WO2024253074A1 - 光検出装置および電子機器 - Google Patents
光検出装置および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024253074A1 WO2024253074A1 PCT/JP2024/020300 JP2024020300W WO2024253074A1 WO 2024253074 A1 WO2024253074 A1 WO 2024253074A1 JP 2024020300 W JP2024020300 W JP 2024020300W WO 2024253074 A1 WO2024253074 A1 WO 2024253074A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/78—Readout circuits for addressed sensors, e.g. output amplifiers or A/D converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/79—Arrangements of circuitry being divided between different or multiple substrates, chips or circuit boards, e.g. stacked image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/011—Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12
- H10F39/018—Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of hybrid image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/802—Geometry or disposition of elements in pixels, e.g. address-lines or gate electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8037—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/806—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/807—Pixel isolation structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/809—Constructional details of image sensors of hybrid image sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/811—Interconnections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/813—Electronic components shared by multiple pixels, e.g. one amplifier shared by two pixels
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a light detection device and electronic equipment.
- An imaging device has been proposed that has a stacked structure of a first substrate having sensor pixels, a second substrate having a readout circuit, and a third substrate having a logic circuit (Patent Document 1).
- An optical detection device includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that photoelectrically convert light, a second substrate stacked on the first substrate and having a plurality of readout circuits capable of outputting a first signal based on electric charges converted by the photoelectric conversion elements, a through electrode provided for each readout circuit or for each of a plurality of readout circuits in the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal, and a first insulating layer provided around the through electrode so as to penetrate the second substrate.
- An optical detection device includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that photoelectrically convert light, a second substrate having a plurality of readout circuits, each of which includes an amplification transistor capable of generating a first signal based on an electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element, and is stacked on the first substrate, a through electrode provided for each readout circuit or for each of a plurality of readout circuits on the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal, and an insulating layer provided to surround the amplification transistor on the second substrate.
- An optical detection device includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that photoelectrically convert light; a second substrate stacked on the first substrate and having a plurality of amplification transistors capable of generating a first signal based on electric charges converted by the photoelectric conversion elements; a first pixel and a second pixel each including a photoelectric conversion element and an amplification transistor; a first isolation region provided on the second substrate to surround the amplification transistor of the first pixel; and a second isolation region having at least a portion of the first isolation region and provided on the second substrate to surround the amplification transistor of the second pixel.
- an electronic device includes an optical system and a photodetector that receives light transmitted through the optical system.
- the photodetector includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric charge, a second substrate that is stacked on the first substrate and has a plurality of readout circuits that can output a first signal based on the electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion elements, a through electrode that is provided for each readout circuit or each of the plurality of readout circuits in the second substrate and can transmit the first signal, and a first insulating layer that is provided around the through electrode so as to penetrate the second substrate.
- an electronic device includes an optical system and a photodetector that receives light transmitted through the optical system.
- the photodetector includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric charge, a second substrate having a plurality of readout circuits each including an amplification transistor capable of generating a first signal based on the electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion elements and stacked on the first substrate, a through electrode provided for each readout circuit or each of the plurality of readout circuits in the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal, and an insulating layer provided on the second substrate to surround the amplification transistor.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device which is an example of a light detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel unit of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a circuit configuration of a pixel of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another example of a circuit configuration of a pixel of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining another example of a circuit configuration of a pixel of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device which is an example of a light detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel unit of the imaging device according
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining another example of a circuit configuration of a pixel of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of a planar configuration of the imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of a pixel of an imaging device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of a pixel of an imaging device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an example of a planar configuration of an imaging device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to the first modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining an example of a planar configuration of an imaging device according to the first modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining another example of the cross-sectional configuration of the imaging device according to the first modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cross
- FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining an example of a planar configuration of an imaging device according to the second modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the third modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the fourth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining another configuration example of an imaging device according to the fourth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining another configuration example of an imaging device according to the fourth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining another configuration example of an imaging device according to the fourth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining another configuration example of an imaging device according to the fourth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining another
- FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining another configuration example of an imaging device according to the fourth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the fifth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the sixth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the seventh modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 8 of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 9 of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 9 of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 9 of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining another example configuration of an imaging device according to the ninth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to a tenth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to a tenth modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to the eleventh modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram for explaining another example configuration of an imaging device according to the eleventh modification of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of an electronic device having an imaging device.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a vehicle control system.
- FIG. 45 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the installation positions of the outside-vehicle information detection unit and the imaging unit.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an endoscopic surgery system.
- FIG. 47 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the camera head and the CCU.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device which is an example of a light detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a pixel unit of the imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- the light detection device is a device capable of detecting incident light.
- the imaging device 1 which is a light detection device has a plurality of pixels P having a photoelectric conversion unit (photoelectric conversion element) and is configured to perform photoelectric conversion of the incident light to generate a signal.
- the imaging device 1 (light detection device) can generate a signal by receiving light transmitted through an optical system (not shown) including an optical lens.
- the imaging device 1 is configured, for example, using a semiconductor substrate (e.g., a silicon substrate) on which a plurality of pixels P are provided.
- the photoelectric conversion unit of each pixel P of the imaging device 1 is, for example, a photodiode (PD) and is configured to be capable of photoelectric conversion of light.
- the imaging device 1 has an area (pixel section 100) in which a plurality of pixels P are arranged two-dimensionally in a matrix as an imaging area.
- the pixel section 100 is a pixel array in which a plurality of pixels P are arranged, and can also be considered a light receiving area.
- the imaging device 1 captures incident light (image light) from a subject through an optical system including an optical lens.
- the imaging device 1 captures an image of the subject formed by the optical lens.
- the imaging device 1 can perform photoelectric conversion on the received light to generate a pixel signal.
- the imaging device 1 is, for example, a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor.
- the imaging device 1 can be used in electronic devices such as digital still cameras, video cameras, and mobile phones.
- the direction of incidence of light from the subject is the Z-axis direction
- the left-right direction on the paper that is perpendicular to the Z-axis direction is the X-axis direction
- the up-down direction on the paper that is perpendicular to the Z-axis and X-axis directions is the Y-axis direction.
- directions may be indicated based on the direction of the arrow in Figure 2.
- the imaging device 1 which will be described later, has a structure (layered structure) formed by stacking multiple substrates. As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the imaging device 1 has a pixel driving unit 110, a signal processing unit 112, a control unit 113, a processing unit 114, etc. The imaging device 1 also has multiple control lines Lread and multiple signal lines VSL.
- the control line Lread is a signal line capable of transmitting a signal that controls the pixel P, and is connected to the pixel driving unit 110 and the pixel P of the pixel unit 100.
- a plurality of control lines Lread are wired for each pixel row made up of a plurality of pixels P arranged in the horizontal direction (row direction).
- the control line Lread is configured to transmit a control signal for reading out a signal from the pixel P.
- the multiple control lines Lread for each pixel row of the imaging device 1 include, for example, wiring for transmitting a signal that controls a transfer transistor, wiring for transmitting a signal that controls a selection transistor, wiring for transmitting a signal that controls a reset transistor, etc.
- the control lines Lread can also be considered as drive lines (pixel drive lines) that transmit signals that drive the pixels P.
- the signal line VSL is a signal line capable of transmitting a signal from the pixel P, and is connected to the pixel P of the pixel unit 100 and the signal processing unit 112.
- one or more signal lines VSL are wired for each pixel column composed of multiple pixels P aligned in the vertical direction (column direction).
- the signal line VSL is configured to be capable of transmitting a signal output from the pixel P.
- multiple signal lines VSL may be provided for one pixel column.
- the imaging device 1 has, for example, multiple signal lines VSL for each pixel column.
- the signal line VSL may be configured using a through electrode, a via, etc.
- the pixel driving unit 110 is configured to be able to drive each pixel P of the pixel unit 100.
- the pixel driving unit 110 is a driving circuit, and is configured by a plurality of circuits including, for example, a buffer, a shift register, an address decoder, etc.
- the pixel driving unit 110 generates a signal for driving the pixel P, and outputs it to each pixel P of the pixel unit 100 via a control line Lread.
- the pixel driving unit 110 is controlled by the control unit 113, and controls the pixels P of the pixel unit 100.
- the pixel driving unit 110 generates signals for controlling the pixel P, such as a signal for controlling the transfer transistor of the pixel P, a signal for controlling the selection transistor, and a signal for controlling the reset transistor, and supplies these to each pixel P via a control line Lread.
- the pixel driving unit 110 can control the reading of pixel signals from each pixel P.
- the pixel driving unit 110 can also be called a pixel control unit configured to be able to control each pixel P.
- the pixel driving unit 110 and the control unit 113 can also be called a pixel control unit collectively.
- the signal processing unit 112 is configured to be able to perform signal processing of the input pixel signal.
- the signal processing unit 112 is a signal processing circuit, and has, for example, a load circuit unit, an AD conversion unit 40, a horizontal selection switch, etc.
- the load circuit unit is configured by a current source capable of supplying current to the amplification transistor of the pixel P.
- the load circuit unit for example, forms a source follower circuit together with the amplification transistor of the pixel P.
- the signal processing unit 112 may also have an amplification circuit unit configured to amplify the signal read out from the pixel P via the signal line VSL.
- the signal processing unit 112 includes a plurality of AD conversion units 40 (AD conversion circuits), and can output pixel signals converted into digital signals by the AD conversion units 40.
- the AD conversion units 40 are ADCs (Analog to Digital Converters).
- an AD conversion unit 40 is provided for each of the plurality of signal lines VSL.
- An AD conversion unit 40 can be provided for each pixel column of the pixel unit 100.
- the AD conversion unit 40 is configured to convert the input analog signal into a digital signal.
- the AD conversion unit 40 performs AD conversion processing on the pixel signal, which is an analog signal input from each pixel P via the signal line VSL.
- the AD conversion unit 40 includes, as an example, a comparison circuit (comparator circuit) and a counter, and can convert the input pixel signal into a digital signal with a predetermined number of bits.
- the signal output from each pixel P selected and scanned by the pixel driving unit 110 is input to the signal processing unit 112 via the signal line VSL.
- the signal processing unit 112 can perform signal processing such as AD conversion of the pixel P signal and CDS (Correlated Double Sampling).
- the signal from each pixel P transmitted through each signal line VSL is subjected to signal processing by the signal processing unit 112 and output to the processing unit 114.
- the processing unit 114 is configured to be able to perform signal processing on the input signal.
- the processing unit 114 is a processing circuit, and is configured, for example, by a circuit that performs various types of signal processing on pixel signals.
- the processing unit 114 may include a processor and a memory.
- the processing unit 114 performs signal processing on pixel signals input from the signal processing unit 112, and outputs the processed pixel signals.
- the processing unit 114 can perform various types of signal processing, for example, noise reduction processing, tone correction processing, etc.
- the control unit 113 is configured to be able to control each unit of the imaging device 1.
- the control unit 113 receives an externally provided clock, data instructing the operation mode, and the like, and can also output data such as internal information of the imaging device 1.
- the control unit 113 is a control circuit, and has, for example, a timing generator configured to be able to generate various timing signals.
- the control unit 113 controls the driving of the pixel driving unit 110 and the signal processing unit 112, etc., based on various timing signals (pulse signals, clock signals, etc.) generated by the timing generator.
- the pixel driving unit 110, the signal processing unit 112, the control unit 113, the processing unit 114, etc. may be provided on a single semiconductor substrate, or may be provided separately on multiple semiconductor substrates. Some or all of the signal processing unit 112, the control unit 113, and the processing unit 114 may be configured as an integrated unit.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of the circuit configuration of a pixel of the imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- a pixel P of the imaging device 1 has a photoelectric conversion unit 12 (photoelectric conversion element), a transfer transistor TRG, a floating diffusion FD, and a readout circuit 20.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 is configured to receive light and generate a signal.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 is a light receiving unit (light receiving element) and is configured to be able to generate an electric charge by photoelectric conversion.
- the readout circuit 20 is configured to be capable of outputting a signal based on the photoelectrically converted charge.
- the readout circuit 20 is provided for, for example, a plurality of pixels P.
- the imaging device 1 has a configuration in which a single readout circuit 20 is shared by a plurality of pixels P.
- a readout circuit 20 is arranged for every two pixels P (referred to as pixel Pa and pixel Pb). Pixels Pa and Pb share one readout circuit 20. For example, a 2 ⁇ 1 pixel consisting of adjacent pixels Pa and Pb shares one readout circuit 20. Multiple pixels P sharing one readout circuit 20 can also be called a pixel unit (or pixel block).
- the imaging device 1 can read out the pixel signals of each of the 2 x 1 pixels by operating the readout circuit 20 in a time-division manner.
- the imaging device 1 can also read out a pixel signal in which the signals of each of the 2 x 1 pixels are added together.
- the imaging device 1 can read out a pixel signal corresponding to the charge obtained by adding up the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 12 of pixel Pa and the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 12 of pixel Pb.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 is a photodiode (PD) that converts incident light into an electric charge.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 (in FIG. 3, the photodiode PD of pixel Pa and the photodiode PD of pixel Pb) performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric charge according to the amount of light received.
- the transfer transistor TRG (in FIG. 3, the transfer transistor TRG1 of pixel Pa and the transfer transistor TRG2 of pixel Pb) is configured to be able to transfer the charge photoelectrically converted in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the floating diffusion FD.
- the transfer transistor TRG is controlled by a signal STRG, and electrically connects or disconnects the photoelectric conversion unit 12 and the floating diffusion FD.
- the transfer transistor TRG can transfer the charge photoelectrically converted and accumulated in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the floating diffusion FD.
- the transfer transistors TRG of pixels Pa and Pb are controlled by different signals.
- the transfer transistor TRG1 of pixel Pa is on/off controlled by signal STRG1.
- the transfer transistor TRG2 of pixel Pb is on/off controlled by signal STRG2.
- the floating diffusion FD is an accumulation section and is configured to be able to accumulate the transferred charge.
- the floating diffusion FD can accumulate the charge photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion section 12.
- the floating diffusion FD can also be said to be a retention section capable of retaining the transferred charge.
- the floating diffusion FD accumulates the transferred charge and converts it into a voltage according to the capacity of the floating diffusion FD.
- the readout circuit 20 has an amplification transistor AMP, a selection transistor SEL, and a reset transistor RST, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the amplification transistor AMP is configured to generate and output a signal based on the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion FD.
- the amplification transistor AMP can generate and output a signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the gate of the amplifier transistor AMP is electrically connected to the floating diffusion FD, and the voltage converted by the floating diffusion FD is input.
- the drain of the amplifier transistor AMP is connected to a power supply line that supplies the power supply voltage VDD.
- the source of the amplification transistor AMP is connected to the signal line VSL via the selection transistor SEL.
- the amplification transistor AMP generates a signal based on the charge stored in the floating diffusion FD, i.e., a signal based on the voltage of the floating diffusion FD, and can output it to the signal line VSL.
- the selection transistor SEL is configured to be capable of controlling the output of a pixel signal.
- the selection transistor SEL is controlled by a signal SSEL, and is configured to be capable of outputting a signal from the amplification transistor AMP to a signal line VSL.
- the selection transistor SEL can control the output timing of the pixel signal.
- the selection transistor SEL is configured to be capable of outputting a signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the selection transistor SEL may be provided between the power supply line to which the power supply voltage VDD is applied and the amplification transistor AMP, as in the example shown in FIG. 4.
- the drain of the amplification transistor AMP is connected to the power supply line to which the power supply voltage VDD is supplied via the selection transistor SEL.
- the source of the amplification transistor AMP is connected to the signal line VSL.
- the selection transistor SEL may be omitted as necessary.
- the reset transistor RST is configured to be able to reset the voltage of the floating diffusion FD.
- the reset transistor RST is electrically connected to a power supply line to which a power supply voltage VDD is applied, and is configured to reset the charge of the pixel P.
- the reset transistor RST is controlled by a signal SRST, and can reset the charge accumulated in the floating diffusion FD and reset the voltage of the floating diffusion FD.
- the reset transistor RST can also discharge the charge accumulated in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 via the transfer transistor TRG.
- the transfer transistor TRG, amplification transistor AMP, selection transistor SEL, and reset transistor RST described above are each MOS transistors (MOSFETs) having gate, source, and drain terminals.
- MOSFETs MOS transistors
- the transfer transistor TRG, amplification transistor AMP, selection transistor SEL, and reset transistor RST are each composed of an NMOS transistor.
- the transistor of pixel P may be composed of a PMOS transistor.
- the imaging device 1 may have a configuration in which three or more pixels P share one readout circuit 20.
- a readout circuit 20 may be arranged for every four pixels P (referred to as pixels Pa to Pd).
- the selection transistor SEL may be electrically connected between the power supply line and the amplification transistor AMP, as in the example shown in FIG. 6. Furthermore, the selection transistor SEL may be omitted if necessary.
- pixels Pa, Pb, Pc, and Pd share one readout circuit 20.
- a pixel unit including 2 ⁇ 2 pixels made up of adjacent pixels Pa to Pd shares one readout circuit 20.
- the imaging device 1 may have a configuration in which five or more pixels P, for example, eight pixels P, share one readout circuit 20.
- the pixel driving unit 110 supplies control signals to the gates of the transfer transistor TRG, selection transistor SEL, reset transistor RST, etc. of each pixel P via the control line Lread described above, turning the transistors on (conducting state) or off (non-conducting state).
- the multiple control lines Lread of the imaging device 1 include wiring that transmits a signal STRG that controls the transfer transistor TRG, wiring that transmits a signal SSEL that controls the selection transistor SEL, wiring that transmits a signal SRST that controls the reset transistor RST, etc.
- the transfer transistor TRG, selection transistor SEL, reset transistor RST, etc. are controlled to be turned on and off by the pixel driving unit 110.
- the pixel driving unit 110 controls the readout circuit 20 of each pixel P to output a pixel signal from each pixel P to a signal line VSL.
- the pixel driving unit 110 can control the reading out of the pixel signal of each pixel P to the signal line VSL.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to a first embodiment.
- imaging device 1 has a first substrate 101, a second substrate 102, and a third substrate 103.
- Imaging device 1 has a configuration in which first substrate 101, second substrate 102, and third substrate 103 are stacked in the Z-axis direction.
- a first substrate 101, a second substrate 102, and a third substrate 103 are provided.
- the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102, and the third substrate 103 are each made of a semiconductor substrate (e.g., a silicon substrate, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate, etc.).
- a semiconductor substrate e.g., a silicon substrate, an SOI (Silicon On Insulator) substrate, etc.
- the first substrate 101 has opposing surfaces 11S1 and 11S2.
- Surface 11S2 is the surface opposite to surface 11S1.
- Surface 11S2 of the first substrate 101 is a light receiving surface (light incident surface).
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 12 are provided along surfaces 11S1 and 11S2 of the first substrate 101.
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 12 are embedded.
- the second substrate 102 has opposing surfaces 12S1 and 12S2.
- Surface 12S2 is the surface opposite surface 12S1.
- the third substrate 103 has opposing surfaces 13S1 and 13S2.
- Surface 13S2 is the surface opposite surface 13S1.
- Surfaces 11S1, 12S1, and 13S1 are element formation surfaces on which elements such as transistors are formed.
- a gate electrode, a gate insulating film (e.g., a gate oxide film), etc. may be provided on each of surfaces 11S1, 12S1, and 13S1.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the transfer transistor TRG, amplification transistor AMP, selection transistor SEL, etc. of the pixel P described above.
- the transfer transistor TRG and floating diffusion FD are formed on the surface 11S1 side of the first substrate 101.
- the transistors (amplification transistor AMP, selection transistor SEL, reset transistor RST, etc.) of the readout circuit 20 of the pixel P are provided on the surface 12S1 side of the second substrate 102.
- a wiring layer 111 is provided on the surface 11S1 side of the first substrate 101.
- a wiring layer 121 is provided on the surface 12S1 side of the second substrate 102, and a wiring layer 122 is provided on the surface 12S2 side of the second substrate 102.
- a wiring layer 131 is provided on the surface 13S1 side of the third substrate 103.
- Each of the wiring layers 111, 121, 122, and 131 includes, for example, a conductive film and an insulating film, and has a plurality of wirings and vias (VIAs), etc.
- the wiring layers 111, 121, 122, and 131 each have a configuration in which multiple wirings are stacked with insulating films (interlayer insulating films) between them.
- Each insulating film of the wiring layers 111, 121, 122, and 131 can also be called an interlayer insulating film (interlayer insulating layer).
- each of the wiring layers 111, 121, 122, and 131 includes two or more layers of wiring.
- Each of the wiring layers 122 and 131 may include three or more layers of wiring.
- the wiring of each of the wiring layers 111, 121, 122, and 131 is formed using a metal material such as aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or tungsten (W).
- the wiring of each of the wiring layers 111, 121, 122, and 131 may be formed using polysilicon (Poly-Si) or other conductive materials.
- the interlayer insulating film is formed using, for example, silicon oxide (SiO), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), or the like.
- the first substrate 101 and the wiring layer 111 can be collectively referred to as the first substrate 101 (or the first circuit layer).
- the second substrate 102 and the wiring layers 121 and 122 can be collectively referred to as the second substrate 102 (or the second circuit layer).
- the third substrate 103 and the wiring layer 131 can be collectively referred to as the third substrate 103 (or the third circuit layer).
- a plurality of electrodes 85 are provided on the wiring layer 111, and a plurality of electrodes 86 are provided on the wiring layer 121.
- a plurality of electrodes 95 are provided on the wiring layer 122, and a plurality of electrodes 96 are provided on the wiring layer 131. Electrodes 85, 86, 95, and 96 are each formed using, for example, copper (Cu).
- Electrodes 85, 86, 95, and 96 are electrodes used to bond metal electrodes together, and can also be called bonding electrodes.
- the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are bonded together by bonding between metal electrodes (electrodes 85 and 86) made of Cu, i.e., Cu-Cu bonding.
- First substrate 101 and second substrate 102 are laminated by bonding between electrodes so that surfaces 11S1 and 12S1, on which elements such as transistors are formed, face each other. That is, first substrate 101 and second substrate 102 are bonded so that the surface of first substrate 101 and the surface of second substrate 102 face each other. Electrodes 85 and electrodes 86 electrically connect the circuit provided on the first substrate 101 side and the circuit provided on the second substrate 102 side.
- the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 are bonded together by bonding between electrodes 95 and 96 made of Cu, i.e., Cu-Cu bonding.
- the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 are stacked such that the surfaces 12S2 and 13S1 face each other by bonding between the electrodes.
- the second substrate 102 and the third substrate 103 are bonded together such that the rear surface of the second substrate 102 and the front surface of the third substrate 103 face each other.
- the electrodes 95 and 96 electrically connect the circuit of the second substrate 102 and the circuit of the third substrate 103.
- the third substrate 103 and the wiring layer 131 may be provided with, for example, the pixel driving unit 110, the signal processing unit 112, the control unit 113, and the processing unit 114 described above.
- the electrodes 85, 86, 95, and 96 may each be made of a metal material other than copper, such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), gold (Au), or other materials.
- the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102, and the third substrate 103 may be stacked using bumps.
- each transistor of the readout circuit 20 (amplification transistor AMP, selection transistor SEL, reset transistor RST, etc.) is provided on a second substrate 102.
- the floating diffusion FD of the pixel P of the first substrate 101 is electrically connected to the amplification transistor AMP, reset transistor RST, etc. of the readout circuit 20 of the second substrate 102 via the wiring of the wiring layer 111 and the wiring of the wiring layer 121, as in the example shown in FIG. 7.
- the charge photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 12 of the first substrate 101 can be transferred to the floating diffusion FD of the first substrate 101 and the readout circuit 20 of the second substrate 102 via the transfer transistor TRG.
- the readout circuit 20 generates a pixel signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit 12, and can output the pixel signal to the signal processing unit 112 on the third substrate 103 via a signal line VSL that includes a through electrode, which will be described later.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 and the readout circuit 20 are disposed on separate substrates. Therefore, the imaging device 1 can have a structure that is advantageous for miniaturizing pixels.
- the second substrate 102 and wiring layers 121, 122 of the imaging device 1 have a plurality of through electrodes 50, as shown in FIG. 7.
- a plurality of through electrodes 50 are provided for each pixel P or for each set of pixels P.
- the through electrodes 50 are connection electrodes (connection portions) and connect between circuits provided on different layers.
- the through electrodes 50 are provided so as to penetrate the second substrate 102.
- the through electrode 50 is formed between adjacent readout circuits 20 so as to reach the surface 12S2 of the second substrate 102, penetrating the second substrate 102.
- the through electrode 50 is an electrode that penetrates the second substrate 102.
- the through electrode 50 is formed so as to extend in the Z-axis direction and reach inside the wiring layer 122.
- the through electrode 50 is made of, for example, tungsten (W), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), etc.
- the through electrode 50 may be formed using cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), silver (Ag), etc.
- the through electrode 50 may be made of other metal materials.
- the through electrode 50 electrically connects the readout circuit 20 of the pixel P to the wiring provided on the surface 12S2 side of the second substrate 102 and the circuit provided on the third substrate 103.
- the readout circuit 20 of the pixel P is electrically connected to the circuit of the third substrate 103 via the through electrode 50 and the bonding electrodes 95, 96, etc.
- the signal line VSL of the imaging device 1 includes a through electrode 50 and is configured to be capable of transmitting pixel signals.
- the through electrode 50 that transmits pixel signals may be provided for each readout circuit 20 or for each of multiple readout circuits 20.
- the through electrode 50 that constitutes part of the signal line VSL is disposed, for example, relative to the selection transistor SEL of the readout circuit 20.
- the signal line VSL includes a wiring 61 provided in the wiring layer 121, and wirings 62 and 63 provided in the wiring layer 122.
- the through electrode 50 which is part of the signal line VSL, is electrically connected to the selection transistor SEL via the wiring 61, and is electrically connected to the wiring 63 via the wiring 62.
- the wiring 63 is wired in the wiring layer 122 so as to run along the direction in which the pixels in the pixel column are arranged.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining an example of the planar configuration of the imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- A) of FIG. 8 shows an example of the planar configuration of the second substrate 102 and wiring layer 121 of the imaging device 1.
- B) of FIG. 8 shows an example of the planar configuration of the wiring layer 122 of the imaging device 1.
- the readout circuit 20 is provided for an area of two pixels P that share the readout circuit 20, as shown in the example in FIG. 8.
- the readout circuit 20 may be arranged for an area of 2 ⁇ 2 pixels that share the readout circuit 20.
- the selection transistors SEL of the multiple readout circuits 20 are electrically connected to the wiring 63 formed in the wiring layer 122 via the wiring 61 and the through electrode 50, etc., as shown in FIGS. 8(A) and (B).
- the wiring 63 is arranged to extend, for example, in the column direction (for example, the Y-axis direction).
- a plurality of wirings 63 corresponding to a plurality of signal lines VSL can be arranged for a pixel column.
- the readout circuit 20 of the pixel P is electrically connected to the signal processing unit 112 including the AD conversion unit 40 provided on the third substrate 103 via the signal line VSL, which is a signal line using the through electrode 50 as described above.
- the pixel signal output from the amplification transistor AMP of the pixel P is input to the AD conversion unit 40 of the signal processing unit 112 via the wiring 61, the through electrode 50, the wirings 62 and 63, and the electrodes 95 and 96, etc.
- the signal line VSL reaches the surface 12S2 side of the second substrate 102 by the through electrode 50, and is wired so as to extend in a predetermined direction (e.g., the column direction) in the wiring layer 122 on the surface 12S2 side. This makes it possible to prevent an increase in the number of wiring layers in the wiring layer 121 on the surface 12S1 side.
- the wiring layer 121 can be made lower in height, and the distance (spacing) between the floating diffusion FD of the first substrate 101 and the amplification transistor AMP of the second substrate 102 can be shortened. This makes it possible to reduce the wiring capacitance added to the floating diffusion FD in the wiring layer 121. This makes it possible to improve the conversion efficiency (conversion gain) when converting charge to voltage in the floating diffusion FD.
- the signal line VSL can be separated from the floating diffusion FD, making it possible to reduce unnecessary parasitic capacitance formed between the signal line VSL and the floating diffusion FD. This makes it possible to prevent noise from being mixed into the pixel signal and to prevent deterioration in the quality of the pixel signal. It becomes possible to prevent deterioration in the image quality.
- the imaging device 1 is also provided with an insulating layer 70, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
- the insulating layer 70 is provided so as to penetrate the second substrate 102 around the through electrode 50.
- the insulating layer 70 is configured to include, for example, a trench (groove portion).
- the insulating layer 70 is configured using an insulating material, and is disposed around the through electrode 50 in the second substrate 102.
- the insulating layer 70 is provided within the second substrate 102, and can also be said to be disposed by replacing part of the second substrate 102.
- the insulating layer 70 is provided adjacent to the through electrode 50, for example, as in the examples shown in Figures 7 and 8.
- multiple insulating layers 70 may be formed so as to surround each of the multiple through electrodes 50.
- the insulating layer 70 is provided so as to surround each of the multiple through electrodes 50 in a planar view.
- the insulating layer 70 has a predetermined thickness and may be provided so as to surround the four sides of the through electrode 50.
- the insulating layer 70 may be provided between a transistor of the read circuit 20 (e.g., the selection transistor SEL or the amplification transistor AMP) and the through electrode 50 that constitutes part of the signal line VSL.
- a transistor of the read circuit 20 e.g., the selection transistor SEL or the amplification transistor AMP
- the through electrode 50 that constitutes part of the signal line VSL.
- at least a part of the insulating layer 70 is provided between the through electrode 50 as the signal line VSL and the selection transistor SEL, and the through electrode 50 is located away from the selection transistor SEL.
- the insulating layer 70 is formed between the transistor of the readout circuit 20 and the through electrode 50, and has a predetermined width W (width W1 and width W2 in FIG. 8).
- the width W1 and width W2 shown in FIG. 8 may each be 200 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the widths W1 and W2 of the insulating layer 70 may each be 300 nm or more, or 400 nm or more.
- the insulating layer 70 is formed using an insulating material such as silicon oxide (SiO), silicon nitride (SiN), aluminum oxide (AlO), or a resin material.
- the insulating layer 70 may be made of a low dielectric constant material (low-k material) such as SiOC or SiOCH.
- the insulating layer 70 may be made of SiOF, porous silica, or other materials.
- the insulating layer 70 may be a single layer film made of one of the above materials, or a laminate film made of two or more of these materials.
- an insulating layer 70 is provided around the through electrode 50. This makes it possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance formed in the through electrode 50 that serves as the signal line VSL. It is possible to reduce unnecessary parasitic capacitance added to the signal line VSL, and it is possible to improve the transmission characteristics of the pixel signal. For example, it is possible to suppress signal delays in the signal line VSL, reductions in signal level, reductions in frame rate, and the like. It is also possible to reduce noise components mixed into pixel signals, making it possible to suppress deterioration in signal quality.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of an imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- the imaging device 1 may have a lens 15 and a filter 16.
- the lens 15 and the filter 16 are provided, for example, on the surface 11S2 side of the first substrate 101.
- the lens 15 guides light incident from above to the photoelectric conversion unit 12 side.
- the lens 15 (lens unit) is an optical member also known as an on-chip lens.
- the lens 15 is provided above the photoelectric conversion unit 12, for example, for each pixel P or for each set of pixels P. Light from a subject enters the lens 15 via an optical system such as an imaging lens.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 of the pixel P photoelectrically converts the light entering through the lens 15.
- the filter 16 is configured to selectively transmit light of a specific wavelength range from the incident light.
- the filter 16 is, for example, an RGB color filter, and is provided between the lens 15 and the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the filter 16 is disposed above the photoelectric conversion unit 12, for example, for each pixel P or for each set of multiple pixels P.
- the filter 16 provided for each pixel P of the pixel unit 100 may be a complementary color filter, a filter that transmits infrared light, etc.
- the photodetection device of this embodiment includes a first substrate (first substrate 101) having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements (photoelectric conversion units 12) that photoelectrically convert light, a second substrate (second substrate 102) that is stacked with the first substrate and has a plurality of readout circuits (readout circuits 20) capable of outputting a first signal based on electric charges converted by the photoelectric conversion elements, a through electrode (through electrode 50) that is provided for each readout circuit or for each of a plurality of readout circuits in the second substrate and is capable of transmitting the first signal, and a first insulating layer (insulating layer 70) that is provided so as to penetrate the second substrate around the through electrode.
- an insulating layer 70 is provided around the through electrode 50 capable of transmitting a pixel signal so as to penetrate the second substrate 102. This makes it possible to reduce unnecessary parasitic capacitance added to the through electrode 50 that serves as the signal line VSL. It is possible to realize a photodetection device that can suppress degradation of signal quality.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of a pixel of an imaging device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the amplification transistor AMP and other transistors of the readout circuit 20 are provided in separate wells (wells 25 and 26 in FIG. 10).
- the amplification transistor AMP of the readout circuit 20 is provided in a well 25.
- a well 25 is provided for each amplification transistor AMP.
- one well 25 may be formed for one amplification transistor AMP.
- the selection transistor SEL and reset transistor RST of the readout circuit 20 are provided in a well 26.
- the source region and drain region of the selection transistor SEL and the source region and drain region of the reset transistor RST are each provided in the well 26 (see also FIG. 13).
- the backgate of the amplifying transistor AMP is electrically connected to the source of the amplifying transistor AMP. In this case, it is possible to prevent the backgate effect from occurring in the amplifying transistor AMP, and it is possible to improve the conversion efficiency.
- the amplifying transistor AMP can also be called a lossless amplifier transistor.
- the gain of the source follower circuit including the amplifying transistor AMP can be set to 1, making it possible to suppress deterioration in the quality of the pixel signal.
- FIGS. 11 to 13 are diagrams for explaining an example configuration of an imaging device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the second substrate 102 of the imaging device 1.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the imaging device 1.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a planar configuration of the second substrate 102 of the imaging device 1.
- well 25 and well 26 are, for example, p-type semiconductor regions and p-type wells (p-wells).
- Wells 25 and 26, which are p-type well regions, are provided in second substrate 102.
- An insulating layer 70 is provided between well 25 and well 26, electrically isolating well 25 and well 26.
- the insulating layer 70 is provided so as to surround the amplifying transistor AMP on the second substrate 102. Also, as in the first embodiment, the insulating layer 70 is provided around the through electrode 50. The insulating layer 70 provided around the through electrode 50 also serves as a separator that separates the well 25 and the well 26.
- the insulating layer 70 is formed, for example, using a trench (groove portion).
- the insulating layer 70 has a full trench isolation (FTI) structure and is formed so as to penetrate the second substrate 102.
- the insulating layer 70 is provided so as to surround the well 25 in the second substrate 102.
- an insulating film such as a silicon oxide film or an aluminum oxide film, is provided within the trench.
- the insulating layer 70 may be formed using other insulating materials having a low refractive index.
- a semiconductor region 35 is provided on the surface 12S1 side of the second substrate 102.
- the semiconductor region 35 is a semiconductor region of the same conductivity type as the well 25.
- the semiconductor region 35 has, for example, a higher impurity concentration than the impurity concentration of the well 25 and is a p+ type semiconductor region.
- the semiconductor region 35 which is a p+ region, is a p+ type diffusion region and can also be said to be a p+ type conductive region.
- the semiconductor region 35 is a well contact region and is arranged, for example, for each well 25.
- the semiconductor region 35 can form part of the back gate of the amplifier transistor AMP.
- the amplifier transistor AMP also has a semiconductor region 32 and a semiconductor region 33.
- the semiconductor region 32 is the source region of the amplifier transistor AMP.
- the semiconductor region 33 is the drain region of the amplifier transistor AMP.
- the semiconductor region 32 and the semiconductor region 33 each have, for example, an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the well 25, and are n+ type semiconductor regions.
- the semiconductor region 33, which is the drain region of the amplifier transistor AMP, is electrically connected to a power supply line to which the power supply voltage VDD is supplied.
- the semiconductor region 32 which becomes the source region of the amplifier transistor AMP, is electrically connected to the semiconductor region 35, as in the examples shown in Figures 11 and 13. That is, the source of the amplifier transistor AMP and the backgate of the amplifier transistor AMP are electrically connected. This makes it possible to suppress fluctuations in the threshold voltage of the amplifier transistor AMP.
- the readout circuit 20 can generate and output pixel signals using an amplification transistor AMP having a lossless amplifier structure. This can reduce degradation in the quality of the pixel signals. It is possible to prevent noise from being mixed into the pixel signals and to prevent degradation in image quality.
- the photodetection device of this embodiment includes a first substrate (first substrate 101) having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements (photoelectric conversion units 12) that photoelectrically convert light, a second substrate (second substrate 102) having a plurality of readout circuits (readout circuits 20) each including an amplification transistor capable of generating a first signal based on an electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion elements and stacked on the first substrate, a through electrode (through electrode 50) provided for each readout circuit or for each of a plurality of readout circuits in the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal, and an insulating layer (insulating layer 70) provided to surround the amplification transistor in the second substrate.
- first substrate 101 having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements (photoelectric conversion units 12) that photoelectrically convert light
- second substrate 102 having a plurality of readout circuits (readout circuits 20) each including an amplification transistor capable of generating a first signal based on an electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion elements and stacked
- an insulating layer 70 is provided on the second substrate 102 so as to surround the amplification transistor AMP. This allows the well 25 of the amplification transistor AMP to be isolated from other wells, making it possible to improve the characteristics of the amplification transistor AMP. It is possible to realize a photodetection device that can suppress degradation of signal quality.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of a pixel of an imaging device according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the imaging device 1 has an isolation region 80 provided around the amplification transistor AMP.
- the isolation region 80 (isolation portion) is configured using, for example, a trench (groove portion) and is provided on the second substrate 102 so as to surround the amplification transistor AMP.
- the amplification transistor AMP of the readout circuit 20 is provided in a well 25 surrounded by an isolation region 80.
- Other transistors of the readout circuit 20 e.g., a selection transistor SEL and a reset transistor RST
- the wells 25 and 26 are, for example, p-type wells.
- An isolation region 80 is provided between the wells 25 and 26, electrically isolating the wells 25 and 26.
- the amplifier transistor AMP has a semiconductor region 32 and a semiconductor region 33.
- the semiconductor region 32 which is the source region of the amplifier transistor AMP
- the semiconductor region 33 which is the drain region of the amplifier transistor AMP, are each an n+ type semiconductor region and are provided in the well 25.
- the semiconductor region 35 is a semiconductor region of the same conductivity type as the well 25, for example, a p+ type semiconductor region.
- the semiconductor region 35 is arranged, for example, for each well 25, as a well contact region.
- the semiconductor region 35 can form part of the backgate of the amplification transistor AMP.
- the imaging device 1 has a configuration in which multiple pixels P (or pixel units) share at least a portion of the isolation region 80.
- an isolation region 80 is shown provided for the amplification transistor AMP of pixel Pa1.
- an isolation region 80 is shown provided for the amplification transistor AMP of pixel Pa2.
- Isolation region 80a and isolation region 80b are integrally configured and, for example, have a common portion 71.
- Isolation region 80b has a portion 71 that is part of isolation region 80a, and is provided so as to surround the amplification transistor AMP of pixel Pa2.
- Isolation region 80a has a portion 71 that is also part of isolation region 80b, and is provided so as to surround the amplification transistor AMP of pixel Pa1.
- pixels P pixels Pa1 and Pa2 in FIG. 14
- pixels Pa1 and Pa2 adjacent to each other in the gate width direction of the amplification transistor AMP share a portion 71.
- Isolation region 80a and isolation region 80b can be formed continuously and provided as one unit. In the example shown in FIG. 14, isolation region 80a and isolation region 80b are provided so as to be continuous at the boundary between pixel Pa1 and pixel Pa2. Isolation region 80 (isolation regions 80a, 80b in FIG. 14) has, for example, a DTI (Deep Trench Isolation) structure. Note that isolation region 80a and isolation region 80b can be collectively referred to as an isolation region.
- DTI Deep Trench Isolation
- the isolation region 80 is provided from the surface 12S1 of the second substrate 102 to between the surfaces 12S1 and 12S2 of the second substrate 102.
- the isolation region 80 (i.e., the trench) is arranged in the second substrate 102 so as to surround the semiconductor region 32 and the semiconductor region 33 of the amplification transistor AMP, and the semiconductor region 35.
- the imaging device 1 may also have a semiconductor region 36 provided in the second substrate 102.
- the semiconductor region 36 is a semiconductor region of a different conductivity type from the well 25, and is formed on the surface 12S2 side of the second substrate 102.
- the semiconductor region 36 is a region formed using an impurity, for example, an n-type semiconductor region.
- the semiconductor region 36 has an impurity concentration higher than the impurity concentration of the well 25 and is an n+ type semiconductor region.
- the semiconductor region 36 is disposed in contact with the isolation region 80 and is located below the wells 25 and 26 in the second substrate 102.
- the wells 25 and 26 are electrically isolated from each other by the isolation region 80 and the semiconductor region 36.
- a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 ) is provided in the trench of the isolation region 80.
- the trench of the isolation region 80 may be filled with other insulating films, such as a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, etc.
- the isolation region 80 may be formed using other insulating materials.
- the trench of the isolation region 80 may be filled with polysilicon, a metal material, etc.
- the isolation region 80 may be formed using polysilicon (Poly-Si) or silicon nitride (SiN).
- the isolation region 80 may be formed by embedding a polysilicon film or a silicon nitride film in the trench of the isolation region 80. By using polysilicon or silicon nitride as the embedding material, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks in the isolation region 80.
- the separation region 80 may have a portion 81a and a portion 81b, as in the example shown in FIG. 16.
- the portion 81a of the separation region 80 is provided on the surface 12S1 side of the second substrate 102.
- the portion 81b of the separation region 80 is provided so as to reach the semiconductor region 36 from below the portion 81a.
- the separation region 80 may be provided so as to reach the surface 12S2 of the second substrate 102, as in the example shown in FIG. 17 or FIG. 18.
- the separation region 80 is provided so as to penetrate the second substrate 102.
- the portion 81b of the separation region 80 is formed from the bottom (lower end) of the portion 81a to the surface 12S2 of the second substrate 102.
- the semiconductor region 32 that serves as the source region of the amplifier transistor AMP is electrically connected to the semiconductor region 35, for example, as shown in the example of FIG. 15. That is, the source of the amplifier transistor AMP and the back gate of the amplifier transistor AMP are electrically connected.
- the amplifier transistor AMP is configured as a lossless amplifier, and it is possible to suppress the introduction of noise into the pixel signal.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an example of the planar configuration of an imaging device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 19 shows an example of the planar configuration of the second substrate 102 of the imaging device 1.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining an example of the cross-sectional configuration of the imaging device.
- the imaging device 1 according to this embodiment may have a structure in which, for example, two or three or more semiconductor layers are stacked.
- the select transistor SEL and reset transistor RST of the readout circuit 20 are provided in the region around the amplification transistor AMP on the second substrate 102, for example, as shown in the example of FIG. 19 or FIG. 20.
- the source region and drain region of the select transistor SEL and the source region and drain region of the reset transistor RST are each formed in the well 26.
- the imaging device 1 has a configuration in which a plurality of pixels P share at least a portion of the isolation region 80. This allows the area in the pixel P in which the amplification transistor AMP is disposed to be made wider (larger). As in the example shown in FIG. 19, the gate width of the amplification transistor AMP can be increased, making it possible to reduce random noise that gets mixed into the pixel signal.
- the amplification transistor AMP is configured as a lossless amplifier, and the gate width of the amplification transistor AMP can be increased. This makes it possible to effectively suppress the inclusion of noise in the pixel signal and suppress deterioration in the quality of the pixel signal. It becomes possible to suppress deterioration in the image quality.
- the photodetection device of this embodiment includes a first substrate (first substrate 101) having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements (photoelectric conversion units 12) that photoelectrically convert light, a second substrate (second substrate 102) stacked with the first substrate and having a plurality of amplification transistors capable of generating a first signal based on charges converted by the photoelectric conversion elements, a first pixel and a second pixel (e.g., pixels Pa1, Pa2) each including a photoelectric conversion element and an amplification transistor, a first isolation region (isolation region 80a) arranged in the second substrate to surround the amplification transistor of the first pixel, and a second isolation region (isolation region 80b) having at least a portion of the first isolation region and arranged in the second substrate to surround the amplification transistor of the second pixel.
- first substrate first substrate 101
- second substrate 102 stacked with the first substrate and having a plurality of amplification transistors capable of generating a first signal based on charges converted by the photoelectric conversion
- the isolation region 80b has a portion 71 of the isolation region 80a, and is provided so as to surround the amplification transistor AMP of pixel Pa2.
- the gate width of the amplification transistor AMP can be increased, and the characteristics of the amplification transistor AMP can be improved. It is possible to realize a photodetection device capable of suppressing degradation of signal quality.
- Fig. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of a cross-sectional configuration of an imaging device according to a first modification of the present disclosure.
- Fig. 22 is a diagram for explaining an example of a planar configuration of an imaging device according to the first modification.
- the imaging device 1 may have an insulating layer 70 (insulating layer 70a) provided around the through electrode 50, and an insulating layer 70 (insulating layer 70b) that electrically separates the wells.
- insulating layer 70a for the through electrode 50
- insulating layer 70b for separating the wells.
- the insulating layer 70a may be provided outside the insulating layer 70b, as shown in the example of Figure 22.
- the insulating layer 70b may be provided so as to penetrate the second substrate 102, for example, as shown in FIG. 21. That is, the insulating layer 70 may be formed so as to reach the surface 12S2 of the second substrate 102. Also, as shown in the example in FIG. 23, the insulating layer 70 may be formed up to between the surfaces 12S1 and 12S2 of the second substrate 102. In the example shown in FIG. 23, the insulating layer 70 is provided from the surface 12S1 side of the second substrate 102 to between the surfaces 12S1 and 12S2 of the second substrate 102. In the case of this modified example, the same effect as that of the imaging device of the above embodiment can be obtained.
- (4-3. Modification 3) 26 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 3.
- the imaging device 1 may be configured to have only one of an insulating layer 70a provided around the through electrode 50 and an insulating layer 70b provided between the wells.
- an insulating layer 70a provided around the through electrode 50
- an insulating layer 70b provided between the wells.
- only the insulating layer 70b may be provided, and the insulating layer 70a may not be provided.
- only the insulating layer 70a may be provided, and the insulating layer 70b may not be provided.
- the isolation regions 80a and 80b provided for the adjacent pixels Pa1 and Pa2 are configured to have a portion shared between the pixels Pa1 and Pa2. Also, the isolation regions 80c and 80d provided for the adjacent pixels Pa3 and Pa4 are configured to have a portion shared between the pixels Pa3 and Pa4.
- FIGS. 28 and 29 are diagrams for explaining another example configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 4.
- an isolation region 80 including a portion shared between pixels P may be provided for every three pixels P.
- isolation regions 80a to 80c provided for adjacent pixels Pa1 to Pa3 are configured to have a portion shared between pixels Pa1 to Pa3.
- an isolation region 80 including a portion shared between pixels P may be provided for every four pixels P.
- isolation regions 80a to 80d provided for adjacent pixels Pa1 to Pa4 are configured to have a portion shared between pixels Pa1 to Pa4.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining another example configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 4.
- a separation region 80 including a portion shared between multiple pixels P may be provided for each pixel row (or pixel column) composed of multiple pixels P aligned in the horizontal direction (or vertical direction).
- the shape of the separation region 80 of the imaging device 1 is not limited to the example shown in the drawings and can be changed as appropriate.
- the shape of the separation region 80 in a plan view may be a rectangle, a circle, or an ellipse.
- the shape of the separation region 80 may be a polygon (e.g., a hexagon, an octagon, etc.) or another shape.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram for explaining an example configuration of an imaging device according to variant example 5.
- the separation region 80 may have a shape including five or more straight lines in a plan view.
- the separation region 80 may have a polygonal shape having, for example, a pentagon or more sides.
- the imaging device 1 may have a configuration in which a plurality of pixel units (pixel blocks) each including a plurality of pixels P share at least a portion of the isolation region 80.
- a pixel unit including four pixels P may have one readout circuit 20, and an isolation region 80 including a portion shared between the plurality of pixel units may be provided.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram for explaining an example configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 6.
- FIG. 32 illustrates a pixel unit PUa including adjacent pixels Pa1 to Pa4, and a pixel unit PUb including adjacent pixels Pb1 to Pb4.
- the isolation region 80a is provided to surround the amplification transistor AMP of the readout circuit 20 of the pixel unit PUa (i.e., the readout circuit 20 shared by pixels Pa1 to Pa4).
- the isolation region 80b is provided to surround the amplification transistor AMP of the readout circuit 20 of the pixel unit PUb (i.e., the readout circuit 20 shared by pixels Pb1 to Pb4).
- the isolation region 80a and the isolation region 80b can be configured to have a portion shared between the pixel unit PUa and the pixel unit PUb. In the case of this modified example, the same effect as that of the imaging device of the above embodiment can be obtained.
- Fig. 33 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification Example 7.
- the well 25 may be formed to have a shape including a concave portion (or a convex portion).
- an isolation region 80 including a portion shared between a plurality of pixels P (or a plurality of pixel units) adjacent to each other in the gate length direction of the amplification transistor AMP may be provided.
- (4-8. Modification 8) 34 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 8.
- the separation region 80 may be provided so as to surround a plurality of amplification transistors AMP (two amplification transistors AMP in FIG. 34).
- the separation region 80 may be disposed so as to surround the two amplification transistors AMP of the readout circuit 20.
- the through electrode 50 may be provided in the well 25.
- the through electrode 50 is provided in a region of the well 25 surrounded by the isolation region 80. In the case of this modification, it is possible to improve the conversion efficiency.
- the width W1 of the insulating film provided around the through electrode 50, i.e., the insulating layer 70 may be, for example, approximately the same as the width W2 of the isolation region 80.
- the imaging device 1 may be configured, for example, so that the width W1 of the insulating layer 70 (i.e., the insulating film) is equal to the width W2 of the isolation region 80.
- the width W1 of the insulating layer 70 may be more than twice the width W2 of the isolation region 80.
- the insulating layer 70 may be configured to have a dielectric constant lower than the dielectric constant of the material that constitutes the isolation region 80.
- the insulating layer 70 may be configured, for example, using a material that has a dielectric constant lower than the dielectric constant of the material that is filled into the trenches of the isolation region 80.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining another example configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 9.
- the imaging device 1 may be configured to have a portion shared between the insulating layer 70 and the isolation region 80.
- the insulating layer 70 may be configured using the same material as the isolation region 80 (e.g., a silicon oxide film).
- FIG. 39 and 40 are diagrams for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 10.
- the through electrode 50 may be provided in a region outside the well 25, for example, in the well 26. This makes it possible to reduce noise mixed into the pixel signal, as compared to the case of Fig. 35, for example.
- Fig. 41 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of an imaging device according to Modification 11.
- Well 25 may have a convex structural portion in a plan view.
- a central region of well 25 may be configured to have a convex structure (convex portion).
- FIG. 42 is a diagram for explaining another example configuration of an imaging device according to Modification 11.
- the shape and arrangement of the semiconductor region 35 as a well contact region can be changed as appropriate.
- the semiconductor region 35 may be arranged adjacent to the amplifier transistor AMP in the gate width direction of the amplifier transistor AMP.
- the imaging device 1 and the like can be applied to any type of electronic device equipped with an imaging function, for example, a camera system such as a digital still camera or a video camera, a mobile phone with an imaging function, etc.
- Fig. 43 shows a schematic configuration of an electronic device 1000.
- the electronic device 1000 includes, for example, a lens group 1001, an imaging device 1, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) circuit 1002, a frame memory 1003, a display unit 1004, a recording unit 1005, an operation unit 1006, and a power supply unit 1007, which are interconnected via a bus line 1008.
- a lens group 1001 an imaging device 1
- a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) circuit 1002 a frame memory 1003, a display unit 1004, a recording unit 1005, an operation unit 1006, and a power supply unit 1007, which are interconnected via a bus line 1008.
- DSP Digital Signal Processor
- the lens group 1001 captures incident light (image light) from a subject and forms an image on the imaging surface of the imaging device 1.
- the imaging device 1 converts the amount of incident light formed on the imaging surface by the lens group 1001 into an electrical signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis and supplies the signal as a pixel signal to the DSP circuit 1002.
- the DSP circuit 1002 is a signal processing circuit that processes the signal supplied from the imaging device 1.
- the DSP circuit 1002 outputs image data obtained by processing the signal from the imaging device 1.
- the frame memory 1003 temporarily holds the image data processed by the DSP circuit 1002 on a frame-by-frame basis.
- the display unit 1004 is, for example, a panel-type display device such as a liquid crystal panel or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) panel, and records image data of moving images or still images captured by the imaging device 1 on a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk.
- a panel-type display device such as a liquid crystal panel or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) panel
- a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk.
- the operation unit 1006 outputs operation signals for various functions of the electronic device 1000 in accordance with operations by the user.
- the power supply unit 1007 appropriately supplies various types of power to the DSP circuit 1002, frame memory 1003, display unit 1004, recording unit 1005, and operation unit 1006 to these devices.
- the technology according to the present disclosure (the present technology) can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure may be realized as a device mounted on any type of moving body such as an automobile, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a bicycle, a personal mobility device, an airplane, a drone, a ship, or a robot.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration example of a vehicle control system, which is an example of a mobile object control system to which the technology disclosed herein can be applied.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a plurality of electronic control units connected via a communication network 12001.
- the vehicle control system 12000 includes a drive system control unit 12010, a body system control unit 12020, an outside vehicle information detection unit 12030, an inside vehicle information detection unit 12040, and an integrated control unit 12050.
- Also shown as functional components of the integrated control unit 12050 are a microcomputer 12051, an audio/video output unit 12052, and an in-vehicle network I/F (interface) 12053.
- the drive system control unit 12010 controls the operation of devices related to the drive system of the vehicle according to various programs.
- the drive system control unit 12010 functions as a control device for a drive force generating device for generating the drive force of the vehicle, such as an internal combustion engine or a drive motor, a drive force transmission mechanism for transmitting the drive force to the wheels, a steering mechanism for adjusting the steering angle of the vehicle, and a braking device for generating a braking force for the vehicle.
- the body system control unit 12020 controls the operation of various devices installed in the vehicle body according to various programs.
- the body system control unit 12020 functions as a control device for a keyless entry system, a smart key system, a power window device, or various lamps such as headlamps, tail lamps, brake lamps, turn signals, and fog lamps.
- radio waves or signals from various switches transmitted from a portable device that replaces a key can be input to the body system control unit 12020.
- the body system control unit 12020 accepts the input of these radio waves or signals and controls the vehicle's door lock device, power window device, lamps, etc.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 detects information outside the vehicle equipped with the vehicle control system 12000.
- the image capturing unit 12031 is connected to the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 causes the image capturing unit 12031 to capture images outside the vehicle and receives the captured images.
- the outside-vehicle information detection unit 12030 may perform object detection processing or distance detection processing for people, cars, obstacles, signs, characters on the road surface, etc. based on the received images.
- the imaging unit 12031 is an optical sensor that receives light and outputs an electrical signal according to the amount of light received.
- the imaging unit 12031 can output the electrical signal as an image, or as distance measurement information.
- the light received by the imaging unit 12031 may be visible light, or may be invisible light such as infrared light.
- the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 detects information inside the vehicle.
- a driver state detection unit 12041 that detects the state of the driver is connected.
- the driver state detection unit 12041 includes, for example, a camera that captures an image of the driver, and the in-vehicle information detection unit 12040 may calculate the driver's degree of fatigue or concentration based on the detection information input from the driver state detection unit 12041, or may determine whether the driver is dozing off.
- the microcomputer 12051 can calculate the control target values of the driving force generating device, steering mechanism, or braking device based on the information inside and outside the vehicle acquired by the outside vehicle information detection unit 12030 or the inside vehicle information detection unit 12040, and output a control command to the drive system control unit 12010.
- the microcomputer 12051 can perform cooperative control aimed at realizing the functions of an ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance System), including avoiding or mitigating vehicle collisions, following based on the distance between vehicles, maintaining vehicle speed, vehicle collision warning, or vehicle lane departure warning.
- ADAS Advanced Driver Assistance System
- the microcomputer 12051 can also perform cooperative control for the purpose of autonomous driving, which allows the vehicle to travel autonomously without relying on the driver's operation, by controlling the driving force generating device, steering mechanism, braking device, etc. based on information about the surroundings of the vehicle acquired by the outside vehicle information detection unit 12030 or the inside vehicle information detection unit 12040.
- the microcomputer 12051 can also output control commands to the body system control unit 12020 based on information outside the vehicle acquired by the outside information detection unit 12030. For example, the microcomputer 12051 can control the headlamps according to the position of a preceding vehicle or an oncoming vehicle detected by the outside information detection unit 12030, and perform cooperative control aimed at preventing glare, such as switching from high beams to low beams.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 transmits at least one output signal of audio and image to an output device capable of visually or audibly notifying the occupants of the vehicle or the outside of the vehicle of information.
- an audio speaker 12061, a display unit 12062, and an instrument panel 12063 are exemplified as output devices.
- the display unit 12062 may include, for example, at least one of an on-board display and a head-up display.
- FIG. 45 shows an example of the installation position of the imaging unit 12031.
- the vehicle 12100 has imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 as the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging units 12101, 12102, 12103, 12104, and 12105 are provided, for example, at the front nose, side mirrors, rear bumper, back door, and the top of the windshield inside the vehicle cabin of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging unit 12101 provided at the front nose and the imaging unit 12105 provided at the top of the windshield inside the vehicle cabin mainly acquire images of the front of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided at the side mirrors mainly acquire images of the sides of the vehicle 12100.
- the imaging unit 12104 provided at the rear bumper or back door mainly acquires images of the rear of the vehicle 12100.
- the images of the front acquired by the imaging units 12101 and 12105 are mainly used to detect preceding vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, traffic lights, traffic signs, lanes, etc.
- FIG. 45 shows an example of the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- Imaging range 12111 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12101 provided on the front nose
- imaging ranges 12112 and 12113 indicate the imaging ranges of the imaging units 12102 and 12103 provided on the side mirrors, respectively
- imaging range 12114 indicates the imaging range of the imaging unit 12104 provided on the rear bumper or back door.
- an overhead image of the vehicle 12100 viewed from above is obtained by superimposing the image data captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may have a function of acquiring distance information.
- at least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be a stereo camera consisting of multiple imaging elements, or an imaging element having pixels for phase difference detection.
- the microcomputer 12051 can obtain the distance to each solid object within the imaging ranges 12111 to 12114 and the change in this distance over time (relative speed with respect to the vehicle 12100) based on the distance information obtained from the imaging units 12101 to 12104, and can extract as a preceding vehicle, in particular, the closest solid object on the path of the vehicle 12100 that is traveling in approximately the same direction as the vehicle 12100 at a predetermined speed (e.g., 0 km/h or faster). Furthermore, the microcomputer 12051 can set the inter-vehicle distance that should be maintained in advance in front of the preceding vehicle, and perform automatic braking control (including follow-up stop control) and automatic acceleration control (including follow-up start control). In this way, cooperative control can be performed for the purpose of automatic driving, which runs autonomously without relying on the driver's operation.
- automatic braking control including follow-up stop control
- automatic acceleration control including follow-up start control
- the microcomputer 12051 classifies and extracts three-dimensional object data on three-dimensional objects, such as two-wheeled vehicles, ordinary vehicles, large vehicles, pedestrians, utility poles, and other three-dimensional objects, based on the distance information obtained from the imaging units 12101 to 12104, and can use the data to automatically avoid obstacles.
- the microcomputer 12051 distinguishes obstacles around the vehicle 12100 into obstacles that are visible to the driver of the vehicle 12100 and obstacles that are difficult to see.
- the microcomputer 12051 determines the collision risk, which indicates the risk of collision with each obstacle, and when the collision risk is equal to or exceeds a set value and there is a possibility of a collision, it can provide driving assistance for collision avoidance by outputting an alarm to the driver via the audio speaker 12061 or the display unit 12062, or by performing forced deceleration or avoidance steering via the drive system control unit 12010.
- At least one of the imaging units 12101 to 12104 may be an infrared camera that detects infrared rays.
- the microcomputer 12051 can recognize a pedestrian by determining whether or not a pedestrian is present in the image captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104. The recognition of such a pedestrian is performed, for example, by a procedure of extracting feature points in the image captured by the imaging units 12101 to 12104 as infrared cameras, and a procedure of performing pattern matching processing on a series of feature points that indicate the contour of an object to determine whether or not it is a pedestrian.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 controls the display unit 12062 to superimpose a rectangular contour line for emphasis on the recognized pedestrian.
- the audio/image output unit 12052 may also control the display unit 12062 to display an icon or the like indicating a pedestrian at a desired position.
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to, for example, the imaging unit 12031.
- the imaging device 1 or the like can be applied to the imaging unit 12031.
- the technology according to the present disclosure (Application example to endoscopic surgery system)
- the technology according to the present disclosure can be applied to various products.
- the technology according to the present disclosure may be applied to an endoscopic surgery system.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing an example of the general configuration of an endoscopic surgery system to which the technology disclosed herein (the present technology) can be applied.
- an operator (doctor) 11131 is shown using an endoscopic surgery system 11000 to perform surgery on a patient 11132 on a patient bed 11133.
- the endoscopic surgery system 11000 is composed of an endoscope 11100, other surgical tools 11110 such as an insufflation tube 11111 and an energy treatment tool 11112, a support arm device 11120 that supports the endoscope 11100, and a cart 11200 on which various devices for endoscopic surgery are mounted.
- the endoscope 11100 is composed of a lens barrel 11101, the tip of which is inserted into the body cavity of the patient 11132 at a predetermined length, and a camera head 11102 connected to the base end of the lens barrel 11101.
- the endoscope 11100 is configured as a so-called rigid scope having a rigid lens barrel 11101, but the endoscope 11100 may also be configured as a so-called flexible scope having a flexible lens barrel.
- the tip of the tube 11101 has an opening into which an objective lens is fitted.
- a light source device 11203 is connected to the endoscope 11100, and light generated by the light source device 11203 is guided to the tip of the tube by a light guide extending inside the tube 11101, and is irradiated via the objective lens towards an object to be observed inside the body cavity of the patient 11132.
- the endoscope 11100 may be a direct-viewing endoscope, an oblique-viewing endoscope, or a side-viewing endoscope.
- An optical system and an image sensor are provided inside the camera head 11102, and the reflected light (observation light) from the object of observation is focused on the image sensor by the optical system.
- the image sensor converts the observation light photoelectrically to generate an electrical signal corresponding to the observation light, i.e., an image signal corresponding to the observed image.
- the image signal is sent to the camera control unit (CCU: Camera Control Unit) 11201 as RAW data.
- CCU Camera Control Unit
- the CCU 11201 is composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), etc., and controls the overall operation of the endoscope 11100 and the display device 11202. Furthermore, the CCU 11201 receives an image signal from the camera head 11102, and performs various image processing on the image signal, such as development processing (demosaic processing), in order to display an image based on the image signal.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- the display device 11202 under the control of the CCU 11201, displays an image based on the image signal that has been subjected to image processing by the CCU 11201.
- the light source device 11203 is composed of a light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and supplies irradiation light to the endoscope 11100 when photographing the surgical site, etc.
- a light source such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) and supplies irradiation light to the endoscope 11100 when photographing the surgical site, etc.
- the input device 11204 is an input interface for the endoscopic surgery system 11000.
- a user can input various information and instructions to the endoscopic surgery system 11000 via the input device 11204.
- the user inputs an instruction to change the imaging conditions (type of irradiation light, magnification, focal length, etc.) of the endoscope 11100.
- the treatment tool control device 11205 controls the operation of the energy treatment tool 11112 for cauterizing tissue, incising, sealing blood vessels, etc.
- the insufflation device 11206 sends gas into the body cavity of the patient 11132 via the insufflation tube 11111 to inflate the body cavity in order to ensure a clear field of view for the endoscope 11100 and to ensure a working space for the surgeon.
- the recorder 11207 is a device capable of recording various types of information related to the surgery.
- the printer 11208 is a device capable of printing various types of information related to the surgery in various formats such as text, images, or graphs.
- the light source device 11203 that supplies irradiation light to the endoscope 11100 when photographing the surgical site can be composed of a white light source composed of, for example, an LED, a laser light source, or a combination of these.
- a white light source composed of, for example, an LED, a laser light source, or a combination of these.
- the white light source is composed of a combination of RGB laser light sources, the output intensity and output timing of each color (each wavelength) can be controlled with high precision, so that the white balance of the captured image can be adjusted in the light source device 11203.
- the light source device 11203 may be controlled to change the intensity of the light it outputs at predetermined time intervals.
- the image sensor of the camera head 11102 may be controlled to acquire images in a time-division manner in synchronization with the timing of the change in the light intensity, and the images may be synthesized to generate an image with a high dynamic range that is free of so-called blackout and whiteout.
- the light source device 11203 may be configured to supply light of a predetermined wavelength band corresponding to special light observation.
- special light observation for example, by utilizing the wavelength dependency of light absorption in body tissue, a narrow band of light is irradiated compared to the light irradiated during normal observation (i.e., white light), and a specific tissue such as blood vessels on the surface of the mucosa is photographed with high contrast, so-called narrow band imaging is performed.
- fluorescent observation may be performed in which an image is obtained by fluorescence generated by irradiating excitation light.
- excitation light is irradiated to the body tissue and the fluorescence from the body tissue is observed (autofluorescence observation), or a reagent such as indocyanine green (ICG) is locally injected into the body tissue and excitation light corresponding to the fluorescent wavelength of the reagent is irradiated to the body tissue to obtain a fluorescent image.
- the light source device 11203 may be configured to supply narrow band light and/or excitation light corresponding to such special light observation.
- FIG. 47 is a block diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the camera head 11102 and CCU 11201 shown in FIG. 46.
- the camera head 11102 has a lens unit 11401, an imaging unit 11402, a drive unit 11403, a communication unit 11404, and a camera head control unit 11405.
- the CCU 11201 has a communication unit 11411, an image processing unit 11412, and a control unit 11413.
- the camera head 11102 and the CCU 11201 are connected to each other via a transmission cable 11400 so that they can communicate with each other.
- the lens unit 11401 is an optical system provided at the connection with the lens barrel 11101. Observation light taken in from the tip of the lens barrel 11101 is guided to the camera head 11102 and enters the lens unit 11401.
- the lens unit 11401 is composed of a combination of multiple lenses including a zoom lens and a focus lens.
- the imaging unit 11402 is composed of an imaging element.
- the imaging element constituting the imaging unit 11402 may be one (so-called single-plate type) or multiple (so-called multi-plate type).
- each imaging element may generate an image signal corresponding to each of RGB, and a color image may be obtained by combining these.
- the imaging unit 11402 may be configured to have a pair of imaging elements for acquiring image signals for the right eye and the left eye corresponding to 3D (dimensional) display. By performing 3D display, the surgeon 11131 can more accurately grasp the depth of the biological tissue in the surgical site.
- 3D dimensional
- the imaging unit 11402 does not necessarily have to be provided in the camera head 11102.
- the imaging unit 11402 may be provided inside the lens barrel 11101, immediately after the objective lens.
- the driving unit 11403 is composed of an actuator, and moves the zoom lens and focus lens of the lens unit 11401 a predetermined distance along the optical axis under the control of the camera head control unit 11405. This allows the magnification and focus of the image captured by the imaging unit 11402 to be adjusted appropriately.
- the communication unit 11404 is configured with a communication device for transmitting and receiving various information to and from the CCU 11201.
- the communication unit 11404 transmits the image signal obtained from the imaging unit 11402 as RAW data to the CCU 11201 via the transmission cable 11400.
- the communication unit 11404 also receives control signals for controlling the operation of the camera head 11102 from the CCU 11201, and supplies them to the camera head control unit 11405.
- the control signals include information on the imaging conditions, such as information specifying the frame rate of the captured image, information specifying the exposure value during imaging, and/or information specifying the magnification and focus of the captured image.
- the above-mentioned frame rate, exposure value, magnification, focus, and other imaging conditions may be appropriately specified by the user, or may be automatically set by the control unit 11413 of the CCU 11201 based on the acquired image signal.
- the endoscope 11100 is equipped with so-called AE (Auto Exposure) function, AF (Auto Focus) function, and AWB (Auto White Balance) function.
- the camera head control unit 11405 controls the operation of the camera head 11102 based on a control signal from the CCU 11201 received via the communication unit 11404.
- the communication unit 11411 is configured with a communication device for transmitting and receiving various information to and from the camera head 11102.
- the communication unit 11411 receives an image signal transmitted from the camera head 11102 via the transmission cable 11400.
- the communication unit 11411 also transmits to the camera head 11102 a control signal for controlling the operation of the camera head 11102.
- the image signal and the control signal can be transmitted by electrical communication, optical communication, etc.
- the image processing unit 11412 performs various image processing operations on the image signal, which is the RAW data transmitted from the camera head 11102.
- the control unit 11413 performs various controls related to the imaging of the surgical site, etc. by the endoscope 11100, and the display of the captured images obtained by imaging the surgical site, etc. For example, the control unit 11413 generates a control signal for controlling the driving of the camera head 11102.
- the control unit 11413 also causes the display device 11202 to display the captured image showing the surgical site, etc., based on the image signal that has been image-processed by the image processing unit 11412. At this time, the control unit 11413 may recognize various objects in the captured image using various image recognition techniques. For example, the control unit 11413 can recognize surgical tools such as forceps, specific body parts, bleeding, mist generated when the energy treatment tool 11112 is used, etc., by detecting the shape and color of the edges of objects included in the captured image. When the control unit 11413 causes the display device 11202 to display the captured image, it may use the recognition result to superimpose various types of surgical support information on the image of the surgical site. By superimposing the surgical support information and presenting it to the surgeon 11131, the burden on the surgeon 11131 can be reduced and the surgeon 11131 can proceed with the surgery reliably.
- various image recognition techniques such as forceps, specific body parts, bleeding, mist generated when the energy treatment tool 11112 is used, etc.
- the transmission cable 11400 that connects the camera head 11102 and the CCU 11201 is an electrical signal cable that supports electrical signal communication, an optical fiber that supports optical communication, or a composite cable of these.
- communication is performed wired using a transmission cable 11400, but communication between the camera head 11102 and the CCU 11201 may also be performed wirelessly.
- the technology of the present disclosure can be suitably applied to, for example, the imaging unit 11402 provided in the camera head 11102 of the endoscope 11100.
- the technology of the present disclosure it is possible to provide a high-definition endoscope 11100.
- an imaging device has been described as an example, but the light detection device disclosed herein may be, for example, a device that receives incident light and converts the light into an electric charge.
- the output signal may be a signal of image information or a signal of distance measurement information.
- the light detection device imaging device
- the light detection device may be applied to an image sensor, a distance measurement sensor, etc.
- the optical detection device disclosed herein may also be applied as a distance measurement sensor capable of measuring distance using the Time Of Flight (TOF) method.
- the optical detection device (imaging device) may also be applied as a sensor capable of detecting events, for example, an event-driven sensor (called an Event Vision Sensor (EVS), Event Driven Sensor (EDS), Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS), etc.).
- EVS Event Vision Sensor
- EDS Event Driven Sensor
- DVS Dynamic Vision Sensor
- the photodetector of one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, a second substrate having a plurality of readout circuits stacked on the first substrate and capable of outputting a first signal based on electric charges converted by the photoelectric conversion elements, a through electrode provided for each readout circuit or for each of a plurality of readout circuits on the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal, and a first insulating layer provided so as to penetrate the second substrate around the through electrode.
- the photodetector of one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements, a second substrate having a plurality of readout circuits each including an amplification transistor capable of generating a first signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element, and is stacked on the first substrate, a through electrode provided for each readout circuit or for each of a plurality of readout circuits on the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal, and an insulating layer provided to surround the amplification transistor on the second substrate. This makes it possible to realize a photodetector capable of suppressing degradation of signal quality.
- the present disclosure may have the following configurations. (1) a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric signal; a second substrate laminated on the first substrate and having a plurality of readout circuits capable of outputting a first signal based on the electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element; a through electrode provided for each of the readout circuits or for each of a plurality of the readout circuits in the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal; a first insulating layer provided around the through electrode so as to penetrate the second substrate.
- the read circuit has a selection transistor capable of outputting the first signal; The photodetector according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the through electrode is electrically connected to the selection transistor.
- the read circuit includes an amplifier transistor capable of generating the first signal; The photodetector according to any one of (1) to (8), wherein the first insulating layer is provided on the second substrate so as to surround the amplification transistor.
- a second well of a first conductivity type is provided in the second substrate, the read circuit has a selection transistor capable of outputting the first signal;
- the read circuit includes an amplifier transistor capable of generating the first signal;
- a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric signal
- a second substrate laminated on the first substrate and including a plurality of amplifying transistors capable of generating a first signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element
- a first pixel and a second pixel each including the photoelectric conversion element and the amplification transistor
- a first isolation region provided in the second substrate so as to surround the amplification transistor of the first pixel
- a second isolation region having at least a part of the first isolation region and provided in the second substrate so as to surround the amplification transistor of the second pixel.
- the photodetector according to any one of (19) to (26), wherein the first separation region and the second separation region each have a shape including five or more straight lines, a circular shape, or an elliptical shape.
- An optical system a light detection device that receives light transmitted through the optical system;
- the light detection device includes: a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric signal; a second substrate laminated on the first substrate and having a plurality of readout circuits capable of outputting a first signal based on the electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element; a through electrode provided for each of the readout circuits or for each of a plurality of the readout circuits in the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal; a first insulating layer provided around the through electrode so as to penetrate the second substrate.
- An optical system a light detection device that receives light transmitted through the optical system;
- the light detection device includes: a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric signal; a second substrate including a plurality of readout circuits each including an amplification transistor capable of generating a first signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element, the second substrate being laminated on the first substrate; a through electrode provided for each of the readout circuits or for each of a plurality of the readout circuits in the second substrate and capable of transmitting the first signal; an insulating layer provided on the second substrate so as to surround the amplifying transistor.
- An optical system a light detection device that receives light transmitted through the optical system;
- the light detection device includes: a first substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements that convert light into an electric signal; a second substrate laminated on the first substrate and including a plurality of amplifying transistors capable of generating a first signal based on the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion element; a first pixel and a second pixel each including the photoelectric conversion element and the amplification transistor; a first isolation region provided in the second substrate so as to surround the amplification transistor of the first pixel; a second isolation region having at least a part of the first isolation region and provided on the second substrate so as to surround the amplification transistor of the second pixel.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の一実施形態の光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路を有し、第1基板と積層される第2基板と、第2基板において読み出し回路毎または複数の読み出し回路毎に設けられ、第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、第2基板において増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層とを備える。
本開示の一実施形態の光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、第1基板と積層され、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な複数の増幅トランジスタを有する第2基板と、光電変換素子と増幅トランジスタとをそれぞれ含む第1画素及び第2画素と、第2基板において第1画素の増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第1分離領域と、第1分離領域の少なくとも一部を有し、第2基板において第2画素の増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第2分離領域とを備える。
本開示の一実施形態の電子機器は、光学系と、光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置とを備える。光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、第1基板と積層され、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を出力可能な複数の読み出し回路を有する第2基板と、第2基板において読み出し回路毎または複数の読み出し回路毎に設けられ、第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、貫通電極の周囲において第2基板を貫通するように設けられる第1絶縁層とを有する。
本開示の一実施形態の電子機器は、光学系と、光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置とを備える。光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路を有し、第1基板と積層される第2基板と、第2基板において読み出し回路毎または複数の読み出し回路毎に設けられ、第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、第2基板において増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層とを有する。
1.第1の実施の形態
2.第2の実施の形態
3.第3の実施の形態
4.変形例
5.適用例
6.応用例
図1は、本開示の第1の実施の形態に係る光検出装置の一例である撮像装置の概略構成の一例を示すブロック図である。図2は、第1の実施の形態に係る撮像装置の画素部の一例を示す図である。光検出装置は、入射する光を検出可能な装置である。光検出装置である撮像装置1は、光電変換部(光電変換素子)を有する複数の画素Pを有し、入射した光を光電変換して信号を生成するように構成される。撮像装置1(光検出装置)は、光学レンズを含む光学系(不図示)を透過した光を受光して信号を生成し得る。
本実施の形態に係る光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子(光電変換部12)を有する第1基板(第1基板101)と、第1基板と積層され、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を出力可能な複数の読み出し回路(読み出し回路20)を有する第2基板(第2基板102)と、第2基板において読み出し回路毎または複数の読み出し回路毎に設けられ、第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極(貫通電極50)と、貫通電極の周囲において第2基板を貫通するように設けられる第1絶縁層(絶縁層70)とを備える。
次に、本開示の第2の実施の形態について説明する。以下では、上述した実施の形態と同様の構成部分については同一の符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。
本実施の形態に係る光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子(光電変換部12)を有する第1基板(第1基板101)と、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路(読み出し回路20)を有し、第1基板と積層される第2基板(第2基板102)と、第2基板において読み出し回路毎または複数の読み出し回路毎に設けられ、第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極(貫通電極50)と、第2基板において増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層(絶縁層70)とを備える。
次に、本開示の第3の実施の形態について説明する。以下では、上述した実施の形態と同様の構成部分については同一の符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。
本実施の形態に係る光検出装置は、光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子(光電変換部12)を有する第1基板(第1基板101)と、第1基板と積層され、光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な複数の増幅トランジスタを有する第2基板(第2基板102)と、光電変換素子と増幅トランジスタとをそれぞれ含む第1画素及び第2画素(例えば画素Pa1,Pa2)と、第2基板において第1画素の増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第1分離領域(分離領域80a)と、第1分離領域の少なくとも一部を有し、第2基板において第2画素の増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第2分離領域(分離領域80b)とを備える。
(4-1.変形例1)
上述した実施の形態では、撮像装置1の構成例について説明したが、あくまでも一例であって、撮像装置1の構成は、上述した例に限られない。図21は、本開示の変形例1に係る撮像装置の断面構成の一例を説明するための図である。また、図22は、変形例1に係る撮像装置の平面構成の一例を説明するための図である。
図24は、変形例2に係る撮像装置の断面構成の一例を説明するための図である。また、図25は、変形例2に係る撮像装置の平面構成の一例を説明するための図である。貫通電極50の周囲に設けられる絶縁層70(図24及び図25では絶縁層70a)は、第2基板102の一部を挟んで、貫通電極50の周囲に設けられてもよい。
図26は、変形例3に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。撮像装置1を、貫通電極50の周囲に設けられる絶縁層70aと、ウェル間に設けられる絶縁層70bの一方のみを有する構成としてもよい。例えば、図26に示す例のように、絶縁層70bのみを配置し、絶縁層70aを配置しなくてもよい。また、例えば、絶縁層70aのみを配置し、絶縁層70bを配置しないようにしてもよい。
上述した実施の形態では、分離領域80を有する撮像装置1の構成例について説明したが、あくまでも一例であって、撮像装置1の構成は、上述した例に限られない。図27は、変形例4に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。撮像装置1は、図27に示す例のように、水平方向(行方向)または垂直方向(列方向)に隣り合う2つの画素P毎に、画素P間で共有される部分を含む分離領域80を有していてもよい。
撮像装置1の分離領域80の形状は、図示した例に限られず、適宜変更可能である。分離領域80の平面視における形状は、四角形状であってもよく、円形状または楕円形状であってもよい。分離領域80の形状は、多角形(例えば六角形、八角形等)、又はその他の形状であってもよい。
撮像装置1は、複数の画素Pをそれぞれ含む複数の画素ユニット(画素ブロック)が、分離領域80の少なくとも一部を共有する構成を有していてもよい。例えば、4つの画素Pを含む画素ユニットが1つの読み出し回路20を有し、複数の画素ユニット間で共有する部分を含む分離領域80が設けられてもよい。
図33は、変形例7に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。図33に示す例のように、ウェル25は、凹部(又は凸部)を含む形状を有するように形成されてもよい。撮像装置1では、増幅トランジスタAMPのゲート長方向に隣り合う複数の画素P(又は複数の画素ユニット)間で共有する部分を含む分離領域80が設けられてもよい。図33に示す例のように撮像装置1を構成することにより、画素P(又は画素ユニット)における面積効率を向上させることが可能となる。
図34は、変形例8に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。分離領域80は、複数の増幅トランジスタAMP(図34では、2つの増幅トランジスタAMP)を囲むように設けられてもよい。例えば、読み出し回路20が互いに電気的に並列に接続された2つの増幅トランジスタAMPを有する場合、分離領域80は、読み出し回路20の2つの増幅トランジスタAMPを囲むように配置されてもよい。
図35~37は、変形例9に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。撮像装置1では、貫通電極50をウェル25に設けてもよい。図35等に示す例では、貫通電極50は、分離領域80により囲まれたウェル25の領域内に設けられる。本変形例の場合、変換効率を向上させることが可能となる。
図39及び図40は、変形例10に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。図39又は図40に示す例のように、貫通電極50を、ウェル25の外側の領域、例えばウェル26に設けるようにしてもよい。これにより、例えば図35の場合と比較して、画素信号に混入するノイズを低減させることが可能となる。
図41は、変形例11に係る撮像装置の構成例を説明するための図である。ウェル25は、平面視において、凸状の構造部分を有していてもよい。図41に示す例のように、ウェル25の中央の領域が、凸構造(凸部)を有するように構成されてもよい。
上記撮像装置1等は、例えば、デジタルスチルカメラやビデオカメラ等のカメラシステムや、撮像機能を有する携帯電話等、撮像機能を備えたあらゆるタイプの電子機器に適用することができる。図43は、電子機器1000の概略構成を表したものである。
(移動体への応用例)
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、自動車、電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車、自動二輪車、自転車、パーソナルモビリティ、飛行機、ドローン、船舶、ロボット等のいずれかの種類の移動体に搭載される装置として実現されてもよい。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、様々な製品へ応用することができる。例えば、本開示に係る技術は、内視鏡手術システムに適用されてもよい。
(1)
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を出力可能な複数の読み出し回路を有する第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記貫通電極の周囲において前記第2基板を貫通するように設けられる第1絶縁層と
を備える光検出装置。
(2)
前記第1基板と前記第2基板とは、前記第1基板の素子が形成される第1面と前記第2基板の素子が形成される第2面とが対向するように積層されている
前記(1)に記載の光検出装置。
(3)
前記第2基板の前記第2面とは反対の第3面側に設けられる配線層をさらに備え、
前記配線層は、前記第2基板を貫通する前記貫通電極と電気的に接続される配線を含む
前記(2)に記載の光検出装置。
(4)
信号処理を行うことが可能な信号処理部を有する第3基板をさらに備える
前記(2)または(3)に記載の光検出装置。
(5)
前記第2基板と前記第3基板とは、前記第2基板の前記第2面とは反対の第3面と、前記第3基板の素子が形成される第4面とが対向するように積層されている
前記(4)に記載の光検出装置。
(6)
前記第2基板と前記第3基板とは、前記貫通電極に接続される電極間の接合により積層されている
前記(4)または(5)に記載の光検出装置。
(7)
前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を出力可能な選択トランジスタを有し、
前記貫通電極は、前記選択トランジスタと電気的に接続されている
前記(1)から(6)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(8)
前記第1絶縁層は、前記選択トランジスタと前記貫通電極との間に設けられている
前記(7)に記載の光検出装置。
(9)
前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタを有し、
前記第1絶縁層は、前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられている
前記(1)から(8)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(10)
前記増幅トランジスタのバックゲートは、前記増幅トランジスタのソースと電気的に接続されている
前記(9)に記載の光検出装置。
(11)
前記第2基板に設けられる第1導電型の第1ウェルと、
前記第1ウェルに設けられる前記第1導電型の第1半導体領域と
をさらに備え、
前記増幅トランジスタは、前記第1ウェルに設けられる第2導電型のソース領域を有し、
前記第1半導体領域は、前記ソース領域と電気的に接続されている
前記(9)または(10)に記載の光検出装置。
(12)
前記第1絶縁層は、前記第2基板において前記第1ウェルを囲むように設けられている
前記(11)に記載の光検出装置。
(13)
前記第2基板に設けられる第1導電型の第2ウェルをさらに備え、
前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を出力可能な選択トランジスタを有し、
前記選択トランジスタのソース領域及びドレイン領域は、前記第2ウェルに設けられている
前記(11)または(12)に記載の光検出装置。
(14)
前記第1絶縁層とは異なる第2絶縁層をさらに備え、
前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタを有し、
前記第2絶縁層は、前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられている
前記(1)から(13)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(15)
前記第1絶縁層は、前記第2絶縁層の外側に設けられている
前記(14)に記載の光検出装置。
(16)
前記第2絶縁層は、前記増幅トランジスタの周囲において前記第2基板を貫通するように設けられている
前記(14)または(15)に記載の光検出装置。
(17)
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路を有し、前記第1基板と積層される第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層と
を備える光検出装置。
(18)
前記第2基板に設けられる第1導電型の第1ウェルと、
前記第1ウェルに設けられる前記第1導電型の第1半導体領域と
をさらに備え、
前記増幅トランジスタは、前記第1ウェルに設けられる第2導電型のソース領域を有し、
前記第1半導体領域は、前記ソース領域と電気的に接続されている
前記(17)に記載の光検出装置。
(19)
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な複数の増幅トランジスタを有する第2基板と、
前記光電変換素子と前記増幅トランジスタとをそれぞれ含む第1画素及び第2画素と、
前記第2基板において前記第1画素の前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第1分離領域と、
前記第1分離領域の少なくとも一部を有し、前記第2基板において前記第2画素の前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第2分離領域と
を備える光検出装置。
(20)
前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられるトレンチを有する
前記(19)に記載の光検出装置。
(21)
前記第1分離領域と前記第2分離領域とは、一体に設けられている
前記(19)または(20)に記載の光検出装置。
(22)
前記第1分離領域と前記第2分離領域とは、前記第1画素と前記第2画素との境界において連続するように設けられている
前記(19)から(21)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(23)
前記第2基板において前記第1分離領域に囲まれた第1導電型の第1ウェルと、
前記第1ウェルに設けられる前記第1導電型の第1半導体領域と
をさらに備え、
前記増幅トランジスタは、前記第1ウェルに設けられる第2導電型のソース領域を有し、
前記第1半導体領域は、前記ソース領域と電気的に接続されている
前記(19)から(22)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(24)
前記増幅トランジスタと前記第1信号を出力可能な選択トランジスタとを含み、前記第2基板に設けられる読み出し回路を備え、
前記選択トランジスタは、前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられた前記第1分離領域の外側に設けられている
前記(19)から(23)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(25)
前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、それぞれ、酸化シリコンを用いて構成され、四角形状を有する
前記(19)から(24)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(26)
前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、それぞれ、ポリシリコンまたは窒化シリコンを用いて構成されている
前記(19)から(25)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(27)
前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、それぞれ、5つ以上の直線を含む形状、円形状、または楕円形状を有する
前記(19)から(26)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(28)
信号処理を行うことが可能な信号処理部を有する第3基板をさらに備える
前記(19)から(27)のいずれか1つに記載の光検出装置。
(29)
光学系と、
前記光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置と
を備え、
前記光検出装置は、
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を出力可能な複数の読み出し回路を有する第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記貫通電極の周囲において前記第2基板を貫通するように設けられる第1絶縁層と
を有する
電子機器。
(30)
光学系と、
前記光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置と
を備え、
前記光検出装置は、
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路を有し、前記第1基板と積層される第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層と
を有する
電子機器。
(31)
光学系と、
前記光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置と
を備え、
前記光検出装置は、
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な複数の増幅トランジスタを有する第2基板と、
前記光電変換素子と前記増幅トランジスタとをそれぞれ含む第1画素及び第2画素と、
前記第2基板において前記第1画素の前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第1分離領域と、
前記第1分離領域の少なくとも一部を有し、前記第2基板において前記第2画素の前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第2分離領域と
を有する
電子機器。
Claims (30)
- 光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を出力可能な複数の読み出し回路を有する第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記貫通電極の周囲において前記第2基板を貫通するように設けられる第1絶縁層と
を備える光検出装置。 - 前記第1基板と前記第2基板とは、前記第1基板の素子が形成される第1面と前記第2基板の素子が形成される第2面とが対向するように積層されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板の前記第2面とは反対の第3面側に設けられる配線層をさらに備え、
前記配線層は、前記第2基板を貫通する前記貫通電極と電気的に接続される配線を含む
請求項2に記載の光検出装置。 - 信号処理を行うことが可能な信号処理部を有する第3基板をさらに備える
請求項2に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板と前記第3基板とは、前記第2基板の前記第2面とは反対の第3面と、前記第3基板の素子が形成される第4面とが対向するように積層されている
請求項4に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板と前記第3基板とは、前記貫通電極に接続される電極間の接合により積層されている
請求項4に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を出力可能な選択トランジスタを有し、
前記貫通電極は、前記選択トランジスタと電気的に接続されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁層は、前記選択トランジスタと前記貫通電極との間に設けられている
請求項7に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタを有し、
前記第1絶縁層は、前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記増幅トランジスタのバックゲートは、前記増幅トランジスタのソースと電気的に接続されている
請求項9に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板に設けられる第1導電型の第1ウェルと、
前記第1ウェルに設けられる前記第1導電型の第1半導体領域と
をさらに備え、
前記増幅トランジスタは、前記第1ウェルに設けられる第2導電型のソース領域を有し、
前記第1半導体領域は、前記ソース領域と電気的に接続されている
請求項9に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁層は、前記第2基板において前記第1ウェルを囲むように設けられている
請求項11に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板に設けられる第1導電型の第2ウェルをさらに備え、
前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を出力可能な選択トランジスタを有し、
前記選択トランジスタのソース領域及びドレイン領域は、前記第2ウェルに設けられている
請求項11に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁層とは異なる第2絶縁層をさらに備え、
前記読み出し回路は、前記第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタを有し、
前記第2絶縁層は、前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1絶縁層は、前記第2絶縁層の外側に設けられている
請求項14に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2絶縁層は、前記増幅トランジスタの周囲において前記第2基板を貫通するように設けられている
請求項14に記載の光検出装置。 - 光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路を有し、前記第1基板と積層される第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層と
を備える光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板に設けられる第1導電型の第1ウェルと、
前記第1ウェルに設けられる前記第1導電型の第1半導体領域と
をさらに備え、
前記増幅トランジスタは、前記第1ウェルに設けられる第2導電型のソース領域を有し、
前記第1半導体領域は、前記ソース領域と電気的に接続されている
請求項17に記載の光検出装置。 - 光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な複数の増幅トランジスタを有する第2基板と、
前記光電変換素子と前記増幅トランジスタとをそれぞれ含む第1画素及び第2画素と、
前記第2基板において前記第1画素の前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第1分離領域と、
前記第1分離領域の少なくとも一部を有し、前記第2基板において前記第2画素の前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる第2分離領域と
を備える光検出装置。 - 前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられるトレンチを有する
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1分離領域と前記第2分離領域とは、一体に設けられている
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1分離領域と前記第2分離領域とは、前記第1画素と前記第2画素との境界において連続するように設けられている
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2基板において前記第1分離領域に囲まれた第1導電型の第1ウェルと、
前記第1ウェルに設けられる前記第1導電型の第1半導体領域と
をさらに備え、
前記増幅トランジスタは、前記第1ウェルに設けられる第2導電型のソース領域を有し、
前記第1半導体領域は、前記ソース領域と電気的に接続されている
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記増幅トランジスタと前記第1信号を出力可能な選択トランジスタとを含み、前記第2基板に設けられる読み出し回路を備え、
前記選択トランジスタは、前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられた前記第1分離領域の外側に設けられている
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、それぞれ、酸化シリコンを用いて構成され、四角形状を有する
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、それぞれ、ポリシリコンまたは窒化シリコンを用いて構成されている
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第1分離領域及び前記第2分離領域は、それぞれ、5つ以上の直線を含む形状、円形状、または楕円形状を有する
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 信号処理を行うことが可能な信号処理部を有する第3基板をさらに備える
請求項19に記載の光検出装置。 - 光学系と、
前記光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置と
を備え、
前記光検出装置は、
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記第1基板と積層され、前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を出力可能な複数の読み出し回路を有する第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記貫通電極の周囲において前記第2基板を貫通するように設けられる第1絶縁層と
を有する
電子機器。 - 光学系と、
前記光学系を透過した光を受光する光検出装置と
を備え、
前記光検出装置は、
光を光電変換する複数の光電変換素子を有する第1基板と、
前記光電変換素子で変換された電荷に基づく第1信号を生成可能な増幅トランジスタをそれぞれ含む複数の読み出し回路を有し、前記第1基板と積層される第2基板と、
前記第2基板において前記読み出し回路毎または複数の前記読み出し回路毎に設けられ、前記第1信号を伝送可能な貫通電極と、
前記第2基板において前記増幅トランジスタを囲むように設けられる絶縁層と
を有する
電子機器。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020045122A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置およびその駆動方法、並びに電子機器 |
| WO2020170936A1 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| WO2020262629A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| WO2020262584A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2021086919A (ja) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光電変換装置、撮像システム、および移動体 |
| US20210210534A1 (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-08 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Vertical gate field effect transistor |
| WO2021256142A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-23 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| JP2023095803A (ja) | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-06 | セメス カンパニー,リミテッド | 基板処理装置及び基板処理方法 |
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| WO2020045122A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置およびその駆動方法、並びに電子機器 |
| WO2020170936A1 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| WO2020262629A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| WO2020262584A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2021086919A (ja) * | 2019-11-27 | 2021-06-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | 光電変換装置、撮像システム、および移動体 |
| US20210210534A1 (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-08 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Vertical gate field effect transistor |
| WO2021256142A1 (ja) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-23 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置 |
| JP2023095803A (ja) | 2021-12-24 | 2023-07-06 | セメス カンパニー,リミテッド | 基板処理装置及び基板処理方法 |
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