WO2024166396A1 - 中継装置、中継方法及び基地局 - Google Patents

中継装置、中継方法及び基地局 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024166396A1
WO2024166396A1 PCT/JP2023/004650 JP2023004650W WO2024166396A1 WO 2024166396 A1 WO2024166396 A1 WO 2024166396A1 JP 2023004650 W JP2023004650 W JP 2023004650W WO 2024166396 A1 WO2024166396 A1 WO 2024166396A1
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Prior art keywords
ris
information
ncr
unit
control
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
尚哉 芝池
翔平 吉岡
大輔 栗田
聡 永田
春陽 越後
祐輝 松村
シャン リ
ギョウリン コウ
シン ワン
ラン チン
ファン ワン
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NTT Docomo Inc
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NTT Docomo Inc
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Priority to PCT/JP2023/004650 priority Critical patent/WO2024166396A1/ja
Priority to JP2024576079A priority patent/JPWO2024166396A1/ja
Priority to EP23921225.1A priority patent/EP4664780A1/en
Priority to CN202380096947.4A priority patent/CN120937259A/zh
Publication of WO2024166396A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024166396A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/04013—Intelligent reflective surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a relay device, a relay method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • Non-Patent Document 1 LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher capacity and greater sophistication over LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).
  • LTE 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 5G+ 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
  • NR New Radio
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • sub-terahertz bands are being considered for future wireless communication systems (e.g., after NR).
  • one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a relay device, a relay method, and a base station for appropriately performing communication in a wireless communication system using the sub-terahertz band.
  • a relay device has a receiver that receives setting information related to the control of antenna elements, and a controller that determines the antenna elements to be used for signals to a terminal based on the setting information.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example of a user in the high frequency band.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of communication using the configuration of the NCR.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of communication using a RIS.
  • 4A-4C are diagrams illustrating an example of a long-range and short-range beamforming method.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a system architecture including a RIS.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a precoder according to embodiment 1-1-1.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a reference point.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a precoder according to embodiment 1-1-2.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of aperture adaptation according to embodiment 2-1-1.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of aperture adaptation according to embodiment 2-1-2.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of aperture adaptation according to embodiment 2-1-2.
  • 14A to 14C are diagrams showing an example of an aperture mode.
  • 15A to 15C are diagrams showing examples of implementations of RIS according to options 3-1-1 to 3-1-3, respectively.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.
  • sub-terahertz waves In future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G and beyond), it is being considered to realize a data rate of 100 Gbps while maintaining sufficient coverage by utilizing the sub-terahertz band (e.g., 100 GHz to 300 GHz) band (spectrum), which is a higher frequency band than existing systems (e.g., NR Rel. 15/16/17).
  • sub-terahertz band e.g., 100 GHz to 300 GHz
  • spectrum which is a higher frequency band than existing systems (e.g., NR Rel. 15/16/17).
  • One of the challenges is to design a line of sight (LOS)-MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) transmission method suitable for access links, with the goal of 100 GHz, 100 Gbps, and 100 m (coverage).
  • LOS line of sight
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • FIG. 1A shows an example of a distant user in the high frequency band.
  • orthonormal transmission is not possible for the distant user because of limitations on the size of the mega MIMO base station (BS).
  • BS mega MIMO base station
  • Figure 1B shows an example of a non-line-of-sight user in the high frequency band.
  • Blockages e.g., buildings, etc.
  • NLOS non-line-of-sight
  • NR MIMO NR MIMO
  • LOS-MIMO a very large bandwidth is required to achieve a data rate of 100 Gbps, which is difficult to secure.
  • NR MIMO is designed for antenna far-field use, supporting only rank 1 transmission per polarization direction in LOS channels.
  • Using dual polarization allows for rank 2 multiplexing, but no higher ranks are available.
  • a bandwidth of tens of GHz is required, which is difficult to achieve in a practical system and places high demands on RF components.
  • LOS-MIMO schemes that have already been considered have problems such as being unsuitable for access links because they require fixed transmitting and receiving positions, or requiring too large an array size.
  • NCRs Network-controlled Repeaters
  • Rel. 18 onwards multi-layer transmission is not supported in terms of channels, hardware and specifications (standards).
  • the channel between the BS and NCR is rank 1 because the size of the NCR array is relatively small.
  • the cascaded channel between the BS, NCR and UE is a keyhole channel of rank 1.
  • the number of beams in the access link (A link)/backhaul link (B link) is 1, and highly correlated signals are generated.
  • RIS Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
  • the RIS is an example of a device that provides a flexible and cost-effective approach to network deployment compared to newer types of network (NW) nodes such as Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), RF Repeater, and Network-Controlled Repeater (NCR).
  • NW network
  • IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul
  • RF Repeater RF Repeater
  • NCR Network-Controlled Repeater
  • the RIS may be composed of multiple reconfigurable scattering components.
  • the RIS may control the direction of the reflected signal or the direction of the transmitted (refracted) signal.
  • reflection, transmission, and refraction may be interpreted as interchangeable.
  • the RIS may not require an RF amplifier. This can reduce power consumption.
  • RIS can provide beam gain with narrowband beams, an increase in the number of RIS beams (beams reflected/refracted by the RIS) is required.
  • the RIS may reflect/refract signals other than the target frequency.
  • the RIS may be made of materials such as liquid crystal, metal, and semiconductor.
  • a RIS using liquid crystal has a slower beam sweep speed than a semiconductor, and is considered unsuitable for current beam sweep operations.
  • the RIS may be installed on objects such as buildings.
  • the NCR may include an NCR-mobile termination (MT) and an NCR-forwarding (Fwd).
  • the NCR-MT communicates with the BS (gNB) via a control link.
  • Communication between the NCR-MT and the BS may include at least one of receiving configuration/instruction/control information from the BS and sending requests/reports/responses to the BS.
  • the NCR-Fwd relays communications between the BS and the UE by relaying/amplifying from the backhaul link to the access link and from the access link to the backhaul link.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of communication using a RIS.
  • the RIS relays communication between the BS and the UE by controlling the reflection angle in at least one of the reflection from the backhaul link to the access link and the reflection from the access link to the backhaul link.
  • the beamforming method may be DFT-based beamforming (BF), beamfocusing with optimum phase, and beamfocusing with near-field (NF) steering vector.
  • BF DFT-based beamforming
  • NF near-field
  • DFT-based BF may be used primarily for transmitting signals to terminals at long distances.
  • DFT-based BF may use a precoder (matrix) based on angle-dependent linear phase.
  • FIG. 4A An example of DFT-based beamforming (BF) is shown in Figure 4A, which shows an example of a uniform linear array, where x n is the distance from the array center to element n in the array and the angle of the beam with respect to the axis normal to the array.
  • Beam focusing with optimal phase may be used mainly for transmitting signals to terminals at short distances.
  • Beam focusing with optimal phase may use a precoder (matrix) based on a position (distance)-dependent non-linear phase.
  • Figure 4B shows an example of a uniform linear array, where D F is the focal length and x' is the distance from the axis perpendicular to the array to the focal point.
  • Beam focusing with short-range steering vectors may be used primarily for transmitting signals to short-range terminals. Beam focusing with short-range steering vectors may use a precoder (matrix) based on angle- & position (distance)-dependent quadratic phase.
  • Figure 4C shows an example of beam focusing with a near field (NF) steering vector. Note that Figure 4C shows an example of a uniform linear array. In this example, D is the distance from the center of the array to the focal point, and ⁇ is the angle from an axis normal to the array to a line connecting the array center and the focal point.
  • NF near field
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a system architecture including a RIS.
  • the system architecture including a RIS will be described below with reference to Fig. 5, but this is merely an example.
  • a system architecture including a RIS may include multiple (e.g., two) design phases.
  • a system architecture including a RIS may include an aperture pre-adaptation phase.
  • UE positioning may be performed first.
  • the UE may report information about the UE's position/attitude to the network (NW).
  • the NW base station
  • the NW may estimate information about the UE's position/attitude based on a signal (e.g., UL RS) transmitted from the UE.
  • UE positioning during the aperture pre-adaptation phase may be omitted.
  • pre-adaptation of the aperture e.g., antenna elements
  • pre-adaptation of the aperture e.g., antenna elements
  • aperture adaptation may mean determining/determining/selecting which antenna elements/arrays to use.
  • pre-adaptation of the BS aperture e.g., antenna elements
  • the system architecture including the RIS may also include a beamforming phase.
  • the beamforming phase may, for example, follow an aperture pre-adaptation phase.
  • beamforming may first be performed at the BS.
  • Beamforming may then be performed in the RIS during the beamforming phase.
  • reception by the UE may occur in the beamforming phase.
  • the UE may use a CSI reception (CSIR) based MIMO receiver.
  • CTR CSI reception
  • UE reception during the beamforming phase may be omitted.
  • a RIS repeater with an RTC may essentially function as a lens, converging a transmission signal to a UE to strengthen the signal.
  • conjugate symmetric focal points to simultaneously align multiple signal streams with the UE antenna to obtain approximately equal gain.
  • joint BS-RIS aperture e.g., antenna element
  • crosstalk interference is nearly zero.
  • the RIS repeater with RTC may focus the electromagnetic waves radiated from the base station antenna to the array surface of the UE like a lens, forming an image of the UE, so to speak.
  • the dual RTC is believed to be able to achieve accurate focusing by matching the effective focal length to the distance between the BS and the RIS, and between the RIS and the UE.
  • the focal positions of the two RTCs can be selected in a conjugate symmetric manner to match multiple signal streams with the UE antenna/subarray, resulting in approximately equal gain.
  • a RIS of finite size can generate side lobes that cause crosstalk interference.
  • aperture adaptation of the RIS allows beam patterns (e.g., null-to-null spacing and side lobe direction) to be formed at any position/direction of the UE array, suppressing crosstalk interference. This makes it possible, for example, to eliminate interference and achieve CSI-free transmission, reduce interference and improve SNR, suppress interference and improve robustness, etc.
  • the transmission distance of the access link can be increased to 100 m or more, and the peak data rate can be increased to approximately 180 Gbps (4 layers, 256 QAM).
  • the inventors therefore came up with a method to solve the above problems.
  • A/B and “at least one of A and B” may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, “A/B/C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C.”
  • Radio Resource Control RRC
  • RRC parameters RRC parameters
  • RRC messages higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc.
  • IEs information elements
  • CE Medium Access Control
  • update commands activation/deactivation commands, etc.
  • the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocols (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)/LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination of these.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • LPP LTE Positioning Protocol
  • the MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc.
  • the broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • SIB System Information Block
  • RMSI Remaining Minimum System Information
  • OSI System Information
  • the physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), etc.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • aperture, antenna array, array, subarray (multiple antenna elements, part of an array), panel, RIS, RIS array, scattering element array, etc. may be interchangeable.
  • antenna, antenna element, scattering element, etc. may be interchangeable.
  • NCR NCR, RIS, NCR including RIS, network node, device, IAB, IAB-MT (Mobile Termination), IAB-DU (Distribution Unit), IAB-CU (Central Unit), terminal, base station, relay station, relay device, repeater, reflector, transmittance plate, RIS-NCR, RIS type NCR, extended NCR, etc.
  • IAB IAB-MT
  • IAB-DU Distribution Unit
  • IAB-CU Central Unit
  • terminal base station
  • relay station relay device
  • repeater reflector
  • transmittance plate RIS-NCR
  • RIS type NCR RIS type NCR
  • extended NCR etc.
  • RIS RIS-NCR
  • the wireless communication method and the relay method may be interpreted as interchangeable.
  • the first embodiment relates to codebook/precoder design.
  • the codebook/precoder may be a codebook/precoder for short distance (NF) or a codebook/precoder for long distance (FF).
  • a short distance may mean a distance less than (or equal to) a particular threshold.
  • a long distance may mean a distance greater than (or equal to) a particular threshold.
  • the RIS may receive information for the precoder/codebook from the NW.
  • the information may be, for example, information about the location of another node (e.g., a UE/NW node).
  • the information about the location may be, for example, at least one of information about angle and information about distance.
  • the first embodiment is broadly divided into embodiments 1-1 and 1-2.
  • the following embodiment 1-1 or 1-2 may be applied, or the following embodiments 1-1 and 1-2 may be applied in combination.
  • the embodiment 1-1 relates to a specific codebook/precoder design.
  • Embodiment 1-1 is broadly divided into embodiments 1-1-1 to 1-1-4. Any of the following embodiments 1-1-1 to 1-1-4 may be applied, or at least two of the following embodiments 1-1-1 to 1-1-4 may be applied in combination.
  • the precoder may be calculated, for example, as the output of a specific multiplication of multiple different precoders/matrices.
  • codebook precoder
  • codeword matrix
  • term term, vector, and element
  • the precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that provides decoupling of the angle-dependent and distance (position)-dependent terms.
  • the codebook/precoder described in this embodiment may be called a single-sided NF codebook/precoder.
  • Embodiment 1-1-1 may be used, for example, for beamforming/focusing of NCR including RIS (RIS-NCR).
  • NCR including RIS (RIS-NCR).
  • the precoder in the RIS may be calculated, for example, by the product (eg, Hadamard product, eg, element-by-element product) of a distance-dependent precoder/matrix (eg, W Ring ) and an angle-dependent precoder/matrix (eg, W DFT ).
  • a distance-dependent precoder/matrix eg, W Ring
  • an angle-dependent precoder/matrix eg, W DFT
  • the precoder may be calculated using the following Equation 1.
  • D F may be the axial distance between the array and the focal position.
  • the quantization of distance will be described in detail in the following embodiment 1-2.
  • phase shift associated with the distance-dependent precoder may be referred to as a ring-type phase distribution.
  • codebook associated with the distance-dependent precoder may be referred to as a ring-type codebook (RTC).
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a precoder according to embodiment 1-1-1.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a uniform and linear array.
  • beam focusing is performed at the boresight.
  • the above-mentioned distance-dependent precoder may be used for the beam focusing.
  • k is an index corresponding to the phase in the DFT.
  • the focal position is then shifted by the DFT vector.
  • the above-mentioned angle-dependent precoder may be used for this shifting.
  • the precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that utilizes piecewise linear approximation with DFT vectors.
  • the codebook/precoder described in this embodiment may be called a single-sided NF codebook/precoder.
  • the precoder may be a precoder that includes terms for each subarray (one or more arrays) and distance (position) dependent terms.
  • Embodiment 1-1-2 may be used, for example, for at least one of beamforming/focusing of an NCR including a RIS (RIS-NCR) and coherent transmission of multiple panels (e.g., panels spaced widely apart).
  • RIS-NCR RIS-NCR
  • embodiment 1-1-2 is suitable for subarray-based RIS-NCR.
  • the precoder in the RIS may be calculated, for example, by the product (e.g., the Hadamard product (e.g., element-wise product)) of a precoder for each subarray (one or more arrays) and an angle-dependent precoder.
  • the product e.g., the Hadamard product (e.g., element-wise product)
  • the angle-dependent precoder may be calculated, for example, by the product (e.g., the Hadamard product (e.g., element-wise product) of a precoder for each subarray (one or more arrays) and an angle-dependent precoder.
  • the precoder for each subarray may be expressed, for example, as the product of the phase offset for each subarray and the angular offset of the subarray.
  • the precoder may be calculated using Equation 2 below.
  • ⁇ (i,j) PO may indicate the phase offset of subarray (i,j), which may be quantized with specific bits (e.g., b bits) that may take on specific values (e.g., values from 0 to 2 ⁇ ), and W( i,j) AO may indicate the angle offset of subarray (i,j).
  • W (i,j) AO may be calculated based on the dot product of the vector from the array reference point to the reference point of subarray (i,j) and the vector from the reference point of subarray (i,j) to antenna element (m,n) in subarray (i,j).
  • W (i,j) AO may be calculated by the following Equation 3.
  • D may be the distance from the array (e.g., the array reference point) to the target (e.g., the UE)
  • r (i,j) SA may denote the vector from the array reference point to the subarray (i,j) reference point
  • r (m,n) AE may denote the vector from the subarray (i,j) reference point to the antenna element (m,n) in subarray (i,j) (see FIG. 7).
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a precoder according to embodiment 1-1-2.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a uniform and linear array.
  • focusing of the beam direction is performed for multiple arrays (each subarray) using a phase offset (step 1).
  • a precoder based on the above-mentioned phase offset and angle offset may be used.
  • the focal position is then shifted by the DFT vector (step 2).
  • the above-mentioned angle-dependent precoder may be used for this shifting.
  • each subarray one or more arrays
  • distance (position) dependent terms it is possible to transmit signals appropriately to targets at long and short distances.
  • the precoder in the RIS may be a precoder in which a term relating to short distance and a term relating to long distance are utilized.
  • the codebook/precoder described in this embodiment may be called a single-sided NF codebook/precoder.
  • Embodiment 1-1-3 may be used, for example, to acquire CSI in either or both of FF and NF (not limited to FF and NF), or may be used for localization/sensing of NF.
  • the precoder in the RIS may be calculated, for example, by multiplying a first precoder by a second precoder (e.g., a Kronecker product, e.g., an element-wise product).
  • the first/second precoder may include a term corresponding to a long distance (or angle dependency) and a term corresponding to a short distance (or distance dependency).
  • the precoder in this embodiment may be applied in a uniform planar array.
  • the precoder W may be expressed by the following Equation 4.
  • W is expressed as the Kronecker product of the first precoder W N — 1, O — 1, k — 1, D, L — 1 and the second precoder W N — 2, O — 2, k — 2, D, L — 2 .
  • W N_i, O_i, k_i, D, L_i may be expressed, for example, by the following Equation 5.
  • the number of antenna elements (scattering elements) in the i-th axis direction in the RIS array, N i , and the number of oversamplings in the i-th axis direction, O i may be the same as the NR DFT-based codebook defined in the existing NR.
  • k i may be a codeword index
  • k′ may represent a quadratic term.
  • d RP -d 0 may represent the distance between a particular antenna element (eg, antenna element #0) and a reference point, and ⁇ d may represent the antenna element spacing.
  • NRP may be 0 if the bottom left most element of the array is taken as the reference point.
  • N RP may be calculated as N i ⁇ 1.
  • D may represent the normalized distance between the reference point and the focal length.
  • D may be calculated as (focal length)/ ⁇ .
  • L may be a value related to the normalized equivalent aperture. L may be calculated, for example, as ON ⁇ d/ ⁇ .
  • the precoder in the RIS may be a precoder that is used for the access link (between the UE and the RIS) and a precoder for the backhaul link (between the BS and the RIS).
  • the precoder may be a precoder that includes terms for each subarray (one or more arrays) and distance (position) dependent terms.
  • Embodiment 1-1-4 may be used, for example, for at least one of beamforming/focusing of NCR including RIS of the backhaul link/access link (RIS-NCR) and cascaded LoS-MIMO (e.g., LoS-MIMO requiring joint focal points indication).
  • RIS-NCR RIS of the backhaul link/access link
  • LoS-MIMO e.g., LoS-MIMO requiring joint focal points indication
  • the precoder in the RIS may be calculated, for example, by the product (e.g., the Hadamard product (e.g., element-wise product)) of the precoder for the access link and the precoder for the backhaul link.
  • the product e.g., the Hadamard product (e.g., element-wise product)
  • the precoder may be calculated using the following Equation 6.
  • W AC may indicate a precoder of a beam in an access link of the RIS-NCR (access beam, beam for UE)
  • W BH may indicate a precoder of a beam in a backhaul link of the RIS-NCR (backhaul beam, beam for BS).
  • At least one of W AC and W BH may be, for example, a precoder calculated by at least one of the methods described in the above embodiments 1-1-1 to 1-1-3.
  • the focal lengths of W AC and W BH may be selected/determined independently or jointly.
  • the focal lengths of W AC and W BH may be selected/determined in a conjugate symmetric manner.
  • L may be a parameter related to an aperture (e.g., an antenna element). L may be reported as a capability of the RIS-NCR (NCR-MT).
  • L may be reported by the RIS, for example, as antenna number/spacing in n dimensions (e.g., n is 2).
  • L may be reported by the RIS, for example, as the length of a side of the RIS (e.g., antenna number x antenna spacing).
  • Ni , Oi , kj , kip , and Di may be parameters related to the codebooks of the access link/backhaul link.
  • Ni and Oi may be associated with a codebook of the RIS, which may be preset for the RIS or may be predefined in a specification.
  • N i and O i may be determined based on reports of the capabilities of the RIS or may be determined independently of the dimensionality of the RIS.
  • the k i may be associated with a codebook of the RIS, which may be indicated to the RIS.
  • the kip may be calculated at the RIS based on specific settings/instructions for the RIS.
  • D1 may be preconfigured by the BS for the RIS, and D2 may be instructed by the BS for the RIS.
  • D1 and D2 may be commanded by the BS (using a compound CW).
  • D1 may be preconfigured by the BS for the RIS, and D2 may be measured by the RIS.
  • D1 and D2 may be measured by RIS.
  • logarithmic quantization may be used in determining D1 and D2 .
  • NRP may be a parameter related to the reference point of the RIS.
  • NRP may be, for example, a parameter related to the offset of the reference point of the RIS.
  • the NRP may be associated with a codebook of the RIS, which may be indicated to the RIS.
  • a RIS reference point may refer to a specific location.
  • the reference point for the RIS may be the location of an antenna/subarray at a particular location (e.g., bottom-left extreme).
  • the reference point for the RIS may be the location of the center point of the RIS, which is suitable for a single large RIS or multiple separate sub-arrays.
  • the RIS reference point may be reported by the RIS.
  • the RIS reference point may be determined according to the reference point reported by the RIS.
  • Parameters indicating an adaptation (aperture adaptation) mode may be defined. These parameters may be used for aperture control of the RIS.
  • the parameter indicating the adaptation mode may be associated with a codebook of the RIS.
  • the codebook of the RIS may be indicated to the RIS.
  • Parameters may be defined that indicate the shape/size of the RIS. These parameters may be used to control the aperture of the RIS.
  • the parameters indicating the shape/size of the RIS may be associated with a codebook of the RIS.
  • the codebook of the RIS may be indicated to the RIS.
  • the parameters may be indicated by a bitmap.
  • the parameters may also be indicated by the direction and length of two sides of the aperture forming a parallelogram.
  • the parameters may also be indicated by the arrangement of the subarrays (e.g., direction/spacing/subarray number/subarray size).
  • the parameters may also be indicated by at least one of the direction/length of two sides of the aperture forming a parallelogram (which may be called the general mode), the subarray number (sampling rate), and the subarray size.
  • a parameter may be specified indicating the roll-off factor.
  • Parameters for conjugate symmetric RTC may be defined.
  • the parameters may be parameters for a reference point for the UE's location.
  • the reference point for the UE's location may, for example, refer to an antenna port of a particular UE (e.g., antenna port #0).
  • the reference point for the UE's location may refer, for example, to a specific (e.g., central) UE array established by the BS.
  • Embodiment 1-2 is broadly divided into embodiments 1-2-1 and 1-2-2. Either embodiment 1-2-1 or 1-2-2 below may be applied, or a combination of embodiments 1-2-1 and 1-2-2 below may be applied.
  • the NW may transmit angle information/distance information regarding the codebook/precoder quantized using at least one of embodiments 1-2-1 and 1-2-2 to the RIS-NCR (or NW).
  • the particular quantization method may be, for example, a DFT-based quantization method.
  • quantization can be performed in a manner suitable for a unified design for FF and NF.
  • linear quantization may be used for distance. Using linear quantization makes it easier to implement in the device.
  • logarithmic quantization may be used for distance.
  • logarithmic quantization appropriate quantization can be performed regardless of whether the distance between the devices is long or short.
  • Quantization of the distance may be performed using Equation 7 below.
  • the range of NF may be related to the array area.
  • the range of NF may be (approximately) proportional to the array area.
  • the quantization of angles and distances may use a uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates (angles and distances may be quantized on a uniform grid). In this case, it is suitable for use in localization/position-based beam focusing.
  • quantization of angles and distances may use a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates (angles and distances may be quantized on a non-uniform grid). This is favorable in terms of aperture/NF range at boresight, and allows for more uniform coverage and fewer beams by using wider beams at close range.
  • quantization for angles and distances may be performed using Equation 8 below.
  • Figure 9 shows an example of a uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates.
  • RIS-NCR uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates for RIS
  • (x gi , y gi , z gi ) may denote the center coordinates of the i-th grid obtained from grid index i.
  • the uniform grid RTC may be calculated according to at least one of the following options 1 and 2:
  • the RTC using a uniform grid may be calculated using Equation 9 below (option 1).
  • the RTC using a uniform grid may be calculated using Equation 10 below (option 2).
  • ⁇ may represent the azimuth angle and ⁇ may represent the elevation angle.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ may be obtained by a specific coordinate transformation.
  • Figure 10 shows an example of a non-uniform grid in spherical coordinates.
  • the second embodiment relates to the adaptation of the aperture in the RIS.
  • the second embodiment is broadly divided into embodiments 2-1 and 2-2.
  • the following embodiment 2-1 or 2-2 may be applied, or the following embodiments 2-1 and 2-2 may be applied in combination.
  • the RIS-NCR may receive information (setting information) related to the control of apertures (e.g., antenna elements) from the NW. Based on the information, the RIS-NCR may determine the aperture/antenna element to be used for signals destined for the terminal.
  • information setting information
  • the RIS-NCR may determine the aperture/antenna element to be used for signals destined for the terminal.
  • the RIS may select/decide/determine which aperture to use from among the apertures included in the RIS.
  • Embodiment 2-1 is broadly divided into embodiments 2-1-1 and 2-1-2.
  • the following embodiment 2-1-1 or 2-1-2 may be applied, or the following embodiments 2-1-1 and 2-1-2 may be applied in combination.
  • Unnecessary elements of the RIS may be set to off. Information regarding the setting may be included in the information regarding aperture control received from the NW.
  • Unnecessary RIS elements may be configured not to scatter (or reflect/refract) the incident signal.
  • the unwanted RIS elements may be configured to diffuse or randomly scatter (or reflect/refract) the incident signal.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of aperture adaptation according to embodiment 2-1-1.
  • elements related to beamforming are selected. After that, unnecessary RIS elements are set to the OFF state, and only necessary RIS elements are used (turned ON).
  • the beamforming information may include, for example, information regarding the beamforming vector of the RIS.
  • the (desired, actually used) aperture may be expressed as a value (e.g., an aperture function) indicating the on/off state of each RIS element.
  • the (desired, actually used) aperture may be applied to the beamforming vector of the RIS (see FIG. 12).
  • a value (e.g., an aperture function) corresponding to a RIS element when a value (e.g., an aperture function) corresponding to a RIS element is a first value (e.g., 0), the RIS element may be in an off state. Also, when a value (e.g., an aperture function) corresponding to a RIS element is a second value (e.g., 1), the RIS element may be in an on state.
  • Aperture adaptation may be used to control the beam shape (e.g., at least one of the beam width, side lobes, main lobe, and focal spot shape/size).
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing another example of aperture adaptation according to embodiment 2-1-2.
  • the example shown in FIG. 13 shows an example in which aperture adaptation is used together with a beamforming vector of a RIS.
  • the main lobe can be controlled, improving robustness and enabling LOS-MIMO multiplexing.
  • Embodiment 2-2 is broadly divided into embodiments 2-2-1 and 2-2-2.
  • the following embodiment 2-2-1 or 2-2-2 may be applied, or the following embodiments 2-2-1 and 2-2-2 may be applied in combination.
  • a mode for the aperture of the RIS-NCR may be defined.
  • the RIS-NCR may determine which aperture to use based on the mode.
  • the modes may include, for example, first to third modes.
  • the first mode may be a mode in which some/all of the RIS elements are used in a square shape.
  • the first mode may be called, for example, a fallback mode (see FIG. 14A).
  • the second mode may be, for example, a mode in which a portion of the RIS element is used in a parallelogram (diamond) shape.
  • the second mode may be, for example, called a semi-continuous mode (see FIG. 14B).
  • the third mode may be a mode in which only a specific RIS is used among the RIS elements.
  • the specific RIS may be determined by selecting a portion of the RIS elements in a parallelogram (diamond) shape.
  • the third mode may be called, for example, a discrete mode (see FIG. 14C).
  • Embodiment 2-2-2 The shape/size of the aperture of the RIS-NCR to be used may be instructed in a specific manner, and information regarding the instruction may be included in the information regarding aperture control received from the NW.
  • the shape/size of the aperture of the RIS-NCR used may be determined by a bitmap/parameter indicating the on/off state of the RIS elements used.
  • the shape/size of the aperture (e.g., a parallelogram (diamond) shaped aperture) in the second/third modes may be indicated in a specific manner.
  • the specific method may be, for example, a method based on the lengths and angles of two sides referenced to a specific point (e.g., a reference point) of the RIS element (the selected RIS element).
  • a specific point e.g., a reference point
  • the aperture to be used may be determined according to the following equation (12):
  • the size/number of subarrays to be used may additionally be indicated.
  • the third embodiment relates to beamforming control from a NW (eg, a base station (BS)) to a RIS (RIS-NCR).
  • NW eg, a base station (BS)
  • RIS-NCR RIS-NCR
  • the third embodiment is broadly divided into embodiments 3-1 to 3-5. Any one of the embodiments 3-1 to 3-5 may be applied, or at least two of the embodiments 3-1 to 3-5 may be applied in combination.
  • RIS-NCR implementation may follow at least one of the following options 3-1-1 to 3-1-3.
  • the NCR-MT may control one RIS (eg, a large RIS).
  • FIG. 15A is a diagram showing an example of the implementation of a RIS relating to option 3-1-1.
  • the NCR-MT (RIS-type NCR-MT) controls the RIS (RIS-1) based on the control link from the TRP (BS).
  • the NCR-MT controls the RIS, thereby controlling at least one of the beams of the backhaul link (between the BS and the RIS-NCR) and the beams of the access link (between the UE and the RIS-NCR).
  • the NCR-MT may control multiple RISs.
  • FIG. 15B is a diagram showing an example of the implementation of a RIS relating to option 3-1-2.
  • the NCR-MT (RIS-type NCR-MT) controls the RIS (RIS-1 and RIS-2) based on the control link from the TRP (BS).
  • the NCR-MT controls each RIS, thereby controlling at least one of the beams of the backhaul link (between the BS and RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS and the beams of the access link (between the UE and RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS.
  • One NCR-MT may correspond to one RIS, and the NCR-MT may control each of the corresponding RISs.
  • control of the RIS of one NCR-MT and the control of the RIS of another NCR-MT may be performed independently.
  • control of the RIS of one NCR-MT and the control of the RIS of another NCR-MT may be performed in conjunction with each other.
  • FIG. 15C is a diagram showing an example of the implementation of a RIS relating to option 3-1-3.
  • the NCR-MT (RIS-1 MT) corresponding to RIS-1 controls RIS-1
  • the NCR-MT (RIS-2 MT) corresponding to RIS-2 controls RIS-2.
  • each NCR-MT controls each RIS, thereby controlling at least one of the beams of the backhaul link (between the BS and RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS and the beams of the access link (between the UE and RIS-NCR) corresponding to each RIS.
  • RIS-NCR can be implemented appropriately.
  • This information may be transmitted using RRC signaling/OAM signaling.
  • Embodiment 3-2 is broadly divided into embodiments 3-2-1 and 3-2-2. Either embodiment 3-2-1 or 3-2-2 below may be applied, or a combination of embodiments 3-2-1 and 3-2-2 below may be applied.
  • the NW/RIS-NCR may transmit/receive information about the position/attitude/setting of the NW/RIS-NCR.
  • the RIS-NCR may transmit/report information about the position/attitude/installation angle of the RIS-NCR to the NW.
  • the NW may transmit/set information about the BS's position/attitude/installation angle to the RIS-NCR.
  • the RIS-NCR may control the RIS based on the information that is set.
  • the RIS-NCR may report information regarding beamforming capabilities to the NW.
  • the information may include, for example, information indicating the operation mode.
  • the operation mode may indicate, for example, whether the RIS controlled by the NCR is reflective or transmissive (refractive).
  • the operation mode may indicate, for example, that the RIS controlled by the NCR operates semi-statically or dynamically.
  • the information may include, for example, information about the aperture.
  • the information about the aperture may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: the array size of the RIS, the subarray/panel configuration, and the location of the reference point.
  • the information may include, for example, information about the beam set.
  • the information about the beam set may include, for example, information about an implementation-based beam set.
  • the information about the implementation-based beam set may be, for example, information indicating at least one of a beam number (number) and beam characteristics.
  • the information regarding the beam characteristics may be, for example, information regarding at least one of the beam direction, focal length, beam width, and beam gain.
  • the information about the beam set may include, for example, information about a codebook-based beam set.
  • the information about the codebook-based beam set may be, for example, information indicating a subset of a specified beam codebook.
  • the codebook may be a codebook for short distance (NF)/long distance (FF).
  • Embodiment 3-3 relates to beamforming instructions from the NW to the RIS-NCR.
  • Embodiment 3-3 is broadly divided into embodiments 3-3-1 to 3-3-3. Any of the following embodiments 3-3-1 to 3-3-3 may be applied, or at least two of the following embodiments 3-3-1 to 3-3-3 may be applied in combination.
  • the RIS-NCR may receive beamforming instruction information from the network. Based on the instruction information, the RIS-NCR may determine the codebook/precoder to apply to signals intended for other nodes (e.g., UE/network nodes).
  • the codebook/precoder may apply to signals intended for other nodes (e.g., UE/network nodes).
  • the beamforming instruction from the NW to the RIS-NCR may be a codebook-based instruction.
  • the NW may instruct the RIS-NCR on the codebook (or codeword/precoder) to be used.
  • the codebook/precoder may be at least one of the codebooks/precoders described in the first embodiment above.
  • the beamforming instruction from the NW to the RIS-NCR may be a location-based instruction, which may be the location of the base station/UE.
  • the NW may instruct the RIS-NCR on the location information (e.g., coordinates) of the UE.
  • location information e.g., coordinates
  • the beamforming instruction from the NW to the RIS-NCR may be an implementation-based instruction.
  • the network may instruct the RIS-NCR on the beam index (one or more beam indices) of the beam set reported by the RIS-NCR.
  • the NW may send instructions to the RIS-NCR regarding the (desired) RIS-NCR aperture.
  • the instructions may include, for example, at least one of the pieces of information described in the second embodiment above.
  • the report may include information regarding at least one of the following: location, operation mode, aperture, implementation-based beam set, and codebook-based beam set.
  • the report may be made using higher layer signaling (RRC signaling/OAM signaling).
  • a method for controlling the RIS-NCR may be specified from the network.
  • the control may include, for example, at least one of the following: backhaul link beam control, access link beam control, RIS reference point control, and RIS aperture control.
  • Beam control of the backhaul link may be explicitly/implicitly instructed independently from control of the control link beam.
  • Beam control of the backhaul link may be, for example, joint beam control of the access link and the backhaul link.
  • Beam control of the access link may include, for example, at least one of codebook-based beam control, position-based beam control, and implementation-based beam control.
  • Controlling the RIS reference point may include indicating a reference point.
  • the reference point may indicate the center of the RIS array or may be as reported by the RIS.
  • the aperture control of the RIS may include, for example, at least one of an indication of the adaptation mode and an indication of the shape of the aperture (to be used).
  • beamforming control between the NW and the RIS-NCR and implementation of the RIS can be performed appropriately.
  • any information may be notified to the UE/relay device (from a network (NW)) (e.g., a base station (BS)) (in other words, the UE/relay device receives any information from the BS) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, signaling by OAM), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.
  • NW network
  • BS base station
  • any information may be notified to the UE/relay device (from a network (NW)) (e.g., a base station (BS)) (in other words, the UE/relay device receives any information from the BS) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, signaling by OAM), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH,
  • the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.
  • LCID Logical Channel ID
  • the notification When the notification is made by a DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.
  • RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • notification of any information to the UE/relay device in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.
  • any information from the UE/relay device (to the NW) may be transmitted/reported using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, signaling by OAM), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.
  • physical layer signaling e.g., UCI
  • higher layer signaling e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, signaling by OAM
  • a specific signal/channel e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal
  • the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.
  • the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.
  • notification of any information from the UE/relay device may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.
  • At least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when a certain condition is satisfied, which may be specified in a standard or may be notified to a UE/relay device/BS using higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.
  • At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs/relay devices that have reported or support a particular capability (capability, capability information, UE capability, relay device capability).
  • the particular capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting specific processing/operations/control/information for at least one of the above embodiments. - Supports RIS types NCR/NCR/NCR-MT. Support codebooks for NF/FF. - Support aperture adaptation.
  • the above-mentioned specific capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities per Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).
  • FR1 Frequency Range 1
  • FR2 FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2
  • SCS subcarrier Spacing
  • FS Feature Set
  • FSPC Feature Set Per Component-carrier
  • the above-mentioned specific capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities specific to each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the UE/relay device configures/activates/triggers specific information related to the above-mentioned embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments) by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.
  • the specific information may be information indicating that the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments are enabled, any RRC parameters for a specific release (e.g., Rel. 18/19 or later), etc.
  • the UE/relay device may apply the operations of, for example, Rel. 15/16/17/18.
  • Appendix A With respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention is noted.
  • Appendix A-1 A receiver for receiving angle information and distance information relating to a terminal;
  • a relay device having a control unit that determines a precoder to be applied to a signal destined for the terminal, the precoder being calculated based on multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix, based on at least one of the angle information and the distance information.
  • Appendix A-2 The relay device according to appendix A-1, wherein the first matrix is an angle-dependent matrix and the second matrix is a distance-dependent matrix.
  • Appendix A-3 The relay device according to claim A-1 or A-2, wherein the first matrix is a matrix dependent on a reference point of a subarray, and the second matrix is a matrix dependent on a distance.
  • Appendix A-4 The relay device according to any one of Appendix A-1 to Appendix A-3, wherein the quantization of the angle information and the quantization of the distance information are performed separately or jointly.
  • Appendix B A receiving unit that receives setting information related to control of the antenna element; A relay device having a control unit that determines an antenna element to be used for a signal to a terminal based on the setting information.
  • Appendix B-2 The relay device according to Appendix B-1, wherein the setting information is information instructing an antenna element to be in an off state.
  • Appendix B-3 The relay device according to Appendix B-1 or Appendix B-2, wherein the control unit determines the antenna element based on the setting information and a beamforming vector.
  • Appendix B-4 The relay device according to any one of Appendix B-1 to Appendix B-3, wherein the setting information includes information indicating a mode related to the antenna element.
  • Appendix C A receiver for receiving beamforming instruction information; A relay device having a control unit that determines a codebook to be applied to a signal destined for a terminal based on the instruction information.
  • Appendix C-2 The relay device according to appendix C-1, wherein the instruction information is information indicating the codebook to be applied or information indicating the position of the terminal.
  • Appendix C-3 The relay device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit controls reporting of information regarding the position and attitude of the relay device.
  • Appendix C-4 The relay device according to any one of Supplementary Note C-1 to Supplementary Note C-3, wherein the control unit controls reporting of information regarding beamforming capability.
  • Wired communication system A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below.
  • communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination of these.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment.
  • the wireless communication system 1 (which may simply be referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • 5G NR 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio
  • the wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)).
  • MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.
  • RATs Radio Access Technologies
  • MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
  • NE-DC NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity
  • the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN).
  • the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.
  • the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).
  • dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).
  • gNBs NR base stations
  • N-DC Dual Connectivity
  • the wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1.
  • a user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.
  • the user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10.
  • the user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).
  • CA carrier aggregation
  • CC component carriers
  • DC dual connectivity
  • Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)).
  • Macro cell C1 may be included in FR1
  • small cell C2 may be included in FR2.
  • FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz)
  • FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.
  • the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication).
  • wire e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.
  • NR communication e.g., NR communication
  • base station 11 which corresponds to the upper station
  • base station 12 which corresponds to a relay station
  • IAB node an NCR
  • RIS-NCR RIS-NCR
  • the base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10.
  • the core network 30 may include at least one of, for example, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • 5GCN 5G Core Network
  • NGC Next Generation Core
  • the core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as, for example, a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM).
  • NF Network Functions
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • AMF Access and Mobility management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • UDM Unified Data Management
  • AF Application Function
  • DN Data Network
  • LMF Location Management Function
  • OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance
  • the user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.
  • a wireless access method based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing may be used.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix OFDM
  • DFT-s-OFDM Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the radio access method may also be called a waveform.
  • other radio access methods e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods
  • a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • SIB System Information Block
  • PDSCH User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc.
  • SIB System Information Block
  • PUSCH User data, upper layer control information, etc.
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
  • Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH.
  • the lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL DCI
  • the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI.
  • the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data
  • the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.
  • a control resource set (COntrol REsource SET (CORESET)) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH.
  • the CORESET corresponds to the resources to search for DCI.
  • the search space corresponds to the search region and search method of PDCCH candidates.
  • One CORESET may be associated with one or multiple search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a search space based on the search space configuration.
  • a search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels.
  • One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms “search space,” “search space set,” “search space setting,” “search space set setting,” “CORESET,” “CORESET setting,” etc. in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.
  • the PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.), and a scheduling request (SR).
  • UCI uplink control information
  • CSI channel state information
  • HARQ-ACK Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement
  • ACK/NACK ACK/NACK
  • SR scheduling request
  • the PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.
  • downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link.”
  • various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical” to the beginning.
  • a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted.
  • a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.
  • the synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS).
  • a signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS/PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), etc.
  • the SS, SSB, etc. may also be called a reference signal.
  • a measurement reference signal Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)
  • a demodulation reference signal DMRS
  • UL-RS uplink reference signal
  • DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).
  • the base station 17 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment.
  • the base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.
  • this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the base station 10 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.
  • the control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10.
  • the control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.
  • the control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc.
  • the control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc.
  • the control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120.
  • the control unit 110 may perform call processing of communication channels (setting, release, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.
  • the baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit.
  • the transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122.
  • the reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.
  • the transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.
  • the transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.
  • digital beamforming e.g., precoding
  • analog beamforming e.g., phase rotation
  • the transceiver 120 may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • HARQ retransmission control HARQ retransmission control
  • the transceiver 120 may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • channel coding which may include error correction coding
  • DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the transceiver unit 120 may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.
  • the transceiver unit 120 may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.
  • the transceiver 120 may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.
  • reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • IDFT Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
  • filtering demapping
  • demodulation which may include error correction decoding
  • MAC layer processing which may include error correction decoding
  • the transceiver 120 may perform measurements on the received signal.
  • the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal.
  • the measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc.
  • RSRP Reference Signal Received Power
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • the measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.
  • the transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.
  • devices included in the core network 30 e.g., network nodes providing NF
  • other base stations 10, etc. may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.
  • the transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in this disclosure may be configured with at least one of the transmitter/receiver 120, the transmitter/receiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.
  • the transceiver 120 may transmit angle information and distance information related to the terminal to the relay device.
  • the control unit 110 may use at least one of the angle information and the distance information to instruct the relay device on a precoder to be applied to a signal destined for the terminal, the precoder being calculated based on the multiplication of a first matrix and a second matrix (first embodiment).
  • the transceiver 120 may transmit setting information regarding the control of the antenna elements to the relay device.
  • the control unit 110 may use the setting information to instruct the relay device which antenna elements to use for signals to the terminal (second embodiment).
  • the transceiver 120 may transmit instruction information regarding beamforming to the relay device.
  • the control unit 110 may use the instruction information to instruct the relay device on the codebook to be applied to the signal destined for the terminal (third embodiment).
  • the user terminal 18 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment.
  • the user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting/receiving unit 220, and a transmitting/receiving antenna 230.
  • the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may each include one or more.
  • this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the user terminal 20 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.
  • the control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20.
  • the control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.
  • the control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc.
  • the control unit 210 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230, measurement, etc.
  • the control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.
  • the baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit.
  • the transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222.
  • the reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.
  • the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.
  • the transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.
  • digital beamforming e.g., precoding
  • analog beamforming e.g., phase rotation
  • the transceiver 220 may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data and control information acquired from the controller 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.
  • RLC layer processing e.g., RLC retransmission control
  • MAC layer processing e.g., HARQ retransmission control
  • the transceiver 220 may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.
  • Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the settings of transform precoding.
  • the transceiver unit 220 transmission processing unit 2211
  • the transceiver unit 220 may perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing in order to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, it is not necessary to perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.
  • the transceiver unit 220 may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.
  • the transceiver 220 may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.
  • reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.
  • the transceiver 220 may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal.
  • the measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc.
  • the measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.
  • the measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources.
  • the channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources.
  • the measurement unit 223 may derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources.
  • the interference measurement resources may be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc.
  • CSI-IM may be called CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS.
  • CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be read as interchangeable.
  • the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.
  • each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.).
  • the functional blocks may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.
  • the functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment.
  • a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, and the like. In either case, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the method of realization.
  • a base station, a user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.
  • the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.
  • the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.
  • the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.
  • processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.
  • the functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are realized, for example, by loading specific software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.
  • the processor 1001 for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer.
  • the processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, registers, etc.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • control unit 110 210
  • transmission/reception unit 120 220
  • etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.
  • the processor 1001 also reads out programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to these.
  • the programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above embodiments.
  • the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks.
  • Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and other suitable storage media. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable ROM
  • EEPROM Electrically EPROM
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc.
  • Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium.
  • Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.
  • the communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module.
  • the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • the above-mentioned transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.
  • the transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.
  • the input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside.
  • the output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside.
  • the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).
  • each device such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information.
  • the bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.
  • the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using the hardware.
  • the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.
  • a channel, a symbol, and a signal may be read as mutually interchangeable.
  • a signal may also be a message.
  • a reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot, a pilot signal, or the like depending on the applied standard.
  • a component carrier may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.
  • a radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain.
  • Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe.
  • a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain.
  • a subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.
  • the numerology may be a communication parameter that is applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel.
  • the numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: SubCarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.
  • SCS SubCarrier Spacing
  • TTI Transmission Time Interval
  • radio frame configuration a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain
  • a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain etc.
  • a slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.).
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • a slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.
  • a slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A.
  • a PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.
  • a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units when transmitting a signal.
  • a different name may be used for a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol, respectively.
  • the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.
  • one subframe may be called a TTI
  • multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI
  • one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI.
  • at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms.
  • the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.
  • TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication.
  • a base station schedules each user terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units.
  • radio resources such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal
  • the TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc.
  • the time interval e.g., the number of symbols
  • the time interval in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.
  • one or more TTIs may be the minimum time unit of scheduling.
  • the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.
  • a TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc.
  • a TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.
  • a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms
  • a short TTI e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.
  • TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.
  • a resource block is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, and may be, for example, 12.
  • the number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.
  • an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length.
  • One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.
  • one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)), a sub-carrier group (Sub-Carrier Group (SCG)), a resource element group (Resource Element Group (REG)), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.
  • PRB Physical RB
  • SCG sub-carrier Group
  • REG resource element group
  • PRB pair an RB pair, etc.
  • a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs).
  • REs resource elements
  • one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.
  • a Bandwidth Part which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RB relative to a common reference point of the carrier.
  • PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.
  • the BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL).
  • BWP UL BWP
  • BWP for DL DL BWP
  • One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.
  • At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP.
  • BWP bitmap
  • radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols are merely examples.
  • the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, as well as the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.
  • the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using absolute values, may be represented using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be represented using other corresponding information.
  • a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.
  • the names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure.
  • the various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.
  • the information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies.
  • the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.
  • information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer.
  • Information, signals, etc. may be input/output via multiple network nodes.
  • Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.
  • a specific location e.g., memory
  • Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to.
  • Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted.
  • Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.
  • the notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods.
  • the notification of information in this disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of these.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • MIB Master Information Block
  • SIB System Information Block
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • the physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc.
  • the RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc.
  • the MAC signaling may be notified, for example, using a MAC Control Element (CE).
  • CE MAC Control Element
  • notification of specified information is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).
  • the determination may be based on a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value represented by true or false, or a comparison of numerical values (e.g., with a predetermined value).
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted and received via a transmission medium.
  • a transmission medium For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave, etc.), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.
  • wired technologies such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
  • wireless technologies such as infrared, microwave, etc.
  • Network may refer to the devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).
  • the antenna port may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal/channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port).
  • the resource may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal/channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.).
  • the resource may include time/frequency/code/space/power resources.
  • the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.
  • the above groups may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, etc.
  • CDM Code Division Multiplexing
  • RS Reference Signal
  • CORESET Control Resource Set
  • beam SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable.
  • SRI SRS Resource Indicator
  • CORESET CORESET pool
  • PDSCH PUSCH
  • codeword CW
  • TB transport block
  • RS etc.
  • TCI state downlink TCI state
  • DL TCI state downlink TCI state
  • UL TCI state uplink TCI state
  • unified TCI state common TCI state
  • joint TCI state etc.
  • QCL QCL
  • QCL assumptions QCL relationship
  • QCL type information QCL property/properties
  • specific QCL type e.g., Type A, Type D
  • specific QCL type e.g., Type A, Type D
  • index identifier
  • indicator indication, resource ID, etc.
  • sequence list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc.
  • TCI state ID may be interchangeable.
  • TCI state ID may be interchangeable as “set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", “one or more pieces of spatial relationship information”, etc.
  • TCI state and TCI may be interchangeable.
  • Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interchangeable.
  • Base Station may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.
  • a base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells.
  • a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small base station for indoor use (Remote Radio Head (RRH))).
  • RRH Remote Radio Head
  • the term "cell” or “sector” refers to a part or the entire coverage area of at least one of the base station and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.
  • a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control/operate based on the information.
  • MS Mobile Station
  • UE User Equipment
  • a mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc.
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.
  • the moving body in question refers to an object that can move, and the moving speed is arbitrary, and of course includes the case where the moving body is stationary.
  • the moving body in question includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on these.
  • the moving body in question may also be a moving body that moves autonomously based on an operating command.
  • the moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned).
  • a vehicle e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.
  • an unmanned moving object e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.
  • a robot manned or unmanned
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations.
  • at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.
  • the vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.
  • various sensors including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58
  • an information service unit 59 including a communication module 60.
  • the drive unit 41 is composed of at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example.
  • the steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.
  • the electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an Input/Output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle.
  • the electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • Signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the motor current, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 acquired by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 acquired by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 58.
  • the information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, televisions, and radios, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices.
  • the information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information/services (e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.
  • various information/services e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services
  • the information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that perform output to the outside.
  • input devices e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.
  • output devices e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.
  • the driving assistance system unit 64 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving load, such as a millimeter wave radar, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., a High Definition (HD) map, an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an Inertial Navigation System (INS), etc.), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) chip, and an AI processor, and one or more ECUs that control these devices.
  • the driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize a driving assistance function or an autonomous driving function.
  • the communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.
  • the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 between the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58 that are provided on the vehicle 40.
  • the communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication.
  • the communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49.
  • the external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20.
  • the communication module 60 may also be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).
  • the communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication.
  • the electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input.
  • the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.
  • the communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle.
  • the information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).
  • the communication module 60 also stores various information received from external devices in memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided on the vehicle 40.
  • the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal.
  • each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.).
  • the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above.
  • terms such as "uplink” and "downlink” may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink").
  • the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be read as the sidelink channel.
  • the user terminal in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station.
  • the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.
  • operations that are described as being performed by a base station may in some cases be performed by its upper node.
  • a network that includes one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination of these.
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • S-GW Serving-Gateway
  • each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched between depending on the implementation.
  • the processing procedures, sequences, flow charts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no inconsistency.
  • the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an exemplary order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • LTE-B LTE-Beyond
  • SUPER 3G IMT-Advanced
  • 4th generation mobile communication system 4th generation mobile communication system
  • 5G 5th generation mobile communication system
  • 6G 6th generation mobile communication system
  • xG x is, for example, an integer or decimal
  • Future Radio Access FX
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • CDMA2000 Code Division Multiple Access
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
  • IEEE 802.16 WiMAX (registered trademark)
  • IEEE 802.20 Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are expanded, modified,
  • the phrase “based on” does not mean “based only on,” unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase “based on” means both “based only on” and “based at least on.”
  • any reference to elements using designations such as “first,” “second,” etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.
  • determining may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc.
  • Determining may also be considered to mean “determining” receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc.
  • judgment (decision) may be considered to mean “judging (deciding)” resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc.
  • judgment (decision) may be considered to mean “judging (deciding)” some kind of action.
  • judgment (decision) may be interpreted interchangeably with the actions described above.
  • the "maximum transmit power" referred to in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or may mean the rated UE maximum transmit power.
  • connection and “coupled,” or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” to each other.
  • the coupling or connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected” may be read as "accessed.”
  • a and B are different may mean “A and B are different from each other.”
  • the term may also mean “A and B are each different from C.”
  • Terms such as “separate” and “combined” may also be interpreted in the same way as “different.”
  • timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe
  • period occasion, resource, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
PCT/JP2023/004650 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 中継装置、中継方法及び基地局 Ceased WO2024166396A1 (ja)

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JP2024576079A JPWO2024166396A1 (https=) 2023-02-10 2023-02-10
EP23921225.1A EP4664780A1 (en) 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 Relay device, relay method, and base station
CN202380096947.4A CN120937259A (zh) 2023-02-10 2023-02-10 中继装置、中继方法以及基站

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WO2022000408A1 (en) * 2020-07-02 2022-01-06 Zte Corporation Surface element segmentation and node grouping for intelligent reflecting devices
WO2022203754A1 (en) * 2021-03-22 2022-09-29 Qualcomm Incorporated Reconfigurable intelligent surface (ris) aided round-trip- time (rtt)-based user equipment (ue) positioning

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