WO2024251843A1 - Elektrische energiequelle - Google Patents
Elektrische energiequelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024251843A1 WO2024251843A1 PCT/EP2024/065513 EP2024065513W WO2024251843A1 WO 2024251843 A1 WO2024251843 A1 WO 2024251843A1 EP 2024065513 W EP2024065513 W EP 2024065513W WO 2024251843 A1 WO2024251843 A1 WO 2024251843A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrical energy
- temperatures
- energy source
- reaction chamber
- heat accumulator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
- H01M6/5038—Heating or cooling of cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04276—Arrangements for managing the electrolyte stream, e.g. heat exchange
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical energy source
- the electrical energy source comprises two flow batteries
- first poles are electrically connected to each other and a respective useful potential can be tapped at the second poles
- reaction chambers each have a membrane which separates the respective reaction chamber into two fluid chambers
- the electrical energy source has two separate circuits for a respective electrolyte fluid
- circuits are closed circuits which connect one of the fluid spaces of the two reaction spaces with each other, so that the electrolyte liquids alternately flow through one of the fluid spaces of one reaction space and one of the fluid spaces of the other reaction space,
- the two circuits have heat exchangers on the inlet side of the reaction chambers, by means of which the electrolyte liquids are brought to a respective temperature
- Electrical energy sources are known in a wide variety of designs. Examples of such energy sources are generators, photocells, batteries, accumulators and others.
- a flow battery is known from the entry “Redox flow battery” in the German Wikipedia, accessed on April 27, 2023.
- a flow battery is an embodiment of an accumulator.
- the electrical energy is stored in chemical compounds, with the reactants being in dissolved form in a solvent. The electrical energy is therefore stored in electrolytes.
- the electrolytes are conducted in two separate circuits, with the ion- exchange takes place.
- the substances dissolved in the electrolyte are chemically reduced or oxidized, whereby electrical energy is required to charge the flow battery and electrical energy is released during discharging.
- JP 2020 188 012 A contains a similar disclosure content.
- US 7 820 321 B2 discloses an electrical energy source that has a single flow battery.
- the flow battery has a first and a second pole and a reaction chamber. A potential can be tapped at each of the two poles.
- the reaction chamber has a membrane that separates the reaction chamber into two fluid chambers, the membrane being permeable to a transfer of electrical charge carriers between the fluid chambers of the reaction chamber.
- the electrical energy source has two separate closed circuits for a respective electrolyte fluid.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a design of an electrical energy source which has flow batteries and uses the temperature dependence of the battery voltages in an advantageous manner.
- both an energy balance of the electrical energy storage device is to be optimized and influences on the thermal balance of the electrical energy source which occur during charging and discharging are to be taken into account.
- an electrical energy source having the features of claim 1.
- Advantageous embodiments of the electrical energy source are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 4.
- an electrical energy source of the type mentioned at the outset is designed in that
- the electrical energy source has a heat storage device in which a storage medium is located
- the heat exchangers each have a feed element and a take-off element
- the electrical energy source works exclusively as an energy source, i.e. it does not offer any storage option for electrical energy.
- the electrical energy source in such a way that electrical energy can also be stored. This is achieved by the two circuits having storage vessels and influencing elements on the output side of the reaction chambers, by means of which the amount of respective electrolyte liquid can be adjusted, which is transported from the storage vessel on the output side of the reaction chamber of one flow battery via the heat exchanger on the input side of the reaction chamber of the other flow battery and the reaction chamber of the other flow battery into the storage vessel on the output side of the reaction chamber of the other flow battery, so that a fill level of the storage vessel on the output side of the reaction chamber of one flow battery is reduced and a fill level of the storage vessel on the output side of the reaction chamber of the other flow battery is increased.
- the influencing elements can be pumps. This design is always feasible. In the case of pumps, the amount of electrolyte fluid transported can be adjusted by controlling the pumps accordingly.
- two of the influencing elements can be pumps and two valves. This design is feasible if there is a height difference between the storage vessels on the inlet side and the outlet side of the valves, so that when the respective valve is open, the respective electrolyte fluid flows by gravity from the storage vessel on the inlet side of the respective valve via the reaction chamber on the outlet side of the respective valve into the storage vessel on the outlet side of the reaction chamber mentioned. In this case, the amount of electrolyte fluid flowing can be adjusted by the extent to which the respective valve is opened.
- the feed elements that are kept at the higher of the two temperatures are combined into a common feed element and the feed elements that are kept at the lower of the two temperatures are also combined into a common feed element.
- the consumption elements must of course remain separate from one another at least with regard to the electrolyte flows, since otherwise there would no longer be separate circuits. From a mechanical and structural point of view, they can also be combined if necessary.
- FIG 1 an electrical energy source
- FIG 2 another electrical energy source
- FIG 3 Temperature curves.
- an electrical energy source has two flow batteries 1, 2.
- the two flow batteries 1, 2 each have first poles 3, 4 and second poles 5, 6.
- the first poles 3, 4 are electrically connected to one another.
- a respective useful potential P1, P2 can be tapped at the second poles 5, 6.
- the two useful potentials P1, P2 have the same sign in relation to the first poles 3, 4 (or the corresponding common potential PO).
- the two useful potentials P1, P2 are positive, i.e. greater than the common potential PO. However, it could also be the other way around.
- the two flow batteries 1, 2 each have a reaction chamber 7, 8.
- the reaction chambers 7, 8 each have a membrane 9, 10.
- the respective membrane 9, 10 separates the respective reaction chamber 7, 8 into two fluid chambers 11, 12 and 13, 14.
- the membranes 9, 10 are indeed permeable for a transfer of electrical charge carriers between the fluid chambers 11, 12 and 13, 14 of the respective reaction chamber 7, 8. However, they are not permeable for electrolyte liquids 15, 16 located in the fluid chambers 11 to 14.
- the electrical energy source also has two separate circuits 17, 18.
- the two circuits 17, 18 are closed circuits.
- One of the two electrolyte liquids 15, 16 circulates in each of them.
- One circuit 17 connects the fluid spaces 11 and 13 to one another.
- the connection is such that the electrolyte liquid 15 is first guided via a line section 19 from the fluid space 11 to the fluid space 13 and then via a line section 20 from the fluid space 13 to the fluid space 11.
- the other circuit 18 connects the fluid spaces 12 and 14 to one another.
- the connection is such that the electrolyte liquid 16 is first guided via a line section 21 from the fluid space 12 to the fluid space 14 and then via a line section 22 from the fluid space 14 to the fluid space 12.
- the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 alternately flow through one of the fluid spaces 11, 12 of one reaction space 7 and one of the fluid spaces 13, 14 of the other reaction space 8.
- Pumps 23, 24 required to pump the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are always operated both in the same way. In principle, they can be arranged at any point in the circuits 17, 18.
- the arrangement shown in the line sections 20 and 22 is not mandatory. They could also be arranged in the line sections 19 and 21.
- the electrolyte liquid 15 flows through the fluid space 11, it is either oxidized or reduced.
- the electrolyte liquid 16 is reduced in the fluid space 12
- the electrolyte liquid 15 is reduced in the fluid space 13
- the electrolyte liquid 16 in the fluid space 14 is oxidized. If, however, the electrolyte liquid 15 in the fluid space 11 is reduced, the electrolyte liquid 16 in the fluid space 12 is oxidized, the electrolyte liquid 15 in the fluid space 13 is oxidized and the electrolyte liquid 16 in the fluid space 14 is reduced.
- the two circuits 17, 18 have heat exchangers 25 to 28 on the inlet side of the reaction chambers 7, 8.
- the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are brought to a temperature T1 by means of the heat exchangers 25 and 26.
- the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are brought to a temperature T2 by means of the heat exchangers 27 and 28.
- the temperature T2 is higher than the temperature T1.
- the structure of the heat exchanger 25 is explained in more detail below. Analogous designs apply to the other heat exchangers 26 to 28.
- the heat exchanger 25 has a feed element 29 and a removal element 30.
- the feed element 29 is kept at the temperature T 1, i.e. at the temperature to which the electrolyte liquid 15 is brought by means of the heat exchanger 25.
- a fluid 31 to be passed through the feed element 29 for this purpose, which fluid has the temperature T1 when fed to the feed element 29.
- the removal element 30 is part of the circuit 17.
- the electrolyte liquid 15 flows through it.
- the feed element 29 and the removal element 30 are thermally coupled to one another, so that the temperature T1 of the feed element 29 is transferred to the electrolyte liquid 15.
- the potentials P1, P2 in relation to the common potential PO must depend to a significant extent on the temperature T1, T2 in the respective reaction chamber 7, 8.
- Corresponding electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are known. Purely as an example, the electrolyte liquids used in a vanadium redox accumulator may be mentioned.
- the two circuits 17, 18 have further heat exchangers 32, 33 between the heat exchangers 25 to 28 arranged on the inlet side of the reaction chambers 7, 8 of the flow batteries 1, 2 and the reaction chamber 8, 7 of the other flow battery 2, 1.
- the temperatures of the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 of the respective circuit 17, 18 are brought closer to one another by means of the further heat exchangers 32, 33.
- the heat exchanger 32 is preferably flowed through on the one hand by the electrolyte liquid 15 which flows in the line section 19 from the reaction chamber 7 to the reaction chamber 8, and on the other hand by the electrolyte liquid 15 which flows in the line section 20 from the reaction chamber 8 to the reaction chamber 7.
- the heat exchanger 33 is on the one hand heated by the electrolyte liquid 16, which is in the line section 21 flows from the reaction chamber 7 to the reaction chamber 8, and on the other hand by the electrolyte liquid 16, which flows in the line section 22 from the reaction chamber 8 to the reaction chamber 7.
- storage vessels 34 to 37 are also shown on the outlet side of the reaction chambers 7, 8.
- the storage vessels 34 to 37 are components of the circuits 17, 18.
- the storage vessels 34 to 37 are also present on the outlet side of the reaction chambers 7, 8. Furthermore, the two circuits 17, 18 - instead of the pumps 23, 24 - have influencing elements 38 to 41 on the outlet side of the reaction chambers 7, 8.
- the influencing elements 38 to 41 can be arranged downstream of the storage vessels 34 to 37 as shown in FIG 2. Alternatively, the influencing elements 38 to 41 can be arranged upstream of the storage vessels 34 to 37.
- the influencing elements 38 to 41 can be operated together and in the same way.
- the electrical energy source works in the same way as explained above in connection with FIG 1.
- the influencing elements 38 to 41 can also be operated in the same way in pairs.
- the influencing elements 38 and 39 are always operated together and in the same way and the influencing elements 40 and 41 are also always operated together and in the same way.
- the operation of the influencing elements 38 and 39 on the one hand can, however, be selected independently of the operation of the influencing elements 40 and 41.
- the electrolyte liquid 15 is transported by means of the influencing element 38 from the storage vessel 34 on the outlet side of the reaction chamber 7 via the removal element 30 of the heat exchanger 27 (see FIG. 1) on the inlet side of the reaction chamber 8 and the reaction chamber 8 itself into the storage vessel 35.
- the electrolyte liquid 16 is transported by means of the influencing element 39 from the storage vessel 36 on the outlet side of the reaction chamber 7 via the removal element 30 of the heat exchanger 27 (see FIG. 1) on the inlet side of the reaction chamber 8 and the reaction chamber 8 itself into the storage vessel 35.
- the extension of the basic principle to include the storage vessels 34 to 37 and the influencing elements 38 to 41 means that the electrical energy source - in addition to being a pure electrical energy source - can also be used as an electrical energy storage device.
- the electrical energy source can therefore be operated in three “pure” operating modes.
- This "pure” operating mode is essentially the operating mode of the electrical energy source in FIG 1.
- the second of these "pure” operating modes only the influencing elements 38 and 39 are operated in the same way.
- the influencing elements 40 and 41 are not operated in this operating mode.
- the third of these "pure” operating modes it is the other way around.
- only the influencing elements 40 and 41 are operated in the same way.
- the influencing elements 38 and 39 are not operated in this operating mode.
- These two further “pure” operating modes are possible with the electrical energy source of FIG 2, but not with the electrical energy source of FIG 1.
- a mixed operation is also possible with the electrical energy source of FIG 2, in which all four influencing elements 38 to 41 are operated, but the influencing elements 38 and 39 are controlled more strongly or less strongly than the influencing elements 40 and 41.
- all four influencing elements 38 to 41 are designed as pumps. If necessary, however, two of the influencing elements 38 to 41 can also be designed as pumps and two as valves. This design is not shown separately.
- the electrical energy source also has a heat storage unit 42 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the heat storage unit 42 contains a storage medium 43, for example a thermal oil or water or a salt that melts at a low temperature, for example sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide or alum.
- the melting point of the storage medium 43 can be between the two temperatures T1, T2.
- the melting point of the storage medium 43 but can also be below the temperature T 1 .
- the boiling temperature of the storage medium 43 should be above the temperature T 2 if possible. However, exceptions to these rules are possible.
- the feed elements 29, which are kept at the temperature T2 are arranged exclusively in an upper region of the heat accumulator 42. Conversely, the feed elements 29, which are kept at the temperature T1, are arranged exclusively in a lower region of the heat accumulator 42.
- the removal elements 30, by means of which the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are brought to the temperature T2 are arranged at least in the upper region of the heat accumulator 42. Conversely, the removal elements 30, by means of which the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are brought to the temperature T1, are arranged at least in the lower region of the heat accumulator 42.
- the removal elements 30 are not arranged exclusively in the upper or lower region of the heat accumulator 42, but extend as shown in FIG 2 within the heat accumulator 42 from the upper region of the heat accumulator 42 to the lower region of the heat accumulator 42.
- the removal elements 30, by means of which the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are brought to the temperature T2 are flowed through from bottom to top by the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 within the heat accumulator 42.
- the removal elements 30, by means of which the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 are brought to the temperature T1 are flowed through from top to bottom by the electrolyte liquids 15, 16 within the heat accumulator 42.
- the feed elements 29 which are kept at the temperature T2 are also combined to form a common feed element.
- the feed elements 29 which are kept at the temperature T1 are also combined to form a common feed element.
- the temperature stratification of the storage medium 43 in the heat accumulator 42 depends on the extent to which the electrical energy source is charged or discharged. This is explained below in connection with FIG. 3, in which the temperature of the storage medium 43 is shown as a function of the height h within the heat accumulator 42.
- h1 indicates the lowest point of the heat accumulator 42 and h2 the highest point.
- the storage medium 43 In the lower area of the heat accumulator 42, i.e. at the location of the corresponding feed element 29, the storage medium 43 always has the temperature T1.
- the temperature curve in between depends on whether the electrical energy source is charged or discharged. If the electrical energy source is fully charged, the fill levels F1 and F3 are at a maximum and the fill levels F2 and F4 are at a minimum. In this case, a temperature curve approximately corresponds to curve K1.
- the thermal energy is essentially located in the heat accumulator 42. If the electrical energy source is fully discharged, the fill levels F1 and F3 are at a minimum and the fill levels F2 and F4 are at a maximum. In this case, a temperature curve approximately corresponds to curve K2. The thermal energy is essentially located in the electrolyte fluids 15, 16. If the electrical energy source is neither fully charged nor fully discharged, a temperature curve between curves K1 and K2 occurs, for example approximately according to curve K3. The fill levels F1 to F4 are also between their minimum and maximum values.
- the present invention has many advantages.
- electrical energy can be generated in a simple manner - namely without a detour via a heat engine that drives a generator - based on a temperature difference.
- the mode of operation is similar to the Carnot cycle.
- the electrical energy source can - at least in some cases - still supply electrical energy even when the operation of a heat engine with corresponding temperature differences would no longer be possible.
- flow batteries 1, 2 can also be cascaded and further loops with heat exchangers 25 to 28 can be installed in the heat storage unit 42 in order to be able to bring the electrolytes 15, 16 to their respective target temperatures T 1 or T 2 again and again even when flow batteries 1, 2 are run through multiple times.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24732188.8A EP4725061A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-06-06 | Elektrische energiequelle |
| CN202480037597.9A CN121263891A (zh) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-06-06 | 电源 |
| MX2025014576A MX2025014576A (es) | 2023-06-07 | 2025-12-04 | Fuente de energia electrica |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23177985.1A EP4475235A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 | 2023-06-07 | Elektrische energiequelle |
| EP23177985.1 | 2023-06-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024251843A1 true WO2024251843A1 (de) | 2024-12-12 |
Family
ID=86732380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/065513 Ceased WO2024251843A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 | 2024-06-06 | Elektrische energiequelle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4475235A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121263891A (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2025014576A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024251843A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7820321B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2010-10-26 | Enervault Corporation | Redox flow battery system for distributed energy storage |
| US20190252697A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2019-08-15 | Krassen Dimitrov | Electrochemical systems for direct generation of electricity and heat pumping |
| JP2020188012A (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-19 | ケーディー イノヴェイション リミテッドKd Innovation Ltd. | 直接発電及び熱ポンピングのための電気化学システム |
-
2023
- 2023-06-07 EP EP23177985.1A patent/EP4475235A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2024
- 2024-06-06 EP EP24732188.8A patent/EP4725061A1/de active Pending
- 2024-06-06 CN CN202480037597.9A patent/CN121263891A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-06 WO PCT/EP2024/065513 patent/WO2024251843A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-12-04 MX MX2025014576A patent/MX2025014576A/es unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7820321B2 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2010-10-26 | Enervault Corporation | Redox flow battery system for distributed energy storage |
| US20190252697A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2019-08-15 | Krassen Dimitrov | Electrochemical systems for direct generation of electricity and heat pumping |
| JP2020188012A (ja) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-19 | ケーディー イノヴェイション リミテッドKd Innovation Ltd. | 直接発電及び熱ポンピングのための電気化学システム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4475235A1 (de) | 2024-12-11 |
| EP4725061A1 (de) | 2026-04-15 |
| MX2025014576A (es) | 2026-01-07 |
| CN121263891A (zh) | 2026-01-02 |
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