WO2024242512A1 - 수소 연료공급 프로토콜을 부트스트랩핑하는 방법 및 장치 - Google Patents
수소 연료공급 프로토콜을 부트스트랩핑하는 방법 및 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024242512A1 WO2024242512A1 PCT/KR2024/007172 KR2024007172W WO2024242512A1 WO 2024242512 A1 WO2024242512 A1 WO 2024242512A1 KR 2024007172 W KR2024007172 W KR 2024007172W WO 2024242512 A1 WO2024242512 A1 WO 2024242512A1
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- dispenser
- mobility
- communication
- protocol
- hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
- F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
- H04L61/50—Address allocation
- H04L61/5007—Internet protocol [IP] addresses
- H04L61/5014—Internet protocol [IP] addresses using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0376—Dispensing pistols
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
- F17C2250/034—Control means using wireless transmissions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
- F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
- F17C2270/0189—Planes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication technology for hydrogen fueling of hydrogen fueled mobility, and more specifically, to a hydrogen fueling process capable of improving the safety, compatibility, efficiency, and reliability of hydrogen fueling, a communication method for bootstrapping a hydrogen fueling protocol for the hydrogen fueling process, and a device using the same.
- Hydrogen cars or hydrogen electric vehicles, are pollution-free vehicles that run on electric energy generated by the combination of high-pressure hydrogen stored in the vehicle and air in the atmosphere. Hydrogen electric vehicles are also called fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Most hydrogen electric vehicles use hydrogen as an energy source to generate electricity using a fuel cell system. Hydrogen electric vehicles not only emit only pure water ( H2O ) during the electricity generation process, but also have the function of removing ultrafine dust in the atmosphere while in operation, so they are attracting attention as a future eco-friendly mobility. It is widely recognized as a technology with the potential to be utilized across industries, as hydrogen as a fuel is infinite on Earth and the process of producing energy is eco-friendly.
- H2O pure water
- information related to interoperability or compatibility between a dispenser and a mobility may include whether bidirectional communication between the dispenser and the mobility is supported; whether a function of sharing measurement data through bidirectional communication between the dispenser and the mobility is supported; whether the measurement data can be used to control or manage a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility; or whether a fallback or alternative protocol of a communication protocol or a fueling protocol can be determined based on a change in a communication environment between the dispenser and the mobility during a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility.
- a communication device for hydrogen fuel mobility comprises: a memory storing at least one command; and a processor executing at least one command, wherein the processor is configured to: share information regarding pairing between a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to a mobility and the mobility, discover a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility, and check information regarding interoperability or compatibility between the dispenser and the mobility based on the information regarding pairing, perform pairing between the dispenser and the mobility based on the information regarding pairing, and perform a subsequent process related to a communication protocol or a fueling protocol for a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the dispenser based on the information regarding interoperability or compatibility between the dispenser and the mobility.
- the processor When the processor discovers the dispenser, it can receive a first message from at least one wireless communication entity, identify a dispenser among the at least one wireless communication entity based on the first message, and transmit an association request message to the identified dispenser. At this time, when the processor identifies the dispenser among the at least one wireless communication entity based on the first message, it can extract a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field within the first message, identify at least a part of information regarding pairing based on the VSE data field, and identify the dispenser based on at least a part of the information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a communication device of a dispenser that supplies hydrogen fuel to hydrogen fuel mobility may include: a step of sharing information about pairing between the mobility and the dispenser and discovering the mobility; a step of checking information about interoperability or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser based on the information about pairing; a step of performing pairing between the mobility and the dispenser based on the information about pairing; and a step of performing a subsequent process related to a communication protocol or a fueling protocol for a process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the mobility based on the information about interoperability or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser.
- messages sent and received between the mobility and the dispenser may include a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field, and the VSE data field may include at least a portion of information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- a VSE data field may include, as at least a part of information regarding pairing, a standard supported by the dispenser or mobility; a version of the standard; a fueling protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; a communication protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; or identification information for pairing of the dispenser or mobility.
- a communication method for hydrogen fuel supply and a device using the same that is, a hydrogen fuel supply control device or a communication control device for a vehicle/mobility
- FCEV hydrogen electric vehicle
- a hydrogen fuel engine and a communication protocol therefor it is possible to overcome the limitations and vulnerabilities of existing one-way communication in a hydrogen fueling process of hydrogen fueled mobility including a hydrogen electric vehicle (FCEV: fuel cell electric vehicle) and a hydrogen fuel engine and a communication protocol therefor, and to improve the safety, compatibility, efficiency, and reliability of hydrogen fuel supply.
- FCEV hydrogen electric vehicle
- rules and procedures required for communication protocol negotiation, fueling protocol negotiation, and fueling parameter exchange can be provided so that mobility and a dispenser can cooperate to effectively determine a conventional communication medium or an advanced communication medium to effectively achieve a hydrogen fueling goal.
- the monitoring and control, safety check-in, and safety check-out processes, communication protocol negotiation, fueling protocol negotiation, and fueling parameter exchange processes are linked to provide rules and procedures necessary for a use case in which mobility and a dispenser cooperate to effectively achieve a hydrogen fueling goal.
- the rules and procedures required for a use case in which the mobility and the dispenser cooperate to effectively achieve the hydrogen fueling goal are linked, including communication protocol negotiation, fueling protocol negotiation, fueling parameter negotiation, monitoring and control, error handling for the hydrogen fueling process that handles errors and/or emergencies occurring during the safety check-in and safety check-out processes, and emergency handling processes can be provided.
- a standardized data field such as VSE (Vendor-Specific Element) can be used to provide the functions and communication protocols and/or fuel supply protocols of each hydrogen fuel mobility and dispenser/station to the other party.
- VSE Vehicle-Specific Element
- information such as interoperability and compatibility required in a subsequent process can be shared with the other party, and the process until the start of the hydrogen fuel supply process can be shortened.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a hydrogen fuel supply system for a hydrogen electric vehicle (FCEV) to which a two-way hydrogen fuel supply communication process according to one embodiment of the present invention can be applied.
- FCEV hydrogen electric vehicle
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view illustrating the physical connection structure between the FCEV and the dispenser in the hydrogen fuel supply system of Figure 1.
- Figure 3 is a graph for explaining the state changes of hydrogen fuel that occur during the hydrogen fuel supply process by the hydrogen fuel supply system of Figure 1.
- FIG. 4 is a framework for functional blocks performing a series of hydrogen fueling procedures that can employ a hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram showing a communication stack related to each use case that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention, centered on the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection reference model) 7 layer.
- OSI Open Systems Interconnection reference model
- FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram illustrating a pairing process of a discovery and pairing procedure that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram illustrating backward compatibility that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram illustrating backward compatibility that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a communication data usage classification that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention and backward compatibility in the communication data usage classification.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an authentication process of a communication security procedure that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a communication protocol negotiation procedure that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining a fuel supply protocol negotiation procedure among a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a fueling parameter exchange/negotiation procedure that can be employed in a hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a table of parameters transmitted from the mobility side to the dispenser side in a fuel supply parameter negotiation/exchange process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a table of parameters transmitted from a dispenser to a mobility side in a fuel supply parameter negotiation/exchange process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating one of the alternative embodiments of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a communication method for hydrogen fuel supply according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating in detail one embodiment of a part of the operation of FIG. 17.
- FIG. 19 is a conceptual block diagram of the internal structure of a generalized computing system that may be mounted on a hydrogen fuel mobility, dispenser, and/or fueling station as a communication device, a communication control device, and/or an electronic control device for hydrogen fueling according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- first, second, A, B, etc. may be used to describe various components, the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are only used to distinguish one component from another.
- first component could be referred to as the second component, and similarly, the second component could also be referred to as the first component.
- the term "and/or" includes any combination of a plurality of related listed items or any item among a plurality of related listed items.
- “at least one of A and B” can mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.” Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, “at least one of A and B” can mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.”
- Hydrogen electric vehicles can generally include both hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) that use fuel cells or ICE (internal combustion engine)-based vehicles that use hydrogen as fuel.
- FCEVs hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles
- ICE internal combustion engine
- the charging station system (220) can monitor or control the pressure, speed, and temperature of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen tank (230) according to the signal and/or data of the second electronic control unit. To this end, the charging station system (220) can control the operation of the station box (240) connected to the discharge port or discharge valve of the hydrogen tank (230).
- the charging station system (220) may also be referred to as a charging station safety system.
- the communication entity associated with the dispenser (200) for communicating with the vehicle/mobility (100) may be an electronic control device (210), a separate communication device mounted on the dispenser (200), or an electronic control device or a separate communication device within the charging station system (220) may communicate with the vehicle/mobility (100) instead of the dispenser (200).
- the communication control device for communicating with the dispenser (200) side in the vehicle/mobility (100) may be the first electronic control device (110) or a separate communication control device.
- the nozzle (250) may be connected to the hydrogen fuel supply system of the dispenser (200) via a conduit or flexible pipe of a predetermined length.
- the nozzle (250) may have a shape and structure that tightly and firmly engages with the receptacle of the vehicle.
- the nozzle (250) can be engaged with the receptacle (150) as shown in Fig. 2. At this time, a signal or information on the engagement status of the nozzle (250) and the receptacle (150) is transmitted to the first electronic control device or the vehicle safety system by the first sensor (160) installed in the vehicle and the second sensor (260) attached to the nozzle (250), and can also be transmitted to the second electronic control device or the charging station safety system.
- Hydrogen fuel pre-cooled from the aforementioned hydrogen charging station is supplied to a hydrogen electric vehicle (100) through a dispenser (200).
- the hydrogen fuel supply process can be described by parameters including a pressure increase rate (PRR) and/or an average pressure increase rate (APRR).
- PRR pressure increase rate
- APRR average pressure increase rate
- the interface between the hydrogen charging station and the vehicle (100) can be handled by the dispenser (200).
- the dispenser (200) can be configured to control target pressure and injection speed for hydrogen fuel supply by synthesizing information indirectly obtained from the vehicle tank (130) and fuel supply information of the hydrogen charging station.
- a communication method In the existing technology, there are two ways to transmit information from the vehicle (100) to the dispenser (200): a communication method and a non-communication method.
- the temperature and pressure values of the vehicle tank (130) of the vehicle (100) are simply transmitted in one direction to the dispenser (200), and the dispenser (200) does not actively utilize the information, but only utilizes it as a safety standard, such as an emergency stop at the limit temperature and pressure.
- the hydrogen fuel supply protocol for safe and rapid fuel supply is managed by the dispenser (200), and only a minimum safety management device is provided to automatically release hydrogen through a pressure relief device (PRD) without active safety management of the vehicle tank (130).
- PRD pressure relief device
- the hydrogen charging station may be equipped with a pre-cooler.
- the pre-cooler may lower the temperature of hydrogen fuel through pre-cooling.
- the pre-cooler may be installed or coupled to at least one of the hydrogen tank (230) and the station box (240).
- the pre-cooler may of course be installed or coupled to a pipe that transports hydrogen in the hydrogen charging station.
- a fuel supply control logic may be installed inside the dispenser (200) or in the second electronic control device, and the fuel supply control logic may be used to control the hydrogen fueling process by utilizing status information such as temperature and pressure of hydrogen fuel supplied to the vehicle or fueled to the vehicle tank (130), and fuel supply status information such as the charge rate (SOC, State of Charge) of the CHSS.
- status information such as temperature and pressure of hydrogen fuel supplied to the vehicle or fueled to the vehicle tank (130), and fuel supply status information such as the charge rate (SOC, State of Charge) of the CHSS.
- the hydrogen fueling process is controlled between the vehicle (100) and the hydrogen charging station by the dispenser (200), and the dispenser (200) may be equipped with a protocol for supplying hydrogen fuel to the vehicle according to a set procedure.
- This hydrogen fueling protocol may also be equipped in the vehicle.
- the protocol equipped in the vehicle or the dispenser (200) may include at least a part of a communication protocol according to the SAE standard, the ISO standard, etc.
- the minimum requirements for safety simulations can be conducted through thermodynamic modeling for various situations, and the parameters derived from these simulations can be used in a table-based method or a partial real-time correction method based on MC formula.
- the minimum requirements for safety can include the upper limits of the temperature and pressure conditions of CHSS and guidelines for the state of charge (SOC).
- the table-based method of the prior art has very low efficiency because the temperature of the precooled hydrogen fuel provided from the gas charging station or the temperature of the vehicle tank (130) measured in the vehicle (100) is not utilized, and it is difficult to flexibly respond to changes in the surrounding situation.
- the MC-Formula-based method of the prior art compensates the temperature of the precooled hydrogen fuel in real time, but the calculation and application methods are complicated and the application is limited, making it difficult to expand.
- the internal temperature of the vehicle tank rises due to the compression heat, and thus the temperature of the hydrogen fuel inside the vehicle tank rises.
- the vehicle tank is configured to wrap the dome and body of the vehicle tank with carbon fiber having low heat transfer efficiency in order to block heat exchange between the external atmosphere and the hydrogen fuel stored inside. Therefore, when the temperature of the hydrogen fuel inside the vehicle tank rises during the fuel supply process, the temperature rise revealed on the surface of the vehicle tank may be minimal compared to the internal temperature rise until the fuel supply is completed due to the low heat transfer characteristics of the vehicle tank.
- the temperature control of the hydrogen fuel supply process can be targeted to control the internal temperature of the vehicle tank (130) to be 85° C. or lower at the time of completion of the final fuel supply by receiving pre-cooled hydrogen gas. That is, as shown in the characteristic curve for the hydrogen temperature during the hydrogen fuel supply illustrated in FIG.
- Phase I Phase I
- P2 Phase II
- P3 Phase III
- P4 Phase IV
- a hydrogen fuel supply procedure can be effectively performed through active state variable control reflecting real-time measurement data through a hydrogen fuel supply communication two-way process, and a hydrogen fuel supply protocol for this can be provided.
- FIG. 4 is a framework for functional blocks performing a series of hydrogen fueling procedures that can employ a hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the “hydrogen fueling framework”).
- the hydrogen fueling framework is composed of use case (UC)-specific function blocks, including a discovery and pairing function block (hereinafter, simply referred to as 'UC1' or 'UC-1'), a communication security function block (UC2 or UC-2), a communication protocol negotiation function block (UC3 or UC-3), a fueling protocol negotiation function block (UC4 or UC-4), a fueling parameter negotiation function block (UC5 or UC-5), a safety check-in function block (UC6 or UC-6), a monitoring and control function block (UC7 or UC-7), a safety check-out function block (UC8 or UC-8), a termination function block (UC9 or UC-9), an error handling function block (UC10 or UC-10), and an emergency handling function.
- Blocks (UC11 or UC-11) can be equipped.
- Each of the UC1 to UC11 function blocks may correspond to time-series steps (S401 to S411) as illustrated in Fig. 4.
- Fig. 4 may also be understood as an operational flowchart including time-series steps (S401 to S411).
- UC10 and UC11 may be individually connected to UC3 to UC8 and configured to perform error handling and/or emergency handling in each use case.
- the above-described use cases are functional blocks that collectively provide the entire hydrogen fueling procedures of a hydrogen fueling system in a consistent manner for safe and secure fueling communication.
- the vehicle and dispenser can sequentially perform each use case in a specific order to achieve the hydrogen fueling goal.
- the vehicle and the dispenser can perform fuel supply communication by implementing each use case in the order shown in Fig. 4. However, the vehicle and the dispenser can omit specific use cases if necessary according to predefined requirements.
- Each of the use cases described above can be implemented through communication between a dispenser control system of a dispenser that supplies hydrogen as fuel to a hydrogen fuel vehicle according to a fueling protocol for a hydrogen fuel vehicle and the hydrogen fuel vehicle.
- the hydrogen fuel vehicle (hereinafter also referred to simply as “vehicle”) and the dispenser implementing the aforementioned use case can exchange data for vehicle identification in UC-1.
- the vehicle can be equipped with sensors, an electric control unit (ECU), a transmitter, and a receiver.
- the receiver can be integrally coupled with the transmitter in case of two-way communication.
- the dispenser can be configured to receive specific data from the vehicle.
- the dispenser can store data of data logging or store data specified in the charging station PLC (programmable logic controller) for use in the fueling protocol.
- Data logging can refer to a process of collecting data for a certain period of time to analyze a specific operating state of a hydrogen fueling system or to record data-based events/operations of a system or network environment, or data collected by this process.
- the charging station is equipped with a sensor specified by the fueling protocol, and the charging station PLC or electronic control unit can obtain measurements from the sensors and send the measurements to the vehicle.
- the aforementioned vehicle or charging station can use existing communication protocol standards for communication, such as infrared, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth.
- the vehicle and the dispenser can establish a communication channel between the vehicle and the dispenser that is physically connected at the vehicle-to-dispenser interface.
- the pairing process that establishes this communication channel can be performed using wired, optical, or wireless technologies.
- the discovery and pairing procedure or pairing process may have pre-conditions that the dispenser nozzle is inserted into and firmly connected to a vehicle fueling receptacle.
- the vehicle fueling receptacle may be simply referred to as a vehicle receptacle or receptacle.
- the vehicle and the dispenser know by default which communication protocol to follow. Therefore, subsequent communication after UC-1 can only rely on the communication protocol agreed upon in the current use case, either as a discovery and pairing procedure or as a post-condition of the pairing process. If a communication protocol outside the agreed upon scope is selected by the vehicle or the dispenser, the selected communication will not be performed. That is, even if the pairing process is completed successfully, authorization for fuel or authorization for fuel delivery may not be granted.
- Any method used to pair the vehicle and dispenser shall be configured so as not to increase the risk of ignition or explosion beyond an acceptable level.
- any wired pairing method shall be configured to mitigate or prevent the risk of sparking due to electrostatic discharge.
- any method used to pair the vehicle and the dispenser may be integrated into the vehicle-to-dispenser interface or installed so as to have proximity between the fueling receptacle of the vehicle and the nozzle and hose assembly of the dispenser.
- the interface may refer to something physically integrated into the nozzle and receptacle interface.
- the proximity may be defined by hardware associated with the pairing method.
- the physical geometry used for infrared communication may be specified, including the allowed distance between the transmitter and receiver.
- the physical geometry of the hydrogen fueling hardware may be pre-specified, wherein the proximity does not include a relatively long-range wireless communication technology such as Bluetooth, such as a pairing method that risks pairing a vehicle and dispenser that are not physically connected.
- the infrared communication may be referred to as infrared data association (IrDA) communication, and may include bidirectional infrared (bi-IrDA) communication.
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling is a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a communication device of hydrogen fuel mobility, which may include a step of negotiating a communication protocol with a dispenser that fuels hydrogen to mobility (S403); a step of negotiating a fueling protocol for receiving hydrogen from the dispenser with the dispenser (S404); and a step of negotiating a fueling parameter based on the fueling protocol with the dispenser (S405).
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a dispenser supplying hydrogen fuel to hydrogen fuel mobility may include a step of negotiating a communication protocol with the mobility (S403); a step of negotiating a fueling protocol for supplying hydrogen to the mobility with the mobility (S404); and a step of negotiating a fueling parameter based on the fueling protocol with the mobility (S405).
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram showing a communication stack related to each use case that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention, centered on the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection reference model) 7 layer.
- OSI Open Systems Interconnection reference model
- the communication stack related to the use case of the hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process (briefly referred to as the 'hydrogen fueling communication stack') can be expressed as protocol suites corresponding to each of the data link and physical layer, the network layer, the transport layer, the security layer, the session layer, the presentation layer, and the application layer belonging to the OSI 7 layers.
- the hydrogen fuel supply communication stack may include at least one third protocol (530) selected from TCP (transmission control protocol), UDP (user datagram protocol), etc. as a protocol of the transport layer of the OSI 7 layer.
- TCP transmission control protocol
- UDP user datagram protocol
- the hydrogen fuel supply communication stack may include at least one fourth protocol (540) selected from among TLS (transport layer security), DTLS (datagram transmission layer security), etc., as a protocol of a security layer of the OSI 7 layer.
- TLS may include versions such as TLS 1.2 and TLS 1.3
- DTLS may include versions such as DTLS 1.2 and DTLS 1.3.
- TLS may be implemented in a TCP socket
- DTLS may be implemented in a UDP socket.
- the hydrogen fueling communication stack may include a JSON-based session protocol (550) as a protocol of the session layer of the OSI 7 layer.
- the JSON-based session protocol (550) may be used when communicating between a vehicle and a dispenser or sending data between an electronic control unit of a vehicle and an electronic control unit of a charging station.
- the hydrogen fueling communication stack may include JSON (JavaScript object notation) (560) as a protocol of the presentation layer of the OSI 7 layer.
- JSON is one of the formats that can be used when sending data from a server to a client.
- protocol messages between a vehicle and a dispenser or between an electronic control unit of a vehicle and an electronic control unit of a charging station can be expressed in JSON.
- the hydrogen fueling communication stack described above may be configured to utilize protocols such as PLC (programmable logic controller), WLAN, etc. as protocols of the data link and physical layers and the network layer; TCP and/or IPv6 protocols as protocols of the transport layer and the security layer; binary XML (binary extensible markup language) protocol as protocols of the session layer corresponding to the encoding layer; and one of the existing protocols used in electric vehicles as protocols of the presentation layer and the application layer.
- the existing protocols used in electric vehicles may include at least one protocol for direct current (DC) fueling, alternate current (AC) fueling, wireless power transfer (WPT), automatic connection device pantograph (ACDP), etc. of the electric vehicle.
- the use case (UC1) of the discovery and pairing step (S401) of Fig. 4 enables the device to identify a communication counterparty (a communication module of a vehicle or dispenser) responsible for controlling a physically connected receptacle or nozzle.
- UC1 can also define a method for identifying incompatibility and define a safety mechanism.
- the vehicle and the dispenser may attempt to find a common communication technology to execute the fueling protocol.
- the vehicle and the dispenser may discover each other and initiate communication based on discovery mechanisms provided by the underlying data link and physical layers.
- An additional pairing procedure may be required to establish a communication channel with the device connected to the fueling hose assembly. If the communication channel does not guarantee proper pairing, for example, in the case of wireless communication, a separate pairing channel may be required to convey the pairing information. If pairing is implicitly guaranteed, for example, the communication channel integrated with the hose assembly may suffice.
- Table 2 is a table showing the purpose, prerequisites, and follow-up conditions of use case UC1 of the discovery and pairing step (S401) of Fig. 4.
- UC-1 Type Description Use case name UC-1: "Discovery and Pairing" Objectives UC-1 allows devices to identify the communication counterparty (communication module of vehicle or dispenser) that is responsible for the control of the physically connected receptacle or nozzle, respectively. UC-1 also defines how to identify incompatibility and may define a failsafe mechanism. Short Description During this use case, vehicle and dispenser try to find out any common communication technologies to run a fueling protocol. Depending on the discovery mechanism provided by the underlying physical/data-link layer, the vehicle and dispenser discovers each other and start communication. To ensure that the communication channel is established with the devices that are bound to the fuelling hose assembly, extra pairing procedure may need to be involved.
- Table 3 is a table showing supported communication technologies and their respective clauses that can be used in use case UC1 of the discovery and pairing step (S401) of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating in detail step (S401) according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the pairing process is such that when pairing at UCDC level 2 and UCDC level 3, the vehicle and the dispenser can exchange pairing IDs and check the other party's pairing ID.
- a vehicle can broadcast a message (PAIR_ID_ANNOUNCE) containing its pairing ID (PAIR_ID), i.e., the vehicle ID (vehicle_id).
- PAIR_ID_ACK the vehicle ID
- PAIR_ID_CONFIRM the dispenser's message
- This send-echo-verify method allows vehicles and dispensers to use session-specific randomized pairing IDs. This solves the privacy issue of pairing ID exchange. That is, trust in the pairing process is established by a subsequent process, and for this purpose, the session-specific pairing ID is included in the data used to establish trust.
- the vehicle and the dispenser can ensure that the pairing provides sufficient information to secure the communication channel for any method used to pair the vehicle and the dispenser.
- the pairing may include the exchange of cryptographic keys so that the vehicle and dispenser can secure communications during fueling.
- UCDC Level 1 does not support bidirectional communication, so securing the communication channel may not be possible. Pairing a vehicle and a dispenser at UCDC Level 2 and UCDC Level 3 may be configured to provide sufficient information to secure the communication to meet a particular security level, for example, IEC 62443 Security Level 3. IEC 62443 Security Level 3 may be a security level for actors with appropriate resources and appropriate motivation.
- FIG. 7 is an exemplary diagram illustrating backward compatibility that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the hydrogen fuel supply device can be made into a compatible device that has backward compatibility with existing devices in consideration of interoperability.
- the hydrogen fuel supply device or its communication device can be classified into Type 0, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3.
- Type 0 may refer to a device that does not support fueling communications or does not receive such communications messages.
- Type 1 may refer to a device supporting IrDA communication for fuel supply.
- a Type 1 device may fallback to a Type 0 device.
- Type 2 can refer to a device that supports advanced communication (AC). Type 2 devices can fall back to Type 0 devices.
- AC advanced communication
- Type 3 can refer to a device that supports IrDA and advanced communications.
- a Type 3 device can fall back to any of Type 0, Type 1, and Type 2.
- Advanced communication may refer to communication using a medium such as WLAN (wireless local area network), Bluetooth (BT), NFC (near field communication), WiFi, UWB (ultra-wideband), RFID (radio frequency identification), 4G, and 5G, and a specific protocol.
- advanced communication may include bidirectional IrDA, serial communication, automotive Ethernet (ETH), high level communication, etc.
- the specific protocol may include TCT/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol), fueling protocol, etc.
- high level communication can process all information exceeding the information handled by command and control communication.
- the data link of high level communication may use PLC (Power line communication), but is not limited thereto.
- advanced communications may include hybrid forms, such as a combination of IrDA and wired or IrDA and wireless.
- hybrid forms such as a combination of IrDA and wired or IrDA and wireless.
- changes to the nozzle and receptacle may be required.
- wireless communication technologies can include various communication means such as 5G, WLAN, BLE, ETH, UWB, RFID, NFC, etc.
- Known protocols such as TCP/IP can be used as protocols for these communication means.
- communication means considered as wireless communication can use Bluetooth, WLAN, Wi-Fi (ISO 15118 for inductive / ACD), UWB (IEC limited consideration for ACD), etc.
- hydrogen fueling devices can be implemented to support communication of different technologies. Accordingly, the hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process of the present embodiment is configured to maximize interoperability between the devices.
- Type 2 device supporting Specification #2 according to a given standard encounters a Type 0 device or a Type 1 device, the Type 2 device can fall back to a Type 0 device (S620).
- Type 3 device can fall back to a Type 0 device (S630).
- Type 3 device can fall back to a Type 1 device (S640).
- Type 3 device can fall back to a Type 2 device (S650).
- the aforementioned standard #1 may include the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) standard, etc.
- the standard #2 may include the ISO 19885-3 standard, etc.
- the hydrogen fueling device may perform a connection compatibility check.
- the hydrogen fueling device may perform a connection compatibility check as in Scenario 1 to Scenario 3 below, depending on whether WLAN, which is one of the advanced communications, is supported.
- the dispenser may support IrDA communication but not WLAN communication.
- the dispenser corresponds to a Type 1 device.
- An FCEV in the vicinity of the dispenser is a Type 3 device and cannot find the dispenser, which is a Type 1 device, by scanning.
- IrDA communication can be initiated between the FCEV and the dispenser.
- the dispenser can support WLAN communication and IrDA communication.
- the dispenser corresponds to a Type 3 device.
- An FCEV a Type 1 device, can be parked near the dispenser. The dispenser cannot find any WLAN clients yet.
- IrDA communication can be initiated between the FCEV and the dispenser.
- FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram illustrating backward compatibility that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process of the present embodiment can provide rules and principles for the fueling method and communication protocol to fall back to maximize interoperability without the FCEV and dispenser necessarily selecting the most preferred communication method.
- the device with a relatively higher type or UCDC level can be configured to fall back to the type or level of the device with a relatively lower type or level.
- both devices can maintain their current type or UCDC level.
- one device is a type 1 device and the other device is a type 2 device, both devices can be configured to fall back to a type 0 device.
- one device is a type 3 device and the other device is not a type 3 device, the type 3 device can be configured to fall back to the same type or UCDC level as the other device.
- the aforementioned specification #1 can be a communication protocol of the SAE standard, and specification #2 can be a toe-in protocol of the ISO 19885 standard.
- the vehicle and the dispenser can both support and select the best one among them.
- a device without communication hereinafter referred to as 'no communication device'
- a device supporting unidirectional communication hereinafter referred to as 'unidirectional communication device'
- the two devices can maintain the bidirectional communication method as it is.
- UCDC compatibility can be treated separately.
- a device meets a non-communication device it can rely on no communication. This can be applied to all devices supporting bidirectional communication (hereinafter referred to as 'bidirectional communication devices').
- a unidirectional communication device meets a bidirectional communication device, if the bidirectional communication device supports both the unidirectional communication mode and the bidirectional communication mode, the bidirectional communication device can fall back to the unidirectional communication mode. And, if the bidirectional communication device does not support unidirectional communication, the bidirectional communication device can fall back to the no-communication device to rely on no communication.
- the above-described two-way communication device can be configured to support a fueling method by one-way communication, regardless of whether one-way communication is available.
- the two-way communication device must be able to determine whether the other party supports two-way communication. If the FCEV or dispenser does not support two-way communication, the two-way communication device can fall back to a one-way communication device that uses a compatible one-way communication method.
- FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram for explaining a communication data usage classification that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention and backward compatibility in the communication data usage classification.
- the vehicle and the dispenser may have a pairing identity (ID), and requirements for exchanging such identities may be classified by use classification of communication data (UCDC) levels.
- the UCDC levels may have UCDC level 1 (UCDC-1) (910), UCDC level 2 (UCDC-2) (920), and UCDC level 3 (UCDC-3) (930).
- the UCDC level may further have UCDC level 0 (UCDC-0) (900).
- UCDC Level 0 (900) may refer to communications that are not used by the fueling protocol for dispensing of hydrogen or related safety functions, or where data is not transmitted or where data is transmitted. UCDC Level 0 (900) does not support communication between the vehicle and the dispenser (no communication), so the dispenser cannot transmit the pairing ID to the vehicle during process control or safety functions.
- the vehicle can transmit the pairing ID to the dispenser. While the data transmitted at UCDC Level 1 (910) is not used for safety functions, the static data transmitted can be used to improve the performance of the fueling protocol, and the dynamic data transmitted can be used to reduce the risk against process deviations within the fueling protocol.
- Static data transmitted at UCDC Level 2 may be used for safety functions. Such static data at UCDC Level 2 (920) may be in addition to the permitted uses for static data and dynamic data defined for UCDC Level 1.
- UCDC Level 3 static and dynamic data can be used for dynamic control within a protocol or safety function.
- This UCDC Level 3 (930) dynamic data may be in addition to the permitted uses for static and dynamic data defined for UCDC Level 2.
- the UCDC levels can have a form where UCDC level 1 is included in UCDC level 2, and UCDC level 2 is included in UCDC level 3, i.e., a higher level includes a lower level.
- a device supporting a specific UCDC level can support a device of a lower UCDC level.
- Devices supporting different UCDC levels can use the highest UCDC level supported by both devices. It can be said that the above-mentioned UCDC levels also easily support UCDC level 0. It can be seen that the UCDC levels are backward compatible. In another embodiment of the present invention, the backward compatibility can be effectively applied to each of Non-Comm, Uni-directional Comm, Bi-directional Comm, and combinations thereof, regardless of the UCDC level.
- interoperability and/or compatibility between a vehicle/mobility and a dispenser can be shared in the discovery and pairing step (S401) of FIG. 4.
- the interoperability and/or compatibility can be utilized in the communication protocol negotiation step (S403), the fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404), and/or the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405) described below.
- information on interoperability and/or compatibility shared between the vehicle/mobility and the dispenser in the discovery and pairing step (S401) of FIG. 4 may be updated or re-shared while going through the communication protocol negotiation step (S403), the fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404), and/or the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- Information on interoperability and/or compatibility may be updated due to changes in the communication environment, changes in parameters affecting the fuel supply process, etc.
- the discovery and pairing step (S401) of FIG. 4 may also be referred to as a Dispenser Discovery Protocol (DDP).
- DDP Dispenser Discovery Protocol
- a DDP may be initiated by a DDP request message [DDPRequest] broadcast by a mobility.
- the DDPRequest may include the mobility's pairing ID "pairing_id".
- a dispenser receives a DDPRequest, and the dispenser can respond to the DDPRequest by sending a DDPResponse.
- the DDPResponse can contain the dispenser's IP address "IPAddr”, the dispenser's TCP port number "TCPPort”, the dispenser's UDP port number “UDPPort”, and the dispenser's pairing ID "pairing_id”.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining an authentication process of a communication security procedure (S402) that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the mobility can transmit a message requesting a list of authorization methods to the dispenser (S1010).
- the dispenser can transmit a response message to the request for the list of authorization methods from the mobility to the mobility (S1020).
- the response message can include information on a list of authorization methods related to an external authentication procedure such as an RFID (radio frequency identification), credit cards, or debit cards, or a self-authentication procedure.
- the mobility can transmit an authentication request message including a specific method selected from the list of authentication methods, such as RFID, to the dispenser (S1030).
- the dispenser can transmit a response message to the authentication request of the mobility to the mobility (S1040).
- This response message can include information indicating that the authentication method selected by the mobility is working.
- the mobility can perform authentication using the previously selected authentication method according to the response of the dispenser and transmit a request message for confirmation of authentication performance (Done?) to the dispenser (S1050). If the authentication performance is not confirmed or the authentication is not completed, the above-described series of steps (S1010 to S1050) can be repeatedly performed. If the authentication is completed, the dispenser can transmit an authentication completion (Done (success)) message to the mobility (S1090).
- the dispenser can check whether the mobility is authorized, i.e., whether the user of the mobility is authorized to supply hydrogen fuel, before proceeding further with the hydrogen fueling process.
- the hydrogen fueling device including at least one of the mobility and the dispenser can establish a transport layer, i.e., a TCP connection, after a data link and physical layer connection is established between the mobility and the dispenser, and then perform a TLS handshake for authentication and exchange keys to establish a secure communication channel.
- a transport layer i.e., a TCP connection
- DTLS handshake for authentication and exchange keys to establish a secure communication channel.
- UDP communication protected by DTLS can be used while security-critical information is exchanged.
- the mobility and the dispenser can successfully perform discovery and pairing procedures and establish data link and physical layer connections. Then, credentials required for authentication and key exchange can be prepared. This allows the communication channel between the mobility and the dispenser to be encrypted and integrity protected.
- the dispenser can authenticate the mobility, and optionally, the mobility can authenticate the dispenser.
- dispenser authentication may be required and dispenser authentication may be optional, in which case the dispenser may act as a client and the mobility may act as a server.
- the mobility and the dispenser For TLS handshakes, the mobility and the dispenser must prepare the necessary credentials.
- the mobility and the dispenser can store the certificate chain, the private key corresponding to the certificate, and the trust anchor certificate in a secure repository that protects against unauthorized access.
- the mobility can request client authentication from the dispenser by sending a predefined CertificateRequest message.
- the dispenser can act to send the certificate to the mobility by sending a certificate and CertificateVerify message.
- Mobility When Mobility sends a certificate request message along with a handshake message such as ServerHello, if the dispenser does not send a certificate verification message along with the certificate, it can abort the TLS handshake by sending an alert message with the "certificate_required" alert code.
- a handshake message such as ServerHello
- step (S402) can be illustrated by the following Table 4.
- Type Description Use case name UC-2 “Communication Security” Objectives /Vehicle and Dispenser establish a secure channel over the discovered communication channel to achieve communication security goals including confidentiality, integrity, and privacy.
- Short Description After the physical and data-link layer connection is made between vehicle and dispenser, they setup layer-3 and establish a TCP connection, then perform a TLS handshake to authenticate and exchange keys to establish a secure communication channel.
- Pre-conditions Vehicle and dispenser performed discovery and pairing use case successfully and made a data-link layer connection. Credentials necessary for the authentication and key exchange are prepared.
- Post-conditions Dispenser authenticated the vehicle and the vehicle authenticated dispenser successfully. Communication channel between vehicle and dispenser are encrypted and integrity protected.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining a communication protocol negotiation step (S403) that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the step of negotiating a communication protocol may include a step of transmitting a message including information on a first communication protocol applicable to the mobility to the dispenser (S1110); and a step of receiving a message including information on a second communication protocol selected from among common communication protocols applicable between the mobility and the dispenser from the dispenser (S1130).
- the dispenser may receive a message including information on a first communication protocol applicable to the mobility from the mobility (S1110), compare the first communication protocol with the communication protocol applicable to the dispenser, select a second communication protocol among common communication protocols applicable between the mobility and the dispenser, and transmit a message including information on the selected second communication protocol to the mobility (S1130).
- a step may further be included before step (S1110) in which the dispenser requests the mobility for information including a list of first communication protocols applicable to the mobility.
- an embodiment may be provided in which the dispenser first transmits a message containing information about its applicable communication protocol to the mobility, the mobility then selects a specific communication protocol among the common communication protocols, and transmits a message containing information about the selected specific communication protocol to the dispenser.
- step (S403) can be illustrated by the following Table 5.
- Type Description Use case name UC-3 “Communication Protocol Negotiation” Objectives Vehicle and Dispenser determine which communication protocol to use throughout the fueling. Short Description Once TLS handshake is successfully finished, the vehicle and the dispenser negotiates on the communication protocol to use throughout the fueling session. The negotiation starts when the vehicle sends a list of its supported protocols and then the dispenser picks a common protocol supported by both and the vehicle prefers the most. Pre-conditions A secure authenticated communication channel is established using TLS 1.3. Post-conditions The vehicle and the dispenser reached an agreement on which communication protocol to use for their fueling communication.
- the contents of the message transmitted and received in step (S1110) can be illustrated by the following Table 6.
- Information about the first communication protocol may include at least one of an index of the first communication protocol, a name of the first communication protocol, a version of the first communication protocol, and a preference for the first communication protocol.
- the contents of the response message transmitted and received in step (S1130) can be illustrated by the following Table 7.
- a response message containing information about a second communication protocol may further contain information on whether the communication protocol negotiation was successful or not.
- the above-described communication protocol negotiation procedure is a procedure for identifying a communication protocol to be followed during a fueling session of hydrogen fueling after the vehicle and the dispenser discover and pair each other on a compatible communication channel.
- the dispenser may take the initiative to exchange communication protocols and parameters with the vehicle.
- a communication method can perform the step (S401) of performing a discovery and pairing process with a dispenser using a first communication technology.
- the step of negotiating the fuel supply protocol (S404) and the step of negotiating the fuel supply parameters (S405) described later can be performed using the second communication technology.
- step S401 of performing the discovery and pairing process information on interoperability and/or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser can be shared.
- step (S401) of performing the discovery and pairing process may be updated due to changes in the communication environment and changes in environmental variables related to hydrogen fuel supply.
- the communication protocol negotiation procedure can be implemented by all available communication protocols to ensure successful negotiation between different fueling protocols for each communication technology.
- a fueling protocol using a communication technology such as WLAN can use a protocol commonly supported by the vehicle and the dispenser (hereinafter also referred to as a “common protocol”) to determine the communication protocol to be used in the hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process.
- common protocol a protocol commonly supported by the vehicle and the dispenser
- hydrogen fueling communication-related standards can include SAE J2601 series, ISO 19885-3, ISO 19885-4, etc.
- the communication mode can include No comm., IrDA, XYZ (ISO), etc.
- the fueling method can include a table-based fueling method such as a lookup table, an MC formula-based fueling method, etc.
- the communication level can include UCDC levels, and other parameters can include pressure class, CHSS (compressed hydrogen storage system) category, fueling tables, etc.
- the mobility or dispenser may be configured to further perform a process of falling back to a lower type or lower UCDC level of the other party depending on the mutual type or UCDC level identified in the communication protocol negotiation procedure.
- the mobility and the dispenser can revert to the communication protocol negotiation procedure and perform the negotiation procedures again.
- the prioritized communication protocols may include protocols having priorities as exemplified in Table 6 described below.
- the dispenser can transmit a response message including a specific protocol ( ⁇ selected protocol>) selected from the protocol list to the mobility (S1130).
- the specific protocol may be a common protocol selected by the dispenser, supported by both the dispenser and the mobility, and having the highest priority preferred by the mobility, for example, the ISO 19885-3-2023-UCDC-3 protocol (see Table 6).
- a common protocol allows the mobility and dispenser to reach agreement on the communication protocol to be used for fueling communication.
- the mobility can prioritize the communication protocols it supports.
- the mobility can provide the prioritized communication protocols to the dispenser.
- An example of the prioritized communication protocols is as shown in Table 8 below.
- Fueling protocol negotiation is the process by which the vehicle and the dispenser find and agree on a fueling protocol to be used for the fueling session. In this step, the vehicle and the dispenser can select the communication protocol that the vehicle prefers the most among the protocols that they both support.
- a hydrogen fueling communication protocol negotiation method is a hydrogen fueling communication protocol negotiation method performed by a communication control device of hydrogen fuel mobility (100), comprising: a step (S1110) of transmitting a first message including a list of at least one first fueling protocol supported by the mobility (100) and a first communication protocol required to execute the at least one first fueling protocol to a communication entity associated with a dispenser (200); and a step (S1130) of receiving a response message including a second communication protocol selected from at least one first communication protocol from the communication entity associated with the dispenser (200).
- the communication entity associated with the dispenser (200) may be an electronic control device (210) of the dispenser (200), a separate communication device mounted on the dispenser (200), or an electronic control device or separate communication device within the charging station system (200) may communicate with the vehicle/mobility (100) in place of the dispenser (200).
- the first message may include priority information based on the preference of mobility (100) as shown in Table 6.
- each message may be defined based on Tables 4 to 6.
- the response message may include a second communication protocol selected from at least one first communication protocol based on priority information based on preference.
- the mobility (100) side or the dispenser (200) side alone or in cooperation with each other may select the second communication protocol based on priority information based on preference.
- the act of finally transmitting an approval message to the other party to finish the protocol negotiation process (finished) may be mainly performed on the mobility (100) side, but may be modified to be performed on the dispenser (200) side.
- the dispenser (200) may first send a list of supported protocols, and the mobility (100) may feed back the selected protocol.
- the response message may include at least one first communication protocol and a second communication protocol selected from among common communication protocols common to the protocols supported by the dispenser (200).
- the response message may include a second communication protocol determined according to a fall back device type based on interoperability and backward compatibility between the mobility (100) and the dispenser (200) among a plurality of first communication protocols required to execute the first fuel supply protocol by the control device of the dispenser (200).
- the No comm. communication standard is selected as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, and a hydrogen fuel supply protocol according to the No comm. communication standard is selected according to a predetermined rule so that hydrogen can be supplied.
- steps (S404) to (S405) described below may be simplified or omitted.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404) among a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a step (S404) of negotiating a fuel supply protocol may include a step (S1210) of transmitting a message including information on a first fuel supply protocol applicable to mobility to a dispenser based on a result of communication protocol negotiation (S403); and a step (S1230) of receiving a message including information on a second fuel supply protocol selected from among fuel supply protocols commonly applicable between mobility and the dispenser from the dispenser.
- a message including information on at least one first fuel supply protocol applicable in mobility as a hydrogen fuel supply protocol supporting the selected second communication protocol can be transmitted to the dispenser (S1210).
- the dispenser can select common protocols among the fuel supply protocol applicable to the dispenser and the first fuel supply protocol as a hydrogen fuel supply protocol supporting the second communication protocol, and select the second fuel supply protocol from the selected common fuel supply protocols.
- the second fuel supply protocol can be selected based on interoperability and/or compatibility, and the second fuel supply protocol can be selected by applying a preference set by mobility or the dispenser.
- the dispenser may receive a message including information on a first fuel supply protocol applicable to the mobility from the mobility (S1210), compare the first fuel supply protocol with the fuel supply protocol applicable to the dispenser, select a second fuel supply protocol among common fuel supply protocols applicable between the mobility and the dispenser, and transmit a message including information on the selected second fuel supply protocol to the mobility (S1130).
- step (S1210) in which the dispenser requests the mobility for information including a list of first fuel supply protocols applicable to the mobility.
- an embodiment may be provided in which the dispenser first transmits a message containing information about its applicable fueling protocol to the mobility, the mobility then selects a specific fueling protocol from among the common fueling protocols, and transmits a message containing information about the selected specific fueling protocol to the dispenser.
- step (S404) can be illustrated by the following Table 9.
- Type Description Use case name UC-4 “Fueling Protocol Negotiation” Objectives Vehicle and Dispenser determine which fueling protocol to use for the fueling. Short Description Once communication protocol selection is done, the vehicle and the dispenser negotiates on the fuelling protocol to use for the fuelling. The negotiation starts when the vehicle sends a list of its supported protocols and then the dispenser picks a common protocol supported by both and the vehicle prefers the most. Pre-conditions A communication protocol is selected. Post-conditions The vehicle and the dispenser reached an agreement on which fueling protocol to use for their fueling.
- the contents of the message transmitted and received in step (S1210) can be illustrated by the following Table 10.
- FuellingProtocolType Fueling protocols supported by the vehicle FuellingProtocolType idx Unsigned integer Index of the protocol Name String Name of the protocol Ver String Version of the protocol subprot String Optional: Name of the sub-protocol pref Unsigned integer Preference of protocols. Smaller number represents higher preference.
- Information about the first fuel supply protocol may include at least one of an index of the first fuel supply protocol, a name of the first fuel supply protocol, a version of the first fuel supply protocol, a sub-protocol of the first fuel supply protocol, and a preference for the first fuel supply protocol.
- the contents of the response message transmitted and received in step (S1230) can be illustrated by the following Table 11.
- a message containing information about a second fuel supply protocol may further contain information on whether the fuel supply protocol negotiation was successful.
- the content of the message transmitted in step (S1210) according to one embodiment of the present invention can be represented as shown in Table 12 below.
- mobility can provide the dispenser with parameter information in the form of a table, including an arbitrarily assigned name for the supported fuel supply method or fuel supply protocol, information on the revision date (year) or version, information on whether a sub-protocol is available, and preference information.
- the dispenser may proactively exchange its own communication protocol and parameters with the mobility instead of the mobility, and may also provide priority to communication protocols supported by the dispenser to the mobility.
- PRHYDE PROtocol for heavy-duty HYDrogEn refueling
- RTR-HFP is presented by a type of protocol concept that improves fueling efficiency based on real-time communication
- ANN-MPC may be presented by a type of protocol concept that collects and analyzes data from refueling sites and applies predictions to actual refueling situations.
- the dispenser can select the fuel supply protocol corresponding to index 2 and transmit a response message including the result code OK to the mobility.
- the dispenser may send a response message to the mobility containing information indicating that there is no common protocol (e.g., FAIL_NO_COMMON_PROTOCOL) in the ResultCode field.
- Table 13 and Table 14 can be similarly applied in a case where the dispenser responds with mobility by selecting a second communication protocol among the common communication protocols in step (S1130) of FIG. 11.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining a fueling parameter exchange/negotiation step (S405) that can be employed in a hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel supply parameter exchange/negotiation step (S405) may include a step in which the mobility and the dispenser exchange detailed parameters necessary for executing the fueling protocol.
- the step (S405) of negotiating fuel supply parameters may include a step (S1310) of transmitting a message including information on fuel supply parameters on the mobility side required by the second fuel supply protocol selected as a result of the fuel supply protocol negotiation (S404) to the dispenser; and a step (S1350) of receiving a message including compatibility information on the dispenser side for the fuel supply parameters on the mobility side from the dispenser.
- the step of negotiating the fuel supply parameters may include the step of receiving a message from the dispenser including information on the fuel supply parameters of the dispenser side required by the second fuel supply protocol selected as a result of the fuel supply protocol negotiation (S404) (S1330); and the step of transmitting a message including compatibility information on the mobility side for the fuel supply parameters of the dispenser side to the dispenser (S1370).
- Mobility can transmit a message containing information about fuel supply parameters on the mobility side at step (S1310) to the dispenser while setting the Accepted field for the corresponding parameters to ⁇ pending>.
- the dispenser can transmit a message containing information about fuel supply parameters on the dispenser side at step (S1330) while setting the Accepted field for the corresponding parameters to ⁇ pending> to the mobility.
- Mobility can respond to the dispenser by sending a message including information on fuel supply parameters on the dispenser side as a response message to the message received in step (S1330) and setting the Accepted field for the corresponding parameters to ⁇ OK> or ⁇ true> (S1350).
- the dispenser may respond to the message received in step (S1310) by sending a message including information on fuel supply parameters on the mobility side, while setting the Accepted field for the corresponding parameters to ⁇ OK> or ⁇ true>, to the mobility (S1370).
- the mobility and dispenser can respond by indicating whether each of the fuel supply parameters is Accepted or not.
- the Accepted field of the parameters that are not agreed upon can be marked as ⁇ false>.
- Mobility and dispensers can reach agreement on all parameters by repeatedly sending and receiving messages and responding to those messages.
- the parameters being exchanged may include parameters to support fueling method compatibility, parameters for physical characteristics, monitoring parameters, acceptance related parameters, etc.
- the parameters related to compatibility support include pressure class, CHSS category, etc.
- the parameters related to physical characteristics include maximum allowable CHSS pressure, maximum allowable CHSS temperature, maximum allowable speed, CHSS volume, etc.
- the monitoring parameters include current CHSS pressure, current CHSS temperature, etc.
- the parameters related to acceptance may include information indicating whether it is accepted or not, for example, a parameter indicating yes (true) or no (false).
- the above-mentioned parameters may each be set with information on one of the pre-specified levels or set values and information on the main UCDC levels that are different or the same.
- the dispenser can transmit an OK message to the mobility indicating that it has received and accepted information about the supportable parameters ( ⁇ DIS's parameters>) (shortly ⁇ DIS's params>) and the parameters of the mobility (S1330, S1370).
- Secondary parameters related to fuel supply parameter exchange/negotiation may include parameters for supporting fuel supply method compatibility, parameters for physical characteristics, parameters related to fueling goals, monitoring parameters, acceptance related parameters, etc.
- the parameters related to compatibility support include fueling delivery temperature, selected fueling table, etc.
- the parameters related to physical characteristics include maximum fuel delivery pressure, maximum fuel delivery temperature, minimum fuel delivery temperature, maximum fuel delivery speed, etc.
- the parameters related to fueling targets include target SOC, target final CHSS pressure, target final CHSS temperature, target APR, expected fueling duration, etc.
- the monitoring parameters include current fuel delivery temperature, ambient temperature, etc.
- the parameters related to acceptance may include parameters such as accepted.
- the above-mentioned parameters may each be set with information on one of preset levels or set values and information on different or identical main UCDC levels.
- the mobility can provide the dispenser with parameters listed in a table format.
- the listed parameters include FCEV parameters compatible with the UCDC level negotiated during the fuel supply protocol negotiation phase.
- the mobility and the dispenser can exchange various parameters to determine whether they can perform a compatible fueling procedure.
- the information required to perform a safe and efficient fueling procedure can include compatibility parameters, physical characteristics, fueling targets, monitoring parameters, etc.
- Compatibility parameters may include, for example, pressure rating, fuel delivery transmission temperature, etc.
- physical characteristics may include, for example, maximum CHSS pressure, maximum flow rate, etc.
- fuel delivery targets may include target SOC, target CHSS pressure, etc.
- monitoring parameters may include current CHSS temperature, ambient temperature, etc.
- the FCEV may return to the communication protocol negotiation phase to attempt to negotiate another protocol or to stop fueling to the dispenser.
- the FCEV may be configured to propose to the dispenser a set of supported protocols, excluding the protocols that failed in the fueling parameter exchange phase.
- the vehicle and the dispenser can negotiate specific parameters for the fueling protocol, communicate static or dynamic states, and exchange detailed fueling parameters to determine the fueling target.
- the fueling parameter negotiation fails due to incompatibility, it can go back to UC-3 to select another fueling protocol, or it can go back to UC-1 to select another communication protocol, and if these are not performed properly, the current communication can be terminated.
- some fueling protocols can be performed on a Non Comm. basis. Some fueling protocols may require unidirectional IrDA to be performed. Some fueling protocols may require bidirectional communication to be performed. Some fueling protocols may require both bidirectional communication and unidirectional IrDA to be performed.
- a given UCDC level or a higher UCDC level may be required for a certain fueling protocol to be performed.
- At least one fueling protocol may be proposed based on the type or type of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the type or type of the dispenser.
- the proposed fueling protocols may be proposed with different priorities. While considering the priorities of the proposed fueling protocols, the communication protocol and the fueling protocol between the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the dispenser may be finally determined based on whether the communication protocol required by the fueling protocol is supported by the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and/or the dispenser.
- either the mobility or the dispenser may first transmit fuel supply parameters to the other party, and the other party may respond with a message including newly reconfigured fuel supply parameters by keeping parameters it accepts among the received fuel supply parameters and changing parameters it does not accept.
- the mobility and the dispenser may perform parameter negotiation in stages.
- the mobility and the dispenser may first negotiate some of the parameters, and then perform an exchange/negotiation process for sub-parameters of the parameters for which an agreement has been reached.
- each message including fuel supply parameters may be configured to be considered as not reaching an agreement if no response message is received within a preset message processing time.
- Table 15 illustrates the contents of a message including fuel supply parameters on the mobility side according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Table 16 illustrates the contents of a message including fuel supply parameters on the dispenser side according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the mobility and the dispenser can generate a message with range/values for the supportable parameters (fueling parameters) and transmit it to the other party.
- Parameters may include physical characteristic related parameters (simply referred to as 'physical parameters'), monitoring parameters, safety policy related parameters, acceptance related parameters, etc.
- the physical parameters include receptacle type, pressure class, CHSS category, CHSS type, CHSS capacity, maximum allowable CHSS pressure, maximum allowable CHSS temperature, maximum allowable speed, etc.
- the monitoring parameters include current CHSS pressure, current CHSS temperature, etc.
- the safety policy related parameters include emergency policy, safety enforcement level, etc.
- the acceptance related parameters may include information indicating whether it is accepted or not, such as a parameter indicating true, false, or pending.
- Parameters relevant to fuel supply parameter negotiation may include physical characteristic related parameters (hereinafter referred to as 'physical parameters'), monitoring parameters, fuel supply target related parameters, safety policy related parameters, and acceptance related parameters.
- 'physical parameters' physical characteristic related parameters
- monitoring parameters fuel supply target related parameters
- safety policy related parameters safety policy related parameters
- acceptance related parameters acceptance related parameters
- the physical parameters include fueling delivery temperature, maximum fuel delivery pressure, maximum fuel delivery temperature, minimum fuel delivery temperature, maximum fuel delivery speed, etc.
- the monitoring parameters include current fuel delivery temperature, ambient temperature, etc.
- the fueling target related parameters include selected fueling table, target SOC, target final CHSS pressure, target final CHSS temperature, target APR, expected fueling time, etc.
- the acceptance related parameters may include parameters such as accepted, etc.
- the above-mentioned parameters may each be set with information on one of preset levels or set values and information on different or identical main UCDC levels.
- FCEV can provide the dispenser with parameters listed in a table format.
- the listed parameters include FCEV parameters compatible with the UCDC level negotiated during the fuel supply protocol negotiation phase.
- the dispenser can respond with its own fuel supply parameters by transmitting a fuel supply parameter negotiation response message with the “result” set to “OK” to the FCEV within a preset message response time.
- the dispenser may respond by sending a fuel supply parameter negotiation response message to the FCEV with the "result" set to "fail” to indicate incompatibility with the FCEV in question.
- the result may indicate a value or information contained in the result code field, and the failure may be expressed as a failure at a specific time, for example, 'fail_incompat', indicating incompatibility.
- the FCEV may indicate the incompatibility to the dispenser by sending an error notification request message with the “reason” set to each predefined error code.
- the use case for safety check-in can be used to verify that all safety conditions are met by the vehicle and the dispenser. This step is optional, but it is recommended to define a dedicated safety check-in procedure in the fuel delivery protocol to ensure the desired safety level in a precise and explicit manner.
- FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a table of parameters transmitted from the mobility side to the dispenser side in a fuel supply parameter negotiation/exchange process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a table of parameters transmitted from a dispenser to a mobility side in a fuel supply parameter negotiation/exchange process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a method for exchanging fuel supply parameters over communication for hydrogen fuel supply is a method for exchanging fuel supply parameters over communication for hydrogen fuel supply performed by a communication control device of hydrogen fuel mobility (100), comprising: a step (S1310) of transmitting a first parameter including at least one or more first hydrogen fueling method compatibility supported by the mobility (100) and at least one or more first physical characteristics to a communication entity related to a dispenser (200); and a step (S1370) of receiving, from the communication entity related to the dispenser (200), a response message including a second parameter including at least one or more second hydrogen fueling method compatibility supported by the dispenser (200), at least one or more second physical characteristics, and a fueling goal.
- the communication entity associated with the dispenser (200) may be an electronic control device (210) of the dispenser (200), a separate communication device mounted on the dispenser (200), or an electronic control device or separate communication device within the charging station system (200) may communicate with the vehicle/mobility (100) in place of the dispenser (200).
- the first parameter may further include a first monitoring parameter supported by the mobility (100).
- the second parameter may further include a second monitoring parameter supported by the dispenser (200).
- a parameter exchange process may be terminated based on an confirmation message (OK message) included in a response message.
- the parameter exchange process may be terminated when the mobility (100) and the dispenser (200) accept all exchanged parameters, or may be terminated when either party does not accept the exchanged parameters.
- the protocol negotiation process may be revisited or the fuel supply session may be terminated by a process to be described later.
- At least one first hydrogen fuel supply method compatibility may include at least one of a pressure class of mobility (100) and a fuel supply tank category (CHSS Category).
- a pressure class of mobility 100
- CHSS Category fuel supply tank category
- the at least one first physical characteristic may include at least one of a maximum allowed CHSS Pressure, a maximum allowed CHSS Temperature, a maximum allowed flow rate, and a CHSS volume.
- the first parameter may further include a parameter related to acceptance of mobility (100).
- the first monitoring parameter may include at least one of current fuel supply tank pressure (Current CHSS Pressure) and current fuel supply tank temperature (Current CHSS Temperature).
- At least one second fuel supply method compatibility may include at least one of a fueling delivery temperature of a dispenser (200) and a selected fueling table.
- the selected fueling table may include a sequence table of a fueling protocol selected during a protocol negotiation process, and may be included in an OK message of S1330.
- the at least one second physical characteristic may include at least one of a maximum fuel delivery pressure (Max Fuel Delivery Pressure), a maximum fuel delivery temperature (Max Fuel Delivery Temperature), a minimum fuel delivery temperature (Min Fuel Delivery Temperature), and a maximum fuel delivery flow rate (Max Fuel Delivery Flow Rate).
- the fuel supply target may include at least one of a target SoC, a target final CHSS pressure, a target final CHSS temperature, a target average fueling rate (APR), and an expected fueling duration.
- the second parameter may further include a parameter related to acceptance of the dispenser (200).
- the second monitoring parameter may include at least one of a current fuel delivery temperature and an ambient temperature.
- Mobility (100) can provide first parameters compatible with the UCDC level negotiated during the protocol negotiation process in the form of a table at step (S1310).
- the dispenser (200) may provide second parameters compatible with the UCDC level negotiated during the protocol negotiation process in the form of a table at step (S1330). At this time, the second parameters may be provided including a message indicating acceptance of the first parameters provided at step (S1310).
- the mobility (100) may re-perform the protocol negotiation process. Alternatively, if the mobility (100) or the dispenser (200) does not accept the exchanged parameters, the mobility (100) may terminate the fueling session.
- the mobility (100) may propose a set of supported protocols other than the protocols provided in the failed parameter exchange process.
- Table 17 illustrates the contents of a message including fuel supply parameters on the mobility side according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Table 18 illustrates the contents of a message including fuel supply parameters on the dispenser side according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- a communication method may further include a step of renegotiating at least one of a communication protocol and fuel supply parameters if the fuel supply parameters are incompatible between the mobility and the dispenser as a result of the fuel supply parameter negotiation (S405).
- the renegotiation step may perform steps (S403), (S404), and (S405) again.
- the process may go back to step (S403), perform renegotiation from step (S403), and then perform steps (S404) and (S405) sequentially again.
- the process may go back to step (S404), perform renegotiation from step (S404), and then perform step (S405) sequentially again.
- the renegotiation step may simplify steps (S403), (S404), and (S405) or omit some processes.
- steps (S403) and (S404) may be combined to negotiate the communication protocol and the fuel supply protocol together. For example, based on whether the communication protocol and the fuel supply protocol are mutually supported according to the compatibility and/or interoperability information identified in the preceding step (S401), the communication protocol and the fuel supply protocol may be negotiated together based on a protocol list that includes the communication protocol and the fuel supply protocol.
- the renegotiation step may be performed based on a list of communication protocols and fuel supply protocols other than the communication protocol or fuel supply protocol selected in the previous step (S403) and step (S404).
- a communication method may further include a step of determining a third communication protocol and a third fuel supply protocol based on a predetermined policy if the result of the fuel supply parameter negotiation (S405) determines that the fuel supply parameter is incompatible between the mobility and the dispenser; and a step of supplying hydrogen based on the third communication protocol and the third fuel supply protocol.
- the third fuel supply parameter may be determined based on the third fuel supply protocol, and the step of supplying hydrogen may be performed based on the third fuel supply protocol and the third fuel supply parameter.
- the dispenser can fall back to No Communication and supply hydrogen using a hydrogen fueling protocol based on No Communication.
- a communication method may perform a step (S409) of terminating communication between the dispenser and the mobility when the fuel supply parameters are incompatible between the mobility and the dispenser as a result of fuel supply parameter negotiation.
- a safety check-in step (S406) that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
- the mobility and dispenser including the mobility, can verify that all necessary safety conditions are met before the actual fuel supply begins.
- the mobility and dispenser can perform a safety check to ensure that the fuel supply is safe.
- the safety check may be performed implicitly within the protocol, and depending on the implementation, the safety check step (S406) may be omitted.
- the mobility and/or dispenser can check whether the nozzle-receptacle is secured, check for leaks, and check the last-minute status.
- the mobility can initiate the safe check-in step (S406) by transmitting a safe check-in request message to the dispenser within the message sequence setting time.
- the mobility and the dispenser can exchange messages for coupler check.
- the mobility can transmit a message including information indicating the result of its own coupler check (e.g., mobility: OK) to the dispenser, and the dispenser can transmit a message including information indicating the result of its own coupler check (e.g., DP: OK) to the mobility.
- a message including information indicating the result of its own coupler check e.g., mobility: OK
- DP DP: OK
- the mobility and the dispenser can exchange messages related to leak check of gas. While exchanging messages related to leak check, the dispenser can transmit information indicating that it is performing a leak check (ongoing) to the mobility. And the mobility can transmit information indicating that it is waiting for the leak check result of the dispenser (waiting) to the dispenser. When the leak check is completed, the dispenser can transmit a message requesting the measured tank volume together with information indicating that the leak check is completed (Done) to the mobility.
- the dispenser can send a message to the mobility for an immobilized status check, and the mobility can send a message to the dispenser indicating that it is ready for a status check.
- the dispenser can report parameters about the coupler lock status, leak check status, predicted mobility tank capacity, etc. to the mobility.
- fueling can begin.
- the mobility and the dispenser can exchange information to monitor various status parameters to ensure that the fueling is performed safely and efficiently. If necessary, the mobility or the dispenser can send a control message to control the fueling step (S406) or to request the other party to take action in response to a safety-related condition.
- the parameters and commands to be exchanged may vary depending on the actual fueling protocol.
- Step (S407) is a monitoring and control step that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the mobility and/or dispenser including the mobility can monitor the fuel supply status and control the fuel supply if necessary. If all safety checks are confirmed, the mobility and the dispenser can start supplying fuel according to the selected fuel supply protocol using the given parameters. During the fuel supply, the mobility and the dispenser can exchange various measurement data to determine the fuel supply status and operate to detect the occurrence of safety-critical accidents as quickly as possible.
- the mobility can send specific commands to the dispenser to control the fuel supply step (S407), such as starting and ending the fuel supply.
- the mobility can use UDP with DTLS for communication to support black channel communication.
- Black channel communication can refer to communication that applies the black channel principle, which ensures secure communication despite the output characteristics of the communication channel having unsecured properties or properties that are not related to the application.
- the mobility including the mobility can transmit a message to the dispenser to start fueling control, and in response, the dispenser can transmit a message including confirmation information (e.g., OK) to the mobility.
- confirmation information e.g., OK
- the mobility can send a message to the dispenser containing information about its fueling loop (e.g., x, y, z), and the dispenser can provide the mobility with a message containing information about its fueling loop corresponding to the mobility's fueling loop (e.g., a, b, c).
- the dispenser can provide the mobility with a message containing information about its fueling loop corresponding to the mobility's fueling loop (e.g., a, b, c).
- the mobility may transmit a fueling control request message to the dispenser that includes information to slow down or reduce the amount of fuel supplied, and the dispenser may transmit a response message to the mobility that includes information indicating a decrease in the fueling status (e.g., slowing).
- the mobility can transmit a fuel supply control request message requesting a stop of fuel supply to the dispenser, and the dispenser can transmit a fuel supply status response message including information on stopping or stopping fuel supply (stopping/stopped) to the mobility.
- the mobility and the dispenser can continuously or periodically exchange parameters related to the fuel supply status.
- the mobility can transmit the current tank temperature, the current tank pressure, etc. to the dispenser, and the dispenser can provide the mobility with parameters related to the start, stop, ramping up, ramping down of fuel supply, the current injection pressure, the subsequent fuel supply plan, etc.
- Request messages related to control transmitted from the mobility to the dispenser may include information or parameters regarding start, pause, resume, and terminate of fuel supply. Additionally, messages related to reporting transmitted from the mobility to the dispenser may include information or parameters regarding current tank temperature, current tank pressure, and the like.
- Messages related to reporting transmitted from the dispenser to the mobility may include information or parameters such as status information, current ambient temperature, current pressure ramp rate (PRR [Mbar/min]), deliver fuel flow rate (g/sec]), current fuel delivery temperature, pre-cooling temperature, current fuel delivery pressure, whether in use before full charge (full charge), whether in use of a cooled dispenser, whether in use of a fallback, reason for fueling stop, and current amount of hydrogen delivered.
- PRR current pressure ramp rate
- g/sec deliver fuel flow rate
- messages related to target parameter updates transmitted from the dispenser to the mobility may include information or parameters such as target final tank pressure, target final tank temperature, target fuel delivery APR, target SOC, current SOC, and estimated remaining duration.
- the mobility may transmit a fueling loop request message to the dispenser within the message sequence setting time after receiving the fueling parameter negotiation response message from the dispenser.
- the request message or response message related to the fueling loop may be transmitted as a DTLS message.
- the mobility and the dispenser including the mobility can verify that the quantity and the dispenser each meet all safety conditions via a safety check-out use case.
- This safety check-out step is optional, but it is desirable to define a dedicated safety check step (S407) in the fueling protocol to ensure the desired safety level in a precise and explicit manner.
- a safety check-out step (S408) that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication two-way process according to one embodiment of the present invention can be performed as follows.
- the mobility and the dispenser including the mobility can confirm, through the safety check-out step (S408), whether all necessary safety conditions are satisfied before separating the nozzle of the dispenser from the outlet.
- the mobility and the dispenser can confirm that it is absolutely safe for a user or worker to separate the nozzle from the mobility after the fuel supply is completed.
- the mobility can initiate safe checkout and perform the safe checkout step (S408) by transmitting a safe checkout request message to the dispenser within a message sequence setting time.
- the mobility and dispenser can iteratively report their status to each other until all safety checks are confirmed. If the hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process does not require such safety checks at the end, the use case for safety checkout can be omitted.
- the mobility can transmit a message including information about the result of a coupler check (e.g., OK) to the dispenser, and the dispenser can transmit a message including information indicating that a coupler check is in progress (e.g., Ongoing) to the mobility.
- a coupler check e.g., OK
- the dispenser can transmit a message including information indicating that a coupler check is in progress (e.g., Ongoing) to the mobility.
- the mobility can transmit a message containing coupler check result information (e.g., OK) back to the dispenser, and the dispenser can transmit a message containing coupler check completion information (e.g., Done) to the mobility.
- coupler check result information e.g., OK
- coupler check completion information e.g., Done
- the nozzle of the dispenser can be separated from the receptacle of the mobility by the user or operator.
- the report message transmitted from the dispenser to the mobility may include information or parameters regarding the coupler unlock status.
- the coupler unlock status information may include information regarding locked, unlocked, icing, problem, etc.
- the termination use case (UC9) can be performed.
- a termination step (S409) that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention can be performed as follows.
- the termination step (S409) is the final step of the fuel supply, and the mobility including the mobility and the dispenser can exchange information about the fuel supply result regarding the fuel supply performance and method, and/or information about the reason for the unexpected interruption of the fuel supply, thereby completing all steps (S409) for the hydrogen fuel supply.
- the termination use case can also be configured to handle tasks related to a non-safety-critical issue if one occurs.
- the mobility including the mobility can transmit a message to the dispenser for querying how much fuel has been supplied.
- the dispenser can transmit a response message including information about the amount of hydrogen supplied (e.g., X grams) to the mobility in response to the query message of the mobility.
- the book-keeping information may include all information related to hydrogen fueling recorded in the mobility or dispenser according to preset rules or policies throughout all fueling sessions for hydrogen fueling and prior to completing the termination step (S409) of use case 9 (UC9).
- the error handling step (S410) defines non-safety-critical error conditions and provides exemplary error conditions and possible responses.
- Examples of communication errors may include a loss of communication, unrecognizable received data due to encoding or syntax errors, or received data being out of range.
- System errors may include instances where the dispenser or mobility detects a critical system error on its own.
- qualitative errors may include instances where the quality of communication performance does not meet a required level, or where the quality of data integrity or accuracy does not meet a required level.
- the hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process of the present embodiment can perform the following specific error handling steps (S410) such as (1) to (4) for the above-described error conditions.
- Mobility and Dispenser will immediately stop supplying fuel, but may take safe action and terminate the session by stopping communication.
- the fuel supply protocol can define a fallback mechanism, for example, by defining a non-communication fuel supply method.
- the mobility may send a termination request message to the dispenser with “action” set to “stop” and “reason” set to an appropriate reason code.
- the dispenser may first immediately stop fuel supply and send a termination request message to the mobility with “Action” set to “Stop” and “Reason” set to an appropriate reason or reason code.
- the hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process including the fueling protocol can define error conditions related to the fueling protocol, provide detection criteria, and perform an error handling step (S410) including a notification, a termination step (S410), and a fallback mechanism when an error is detected by the detection criteria.
- S410 error handling step
- S410 a notification, a termination step (S410), and a fallback mechanism when an error is detected by the detection criteria.
- An emergency handling step (S411) that can be employed in a hydrogen fuel supply communication two-way process according to one embodiment of the present invention can be performed as follows.
- the emergency handling step (S411) may define safety critical conditions requiring emergency response during fuel supply and may include response processes to prevent safety critical accidents.
- the emergency handling step (S411) can define safety-critical emergency conditions and possible responses to emergency conditions, and provide critical cases to consider.
- a fueling protocol may define emergency conditions relevant to the protocol, provide detection criteria and performance requirements, and prescribe response steps (S411) to ensure that a hazardous situation is not reached.
- the mobility may transmit a first emergency stop request message including information requesting fuel supply stop due to high pressure (e.g., Emg: Stop (high pressure)) to the dispenser.
- the dispenser may transmit a response message including information indicating that it is processing emergency fuel supply stop (e.g., Emg: Stopping) to the mobility according to the first emergency stop request message.
- the dispenser may transmit a second emergency stop request message including information (e.g., Emg: Stopping (leaking)) indicating that it is processing a fuel supply stop due to the leak to the mobility.
- the mobility may transmit a response message including information (e.g., Emg: Confirmed) indicating that it has confirmed the second emergency stop request message to the dispenser.
- the dispenser may transmit a third emergency stop notification message to the mobility, which includes information indicating that it has processed a fuel supply stop due to a leak (e.g., Emg: Stopped (leaking)).
- the mobility may transmit a response message to the dispenser, which includes information indicating that it has confirmed the third emergency stop notification message (e.g., Emg: Confirmed).
- the mobility or dispenser can immediately respond according to the action indicated in the emergency notification message and terminate the communication without undue delay.
- the emergency notification message includes a header and a message that is a body connected to the header, the header includes information indicating that it is an emergency notification, and the message can include values or information or parameters for the class, type, and action of the emergency notification.
- the emergency notification message described above may be transmitted as a TLS or DTLS message, depending on the technology used for communication.
- Short Description Once fueling parameters are exchanged and vehicle and dispenser are considered compatible, vehicle and dispenser performs safety condition checks and pairing checks to make sure the fuelling is safe and the communication is reliable. Depending on the fueling protocol and the communication physical layer, the safety checks can be implicitly done within the protocol or physical association and this step may be omitted. Pre-conditions Necessary fueling parameters are exchanged. Post-conditions The vehicle and the dispenser confirmed all the safety conditions and correctness of the pairing, and ready to begin fueling.
- the fuel supply protocol can perform the safety check-in step (S406).
- the mobility and dispenser can recheck the pairing before dispensing hydrogen during the safety check-in step (S406).
- the mobility and dispenser can recheck the pairing before dispensing hydrogen during the safety check-in step (S406).
- the mobility can transmit a message (e.g. SafetyCheckInReq) indicating the start of the safety check-in step (S406) to the dispenser within a predetermined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- a message e.g. FuelParamNegoRes
- the mobility can transmit a message (e.g. SafetyCheckInReq) indicating the start of the safety check-in step (S406) to the dispenser within a predetermined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- step (S405) if a message indicating completion of step (S405) is transmitted by one of the mobility and the dispenser to the other, that one or the other may transmit a message indicating the start of the safety check-in step (S406).
- messages transmitted and received in the safety check-in step (S406) may be defined based on the contents of each fuel supply protocol specified in a standard such as, for example, ISO 19885-3.
- the message transmitted and received in the safety check-in step (S406) may include a result value of processing the request message as a result element.
- the result value that may be provided as the result element may include, for example, 'OK' in case of success, 'FAILED' in case of failure, and 'PENDING' in other cases.
- the dispenser can respond to the mobility with a SafetyCheckInRes message with safety-check parameters within the MessageResponseTimeout time interval.
- the mobility can send another SafetyCheckInReq message to the dispenser within the MessageResponseTimeout time interval.
- the dispenser can send another SafetyCheckInReq message to the mobility within the MessageResponseTimeout time interval.
- the mobility or dispenser When the mobility or dispenser cannot confirm all safety conditions within a given time (e.g. UCSafetyCheckInTimeout), it can send an ErrNotifReq message with the "reason" field set to an appropriate error code.
- UCSafetyCheckInTimeout e.g. UCSafetyCheckInTimeout
- the mobility or dispenser may transmit a request message to the counterpart indicating the start of a safe check-in, and the counterpart may respond with a response message to the request message for a safe check-in within a predetermined time period.
- Type Description Use case name UC-7 “Fuelling control and monitoring” Objectives Vehicle and Dispenser monitors the fueling status and control the fueling if necessary. Short Description Once all the safety checks are confirmed, the vehicle and dispenser starts the fuelling according to the chosen fuelling protocol with given parameters. During the fuelling, vehicle and dispenser exchange various measured data to understand the fuelling status and detect any safety-critical incidents as early as possible. Vehicle can also submit certain commands to dispenser to control the fuelling procedure, such as starting and ending the fuelling.To support black-channel communication, UDP with DTLS is used for the communication. Pre-conditions All the safety checks are confirmed and vehicle and dispenser are ready to fuel. Post-conditions The fuelling is finished successfully.
- the fuel supply protocol can perform the monitoring and control step (S407).
- the fuel supply protocol can perform the monitoring and control step (S407).
- the dispenser can perform all necessary steps to supply fuel to the mobility.
- the mobility may transmit a message (e.g., FuelLoopReq message) to the dispenser requesting the start of the monitoring and control phase (S407) within a predetermined time interval (e.g., MessageSequenceTimeout) after receiving the SafetyCheckInRes message or, in an embodiment where the safety check-in phase (S406) is omitted, after receiving the FuelParamNegoRes message.
- a message e.g., FuelLoopReq message
- S407 e.g., MessageSequenceTimeout
- the mobility can send a message (e.g. FuelLoopReq message) to the dispenser requesting the start of the monitoring and control phase (S407) within a predefined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- a message e.g. FuelLoopReq message
- S407 the start of the monitoring and control phase
- a predefined time interval e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout
- 0-RTT may not be used for DTLS session resumption.
- Both the FuelLoopReq and its response messages can be sent following the DTLS message specification.
- the fueling protocol can specify static or dynamic data to be included within FuelLoopReq and FuelLoopRes to monitor fueling status and exchange safety-related information.
- Element names included in the FuelLoopReq message may include action, reason, etc., and may be illustrated by Table 22 below. Elements not illustrated in Table 22 below may be specified by each fuel supply protocol standard, such as ISO 19885-3, for example.
- the element names included in the message transmitted and received in step S407 may include status, reason, result, etc., and may be illustrated by Table 23 below. Elements not illustrated in the contents of Table 23 below may be specified by each fuel supply protocol standard, such as ISO 19885-3, for example.
- Semantics status statusType Optional - preparing - precooling - fuelling - standby - faulted - ramping up - ramping down - stopping - finished - stopped_error - stopped_requested - stopped_unknown - (Any custom status codes defined by fueling protocol) reason reasonType Optional:Reason for stopping when the fueling is stopped abnormally result resultType Result of processing the request message. 'OK' if successful. ‘FAILED’ otherwise. See Table XYZ for the list of result codes.
- the dispenser can be expected to conduct an action.
- the mobility can send the message with "action" set to the desired action code.
- the action code can be defined by the fueling protocol.
- the dispenser can respond with a FuelLoopRes message within a predefined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- a FuelLoopRes message within a predefined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- the dispenser can send a FuelLoopRes message with "result” set to "OK” if the received FuelLoopReq message was successfully processed.
- the dispenser may send a FuelLoopRes message with "result” set to "FAILED” or another appropriate error code if the received FuelLoopReq message was not successfully processed.
- a dispenser may transmit a FuelLoopRes message with "status" set to one of the supported codes specified in Table 23 or the fueling protocol.
- the dispenser may send a FuelLoopRes message with "status" set to "finished” when fueling is complete (done) and the intended fueling goal has been achieved.
- the dispenser can send a FuelLoopRes message with "status” set to "stop_error” and “reason” set to the appropriate reason code if fueling is stopped for any error-related reason.
- a dispenser can send a FuelLoopRes message with "status” set to “stopping” if the most recent FuelLoopReq message had "action” set to "stop” and fueling has not been completely stopped.
- a dispenser can send a FuelLoopRes message with "status” set to "stopped_requested” if the most recent FuelLoopReq message had "action” set to "stop” and fueling has been completely stopped.
- a mobility can send a FuelLoopReq message within a predefined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- a predefined time interval e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout
- the mobility or dispenser can immediately send an EmergencyReq message, stop the fueling procedure, and close the communication.
- step S407 has been described focusing on an embodiment in which the mobility requests the start of each step and the dispenser responds, the idea of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- either the mobility or the dispenser can first transmit a message requesting the start of step S407, and the other party can perform step S407 by responding to the message requesting the start of step S407.
- the message transmitted by either the mobility or the dispenser may include a request for monitoring regarding the status of the hydrogen fueling procedure.
- the response message to which the counterpart responds may include information regarding the requested monitoring target status.
- the state and related parameters that can be the target of the monitoring request may include the parameter set exchanged in step (S405).
- the state and related parameters that can be the target of the monitoring request may include the state and parameters of the mobility or the dispenser.
- the state and related parameters that can be the target of the monitoring request may include the fueling state and/or related parameters of the mobility and/or the dispenser that are changed or maintained by the hydrogen fueling procedure.
- the status that may be the subject of the monitoring request may include the status and/or information of the procedure itself in which fueling is performed from the dispenser to the mobility. For example, information may be included such as whether the fueling procedure is ongoing, paused, terminated, and/or, if stopped/terminated, whether it was stopped due to an error or finished due to the achievement of a goal.
- Type Description Use case name UC-8 "Safety Check-out" Objectives Vehicle and Dispenser confirms that all the necessary safety conditions are met before the nozzle can be detached from the receptacle Short Description After the fueling has been finished, the vehicle and dispenser ensure that it is absolutely safe for the user or operator to unplug the nozzle from the vehicle. The vehicle and dispenser repeatedly report their condition until the safety checks are all. This use case may be omitted if the fueling protocol does not require such safety checks at the end. Pre-conditions Fuelling is finished. Post-conditions It is safe to unplug the nozzle from the receptacle.
- a safety checkout step (S408) can be performed to ensure that the mobility and the dispenser meet safety conditions.
- This step (S408) is optional but it is strongly recommended that a dedicated safety checkout procedure be defined by the fueling protocol to ensure the desired level of safety in a precise and explicit manner.
- Information exchange during the safety checkout step can be used for the purpose of diagnosis and determination of responsibility when a safety-related incident occurs.
- the fueling protocol can perform the safety checkout step (S408).
- a fueling protocol compliant with ISO 19885-2 can define a set of safety conditions to be confirmed between the mobility and the dispenser prior to unplugging the nozzle.
- the mobility can send a message (e.g. SafetyCheckOutReq) to the dispenser over the TLS channel requesting the start of the safe checkout step (S408) within a predefined time interval (e.g. MessageSequenceTimeout).
- a message e.g. SafetyCheckOutReq
- the mobility can re-establish the TCP/TLS channel with the dispenser.
- the re-establishment process can be initiated by a TLS-resumption handshake using the NewSessionTicket received before sending the SafetyCheckOutReq message.
- a message requesting the start of step (S408) may be transmitted by either the mobility or the dispenser to the other party.
- the other party may perform step (S408) by responding to the message requesting the start of step (S408).
- messages transmitted and received in the safe check-out step (S408) may be defined based on the contents of each fuel supply protocol specified in a standard such as ISO 19885-3, for example.
- the message transmitted and received in the safe checkout step (S408) may include a result value of processing the request message as a result type.
- the result value that may be provided as the result type may include, for example, 'OK' in case of success, 'FAILED' in case of failure, and 'PENDING' in other cases.
- the dispenser can respond to the mobility with a SafetyCheckOutRes message with safety-check parameters within the MessageResponseTimeout time interval.
- the dispenser confirms that all safety conditions are met when sending a SafetyCheckOutRes message to the mobility, the result value of that message can be set to "OK".
- the mobility can send another SafetyCheckOutReq message to the dispenser within the MessageResponseTimeout time interval.
- the dispenser can send another SafetyCheckOutReq message to the mobility within the MessageResponseTimeout time interval.
- the mobility or dispenser When the mobility or dispenser cannot confirm all safety conditions within a given time (e.g. UCSafetyCheckOutTimeout), it can send an ErrNotifReq message with the "reason" field set to an appropriate error code.
- UCSafetyCheckOutTimeout e.g. UCSafetyCheckOutTimeout
- either the mobility or the dispenser can transmit a request message to the other party indicating the start of a safe checkout, and the other party can respond with a response message to the request message for a safe checkout within a predetermined time period.
- the fuel supply protocol in the monitoring and control step (S407), if a non-critical error is found and the fuel supply is interrupted before the fuel supply is completed, the fuel supply protocol can define a fallback mechanism that ensures backward compatibility among the mutually compatible mechanisms between the mobility and the dispenser, and can resume and finish the fuel supply based on the fallback mechanism.
- the fallback mechanism at this time could be, for example, a non-communication fueling method.
- the mobility and the dispenser may re-perform some or all of the communication protocol negotiation step (S403), the fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404), and the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- the mobility and the dispenser can reduce the information exchanged in the process of re-performing some or all of the communication protocol negotiation step (S403), the fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404), and the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405) by using the interoperability information obtained in the discovery and pairing step (S401). For example, if a communication state or a fuel supply state in which the already negotiated and selected protocol cannot be maintained is identified, some or all of the communication protocol negotiation step (S403), the fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404), and the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405) may be re-performed excluding the previously selected protocol.
- the mobility and the dispenser may re-perform some or all of the communication protocol negotiation step (S403), the fuel supply protocol negotiation step (S404), and the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- Changes in the communication environment may include instances where communication channels are disconnected.
- Changes in the communication environment may include cases where received data is not recognized or cases where received data is in an unacceptable range.
- Changes in the communications environment may include cases where the quality of communications performance does not meet the required level.
- Changes in the communications environment may include cases where the integrity or precision of data exchanged via communications does not meet the required level.
- Safety conditions may include elements related to mobility for hydrogen fueling (fueling) and safety on both sides of the hydrogen fueling device or dispenser and/or the engagement status of nozzles and receptacles on both sides for initiating hydrogen fueling.
- the pressure and temperature inside the hydrogen tank may be included.
- this may include cylinder temperature, fuel supply pressure, and ambient temperature.
- Safety conditions along the connection and fuel supply path on both sides may include the nozzle-receptacle mating status - i.e., whether mated, mating condition, leakage condition, etc.
- the safety check-in step (S406) may be executed prior to the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405) in which the safety check-in step (S406) performs a minimum status check, i.e., a check of safety elements including whether the nozzle-receptacle is engaged, the engagement status, etc.
- the safety check-in step (S406) when the safety check-in step (S406) performs a check of safety elements including a minimum status check, i.e., whether the nozzle-receptacle is engaged, the engagement status, etc., the remaining safety elements not checked in the safety check-in step (S406) can be negotiated and checked in the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- a minimum status check i.e., whether the nozzle-receptacle is engaged, the engagement status, etc.
- the safety check-in step (S406) performs a check of safety elements including a minimum status check, i.e., whether the nozzle-receptacle is engaged, the engagement status, etc.
- the remaining safety elements that were not checked in the safety check-in step (S406) can be monitored and checked in the monitoring and control step (S407).
- the safety elements can be monitored and checked in the monitoring and control step (S407) regardless of (or independently of) being negotiated and checked in the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- a plurality of safety elements including a safety element checked in the safety check-in step (S406), can be negotiated and checked in the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- a plurality of safety elements including the safety elements checked in the safety check-in step (S406), may be monitored and checked in the monitoring and control step (S407).
- the safety elements may be monitored and checked in the monitoring and control step (S407) independently (or independently) of being negotiated and checked in the fuel supply parameter negotiation step (S405).
- sharing, identifying, monitoring, updating and/or leveraging interoperability and/or compatibility can be performed throughout the entire process.
- interoperability-related information shared between mobility and a dispenser/charging station in the discovery and pairing step (S401) can be checked for each situation in subsequent steps (S402 to S411), and updated or re-confirmed with available interoperability information in each step.
- step (S401) when the number of combinations of interoperability available protocols (combinations of communication protocols and fuel supply protocols) between mobility-dispensers identified in step (S401) is 10, in a subsequent step, some of the 10 protocols may become incompatible or unusable due to a communication/system error, a change in the communication/system environment, or a change in the fuel supply environment, so that the number of available protocol combinations may be reduced to less than 10.
- steps (S402 to S411) corresponding to each Use Case, and as a result, the interoperability information is updated with available interoperability information, and each step can be performed based on the updated interoperability information.
- the step can be performed by replacing or falling back to another interoperability protocol.
- steps S401 to S403 a plurality of available interoperability protocol combinations are identified, and after interoperability protocol combination A is selected as a result of communication protocol negotiation based on preferences and priorities among them, in step S404, if interoperability protocol combination A is identified as unavailable due to changes in the communication/system environment, errors, and/or changes in the fuel supply environment, another interoperability protocol combination B, which is selected or falls back to based on preferences and priorities, may be determined as a result of fuel supply protocol negotiation, and step S404 and subsequent steps may be performed.
- step S405 after a plurality of available interoperability protocol combinations are identified in steps S401 to S404, and an interoperability protocol combination A is selected as a result of the fueling protocol negotiation based on preferences and priorities among them, if it is identified in step S405 that the interoperability protocol combination A is unavailable due to a change in the communication/system environment, an error, and/or a change in the fueling environment, another interoperability protocol combination B, which is selected or falls back based on preferences and priorities, is substituted as a result of the communication protocol negotiation and the fueling protocol negotiation, and then step S405 and the steps thereafter can be performed.
- steps S401 to S406 after interoperability protocol combination A is selected as a result of communication protocol negotiation, fueling protocol negotiation, and fueling parameter negotiation based on preferences and priorities among a plurality of available interoperability protocol combinations, it is assumed that in step S407, after interoperability protocol combination A is determined to be unavailable due to a change in the communication/system environment, an error, and/or a change in the fueling environment, hydrogen fueling according to step S407 and subsequent steps are performed based on another interoperability protocol combination B that has been selected or fallen back.
- interoperability protocol combination A is determined to be available again due to a change in the communication/system environment, an error, and/or a change in the fueling environment, interoperability protocol combination A can be restored by renegotiation between the mobility and the dispenser/charging station or by a predetermined restoration process.
- the priorities may be pre-determined to give priority to the case where the communication protocol and the fueling protocol each match. For example, if the combination of the communication protocol A1 and the fueling protocol B1 is determined as the top priority/most preferred combination, combinations of the fueling protocols B2, B3, ..., etc., which can coexist with the communication protocol A1 while maintaining the communication protocol A1, may be pre-designated with a high priority as an alternative combination for the top priority/most preferred combination. Alternatively, combinations of the communication protocols A2, A3, ..., etc., which can coexist with the fueling protocol B1 while maintaining the fueling protocol B1, may be pre-designated with a high priority as an alternative combination for the top priority/most preferred combination.
- the update process for the highest priority/most preferred interoperability protocol combination while steps S403 to S409 are performed can be performed by renegotiating part or all of steps S403 to S405.
- the update process for the highest priority/most preferred interoperability protocol combination may be performed by part or all of steps S410 or S411 while steps S403 to S409 are performed.
- the update process for the highest priority/most preferred interoperability protocol combination may be performed by renegotiating part or all of steps S403 to S405, but via part or all of steps S410 or S411.
- a communication method for hydrogen fuel supply may be such that after mobility, or a dispenser, or a mobility and a dispenser cooperate to determine a combination of top priority/highest preference interoperability protocols in step S401, the combination of top priority/highest preference interoperability protocols may be determined while steps S403 to S409 are performed (with the help of steps S410 and S411).
- the method may further include a step of performing at least one of a first process and a subsequent process of the first process based on the first communication protocol and the first fuel supply protocol.
- the dispenser may perform the hydrogen fuel supply process or the subsequent process alone or proactively. That is, the dispenser can take on more of a role than the mobility when interoperability is downgraded or falls back.
- Type Description Use case name UC-9 "Termination" Objectives As the last step of fuelling, vehicle and dispenser finalizes the fuelling by exchanging information about fuelling results regarding fuelling performance and methods, and any reasons if the fueling stopped unexpectedly. This use case also handles the house-keeping when a non-safety-critical problem occurred. Short Description After the fuelling has been finished and safety checks are confirmed, vehicle and dispenser exchanges some book-keeping information regarding the fuelling session.When a non-safety-critical problem occurred, this use case allows the vehicle and dispenser to exchange wrap-up information about the fueling session before leaving. Pre-conditions The fuelling is finished and the nozzle is safe to unplug.Or a non-safety-critical problem occurred during any other use cases. Post-conditions Information about the fueling session is stored and the fueling session is completely finished.
- the mobility can send a termination request message (e.g. "TerminateReq") to the dispenser.
- a termination request message e.g. "TerminateReq
- TerminateReq may be defined in the respective fueling protocol specifications.
- the parameters exchanged between the mobility and the dispenser within the TerminateReq message may be defined differently for each individual fueling protocol.
- TerminateReq message may include tank_press, tank_temp, amount, soc, reason, etc., and may be illustrated by Table 26 below. Elements not illustrated in Table 26 below may be specified by each fuel supply protocol standard, such as ISO 19885-3, for example.
- the dispenser When the dispenser receives a TerminateReq message from the mobility, the dispenser can respond with a termination response message (e.g., TerminateRes) within a given time interval (e.g., MessageResponseTimeout).
- a termination response message e.g., TerminateRes
- a given time interval e.g., MessageResponseTimeout
- Terminate Response message e.g. "TerminateRes”
- the parameters exchanged between the mobility and the dispenser within the TerminateRes message may be defined differently for each individual fueling protocol.
- TerminateRes message may include aprr, duration, amount, soc, result, etc., and may be illustrated by Table 27 below. Elements not illustrated in Table 27 below may be specified by each fuel supply protocol standard, such as ISO 19885-3, for example.
- a message requesting the start of the termination step (S409) may be transmitted by either the mobility or the dispenser to the other party.
- the other party may perform the termination step (S409) by responding to the message requesting the start of the termination step (S409).
- 'error' or 'error' may refer to incidents occurring during UC1 to UC9 (S401 to S409) or hydrogen fueling, which may interrupt the ongoing process.
- step (S410) conditions for non-safety critical errors, exemplary error conditions and responses thereto can be specified.
- Non-safety critical error conditions may include, for example:
- Communication errors may include 1) when communication is disconnected, 2) when received data is unrecognizable due to encoding or syntactic errors, and 3) when received data is in an unacceptable range.
- this may include cases where the dispenser or mobility detects its own critical system error.
- the mobility and dispenser stop the fuelling immediately but taking safe steps, and stop the communication to end the session.
- the fueling protocol can define a fallback mechanism, for example by defining a non-communication fuelling method.
- the mobility can send a TerminateReq message with "action" set to "stop” and "reason” set to an appropriate reason code.
- the dispenser can first immediately stop fueling and send a TerminateReq message with "action" set to "stop” and "reason” set to the appropriate reason code.
- a fueling protocol may define protocol-specific error conditions and provide detection criteria, and prescribed response procedures including notification, termination procedures, and fallback mechanisms.
- a fueling protocol can define emergency conditions according to the protocol and can provide prescribed response procedures to avoid entering detrimental situation by all means, including detection criteria, notification, termination procedures, and fallback mechanisms.
- the EmergencyNotif message can be a TLS or DTLS message, depending on the communications technology used.
- the element names included in the EmergencyNofit message may include class, type, action, etc., and may be illustrated by Table 30 below. Elements not illustrated in Table 30 below may be specified by each fuel supply protocol standard, such as ISO 19885-3, for example. For example, additional emergency reason codes and action codes may be specified by each protocol.
- Type unsignedByte Emergency reason code by number defined in Table XYZ action unsignedByte Optional:Pre-defined action code necessary or recommended to be performed by the receiving party
- FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating one of the alternative embodiments of FIG. 4.
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a communication device of hydrogen fuel mobility comprises: a step (step S2010; which may be performed as a part of steps S403 to S406, or steps S408 to S409) of detecting an error that occurs during a communication process for preparing hydrogen fueling between a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to mobility and the mobility or during a process (step S407) in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility; a step (step S2020; which may be performed as a part of steps S410 or S411) of determining whether to stop the communication process (steps S403 to S406, or steps S408 to S409) or the process of supplying hydrogen to the mobility in response to the detected error; and may include a step of performing a defined follow-up process based on the detected error (not depicted as a separate step: performed as part of steps S403 to S411).
- the following embodiments may be performed based on interoperability or compatibility information shared between the mobility and the dispenser in step S401 of FIG. 4.
- the process of negotiating and determining the communication protocol, fuel supply protocol, and fuel supply parameters in steps S403 to S405 may be performed within the scope of the interoperability or compatibility information.
- Interoperability or compatibility information is identified and shared in step S401, but may be re-identified and shared in an updated state as appropriate to the current situation in subsequent processes.
- the step of determining whether to stop a communication process or a hydrogen fueling process in response to a detected error may include a step of classifying the detected error as either a safety-critical error or a non-safety-critical error.
- the step of classifying the detected error as a safety-critical error may be performed by step S2020 of FIGS. 17 and 18, or may be performed by a part of step S411 of FIG. 4, and the step of performing a subsequent process when the detected error is classified as a safety-critical error may be performed by a separate step (S403 to S409), or may be performed by a part of step S411 of FIG. 4.
- an error classified as a safety-critical error may be treated as an emergency.
- the step (S2020) of determining whether to stop a communication process or a hydrogen fuel supply process in response to a detected error may further include a step (performed as a part of step S410) of classifying the detected error as any one of a communication error, a system error, or a qualitative error, if the detected error is not a fatal error to safety.
- the step of performing a defined follow-up process based on a detected error may include at least a part of a step (S411) of performing an emergency handling process when the detected error is a safety-critical error.
- the step (S2020) of determining whether to stop a communication process or a hydrogen fuel supply process in response to a detected error may further include a step of determining whether to replace a first fuel supply protocol of the communication process or the hydrogen fuel supply process with a fallback second fuel supply protocol if the detected error is not a safety-critical error.
- the step of performing a defined follow-up process based on a detected error may include a step of transmitting a message including whether to stop the communication process or the process of supplying hydrogen to a dispenser.
- Various types of incidents occurring during the execution of steps S403 to S409 can be detected by the mobility or dispenser (S2010). Incidents detected at this time can be classified as errors if they satisfy certain conditions (S2010 and S2020). If the detected error is a non-safety-critical error, it can be handled by the error handling process of step S410 or a separate subsequent step, and if it is a safety-critical error, it can be handled by the emergency handling process of step S411.
- the criteria for classifying a detected error as a non-safety-critical error or a safety-critical error (emergency) are predefined by the fuel supply protocol of steps S403 to S409, and the error detected can be classified by each step S403 to S409 when the error is detected.
- each of steps S410 and/or S411 can classify whether the detected error is a non-safety-critical error or a safety-critical error (emergency). That is, step S410 can classify whether the error is a non-safety-critical error and, if a non-safety-critical error, whether it is a communication error, a system error, or a qualitative error. Step S411 can classify whether the error is a safety-critical error.
- Step S410 may classify the detected error and determine whether to stop the fuel supply process based on the classification result or the status of the error. If it is determined not to stop the fuel supply process and to continue the fuel supply process by the fallback fuel supply protocol (based on updated interoperability or compatibility information), steps necessary for continuing the fuel supply process among steps S403 to S409 may be performed again as a result of step S410.
- step S410 or S411 when the cause of the error is removed and the normal state is restored, the mobility or dispenser may, alone or in cooperation, return to any one of steps S403 to S409 that was being performed before the error occurred, or to the next step, and continue the hydrogen fueling process and the communication process.
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a communication device of a dispenser for supplying hydrogen fuel to hydrogen fuel mobility comprises: a step (step S2010; which may be performed as a part of steps S403 to S406, or steps S408 to S409) for preparing hydrogen fueling between the dispenser and the mobility or a step (step S407) for supplying hydrogen from the dispenser to the mobility; a step (step S2020; which may be performed as a part of steps S410 or S411) for determining whether to stop the communication step (steps S403 to S406, or steps S408 to S409) or the process of supplying hydrogen (step S407) in response to the detected error; and may include a step of performing a defined follow-up process based on the detected error (performed as part of steps S403 to S411).
- the step of determining whether to stop a communication process or a hydrogen fuel supply process in response to a detected error may include a step of classifying the detected error as either a safety-critical error or a non-safety-critical error.
- the step (S2020) of determining whether to stop a communication process or a hydrogen fuel supply process in response to a detected error may further include a step (which may be performed as a part of step S410) of classifying the detected error as any one of a communication error, a system error, or a qualitative error if the detected error is not a fatal error to safety.
- the step of performing a defined follow-up process based on a detected error may include at least a part of a step (S411) of performing an emergency handling process when the detected error is a safety-critical error.
- the step (S2020) of determining whether to stop a communication process or a hydrogen fuel supply process in response to a detected error may further include a step of determining whether to replace a first fuel supply protocol of the communication process or the hydrogen fuel supply process with a fallback second fuel supply protocol if the detected error is not a safety-critical error.
- the step of performing a defined subsequent process based on a detected error may include a step of the dispenser performing a process of supplying hydrogen fuel based on the second fuel supply protocol when a first fuel supply protocol of the communication process or the process of supplying hydrogen is replaced with a second fuel supply protocol.
- the dispenser side can select the second fuel supply protocol by applying the first fuel supply protocol or a pre-defined fallback according to a pre-defined rule, and supply hydrogen based on the second fuel supply protocol.
- the mobility or dispenser can stop the session if necessary.
- the mobility or dispenser can stop the session if it needs to stop the session.
- the mobility or dispenser can stop the session based on the detected error and send a message to the other party including a stop action and a reason code corresponding to the reason.
- a fallback fueling protocol based on a limited communication protocol or communication environment may be selected based on updated interoperability or compatibility information between the mobility and the dispenser, and hydrogen may be fueled based on the selected fueling protocol.
- a different fueling protocol can be selected while maintaining the communication protocol between the mobility and the dispenser in case of a qualitative error.
- a different communication protocol can be selected while maintaining the fueling protocol between the mobility and the dispenser.
- the communication can be minimized and subsequent steps can be performed.
- the mobility or dispenser can fallback the communication protocol and the fueling protocol.
- the step of performing a defined subsequent process based on a detected error may include a step of transmitting a message to mobility including whether to stop the communication process or the process of supplying hydrogen.
- the process can return to steps S401 to S409 or a hydrogen fuel supply process in parallel therewith.
- the process that was being performed before the error occurred or the next step can be returned to steps S401 to S409 or the hydrogen fuel supply process that is performed in parallel therewith.
- communications and fueling may be suspended and/or terminated.
- fueling may continue even in the event of a safety-critical error if communications are secured or fueling is available, or if fueling must continue (e.g., to evacuate a hazardous area, transport a patient, etc.).
- communication or fueling may be stopped or continued based on the criticality/severity of the error, available communication environment, available fueling protocol, UCDC level, necessity of communication or fueling, etc.
- the process of constant monitoring of interoperability, updating of interoperability information accordingly, and/or updating of a combination of communication/fuel supply protocols has been disclosed with a focus on an embodiment in which either the mobility or the dispenser performs the process, but the detailed processes of these processes may be performed by either the mobility or the dispenser, and may be performed through mutual cooperation. Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, part of the process of constant monitoring of interoperability, updating of interoperability information accordingly, and/or updating of a combination of communication/fuel supply protocols may be performed proactively by the mobility, and part of the process may be performed proactively by the dispenser.
- a communication method for hydrogen fuel supply may include a step (S2100) of sharing pairing information between mobility and a dispenser and discovering each other as part of step S401 of FIG. 4 or FIG. 16.
- a communication method for hydrogen fuel supply may include a step (S2210) of checking information related to interoperability or compatibility between mobility and a dispenser based on pairing information as part of step S401 of FIG. 4.
- a communication method for hydrogen fuel supply may include a step (S2220) of performing pairing between mobility and a dispenser based on pairing information as part of step S401 of FIG. 4.
- a communication process for preparing or performing a hydrogen fuel supply process between the mobility and the dispenser may be performed based on the pairing information.
- An example of such a communication process is initiated by steps S403 to S411 of FIG. 4 or FIG. 16.
- the method illustrated in FIG. 17 may be performed by the mobility or by the dispenser, or may be performed by mutual cooperation between the mobility and the dispenser.
- the entity communicating with the mobility is described as a dispenser, but the communication devices of the dispenser or the station may communicate with the mobility alone or in cooperation.
- APs wireless LAN Access Points
- dispensers some of these APs are assigned to dispensers, while others can participate in communication with mobility without being directly assigned to dispensers.
- Step S2100 may illustrate a process of sharing pairing information between a mobility and a dispenser (or station) using wireless communication, and using this to discover each other's presence.
- Steps S2210 and/or S2220 may be a process for checking whether there is correct pairing between the mobility and the dispenser.
- the entity performing the pairing check may be both the mobility and the dispenser (station), or may be one of them.
- a subsequent process related to a communication protocol or a fueling protocol for a process of fueling hydrogen from the dispenser to the mobility based on the pairing information can be performed by the dispenser and the mobility transmitting and receiving at least one message.
- This process can correspond to steps S403 to S405 of FIG. 4 or FIG. 16, for example.
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a communication device of hydrogen fuel mobility may include: a step of sharing information regarding pairing between a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to a mobility and the mobility, and discovering a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility (S2100); a step of checking information regarding interoperability or compatibility between the dispenser and the mobility based on the information regarding pairing (S2210); a step of performing pairing between the dispenser and the mobility based on the information regarding pairing (S2220); and a step of performing subsequent processes (S403 to S405) related to a communication protocol or a fueling protocol for a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility based on the information regarding interoperability or compatibility between the dispenser and the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the dispenser.
- the hydrogen fuel mobility and the dispenser/station can discover each other, check compatibility, and verify correct pairing, thereby supporting the start of the hydrogen fueling process and shortening the process up to the start of the hydrogen fueling process.
- a standardized data field such as VSE (Vendor-Specific Element) can be used to provide the functions and communication protocols and/or fuel supply protocols of each hydrogen fuel mobility and dispenser/station to the other party.
- VSE Vehicle-Specific Element
- a message transmitted and received between the dispenser and the mobility may include a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field, and the VSE data field may include at least a part of information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- a VSE data field may include, as at least a part of information regarding pairing, a standard supported by a dispenser or mobility; a version of the standard; a fueling protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; a communication protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; or identification information for pairing of the dispenser or mobility.
- the supported standards in the dispenser or mobility may be known standards, such as ISO 19885, or may include support for specific standards.
- the version of the standard may refer to a specific version of the standard.
- a VSE may indicate that the mobility or dispenser is an ISO 19885 device and may include compatibility information, including a list of supported communication/fueling protocols.
- identifier (ID) information for pairing may be added to the VSE data field.
- the pairing ID may be used for pairing between the mobility and the dispenser in a subsequent pairing step (S2220).
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- the VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field may be added to beacon, probe request/response, association request (Assoc Req), and re-association request (Reassoc Req) messages.
- Messages sent and received between the dispenser and mobility can have the following fields within a TCP packet: version (Ver), message identifier (MsgID), length (Length), and JSON Payload.
- the message at this time can be used not only in the discovery and pairing process of step S401, but also in the communication protocol negotiation process of step S403.
- it can be expressed as, for example, a communication protocol negotiation request message Comm_Protocol_Negotiation_Req, or a communication protocol negotiation response message Comm_Protocol_Negotiation_Res.
- the Comm_Protocol_Negotiation_Req message can contain a Comm_Protocol subfield, which can have a data type called Comm_Protocol_Type.
- Comm_Protocol_Type subdata fields such as Comm_Protocol_Index, Comm_Protocol_Name, Comm_Protocol_Version, and Comm_Protocol_Preference can be defined.
- a list of communication protocols supported by the mobility may be provided by the VSE data field.
- the list of communication protocols may be expressed as follows:
- a list of communication protocols supported by the dispenser may be provided by the VSE data field. That is, the Comm_Protocol_Negotiation_Res message may include Comm_Protocol_Index as a subfield.
- the communication protocol negotiation response message may include the result of the negotiation as a subfield, such as ResponseCode. For example, if the dispenser selects #1 from the communication protocol list provided by the dispenser and the negotiation is successful, the following response message may be transmitted.
- wireless communication technologies such as wireless local area network (WLAN) may be utilized. Pairing information and/or interoperability/compatibility information may be shared between the mobility and the dispenser/station using the Vendor Specific Element (VSE) data field.
- VSE Vendor Specific Element
- the pairing information may include location or precise positioning information of the dispenser. Additional pairing information may also be performed via a fueling cable between the mobility and the dispenser.
- Pairing information can be exchanged using additional communication technologies other than wireless LAN, such as cables, NFC, RFID, and barcodes.
- additional communication technologies other than wireless LAN, such as cables, NFC, RFID, and barcodes.
- short-range communication technologies can support precise location measurement and positioning.
- the process of checking/verifying pairing can be performed as one-way pairing.
- the mobility can check the dispenser.
- the dispenser can check the mobility, or both can check the other.
- a message may include a list of communication protocols
- the message may include a list of fuel supply protocols or fuel supply parameters. Additionally, the list of communication protocols may be exchanged in association with a list of supported fuel supply protocols.
- FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram illustrating in detail one embodiment of a part of the operation of FIG. 17.
- step S2100 may be performed by passive scanning (S2110) or by active scanning (S2120).
- the step of discovering a dispenser (2310) according to the passive scanning (S2110) embodiment may include the steps of: receiving a first message from at least one wireless communication entity by the mobility (100); identifying the dispenser (2310) among at least one wireless communication entity (2310, 2320, 2330) based on the first message; and transmitting an association request message Assoc Req to the identified dispenser (2310).
- the first message may mean a message transmitted based on wireless communication technology by at least one wireless communication entity (2310, 2320, 2330).
- the first message may be transmitted in the form of a beacon message
- wireless LAN-based communication it may be transmitted in the form of a message allowed in wireless LAN communication.
- the communication technology on which the first message depends is not limited to a specific communication medium.
- the step of identifying the dispenser (2310) among at least one wireless communication entity (2310, 2320, 2330) may include the steps of extracting a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field within the first message; identifying at least a portion of information regarding pairing based on the VSE data field; and identifying the dispenser (2310) based on at least a portion of the information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- the mobility (100) can manually scan (S2110) the first message including the VSE field from the dispensers (2310, 2320) excluding these unrelated APs (2330).
- the step of identifying the dispenser (2310) among the at least one wireless communication entity may include the step of identifying the dispenser (2310) among the multiple dispenser candidates (2310, 2320) based on at least a portion of the information regarding pairing.
- interoperability/compatibility information within the VSE field may be considered.
- a dispenser (2310) close to the mobility (100) may be selected among multiple dispenser candidates that satisfy interoperability/compatibility.
- the step of discovering a dispenser (2310) comprises: a step in which the mobility (100) broadcasts a Probe Req message including a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field including at least a part of information regarding pairing to at least one wireless communication entity (2310, 2320, 2330); a step in which the mobility (100) receives a Probe Res message including a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field including at least a part of information regarding pairing from at least one dispenser candidate (2310, 2320); a step in which the mobility identifies the dispenser (2310) among at least one dispenser candidate (2310, 2320) based on at least a part of the information regarding pairing in the Probe Res message; and may include a step of transmitting an association request Assoc Req message to the identified dispenser (2310).
- the step of performing a subsequent process related to a communication protocol or a fuel supply protocol for a process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the dispenser may include a step of negotiating a communication protocol between the dispenser and the mobility (S403); a step of negotiating a fuel supply protocol between the dispenser and the mobility (S404); and a step of negotiating a fuel supply parameter between the dispenser and the mobility (S405).
- information related to interoperability or compatibility between a dispenser and a mobility may include whether bidirectional communication between the dispenser and the mobility is supported; whether a function of sharing measurement data through bidirectional communication between the dispenser and the mobility is supported; whether the measurement data can be used to control or manage a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility; or whether a fallback or alternative protocol of a communication protocol or a fueling protocol can be determined based on a change in a communication environment between the dispenser and the mobility during a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility.
- the range of fueling protocols commonly supported by the dispenser or mobility may be guided by whether bidirectional communication is supported between the dispenser or mobility, as identified in the list of communication protocols supported by the dispenser or mobility.
- whether real-time measurement data can be utilized in the control or management process of the fueling protocol for the process of hydrogen being supplied from the dispenser to the mobility can be shared as interoperability/compatibility information.
- occurrence of a situation such as UC10 or UC11 may be shared between the mobility and the dispenser based on real-time measurement data.
- whether or not to fallback interoperability/compatibility information may be determined based on whether bidirectional communication is supported, whether real-time measurement data can be shared, whether real-time measurement data can be utilized, etc.
- an alternative communication/fueling protocol or a second-best communication/fueling protocol may be selected and the hydrogen fueling process may be performed or terminated depending on the situation based on the selected protocol.
- the agreement process such as the subsequent protocol negotiation step (S403 to S405) can be supported, and the negotiation process can be shortened secondarily.
- the response process is processed quickly and efficiently using the interoperability/compatibility information shared in S401, thereby improving the success probability of the overall hydrogen fueling process and shortening the time required for the hydrogen fueling process.
- a communication method for hydrogen fueling performed by a communication device of a dispenser that supplies hydrogen fuel to hydrogen fuel mobility may include a step of sharing information about pairing between the mobility and the dispenser and discovering the mobility (S2100); a step of checking information about interoperability or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser based on the information about pairing (S2210); a step of performing pairing between the mobility and the dispenser based on the information about pairing (S2220); and a step of performing a subsequent process (S403, S404, S405) related to a communication protocol or a fueling protocol for a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility based on the information about interoperability or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the mobility.
- a message transmitted and received between the mobility and the dispenser may include a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field, and the VSE data field may include at least a part of information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- a VSE data field may include, as at least a part of information regarding pairing, a standard supported by the dispenser or mobility; a version of the standard; a fueling protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; a communication protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; or identification information for pairing of the dispenser or mobility.
- the step of performing the subsequent steps (S403, S404, S405) related to the communication protocol or the fuel supply protocol for the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the mobility may include the step of negotiating the communication protocol between the mobility and the dispenser (S403); the step of negotiating the fuel supply protocol between the mobility and the dispenser (S404); and the step of negotiating the fuel supply parameters between the mobility and the dispenser (S405).
- information related to interoperability or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser may include whether bidirectional communication between the mobility and the dispenser is supported; whether a function of sharing measurement data through bidirectional communication between the mobility and the dispenser is supported; whether the measurement data can be used to control or manage a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility; or whether a fallback or alternative protocol of a communication protocol or a fueling protocol can be determined based on a change in a communication environment between the mobility and the dispenser during a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility.
- FIG. 19 is a conceptual block diagram of the internal structure of a generalized computing system that may be mounted on a hydrogen fuel mobility, dispenser, and/or fueling station as a communication device, a communication control device, and/or an electronic control device for hydrogen fueling according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a processor and a memory are electronically connected to each component, and the operation of each component can be controlled or managed by the processor.
- At least a part of the process of a fuel supply communication method for supplying fuel to an electric vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention can be executed by the computing system (3000) of FIG. 19.
- a computing system (3000) may include at least one processor (3100) and a memory (3200) storing instructions that instruct the at least one processor (3100) to perform at least one step. At least some steps of a method according to one embodiment of the present invention may be performed by the at least one processor (3100) loading and executing instructions from the memory (3200).
- the processor (3100) may mean a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.
- CPU central processing unit
- GPU graphics processing unit
- dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.
- Each of the memory (3200) and the storage device (3400) may be configured with at least one of a volatile storage medium and a nonvolatile storage medium.
- the memory (3200) may be configured with at least one of a read only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).
- the computing system (3000) may include a communication interface (3300) that performs communication via a wireless network.
- the computing system (3000) may further include a storage device (3400), an input interface (3500), an output interface (3600), etc.
- each component included in the computing system (3000) is connected to each other by a bus (3700) and can communicate with each other.
- a device including a processor (3100) may be, for example, a communicative desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a mobile phone, a smart watch, smart glasses, an e-book reader, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a portable game console, a navigation device, a digital camera, a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) player, a digital audio recorder, a digital audio player, a digital video recorder, a digital video player, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), etc.
- PMP portable multimedia player
- DMB digital multimedia broadcasting
- a communication device for hydrogen fuel supply is a device mounted on a hydrogen fuel mobility and/or dispenser and performs communication between the hydrogen fuel mobility and the dispenser, and includes a processor (3100) that receives and executes at least one command from a memory (3200).
- a communication control device of hydrogen fuel mobility (100) may include a memory (3200) storing at least one command; and a processor (3100) executing at least one command.
- the processor (3100) may share information about pairing between a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to a mobility and the mobility, discover a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility, and check information about interoperability or compatibility between the dispenser and the mobility based on the information about pairing, perform pairing between the dispenser and the mobility based on the information about pairing, and perform a subsequent process related to a communication protocol or a fuel supply protocol for a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the dispenser based on the information about interoperability or compatibility between the dispenser and the mobility.
- messages sent and received between the dispenser and the mobility may include a Vendor Specific Element (VSE) data field, and the VSE data field may include at least a portion of information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vendor Specific Element
- the VSE data field may include, as at least a part of information regarding pairing, a standard supported by the dispenser or mobility; a version of the standard; a fuel supply protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; a communication protocol supported by the dispenser or mobility; or identification information for pairing of the dispenser or mobility.
- the processor When the processor discovers the dispenser, it can receive a first message from at least one wireless communication entity, identify a dispenser among the at least one wireless communication entity based on the first message, and transmit an association request message to the identified dispenser. At this time, when the processor identifies the dispenser among the at least one wireless communication entity based on the first message, it can extract a VSE (Vendor Specific Element) data field within the first message, identify at least a part of information regarding pairing based on the VSE data field, and identify the dispenser based on at least a part of the information regarding pairing.
- VSE Vehicle Specific Element
- the processor can broadcast a Probe Req message including a Vendor Specific Element (VSE) data field including at least a portion of information regarding pairing to at least one wireless communication entity, receive a Probe Response message including a VSE data field including at least a portion of information regarding pairing from at least one dispenser candidate, identify a dispenser among the at least one dispenser candidate based on at least a portion of the information regarding pairing in the Probe Response message, and the processor can transmit an Assoc Req message to the identified dispenser.
- VSE Vendor Specific Element
- the processor by at least one instruction, can negotiate a communication protocol between the dispenser and the mobility, negotiate a fueling protocol between the dispenser and the mobility, and negotiate fueling parameters between the dispenser and the mobility after pairing between the dispenser and the mobility.
- a communication device of a dispenser for supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility comprises a memory (3200) for storing at least one command; and a processor (3100) for executing at least one command, wherein the processor (3100) is configured to share information regarding pairing between the mobility and the dispenser, discover the mobility, check information regarding interoperability or compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser based on the information regarding pairing, perform pairing between the mobility and the dispenser based on the information regarding pairing, and perform a subsequent process related to a communication protocol or a fuel supply protocol for a process in which the dispenser supplies hydrogen to the mobility by transmitting and receiving at least one message with the mobility.
- the present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment and may be configured to first transmit the communication protocol or parameters of the dispenser from the dispenser to the hydrogen fuel mobility. In this case, it is obvious that they have substantially the same features, except that the transmitter becomes the receiver and the receiver becomes the transmitter in the embodiment.
- the operation of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as a computer-readable program or code on a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes all types of recording devices that store information that can be read by a computer system.
- the computer-readable recording medium can be distributed over network-connected computer systems so that the computer-readable program or code can be stored and executed in a distributed manner.
- the computer-readable recording medium may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc.
- the program instructions may include not only machine language codes produced by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by the computer using an interpreter, etc.
- a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step.
- aspects described in the context of a method may also be represented as a feature of a corresponding block or item or a corresponding device.
- Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device, such as, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, at least one or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.
- a programmable logic device e.g., a field-programmable gate array
- a field-programmable gate array may operate in conjunction with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, the methods are preferably performed by some hardware device.
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Abstract
Description
| 구분 | 충전소 → 차량 | 차량 → 충전소 |
| 통신데이터항목 | - 공급 수소압력 - 공급 수소온도 - 공급 수소유량 - 최대공급 수소압력 - 최대공급 수소온도 - 최소공급 수소온도 - 최대공급 수소유량 - 대기온도 - 통신가능 여부 (comm/non-comm) - 목표값 - 연료공급 진행 여부 - 긴급정지 여부 - 수소 연료공급 프로토콜 카테고리 - 공급수소량 - 수소 연료공급 예상완료 시간 |
- 리셉터클 타입 - 리셉터클 사용압력 - 탱크볼륨 - 탱크압력 - 탱크온도 - 최대사용 압력 - 최대사용 온도 |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-1: "Discovery and Pairing" |
| Objectives | UC-1 allows devices to identify the communication counterparty (communication module of vehicle or dispenser) that is responsible for the control of the physically connected receptacle or nozzle, respectively. UC-1 also defines how to identify incompatibility and may define a failsafe mechanism. |
| Short Description | During this use case, vehicle and dispenser try to find out any common communication technologies to run a fuelling protocol. Depending on the discovery mechanism provided by the underlying physical/data-link layer, the vehicle and dispenser discovers each other and start communication. To ensure that the communication channel is established with the devices that are bound to the fuelling hose assembly, extra pairing procedure may need to be involved. When communication channel does not guarantee the correct pairing (e.g., wireless communication), we may need an extra pairing channel that delivers pairing information. When pairing is implicitly guaranteed (e.g., communication integrated with hose assembly), only communication channel should be sufficient. |
| Pre-conditions | The dispenser nozzle is securely connected to the vehicle receptacle |
| Post-conditions | Vehicle and Dispenser knows what communication medium to use for the communication. After this use case, subsequent communication solely depends on the communication protocol that was agreed on in this use case. If an out-of-scope communication protocol is chosen, no further ISO 19985 communication is performed. |
| Clause | Communication Technology | Communication Channel | Pairing Channel |
| Annex P.2 | Bidirectional IrDA | (irDA references) | N/A |
| Annex P.3 | WLAN with NFC | IEEE 802.11 | NFC Forum Specifications |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-2: "Communication Security" |
| Objectives | /Vehicle and Dispenser establish a secure channel over the discovered communication channel to achieve communication security goals including confidentiality, integrity, and privacy. |
| Short Description | After the physical and data-link layer connection is made between vehicle and dispenser, they setup layer-3 and establish a TCP connection, then perform a TLS handshake to authenticate and exchange keys to establish a secure communication channel. |
| Pre-conditions | Vehicle and dispenser performed discovery and pairing use case successfully and made a data-link layer connection. Credentials necessary for the authentication and key exchange are prepared. |
| Post-conditions | Dispenser authenticated the vehicle and the vehicle authenticated dispenser successfully. Communication channel between vehicle and dispenser are encrypted and integrity protected. |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-3: "Communication Protocol Negotiation" |
| Objectives | Vehicle and Dispenser determine which communication protocol to use throughout the fueling. |
| Short Description | Once TLS handshake is successfully finished, the vehicle and the dispenser negotiates on the communication protocol to use throughout the fuelling session. The negotiation starts when the vehicle sends a list of its supported protocols and then the dispenser picks a common protocol supported by both and the vehicle prefers the most. |
| Pre-conditions | A secure authenticated communication channel is established using TLS 1.3. |
| Post-conditions | The vehicle and the dispenser reached an agreement on which communication protocol to use for their fuelling communication. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| protocols | CommProtocolType | Communication protocols supported by the vehicle |
| CommProtocolType | ||
| Index | Unsigned integer | Index of the protocol |
| Name | String | Name of the protocol |
| Ver | String | Version of the protocol |
| pref | Unsigned integer | Preference of protocols. Smaller number represents higher preference. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| Index | Unsigned integer | Optional:Index of chosen protocol |
| Result | resultType | Result of the protocol negotiation. 'OK' if successful. 'FAILED_INCOMPAT' otherwise. |
| Protocol ID | Priority |
| SAE J2601 - No comm. | 7 |
| SAE J2799 - IrDA | 6 |
| SAE J2601 - IrDA | 5 |
| ISO 19885-3-2023-UCDC-0 | 4 |
| ISO 19885-3-2023-UCDC-1 | 3 |
| ISO 19885-3-2023-UCDC-2 | 2 |
| ISO 19885-3-2023-UCDC-3 | 1 |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-4: "Fueling Protocol Negotiation" |
| Objectives | Vehicle and Dispenser determine which fuelling protocol to use for the fuelling. |
| Short Description | Once communication protocol selection is done, the vehicle and the dispenser negotiates on the fuelling protocol to use for the fuelling. The negotiation starts when the vehicle sends a list of its supported protocols and then the dispenser picks a common protocol supported by both and the vehicle prefers the most. |
| Pre-conditions | A communication protocol is selected. |
| Post-conditions | The vehicle and the dispenser reached an agreement on which fuelling protocol to use for their fuelling. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| fuelProts | FuellingProtocolType | Fuelling protocols supported by the vehicle |
| FuellingProtocolType | ||
| idx | Unsigned integer | Index of the protocol |
| Name | String | Name of the protocol |
| Ver | String | Version of the protocol |
| subprot | String | Optional: Name of the sub-protocol |
| pref | Unsigned integer | Preference of protocols. Smaller number represents higher preference. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| Index | Unsigned integer | Optional:Index of chosen protocol |
| Result | Enumeration | Result of the protocol negotiation. 'OK' if successful. 'FAILED_INCOMPAT' otherwise. |
| Index | Name | Revision | Sub-protocol | Preference |
| 1 | PRHYDE | 2023 | TYPE3-T-initial | 4 |
| 2 | PRHYDE | 2024 | TYPE3-T-Special | 3 |
| 3 | RTR-HFP | 2 | ||
| 4 | ANN-MPC | 5 | ||
| 5 | HMC-FAST | 1.0 | 1 |
| Fueling Protocol ID | ResultCode |
| 2 | OK |
| Fueling Protocol ID | ResultCode |
| FAIL_NO_COMMON_PROTOCOL |
| Name | Unit | Precision | Range/Values | Type | Semantics |
| Pressure Class | N/A | N/A | {H35, H70} | Static | Pressure classof the tank |
| CHSS Volume | Liter | 2 decimals | Positive, No-max | Static | Volumeof the tank |
| CHSS Pressure | MPa | 2 decimals | Positive, No-max | Dynamic | Current pressureof the tank |
| Emergency Policy | N/A | N/A | {Terminate,Fallback} | Static | Emergency handling policy |
| Name | Unit | Precision | Range/Values | Type | Semantics |
| Fueling Delivery Temperature | N/A | N/A | {H35, H70} | Static | ... |
| FuelingTemperature | MPa | 2 decimals | Positive, No-max | Dynamic | Current pressure of the tank |
| Emergency Policy | N/A | N/A | {Terminate,Fallback} | Static | Emergency handling policy |
| Physical Parameters | |
| Receptacle Type | ? |
| Pressure Class | H35/H70 |
| CHSS Category | A/B/C/D |
| CHSS Type | 1/2/3/4 |
| CHSS Volume | ? L |
| Maximum allowed CHSS Pressure | ? MPa |
| Maximum allowed BHSS temp. | ? ℃ |
| Maximum allowed flow rate | ? g/s |
| Monitoring Parameters | |
| Current CHSS Pressure | ? MPa |
| Current CHSS Temp. | ? ℃ |
| Safety Policy | |
| Emergency Policy | ? |
| Safety Enforcement Level | ? |
| Acceptance | |
| Accepted | TRUE/FALSE/PENDING |
| Physical Parameters | |
| Fueling Delivery temp. | T30 |
| Max Fuel Delivery Pressure | ? MPa |
| Max Fuel Delivery Temp. | ? ℃ |
| Min Fuel Delivery Temp. | ? ℃ |
| Mas Fuel Delivery Flow Rate | ? g/s |
| Monitoring Parameters | |
| Current Fuel Delivery Temp. | ? ℃ |
| Ambient Temperature | ? ℃ |
| Fueling Goal | |
| Selected Fueling Table | D1 |
| Target SoC | ? % |
| Target Final CHSS Pressure | ? MPa |
| Target Final CHSS Temperature | ? ℃ |
| Target APR | ? MPa/s |
| Expected Fueling Duration | ? ℃ |
| Safety Policy | ? s |
| Acceptance | |
| Accepted | TRUE/FALSE/PENDING |
| UC 구분 | 충전소 → 차량 | 차량 → 충전소 |
| FuelingParameter Negotiation |
통신 전달여부 체크 연료공급 프로토콜 수소 공급(냉각) 온도 목표 연료공급 압력 목표 연료공급 후 예상(기대) 탱크 온도 목표 연료공급량 (SOC %) 목표 연료공급 시간 대기온도 |
통신 전달여부 체크 최대사용압력 최대사용온도 최대사용유량 탱크온도 탱크압력 탱크부피 차량연료공급압력(350/700 등) |
| SafetyCheck-in | 노즐-리셉터클 체결 여부 수소저장시스템 누설 체크 결과 충전소 예측 차량 탱크 부피 (사용맵 적합성 확인) |
탱크온도 탱크압력 탱크부피 |
| Monitoring andControl | 수소 공급(냉각) 온도 목표 연료공급 압력 목표 연료공급 후 예상(기대) 탱크 온도 목표 연료공급량 (SOC %) 대기온도 목표 연료공급 속도 실제 연료공급 속도 목표 연료공급 시간 실제 연료공급 시간 연료공급 유량 연료공급 상태(시작/연료공급중/중단/일시정지) 통신 상태 연료공급 중단시 사유 (정상종료/충전소압력부족/통신이상) 만연료공급(Top-off) 여부 콜드 디스펜서 여부 폴백 진행 여부 |
탱크온도 탱크압력 탱크부피 연료공급 중단요청 |
| SafetyCheck-out | 노즐-리셉터클 분리가능 여부 (분리가능/아이싱 등) |
탱크온도 탱크압력 탱크부피 |
| Termination | 목표 연료공급량실제 연료공급량 목표연료공급속도 실제연료공급속도 목표연료공급압력 실제연료공급압력 목표탱크온도 실제탱크온도 목표연료공급시간 실제연료공급시간 |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-6: "Safety Check-in" |
| Objectives | Vehicle and Dispenser confirms that all the necessary safety conditions are met and the communication link is correctly paired with the pairing channel before actual fuelling is started. |
| Short Description | Once fuelling parameters are exchanged and vehicle and dispenser are considered compatible, vehicle and dispenser performs safety condition checks and pairing checks to make sure the fuelling is safe and the communication is reliable. Depending on the fuelling protocol and the communication physical layer, the safety checks can be implicitly done within the protocol or physical association and this step may be omitted. |
| Pre-conditions | Necessary fuelling parameters are exchanged. |
| Post-conditions | The vehicle and the dispenser confirmed all the safety conditions and correctness of the pairing, and ready to begin fuelling. |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-7: "Fuelling control and monitoring" |
| Objectives | Vehicle and Dispenser monitors the fuelling status and control the fuelling if necessary. |
| Short Description | Once all the safety checks are confirmed, the vehicle and dispenser starts the fuelling according to the chosen fuelling protocol with given parameters. During the fuelling, vehicle and dispenser exchange various measured data to understand the fuelling status and detect any safety-critical incidents as early as possible. Vehicle can also submit certain commands to dispenser to control the fuelling procedure, such as starting and ending the fuelling.To support black-channel communication, UDP with DTLS is used for the communication. |
| Pre-conditions | All the safety checks are confirmed and vehicle and dispenser are ready to fuel. |
| Post-conditions | The fuelling is finished successfully. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| action | actionType | Optional:Action that Vehicle requests to Dispenser. - start - stop - (Any custom actions defined by fuelling protocol) |
| reason | reasonType | Optional:Reason for why the "action" is requested. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| status | statusType | Optional: - preparing - precooling - fuelling - standby - faulted - ramping-up - ramping-down - stopping - finished - stopped_error - stopped_requested - stopped_unknown - (Any custom status codes defined by fuelling protocol) |
| reason | reasonType | Optional:Reason for stopping when the fuelling is stopped abnormally |
| result | resultType | Result of processing the request message. 'OK' if successful. ‘FAILED' otherwise. See Table XYZ for the list of result codes. |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-8: "Safety Check-out" |
| Objectives | Vehicle and Dispenser confirms that all the necessary safety conditions are met before the nozzle can be detached from the receptacle |
| Short Description | After the fuelling has been finished, the vehicle and dispenser ensure that it is absolutely safe for the user or operator to unplug the nozzle from the vehicle. The vehicle and dispenser repeatedly report their condition until the safety checks are all confirmed. This use case may be omitted if the fuelling protocol does not require such safety checks at the end. |
| Pre-conditions | Fuelling is finished. |
| Post-conditions | It is safe to unplug the nozzle from the receptacle. |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-9: "Termination" |
| Objectives | As the last step of fuelling, vehicle and dispenser finalizes the fuelling by exchanging information about fuelling results regarding fuelling performance and methods, and any reasons if the fuelling stopped unexpectedly. This use case also handles the house-keeping when a non-safety-critical problem occurred. |
| Short Description | After the fuelling has been finished and safety checks are confirmed, vehicle and dispenser exchanges some book-keeping information regarding the fuelling session.When a non-safety-critical problem occurred, this use case allows the vehicle and dispenser to exchange wrap-up information about the fuelling session before leaving. |
| Pre-conditions | The fuelling is finished and the nozzle is safe to unplug.Or a non-safety-critical problem occurred during any other use cases. |
| Post-conditions | Information about the fuelling session is stored and the fuelling session is completely finished. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| tank_press | Final tank pressure | |
| tank_temp | Final tank temperature | |
| amount | Optional:The amount of hydrogen that is fuelled. | |
| soc | Optional:The final state of charge from vehicle's measurement | |
| reason | reasonType | Reason for termination from Vehicle's point of view. "finished" if dispenser indicated so. "stopped_user" if the user requested to stop. "complete" if the fuelling goal is achieved. "unknown" otherwise. Other reason code can be defined by fuelling protocol. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| aprr | Optional:Average Pressure Ramping Rate | |
| duration | Optional:Duration of the fuelling | |
| amount | Optional:The amount of hydrogen that is fuelled. | |
| soc | Optional:The final state of charge from dispenser's measurement | |
| result | resultType |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-10: "Error Handling" |
| Objectives | This use case handles the situation when a non-safety-critical error occurred by terminating the fuelling procedure similar to normal terminations or abruptly stopping the communication. |
| Short Description | At any time during the fuelling, a non-safety critical error can occur. In this case, vehicle and dispenser stops the use case at the moment and then move to Termination use case (UC-9) to finish the fuelling procedure with both ends informed about the termination reasons. If further communication is not possible, the communication channel is dropped without further notification. |
| Pre-conditions | A non-safety critical error occurred and fuelling cannot be performed further. |
| Post-conditions | Vehicle and dispenser is informed about the error and stopped the fuelling. |
| Type | Description |
| Use case name | UC-11: "Emergency Handling" |
| Objectives | Define safety-critical conditions that warrant an urgent response and prescribe the response procedure to avoid safety-critical incidents. |
| Short Description | For safe fueling, communication must exhibit expected behaviors according to the protocol and the fueling behavior must stay within the safe range of the fueling protocol. However, it is possible that something goes wrong and the fueling system approaches a critical condition that the system must avoid at all cost. In this use case, we define safety-critical emergency conditions and possible reactions, and provide exemplary cases to consider. |
| Pre-conditions | A safety-critical problem occurred during any moment of fuelling and an urgent response is necessary. |
| Post-conditions | Safety-critical incidents are avoided or minimized, and the fuelling session has been stopped completely. |
| Element Name | Type | Semantics |
| class | unsignedByte | Optional:Severity class of this emergency, from 1 to 5 with decreasing severity. |
| type | unsignedByte | Emergency reason code by number defined in Table XYZ |
| action | unsignedByte | Optional:Pre-defined action code necessary or recommended to be performed by the receiving party |
Claims (20)
- 수소 연료 모빌리티에 의하여 수행되는 수소 연료공급(fueling)을 위한 통신 방법으로서,상기 모빌리티에 수소를 연료공급하는 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간에 페어링에 관한 정보를 공유하고, 상기 모빌리티에 수소를 연료공급하는 디스펜서를 발견하는 단계;상기 페어링에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보를 체크하는 단계;상기 페어링에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 페어링을 수행하는 단계; 및상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정을 위한 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜에 관련되는 후속 과정을 상기 디스펜서와 적어도 하나 이상의 메시지를 송수신함으로써 수행하는 단계;를 포함하는, 수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 디스펜서를 발견하는 단계에서,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간에 송수신되는 메시지는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하고,상기 VSE 데이터 필드는, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 VSE 데이터 필드는, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부로서,상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 규격;상기 규격의 버전 (version);상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 연료공급 프로토콜;상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 통신 프로토콜; 또는상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티의 페어링을 위한 식별 정보;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 디스펜서를 발견하는 단계는,상기 모빌리티가 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티로부터 제1 메시지를 수신하는 단계;상기 제1 메시지에 기반하여 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는 단계; 및상기 식별된 상기 디스펜서로 연관 요청 메시지를 전송하는 단계;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는 단계는,상기 제1 메시지 내의 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 추출하는 단계;상기 VSE 데이터 필드에 기반하여 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 식별하는 단계; 및상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부에 기반하여 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는 단계;를 포함하는, 수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티 중 복수개의 디스펜서 후보로부터 상기 VSE 데이터 필드가 포함되는 상기 제1 메시지를 수신한 경우, 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는 단계는,상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부에 기반하여 상기 복수개의 디스펜서 후보 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는 단계;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 디스펜서를 발견하는 단계는,상기 모빌리티가 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티로, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하는 프로브 요청 메시지를 브로드캐스트하는 단계;상기 모빌리티가 적어도 하나 이상의 디스펜서 후보로부터 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하는 프로브 응답 메시지를 수신하는 단계;상기 프로브 응답 메시지 내의 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부에 기반하여 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 디스펜서 후보 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는 단계; 및상기 식별된 상기 디스펜서로 연관 요청 메시지를 전송하는 단계;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정을 위한 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜에 관련되는 후속 과정을 상기 디스펜서와 적어도 하나 이상의 메시지를 송수신함으로써 수행하는 단계는,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 통신 프로토콜을 협상하는 단계;상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 연료공급 프로토콜을 협상하는 단계; 및상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 연료공급 파라미터를 협상하는 단계;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보는,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 양방향 통신이 지원되는 지 여부;상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 양방향 통신을 통한 측정 데이터의 공유 기능이 지원되는 지 여부;상기 측정 데이터가 상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정의 제어 또는 관리에 이용될 수 있는 지 여부; 또는상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정 도중 상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 통신 환경의 변화에 기반하여 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜의 폴백(fallback) 또는 대안 프로토콜이 결정될 수 있는 지 여부;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 수소 연료 모빌리티에 배치되는 수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 장치로서,적어도 하나 이상의 명령을 저장하는 메모리; 및상기 적어도 하나의 명령을 실행하는 프로세서를 포함하고,상기 프로세서는, 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 명령에 의하여,상기 모빌리티에 수소를 연료공급하는 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간에 페어링에 관한 정보를 공유하고, 상기 모빌리티에 수소를 연료공급하는 디스펜서를 발견하고,상기 페어링에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보를 체크하고,상기 페어링에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 페어링을 수행하고,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정을 위한 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜에 관련되는 후속 과정을 상기 디스펜서와 적어도 하나 이상의 메시지를 송수신함으로써 수행하는 통신 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서가 상기 디스펜서를 발견할 때,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간에 송수신되는 메시지는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하고,상기 VSE 데이터 필드는, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는,통신 장치.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 VSE 데이터 필드는, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부로서,상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 규격;상기 규격의 버전 (version);상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 연료공급 프로토콜;상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 통신 프로토콜; 또는상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티의 페어링을 위한 식별 정보;를 포함하는,통신 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서가 상기 디스펜서를 발견할 때,적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티로부터 제1 메시지를 수신하고,상기 제1 메시지에 기반하여 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하고,상기 식별된 상기 디스펜서로 연관 요청 메시지를 전송하며,상기 프로세서가 상기 제1 메시지에 기반하여 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별할 때,상기 제1 메시지 내의 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 추출하고,상기 VSE 데이터 필드에 기반하여 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 식별하고,상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부에 기반하여 상기 디스펜서를 식별하는,통신 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서가 상기 디스펜서를 발견할 때,적어도 하나 이상의 무선 통신 엔티티로, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하는 프로브 요청 메시지를 브로드캐스트하고,적어도 하나 이상의 디스펜서 후보로부터 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하는 프로브 응답 메시지를 수신하고,상기 프로브 응답 메시지 내의 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부에 기반하여 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 디스펜서 후보 중 상기 디스펜서를 식별하고,상기 프로세서가 상기 식별된 상기 디스펜서로 연관 요청 메시지를 전송하는,통신 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는, 상기 적어도 하나 이상의 명령에 의하여, 상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 페어링 이후에,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 통신 프로토콜을 협상하고,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 연료공급 프로토콜을 협상하고,상기 디스펜서와 상기 모빌리티 간 연료공급 파라미터를 협상하는,통신 장치.
- 수소 연료 모빌리티에 수소를 연료공급하는 디스펜서의 통신 장치에 의하여 수행되는 수소 연료공급(fueling)을 위한 통신 방법으로서,상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간에 페어링에 관한 정보를 공유하고, 상기 모빌리티를 발견하는 단계;상기 페어링에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보를 체크하는 단계;상기 페어링에 관한 정보에 기반하여, 상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 페어링을 수행하는 단계; 및상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보에 기반하여, 상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정을 위한 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜에 관련되는 후속 과정을 상기 모빌리티와 적어도 하나 이상의 메시지를 송수신함으로써 수행하는 단계;를 포함하는, 수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 모빌리티를 발견하는 단계에서,상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간에 송수신되는 메시지는 VSE (Vendor Specific Element) 데이터 필드를 포함하고,상기 VSE 데이터 필드는, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,상기 VSE 데이터 필드는, 상기 페어링에 관한 정보의 적어도 일부로서,상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 규격;상기 규격의 버전 (version);상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 연료공급 프로토콜;상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티에서 지원되는 통신 프로토콜; 또는상기 디스펜서 또는 상기 모빌리티의 페어링을 위한 식별 정보;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정을 위한 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜에 관련되는 후속 과정을 상기 모빌리티와 적어도 하나 이상의 메시지를 송수신함으로써 수행하는 단계는,상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 통신 프로토콜을 협상하는 단계;상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 연료공급 프로토콜을 협상하는 단계; 및상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 연료공급 파라미터를 협상하는 단계;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 상호운용성 또는 호환성 관련 정보는,상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 양방향 통신이 지원되는 지 여부;상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 양방향 통신을 통한 측정 데이터의 공유 기능이 지원되는 지 여부;상기 측정 데이터가 상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정의 제어 또는 관리에 이용될 수 있는 지 여부; 또는상기 디스펜서가 상기 모빌리티로 수소를 연료공급하는 과정 도중 상기 모빌리티와 상기 디스펜서 간 통신 환경의 변화에 기반하여 통신 프로토콜 또는 연료공급 프로토콜의 폴백(fallback) 또는 대안 프로토콜이 결정될 수 있는 지 여부;를 포함하는,수소 연료공급을 위한 통신 방법.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011033068A (ja) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | ガス充填システム |
| JP2015214992A (ja) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-12-03 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料ガス充填システム及び燃料ガス充填方法 |
| JP2019002515A (ja) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-10 | 株式会社タツノ | 水素充填装置 |
| KR20210130193A (ko) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-10-29 | 니콜라 코퍼레이션 | 수소 연료보급 및 전기 충전을 위한 통신 시스템들 및 방법들 |
| KR20230051193A (ko) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-04-17 | 아이비스 인크. | 수소 연료공급 시스템 및 방법 |
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- 2024-05-27 KR KR1020240068804A patent/KR20240170490A/ko active Pending
- 2024-05-27 WO PCT/KR2024/007172 patent/WO2024242512A1/ko not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011033068A (ja) * | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-17 | Toyota Motor Corp | ガス充填システム |
| JP2015214992A (ja) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-12-03 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料ガス充填システム及び燃料ガス充填方法 |
| JP2019002515A (ja) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-01-10 | 株式会社タツノ | 水素充填装置 |
| KR20210130193A (ko) * | 2019-02-18 | 2021-10-29 | 니콜라 코퍼레이션 | 수소 연료보급 및 전기 충전을 위한 통신 시스템들 및 방법들 |
| KR20230051193A (ko) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-04-17 | 아이비스 인크. | 수소 연료공급 시스템 및 방법 |
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| CN121241217A (zh) | 2025-12-30 |
| KR20240170490A (ko) | 2024-12-03 |
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