WO2024255514A1 - 电芯、电池及用电设备 - Google Patents

电芯、电池及用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255514A1
WO2024255514A1 PCT/CN2024/093415 CN2024093415W WO2024255514A1 WO 2024255514 A1 WO2024255514 A1 WO 2024255514A1 CN 2024093415 W CN2024093415 W CN 2024093415W WO 2024255514 A1 WO2024255514 A1 WO 2024255514A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extension portion
layer
battery cell
along
extension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/093415
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹维毅
吴华
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority to EP24822466.9A priority Critical patent/EP4730541A1/en
Publication of WO2024255514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255514A1/zh
Priority to US19/418,078 priority patent/US20260100483A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are currently widely used in drones, electric vehicles, electronic equipment and other fields.
  • most battery cells use adhesive to bond the diaphragm that extends out of the electrode to fix the diaphragm, but the adhesive will occupy the space in the thickness direction of the battery cell and reduce the energy density of the battery cell.
  • battery cells usually use multi-layer electrode terminals to fold. During the bending, stress accumulates inside the multi-layer electrode terminals. When the battery cell is cycled, the electrode assembly expands and pulls the electrode terminal, which can easily break the electrode terminal and eventually cause the battery cell capacity loss.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including an electrode assembly and an electrode terminal.
  • the electrode assembly has a top and a bottom arranged along a first direction.
  • the electrode terminal is connected to the top.
  • the electrode assembly is wound or stacked.
  • the electrode assembly includes N layers of separators, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3.
  • Each layer of separator includes a first extension extending from the bottom along the first direction.
  • the N layers of first extensions are arranged along the second direction. Along the second direction, the first extension located in the first layer is bent to the first extension located in the N-1th layer, and the adjacent first extensions are connected.
  • the separator includes a second extension extending from the top in a direction opposite to the first direction. The second extension is connected to the electrode terminal.
  • the second direction is the thickness direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the present application can fix the separator and reduce the space occupied by the battery cell in the second direction by sequentially bending the first extension of the separator along the second direction and connecting the adjacent first extensions, and connecting the second extension to the electrode terminal, which can improve the space. It is beneficial to improve the energy density of the battery cell, enhance the tensile strength of the electrode terminal, and reduce the risk of electrode terminal breakage caused by battery cell expansion.
  • the projection of any first extension portion overlaps with the projection of an adjacent first extension portion, which can increase the connection area between the first extension portion and the adjacent first extension portion and enhance the connection strength between the adjacent first extension portions.
  • the larger the connection area between the first extension portion and the adjacent first extension portion the greater the bending amplitude of the first extension portion in the first direction, which can reduce the space occupied by the first extension portion in the first direction.
  • At least a portion of the second extension portion of the connecting electrode terminal is connected to another second extension portion on an adjacent electrode terminal, which can further enhance the tensile strength of the electrode terminal and further reduce the risk of fracture of the electrode terminal due to expansion of the battery cell.
  • the electrode assembly includes a first side portion and a second side portion arranged along a third direction.
  • each layer of the diaphragm includes a third extension portion extending from the first side portion in a direction opposite to the third direction.
  • the third extension portions of the N layers are arranged along the second direction, and along the second direction, the third extension portion located in the first layer is bent to the third extension portion located in the N-1th layer, and adjacent third extension portions are connected.
  • the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, which can fix the diaphragm extending from the first side portion and reduce the space occupied by the battery cell in the second direction, which can improve space utilization and help improve the energy density of the battery cell.
  • each layer of the diaphragm includes a fourth extension extending from the second side portion along the third direction.
  • the N layers of fourth extension portions are arranged along the second direction, and along the second direction, the fourth extension portion located at the first layer is bent to the fourth extension portion located at the N-1th layer, and adjacent fourth extension portions are connected.
  • the diaphragm extending from the second side portion can be fixed, and the space occupied by the battery cell in the second direction can be further reduced, which can further improve the space utilization rate and further help to improve the energy density of the battery cell.
  • the length of the first extension portion of the Nth layer is less than the length of the first extension portion of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer, which can reduce the space occupied by the first extension portion of the Nth layer and help improve space utilization.
  • the first layer to the Nth layer extending from the bottom along the first direction
  • the length L 1 of the first extension portion of each layer in 1 layer satisfies 0.2 mm ⁇ L 1 ⁇ 2 mm, which is further beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion.
  • the length L 2 of each first extension portion extending out of the bottom after being bent and connected satisfies 0.1 mm ⁇ L 2 ⁇ 0.8 mm, further reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion extending out of the negative electrode sheet, and increasing the space between the battery cell housing and the first extension portion, which is beneficial to improving space utilization.
  • the length L 2 of each layer of the first extension portion extending out of the bottom after being bent and connected satisfies 0.1 mm ⁇ L 2 ⁇ 0.3 mm, thereby further reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion extending out of the negative electrode sheet, further increasing the space between the battery cell housing and the first extension portion, and further facilitating improving space utilization.
  • the battery cell includes a battery cell shell and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is disposed in the battery cell shell.
  • the battery cell shell includes a first wall and a second wall arranged along a first direction. Part of the electrolyte is located between the second wall and the first extension portion. Along the first direction, the distance D 1 between the second wall and the first extension portion satisfies 0mm ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 0.7mm.
  • the distance between the second wall and the negative electrode sheet is fixed, the smaller the length L 2 of the first extension portion extending from the bottom, the larger the space between the second wall and the first extension portion, and the space for storing the electrolyte is increased, which is more conducive to reducing the risk of liquid swelling.
  • the first extension portion is provided with a first adhesive layer, and adjacent first extension portions are adhesively arranged to facilitate connection of adjacent first extension portions.
  • the electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode sheet, the separator and the negative electrode sheet are wound or stacked in sequence.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a first current collector and a first active material.
  • the first active material layer is connected to the surfaces of both sides of the first current collector along the thickness direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the first insulating adhesive layer is provided on both sides of the portion of the first current collector extending out of the first active material layer, and the first insulating adhesive layer can protect the diaphragm and reduce the risk of burrs on the portion of the first current collector extending out of the first active material layer piercing the diaphragm and causing a short circuit.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the battery in any one of the above embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell along line II-II in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematic cross-sectional views of battery cells along line II-II in some other embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery cell along line III-III in some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a battery and an electrical device in some embodiments.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “provided on” another component, it can be directly provided on the other component or there may be a component in between. When a component is considered to be “connected to” another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be a component in between.
  • perpendicular is used to describe an ideal state between two components. In actual production or use, the two components may be approximately perpendicular or equal to each other.
  • the composite value description, perpendicularity can refer to the angle between two straight lines within the range of 90° ⁇ 10°, perpendicularity can also refer to the dihedral angle between two planes within the range of 90° ⁇ 10°, and perpendicularity can also refer to the angle between a straight line and a plane within the range of 90° ⁇ 10°.
  • the two components described as "perpendicular” may not be absolute straight lines or planes, but may be roughly straight lines or planes. From a macroscopic point of view, the components can be considered “straight lines” or "planes” if the overall extension direction is a straight line or a plane.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell 100, including an electrode assembly 10 and an electrode terminal 20.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a top 10a and a bottom 10b arranged along a first direction X, and the electrode terminal 20 is connected to the top 10a.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is wound or stacked, and the electrode assembly 10 includes N layers of separators 11, where N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3.
  • Each layer of separator 11 includes a first extension portion 111 extending from the bottom 10b along the first direction X, and the N layers of first extension portions 111 are arranged along the second direction Y.
  • the separator 11 includes a second extension portion 112 extending from the top 10a in a direction opposite to the first direction X, and the second extension portion 112 is connected to the electrode terminal 20.
  • the second direction Y is the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 10.
  • the present application achieves fixing of the diaphragm 11 and reduces the space occupied by the battery cell 100 in the second direction Y by successively bending the first extension portions 111 located from the first layer to the N-1 layer along the second direction Y and connecting adjacent first extension portions 111, and connecting the second extension portions 112 to the electrode terminal 20, thereby improving space utilization, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 100, improving the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20, and reducing the risk of breakage of the electrode terminal 20 due to expansion of the battery cell 100.
  • a projection of the first extension portion 111 of the first layer does not overlap with a projection of the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer.
  • the projection of the first extension portion 111 located on the odd-numbered layer does not overlap with the projection of the first extension portion 111 located on the adjacent odd-numbered layer, which is beneficial to improving space utilization.
  • the projection of the first extension portion 111 of the first layer does not overlap with the projection of the first extension portion 111 of the third layer.
  • the projection of the first extension portion 111 located on an even-numbered layer does not overlap with the projection of the first extension portion 111 located on an adjacent even-numbered layer, which is beneficial to improving space utilization.
  • the projection of the first extension portion 111 of the second layer does not overlap with the projection of the first extension portion 111 of the fourth layer.
  • the diaphragm 11 when the electrode assembly 10 is wound, the diaphragm 11 extends out in the first direction X and forms a first extension portion 111 and a second extension portion 112.
  • the first extension portions 111 are bent and connected in sequence to adjacent first extension portions 111 to fix the diaphragm 11 on the bottom 10b side, and the electrode terminal 20 is connected to the diaphragm 11 on the top 10a side through the second extension portion 112, so that the diaphragm 11 is in an unfolded state along the first direction X, and the multi-layer wound diaphragms 11 are connected to form a whole, thereby improving the overall mechanical properties of the diaphragm 11 and reducing the risk of short circuit caused by curling and displacement of the diaphragm 11.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a positive electrode sheet 12 and a negative electrode sheet 13, and the separator 11 is disposed between the positive electrode sheet 12 and the negative electrode sheet 13.
  • the positive electrode sheet 12, the separator 11 and the negative electrode sheet 13 are wound in sequence.
  • the positive electrode sheet 12, the separator 11 and the negative electrode sheet 13 are stacked in sequence.
  • the positive electrode sheet 12 includes a first current collector 121 and a first active material layer 122, and along the thickness direction of the electrode assembly 10, the first active material layer 122 connects the surfaces on both sides of the first current collector 121.
  • the electrode terminal 20 is connected to the first current collector 121.
  • the electrode terminal 20 is welded to the first current collector 121.
  • the electrode terminal 20 is formed by cutting the portion of the first current collector 121 extending out of the first active material layer 122.
  • a first insulating rubber layer 123 is provided on both sides of the portion of the first current collector 121 extending out of the first active material layer 122 to protect the diaphragm 11 and reduce the risk of burrs on the portion of the first current collector 121 extending out of the first active material layer 122 piercing the diaphragm 11 and causing a short circuit.
  • the negative electrode sheet 13 includes a second current collector 131 and a second active material layer 132.
  • the second active material layer 132 connects the surfaces of both sides of the second current collector 131.
  • part of the separator 11 is located between the first active material layer 122 and the second active material layer 132.
  • Another electrode terminal 20 is connected to the second current collector 131.
  • another electrode terminal 20 is welded to the second current collector 131.
  • another electrode terminal 20 is formed by the second current collector. The portion of the body 131 extending beyond the second active material layer 132 is cut out.
  • the first current collector 121 may be connected to one electrode terminal 20
  • the second current collector 131 may be connected to one electrode terminal 20 .
  • the first current collector 121 may be connected to a plurality of electrode terminals 20
  • the second current collector 131 may be connected to a plurality of electrode terminals 20 .
  • each first current collector 121 is connected to at least one electrode terminal 20
  • each second current collector 131 is connected to at least one electrode terminal 20 .
  • the battery cell 100 includes a battery cell housing 30, and the battery cell housing 30 includes a main body 31 and a sealing portion 32.
  • the main body 31 is provided with a receiving space, and the electrode assembly 10 is disposed in the receiving space.
  • the sealing portion 32 seals the electrode assembly 10 in the main body 31 to reduce the risk of leakage.
  • the main body 31 includes a first shell 311 and a second shell 312, the first shell 311 is provided with a first recess 3111, and the second shell 312 is provided with a second recess 3112.
  • the first shell 311 is connected to the second shell 312 to form a receiving space.
  • Part of the electrode assembly 10 is provided in the first recess 3111, and part is provided in the second recess 3112.
  • the main body 31 includes a first shell 311 and a second shell 312, wherein the first shell 311 is provided with a first recess 3111, and the second shell 312 is flat.
  • the first shell 311 is connected to the second shell 312 to form a receiving space.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is provided in the first recess 3111.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a fixing glue 101 , and the fixing glue 101 can adhere the electrode assembly 10 to the battery cell housing 30 .
  • the battery cell 100 includes an electrolyte, which is disposed in the battery cell housing 30. Part of the electrolyte infiltrates the positive electrode sheet 12, the separator 11, and the negative electrode sheet 13 to conduct ions, and part of the electrolyte adheres to the surface of the battery cell housing 30 and/or the surface of the electrode assembly 10 in a free state.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a first conductive member 40, and the first conductive member 40 is connected to the electrode terminal 20.
  • the first conductive member 40 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 of at least one layer of the positive electrode sheet 12.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a stacked structure, the first conductive member 40 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 of each layer of the positive electrode sheet 12.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a second conductive member 50, and the second conductive member 50 is connected to another electrode terminal 20.
  • the second conductive member 50 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 of at least one layer of the negative electrode sheet 13.
  • the second conductive member 50 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 of each layer of the negative electrode sheet 13.
  • the first conductive member 40 and the second conductive member 50 are used to connect to other devices to achieve input and output of electrical energy.
  • the battery cell 100 includes a second insulating rubber layer 60, which covers the portion of the first conductive member 40 located in the battery cell housing 30, and can insulate the first conductive member 40, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the second insulating rubber layer 60 covers the portion of the second conductive member 50 located in the battery cell housing 30, and can insulate the second conductive member 50, thereby further reducing the risk of short circuit.
  • the surfaces on both sides of the first extension portion 111 are provided with a first adhesive layer (not shown), and at a certain temperature, the first adhesive layer is sticky, and the adjacent first extension portions 111 are sequentially bonded and arranged by the first adhesive layer, and the first adhesive layer can be bonded to the electrode terminal 20.
  • the first adhesive layer includes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the first adhesive layer softens at 85°C to 95°C and has a certain viscosity.
  • the softening temperature of the first adhesive layer can be any one of 85°C, 86°C, 87°C, 88°C, 89°C, 90°C, 91°C, 92°C, 93°C, 94°C, and 95°C.
  • surfaces on both sides of the diaphragm 11 are provided with a first adhesive layer.
  • the projection of any first extension portion 111 overlaps with the projection of the adjacent first extension portion 111, which can increase the connection area between the first extension portion 111 and the adjacent first extension portion 111, and improve the connection strength between the adjacent first extension portions 111.
  • the first extension portion 111 of each layer of the diaphragm 11 extends to the same length, the larger the connection area between the first extension portion 111 and the adjacent first extension portion 111, the greater the bending amplitude of the first extension portion 111 in the first direction X, and the space occupied by the first extension portion 111 in the first direction X can be reduced.
  • connection length between the first extension portion 111 and the adjacent first extension portion 111 is at least half of the length of the adjacent first extension portion 111.
  • connection length between the first extension portion 111 of the first layer and the first extension portion 111 of the second layer is half of the length of the first extension portion 111 of the second layer.
  • the length of the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer is less than the length of the first extension portion 111 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer. This can reduce the space occupied by the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer, which is beneficial to improving space utilization.
  • the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer includes a first section 111a and a second section 111b.
  • the second section 111b is bent to the side of the first extension portion 111 of the N-1th layer away from the positive electrode sheet 12.
  • the first extension portion 111 of the N-1th layer is located between the bent first section 111a and the second section 111b, which can ensure the connection strength between the first extension portion 111 of the N-1th layer and the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer.
  • the length of the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer along the first direction X can be made smaller than the length of the first extension portion 111 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer.
  • the length of the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer is equal to the length of the first extension portion 111 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer, which can improve the connection strength between the first extension portion 111 of the Nth layer and the first extension portion 111 of the N-1th layer, and further improve the overall connection strength of the multiple first extension portions 111 connected by bending, which is beneficial to fix the separator 11.
  • the first extension portion 111 of the N-1th layer is bent and connected to the first section 111a, and the second section 111b is bent and connected to the side of the first extension portion 111 of the N-1th layer away from the positive electrode sheet 12.
  • the length L 1 (not shown) of the first extension portion 111 of each layer extending from the first layer to the N-1th layer of the bottom 10b along the first direction X satisfies 1.6 ⁇ L 1 ⁇ 2.9 mm, which is beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion 111.
  • L 1 can be any one of 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, and 2.9 mm.
  • the length L 1 of the first extension portion 111 of each layer extending from the first layer to the N-1th layer of the bottom 10b along the first direction X satisfies 0.2mm ⁇ L 1 ⁇ 2mm, which is further conducive to reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion 111.
  • L 1 can be 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.42mm, 1.44mm, 1.46mm, 1.48mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, Any one of 2.0mm.
  • the main body 31 includes a first wall 313 and a second wall 314 arranged along a first direction X.
  • the first wall 313 is disposed opposite to the bottom 10b
  • the top 10a is disposed opposite to the second wall 314, and the first conductive member 40 and the second conductive member 50 extend out of the battery cell housing 30 from the second wall 314.
  • a distance H 1 between the second wall 314 and the negative electrode sheet 13 satisfies 0.1 mm ⁇ H 1 ⁇ 1.0 mm, and H 1 can be any one of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, and 1.0 mm.
  • the length L 2 of each layer of the first extension portion 111 extending from the bottom 10b after bending and connecting satisfies 0.1mm ⁇ L 2 ⁇ 0.8mm, further reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion 111 extending from the negative electrode sheet 13, and increasing the space between the second wall 314 and the first extension portion 111, which is beneficial to improving the space utilization rate.
  • L 2 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, and 0.8mm.
  • the distance D 1 between the second wall 314 and the first extension portion 111 satisfies 0mm ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 0.4mm, and the distance between the second wall 314 and the first extension portion 111 can be reduced along the first direction X, improving the space utilization rate, and reducing the length of the battery cell 100 along the first direction X, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • D1 can be any one of 0 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. It can be understood that the space between the second wall 314 and the first extension portion 111 can still be used to store part of the electrolyte.
  • the length L 2 of each layer of the first extension portion 111 extending from the bottom 10b after bending and connecting satisfies 0.1mm ⁇ L 2 ⁇ 0.3mm, further reducing the space occupied by the first extension portion 111 extending from the negative electrode sheet 13, further increasing the space between the second wall 314 and the first extension portion 111, and further facilitating the improvement of space utilization.
  • L 2 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, and 0.3mm.
  • Part of the electrolyte is located between the second wall 314 and the bottom 10b.
  • the distance D 1 between the second wall 314 and the first extension portion 111 satisfies 0mm ⁇ D 1 ⁇ 0.7mm.
  • D1 can be 0mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, Any one of 0.5mm, 0.6mm, and 0.7mm.
  • the second extension portion 112 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the positive electrode sheet 12.
  • the two outermost positive electrode sheets 12 are the first positive electrode sheet 12a and the second positive electrode sheet 12b
  • the positive electrode sheet 12 located between the first positive electrode sheet 12a and the second positive electrode sheet 12b is the third positive electrode sheet 12c.
  • the second extension portion 112 of the first layer is connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the first positive electrode sheet 12a
  • the second extension portion 112 of the Nth layer is connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the second positive electrode sheet 12b
  • the second extension portions 112 of the second layer to the N-1th layer are connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the third positive electrode sheet 12c.
  • each electrode terminal 20 connected to the third positive electrode sheet 12c is connected to the second extension portion 112 on both sides, which can improve the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20 connected to the positive electrode sheet 12, and each third positive electrode sheet 12c is connected to the second extension portion 112 on both sides, which can further improve the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20 connected to each third positive electrode sheet 12c, thereby reducing the risk of breakage of the electrode terminal 20 due to expansion of the battery cell 100.
  • the second extension portion 112 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the negative electrode sheet 13. Along the second direction Y, both sides of each electrode terminal 20 connected to the negative electrode sheet 13 are connected to the second extension portion 112, which can improve the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20 connected to the negative electrode sheet 13 and reduce the risk of the electrode terminal 20 being broken due to the expansion of the battery cell 100.
  • the second extension portion 112 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the positive electrode sheet 12, and the second extension portion 112 is connected to the electrode terminal 20 connected to the negative electrode sheet 13.
  • each electrode terminal 20 connected to the positive electrode sheet 12 is connected to the second extension portion 112
  • each electrode terminal 20 connected to the negative electrode sheet 13 is connected to the second extension portion 112, which can improve the tensile strength of each electrode terminal 20 connected to the electrode assembly 10, which is beneficial for each electrode terminal 20 to be subjected to a balanced force, and further reduce the risk of the electrode terminal 20 being broken due to the expansion of the battery cell 100.
  • At least a portion of the second extension portion 112 of the connecting electrode terminal 20 is connected to another second extension portion 112 on an adjacent electrode terminal 20 , which can further enhance the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20 and further reduce the risk of the electrode terminal 20 being broken due to expansion of the battery cell 100 .
  • the electrode terminal 20 connected to the positive electrode sheet 12 is connected to the second extension portion 112.
  • the diaphragm 11 includes a first diaphragm 11a, a second diaphragm 11b, a third diaphragm 11c, a fourth diaphragm 11d, a fifth diaphragm 11e, a sixth diaphragm 11f, a seventh diaphragm 11g, and an eighth diaphragm 11h.
  • the second extension portion 112 of the first diaphragm 11a is connected to the second extension portion 112 of the second diaphragm 11b.
  • the second extension portion 112 of the third diaphragm 11c is connected to the second extension portion 112 of the fourth diaphragm 11d.
  • the second extension portion 112 of the fifth diaphragm 11e is connected to the second extension portion 112 of the sixth diaphragm 11f.
  • the second extension portion 112 of the seventh diaphragm 11g is connected to the second extension portion 112 of the eighth diaphragm 11h.
  • connection length between the second extension portion 112 and the electrode terminal 20 is W (not shown in the figure), and W satisfies 1mm ⁇ W ⁇ 3mm, which can improve the connection strength between the second extension portion 112 and the electrode terminal 20, and is conducive to increasing the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20.
  • W can be any one of 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, 2.0mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, and 3.0mm.
  • the length of the second extension portion 112 extending from the positive electrode sheet 12 can be the connection length W between the second extension portion 112 and the electrode terminal 20.
  • the length of the second extension portion 112 extending from the positive electrode sheet 12 is slightly greater than the connection length W between the second extension portion 112 and the electrode terminal 20.
  • the electrode assembly 10 includes a first side portion 10c and a second side portion 10d arranged along a third direction Z, and the first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • each layer of the separator 11 includes a third extension portion 113, and the third extension portions 113 of the Nth layer extend out of the first side portion 10c in a direction opposite to the third direction Z.
  • the third extension portions 113 of each layer are arranged along the second direction Y.
  • the third extension portions 113 located in the first layer to the third extension portions 113 located in the N-1th layer are bent and connected to adjacent third extension portions 113.
  • the separator 11 extending from the first side portion 10c can be fixed, and the space occupied by the battery cell 100 in the second direction Y can be reduced, which can improve the space utilization rate and help improve the energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • a projection of the third extension portion 113 of the first layer does not overlap with a projection of the third extension portion 113 of the Nth layer.
  • the projection of the third extension portion 113 overlaps with the projection of the adjacent third extension portion 113, which can increase the connection area between the third extension portion 113 and the adjacent third extension portion 113, and improve the connection strength between the adjacent third extension portions 113.
  • the length of the third extension portion 113 of each layer of the diaphragm 11 is the same, the larger the connection area between the third extension portion 113 and the adjacent third extension portion 113, the greater the bending amplitude of the third extension portion 113 in the third direction Z, and the space occupied by the third extension portion 113 in the third direction Z can be reduced.
  • connection length between the third extension portion 113 and the adjacent third extension portion 113 is at least half of the length of the adjacent third extension portion 113.
  • connection length between the third extension portion 113 of the first layer of diaphragm and the third extension portion 113 of the second layer of diaphragm is half of the length of the third extension portion 113 of the second layer of diaphragm.
  • the length of the third extension portion 113 of the Nth layer is less than the length of the third extension portion 113 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer, which can reduce the space occupied by the third extension portion 113 of the Nth layer, which is beneficial to improve space utilization.
  • the third extension portion 113 and the first extension portion 111 are cut in the same manner so that along the direction opposite to the third direction Z, the length of the third extension portion 113 of the Nth layer is less than the length of the third extension portion 113 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer.
  • the length of the third extension portion 113 of the Nth layer is equal to the length of the third extension portion 113 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer, which can enhance the connection strength between the third extension portion 113 of the Nth layer and the third extension portion 113 of the N-1th layer, and further enhance the overall connection strength of the multiple third extension portions 113 connected in a curved manner, which is beneficial to fix the diaphragm 11.
  • the length L 3 (not shown) of the third extension portion 113 from the first layer to the N-1th layer satisfies 1.6 ⁇ L 3 ⁇ 2.9 mm, which is beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the third extension portion 113.
  • L 3 can be any one of 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, and 2.9 mm.
  • the length L 3 of the third extension portion 113 from the first layer to the N-1th layer satisfies 1mm ⁇ L 3 ⁇ 1.5mm, which is further beneficial to reduce the space occupied by the third extension portion 113.
  • L 3 can be 1.0mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.42mm, 1.44mm, 1.46mm, Any one of 1.48mm.
  • the main body 31 includes a third wall 315 and a fourth wall 316 arranged along the third direction Z.
  • the third wall 315 is arranged opposite to the first side portion 10c
  • the second side portion 10d is arranged opposite to the fourth wall 316.
  • Part of the electrolyte is located between the third wall 315 and the first side portion 10c.
  • the distance H2 between the third wall 315 and the negative electrode sheet 13 satisfies 0.1mm ⁇ H2 ⁇ 1.0mm
  • H2 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, and 1.0mm.
  • the length L 2 of each layer of the third extension portion 113 extending from the first side portion 10c after bending and connecting satisfies 0.1mm ⁇ L 4 ⁇ 0.6mm, further reducing the space occupied by the third extension portion 113 extending from the negative electrode sheet 13, and increasing the space between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113, which is beneficial to improving the space utilization rate.
  • L 4 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, and 0.6mm.
  • the distance D 2 between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113 satisfies 0mm ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 0.4mm, and the distance between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113 can be reduced along the third direction Z, improving the space utilization rate, and reducing the width of the battery cell 100 along the third direction Z, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • D 2 can be any one of 0mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, and 0.4mm. It can be understood that the space between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113 can still be used to store part of the electrolyte.
  • the length L 4 of each layer of the third extension portion 113 extending out of the first side portion 10c after bending and connecting satisfies 0.1mm ⁇ L 4 ⁇ 0.3mm, further reducing the space occupied by the third extension portion 113 extending out of the negative electrode sheet 13, further increasing the space between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113, and further facilitating the improvement of space utilization.
  • L 4 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, and 0.3mm.
  • Part of the electrolyte is located between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113.
  • the distance D 2 between the third wall 315 and the third extension portion 113 satisfies 0mm ⁇ D 2 ⁇ 0.7mm.
  • D2 can be 0mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, Any one of 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm.
  • each layer of the separator 11 when the electrode assembly 10 is stacked, each layer of the separator 11 includes a fourth extension portion 114, and the fourth extension portion 114 extends from the second side portion 10d along the third direction Z.
  • Each layer of the fourth extension portion 114 is arranged along the second direction Y. Along the second direction Y, the fourth extension portion 114 located in the first layer to the fourth extension portion 114 located in the N-1 layer are bent and connected to adjacent fourth extension portions 114.
  • the separator 11 extending from the second side portion 10d can be fixed, and the space occupied by the battery cell 100 in the second direction Y can be further reduced, which can further improve the space utilization rate, and further help to improve the energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • a projection of the fourth extension portion 114 of the first diaphragm layer does not overlap with a projection of the fourth extension portion 114 of the Nth diaphragm layer.
  • the projection of the fourth extension portion 114 overlaps with the projection of the adjacent fourth extension portion 114, which can increase the connection area between the fourth extension portion 114 and the adjacent fourth extension portion 114, and improve the connection strength between the adjacent fourth extension portions 114.
  • the connection length between the fourth extension portion 114 and the adjacent fourth extension portion 114 is at least half of the length of the adjacent fourth extension portion 114.
  • the connection length between the fourth extension portion 114 of the first layer and the fourth extension portion 114 of the second layer is half of the length of the fourth extension portion 114 of the second layer.
  • the length of the fourth extension portion 114 of the Nth layer is less than the length of the fourth extension portion 114 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer, which can reduce the space occupied by the fourth extension portion 114 of the Nth layer, which is beneficial to improve space utilization.
  • the fourth extension portion 114 and the first extension portion 111 are cut in the same manner so that along the third direction Z, the length of the fourth extension portion 114 of the Nth layer is less than the length of the fourth extension portion 114 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer.
  • the length of the fourth extension portion 114 of the Nth layer is equal to The length of the fourth extension portion 114 of any layer from the first layer to the N-1th layer can enhance the connection strength between the fourth extension portion 114 of the Nth layer and the fourth extension portion 114 of the N-1th layer, and further enhance the overall connection strength of the multiple fourth extension portions 114 connected in a curved manner, which is beneficial to fixing the diaphragm 11.
  • the length L 5 (not shown) of the fourth extension portion 114 from the first layer to the N-1th layer satisfies 1.6 ⁇ L 5 ⁇ 2.9 mm, which is beneficial to reducing the space occupied by the fourth extension portion 114.
  • L 5 can be any one of 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, and 2.9 mm.
  • the length L 5 of the fourth extension portion 114 of the first layer to the N-1th layer satisfies 1 mm ⁇ L 5 ⁇ 1.5 mm, which is further beneficial to reduce the space occupied by the fourth extension portion 114.
  • L 5 can be any one of 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.42 mm, 1.44 mm, 1.46 mm, and 1.48 mm.
  • a distance H 3 between the fourth wall 316 and the negative electrode sheet 13 satisfies 0.1 mm ⁇ H 3 ⁇ 1.0 mm, and H 3 may be any one of 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, and 1.0 mm.
  • the length L 6 of each layer of the fourth extension portion 114 extending from the second side portion 10d after bending and connecting satisfies 0.1mm ⁇ L 6 ⁇ 0.6mm, further reducing the space occupied by the fourth extension portion 114 extending from the negative electrode sheet 13, and increasing the space between the fourth wall 316 and the fourth extension portion 114, which is beneficial to improving the space utilization rate.
  • L 6 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, and 0.6mm.
  • the distance D 3 between the fourth wall 316 and the second side portion 10d satisfies 0mm ⁇ D 3 ⁇ 0.4mm, and the distance between the fourth wall 316 and the second side portion 10d can be reduced along the third direction Z, improving the space utilization rate, and further reducing the width of the battery cell 100 along the third direction Z, which is beneficial to improving the energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • D 3 can be any one of 0mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, and 0.4mm. It can be understood that the space between the fourth wall 316 and the second side portion 10d can still be used to store part of the electrolyte.
  • the length L 6 of each layer of the fourth extension portion 114 extending out of the second side portion 10d after being bent and connected satisfies 0.1 mm ⁇ L 6 ⁇ 0.3 mm, further reducing the length of the fourth extension portion 114.
  • the space occupied by the extended negative electrode sheet 13 can further increase the space between the battery housing 30 and the fourth extension portion 114, which is further conducive to improving the space utilization rate.
  • L6 can be any one of 0.1mm, 0.2mm, and 0.3mm. Part of the electrolyte is located between the fourth wall 316 and the second side portion 10d.
  • the distance D3 between the fourth wall 316 and the second side portion 10d satisfies 0mm ⁇ D3 ⁇ 0.7mm .
  • D3 can be any one of 0mm, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, and 0.7mm.
  • the diaphragm 11 when the electrode assembly 10 is stacked, the diaphragm 11 extends in the first direction X to form a first extension portion 111 and a second extension portion 112, and the diaphragm 11 extends in the third direction Z to form a third extension portion 113 and a fourth extension portion 114.
  • the first extension portions 111 are bent and connected in sequence to the adjacent first extension portions 111, the diaphragm 11 on the bottom 10b side is fixed, the electrode terminal 20 is connected through the second extension portion 112, the diaphragm 11 on the top 10a side is fixed, the third extension portion 113 is bent and connected in sequence to the adjacent third extension portions 113, the diaphragm 11 on the first side 10c is fixed, the fourth extension portion 114 is bent and connected in sequence to the adjacent fourth extension portions 114, and the diaphragm 11 on the second side 10d is fixed, so that the diaphragm 11 is in an unfolded state along the first direction X and the third direction Z, and the multi-layer stacked diaphragms 11 are connected to form a whole, thereby improving the overall mechanical properties of the diaphragm 11 and reducing the risk of short circuit caused by curling and displacement of the diaphragm 11.
  • the electrode assembly 10 is a stacked structure.
  • the bottom 10b, the first side 10c and the second side 10d of the existing electrode assembly 10 containing a wound glue battery cell are all provided with wound glue.
  • the battery cell 100 with a size of 4.9mm (thickness)*62mm (width)*68mm (length) is taken as an example.
  • each winding glue can reduce the thickness by 10um along the second direction Y, thereby reducing the space occupied by the battery cell 100 in the second direction Y, which can improve the space utilization and the energy density of the battery cell 100.
  • the present application connects the electrode terminal 20 through the second extension portion 112, which can improve the tensile strength of the electrode terminal 20 and reduce the risk of the electrode terminal 20 breaking and causing the battery cell to have low capacity.
  • the present application also provides a battery 200 using the battery cell 100 of any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery 200 may be a lithium secondary battery, including a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
  • the present application also provides an electric device 300 using the above-mentioned battery 200.
  • the electric device 300 of the present application can be, but is not limited to, electronic equipment, drones, backup power supplies, electric vehicles, electric motorcycles, electric power-assisted bicycles, electric tools, large household batteries, etc.

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Abstract

本申请公开一种电芯、电池及用电设备，电芯包括电极组件和电极端子。电极组件具有沿第一方向设置的顶部和底部。电极端子连接顶部。电极组件卷绕或层叠形成，电极组件包括N层隔膜，N为大于或等于3的自然数。每层隔膜包括沿第一方向伸出底部的第一延伸部，N层第一延伸部沿第二方向排列，沿第二方向，位于第一层的第一延伸部至位于第N-1层的第一延伸部弯曲设置并连接相邻的第一延伸部。隔膜包括伸出顶部的第二延伸部，第二延伸部连接电极端子。本申请有利于提升电芯的能量密度和电极端子的拉伸强度。

Description

电芯、电池及用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电芯、电池及用电设备。
背景技术
电池目前广泛应用于无人机、电动汽车、电子设备等领域。目前的电芯多通过绕胶粘接伸出极片的隔膜，以固定隔膜，但绕胶会占用电芯厚度方向的空间，降低电芯的能量密度，目前的电芯通常采用多层电极端子折叠，折弯期间，多层电极端子内部积累了应力，在电芯循环时，电极组件发生膨胀而对电极端子产生拉扯，容易使电极端子断裂，最终引起电芯容量损失。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种电芯、电池及用电设备，可提升电极端子的拉伸强度以及电芯的能量密度。
本申请的实施例提供了一种电芯，包括电极组件和电极端子。电极组件具有沿第一方向排列的顶部和底部。电极端子连接顶部。电极组件卷绕或层叠形成。电极组件包括N层隔膜，N为大于或等于3的自然数。每层隔膜包括沿第一方向伸出底部的第一延伸部。N层第一延伸部沿第二方向排列。沿第二方向，位于第一层的第一延伸部至位于第N-1层的第一延伸部弯曲设置，并连接相邻的第一延伸部。隔膜包括沿与第一方向相反的方向伸出顶部的第二延伸部。第二延伸部连接电极端子。第二方向为电极组件的厚度方向。本申请通过隔膜的第一延伸部沿第二方向依次弯曲并连接相邻的第一延伸部，以及第二延伸部连接电极端子，可实现固定隔膜，并减小电芯在第二方向占用的空间，可提升空 间利用率，有利于提升电芯的能量密度，提升电极端子的拉伸强度，降低由电芯膨胀而导致电极端子断裂的风险。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，沿与第一方向相反的方向，任一第一延伸部的投影与相邻的第一延伸部的投影有重叠，可增加第一延伸部与相邻的第一延伸部的连接面积，提升相邻的第一延伸部之间的连接强度，且第一延伸部与相邻的第一延伸部的连接面积越大，第一延伸部在第一方向上的弯曲的幅度越大，可减小第一延伸部在第一方向上占用的空间。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，连接电极端子的至少部分第二延伸部连接相邻的电极端子上的另一第二延伸部，可进一步提升电极端子的拉伸强度，进一步降低由电芯膨胀而导致电极端子断裂的风险。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件包括沿第三方向排列的第一侧部和第二侧部。当电极组件层叠设置，每层隔膜包括沿与第三方向相反的方向伸出第一侧部的第三延伸部。N层所第三延伸部沿第二方向排列，沿第二方向，位于第一层的第三延伸部至位于第N-1层的第三延伸部弯曲设置，并连接相邻的第三延伸部。第一方向、第二方向和第三方向两两垂直，可实现固定从第一侧部伸出的隔膜，并减小电芯在第二方向占用的空间，可提升空间利用率，有利于提升电芯的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，每层隔膜包括沿第三方向伸出第二侧部的第四延伸部。N层第四延伸部沿第二方向排列，沿第二方向，位于第一层的第四延伸部至位于第N-1层的第四延伸部弯曲设置，并连接相邻的第四延伸部。可实现固定从第二侧部伸出的隔膜，并进一步减小电芯在第二方向占用的空间，可进一步提升空间利用率，进一步有利于提升电芯的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，第N层的第一延伸部的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第一延伸部的长度，可减小第N层的第一延伸部占用的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，沿第一方向伸出底部的第一层至第N- 1层中每层的第一延伸部的长度L1，满足0.2mm≤L1＜2mm，进一步有利于减小第一延伸部占用的空间。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，弯曲连接后的每层第一延伸部伸出底部的长度L2，满足0.1mm≤L2≤0.8mm，进一步减小第一延伸部伸出负极片占用的空间，可提升电芯壳体与第一延伸部之间的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，电芯包括电芯壳体和电解液。电极组件设于电芯壳体内。电芯壳体包括沿第一方向排列的第一壁和第二壁。部分电解液位于第二壁和第一延伸部之间。沿第一方向，第二壁和第一延伸部之间的距离D1，满足0mm≤D1≤0.4mm，可沿第一方向减小第二壁和第一延伸部之间的距离，提升空间利用率，可减小电芯沿第一方向的长度，有利于提升电芯的能量密度。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，沿第一方向，弯曲连接后的每层第一延伸部伸出底部的长度L2，满足0.1mm≤L2≤0.3mm，进一步减小第一延伸部伸出负极片占用的空间，可进一步提升电芯壳体与第一延伸部之间的空间，进一步有利于提升空间利用率。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，电芯包括电芯壳体和电解液。电极组件设于电芯壳体内。电芯壳体包括沿第一方向排列的第一壁和第二壁。部分电解液位于第二壁和第一延伸部之间。沿第一方向，第二壁和第一延伸部之间的距离D1，满足0mm≤D1≤0.7mm。在第二壁与负极片之间的距离固定的情况下，第一延伸部伸出底部的长度L2越小，第二壁和第一延伸部之间的空间越大，增加存储电解液的空间，更有利于降低涨液风险。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，第一延伸部设有第一粘接层，相邻的第一延伸部粘接设置，便于相邻的第一延伸部连接。
可选地，在本申请的一些实施例中，电极组件包括正极片和负极片。正极片、隔膜和负极片依次卷绕或层叠设置。正极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物 质层。沿电极组件的厚度方向，第一活性物质层连接第一集流体两侧的表面。第一集流体伸出第一活性物质层的部分的两侧设有第一绝缘胶层，第一绝缘胶层可保护隔膜，降低第一集流体伸出第一活性物质层的部分上的毛刺刺穿隔膜，导致短路的风险。
本申请一实施例还提供了一种电池，包括上述任意一实施例中的电芯。
本申请一实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括上述任意一实施例中的电池。
附图说明
图1示出了一些实施例中电芯的分解示意图。
图2示出了一些实施例中电芯沿II-II的剖面示意图。
图3示出了另一些实施例中电芯沿II-II的剖面示意图。
图4示出了一些实施例中电芯沿III-III的剖面示意图。
图5示出了一些实施例中电池和用电设备的结构示意图。
主要元件符号说明：
电芯  100
电极组件  10
顶部  10a
底部  10b
第一侧部  10c
第二侧部  10d
隔膜  11
第一层隔膜  11a
第二层隔膜  11b
第三层隔膜  11c
第四层隔膜  11d
第五层隔膜  11e
第六层隔膜  11f
第七层隔膜  11g
第八层隔膜  11h
第一延伸部  111
第一区段  111a
第二区段  111b
第二延伸部  112
第三延伸部  113
第四延伸部  114
正极片  12
第一正极片  12a
第二正极片  12b
第三正极片  12c
第一集流体  121
第一活性物质层  122
第一绝缘胶层  123
负极片  13
第二集流体  131
第二活性物质层  132
电极端子  20
电芯壳体  30
主体部  31
第一壳体  311
第一凹部  3111
第二壳体  312
第二凹部  3112
第一壁  313
第二壁  314
第三壁  315
第四壁  316
密封部  32
固定胶  101
第一导电件  40
第二导电件  50
第二绝缘胶层  60
电池  200
用电设备  300
第一方向  X
第二方向  Y
第三方向  Z
如下具体实施例将结合上述附图进一步说明本申请。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施方式是示例性而非限制的，其旨在提供对本申请的基本了解，并不旨在确认本申请的关键或决定性的要素或限定所要保护的范围。只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。
当一个组件被认为是“设于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中的组件。
可以理解，术语“垂直”用于描述两个部件之间的理想状态。实际生产或使用的状态中，两个部件之间可以存在近似于垂直或等于的状态。举例来说，结 合数值描述，垂直可以指代两直线之间夹角范围在90°±10°之间，垂直也可以指代两平面的二面角范围在90°±10°之间，垂直还可以指代直线与平面之间的夹角范围在90°±10°之间。被描述“垂直”的两个部件可以不是绝对的直线、平面，也可以大致呈直线或平面，从宏观来看整体延伸方向为直线或平面即可认为部件为“直线”或“平面”。
除非另有定义，本文术语“多个”在用于描述部件的数量时，具体是指该部件为两个或者两个以上。
请参阅图1和图2，本申请一实施例提供了一种电芯100，包括电极组件10和电极端子20。电极组件10包括沿第一方向X排列的顶部10a和底部10b，电极端子20连接顶部10a。电极组件10卷绕或层叠形成，电极组件10包括N层隔膜11，其中，N为大于或等于3的自然数。每层隔膜11包括沿第一方向X伸出底部10b的第一延伸部111，N层第一延伸部111沿第二方向Y排列。沿第二方向Y，位于第一层的第一延伸部111至位于第N-1层的第一延伸部111弯曲设置，并连接相邻的第一延伸部111。隔膜11包括沿与第一方向X相反的方向伸出顶部10a的第二延伸部112，第二延伸部112连接电极端子20。第二方向Y为电极组件10的厚度方向。本申请通过位于第一层至第N-1层的第一延伸部111沿第二方向Y依次弯曲并连接相邻的第一延伸部111，以及第二延伸部112与电极端子20连接，可实现固定隔膜11，并减小电芯100在第二方向Y占用的空间，可提升空间利用率，有利于提升电芯100的能量密度，提升电极端子20的拉伸强度，降低由电芯100膨胀而导致电极端子20断裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，沿与第一方向X相反的方向，第一层的第一延伸部111的投影与第N层的第一延伸部111的投影不重叠。
在一些实施例中，沿与第一方向X相反的方向，位于奇数层的第一延伸部111的投影与相邻的位于奇数层的第一延伸部111的投影不重合，有利于提升空间利用率。比如，第一层的第一延伸部111的投影与第三层的第一延伸部111的投影不重叠。
在一些实施例中，当N为大于或等于4的自然数，沿与第一方向X相反的方向，位于偶数层的第一延伸部111的投影与相邻的位于偶数层的第一延伸部111的投影不重合，有利于提升空间利用率。比如，第二层的第一延伸部111的投影与第四层的第一延伸部111的投影不重叠。
在一些实施例中，当电极组件10卷绕设置时，隔膜11在第一方向X上伸出，并形成第一延伸部111和第二延伸部112，通过第一延伸部111依次弯曲并连接相邻的第一延伸部111，固定底部10b一侧的隔膜11，通过第二延伸部112连接电极端子20，固定顶部10a一侧的隔膜11，使得隔膜11沿第一方向X处于展开状态，多层卷绕的隔膜11连接形成一个整体，提升隔膜11整体的机械性能，减小隔膜11卷曲、位移造成短路的风险。
在一些实施例中，电极组件10包括正极片12和负极片13，隔膜11设于正极片12和负极片13之间。可选的，正极片12、隔膜11和负极片13依次卷绕设置。可选的，正极片12、隔膜11和负极片13依次层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，正极片12包括第一集流体121和第一活性物质层122，沿电极组件10的厚度方向，第一活性物质层122连接第一集流体121两侧的表面。电极端子20连接第一集流体121。可选的，电极端子20焊接连接第一集流体121。可选的，沿第一方向X，电极端子20由第一集流体121伸出第一活性物质层122的部分裁剪形成。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向Y，第一集流体121伸出第一活性物质层122的部分的两侧设有第一绝缘胶层123，可保护隔膜11，降低第一集流体121伸出第一活性物质层122的部分上的毛刺刺穿隔膜11，导致短路的风险。
在一些实施例中，负极片13包括第二集流体131和第二活性物质层132，沿电极组件10的厚度方向，第二活性物质层132连接第二集流体131两侧的表面。沿第二方向Y，隔膜11的部分位于第一活性物质层122和第二活性物质层132之间。另一电极端子20连接第二集流体131。可选的，另一电极端子20焊接连接第二集流体131。可选的，沿第一方向X，另一电极端子20由第二集流 体131伸出第二活性物质层132的部分裁剪形成。
在一些实施例中，当电极组件10卷绕设置时，第一集流体121可连接一个电极端子20，第二集流体131可连接一个电极端子20。
在一些实施例中，当电极组件10卷绕设置时，第一集流体121可连接多个电极端子20，第二集流体131可连接多个电极端子20。
在一些实施例中，当电极组件10层叠设置时，每个第一集流体121连接至少一个电极端子20，每个第二集流体131连接至少一个电极端子20。
在一些实施例中，电芯100包括电芯壳体30，电芯壳体30包括主体部31和密封部32。主体部31设有容纳空间，电极组件10设置于容纳空间内。密封部32将电极组件10密封与主体部31内，减小漏液风险。
可选的，主体部31包括第一壳体311和第二壳体312，第一壳体311设有第一凹部3111，第二壳体312设有第二凹部3112。第一壳体311连接第二壳体312，并形成容纳空间。电极组件10的部分设于第一凹部3111，部分设于第二凹部3112。
可选的，主体部31包括第一壳体311和第二壳体312，第一壳体311设有第一凹部3111，第二壳体312为平坦状。第一壳体311连接第二壳体312，并形成容纳空间。电极组件10设于第一凹部3111。
在一些实施例中，电芯100包括固定胶101，固定胶101可将电极组件10粘接于电芯壳体30。
在一些实施例中，电芯100包括电解液，电解液设于电芯壳体30内。部分电解液浸润正极片12、隔膜11和负极片13，用来传导电离子，部分电解液以游离状态附着于电芯壳体30表面和\或电极组件10表面。
在一些实施例中，电芯100包括第一导电件40，第一导电件40连接电极端子20。可选的，当电极组件10为卷绕结构时，第一导电件40连接其中至少一层的正极片12的电极端子20。可选的，当电极组件10为叠片结构时，第一导电件40连接每一层的正极片12的电极端子20。
在一些实施例中，电芯100包括第二导电件50，第二导电件50连接另一电极端子20。可选的，当电极组件10为卷绕结构时，第二导电件50连接其中至少一层的负极片13的电极端子20。可选的，当电极组件10为叠片结构时，第二导电件50连接每一层的负极片13的电极端子20。
在一些实施例中，第一导电件40和第二导电件50用于连接其他设备，实现电能的输入和输出。
在一些实施例中，电芯100包括第二绝缘胶层60，第二绝缘胶层60包覆第一导电件40位于电芯壳体30内的部分，可对第一导电件40绝缘，降低短路风险。第二绝缘胶层60包覆第二导电件50位于电芯壳体30内的部分，可对第二导电件50绝缘，进一步降低短路风险。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向Y，第一延伸部111两侧的表面设有第一粘接层(图未示)，在一定的温度下，第一粘接层具有粘性，相邻的第一延伸部111通过第一粘接层依次粘接设置，第一粘接层可粘接于电极端子20。可选的，第一粘接层包括聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)。可选的，第一粘接层在85℃至95℃会软化并具有一定粘性。可选的，第一粘接层的软化温度可以为85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃、89℃、90℃、91℃、92℃、93℃、94℃、95℃中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，沿第二方向Y，隔膜11两侧的表面均设有第一粘接层。
请参阅图2，在一些实施例中，沿与第一方向X相反的方向，任一第一延伸部111的投影与相邻的第一延伸部111的投影有重叠，可增加第一延伸部111与相邻的第一延伸部111的连接面积，提升相邻的第一延伸部111之间的连接强度，且在每层的隔膜11的第一延伸部111伸出的长度相同的情况下，第一延伸部111与相邻的第一延伸部111的连接面积越大，第一延伸部111在第一方向X上的弯曲的幅度越大，可减小第一延伸部111在第一方向X上占用的空间。可选的，第一延伸部111与相邻的第一延伸部111的连接长度至少为相邻的第一延伸部111的长度的一半。例如，第一层的第一延伸部111与第二层的第一延伸部111的连接长度为第二层的第一延伸部111的长度的一半。
请参阅图2和图3，在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，第N层的第一延伸部111的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第一延伸部111的长度，可减小第N层的第一延伸部111占用的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。
在一些实施例中，第N层的第一延伸部111包括第一区段111a和第二区段111b，当第N-1层的第一延伸部111弯曲并连接第一区段111a，第二区段111b弯曲至第N-1层的第一延伸部111背离正极片12的一侧，此时第N-1层的第一延伸部111位于弯曲的第一区段111a和第二区段111b之间，可保证第N-1层的第一延伸部111与第N层的第一延伸部111的连接强度。通过裁切第二区段111b，可使得沿第一方向X，第N层的第一延伸部111的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第一延伸部111的长度。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，第N层的第一延伸部111的长度等于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第一延伸部111的长度，可提升第N层的第一延伸部111和第N-1层的第一延伸部111的连接强度，进一步提升弯曲连接的多个第一延伸部111的整体连接强度，有利于固定隔膜11。可选的，第N-1层的第一延伸部111弯曲并连接第一区段111a，第二区段111b弯曲连接第N-1层的第一延伸部111背离正极片12的一侧。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X伸出底部10b的第一层至第N-1层的每层的第一延伸部111的长度L1(图未标识)，L1满足1.6≤L1≤2.9mm，有利于减小第一延伸部111占用的空间。L1可以为1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、2.0mm、2.1mm、2.2mm、2.3mm、2.4mm、2.5mm、2.6mm、2.7mm、2.8mm、2.9mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X伸出底部10b的第一层至第N-1层的每层的第一延伸部111的长度L1，L1满足0.2mm≤L1＜2mm，进一步有利于减小第一延伸部111占用的空间。L1可以为0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1.0mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.42mm、1.44mm、1.46mm、1.48mm、1.5mm、1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、 2.0mm中的任意一个。
在一实施例中，主体部31包括沿第一方向X排列的第一壁313和第二壁314。沿第一方向X，第一壁313与底部10b相对设置，顶部10a与第二壁314相对设置，第一导电件40和第二导电件50由第二壁314伸出电芯壳体30。沿第一方向X，第二壁314和负极片13之间的距离H1，满足0.1mm≤H1≤1.0mm，H1可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1.0mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，弯曲连接后的每层第一延伸部111伸出底部10b的长度L2，L2满足0.1mm≤L2≤0.8mm，进一步减小第一延伸部111伸出负极片13占用的空间，可提升第二壁314与第一延伸部111之间的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。L2可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm中的任意一个。沿第一方向X，第二壁314和第一延伸部111之间的距离D1，满足0mm≤D1≤0.4mm，可沿第一方向X减小第二壁314和第一延伸部111之间的距离，提升空间利用率，可减小电芯100沿第一方向X的长度，有利于提升电芯100的能量密度。D1可以为0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm中的任意一个。可以理解的是，第二壁314和第一延伸部111之间的空间仍可用于存储部分电解液。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，弯曲连接后的每层第一延伸部111伸出底部10b的长度L2，L2满足0.1mm≤L2≤0.3mm，进一步减小第一延伸部111伸出负极片13占用的空间，可进一步提升第二壁314与第一延伸部111之间的空间，进一步有利于提升空间利用率。L2可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm中的任意一个。部分电解液位于第二壁314和底部10b之间。沿第一方向X，第二壁314和第一延伸部111之间的距离D1，满足0mm≤D1≤0.7mm，在第二壁314与负极片13之间的距离固定的情况下，第一延伸部111伸出底部10b的长度L2越小，第二壁314和第一延伸部111之间的空间越大，增加存储电解液的空间，更有利于降低涨液风险。D1可以为0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、 0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm中的任意一个。
请参阅图2和图3，在一些实施例中，第二延伸部112连接与正极片12连接的电极端子20。沿第二方向Y，以位于最外侧的两个正极片12为第一正极片12a和第二正极片12b，以位于第一正极片12a和第二正极片12b之间的正极片12为第三正极片12c。第一层的第二延伸部112连接与第一正极片12a连接的电极端子20，第N层的第二延伸部112连接与第二正极片12b连接的电极端子20，第二层至第N-1层的第二延伸部112连接与第三正极片12c连接的电极端子20。沿第二方向Y，每个与第三正极片12c连接的电极端子20的两侧均连接有第二延伸部112，可提升与正极片12连接的电极端子20的拉伸强度，且每个第三正极片12c的两侧均连接有第二延伸部112，可进一步提升与每个第三正极片12c连接的电极端子20的拉伸强度，降低由电芯100膨胀而导致电极端子20断裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二延伸部112连接与负极片13连接的电极端子20。沿第二方向Y，每个与负极片13连接的电极端子20的两侧均连接有第二延伸部112，可提升与负极片13连接的电极端子20的拉伸强度，降低由电芯100膨胀而导致电极端子20断裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，第二延伸部112连接与正极片12连接的电极端子20，第二延伸部112连接与负极片13连接的电极端子20。沿第二方向Y，每个与正极片12连接的电极端子20连接有第二延伸部112，每个与负极片13连接的电极端子20连接有第二延伸部112，可提升与电极组件10连接的每个电极端子20的拉伸强度，有利于每个电极端子20均衡受力，进一步降低由电芯100膨胀而导致电极端子20断裂的风险。
在一些实施例中，连接电极端子20的至少部分第二延伸部112连接相邻的电极端子20上的另一第二延伸部112，可进一步提升电极端子20的拉伸强度，进一步降低由电芯100膨胀而导致电极端子20断裂的风险。
请参阅图2和图3，以第二延伸部112连接与正极片12连接的电极端子20 为例进行说明，可选的，隔膜11包括第一层隔膜11a、第二层隔膜11b、第三层隔膜11c、第四层隔膜11d、第五层隔膜11e、第六层隔膜11f、第七层隔膜11g、第八层隔膜11h。第一层隔膜11a的第二延伸部112连接第二层隔膜11b的第二延伸部112。第三层隔膜11c的第二延伸部112连接第四层隔膜11d的第二延伸部112。第五层隔膜11e的第二延伸部112连接第六层隔膜11f的第二延伸部112。第七层隔膜11g的第二延伸部112连接第八层隔膜11h的第二延伸部112。
在一些实施例中，第二延伸部112与电极端子20的连接长度为W(图未标识)，W满足1mm≤W≤3mm，可提升第二延伸部112与电极端子20连接强度，有利于增加电极端子20的拉伸强度。W可以为1.0mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.5mm、1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、2.0mm、2.1mm、2.2mm、2.3mm、2.4mm、2.5mm、2.6mm、2.7mm、2.8mm、2.9mm、3.0mm中的任意一个。可选的，第二延伸部112伸出正极片12的长度可以为第二延伸部112与电极端子20的连接长度W。可选的，第二延伸部112伸出正极片12的长度略大于第二延伸部112与电极端子20的连接长度W。
请参阅图1和图4，在一些实施例中，电极组件10包括沿第三方向Z排列的第一侧部10c和第二侧部10d，第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z两两垂直。当电极组件10为层叠设置时，每层隔膜11包括第三延伸部113，N层第三延伸部113沿与第三方向Z相反的方向伸出第一侧部10c。每层第三延伸部113沿第二方向Y排列。沿第二方向Y，位于第一层的第三延伸部113至位于第N-1层的第三延伸部113弯曲设置，并连接相邻的第三延伸部113。通过第一层至第N-1层的第三延伸部113沿第二方向Y依次弯曲并连接相邻的第三延伸部113，可实现固定从第一侧部10c伸出的隔膜11，并减小电芯100在第二方向Y占用的空间，可提升空间利用率，有利于提升电芯100的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向Z，第一层的第三延伸部113的投影与第N层的第三延伸部113的投影不重合。
在一些实施例中，沿与第三方向Z相反的方向，第三延伸部113的投影与相邻的第三延伸部113的投影有重叠，可增加第三延伸部113与相邻的第三延伸部113的连接面积，提升相邻的第三延伸部113之间的连接强度，且在每层的隔膜11的第三延伸部113伸出的长度相同的情况下，第三延伸部113与相邻的第三延伸部113的连接面积越大，第三延伸部113在第三方向Z上的弯曲的幅度越大，可减小第三延伸部113在第三方向Z上占用的空间。可选的，第三延伸部113与相邻的第三延伸部113的连接长度至少为相邻的第三延伸部113的长度的一半。例如，第一层隔膜的第三延伸部113与第二层隔膜的第三延伸部113的连接长度为第二层隔膜的第三延伸部113的长度的一半。
在一些实施例中，沿与第三方向Z相反的方向，第N层的第三延伸部113的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第三延伸部113的长度，可减小第N层的第三延伸部113占用的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。可选的，第三延伸部113与第一延伸部111采用相同的方式，通过裁切，使得沿与第三方向Z相反的方向，第N层的第三延伸部113的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第三延伸部113的长度。
在一些实施例中，沿与第三方向Z相反的方向，第N层的第三延伸部113的长度等于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第三延伸部113的长度，可提升第N层的第三延伸部113和第N-1层的第三延伸部113的连接强度，进一步提升弯曲连接的多个第三延伸部113的整体连接强度，有利于固定隔膜11。
在一些实施例中，第一层至第N-1层的第三延伸部113的长度L3(图未标识)，L3满足1.6≤L3≤2.9mm，有利于减小第三延伸部113占用的空间。L3可以为1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、2.0mm、2.1mm、2.2mm、2.3mm、2.4mm、2.5mm、2.6mm、2.7mm、2.8mm、2.9mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，第一层至第N-1层的第三延伸部113的长度L3，L3满足1mm≤L3＜1.5mm，进一步有利于减小第三延伸部113占用的空间。L3可以为1.0mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.42mm、1.44mm、1.46mm、 1.48mm中的任意一个。
在一实施例中，主体部31包括沿第三方向Z排列的第三壁315和第四壁316。沿第三方向Z，第三壁315与第一侧部10c相对设置，第二侧部10d与第四壁316相对设置。部分电解液位于第三壁315与第一侧部10c之间。沿第三方向Z，第三壁315和负极片13之间的距离H2，满足0.1mm≤H2≤1.0mm，H2可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1.0mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，弯曲连接后的每层第三延伸部113伸出第一侧部10c的长度L2，满足0.1mm≤L4≤0.6mm，进一步减小第三延伸部113伸出负极片13占用的空间，可提升第三壁315与第三延伸部113之间的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。L4可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm中的任意一个。沿第三方向Z，第三壁315与第三延伸部113之间的距离D2，满足0mm≤D2≤0.4mm，可沿第三方向Z减小第三壁315与第三延伸部113之间的距离，提升空间利用率，可减小电芯100沿第三方向Z的宽度，有利于提升电芯100的能量密度。D2可以为0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm中的任意一个。可以理解的是，第三壁315和第三延伸部113之间的空间仍可用于存储部分电解液。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，弯曲连接后的每层第三延伸部113伸出第一侧部10c的长度L4，满足0.1mm≤L4≤0.3mm，进一步减小第三延伸部113伸出负极片13占用的空间，可进一步提升第三壁315与第三延伸部113之间的空间，进一步有利于提升空间利用率。L4可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm中的任意一个。部分电解液位于第三壁315和第三延伸部113之间。沿第三方向Z，第三壁315与第三延伸部113之间的距离D2，满足0mm≤D2≤0.7mm，在第三壁315和第三延伸部113之间的距离固定的情况下，第三延伸部113伸出第一侧部10c的长度L4越小，第三壁315和第三延伸部113之间的空间越大，增加存储电解液的空间，更有利于降低涨液风险。D2可以为0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、 0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，当电极组件10为层叠设置时，每层隔膜11包括第四延伸部114，第四延伸部114沿第三方向Z伸出第二侧部10d。每层第四延伸部114沿第二方向Y排列。沿第二方向Y，位于第一层的第四延伸部114至位于第N-1层的第四延伸部114弯曲设置，并连接相邻的第四延伸部114。通过第一层至第N-1层的第四延伸部114沿第二方向Y依次弯曲并连接相邻的第四延伸部114，可实现固定从第二侧部10d伸出的隔膜11，并进一步减小电芯100在第二方向Y占用的空间，可进一步提升空间利用率，进一步有利于提升电芯100的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，沿与第三方向Z相反的方向，第一层隔膜的第四延伸部114的投影与第N层隔膜的第四延伸部114的投影不重合。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向Z，第四延伸部114的投影与相邻的第四延伸部114的投影有重叠，可增加第四延伸部114与相邻的第四延伸部114的连接面积，提升相邻的第四延伸部114之间的连接强度，且在每层第四延伸部114伸出的长度相同的情况下，第四延伸部114与相邻的第四延伸部114的连接面积越大，第四延伸部114在第三方向Z上的弯曲的幅度越大，可减小第四延伸部114在第三方向Z上占用的空间。可选的，第四延伸部114与相邻的第四延伸部114的连接长度至少为相邻的第四延伸部114的长度的一半。例如，第一层的第四延伸部114与第二层的第四延伸部114的连接长度为第二层的第四延伸部114的长度的一半。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向Z，第N层的第四延伸部114的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第四延伸部114的长度，可减小第N层的第四延伸部114占用的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。可选的，第四延伸部114与第一延伸部111采用相同的方式，通过裁切，使得沿第三方向Z，第N层的第四延伸部114的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第四延伸部114的长度。
在一些实施例中，沿第三方向Z，第N层的第四延伸部114的长度等于第 一层至第N-1层中任意一层的第四延伸部114的长度，可提升第N层的第四延伸部114和第N-1层的第四延伸部114的连接强度，进一步提升弯曲连接的多个第四延伸部114的整体连接强度，有利于固定隔膜11。
在一些实施例中，第一层至第N-1层的第四延伸部114的长度L5(图未标识)，L5满足1.6≤L5≤2.9mm，有利于减小第四延伸部114占用的空间。L5可以为1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、2.0mm、2.1mm、2.2mm、2.3mm、2.4mm、2.5mm、2.6mm、2.7mm、2.8mm、2.9mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，第一层至第N-1层的第四延伸部114的长度L5，L5满足1mm≤L5＜1.5mm，进一步有利于减小第四延伸部114占用的空间。L5可以为1.0mm、1.1mm、1.2mm、1.3mm、1.4mm、1.42mm、1.44mm、1.46mm、1.48mm中的任意一个。
在一实施例中，沿第三方向Z，第四壁316和负极片13之间的距离H3，满足0.1mm≤H3≤1.0mm，H3可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1.0mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，弯曲连接后的每层第四延伸部114伸出第二侧部10d的长度L6，满足0.1mm≤L6≤0.6mm，进一步减小第四延伸部114伸出负极片13占用的空间，可提升第四壁316与第四延伸部114之间的空间，有利于提升空间利用率。L6可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm中的任意一个。沿第三方向Z，第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间的距离D3，满足0mm≤D3≤0.4mm，可沿第三方向Z减小第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间的距离，提升空间利用率，可进一步减小电芯100沿第三方向Z的宽度，有利于提升电芯100的能量密度。D3可以为0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm中的任意一个。可以理解的是，第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间的空间仍可用于存储部分电解液。
在一些实施例中，沿第一方向X，弯曲连接后的每层第四延伸部114伸出第二侧部10d的长度L6，满足0.1mm≤L6≤0.3mm，进一步减小第四延伸部114 伸出负极片13占用的空间，可进一步提升电芯壳体30与第四延伸部114之间的空间，进一步有利于提升空间利用率。L6可以为0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm中的任意一个。部分电解液位于第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间。沿第三方向Z，第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间的距离D3，满足0mm≤D3≤0.7mm，在第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间的距离固定的情况下，第四延伸部114伸出第二侧部10d的长度L6越小，第四壁316与第二侧部10d之间的空间越大，增加存储电解液的空间，更有利于降低涨液风险。D3可以为0mm、0.1mm、0.2mm、0.3mm、0.4mm、0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm中的任意一个。
在一些实施例中，当电极组件10层叠设置时，隔膜11在第一方向X上伸出，并形成第一延伸部111和第二延伸部112，隔膜11在第三方向Z上伸出，并形成第三延伸部113和第四延伸部114，通过第一延伸部111依次弯曲并连接相邻的第一延伸部111，固定底部10b一侧的隔膜11，通过第二延伸部112连接电极端子20，固定顶部10a一侧的隔膜11，通过第三延伸部113依次弯曲并连接相邻的第三延伸部113，固定第一侧部10c一侧的隔膜11，通过第四延伸部114依次弯曲并连接相邻的第四延伸部114，固定第二侧部10d一侧的隔膜11，可使隔膜11沿第一方向X和第三方向Z处于展开状态，多层层叠的隔膜11连接形成一个整体，提升隔膜11整体的机械性能，减小隔膜11卷曲、位移造成短路的风险。
下面将通过具体的实施例对本申请作进一步的说明。
以电极组件10为层叠结构，现有含绕胶电芯的电极组件10的底部10b、第一侧部10c和第二侧部10d均设有绕胶，采用电芯100尺寸为4.9mm(厚度)*62mm(宽度)*68mm(长度)为例。
从上表可以看出，本申请在电极组件10未设置固定胶101的一侧，沿第二方向Y，每个绕胶可减小10um的厚度量，进而减小电芯100在第二方向Y占用的空间，可提升空间利用率，并提升电芯100的能量密度。本申请通过第二延伸部112连接电极端子20，可提升电极端子20的拉伸强度，降低电极端子20断裂导致电芯低容的风险。
请参阅图5，本申请还提供一种采用上述任一实施例的电芯100的电池200。具体的，可选地，电池200可以为锂二次电池，包括锂金属二次电池、锂离子二次电池、锂聚合物二次电池和锂离子聚合物二次电池。
请参阅图5，本申请还提供一种采用上述电池200的用电设备300。在一实施方式中，本申请的用电设备300可以是，但不限于电子设备、无人机、备用电源、电动汽车、电动摩托车、电动助力自行车、电动工具、家庭用大型蓄电池等。
本技术领域的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施例仅是用来说明本申请，而并非用作为对本申请的限定，只要在本申请的实质精神范围内，对以上实施例所作的适当改变和变化都落在本申请公开的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种电芯，其特征在于，包括电极组件和电极端子，
    所述电极组件具有沿第一方向设置的顶部和底部，所述电极端子连接所述顶部；
    所述电极组件卷绕或层叠形成，所述电极组件包括N层隔膜，N为大于或等于3的自然数；
    每层所述隔膜包括沿所述第一方向伸出所述底部的第一延伸部，N层所述第一延伸部沿第二方向排列，沿所述第二方向，位于第一层的所述第一延伸部至位于第N-1层的所述第一延伸部弯曲设置，并连接相邻的所述第一延伸部；
    所述隔膜包括沿与所述第一方向相反的方向伸出所述顶部的第二延伸部，所述第二延伸部连接所述电极端子；
    所述第二方向为所述电极组件的厚度方向。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，沿与所述第一方向相反的方向，任一所述第一延伸部的投影与相邻的所述第一延伸部的投影有重叠。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，连接所述电极端子的至少部分所述第二延伸部连接相邻的所述电极端子上的另一所述第二延伸部。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述电极组件包括沿第三方向排列的第一侧部和第二侧部，当所述电极组件层叠设置，每层所述隔膜包括沿与所述第三方向相反的方向伸出所述第一侧部的第三延伸部，N层所述第三延伸部沿第二方向排列，沿所述第二方向，位于第一层的所述第三延伸部至位于第N-1层的所述第三延伸部弯曲设置，并连接相邻的所述第三延伸部，所述第一方向、第二方向和第三方向两两垂直。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电芯，其特征在于，每层所述隔膜包括沿所述第三方向伸出所述第二侧部的第四延伸部，N层所述第四延伸部沿第二方向排列，沿所述第二方向，位于第一层的所述第四延伸部至位于第N-1层的所述第 四延伸部弯曲设置，并连接相邻的所述第四延伸部。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向伸出所述底部的第一层至第N-1层中每层的所述第一延伸部的长度L1，满足0.2mm≤L1＜2mm。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电芯，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，弯曲连接后的每层所述第一延伸部伸出所述底部的长度L2，满足0.1mm≤L2≤0.8mm。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述电芯包括电芯壳体和电解液，所述电极组件设于所述电芯壳体内，所述电芯壳体包括沿所述第一方向排列的第一壁和第二壁，部分所述电解液位于所述第二壁和第一延伸部之间，沿所述第一方向，所述第二壁和第一延伸部之间的距离D1，满足0mm≤D1≤0.4mm。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电芯，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，弯曲连接后的每层所述第一延伸部伸出所述底部的长度L2，满足0.1mm≤L2≤0.3mm。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述电芯包括电芯壳体和电解液，所述电极组件设于所述电芯壳体内，所述电芯壳体包括沿所述第一方向排列的第一壁和第二壁，部分所述电解液位于所述第二壁和第一延伸部之间，沿所述第一方向，所述第二壁和第一延伸部之间的距离D1，满足0mm≤D1≤0.7mm。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，沿所述第一方向，第N层所述第一延伸部的长度小于第一层至第N-1层中任意一层的所述第一延伸部的长度。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述第一延伸部设有第一粘接层，相邻的所述第一延伸部粘接设置。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述电极组件包括正极片和负极片，所述正极片、隔膜和负极片依次卷绕或层叠设置，所述正极片包括第一集流体和第一活性物质层，沿所述电极组件的厚度方向，所述第一活性物质层连接所述第一集流体两侧的表面，所述第一集流体伸出所述第一活性物质层的部分的两侧设有第一绝缘胶层。
  14. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-13任意一项所述的电芯。
  15. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求14所述的电池。
PCT/CN2024/093415 2023-06-13 2024-05-15 电芯、电池及用电设备 Ceased WO2024255514A1 (zh)

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