WO2024255224A1 - 桥塞及生产管柱 - Google Patents

桥塞及生产管柱 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024255224A1
WO2024255224A1 PCT/CN2024/071078 CN2024071078W WO2024255224A1 WO 2024255224 A1 WO2024255224 A1 WO 2024255224A1 CN 2024071078 W CN2024071078 W CN 2024071078W WO 2024255224 A1 WO2024255224 A1 WO 2024255224A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
expansion
slip
expansion body
bridge plug
support ring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2024/071078
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李明
佘朝毅
范宇
李文哲
喻成刚
尹强
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Petrochina Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Petrochina Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Petrochina Co Ltd filed Critical Petrochina Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024255224A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024255224A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/134—Bridging plugs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/128—Packers; Plugs with a member expanded radially by axial pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
    • E21B33/129—Packers; Plugs with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to oil and gas downhole construction, in particular to a bridge plug and a production pipe string.
  • casing isolation operations need to be performed.
  • the tool used is required to have an outer diameter as small as possible, and at the same time, it must expand to the largest possible outer diameter after being lowered into the operating position. Therefore, to achieve this isolation operation, a bridge plug with a large expansion rate is required.
  • the existing bridge plug has an insufficient expansion rate and therefore cannot achieve the above function.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a downhole bridge plug with a high expansion rate, which is suitable for extremely variable diameter casing and effectively solves the problems of large annular space setting, anchoring and sealing.
  • the present invention provides a bridge plug on one hand, characterized in that the bridge plug includes a cava, a first expansion body having a tapered first outer peripheral surface, a second expansion body having a tapered second outer peripheral surface, a first tube portion having a tapered third outer peripheral surface and a second tube portion having a tapered fourth outer peripheral surface, and the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first expansion body is inserted into the upper end of the cava, and the second expansion body can be inserted into the lower end of the cava, so that the first outer peripheral surface and the second outer peripheral surface can squeeze the cava to make the cava undergo a first radial expansion; the first tube portion can be inserted into the first expansion body and the second tube portion can be inserted into the second expansion body, so that the first expansion body and the second expansion body can expand radially respectively, so that the cava undergoes a second radial expansion.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first tube portion pushes the first expansion body to gradually insert into the upper end of the cava, and at the same time the second tube portion pushes the second expansion body to gradually insert into the lower end of the cava, so that the cava first performs the first radial expansion and then performs the second radial expansion.
  • the force required for radial expansion of the first expansion body and the force required for radial expansion of the second expansion body are respectively greater than the force required for radial expansion of the slips.
  • the first expansion body includes a tapered first main body and a first support ring connected to a large end of the first main body
  • the second expansion body includes a tapered second main body and a second support ring connected to a large end of the second main body.
  • the force required to break the first support ring is greater than the radial force of the slip.
  • the force required for expansion, the force required for the second support ring to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip.
  • the first body portion includes a plurality of first expansion plates arranged circumferentially
  • the second body portion includes a plurality of second expansion plates arranged circumferentially.
  • the first expansion plate is integrally connected to the first support ring
  • the second expansion plate is integrally connected to the second support ring
  • the slips include a plurality of tooth plates arranged circumferentially.
  • the slips include sealing rings connected to both ends of the tooth plate.
  • the number of the tooth plates, the number of the first expansion plates, and the number of the second expansion plates are the same.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate is provided with a first limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the first expansion plate is provided with a first limiting strip
  • the first limiting grooves can respectively guide the first limiting strip to move axially.
  • a second limiting groove is disposed on the inner surface of the tooth plate, and a second limiting strip is disposed on the outer surface of the second expansion plate, and the second limiting groove can guide the second limiting strip to move axially.
  • a ball pitching seat is disposed at the upper end of the first tube portion.
  • the first pipe portion includes a first reducer and a first circular pipe connected to a large end of the first reducer
  • the second pipe portion includes a second reducer and a second circular pipe connected to a large end of the second reducer.
  • the present solution provides a production tubing, wherein the production tubing includes a continuous oil pipe, a sealing tool, a center rod and a bridge plug arranged on the center rod which are connected in sequence, and the bridge plug is the bridge plug described in the above solution.
  • the operation process of the production string is:
  • the bridge plug, the center rod, the sealing tool and the coiled tubing are connected in sequence and lowered to the designed position, and the sealing tool is pressurized through the wellhead to compress the first expansion body and the second expansion body to expand respectively, so that the slips are radially expanded twice to achieve sealing and sealing; then, the coiled tubing is lifted up to drive the center rod and the sealing tool to separate from the bridge plug, and lifted to the wellhead for removal; then, a sealing soluble ball is pumped to seal the sealing soluble ball with the first expansion body; finally, the wellhead is lifted up to perform fracturing construction by pumping pump pressure to obtain new fracturing cracks.
  • the two expansion bodies can achieve one expansion by squeezing the cava through the gradually shrinking outer peripheral surface, and achieve another expansion of the cava through the expansion of the two expansion bodies themselves, thereby achieving two expansions of the cava, improving the expansion rate of the cava, and realizing extreme casing change sealing operations.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bridge plug in a first working state according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG1;
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the bridge plug in the second working state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG3
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of the bridge plug in the third working state according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG5
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a production string according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a production string in a first working state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a production string in a second working state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of placing sealed soluble balls during the construction process
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of new cracks generated by fracturing construction.
  • the present scheme provides a bridge plug, wherein the bridge plug includes a cava 1, a first expansion body 2 having a tapered first outer peripheral surface, a second expansion body 3 having a tapered second outer peripheral surface, a first tube portion 4 having a tapered third outer peripheral surface, and a second tube portion 5 having a tapered fourth outer peripheral surface.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first expansion body 2 is inserted into the upper end of the cava 1, and the second expansion body 3 is inserted into the lower end of the cava 1, so that the first outer peripheral surface and the second outer peripheral surface can squeeze the cava 1 so that the cava 1 undergoes a first radial expansion; the first tube portion 4 is inserted into the first expansion body 2 and the second tube portion 5 is inserted into the second expansion body 3, so that the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 can expand radially respectively, so that the cava 1 undergoes a second radial expansion.
  • the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 can be similar or identical structures, and are respectively formed into a tubular shape and have a tapered outer circumference.
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the first expansion body 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cava 1, while the outer diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the cava 1.
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the second expansion body 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cava 1, while the outer diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the cava 1.
  • the cava 1 when the first expansion body 2 is inserted into the upper end of the cava 1 through its small end, a radially outward force can be applied to the inner circumference of the cava 1 through the first outer circumference of the first expansion body 2, so that the cava 1 expands radially outward.
  • the second expansion body 3 when the second expansion body 3 is inserted into the lower end of the cava 1 through its small end, the cava 1 also expands radially outward.
  • the cava by inserting the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 into the two ends of the cava 1 respectively, the cava can be realized. 1 overall radial expansion.
  • the first tube portion 4 has a tapered outer circumferential surface
  • the second tube portion 5 has a tapered outer circumferential surface
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the first tube portion 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2
  • the outer diameter of the large end of the first tube portion 4 is larger than the inner diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the second tube portion 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3
  • the outer diameter of the large end of the second tube portion 5 is larger than the inner diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3.
  • the first tube portion 4 applies a radially outward extrusion force to the first expansion body 2, so that the first expansion body 2 expands radially outward, and the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 causes the cava 1 to expand radially again;
  • the second tube portion 5 applies a radially outward extrusion force to the second expansion body 3, so that the second expansion body 3 expands radially outward, and the radial expansion of the second expansion body 3 causes the cava 1 to expand radially again, therefore, the second radial expansion of the cava 1 can be achieved through the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3.
  • the two expansion bodies can achieve one expansion by squeezing the slips through the gradually shrinking outer peripheral surface, and achieve another expansion of the slips through the expansion of the two expansion bodies themselves, thereby achieving two expansions of the slips, improving the expansion rate of the slips, and realizing extreme casing change sealing operations.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first tube portion 4 pushes the first expansion body 2 to gradually insert into the upper end of the slip 1, and at the same time, the second tube portion 5 pushes the second expansion body 3 to gradually insert into the lower end of the slip 1, so that the slip 1 first performs the first radial expansion, and then performs the second radial expansion. That is to say, the insertion of the first expansion body 2 into the slip 1 is achieved by the push of the first tube portion 4, and the insertion of the second expansion body 3 into the lower end of the slip 1 is achieved by the push of the second tube portion 5.
  • first tube portion 4 into the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 2 into the slip 1, and then push the first tube portion 4, and on the other hand, insert the second tube portion 5 into the second expansion body 3 and the second expansion body 3 into the slip 1, and then push the second tube portion 5, so that the two expansions of the slip 1 can be achieved in sequence.
  • the two expansion bodies can be respectively inserted into the slip 1 to achieve the first expansion, and then the two tube portions can be respectively inserted to achieve the second expansion of the slip 1.
  • the force required for the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the force required for the radial expansion of the second expansion body 3 are respectively greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the extrusion force required for the slip 1 to start expanding is less than the extrusion force required for the first expansion body 2 to expand and the extrusion force required for the second expansion body 3 to expand.
  • the second expansion body 2 starts to expand. That is to say, when the first tube 4 is gradually inserted into the first expansion body 2, the second expansion body 2 is also gradually inserted into the slip 1, first realizing the first radial expansion of the slip 1, and then realizing the second radial expansion of the slip 1 through the expansion of the second expansion body 2.
  • the second expansion body 3 and the second tube 5 are also similarly configured, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first expansion body 2 includes a first tapered main body portion 22 and a first support ring 21 connected to the large end of the first main body portion 22, and the second expansion body 3 includes a second tapered main body portion 32 and a first support ring 21 connected to the large end of the first main body portion 22.
  • the second support ring 31 is connected to the large end of the second main body 32.
  • the small end of the first main body 22 is used to be inserted into the upper end of the slip 1
  • the small end of the second main body 32 is used to be inserted into the lower end of the slip 1.
  • the first support ring 21 is connected to the large end of the first main body 22 and allows the first pipe 4 to be inserted.
  • the second support ring 31 is connected to the large end of the second main body 32 and allows the second pipe 5 to be inserted.
  • the force required for the first support ring 21 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1, and the force required for the second support ring 31 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the first support ring 21 is configured as a structure that limits the first expansion body 2 from starting to expand, that is, the first support ring 21 needs to be broken first, and the extrusion force required for the first support ring 21 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the slip 1 starts to expand first, and then the first tube 4 squeezes the first support ring 21 to break, and the first main body 22 starts to expand to act on the slip 1 to achieve its second radial expansion.
  • the second expansion body 3 and the second tube 5 are also configured similarly, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first main body 22 includes a plurality of first expansion plates arranged circumferentially
  • the second main body 32 includes a plurality of second expansion plates arranged circumferentially.
  • the first expansion plates are arranged circumferentially, and when the first expansion body 2 expands radially, the circumferential spacing between adjacent first expansion plates increases, so that the first main body 22 can be expanded and deployed; similarly, the second expansion plates are arranged circumferentially, and when the second expansion body 3 expands radially, the circumferential spacing between adjacent second expansion plates increases, so that the second main body 32 can be expanded and deployed.
  • the first expansion plate is integrally connected to the first support ring 21, and the second expansion plate is integrally connected to the second support ring 31.
  • a plurality of first expansion plates and the first support ring 21 are integrally connected to form a whole, and when the first support ring 21 is broken into a plurality of circumferentially arranged parts, the plurality of first expansion plates can be allowed to expand away from each other; similarly, a plurality of second expansion plates and the second support ring 31 are integrally connected to form a whole, and when the second support ring 31 is broken into a plurality of circumferentially arranged parts, the plurality of second expansion plates can be allowed to expand away from each other.
  • a plurality of pre-breaking points can be set on the first support ring 21, so that it can be broken into a plurality of parts corresponding to the plurality of first expansion plates, and a plurality of pre-breaking points can be set on the second support ring 31, so that it can be broken into a plurality of parts corresponding to the plurality of second expansion plates.
  • the slip 1 includes a plurality of tooth plates 11 arranged circumferentially. During the expansion of the slip 1, the circumferential spacing of the plurality of tooth plates 11 increases to achieve radial expansion.
  • the outer surface of the tooth plate 11 may be provided with a slip tooth, so that the slip tooth can be engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve.
  • the slip 1 includes sealing rings 12 connected to both ends of the tooth plate 11.
  • the sealing ring 12 is made of a sealing material, which can be a plastic material or an elastic material.
  • the sealing ring 12 also expands, and the outer circumference of the sealing ring 12 can fit the inner circumference of the casing to form a seal.
  • the number of the tooth plates 11, the number of the first expansion plates and the number of the second expansion plates are the same.
  • the first expansion plates can correspond to the tooth plates 11 one by one
  • the second expansion plates can correspond to the tooth plates 11 one by one, that is, radial alignment is convenient for synchronous radial outward expansion, and the circumferential relative displacement of the first expansion plates, the second expansion plates and the tooth plates 11 is reduced.
  • the tooth plates 11, the first expansion plates and the second expansion plates can be set to 6 respectively.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate 11 is provided with a first limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the first expansion plate is provided with a first limiting strip
  • the first limiting groove can guide the first limiting strip to move axially.
  • the first limiting groove extends along the axial direction
  • the first limiting strip also extends roughly along the axial direction.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate 11 is provided with a second limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the second expansion plate is provided with a second limiting strip
  • the second limiting groove can guide the second limiting strip to move axially.
  • the second limiting groove extends along the axial direction
  • the second limiting strip also extends roughly along the axial direction.
  • a ball pitching seat is provided at the upper end of the first tube 4.
  • the ball pitching seat can carry a ball thrown into it to achieve corresponding operations.
  • the first pipe portion 4 includes a first reducer 42 and a first circular pipe 41 connected to the large end of the first reducer 42
  • the second pipe portion 5 includes a second reducer 52 and a second circular pipe 51 connected to the large end of the second reducer 52.
  • the pitching seat described above may be provided in the first circular pipe 41.
  • the first circular pipe 41 may be used to connect to other pipe fittings
  • the second circular pipe 51 may be connected to other pipe fittings.
  • the cava teeth (roughly cylindrical) on the outer surface of the tooth plate 11 are made of ceramic or alloy and are insoluble structures, and the remaining structures are made of soluble materials, such as magnesium-aluminum alloy, that is, the bridge plug is basically soluble and is a soluble bridge plug.
  • the outer diameter of the slip 1 is 60 mm, and after the first expansion, the outer diameter expands to 90 mm, with an expansion rate of 50%, and after the second expansion, the outer diameter expands to 114.3 mm, with an expansion rate of 40.5%, and the total expansion rate is 85.7%.
  • the present scheme provides a bridge plug, wherein the bridge plug includes a cava 1, a first expansion body 2 having a tapered first outer peripheral surface, a second expansion body 3 having a tapered second outer peripheral surface, a first tube portion 4 having a tapered third outer peripheral surface, and a second tube portion 5 having a tapered fourth outer peripheral surface.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first expansion body 2 is inserted into the upper end of the cava 1, and the second expansion body 3 is inserted into the lower end of the cava 1, so that the first outer peripheral surface and the second outer peripheral surface can squeeze the cava 1 so that the cava 1 undergoes a first radial expansion; the first tube portion 4 is inserted into the first expansion body 2 and the second tube portion 5 is inserted into the second expansion body 3, so that the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 can expand radially respectively, so that the cava 1 undergoes a second radial expansion.
  • the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 can be similar or identical structures, and are respectively formed into a tubular shape and have a tapered outer peripheral surface.
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the first expansion body 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slip 1, and the outer diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the slip 1.
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the second expansion body 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slip 1, and the outer diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the slip 1.
  • the first expansion body 2 passes through the When the small end is inserted into the upper end of the slip 1, the first outer peripheral surface of the first expansion body 2 can apply a radially outward force to the inner peripheral surface of the slip 1, so that the slip 1 expands radially outward.
  • the second expansion body 3 is inserted into the lower end of the slip 1 through its small end, the slip 1 also expands radially outward.
  • the overall radial expansion of the slip 1 can be achieved.
  • the first tube portion 4 has a tapered outer circumferential surface
  • the second tube portion 5 has a tapered outer circumferential surface
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the first tube portion 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2
  • the outer diameter of the large end of the first tube portion 4 is larger than the inner diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the second tube portion 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3
  • the outer diameter of the large end of the second tube portion 5 is larger than the inner diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3.
  • the first tube portion 4 applies a radially outward extrusion force to the first expansion body 2, so that the first expansion body 2 expands radially outward, and the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 causes the cava 1 to expand radially again;
  • the second tube portion 5 applies a radially outward extrusion force to the second expansion body 3, so that the second expansion body 3 expands radially outward, and the radial expansion of the second expansion body 3 causes the cava 1 to expand radially again, therefore, the second radial expansion of the cava 1 can be achieved through the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3.
  • the two expansion bodies can achieve one expansion by squeezing the slips through the gradually shrinking outer peripheral surface, and achieve another expansion of the slips through the expansion of the two expansion bodies themselves, thereby achieving two expansions of the slips, improving the expansion rate of the slips, and realizing extreme casing change sealing operations.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first tube portion 4 pushes the first expansion body 2 to gradually insert into the upper end of the slip 1, and at the same time, the second tube portion 5 pushes the second expansion body 3 to gradually insert into the lower end of the slip 1, so that the slip 1 first performs the first radial expansion, and then performs the second radial expansion. That is to say, the insertion of the first expansion body 2 into the slip 1 is achieved by the push of the first tube portion 4, and the insertion of the second expansion body 3 into the lower end of the slip 1 is achieved by the push of the second tube portion 5.
  • first tube portion 4 into the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 2 into the slip 1, and then push the first tube portion 4, and on the other hand, insert the second tube portion 5 into the second expansion body 3 and the second expansion body 3 into the slip 1, and then push the second tube portion 5, so that the two expansions of the slip 1 can be achieved in sequence.
  • the two expansion bodies can be respectively inserted into the slip 1 to achieve the first expansion, and then the two tube portions can be respectively inserted to achieve the second expansion of the slip 1.
  • the force required for the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the force required for the radial expansion of the second expansion body 3 are respectively greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the cava 1.
  • the extrusion force required for the start of expansion of the cava 1 is less than the extrusion force required for the expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the extrusion force required for the expansion of the second expansion body 3.
  • the second expansion body 2 starts to expand. That is to say, when the first tube 4 is gradually inserted into the first expansion body 2, the second expansion body 2 is also gradually inserted into the cava 1, first realizing the first radial expansion of the cava 1, and then through the expansion of the second expansion body 2 The second radial expansion of the slip 1 is shown.
  • the second expansion body 3 and the second pipe portion 5 are also similarly configured, and will not be described again.
  • the first expansion body 2 includes a tapered first main body 22 and a first support ring 21 connected to the large end of the first main body 22, and the second expansion body 3 includes a tapered second main body 32 and a second support ring 31 connected to the large end of the second main body 32.
  • the small end of the first main body 22 is used to be inserted into the upper end of the slip 1
  • the small end of the second main body 32 is used to be inserted into the lower end of the slip 1.
  • the first support ring 21 is connected to the large end of the first main body 22 and can allow the first pipe 4 to be inserted
  • the second support ring 31 is connected to the large end of the second main body 32 and can allow the second pipe 5 to be inserted.
  • the force required for the first support ring 21 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1, and the force required for the second support ring 31 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the first support ring 21 is configured as a structure that limits the first expansion body 2 from starting to expand, that is, the first support ring 21 needs to be broken first, and the extrusion force required for the first support ring 21 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the slip 1 starts to expand first, and then the first tube 4 squeezes the first support ring 21 to break, and the first main body 22 starts to expand to act on the slip 1 to achieve its second radial expansion.
  • the second expansion body 3 and the second tube 5 are also configured similarly, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first main body 22 includes a plurality of first expansion plates arranged circumferentially
  • the second main body 32 includes a plurality of second expansion plates arranged circumferentially.
  • the first expansion plates are arranged circumferentially, and when the first expansion body 2 expands radially, the circumferential spacing between adjacent first expansion plates increases, so that the first main body 22 can be expanded and deployed; similarly, the second expansion plates are arranged circumferentially, and when the second expansion body 3 expands radially, the circumferential spacing between adjacent second expansion plates increases, so that the second main body 32 can be expanded and deployed.
  • the first expansion plate is integrally connected to the first support ring 21, and the second expansion plate is integrally connected to the second support ring 31.
  • a plurality of first expansion plates and the first support ring 21 are integrally connected to form a whole, and when the first support ring 21 is broken into a plurality of circumferentially arranged parts, the plurality of first expansion plates can be allowed to expand away from each other; similarly, a plurality of second expansion plates and the second support ring 31 are integrally connected to form a whole, and when the second support ring 31 is broken into a plurality of circumferentially arranged parts, the plurality of second expansion plates can be allowed to expand away from each other.
  • a plurality of pre-breaking points can be set on the first support ring 21, so that it can be broken into a plurality of parts corresponding to the plurality of first expansion plates, and a plurality of pre-breaking points can be set on the second support ring 31, so that it can be broken into a plurality of parts corresponding to the plurality of second expansion plates.
  • the slip 1 includes a plurality of tooth plates 11 arranged circumferentially. During the expansion of the slip 1, the circumferential spacing of the plurality of tooth plates 11 increases to achieve radial expansion.
  • the outer surface of the tooth plate 11 may be provided with a slip tooth, so that the slip tooth can be engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve.
  • the slip 1 includes sealing rings 12 connected to both ends of the tooth plate 11.
  • the sealing ring 12 is made of a sealing material, which can be a plastic material or an elastic material.
  • the sealing ring 12 also expands, and the outer circumference of the sealing ring 12 can fit the inner circumference of the casing to form a seal.
  • the number of the tooth plates 11, the number of the first expansion plates and the number of the second expansion plates are the same.
  • the first expansion plates can correspond to the tooth plates 11 one by one
  • the second expansion plates can correspond to the tooth plates 11 one by one, that is, radial alignment is convenient for synchronous radial outward expansion, reducing the number of the first expansion plates and the second expansion plates.
  • the relative displacement in the circumferential direction with the tooth plate 11. the tooth plate 11, the first expansion plate and the second expansion plate can be set to 7 respectively.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate 11 is provided with a first limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the first expansion plate is provided with a first limiting strip
  • the first limiting groove can respectively guide the first limiting strip to move axially.
  • the first limiting groove extends along the axial direction
  • the first limiting strip also extends roughly along the axial direction.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate 11 is provided with a second limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the second expansion plate is provided with a second limiting strip
  • the second limiting groove can guide the second limiting strip to move axially.
  • the second limiting groove extends along the axial direction
  • the second limiting strip also extends roughly along the axial direction.
  • a ball pitching seat is provided at the upper end of the first tube 4.
  • the ball pitching seat can carry a ball thrown into it to achieve corresponding operations.
  • the first pipe portion 4 includes a first reducer 42 and a first circular pipe 41 connected to the large end of the first reducer 42
  • the second pipe portion 5 includes a second reducer 52 and a second circular pipe 51 connected to the large end of the second reducer 52.
  • the pitching seat described above may be provided in the first circular pipe 41.
  • the first circular pipe 41 may be used to connect to other pipe fittings
  • the second circular pipe 51 may be connected to other pipe fittings.
  • the cava teeth (roughly cylindrical) on the outer surface of the tooth plate 11 are made of ceramic or alloy and are insoluble structures, and the remaining structures are made of soluble materials, such as magnesium-aluminum alloy, that is, the bridge plug is basically soluble and is a soluble bridge plug.
  • the outer diameter of the slip 1 is 60 mm, and after the first expansion, the outer diameter expands to 90 mm, with an expansion rate of 50%, and after the second expansion, the outer diameter expands to 114.3 mm, with an expansion rate of 40.5%, and the total expansion rate is 85.7%.
  • the present solution provides a bridge plug, wherein the bridge plug comprises a slip 1, a first expansion body 2 having a tapered first outer peripheral surface, a second expansion body 3 having a tapered second outer peripheral surface, a first pipe portion 4 having a tapered third outer peripheral surface, and a second pipe portion 5 having a tapered fourth outer peripheral surface.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first expansion body 2 is inserted into the upper end of the slip 1, and the second expansion body 3 is inserted into the lower end of the slip 1, so that the first outer peripheral surface and the second outer peripheral surface can squeeze the slip 1 so that the slip 1 undergoes a first radial expansion; the first pipe portion 4 is inserted into the first expansion body 2 and the second pipe portion 5 is inserted into the second expansion body 3, so that the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 can expand radially respectively, so that the slip 1 undergoes a second Secondary radial expansion.
  • the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 may be similar or identical structures, and are respectively formed into a tubular shape and have a tapered outer peripheral surface.
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the first expansion body 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slip 1, while the outer diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the slip 1.
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the second expansion body 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slip 1, while the outer diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the slip 1.
  • the first tube portion 4 has a tapered outer circumferential surface
  • the second tube portion 5 has a tapered outer circumferential surface
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the first tube portion 4 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2
  • the outer diameter of the large end of the first tube portion 4 is larger than the inner diameter of the large end of the first expansion body 2
  • the outer diameter of the small end of the second tube portion 5 is smaller than the inner diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3
  • the outer diameter of the large end of the second tube portion 5 is larger than the inner diameter of the large end of the second expansion body 3.
  • the first tube portion 4 applies a radially outward extrusion force to the first expansion body 2, so that the first expansion body 2 expands radially outward, and the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 causes the cava 1 to expand radially again;
  • the second tube portion 5 applies a radially outward extrusion force to the second expansion body 3, so that the second expansion body 3 expands radially outward, and the radial expansion of the second expansion body 3 causes the cava 1 to expand radially again, therefore, the second radial expansion of the cava 1 can be achieved through the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3.
  • the two expansion bodies can achieve one expansion by squeezing the slips through the gradually shrinking outer peripheral surface, and achieve another expansion of the slips through the expansion of the two expansion bodies themselves, thereby achieving two expansions of the slips, improving the expansion rate of the slips, and realizing extreme casing change sealing operations.
  • the bridge plug can be configured as follows: the first tube portion 4 pushes the first expansion body 2 to gradually insert into the upper end of the slip 1, and at the same time, the second tube portion 5 pushes the second expansion body 3 to gradually insert into the lower end of the slip 1, so that the slip 1 first performs the first radial expansion, and then performs the second radial expansion. That is to say, the insertion of the first expansion body 2 into the slip 1 is achieved by the push of the first tube portion 4, and the insertion of the second expansion body 3 into the lower end of the slip 1 is achieved by the push of the second tube portion 5.
  • first tube portion 4 into the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 2 into the slip 1, and then push the first tube portion 4, and on the other hand, insert the second tube portion 5 into the second expansion body 3 and the second expansion body 3 into the slip 1, and then push the second tube portion 5, so that the two expansions of the slip 1 can be achieved in sequence.
  • the two expansion bodies can be respectively inserted into the slip 1 to achieve the first expansion, and then the two tube portions can be respectively inserted to achieve the second expansion of the slip 1.
  • the force required for the radial expansion of the first expansion body 2 and the force required for the radial expansion of the second expansion body 3 are respectively greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the extrusion force required for the slip 1 to start expanding is less than the extrusion force required for the first expansion body 2 to expand and the extrusion force required for the second expansion body 3 to expand. 1
  • the force exerted by the first tube portion 4 on the second expansion body 2 is transmitted to the slip 1, so the slip 1 will first start to expand.
  • the first tube portion 4 is gradually inserted into the second expansion body 2, its squeezing force increases.
  • the force required for the expansion of the first expansion body 2 is reached, the second expansion body 2 will start to expand.
  • the second expansion body 2 is also gradually inserted into the slip 1, first realizing the first radial expansion of the slip 1, and then realizing the second radial expansion of the slip 1 through the expansion of the second expansion body 2.
  • the second expansion body 3 and the second tube portion 5 are also similarly configured, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first expansion body 2 includes a tapered first main body 22 and a first support ring 21 connected to the large end of the first main body 22, and the second expansion body 3 includes a tapered second main body 32 and a second support ring 31 connected to the large end of the second main body 32.
  • the small end of the first main body 22 is used to be inserted into the upper end of the slip 1
  • the small end of the second main body 32 is used to be inserted into the lower end of the slip 1.
  • the first support ring 21 is connected to the large end of the first main body 22 and can allow the first pipe 4 to be inserted
  • the second support ring 31 is connected to the large end of the second main body 32 and can allow the second pipe 5 to be inserted.
  • the force required for the first support ring 21 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1, and the force required for the second support ring 31 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the first support ring 21 is configured as a structure that limits the first expansion body 2 from starting to expand, that is, the first support ring 21 needs to be broken first, and the extrusion force required for the first support ring 21 to break is greater than the force required for the radial expansion of the slip 1.
  • the slip 1 starts to expand first, and then the first tube 4 squeezes the first support ring 21 to break, and the first main body 22 starts to expand to act on the slip 1 to achieve its second radial expansion.
  • the second expansion body 3 and the second tube 5 are also configured similarly, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first main body 22 includes a plurality of first expansion plates arranged circumferentially
  • the second main body 32 includes a plurality of second expansion plates arranged circumferentially.
  • the first expansion plates are arranged circumferentially, and when the first expansion body 2 expands radially, the circumferential spacing between adjacent first expansion plates increases, so that the first main body 22 can be expanded and deployed; similarly, the second expansion plates are arranged circumferentially, and when the second expansion body 3 expands radially, the circumferential spacing between adjacent second expansion plates increases, so that the second main body 32 can be expanded and deployed.
  • the first expansion plate is integrally connected to the first support ring 21, and the second expansion plate is integrally connected to the second support ring 31.
  • a plurality of first expansion plates and the first support ring 21 are integrally connected to form a whole, and when the first support ring 21 is broken into a plurality of circumferentially arranged parts, the plurality of first expansion plates can be allowed to expand away from each other; similarly, a plurality of second expansion plates and the second support ring 31 are integrally connected to form a whole, and when the second support ring 31 is broken into a plurality of circumferentially arranged parts, the plurality of second expansion plates can be allowed to expand away from each other.
  • a plurality of pre-breaking points can be set on the first support ring 21, so that it can be broken into a plurality of parts corresponding to the plurality of first expansion plates, and a plurality of pre-breaking points can be set on the second support ring 31, so that it can be broken into a plurality of parts corresponding to the plurality of second expansion plates.
  • the slip 1 includes a plurality of tooth plates 11 arranged circumferentially. During the expansion of the slip 1, the circumferential spacing of the plurality of tooth plates 11 increases to achieve radial expansion.
  • the outer surface of the tooth plate 11 may be provided with a slip tooth, so that the slip tooth can be engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the sleeve.
  • the slip 1 includes sealing rings 12 connected to both ends of the tooth plate 11.
  • the sealing ring 12 is made of a sealing material, which may be a plastic material or an elastic material.
  • the sealing ring 12 also expands, and the outer circumference of the sealing ring 12 may fit with the inner circumference of the sleeve to form a seal.
  • the number of the tooth plates 11, the number of the first expansion plates and the number of the second expansion plates are the same.
  • the first expansion plates can correspond to the tooth plates 11 one by one
  • the second expansion plates can correspond to the tooth plates 11 one by one, that is, radial alignment is convenient for synchronous radial outward expansion, and the circumferential relative displacement of the first expansion plates, the second expansion plates and the tooth plates 11 is reduced.
  • the tooth plates 11, the first expansion plates and the second expansion plates can be set to 8 respectively.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate 11 is provided with a first limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the first expansion plate is provided with a first limiting strip
  • the first limiting groove can respectively guide the first limiting strip to move axially.
  • the first limiting groove extends along the axial direction
  • the first limiting strip also extends roughly along the axial direction.
  • the inner surface of the tooth plate 11 is provided with a second limiting groove
  • the outer surface of the second expansion plate is provided with a second limiting strip
  • the second limiting groove can guide the second limiting strip to move axially.
  • the second limiting groove extends along the axial direction
  • the second limiting strip also extends roughly along the axial direction.
  • a ball pitching seat is provided at the upper end of the first tube 4.
  • the ball pitching seat can carry a ball thrown into it to achieve corresponding operations.
  • the first pipe portion 4 includes a first reducer 42 and a first circular pipe 41 connected to the large end of the first reducer 42
  • the second pipe portion 5 includes a second reducer 52 and a second circular pipe 51 connected to the large end of the second reducer 52.
  • the pitching seat described above may be provided in the first circular pipe 41.
  • the first circular pipe 41 may be used to connect to other pipe fittings
  • the second circular pipe 51 may be connected to other pipe fittings.
  • the cava teeth (roughly cylindrical) on the outer surface of the tooth plate 11 are made of ceramic or alloy and are insoluble structures, and the remaining structures are made of soluble materials, such as magnesium-aluminum alloy, that is, the bridge plug is basically soluble and is a soluble bridge plug.
  • the outer diameter of the slip 1 is 60 mm, and after the first expansion, the outer diameter expands to 90 mm, with an expansion rate of 50%, and after the second expansion, the outer diameter expands to 114.3 mm, with an expansion rate of 40.5%, and the total expansion rate is 85.7%.
  • the present solution also provides a production tubing, wherein, as shown in FIG7 , the production tubing sequentially connects a continuous oil pipe 6, a sealing tool 8, a center rod 9 and a bridge plug arranged on the center rod 9, and the bridge plug is the bridge plug described in the above solution.
  • the operation process of the production string is:
  • the bridge plug, the center rod 9, the setting tool 7 and the coiled tubing 6 are connected in sequence. And lower it to the designed position, as shown in Figures 7 and 8; pressurize the sealing tool 7 through the wellhead to compress the first expansion body 2 and the second expansion body 3 to expand, so that the slip 1 undergoes two radial expansions to achieve sealing and sealing, as shown in Figure 9; then lift the continuous oil pipe 6 to drive the center rod 9 and the sealing tool 7 to separate from the bridge plug, and lift them to the wellhead for removal; then pump the sealing soluble ball 10 to seal the sealing soluble ball 10 with the first expansion body 2, as shown in Figure 10; finally, lift the pump pressure at the wellhead to perform fracturing construction to obtain a new fracturing crack 11, as shown in Figure 11.

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Abstract

一种桥塞及生产管柱，该桥塞包括卡瓦（1）、第一膨胀体（2）、第二膨胀体（3）、第一管部（4）和第二管部（5），桥塞能够设置为：第一膨胀体（2）插入卡瓦（1）的上端，第二膨胀体（3）能够插入卡瓦（1）的下端，以使得该卡瓦（1）进行第一次径向膨胀；该第一膨胀体（2）和该第二膨胀体（3）能够分别径向膨胀，从而使得该卡瓦（1）进行第二次径向膨胀。两个膨胀体可以通过渐缩的外周面挤压卡瓦实现一次膨胀，并通过两个膨胀体自身的膨胀实现卡瓦的又一次膨胀，从而可以实现卡瓦的两次膨胀，提高了卡瓦的膨胀率，可以实现极端套变的封隔作业。

Description

桥塞及生产管柱
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2023年06月16日提交的中国专利申请202310721176.5的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
技术领域
本发明涉及油气井下施工，具体地涉及一种桥塞，并且涉及一种生产管柱。
背景技术
在油气开发领域，在极端套变的条件下，需要对套管进行封隔操作，此种情况下使用的工具要求外径尽可能小，同时又要在下入到作业位置后膨胀至尽可能大的外径，因而要实现这种操作的封隔就需要很大膨胀率的桥塞，现有的桥塞的膨胀率不足，因此不能够实现上述功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点，提供一种高膨胀率井下桥塞，适用于极端变径套管，有效解决了大环空坐封、锚定、密封难题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明一方面提供一种桥塞，其特征在于，所述桥塞包括卡瓦、具有渐缩的第一外周面的第一膨胀体、具有渐缩的第二外周面的第二膨胀体、具有渐缩的第三外周面的第一管部和具有渐缩的第四外周面的第二管部，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一膨胀体插入所述卡瓦的上端，所述第二膨胀体能够插入所述卡瓦的下端，从而所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面能够挤压所述卡瓦以使得所述卡瓦进行第一次径向膨胀；所述第一管部能够插入所述第一膨胀体且所述第二管部能够插入所述第二膨胀体，以使得所述第一膨胀体和所述第二膨胀体能够分别径向膨胀，从而使得所述卡瓦进行第二次径向膨胀。
在一些实施方式中，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一管部推动所述第一膨胀体逐渐插入所述卡瓦的上端，同时所述第二管部推动所述第二膨胀体逐渐插入所述卡瓦的下端，从而使得所述卡瓦先进行所述第一次径向膨胀，然后进行所述第二次径向膨胀。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一膨胀体径向膨胀所需要的作用力和所述第二膨胀体径向膨胀所述需要的作用力分别大于所述卡瓦径向膨胀所需要的作用力。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一膨胀体包括渐缩的第一主体部和连接于所述第一主体部的大端的第一支撑环，所述第二膨胀体包括渐缩的第二主体部和连接于所述第二主体部的大端的第二支撑环。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一支撑环断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦径向 膨胀所需要的作用力，所述第二支撑环断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦径向膨胀所需要的作用力。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一主体部包括周向排列的多个第一膨胀板，所述第二主体部包括周向排列的多个第二膨胀板。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一膨胀板一体连接于所述第一支撑环，所述第二膨胀板一体连接于所述第二支撑环。
在一些实施方式中，所述卡瓦包括周向排列的多个齿板。
在一些实施方式中，所述卡瓦包括连接于所述齿板的两端的密封环。
在一些实施方式中，所述齿板的数量、所述第一膨胀板的数量和所述第二膨胀板的数量相同。
在一些实施方式中，所述齿板的内表面设置有第一限位槽，所述第一膨胀板的外表面设置有第一限位条，所述第一限位槽能够分别引导所述第一限位条轴向地移动。
在一些实施方式中，所述齿板的内表面设置有第二限位槽，所述第二膨胀板的外表面设置有第二限位条，所述第二限位槽能够引导所述第二限位条轴向地移动。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一管部的上端设置有投球座。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一管部包括第一渐缩管和连接于所述第一渐缩管的大端的第一圆形管，所述第二管部包括第二渐缩管和连接于所述第二渐缩管的大端的第二圆形管。
另一方面，本方案提供了一种生产管柱，其中，所述生产管柱包括依次连接的连续油管、坐封工具、中心杆和设置在所述中心杆上的桥塞，所述桥塞为以上方案所述的桥塞。
在一些实施方式中，所述生产管柱的操作流程为：
首先依次连接所述桥塞、所述中心杆、所述坐封工具和所述连续油管，并下放至设计位置，通过井口向坐封工具打压，分别压缩第一膨胀体和所述第二膨胀体膨胀，使得所述卡瓦进行两次径向膨胀，实现坐封和密封；然后上提所述连续油管，带动所述中心杆和所述坐封工具与所述桥塞脱离分开，并提至井口拆除；然后泵送密封可溶球，使得密封可溶球与第一膨胀体密封；最后井口提升泵压进行压裂施工，得到新的压裂裂缝。
通过上述技术方案，两个膨胀体可以通过渐缩的外周面挤压卡瓦实现一次膨胀，并通过两个膨胀体自身的膨胀实现卡瓦的又一次膨胀，从而可以实现卡瓦的两次膨胀，提高了卡瓦的膨胀率，可以实现极端套变的封隔作业。
附图说明
图1是本方案实施方式的桥塞处于第一工作状态的结构示意图；
图2是图1的剖视图；
图3是本方案实施方式的桥塞处于第二工作状态的结构示意图；
图4是图3的剖视图；
图5是本方案实施方式的桥塞处于第三工作状态的结构示意图；
图6是图5的剖视图；
图7是本方案实施方式的生产管柱的示意图；
图8是本方案实施方式的生产管柱的第一工作状态结构示意图；
图9是本方案实施方式的生产管柱的第二工作状态结构示意图；
图10是在施工过程中投放密封可溶球的示意图；
图11是压裂施工产生新裂缝的示意图。
附图标记说明
1-卡瓦，11-齿板，12-密封环，2-第一膨胀体，21-第一支撑环，22-第一主体
部，3-第二膨胀体，31-第二支撑环，32-第二主体部，4-第一管部，41-第一圆形管，42-第一渐缩管，5-第二管部，51-第一圆形管，52-第二渐缩管，6-连续油管，7-坐封工具，8-套管，9-中心杆，10-密封可溶球，11-压裂裂缝。。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
在本发明中，在未作相反说明的情况下，使用的方位词如“上、下”通常是指使用状态下的相对位置关系，但这只是为了更清楚地描述本方案，不应当理解为对本方案的特别限制。
实施例一
参考图1-图6所示，本方案提供了一种桥塞，其中，所述桥塞包括卡瓦1、具有渐缩的第一外周面的第一膨胀体2、具有渐缩的第二外周面的第二膨胀体3、具有渐缩的第三外周面的第一管部4和具有渐缩的第四外周面的第二管部5，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一膨胀体2插入所述卡瓦1的上端，所述第二膨胀体3能够插入所述卡瓦1的下端，从而所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面能够挤压所述卡瓦1以使得所述卡瓦1进行第一次径向膨胀；所述第一管部4能够插入所述第一膨胀体2且所述第二管部5能够插入所述第二膨胀体3，以使得所述第一膨胀体2和所述第二膨胀体3能够分别径向膨胀，从而使得所述卡瓦1进行第二次径向膨胀。
第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3可以为相似或相同的结构，分别形成为管状且具有渐缩的外周面，第一膨胀体2的小端外径小于卡瓦1的内径，而第一膨胀体2的大端的外径大于卡瓦1的内径，第二膨胀体3的小端外径小于卡瓦1的内径，而第二膨胀体3的大端的外径大于卡瓦1的内径，因此，当第一膨胀体2通过其小端插入到卡瓦1的上端时，通过第一膨胀体2的第一外周面，可以向卡瓦1的内周面施加径向向外的作用力，使得卡瓦1径向向外膨胀，类似的，通过第二膨胀体3通过其小端插入到卡瓦1的下端时，也使得卡瓦1径向向外膨胀。也就是说，通过将第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3分别插入卡瓦1的两端，可以实现卡瓦 1的整体径向膨胀。
第一管部4具有渐缩的外周面，第二管部5具有渐缩的外周面，第一管部4的小端的外径小于第一膨胀体2的大端的内径，第一管部4的大端的外径大于第一膨胀体2的大端的内径，第二管部5的小端的外径小于第二膨胀体3的大端的内径，第二管部5的大端的外径大于第二膨胀体3的大端的内径。相应的，在第一管部4的小端插入第一膨胀体2的大端的过程中，第一管部4向第一膨胀体2施加径向向外的挤压力，以使得第一膨胀体2发生径向向外膨胀，而第一膨胀体2的径向膨胀导致卡瓦1再次发生径向膨胀；类似的，在第二管部5的小端插入第二膨胀体3的大端的过程中，第二管部5向第二膨胀体3施加径向向外的挤压力，以使得第二膨胀体3发生径向向外膨胀，而第二膨胀体3的径向膨胀导致卡瓦1再次发生径向膨胀，因此，通过第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3的径向膨胀可以实现卡瓦1的第二次径向膨胀。
本方案中，两个膨胀体可以通过渐缩的外周面挤压卡瓦实现一次膨胀，并通过两个膨胀体自身的膨胀实现卡瓦的又一次膨胀，从而可以实现卡瓦的两次膨胀，提高了卡瓦的膨胀率，可以实现极端套变的封隔作业。
进一步的，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一管部4推动所述第一膨胀体2逐渐插入所述卡瓦1的上端，同时所述第二管部5推动所述第二膨胀体3逐渐插入所述卡瓦1的下端，从而使得所述卡瓦1先进行所述第一次径向膨胀，然后进行所述第二次径向膨胀。也就是说，第一膨胀体2插入卡瓦1是通过第一管部4的推动来实现的，第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1的下端是第二管部5的推动来实现的。只需要将第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入卡瓦1，然后推动第一管部4，另一方面，将第二管部5插入第二膨胀体3并且将第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1，然后推动第二管部5，即可依次实现卡瓦1的两次膨胀。当然，在其他实施方式中，可以先将两个膨胀体分别插入卡瓦1实现第一次膨胀，再分别插入两个管部，实现卡瓦1的第二次膨胀。
另外，所述第一膨胀体2径向膨胀所需要的作用力和所述第二膨胀体3径向膨胀所述需要的作用力分别大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力。卡瓦1开始膨胀所需要的挤压力小于第一膨胀体2膨胀所需要的挤压力和第二膨胀体3膨胀所需要的挤压力，在将第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入卡瓦1时，第一管部4对第二膨胀体2的作用力传递到卡瓦1，因此，将首先使得卡瓦1开始膨胀，随着第一管部4逐渐地插入到第二膨胀体2中，其挤压作用力增加，当达到第一膨胀体2膨胀所需要的作用力时，第二膨胀体2才开始膨胀。也就是说，在第一管部4逐渐插入第一膨胀体2时，第二膨胀体2也逐渐地插入到卡瓦1中，首先实现卡瓦1的第一次径向膨胀，然后通过第二膨胀体2的膨胀实现卡瓦1的第二次径向膨胀。第二膨胀体3和第二管部5也是类似的设置，在此不再重复说明。
其中，所述第一膨胀体2包括渐缩的第一主体部22和连接于所述第一主体部22的大端的第一支撑环21，所述第二膨胀体3包括渐缩的第二主体部32和连 接于所述第二主体部32的大端的第二支撑环31。第一主体部22的小端用于插入到卡瓦1的上端中，第二主体部32的小端用于插入到卡瓦1的下端中，第一支撑环21连接于第一主体部22的大端并可以允许第一管部4插入，第二支撑环31连接于第二主体部32的大端并可以允许第二管部5插入。
进一步的，所述第一支撑环21断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力，所述第二支撑环31断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力。第一支撑环21设置为限制第一膨胀体2开始膨胀的结构，即需要先断裂第一支撑环21，第一支撑环21断裂所需要的挤压作用力大于卡瓦1的径向膨胀需要的作用力，因此，在第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入到卡瓦1的过程，卡瓦1先开始膨胀，然后第一管部4挤压第一支撑环21断裂，第一主体部22才开始膨胀，以作用于卡瓦1实现其第二次径向膨胀。第二膨胀体3和第二管部5也是类似的设置，在此不再重复说明。
其中，所述第一主体部22包括周向排列的多个第一膨胀板，所述第二主体部32包括周向排列的多个第二膨胀板。第一膨胀板周向排列，在第一膨胀体2径向膨胀时，相邻的第一膨胀板的周向间距增加，实现第一主体部22的膨胀展开；类似的，第二膨胀板周向排列，在第二膨胀体3径向膨胀时，相邻的第二膨胀板的周向间距增加，实现第二主体部32的膨胀展开。
其中，所述第一膨胀板一体连接于所述第一支撑环21，所述第二膨胀板一体连接于所述第二支撑环31。多个第一膨胀板和第一支撑环21一体连接形成一个整体，当第一支撑环21断裂为多个周向排列的部分时，可以允许多个第一膨胀板彼此远离而膨胀；类似的，多个第二膨胀板和第二支撑环31一体连接形成一个整体，当第二支撑环31断裂为多个周向排列的部分时，可以允许多个第二膨胀板彼此远离而膨胀。进一步的，第一支撑环21上可以设置多个预断裂点，从而可以断裂为与多个第一膨胀板对应的多个部分，第二支撑环31上可以设置多个预断裂点，从而可以断裂为与多个第二膨胀板对应的多个部分。
其中，所述卡瓦1包括周向排列的多个齿板11。在卡瓦1膨胀的过程中，多个齿板11的周向间距增加，实现径向膨胀展开。齿板11的外表面可以设置卡瓦牙，从而可以通过卡瓦牙接合于套筒的内周面上。
另外，所述卡瓦1包括连接于所述齿板11的两端的密封环12。密封环12采用密封材料制成，其可以为塑性材料或弹性材料，在齿板11膨胀展开时，密封环12也随之膨胀，并且密封环12的外周面可以与套管的内周面贴合形成密封。
进一步的，所述齿板11的数量、所述第一膨胀板的数量和所述第二膨胀板的数量相同。第一膨胀板可以与齿板11一一对应，第二膨胀板可以与齿板11一一对应，即径向对齐，便于同步地径向向外膨胀，减少第一膨胀板、第二膨胀板与齿板11的周向相对位移。其中，齿板11、第一膨胀板和第二膨胀板可以分别设置6个。
进一步的，所述齿板11的内表面设置有第一限位槽，所述第一膨胀板的外表面设置有第一限位条，所述第一限位槽能够分别引导所述第一限位条轴向地移 动。第一限位槽沿轴向延伸，第一限位条也大致沿轴向延伸，当然其延伸方向与轴向存在一定角度，第一膨胀体2插入卡瓦1时，可以将第一限位条对应于第一限位槽，使得第一限位条插入到第一限位槽中，通过第一限位条和第一限位槽的相互配合，可以限制第一膨胀体和卡瓦1的相对转动，提高了可靠性。
进一步的，所述齿板11的内表面设置有第二限位槽，所述第二膨胀板的外表面设置有第二限位条，所述第二限位槽能够引导所述第二限位条轴向地移动。第二限位槽沿轴向延伸，第二限位条也大致沿轴向延伸，当然其延伸方向与轴向存在一定角度，第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1时，可以将第二限位条对应于第二限位槽，使得第二限位条插入到第二限位槽中，通过第二限位条和第二限位槽的相互配合，可以限制第二膨胀体和卡瓦1的相对转动，提高了可靠性。
其中，所述第一管部4的上端设置有投球座。投球座可以承载投入其中的球体，以实现对应的操作。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一管部4包括第一渐缩管42和连接于所述第一渐缩管42的大端的第一圆形管41，所述第二管部5包括第二渐缩管52和连接于所述第二渐缩管52的大端的第二圆形管51。第一圆形管41中可以设置以上所述的投球座。第一圆形管41可以用于连接于其他管件，第二圆形管51可以连接于其他管件。
关于桥塞的整体结构，齿板11的外表面上的卡瓦牙(大致为圆柱形)由陶瓷或合金制成，为不可溶结构，其余结构均由可溶材料制成，例如镁铝合金，即桥塞基本是可溶的，为可溶桥塞。
在一些实施方式中，卡瓦1的外径为60mm，第一次膨胀后其外径膨胀为90mm，膨胀率为50％，第二次膨胀后外径膨胀为114.3mm，膨胀率为40.5％，总膨胀率为85.7％。
实施例二
参考图1-图6所示，本方案提供了一种桥塞，其中，所述桥塞包括卡瓦1、具有渐缩的第一外周面的第一膨胀体2、具有渐缩的第二外周面的第二膨胀体3、具有渐缩的第三外周面的第一管部4和具有渐缩的第四外周面的第二管部5，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一膨胀体2插入所述卡瓦1的上端，所述第二膨胀体3能够插入所述卡瓦1的下端，从而所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面能够挤压所述卡瓦1以使得所述卡瓦1进行第一次径向膨胀；所述第一管部4能够插入所述第一膨胀体2且所述第二管部5能够插入所述第二膨胀体3，以使得所述第一膨胀体2和所述第二膨胀体3能够分别径向膨胀，从而使得所述卡瓦1进行第二次径向膨胀。
第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3可以为相似或相同的结构，分别形成为管状且具有渐缩的外周面，第一膨胀体2的小端外径小于卡瓦1的内径，而第一膨胀体2的大端的外径大于卡瓦1的内径，第二膨胀体3的小端外径小于卡瓦1的内径，而第二膨胀体3的大端的外径大于卡瓦1的内径，因此，当第一膨胀体2通过其 小端插入到卡瓦1的上端时，通过第一膨胀体2的第一外周面，可以向卡瓦1的内周面施加径向向外的作用力，使得卡瓦1径向向外膨胀，类似的，通过第二膨胀体3通过其小端插入到卡瓦1的下端时，也使得卡瓦1径向向外膨胀。也就是说，通过将第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3分别插入卡瓦1的两端，可以实现卡瓦1的整体径向膨胀。
第一管部4具有渐缩的外周面，第二管部5具有渐缩的外周面，第一管部4的小端的外径小于第一膨胀体2的大端的内径，第一管部4的大端的外径大于第一膨胀体2的大端的内径，第二管部5的小端的外径小于第二膨胀体3的大端的内径，第二管部5的大端的外径大于第二膨胀体3的大端的内径。相应的，在第一管部4的小端插入第一膨胀体2的大端的过程中，第一管部4向第一膨胀体2施加径向向外的挤压力，以使得第一膨胀体2发生径向向外膨胀，而第一膨胀体2的径向膨胀导致卡瓦1再次发生径向膨胀；类似的，在第二管部5的小端插入第二膨胀体3的大端的过程中，第二管部5向第二膨胀体3施加径向向外的挤压力，以使得第二膨胀体3发生径向向外膨胀，而第二膨胀体3的径向膨胀导致卡瓦1再次发生径向膨胀，因此，通过第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3的径向膨胀可以实现卡瓦1的第二次径向膨胀。
本方案中，两个膨胀体可以通过渐缩的外周面挤压卡瓦实现一次膨胀，并通过两个膨胀体自身的膨胀实现卡瓦的又一次膨胀，从而可以实现卡瓦的两次膨胀，提高了卡瓦的膨胀率，可以实现极端套变的封隔作业。
进一步的，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一管部4推动所述第一膨胀体2逐渐插入所述卡瓦1的上端，同时所述第二管部5推动所述第二膨胀体3逐渐插入所述卡瓦1的下端，从而使得所述卡瓦1先进行所述第一次径向膨胀，然后进行所述第二次径向膨胀。也就是说，第一膨胀体2插入卡瓦1是通过第一管部4的推动来实现的，第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1的下端是第二管部5的推动来实现的。只需要将第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入卡瓦1，然后推动第一管部4，另一方面，将第二管部5插入第二膨胀体3并且将第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1，然后推动第二管部5，即可依次实现卡瓦1的两次膨胀。当然，在其他实施方式中，可以先将两个膨胀体分别插入卡瓦1实现第一次膨胀，再分别插入两个管部，实现卡瓦1的第二次膨胀。
另外，所述第一膨胀体2径向膨胀所需要的作用力和所述第二膨胀体3径向膨胀所述需要的作用力分别大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力。卡瓦1开始膨胀所需要的挤压力小于第一膨胀体2膨胀所需要的挤压力和第二膨胀体3膨胀所需要的挤压力，在将第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入卡瓦1时，第一管部4对第二膨胀体2的作用力传递到卡瓦1，因此，将首先使得卡瓦1开始膨胀，随着第一管部4逐渐地插入到第二膨胀体2中，其挤压作用力增加，当达到第一膨胀体2膨胀所需要的作用力时，第二膨胀体2才开始膨胀。也就是说，在第一管部4逐渐插入第一膨胀体2时，第二膨胀体2也逐渐地插入到卡瓦1中，首先实现卡瓦1的第一次径向膨胀，然后通过第二膨胀体2的膨胀实 现卡瓦1的第二次径向膨胀。第二膨胀体3和第二管部5也是类似的设置，在此不再重复说明。
其中，所述第一膨胀体2包括渐缩的第一主体部22和连接于所述第一主体部22的大端的第一支撑环21，所述第二膨胀体3包括渐缩的第二主体部32和连接于所述第二主体部32的大端的第二支撑环31。第一主体部22的小端用于插入到卡瓦1的上端中，第二主体部32的小端用于插入到卡瓦1的下端中，第一支撑环21连接于第一主体部22的大端并可以允许第一管部4插入，第二支撑环31连接于第二主体部32的大端并可以允许第二管部5插入。
进一步的，所述第一支撑环21断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力，所述第二支撑环31断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力。第一支撑环21设置为限制第一膨胀体2开始膨胀的结构，即需要先断裂第一支撑环21，第一支撑环21断裂所需要的挤压作用力大于卡瓦1的径向膨胀需要的作用力，因此，在第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入到卡瓦1的过程，卡瓦1先开始膨胀，然后第一管部4挤压第一支撑环21断裂，第一主体部22才开始膨胀，以作用于卡瓦1实现其第二次径向膨胀。第二膨胀体3和第二管部5也是类似的设置，在此不再重复说明。
其中，所述第一主体部22包括周向排列的多个第一膨胀板，所述第二主体部32包括周向排列的多个第二膨胀板。第一膨胀板周向排列，在第一膨胀体2径向膨胀时，相邻的第一膨胀板的周向间距增加，实现第一主体部22的膨胀展开；类似的，第二膨胀板周向排列，在第二膨胀体3径向膨胀时，相邻的第二膨胀板的周向间距增加，实现第二主体部32的膨胀展开。
其中，所述第一膨胀板一体连接于所述第一支撑环21，所述第二膨胀板一体连接于所述第二支撑环31。多个第一膨胀板和第一支撑环21一体连接形成一个整体，当第一支撑环21断裂为多个周向排列的部分时，可以允许多个第一膨胀板彼此远离而膨胀；类似的，多个第二膨胀板和第二支撑环31一体连接形成一个整体，当第二支撑环31断裂为多个周向排列的部分时，可以允许多个第二膨胀板彼此远离而膨胀。进一步的，第一支撑环21上可以设置多个预断裂点，从而可以断裂为与多个第一膨胀板对应的多个部分，第二支撑环31上可以设置多个预断裂点，从而可以断裂为与多个第二膨胀板对应的多个部分。
其中，所述卡瓦1包括周向排列的多个齿板11。在卡瓦1膨胀的过程中，多个齿板11的周向间距增加，实现径向膨胀展开。齿板11的外表面可以设置卡瓦牙，从而可以通过卡瓦牙接合于套筒的内周面上。
另外，所述卡瓦1包括连接于所述齿板11的两端的密封环12。密封环12采用密封材料制成，其可以为塑性材料或弹性材料，在齿板11膨胀展开时，密封环12也随之膨胀，并且密封环12的外周面可以与套管的内周面贴合形成密封。
进一步的，所述齿板11的数量、所述第一膨胀板的数量和所述第二膨胀板的数量相同。第一膨胀板可以与齿板11一一对应，第二膨胀板可以与齿板11一一对应，即径向对齐，便于同步地径向向外膨胀，减少第一膨胀板、第二膨胀板 与齿板11的周向相对位移。其中，齿板11、第一膨胀板和第二膨胀板可以分别设置7个。
进一步的，所述齿板11的内表面设置有第一限位槽，所述第一膨胀板的外表面设置有第一限位条，所述第一限位槽能够分别引导所述第一限位条轴向地移动。第一限位槽沿轴向延伸，第一限位条也大致沿轴向延伸，当然其延伸方向与轴向存在一定角度，第一膨胀体2插入卡瓦1时，可以将第一限位条对应于第一限位槽，使得第一限位条插入到第一限位槽中，通过第一限位条和第一限位槽的相互配合，可以限制第一膨胀体和卡瓦1的相对转动，提高了可靠性。
进一步的，所述齿板11的内表面设置有第二限位槽，所述第二膨胀板的外表面设置有第二限位条，所述第二限位槽能够引导所述第二限位条轴向地移动。第二限位槽沿轴向延伸，第二限位条也大致沿轴向延伸，当然其延伸方向与轴向存在一定角度，第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1时，可以将第二限位条对应于第二限位槽，使得第二限位条插入到第二限位槽中，通过第二限位条和第二限位槽的相互配合，可以限制第二膨胀体和卡瓦1的相对转动，提高了可靠性。
其中，所述第一管部4的上端设置有投球座。投球座可以承载投入其中的球体，以实现对应的操作。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一管部4包括第一渐缩管42和连接于所述第一渐缩管42的大端的第一圆形管41，所述第二管部5包括第二渐缩管52和连接于所述第二渐缩管52的大端的第二圆形管51。第一圆形管41中可以设置以上所述的投球座。第一圆形管41可以用于连接于其他管件，第二圆形管51可以连接于其他管件。
关于桥塞的整体结构，齿板11的外表面上的卡瓦牙(大致为圆柱形)由陶瓷或合金制成，为不可溶结构，其余结构均由可溶材料制成，例如镁铝合金，即桥塞基本是可溶的，为可溶桥塞。
在一些实施方式中，卡瓦1的外径为60mm，第一次膨胀后其外径膨胀为90mm，膨胀率为50％，第二次膨胀后外径膨胀为114.3mm，膨胀率为40.5％，总膨胀率为85.7％。
实施例三
参考图1-图6所示，本方案提供了一种桥塞，其中，所述桥塞包括卡瓦1、具有渐缩的第一外周面的第一膨胀体2、具有渐缩的第二外周面的第二膨胀体3、具有渐缩的第三外周面的第一管部4和具有渐缩的第四外周面的第二管部5，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一膨胀体2插入所述卡瓦1的上端，所述第二膨胀体3能够插入所述卡瓦1的下端，从而所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面能够挤压所述卡瓦1以使得所述卡瓦1进行第一次径向膨胀；所述第一管部4能够插入所述第一膨胀体2且所述第二管部5能够插入所述第二膨胀体3，以使得所述第一膨胀体2和所述第二膨胀体3能够分别径向膨胀，从而使得所述卡瓦1进行第二 次径向膨胀。
第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3可以为相似或相同的结构，分别形成为管状且具有渐缩的外周面，第一膨胀体2的小端外径小于卡瓦1的内径，而第一膨胀体2的大端的外径大于卡瓦1的内径，第二膨胀体3的小端外径小于卡瓦1的内径，而第二膨胀体3的大端的外径大于卡瓦1的内径，因此，当第一膨胀体2通过其小端插入到卡瓦1的上端时，通过第一膨胀体2的第一外周面，可以向卡瓦1的内周面施加径向向外的作用力，使得卡瓦1径向向外膨胀，类似的，通过第二膨胀体3通过其小端插入到卡瓦1的下端时，也使得卡瓦1径向向外膨胀。也就是说，通过将第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3分别插入卡瓦1的两端，可以实现卡瓦1的整体径向膨胀。
第一管部4具有渐缩的外周面，第二管部5具有渐缩的外周面，第一管部4的小端的外径小于第一膨胀体2的大端的内径，第一管部4的大端的外径大于第一膨胀体2的大端的内径，第二管部5的小端的外径小于第二膨胀体3的大端的内径，第二管部5的大端的外径大于第二膨胀体3的大端的内径。相应的，在第一管部4的小端插入第一膨胀体2的大端的过程中，第一管部4向第一膨胀体2施加径向向外的挤压力，以使得第一膨胀体2发生径向向外膨胀，而第一膨胀体2的径向膨胀导致卡瓦1再次发生径向膨胀；类似的，在第二管部5的小端插入第二膨胀体3的大端的过程中，第二管部5向第二膨胀体3施加径向向外的挤压力，以使得第二膨胀体3发生径向向外膨胀，而第二膨胀体3的径向膨胀导致卡瓦1再次发生径向膨胀，因此，通过第一膨胀体2和第二膨胀体3的径向膨胀可以实现卡瓦1的第二次径向膨胀。
本方案中，两个膨胀体可以通过渐缩的外周面挤压卡瓦实现一次膨胀，并通过两个膨胀体自身的膨胀实现卡瓦的又一次膨胀，从而可以实现卡瓦的两次膨胀，提高了卡瓦的膨胀率，可以实现极端套变的封隔作业。
进一步的，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一管部4推动所述第一膨胀体2逐渐插入所述卡瓦1的上端，同时所述第二管部5推动所述第二膨胀体3逐渐插入所述卡瓦1的下端，从而使得所述卡瓦1先进行所述第一次径向膨胀，然后进行所述第二次径向膨胀。也就是说，第一膨胀体2插入卡瓦1是通过第一管部4的推动来实现的，第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1的下端是第二管部5的推动来实现的。只需要将第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入卡瓦1，然后推动第一管部4，另一方面，将第二管部5插入第二膨胀体3并且将第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1，然后推动第二管部5，即可依次实现卡瓦1的两次膨胀。当然，在其他实施方式中，可以先将两个膨胀体分别插入卡瓦1实现第一次膨胀，再分别插入两个管部，实现卡瓦1的第二次膨胀。
另外，所述第一膨胀体2径向膨胀所需要的作用力和所述第二膨胀体3径向膨胀所述需要的作用力分别大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力。卡瓦1开始膨胀所需要的挤压力小于第一膨胀体2膨胀所需要的挤压力和第二膨胀体3膨胀所需要的挤压力，在将第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入卡瓦 1时，第一管部4对第二膨胀体2的作用力传递到卡瓦1，因此，将首先使得卡瓦1开始膨胀，随着第一管部4逐渐地插入到第二膨胀体2中，其挤压作用力增加，当达到第一膨胀体2膨胀所需要的作用力时，第二膨胀体2才开始膨胀。也就是说，在第一管部4逐渐插入第一膨胀体2时，第二膨胀体2也逐渐地插入到卡瓦1中，首先实现卡瓦1的第一次径向膨胀，然后通过第二膨胀体2的膨胀实现卡瓦1的第二次径向膨胀。第二膨胀体3和第二管部5也是类似的设置，在此不再重复说明。
其中，所述第一膨胀体2包括渐缩的第一主体部22和连接于所述第一主体部22的大端的第一支撑环21，所述第二膨胀体3包括渐缩的第二主体部32和连接于所述第二主体部32的大端的第二支撑环31。第一主体部22的小端用于插入到卡瓦1的上端中，第二主体部32的小端用于插入到卡瓦1的下端中，第一支撑环21连接于第一主体部22的大端并可以允许第一管部4插入，第二支撑环31连接于第二主体部32的大端并可以允许第二管部5插入。
进一步的，所述第一支撑环21断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力，所述第二支撑环31断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦1径向膨胀所需要的作用力。第一支撑环21设置为限制第一膨胀体2开始膨胀的结构，即需要先断裂第一支撑环21，第一支撑环21断裂所需要的挤压作用力大于卡瓦1的径向膨胀需要的作用力，因此，在第一管部4插入第一膨胀体2且第二膨胀体2插入到卡瓦1的过程，卡瓦1先开始膨胀，然后第一管部4挤压第一支撑环21断裂，第一主体部22才开始膨胀，以作用于卡瓦1实现其第二次径向膨胀。第二膨胀体3和第二管部5也是类似的设置，在此不再重复说明。
其中，所述第一主体部22包括周向排列的多个第一膨胀板，所述第二主体部32包括周向排列的多个第二膨胀板。第一膨胀板周向排列，在第一膨胀体2径向膨胀时，相邻的第一膨胀板的周向间距增加，实现第一主体部22的膨胀展开；类似的，第二膨胀板周向排列，在第二膨胀体3径向膨胀时，相邻的第二膨胀板的周向间距增加，实现第二主体部32的膨胀展开。
其中，所述第一膨胀板一体连接于所述第一支撑环21，所述第二膨胀板一体连接于所述第二支撑环31。多个第一膨胀板和第一支撑环21一体连接形成一个整体，当第一支撑环21断裂为多个周向排列的部分时，可以允许多个第一膨胀板彼此远离而膨胀；类似的，多个第二膨胀板和第二支撑环31一体连接形成一个整体，当第二支撑环31断裂为多个周向排列的部分时，可以允许多个第二膨胀板彼此远离而膨胀。进一步的，第一支撑环21上可以设置多个预断裂点，从而可以断裂为与多个第一膨胀板对应的多个部分，第二支撑环31上可以设置多个预断裂点，从而可以断裂为与多个第二膨胀板对应的多个部分。
其中，所述卡瓦1包括周向排列的多个齿板11。在卡瓦1膨胀的过程中，多个齿板11的周向间距增加，实现径向膨胀展开。齿板11的外表面可以设置卡瓦牙，从而可以通过卡瓦牙接合于套筒的内周面上。
另外，所述卡瓦1包括连接于所述齿板11的两端的密封环12。密封环12 采用密封材料制成，其可以为塑性材料或弹性材料，在齿板11膨胀展开时，密封环12也随之膨胀，并且密封环12的外周面可以与套管的内周面贴合形成密封。
进一步的，所述齿板11的数量、所述第一膨胀板的数量和所述第二膨胀板的数量相同。第一膨胀板可以与齿板11一一对应，第二膨胀板可以与齿板11一一对应，即径向对齐，便于同步地径向向外膨胀，减少第一膨胀板、第二膨胀板与齿板11的周向相对位移。其中，齿板11、第一膨胀板和第二膨胀板可以分别设置8个。
进一步的，所述齿板11的内表面设置有第一限位槽，所述第一膨胀板的外表面设置有第一限位条，所述第一限位槽能够分别引导所述第一限位条轴向地移动。第一限位槽沿轴向延伸，第一限位条也大致沿轴向延伸，当然其延伸方向与轴向存在一定角度，第一膨胀体2插入卡瓦1时，可以将第一限位条对应于第一限位槽，使得第一限位条插入到第一限位槽中，通过第一限位条和第一限位槽的相互配合，可以限制第一膨胀体和卡瓦1的相对转动，提高了可靠性。
进一步的，所述齿板11的内表面设置有第二限位槽，所述第二膨胀板的外表面设置有第二限位条，所述第二限位槽能够引导所述第二限位条轴向地移动。第二限位槽沿轴向延伸，第二限位条也大致沿轴向延伸，当然其延伸方向与轴向存在一定角度，第二膨胀体3插入卡瓦1时，可以将第二限位条对应于第二限位槽，使得第二限位条插入到第二限位槽中，通过第二限位条和第二限位槽的相互配合，可以限制第二膨胀体和卡瓦1的相对转动，提高了可靠性。
其中，所述第一管部4的上端设置有投球座。投球座可以承载投入其中的球体，以实现对应的操作。
在一些实施方式中，所述第一管部4包括第一渐缩管42和连接于所述第一渐缩管42的大端的第一圆形管41，所述第二管部5包括第二渐缩管52和连接于所述第二渐缩管52的大端的第二圆形管51。第一圆形管41中可以设置以上所述的投球座。第一圆形管41可以用于连接于其他管件，第二圆形管51可以连接于其他管件。
关于桥塞的整体结构，齿板11的外表面上的卡瓦牙(大致为圆柱形)由陶瓷或合金制成，为不可溶结构，其余结构均由可溶材料制成，例如镁铝合金，即桥塞基本是可溶的，为可溶桥塞。
在一些实施方式中，卡瓦1的外径为60mm，第一次膨胀后其外径膨胀为90mm，膨胀率为50％，第二次膨胀后外径膨胀为114.3mm，膨胀率为40.5％，总膨胀率为85.7％。
另外，本方案还提供了一种生产管柱，其中，参考图7所示，所述生产管柱依次连接的连续油管6、坐封工具8、中心杆9和设置在所述中心杆9上的桥塞，所述桥塞为以上方案所述的桥塞。
在一些实施方式中，所述生产管柱的操作流程为：
首先依次连接所述桥塞、所述中心杆9、所述坐封工具7和所述连续油管6， 并下放至设计位置，参考图7和图8所示；通过井口向坐封工具7打压，分别压缩第一膨胀体2和所述第二膨胀体3膨胀，使得所述卡瓦1进行两次径向膨胀，实现坐封和密封，参考图9所示；然后上提所述连续油管6，带动所述中心杆9和所述坐封工具7与所述桥塞脱离分开，并提至井口拆除；然后泵送密封可溶球10，使得密封可溶球10与第一膨胀体2密封，参考图10；最后井口提升泵压进行压裂施工，得到新的压裂裂缝11，参考图11所示。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，包括各个具体技术特征以任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。但这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容，均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种桥塞，其特征在于，所述桥塞包括卡瓦(1)、具有渐缩的第一外周面的第一膨胀体(2)、具有渐缩的第二外周面的第二膨胀体(3)、具有渐缩的第三外周面的第一管部(4)和具有渐缩的第四外周面的第二管部(5)，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一膨胀体(2)插入所述卡瓦(1)的上端，所述第二膨胀体(3)能够插入所述卡瓦(1)的下端，从而所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面能够挤压所述卡瓦(1)以使得所述卡瓦(1)进行第一次径向膨胀；所述第一管部(4)能够插入所述第一膨胀体(2)且所述第二管部(5)能够插入所述第二膨胀体(3)，以使得所述第一膨胀体(2)和所述第二膨胀体(3)能够分别径向膨胀，从而使得所述卡瓦(1)进行第二次径向膨胀；
    其中，所述桥塞能够设置为：所述第一管部(4)推动所述第一膨胀体(2)逐渐插入所述卡瓦(1)的上端，同时所述第二管部(5)推动所述第二膨胀体(3)逐渐插入所述卡瓦(1)的下端，从而使得所述卡瓦(1)先进行所述第一次径向膨胀，然后进行所述第二次径向膨胀；
    其中，所述第一膨胀体(2)径向膨胀所需要的作用力和所述第二膨胀体(3)径向膨胀所述需要的作用力分别大于所述卡瓦(1)径向膨胀所需要的作用力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述第一膨胀体(2)包括渐缩的第一主体部(22)和连接于所述第一主体部(22)的大端的第一支撑环(21)，所述第二膨胀体(3)包括渐缩的第二主体部(32)和连接于所述第二主体部(32)的大端的第二支撑环(31)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述第一支撑环(21)断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦(1)径向膨胀所需要的作用力，所述第二支撑环 (31)断裂所需要的作用力大于所述卡瓦(1)径向膨胀所需要的作用力。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述第一主体部(22)包括周向排列的多个第一膨胀板，所述第二主体部(32)包括周向排列的多个第二膨胀板。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述第一膨胀板一体连接于所述第一支撑环(21)，所述第二膨胀板一体连接于所述第二支撑环(31)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述卡瓦(1)包括周向排列的多个齿板(11)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述卡瓦(1)包括连接于所述齿板(11)的两端的密封环(12)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述齿板(11)的数量、所述第一膨胀板的数量和所述第二膨胀板的数量相同。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述齿板(11)的内表面设置有第一限位槽，所述第一膨胀板的外表面设置有第一限位条，所述第一限位槽能够分别引导所述第一限位条轴向地移动。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述齿板(11)的内表面设置有第二限位槽，所述第二膨胀板的外表面设置有第二限位条，所述第二限位槽能够引导所述第二限位条轴向地移动。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述第一管部(4)的上端设置有投球座。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的桥塞，其特征在于，所述第一管部(4)包括第一渐缩管(42)和连接于所述第一渐缩管(42)的大端的第一圆形管(41)，所 述第二管部(5)包括第二渐缩管(52)和连接于所述第二渐缩管(52)的大端的第二圆形管(51)。
  13. 一种生产管柱，其特征在于，所述生产管柱包括依次连接的连续油管(6)、坐封工具(8)、中心杆(9)和设置在所述中心杆(9)上的桥塞，所述桥塞为权利要求1-12中任意一项所述的桥塞。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的生产管柱，其特征在于，所述生产管柱的操作流程为：
    首先依次连接所述桥塞、所述中心杆(9)、所述坐封工具(7)和所述连续油管(6)，并下放至设计位置，通过井口向坐封工具(7)打压，分别压缩第一膨胀体(2)和所述第二膨胀体(3)膨胀，使得所述卡瓦(1)进行两次径向膨胀，实现坐封和密封；然后上提所述连续油管(6)，带动所述中心杆(9)和所述坐封工具(7)与所述桥塞脱离分开，并提至井口拆除；然后泵送密封可溶球(10)，使得密封可溶球(10)与第一膨胀体(2)密封；最后井口提升泵压进行压裂施工，得到新的压裂裂缝(11)。
PCT/CN2024/071078 2023-06-16 2024-01-08 桥塞及生产管柱 Ceased WO2024255224A1 (zh)

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