.
- the mean roughness values Ra between 10.0 pm and 5.0 pm are also a good result.
- Figure 23A shows a topography image of a surface area 104 of the inner surface 102 of such a tempering hollow structure 22 and Figure 23B shows a section along the section line designated 106 in Figure 23A, which illustrates an average roughness value Ra of approximately 0.28 pm achieved there.
- the surface area 104 has an extension of 254 pm x 190 pm.
- FIG. 23A illustrates that by applying the first process route P1 or the second process route P1, at least in surface areas of the inner surface 102 of the hollow tempering structures 22, a surface topography 108 is obtained, the geometric shape of which results from a superposition of countersunk structures 110 which extend into the substrate material 12a.
- the planned course 80 of the hollow tempering structure 22 explained above in relation to Figures 13A and 13B and again shown with a dashed line in Figure 24 describes a reference surface from which the countersunk structures 108 extend into the substrate material 12a.
- the superposition of these countersunk structures 110 then results in the surface topography 108, the course of which can be seen in the section shown in Figure 24 with a thicker solid line.
- the surface topography 108 ultimately defines adjacent depression areas 112, between which edge regions 114 extend.
- edge regions 114 extend.
- Only some of such depression areas and edge regions are provided with reference symbols.
- peripheral areas 114 clearly form a kind of mountain ridge between two neighboring valleys in the form of two adjacent depression areas 112. These peripheral areas 114 can in particular be linear.
- the countersunk structures 110 can in particular be segments of bodies that are point-symmetrical or at least axially symmetrical, such as spherical segments, ellipsoid segments or paraboloids.
- the resulting countersunk regions 112 can in turn be axially symmetrical and, for example, correspond to a section of the outer surface of Spherical segments, ellipsoid segments or paraboloids.
- their edge regions 114 are also axisymmetric.
- non-axisymmetrical depression regions 112 with non-axisymmetrical edge regions 114 can also arise and exist, which can be seen in Figures 23A based on the two depression regions designated 112 and their edge regions designated 114.
- the final geometry and dimension of a depression region 112 surrounded by a peripheral edge region 114 depends on the geometries and dimensions of the depression structures 110, which are understood as the basis for the formation of the depression region 112.
- the countersunk structures 110 are distributed over the surface of the lateral surface 102, but Figure 25 can of course only show the section shown and no countersunk structures 110 and resulting countersunk regions 112 in front of and behind the paper plane.
- a tempering channel 34 can have diameters between 0.5 mm and 20 mm, with diameters between 1 mm and 5 mm being preferred.
- the length of a temperature control channel 34 depends primarily on the dimension of the substrate 12 and is in practice at least 10 cm, but may also be at least 15 cm or at least 20 cm.
- a temperature control channel 34 can be curved or at least have curved sections. As can be seen in Figure 22, the temperature control channels 34 follow the curvature of the support surface 14 in a middle section 116 there, whereby this middle section 116, which is thus already a curved section, extends between two sections 118 which are strongly curved in comparison. In Figure 22, only the middle section 116 and the strongly curved sections 118 in the temperature control channel 34.1 have a reference number. The middle section 116 designated there opens into the strongly curved section 118 on the left in Figure 22, which in turn merges into a straight section 120 which then ends at the opening 36 of the temperature control channel 34.1.
- Figure 25 shows detail XXV of Figure 22 on an enlarged scale.
- a strong curvature is understood to mean a curvature angle between 60° and 120°, in particular between 80° and 100°, preferably of about 90°.
- a section 116 of the tempering channel 34 is located between two strongly curved sections 118 with a curvature angle of approximately 90°, as shown in the present embodiment.
- the curvature of a strongly curved section 118 generally follows an arc. In the case of a 90° curvature, for example, there are not two channel sections that are strictly perpendicular to one another.
- a ratio R/D is between 2 and 6, more preferably between 2.5 and 5 and particularly preferably between 2.5 and 3.5.
- a temperature control channel 34 runs in particular at a distance of 1.0 mm to 50.0 mm, from 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, from 1.0 mm to 10.0 mm or from 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the distance is preferably determined in relation to a normal to the support surface 14.
- the distance of the temperature control channel 34 to the support surface 14 can vary along its course.
- a substrate 12 provided with hollow tempering structures 22 is obtained with a support surface 14 whose shape has significant time stability.
- the shape of the support surface 14 changes by less than 100 pm, in particular by less than 50 pm and further in particular by less than 25 pm over a service life of the substrate 12 of up to 10 years, at least up to five years and at least up to two years.
- a mirror 10 which comprises a substrate 12 produced by the methods explained above and provided with the coating 16. Consequently, a mirror 10 is obtained whose fit is stable over a service life of the mirror 10 of up to 10 years, at least up to five years and at least up to two years by less than 100 pm, in particular by less than 50 pm and further in particular by less than 25 pm.
- the high stability of the fit of the support surface 14 of the substrate 12 and the fit of the mirror 10 made therefrom is achieved by precisely and purposefully removing the modified substrate material 44, so that a substrate with a particularly homogeneous structure is obtained or restored after the structure no longer has this structural homogeneity when the modified substrate material 44 is still present.
- the measurements were performed with an interferometric measuring system based on a Fizeau interferometer, providing a repeatability of 10pm PMS and a pixel size of typically 0.12 mm x 0.12 mm.
- Figure 26A shows the fit of the carrier surface 14 on the substrate 122 before the etching process with which the modified substrate material 44 is removed, and thus reflects the configuration of the substrate 12 with the intermediate structures 40 according to Figure 10, in which the modified substrate material 44 is still present.
- Depressions 124 are visible in the carrier surface 14, three of which are designated 124.1, 124.2 and 124.3 in the surface image representation and the deviation profile. These depressions 124 are present where the intermediate structures 40 are incorporated in the substrate material 12a below the carrier surface 14 and the modified substrate material 44 is present. As can be seen in Figure 26A, the depressions 124 follow the respective course of the intermediate structures 40, which in this case can be seen as straight channels.
- the measuring section of the respective deviation profile of Figures 26A, B and C runs transverse to the channels.
- the substrate 122 is not provided with intermediate structures 40 under the full support surface 14; the area to the right of the depressions 124 is unprocessed.
- the depressions 124 arise due to the structural inhomogeneities in the substrate material 12a that have arisen there below the carrier surface 14 due to the modified substrate material 44.
- Figure 26B shows the fit of the support surface 14 in the substrate of Figure 26A after performing the etching process with which the modified substrate material 44 is removed, which corresponds to the configuration of the substrate 12 according to Figure 22.
- Figure 26B shows and is clear from the deviation profile, the depressions 124 have significantly reduced after the removal of the modified substrate material 44 and the support surface 14 now has a smaller fit deviation overall.
- Figure 26C shows a difference representation of the measurements according to Figures 26A and 26B and in this context also illustrates the largely unchanged areas of the carrier surface 14 without the underlying tempering hollow structures 22.
- Figure 27 again illustrates a system 6 of semiconductor technology using the example of a projection exposure system 200 for EUV semiconductor lithography.
- Other systems of semiconductor technology such as a mask inspection system or a wafer inspection system, sometimes contain the same or similar components as those explained here using the example of the EUV projection exposure system 200.
- the projection exposure system 200 comprises an illumination system 202 with a radiation source 204 and an illumination optics 206 for illuminating an object field 208 in an object plane 210 in which a reflective reticle 212 is arranged.
- the radiation source 204 is an EUV radiation source in the illustrated embodiment. which emits EUV radiation as working radiation 214, in particular in a wavelength range between 5 nm and 30 nm.
- the radiation source 204 can be a plasma source, for example an LPP source (laser produced plasma) or a GDPP source (gas discharged produced plasma).
- a synchrotron-based radiation source or a free electron laser (FEL) can be used as the radiation source 204.
- the projection exposure system 200 comprises a projection optics 216 for imaging the object field 208 in an image field 218, which is located in an image plane 220 of the projection optics 216.
- a wafer carrying a light-sensitive layer (resist) is arranged in the image plane 220 as an example of an object 222.
- Components for the synchronous movement of the reticle 212 and the wafer 222 are only indicated in Figure 27 and are not provided with reference symbols.
- the projection exposure system 200 comprises a plurality of optical elements 8 in the form of mirrors Mn, which are numbered according to their arrangement in the beam path of the projection exposure system 200. In the present case, a total of 10 mirrors M1 to M10 are present in the beam path.
- the mirrors M3 and M4 are designed as facet mirrors that contain a large number of individual mirrors.
- the remaining mirrors Mn are each a mirror 10 with a monolithic mirror substrate 12 and a coating 16 carried by it, as shown by way of example in Figure 1. For the sake of simplicity, these mirrors are indicated as cuboids in Figure 27. However, the surfaces of the mirrors 10 exposed to the EUV radiation 214 and provided with the coating 16 are not flat in reality, but curved, as also illustrated in Figure 1.
- the mirrors M1 to M4 in the illumination system 206 serve to illuminate a section of the reticle 212 with the desired illumination angle distribution.
- the mirrors M5 to M10 of the projection optics 216 image this section in a reduced size onto the wafer 222.
- the structures contained in the reticle 212 are imaged onto the light-sensitive layer carried by the wafer 222.
- the object 222 is irradiated with the working radiation 214 with the aid of the optical elements 8, which in the present embodiment are designed as mirrors 10 for the EUV projection exposure system 200 and whose coating is at least designed to reflect at least 50% of EUV light incident vertically or almost vertically.
- the system 6 of semiconductor technology is part of a manufacturing process with which a structured electronic component 224 can be manufactured, which is shown schematically in Figure 27 with generated structures 226 as a result of an overall manufacturing process that includes further steps in addition to the process in the system 6 of semiconductor technology.
- the system 6 of semiconductor technology includes at least one optical element 8 that was manufactured in one of the ways of the process variants explained above.
- the structured electronic component 224 is in particular a computer chip 228, in the production of which a projection exposure system, here the projection exposure system 200, is used, as mentioned at the beginning.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020267001187A KR20260025835A (ko) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-03 | 기판, 특히 광학 요소용 기판에 온도 제어 중공 구조를 통합하는 방법, 광학 요소를 제조하는 방법 및 기판, 광학 요소, 반도체 기술 설비 및 구조화된 전자 구성요소 |
| CN202480040050.4A CN121335774A (zh) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-03 | 将温度调节中空结构结合到基板中、特别是结合到光学元件的基板中的方法、制造光学元件的方法和基板、光学元件和半导体技术设备以及结构化电子部件 |
| US19/419,852 US20260104572A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2025-12-15 | Substrate for producing an optical element, optical element and also semiconductor technology apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023205565.1 | 2023-06-14 | ||
| DE102023205565.1A DE102023205565A1 (de) | 2023-06-14 | 2023-06-14 | Verfahren zur Einarbeitung von Temperierhohlstrukturen in ein Substrat, insbesondere in ein Substrat für ein optisches Element, Verfahren und Substrat zur Herstellung eines optischen Elements, optisches Element sowie Anlage der Halbleitertechnologie und strukturiertes elektronisches Bauelement |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19/419,852 Continuation US20260104572A1 (en) | 2023-06-14 | 2025-12-15 | Substrate for producing an optical element, optical element and also semiconductor technology apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256201A1 true WO2024256201A1 (de) | 2024-12-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/065181 Ceased WO2024256201A1 (de) | 2023-06-14 | 2024-06-03 | Verfahren zur einarbeitung von temperierhohlstrukturen in ein substrat, insbesondere in ein substrat für ein optisches element, verfahren und substrat zur herstellung eines optischen elements, optisches element sowie anlage der halbleitertechnologie und strukturiertes elektronisches bauelement |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260104572A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20260025835A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121335774A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023205565A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256201A1 (de) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019219179A1 (de) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-10 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optisches Element und Lithographiesystem |
| DE102021214310A1 (de) | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-15 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen mindestens einer Hohlstruktur, EUVSpiegel und EUV-Lithographiesystem |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011051198B4 (de) * | 2011-06-20 | 2016-11-10 | Scanlab Ag | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines gewichtsoptimierten Ablenkspiegels |
| DE102014204171A1 (de) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optisches Element und optische Anordnung damit |
| DE102015210286A1 (de) * | 2015-06-03 | 2016-12-08 | 3D-Micromac Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines strukturierten Elements sowie strukturiertes Element |
| DE102015116848A1 (de) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-06 | Schott Ag | Dielektrisches Werkstück mit einer Zone definiert ausgebildeter Festigkeit sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung |
| DE102017216458A1 (de) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-03-21 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Spiegels als optischer Komponente für ein optisches System einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage für die Projektionslithographie |
| DE102018202687A1 (de) * | 2018-02-22 | 2018-05-03 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Herstellungsverfahren für Komponenten einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage für die Halbleiterlithographie und Projektionsbelichtungsanlage |
| EP3875436B1 (de) * | 2020-03-06 | 2024-01-17 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zum vorbereiten und/oder durchführen des trennens eines substratelements und substratteilelement |
| DE102020126856A1 (de) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-14 | Schott Ag | Glaselement mit strukturierter Wandung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
-
2023
- 2023-06-14 DE DE102023205565.1A patent/DE102023205565A1/de active Pending
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2024
- 2024-06-03 KR KR1020267001187A patent/KR20260025835A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-03 CN CN202480040050.4A patent/CN121335774A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-03 WO PCT/EP2024/065181 patent/WO2024256201A1/de not_active Ceased
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- 2025-12-15 US US19/419,852 patent/US20260104572A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019219179A1 (de) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-10 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Optisches Element und Lithographiesystem |
| DE102021214310A1 (de) | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-15 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen mindestens einer Hohlstruktur, EUVSpiegel und EUV-Lithographiesystem |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260104572A1 (en) | 2026-04-16 |
| DE102023205565A1 (de) | 2024-12-19 |
| CN121335774A (zh) | 2026-01-13 |
| KR20260025835A (ko) | 2026-02-24 |
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