WO2024176341A1 - 計算装置、計算方法およびプログラム - Google Patents
計算装置、計算方法およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024176341A1 WO2024176341A1 PCT/JP2023/006200 JP2023006200W WO2024176341A1 WO 2024176341 A1 WO2024176341 A1 WO 2024176341A1 JP 2023006200 W JP2023006200 W JP 2023006200W WO 2024176341 A1 WO2024176341 A1 WO 2024176341A1
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- input power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2537—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to scattering processes, e.g. Raman or Brillouin scattering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a calculation device, a calculation method, and a program.
- FIG. 6A is a conceptual diagram of power transition between channels.
- the first horizontal axis indicates frequency, and the second horizontal axis indicates wavelength.
- the channel value (channel i) is smaller on the right side of the horizontal axis and larger on the left side.
- the channel adjacent to channel i on the high-frequency short-wavelength side (right) is channel i-1.
- the channel adjacent to channel i on the low-frequency long-wavelength side (left) is channel i+1.
- the wavelength value corresponding to the channel is smaller on the right side of the horizontal axis and larger on the left side ( ⁇ i+1 > ⁇ i > ⁇ i-1 ).
- the frequency value is larger on the right side of the horizontal axis and smaller on the left side (f i+1 ⁇ f i ⁇ f i-1 ).
- the optical signal of each channel is transmitted through the optical fiber over a predetermined span length.
- the power P i-1 of the channel adjacent to channel i on the higher frequency/shorter wavelength side (right) transitions to the power P i of channel i.
- the power P i of channel i transitions to the power P i+1 of the channel adjacent to channel i on the lower frequency/longer wavelength side (left).
- the signal quality of the post-transmission power of each channel varies depending on the wavelength.
- the post-transmission power P i-1 , etc. of a channel adjacent to channel i on the higher frequency/shorter wavelength side (right) has a larger loss as the frequency increases.
- the post-transmission power P i+1 , etc. of a channel adjacent to channel i on the lower frequency/longer wavelength side (left) has a smaller loss as the frequency decreases. Therefore, as shown by the two-dot chain line in Fig. 6B, the spectrum of the post-transmission power of each channel has a downward slope (tilt) to the right.
- Hiroki Kawahara, Kohei Saito, Sachio Suda, Takeshi Seki, and Hideki Maeda “Cancellation of Static and Dynamic Power Transitions induced by inter-band Stimulated Raman Scattering in C+L-band WDM Transmission,” 25th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, Oct. 2020.
- Fukutaro Hamaoka Kyo Minoguchi, Takeo Sasai, Asuka Matsushita, Masanori Nakamura, Seiji Okamoto, Etsushi Yamazaki, and Yoshiaki Kisaka, “150.3-Tb/s Ultra-Wideband (S, C, and L Bands) Single-Mode Fiber Transmission over 40 -km Using >519Gb/s/ ⁇ PDM-128QAM Signals,” 44th European Conference on Optical Communication, Rome, Italy, Sept. 2018.
- DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
- C-band Conventional band
- L-band Long wavelength band
- the wavelength and frequency of the C-band are (1530-1565 nm, 191.56-195.94 THz).
- the wavelength and frequency of the L-band are (1565-1625 nm, 184.49-191.56 THz). Therefore, the wavelength band of the C-band or L-band is approximately 4.8 THz wide.
- the present invention aims to solve the above problem and calculate the input power that eliminates the gradient in signal quality during transmission in DWDM using two adjacent bands.
- the calculation device is a calculation device that calculates the input power of each channel in two adjacent bands to an optical fiber transmission line, and is characterized in that the transition of power in the transmission line due to the influence of stimulated Raman scattering depends on the number of existing channels in the optical fiber transmission line, and calculates the input power that eliminates the gradient in signal quality using a coefficient that indicates the gradient of the input power spectrum.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a system including a computing device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wavelength multiplexing network.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power spectrum.
- 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing of the computing device according to the first embodiment.
- 10 is a flowchart showing a process flow of a computing device according to a second embodiment.
- 11 is a graph showing signal quality according to an example and a comparative example.
- FIG. 2 is a hardware configuration diagram illustrating an example of a computer that realizes the functions of a computing device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of power transition between channels.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the tilt of a power spectrum.
- the optical transmission system 1 includes a network equipment monitoring device 10 and a network device 20.
- the network equipment monitoring device 10 is configured, for example, by a network element operation system (NE-OpS).
- the network equipment monitoring device 10 includes a control unit 11 that monitors the network device 20.
- the network device 20 is, for example, an optical transmission device such as a ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer).
- the network device 20 includes, for example, a transponder 21, a wavelength selective switch (WSS) 22, an optical amplifier unit 23, and a control unit 24.
- WSS wavelength selective switch
- the number of network devices 20 is arbitrary. When distinguishing between the three network devices shown in FIG. 1, they are written as NE1, NE2, and NE3, and when not distinguishing between them, they are written as network device 20.
- an electrical signal is input from an external communication device to the transponder 21 of the network device NE1
- this electrical signal is converted to an optical signal by the transponder 21, multiplexed by the wavelength selective switch 22, amplified by the optical amplifier 23, and then transmitted to the outside.
- This optical signal is amplified, for example, by the optical amplifier 23 of the network device NE3.
- This amplified optical signal is amplified, for example, by the optical amplifier 23 of the network device NE2, then demultiplexed by the wavelength selective switch 22, received by the transponder 21, and transmitted to a communication device (not shown).
- this optical transmission system 1 is for bidirectional communication.
- the network device NE3 is a device specialized in amplifying optical signals.
- optical fiber transmission lines F1 to F11 are laid between multiple buildings B1 to B6, forming a wavelength multiplexing network.
- At least one network device 20 is installed in each of the buildings B1 to B6.
- the network device 20 includes a calculation device 30.
- the control units 24 of the NE1 and NE2, which are optical transmission devices such as ROADMs, include the calculation device 30 (see FIG. 1).
- the calculation device 30 calculates the input power of each channel in two adjacent bands to an optical fiber transmission line.
- the calculation device 30 assumes that the transition of power in the transmission line due to the influence of stimulated Raman scattering depends on the number of existing channels in the optical fiber transmission line, and calculates the input power that eliminates the gradient of the signal quality using a coefficient indicating the gradient of the input power spectrum.
- the calculation device 30 does not require optimization through iterative calculation.
- the calculation device 30 executes calculation of the input power of each channel based on the relational expression of the transmission line fiber input power.
- the relational expression of the transmission line fiber input power relates the transmission line fiber input power ratio of adjacent channels as a coefficient indicating the slope of the input power spectrum.
- the relational expression of the transmission line fiber input power is based on OSNR, which is a signal quality parameter expressed assuming that the loss coefficient of the transmission line fiber and the noise figure of the amplifier are uniform with respect to frequency. This relational expression of the transmission line fiber input power can make the incoming power for each span uniform.
- OSNR is an abbreviation for Optical Signal to Noise Ratio.
- the calculation device 30 can calculate the input power of each channel based on the following formula (2), with the signal quality parameter being the OSNR expressed by the following formula (1):
- OSNR i OSNR of channel i
- P i transmission fiber input power of channel i [W]
- LOSS i span loss of channel i (including the effect of stimulated Raman scattering)
- F noise figure of the amplifier
- N number of spans
- h Planck's constant [mJ s]
- f i frequency of channel i [THz]
- f r frequency of noise bandwidth [THz]
- ⁇ loss coefficient of the transmission fiber [km -1 ]
- r coefficient indicating the slope of the input power spectrum, which is the ratio of the transmission fiber input power of adjacent channels
- k slope of the Raman gain coefficient [km -1 W -1 THz -1 ]
- f channel spacing [THz]
- L span length [km]
- ⁇ 1 utilization rate of band 1
- ⁇ 2 utilization rate of band 2
- M maximum number of channels.
- the two adjacent bands consist of the L band and the C band, as shown in Figure 2B.
- Channel 1 (ch 1) is set to the C band
- channel M (ch M) is set to the L band.
- band 1 is the C band
- band 2 is the L band.
- the two adjacent bands can also be composed of the C band and the S band.
- the wavelength and frequency of the S band are (1460-1530 nm, 195.94-205.34 THz).
- Band 1 is the S band and Band 2 is the C band.
- the two adjacent bands can also be composed of the U band (Ultralong wavelength band) and the L band.
- Band 1 is the L band and Band 2 is the U band.
- the (wavelength, frequency) of the U band is (1625-1675 nm, 178.97-184.49 THz).
- the type of the optical fiber transmission line is not particularly limited.
- the type of the optical fiber transmission line may be, for example, G.652 SMF (single mode optical fiber), G.653 DSF (Dispersion-shifted fiber), or G.654 CSF (Cut-off shifted fiber).
- the span length is not particularly limited. The span length may be, for example, 0-1000 km.
- the optical transmission system 1 can use, for example, optical fiber for undersea systems or optical fiber for terrestrial systems.
- the optical transmission system 1 is configured to accommodate fluctuations in the number of existing channels in the optical fiber transmission path, which is particularly required for terrestrial systems.
- the channel arrangement within each band is not important. Flexible grids are accommodated by replacing channels with grids.
- the input power of the optical fiber transmission line is adjusted by one or all of the amplifiers, attenuators, and wavelength selective switches, for example, by control from the network equipment monitoring device 10 via an interface.
- the amplifiers, attenuators, and wavelength selective switches can be devices that support multiple bands, or devices that support a single band. When multiple bands need to be multiplexed or demultiplexed, this is done by either or both of a coupler and a wavelength selective switch.
- the input power of the optical fiber transmission line can also be adjusted by one or all of the amplifiers, attenuators, and wavelength selective switches, by control from an EMS (Element Management System) (not shown) via an interface.
- EMS lement Management System
- the network device 20 may be, for example, a transmission device having any or all of the functions of add, drop, and cross connect.
- the control units 24 of the network devices NE1 and NE2 are described as being equipped with the computing device 30, this is not limiting.
- the control unit 24 of the network device NE3 may also be equipped with the computing device 30.
- the control unit 11 of the network equipment monitoring device 10 and an EMS may also be equipped with the computing device 30.
- the calculation device 30 searches for and determines a coefficient indicating the slope of the input power spectrum based on the GSNR when the incoming OSNR is uniform, under the condition that the GSNR of the highest frequency channel is maximum when the incoming OSNR is uniform and the highest frequency channel has the highest input power among all channels.
- the calculation device 30 calculates the transmission line fiber input power for all channels using the determined coefficient.
- GSNR is an abbreviation for Generalized signal-to-noise ratio.
- the calculation device 30 uses, for example, the following formula (3) as the GSNR when the incoming OSNR is uniform.
- the highest frequency channel is assumed to be channel 1.
- the coefficient indicating the slope of the input power spectrum is assumed to be the transmission line fiber input power ratio r.
- GSNR i GSNR of channel i
- P ASE,i linear noise power of channel i [W]
- P NLI,i nonlinear noise power of channel i [W]
- h Planck's constant [J s]
- ⁇ 0,i loss coefficient of channel i just after input to the transmission fiber [km -1 ]
- ⁇ i loss coefficient of channel i averaged along the length of the transmission fiber [km -1 ]
- ⁇ i nonlinear noise coefficient of channel i [W -2 ]
- ⁇ nonlinear coefficient [km -1 W -1 ]
- ⁇ 2 group velocity dispersion [ps 2 km -1 ].
- the unit prefix p indicates 10 -12 .
- the calculation device 30 first searches for the coefficient r at which the GSNR of channel 1 is maximized based on formula (3) (step S11). Then, the calculation device 30 fixes the coefficient r and calculates the input power based on formula (2) (step S12). Note that the calculation device 30 according to the first embodiment can also calculate the GSNR for all channels based on formula (3) using the input power calculated for all channels.
- the calculation device 30 according to the second embodiment adjusts the input power calculated by the calculation device 30 according to the first embodiment to calculate a corrected input power.
- the calculation device 30 according to the second embodiment uses, for calculation, the transmission line fiber input power for all channels calculated based on the coefficient determined by searching and the relational expression of the transmission line fiber input power, and the GSNR for all channels when the incoming OSNR is uniform.
- the calculation device 30 fixes the optical fiber transmission line input power of the highest frequency channel, and calculates the corrected input power by adjusting the optical fiber transmission line input power of each channel so as to cancel the GSNR difference between the channels.
- the calculation device 30 calculates a corrected input power by substituting r determined by the calculation device 30 according to the first embodiment, the transmission line fiber input power P i for all channels calculated based on the formula (2), and the GSNR i for all channels calculated based on the formula (3) into the right side of the following formula (9).
- the accent of P on the left side of formula (9) is a hat.
- Hat P i is the input power obtained by correcting P i . lnr indicates the natural logarithm of r.
- the calculation device 30 calculates the GSNR based on the formula (3) (step S13). Then, the calculation device 30 corrects the input power based on the formula (9) (step S14). The calculation device 30 can calculate the input power that eliminates the gradient of the signal quality by taking into account the change in the amount of stimulated Raman scattering generated by using the formula (9). Note that the calculation device 30 can also calculate the GSNR for all channels based on the formula (3) by using the input power corrected for all channels.
- the first simulation is a verification experiment of the effect of eliminating the gradient of the signal quality by the computing device 30 according to the first embodiment.
- the maximum number of channels M is set to 160. Note that the maximum number of channels M is the maximum value of the number of channels that can be set.
- the calculation device 30 of the first embodiment calculated the transmission fiber input power P i for all channels under the condition that the GSNR 1 of channel 1 is maximum based on the formula (3).
- the transmission fiber input power P i is an input power of the short wavelength band that is previously increased and has a slope.
- this P i was used to calculate the GSNR i for all channels again based on the formula (3).
- the result at this time was set as Example 1.
- the GSNR was calculated when the input power was flat. The result at this time was set as Comparative Example 1.
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the results of the first simulation.
- the horizontal axis of the graph indicates frequency, and the vertical axis indicates GSNR.
- the thin line indicates Example 1
- the dashed line indicates Comparative Example 1.
- the GSNR is 18.4 dB at channel number 160 (186.55 THz)
- the GSNR is 17.2 dB at channel number 81 (190.50 THz)
- the difference between them is 1.2 dB.
- the GSNR is 16.7 dB at channel number 80 (192.15 THz)
- the GSNR is 15.1 dB at channel number 1 (196.10 THz), and the difference between them is 1.6 dB.
- the GSNR is 17.1 dB at channel number 160 (186.55 THz), the GSNR is 16.8 dB at channel number 81 (190.50 THz), and the difference between them is 0.3 dB. Also, the GSNR is 16.6 dB at channel number 80 (192.15 THz), and the GSNR is 15.9 dB at channel number 1 (196.10 THz), and the difference between them is 0.7 dB. In the first embodiment, the minimum GSNR is 15.9 dB. As shown in Fig. 4, in Comparative Example 1, since no special measures were taken, a gradient in signal quality occurred. In Example 1, the gradient in signal quality was clearly eliminated. Example 1 also showed good results in improving the variation in signal quality due to wavelength.
- the GSNR obtained by full search optimization of the offset-tilt method was calculated.
- the result was designated as Comparative Example 2.
- the two-dot chain line indicates Comparative Example 2.
- the GSNR is 16.2 dB at channel number 160 (186.55 THz)
- the GSNR is 16.3 dB at channel number 81 (190.50 THz)
- the difference between them is -0.1 dB.
- the GSNR is 16.3 dB at channel number 80 (192.15 THz)
- the GSNR is 16.2 dB at channel number 1 (196.10 THz)
- the difference between them is 0.1 dB.
- the minimum GSNR is 16.2 dB.
- the minimum GSNR (15.9 dB) in Example 1 is smaller than the GSNR (16.2 dB) of the lowest quality channel obtained in Comparative Example 2. This suggests that there is room for improving the signal quality by relaxing the condition of uniform incoming OSNR in Example 1.
- the calculation device 30 of the second embodiment which relaxes the condition of uniform incoming OSNR, is expected to further improve the signal quality.
- the second simulation is a verification experiment of the effect of eliminating the gradient of the signal quality by the calculation device 30 according to the second embodiment.
- the simulation conditions are the same as those of the first simulation.
- the calculation device 30 according to the second embodiment adjusts the input power calculated by the calculation device 30 according to the first embodiment based on the formula (9) to calculate the corrected input power.
- the GSNR i is calculated again for all channels based on the formula (3) using the corrected input power. This result is set as Example 2.
- Example 4 also shows the results of the second simulation.
- the bold line indicates Example 2.
- the GSNR is 16.2 dB at channel number 160 (186.55 THz)
- the GSNR is 16.3 dB at channel number 81 (190.50 THz), and the difference between them is -0.1 dB.
- the GSNR is 16.4 dB at channel number 80 (192.15 THz)
- the GSNR is 16.1 dB at channel number 1 (196.10 THz)
- the minimum GSNR in Example 2 is 16.1 dB. 4
- Example 2 shows good results in that the signal quality gradient is eliminated and the variation in signal quality due to wavelength is improved, similar to Example 1.
- the spectrum of signal quality is flatter.
- the calculation device 30 according to the second embodiment can maximize the GSNR of the lowest quality channel by equalizing the GSNR by lowering the input power of the channel with an excessive GSNR in the first embodiment through the operation based on the formula (9).
- the operation of correcting the input power P i based on the formula (9) hardly changes the nonlinear effect (P NLI,i ).
- P NLI,i the nonlinear effect
- the input power of the high frequency side channel where P i is large hardly changes.
- the low frequency side channel where P i is small has originally small nonlinear effect.
- P NLI,i is included in the denominator of the right side of the formula (3) and is defined by the formula (5).
- ⁇ i on the right side of the formula (5) is defined by the formula (8).
- this operation changes the amount of stimulated Raman scattering that occurs, which can be described by a relational expression with the total input power. Therefore, the amount by which the GSNR difference is reduced is the amount by which the change in the amount of stimulated Raman scattering generated is subtracted from the change in the amount of P i
- the power of the low frequency channel is reduced, so that the power lost from P 1 by stimulated Raman scattering is reduced, and the GSNR 1 is improved.
- the computing device 30 according to each embodiment is realized by a computer 900 having a configuration as shown in Fig. 5.
- Fig. 5 is a hardware configuration diagram showing an example of the computer 900 that realizes the functions of the computing device 30 according to this embodiment.
- the computer 900 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 901, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 902, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 903, a HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 904, an input/output I/F (Interface) 905, a communication I/F 906, and a media I/F 907.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- HDD Hard Disk Drive
- I/F Interface
- the CPU 901 operates based on programs stored in the ROM 902 or the HDD 904.
- the ROM 902 stores a boot program executed by the CPU 901 when the computer 900 starts up, programs related to the hardware of the computer 900, and the like.
- the CPU 901 controls an input device 910 such as a mouse or keyboard, and an output device 911 such as a display or printer, via an input/output I/F 905.
- the CPU 901 acquires data from the input device 910 via the input/output I/F 905, and outputs generated data to the output device 911.
- a GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- a processor may be used as a processor in addition to the CPU 901.
- the HDD 904 stores the programs executed by the CPU 901 and the data used by the programs.
- the communication I/F 906 receives data from other devices via the communication network 920 and outputs the data to the CPU 901, and also transmits data generated by the CPU 901 to other devices via the communication network 920.
- the media I/F 907 reads the program or data stored in the recording medium 912 and outputs it to the CPU 901 via the RAM 903.
- the CPU 901 loads the program related to the target processing from the recording medium 912 onto the RAM 903 via the media I/F 907, and executes the loaded program.
- the recording medium 912 is an optical recording medium such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) or a PD (Phase change rewritable Disk), a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO (Magneto Optical disk), a magnetic recording medium, or a semiconductor memory, etc.
- the CPU 901 realizes the functions of the computing device 30 by executing a program loaded onto the RAM 903.
- the HDD 904 stores data in the RAM 903.
- the CPU 901 reads and executes a program related to the target processing from the recording medium 912.
- the CPU 901 can also read a program related to the target processing from another device via the communication network 920.
- the calculation device 30 calculates the input power of each channel in two adjacent bands to an optical fiber transmission line, and is characterized in that it assumes that the transition of power in the transmission line due to the influence of stimulated Raman scattering depends on the number of existing channels in the optical fiber transmission line, and calculates the input power that eliminates the gradient of the signal quality using the coefficient r that indicates the gradient of the input power spectrum.
- the calculation device 30 calculates the input power of each channel in two adjacent bands. Therefore, the calculation device 30 can calculate how much the input power of the short wavelength band should be boosted in advance, optimally, to keep the signal quality constant from the short wavelength band to the long wavelength band on the receiving side.
- the calculation device 30 is characterized in that it performs calculations of the input power of each channel based on a relational equation for the transmission line fiber input power that makes the incoming power for each span uniform based on the OSNR, which is a signal quality parameter expressed by assuming that the loss coefficient of the transmission line fiber and the noise figure of the amplifier are uniform with respect to frequency, and which relates the transmission line fiber input power ratio of adjacent channels as a coefficient indicating the slope of the input power spectrum.
- the calculation device 30 calculates the input power of each channel in two adjacent bands based on the relational equation for the transmission line fiber input power.
- the relational equation for the transmission line fiber input power relates the transmission line fiber input power ratio of adjacent channels as a coefficient indicating the slope of the input power spectrum, and since it makes the incoming power for each span uniform, it is possible to make the incoming OSNR uniform.
- the calculation device 30 can calculate the input power that eliminates the slope of the signal quality in DWDM.
- the calculation device 30 is characterized in that it searches for and determines coefficients based on the GSNR when the incoming OSNR is uniform, under the condition that the GSNR of the highest frequency channel is maximum when the incoming OSNR is uniform and the highest frequency channel has the highest input power among all channels, and uses the determined coefficients to calculate the transmission path fiber input power for all channels.
- the calculation device 30 searches for coefficients under the condition that the GSNR of the highest frequency channel is maximized at this time, thereby maximizing the signal quality after uniformizing it. In other words, the calculation device 30 maximizes the signal quality of the channel with the lowest signal quality.
- the input power calculated based on the relational expression using the coefficients determined at this time becomes the input power that eliminates the gradient of the signal quality. Therefore, the calculated input power can flatten the signal quality that normally has a gradient such that the GSNR of the channel increases as the frequency decreases.
- the calculation device 30 is characterized in that it uses the determined coefficients, the transmission line fiber input power for all channels calculated based on the relational expression, and the GSNR for all channels when the incoming OSNR is uniform to fix the optical fiber transmission line input power of the highest frequency channel and calculate the corrected input power by adjusting the optical fiber transmission line input power of each channel so as to cancel out the GSNR difference between the channels.
- the calculation device 30 fixes the optical fiber transmission line input power of the highest frequency channel and adjusts the optical fiber transmission line input power of each channel to cancel out the GSNR difference between channels, so that the input power of a channel with an excessive GSNR can be reduced. Therefore, the calculation device 30 can maximize the signal quality while standardizing it.
- the calculation method is a calculation method of a calculation device 30 that calculates the input power to an optical fiber transmission line for each channel in two adjacent bands, and is characterized in that the calculation device 30 assumes that the transition of power in the transmission line due to the influence of stimulated Raman scattering depends on the number of existing channels in the optical fiber transmission line, and calculates the input power that eliminates the gradient in signal quality using a coefficient that indicates the gradient of the input power spectrum.
- the calculation device 30 calculates the input power of each channel in two adjacent bands. Therefore, the calculation device 30 can calculate how much the input power of the short wavelength band should be boosted in advance, optimally, to keep the signal quality and incoming power constant from the short wavelength band to the long wavelength band on the receiving side.
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Abstract
Description
図6Aは、チャネル間のパワー遷移の概念図である。第1の横軸は周波数を示し、第2の横軸は波長を示す。ここでは、各チャネルの入力パワーが等しいものとする。チャネルの値(チャネルi)は、横軸において右側が小さく左側が大きい。チャネルiから見て高周波数短波長側(右)に隣接するチャネルはチャネルi-1である。チャネルiから見て低周波数長波長側(左)に隣接するチャネルはチャネルi+1である。なお、チャネルに対応する波長の値は、横軸において右側が小さく左側が大きい(λi+1 > λi > λi-1 )。一方、周波数の値は、横軸において右側が大きく左側が小さい(fi+1< fi < fi-1 )。
[システム構成の概要]
図1に示すように、光伝送システム1は、ネットワーク設備監視装置10と、ネットワーク装置20と、を備えている。ネットワーク設備監視装置10は、例えば、NE-OpS(Network element operation system)で構成される。ネットワーク設備監視装置10は、ネットワーク装置20を監視する制御部11を備えている。
計算装置30は、隣り合う2つのバンドにおける各チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路への入力パワーを計算する。計算装置30は、誘導ラマン散乱の影響による伝送路中パワーの遷移を光ファイバ伝送路内既存チャネル数に依存するものとし、入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数を用いて、信号品質の傾斜を解消する入力パワーを計算する。計算装置30は、反復計算による最適化を必要としない。
また、隣り合う2つのバンドは、U帯(Ultralong wavelength band)とL帯で構成することもできる。この例では、高周波側から順番に、バンド 1はL帯であり、バンド 2はU帯である。U帯の(波長、周波数)は、(1625-1675 nm, 178.97-184.49 THz)である。
ネットワーク装置NE1,NE2の制御部24が、計算装置30を備えていることとしたが、これに限らない。例えばネットワーク装置NE3の制御部24が、計算装置30を備えることもできる。また、ネットワーク設備監視装置10の制御部11や図示しないEMSが、計算装置30を備えることもできる。
第1実施形態に係る計算装置30は、着信 OSNR が均一のときのGSNRに基づいて、着信 OSNR が均一かつ最高周波数チャネルが全チャネル中の最高入力パワーであるときに最高周波数チャネルのGSNRが最大値となる条件で、入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数を探索して決定する。計算装置30は、決定した係数を用いて、伝送路ファイバ入力パワーを全チャネルについて算出する。なお、GSNRは、Generalized signal-to-noise ratioの略である。計算装置30は、着信 OSNR が均一のときのGSNRとして、たとえば、次の数式(3)を用いる。ここで、最高周波数チャネルは、チャネル 1であるものとする。入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数は、伝送路ファイバ入力パワー比rであるものとする。
第2実施形態に係る計算装置30は、第1実施形態に係る計算装置30で算出した入力パワーを調整して、補正された入力パワーを算出する。第2実施形態に係る計算装置30は、探索して決定した係数と、伝送路ファイバ入力パワーの関係式に基づいて算出した全チャネルについての伝送路ファイバ入力パワーと、着信 OSNR が均一のときの全チャネルについてのGSNRと、を計算に用いる。計算装置30は、最高周波数チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路入力パワーを固定し、チャネル間の GSNR差を打ち消すように各チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路入力パワーを調整することで、補正された入力パワーを算出する。
計算装置30は、数式(9)を用いることで、誘導ラマン散乱発生量の変化を考慮して、信号品質の傾斜を解消する入力パワーを算出することができる。なお、計算装置30は、全チャネルについて補正した入力パワーを用いて、数式(3)に基づいて、全チャネルについてのGSNRを算出することもできる。
(第1シミュレーション)
第1シミュレーションは、第1実施形態に係る計算装置30による信号品質の傾斜を解消する効果の検証実験である。シミュレーション条件としては、最大チャネル数Mを160とした。なお、最大チャネル数Mは、設定されるチャネル数の最大値である。
C帯側の192.15~196.10 THzにおいて、中心周波数間隔f=50[GHz]で、チャネル数80(チャネル番号1~80)の周波数fiを設定した。
L帯側の186.55~190.50 THzにおいて、中心周波数間隔f=50[GHz]で、チャネル数80(チャネル番号81~160)の周波数fiを設定した。
図4に示すように、比較例1では、なんら工夫をしていないので、信号品質の傾斜が発生した。実施例1では、明らかに信号品質の傾斜が解消された。また、実施例1は、波長による信号品質のばらつきを改善できる良好な結果を示している。
したがって、実施例1において最小のGSNR(15.9 dB)は、比較例2で得られる最低品質チャネルの GSNR(16.2 dB)よりも小さい。このことは、実施例1において着信 OSNR 均一の条件を緩和することで、信号品質を改善する余地があることを示唆している。すなわち、着信 OSNR 均一の条件を緩和した第2実施形態の計算装置30は、信号品質をさらに改善することが予想される。
第2シミュレーションは、第2実施形態に係る計算装置30による信号品質の傾斜を解消する効果の検証実験である。シミュレーション条件は、第1シミュレーションの条件と同様である。第2実施形態の計算装置30は、第1実施形態に係る計算装置30で算出した入力パワーを、数式(9)に基づいて調整し、補正された入力パワーを算出した。次に、検証のために、この補正された入力パワーを用いて、あらためて数式(3)に基づいて、GSNRiを全チャネルについて算出した。この結果を実施例2とした。
図4に示すように、実施例2は、実施例1と同様に信号品質の傾斜が解消され、波長による信号品質のばらつきを改善できる良好な結果を示している。加えて、実施例2では、信号品質のスペクトルが、よりフラットになった。
第1に、入力パワーPiを数式(9)に基づいて補正する操作は、非線形影響 (PNLI, i) をほとんど変化させないからである。この操作によると、Pi が大きな高周波数側チャネルの入力パワーは、ほとんど変化しない。また、Pi が小さな低周波数側チャネルは、もともと非線形影響が小さい。なお、PNLI, i は、数式(3)の右辺の分母に含まれており、数式(5)で定義される。数式(5)の右辺のηiは、数式(8)で定義される。
第2に、この操作により、誘導ラマン散乱の発生量が変化するからである。誘導ラマン散乱の発生量は、総入力パワーとの関係式で記述できる。
したがって、Pi の変化量から誘導ラマン散乱発生量の変化量を引いた量が、GSNR 差を縮める量になる。実施例2は、低周波数側チャネルのパワーが小さくなることで、誘導ラマン散乱によってP1 が奪われるパワーが小さくなり、GSNR1 が改善している。
各実施形態に係る計算装置30は、例えば図5に示すような構成のコンピュータ900によって実現される。図5は、本実施形態に係る計算装置30の機能を実現するコンピュータ900の一例を示すハードウェア構成図である。コンピュータ900は、CPU(Central Processing Unit)901、ROM(Read Only Memory)902、RAM(Random Access Memory)903、HDD(Hard Disk Drive)904、入出力I/F(Interface)905、通信I/F906およびメディアI/F907を有する。
以上説明したように、計算装置は、隣り合う2つのバンドにおける各チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路への入力パワーを計算する計算装置30であって、誘導ラマン散乱の影響による伝送路中パワーの遷移を光ファイバ伝送路内既存チャネル数に依存するものとし、入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数rを用いて、信号品質の傾斜を解消する入力パワーを計算することを特徴とする。
10 ネットワーク設備監視装置(NE-OpS)
11 制御部
20 ネットワーク装置(NE)
21 トランスポンダ
22 波長選択スイッチ(WSS)
23 光増幅部
24 制御部
30 計算装置
Claims (6)
- 隣り合う2つのバンドにおける各チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路への入力パワーを計算する計算装置であって、
誘導ラマン散乱の影響による伝送路中パワーの遷移を光ファイバ伝送路内既存チャネル数に依存するものとし、入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数を用いて、信号品質の傾斜を解消する入力パワーを計算することを特徴とする計算装置。 - 伝送路ファイバの損失係数およびアンプの雑音指数が周波数に対して均一であると仮定して表される信号品質のパラメータであるOSNRに基づいてスパンごとの着信パワーを均一にする伝送路ファイバ入力パワーの関係式であって、隣り合うチャネルの伝送路ファイバ入力パワー比を前記入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数として関係づけた関係式に基づいて、各チャネルの前記入力パワーの計算を実行することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の計算装置。
- 着信 OSNR が均一のときのGSNRに基づいて、着信 OSNR が均一かつ最高周波数チャネルが全チャネル中の最高入力パワーであるときに最高周波数チャネルのGSNRが最大値となる条件で前記係数を探索して決定し、決定した係数を用いて、伝送路ファイバ入力パワーを全チャネルについて算出することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の計算装置。
- 前記決定した係数と、前記関係式に基づいて算出した全チャネルについての伝送路ファイバ入力パワーと、着信 OSNR が均一のときの全チャネルについてのGSNRと、を用いて、最高周波数チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路入力パワーを固定し、チャネル間の GSNR差を打ち消すように各チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路入力パワーを調整することで、補正された入力パワーを算出することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の計算装置。
- 隣り合う2つのバンドにおける各チャネルの光ファイバ伝送路への入力パワーを計算する計算装置の計算方法であって、
前記計算装置は、
誘導ラマン散乱の影響による伝送路中パワーの遷移を光ファイバ伝送路内既存チャネル数に依存するものとし、入力パワースペクトルの傾きを示す係数を用いて、信号品質の傾斜を解消する入力パワーを計算することを特徴とする計算方法。 - コンピュータを、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の計算装置として機能させるためのプログラム。
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