WO2024158082A1 - Device for safety control through prevention of escape of flame in event of explosion and thermal runaway in electric battery - Google Patents

Device for safety control through prevention of escape of flame in event of explosion and thermal runaway in electric battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024158082A1
WO2024158082A1 PCT/KR2023/002823 KR2023002823W WO2024158082A1 WO 2024158082 A1 WO2024158082 A1 WO 2024158082A1 KR 2023002823 W KR2023002823 W KR 2023002823W WO 2024158082 A1 WO2024158082 A1 WO 2024158082A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
vessel
explosion
event
thermal runaway
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PCT/KR2023/002823
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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김주영
성상미
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주식회사 성진에스이
김주영
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Publication of WO2024158082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024158082A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • Electric batteries especially batteries for electric vehicles, are composed of an anode material, a cathode material, and a separator in the middle, and are classified into square, cylindrical, and pouch types depending on the purpose and shape.
  • the present invention relates to the fact that high pressure above a critical value generated due to overcharging of an electric battery, shock of an electric vehicle battery, or accident of a battery module of an electric vehicle battery instantaneously damages the separator in the battery, causing heat due to short circuit between the anode material and the cathode material. Runaway results in fire and explosion.
  • This relates to a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery that can discharge the pressure generated during such thermal runaway to the outside and prevent flames from going outside in the event of a fire.
  • batteries used as a driving source for electric vehicles have a risk of damage to the separator due to various causes, including overcharging, external shock, or defective components, and a rapid rise in internal temperature and flames due to the combination of the anode and cathode materials. It can be said that there is.
  • Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0014309 proposes a safety device against fire that may occur in such automobile batteries.
  • the present invention was developed to solve the problems of the prior art, and the high pressure generated due to an accident in the battery module of an electric battery, especially an electric vehicle battery, can be instantly discharged to the outside and the flame cannot go out in the event of a fire.
  • the purpose is to provide a fire and explosion prevention device for electric batteries that can be blocked.
  • the object of the present invention described above is to provide a 'ceramic vessel', which includes a plurality of battery cells and a steel case for accommodating the battery cells, is inserted into the interior of the steel case, accommodates several battery cells, and has fire resistance and heat insulating properties.
  • a vessel which includes a plurality of battery cells and a steel case for accommodating the battery cells, is inserted into the interior of the steel case, accommodates several battery cells, and has fire resistance and heat insulating properties.
  • ' hereinafter referred to as a vessel
  • the vessel is capable of fire-resistant insulation above 1000°C and can be achieved by a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery including a ceramic filling layer mainly made of porous ceramic or fiber ceramic. there is.
  • the vessel is characterized in that a plurality of pores are formed to block flame leakage and disperse the pressure caused by the explosion.
  • Multiple pores can be open pores that exist in the ceramic itself, or they can be controlled by processing them with a laser, etc. to create connected pores.
  • the steel case is characterized by a plurality of exhaust means formed in the ground direction to distribute the internal gas pressure in consideration of the safety of the driver due to internal pressure generated by thermal runaway, etc.
  • the exhaust means includes a tube body that passes through a vent hole formed in a steel case, protrudes outward, and has a gas hole connected to the outside, and a disk that is inserted into the inside of the tube body and opens and closes the vent hole. and an elastic member coupled to the interior of the tubular body to be elastically supported by the disk.
  • the critical impact value detected by the shock sensor module is used to determine whether the battery is damaged.
  • control module injects electrical insulating oil into the electric vehicle battery module to control electrical short circuits in additional modules.
  • a sensor formed to detect temperature inside the vessel or steel case It is characterized in that it includes a constant temperature maintenance part that is linked with the sensor and consists of a cooling part and a heating part to maintain the appropriate temperature of the vessel or steel case.
  • high pressure generated due to an accident in an electric battery especially a battery module for an electric vehicle
  • a battery module for an electric vehicle can be instantly discharged to the outside, and in the event of a fire, flames can be blocked from going outside.
  • porous ceramic vessels or fiber ceramic vessels primarily serve as a buffer against external shocks, and in the event of an explosion or fire due to thermal runaway, they can protect people by blocking the flame and preventing it from coming out. You can secure your time.
  • the ceramic vessel which has excellent heat resistance and insulation, provides a constant temperature function to the battery through a sensor, controlling rapid discharge due to lower temperatures in winter and improving electric vehicle battery efficiency.
  • fire-resistant and insulated vessels can significantly control the decline in battery life due to low temperatures in winter, and in particular, by providing a constant temperature control function to control the internal temperature, it is possible to improve battery operation time and lifespan.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the 'exhaust means' of Figure 3.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a view of the fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
  • a cross-sectional view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the 'exhaust means' of FIG. 3.
  • the vessel 6 includes a ceramic filling layer capable of fire resistance and insulation.
  • the vessel 6 is a porous ceramic or fiber-type ceramic composed of silica or alumina alone or 10% to 99% of the combined weight of silica or alumina, and may be capable of passing pressure.
  • the vessel 6 is formed with a plurality of pores to block flame leakage, and the explosion pressure generated by the initial explosion due to a battery fire can be dispersed by allowing it to be ejected to the outside through the plurality of pores.
  • the steel case 4 has a plurality of exhaust means 8 formed in the ground direction so that the gas pressure inside can be distributed.
  • the exhaust means 8 is
  • a disk 84 that is inserted into the tube body 82 and opens and closes the vent hole 40;
  • It includes an elastic member 86 coupled to the inside of the tubular body 82 so as to be elastically supported by the disk 84.
  • the introduced gas pressure pushes the disk 84 to open, and then the elastic member 86 contracts, and the gas pressure passing through the disk 84 is released to the outside through the gas hole 80 of the pipe body 82.
  • the internal pressure of the steel case 4 can be reduced.
  • a sensor 91 formed to detect temperature inside the vessel 6 or the steel case 4;
  • a constant temperature maintenance unit 92 which is linked with the sensor 91 and consists of a cooling unit 922 and a heating unit 924 to maintain the vessel 6 or the steel case 4 at an appropriate temperature.
  • the sensor 91 detects this and the cooling unit 922 is turned on to lower the temperature to an appropriate temperature.
  • the sensor 91 turns on the heating unit 924 to appropriately increase the internal temperature.
  • the critical impact value detected by the shock sensor module is used to determine whether the battery is damaged.
  • control module injects electrical insulating oil into the electric vehicle battery module to control electrical short circuits in additional modules.
  • fires can be prevented by trapping embers in the vessel (6) (CFB: Ceramic Fiber Box) and preventing them from coming out.
  • CFB Ceramic Fiber Box
  • the present invention can increase the lifespan of rechargeable batteries.
  • the efficiency of electric vehicles in winter can be increased due to the insulation effect of the vessel (6) around the battery cell (2).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery, in particular, a battery of an electric vehicle, the device comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a steel case for accommodating the battery cells; and a thermally insulative vessel which is inserted into the steel case and in which the plurality of battery cells are accommodated, wherein a venting means, that is, a vent hole, is reflected in the vessel so as to relieve the internal pressure of the vessel, and the vessel includes a porous ceramic filler layer capable of fire-resistant heat insulation.

Description

전기 배터리에서 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치Safety control device to prevent flame leakage in case of explosion and thermal runaway in electric batteries
전기 배터리, 특히 전기 자동차용 배터리는 양극재와 음극재와 중간에 분리막으로 구성되어 있으며 용도와 형상에 따라 각형, 원통형, 파우치형으로 구분되어진다. 본 발명은 전기 배터리에서 과충전, 전기 자동차용 배터리의 충격, 전기 자동차용 밧데리의 배터리모듈의 사고 등에 기인하여 생성된 임계치 이상의 고압이 순간적으로 배터리내 분리막이 손상되어 양극재와 음극재 합선에 의한 열 폭주로 화재 및 폭발로 이루어진다. 이와 같은 열 폭주시 생성된 압력을 외부로 배출할 수 있으며 화재발생시 화염이 외부로 나가지 못하도록 차단할 수 있도록 한 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치에 관한 것이다. Electric batteries, especially batteries for electric vehicles, are composed of an anode material, a cathode material, and a separator in the middle, and are classified into square, cylindrical, and pouch types depending on the purpose and shape. The present invention relates to the fact that high pressure above a critical value generated due to overcharging of an electric battery, shock of an electric vehicle battery, or accident of a battery module of an electric vehicle battery instantaneously damages the separator in the battery, causing heat due to short circuit between the anode material and the cathode material. Runaway results in fire and explosion. This relates to a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery that can discharge the pressure generated during such thermal runaway to the outside and prevent flames from going outside in the event of a fire.
일반적으로 전기 자동차의 구동원으로 사용되는 배터리는 과충전 외부 과충격이나 부품결함 등을 포함하는 다양한 원인에 의하여, 분리막등이 손상되고 양극재와 음극재의 결합에 의해 내부 온도의 급격한 상승 및 화염 발생의 우려가 있다고 할 수 있다. In general, batteries used as a driving source for electric vehicles have a risk of damage to the separator due to various causes, including overcharging, external shock, or defective components, and a rapid rise in internal temperature and flames due to the combination of the anode and cathode materials. It can be said that there is.
좀더 정확한 원인과 메카니즘이 알려지지는 않고 있지만, 최근 배터리를 적어도 구동원의 일부로 사용하는 자동차에서, 이와 같은 배터리의 화재 등의 사고가 빈빈하게 일어나고 있다. Although the exact cause and mechanism are not known, accidents such as battery fires have been occurring frequently in automobiles that use batteries at least as part of the drive source.
전기 자동차의 배터리에서 발생할 수 있는 화재에 대하여, 인접한 배터리모듈로 화염이 전파되는 것을 억제할 수 있어야 하고, 배터리팩의 외부로 화염이 배출되지 않도록 해야 한다.For fires that may occur in the battery of an electric vehicle, it must be possible to suppress the spread of flames to adjacent battery modules and prevent flames from being discharged to the outside of the battery pack.
한국 공개특허 제10-2017-0014309호는 이와 같은 자동차용 배터리에서 발생할 수 있는 화재에 대한 안전장치를 제안하고 있다. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0014309 proposes a safety device against fire that may occur in such automobile batteries.
이러한 선행 특허문헌에 의하면, 이차전지의 내부 또는 외부에 화염방지망을 설치하는 것만을 주제로 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. According to these prior patent documents, it can be seen that the topic is only about installing a flame prevention net inside or outside a secondary battery.
그러나 이와 같이 화염이 예를 들면 모듈의 외부로 누설되는 것만을 방지하는 화염방지망을 설치하는 것만으로는 화재의 억제 등에 대하여 한정된 효과를 가질 뿐이다.However, simply installing a flame prevention net that prevents flames from leaking to the outside of the module, for example, only has a limited effect on suppressing fire.
본 발명은 종래 기술의 문제점을 해소하기 위해 도출된 것으로, 전기 배터리 특히 전기 자동차용 배터리의 배터리모듈의 사고에 기인하여 생성된 고압을 순간적으로 외부로 배출할 수 있고, 화재발생시 화염이 외부로 나가지 못하도록 차단할 수 있도록 한 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.The present invention was developed to solve the problems of the prior art, and the high pressure generated due to an accident in the battery module of an electric battery, especially an electric vehicle battery, can be instantly discharged to the outside and the flame cannot go out in the event of a fire. The purpose is to provide a fire and explosion prevention device for electric batteries that can be blocked.
상기한 본 발명의 목적은, 여러개의 배터리 셀과, 배터리 셀을 수용하는 스틸케이스를 포함하고, 상기 스틸케이스의 내부에 삽입되며 여러개의 배터리 셀을 수용하며 내화성과 단열성의 특성을 갖는 '세라믹 베셀'(이하 베셀이라 칭함);을 포함하고, 상기 베셀은 1000℃ 이상의 내화 단열이 가능하고 다공질 세라믹 또는 화이바 세라믹을 주재로 세라믹 충진층을 포함하는 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치에 의해 달성될 수 있다.The object of the present invention described above is to provide a 'ceramic vessel', which includes a plurality of battery cells and a steel case for accommodating the battery cells, is inserted into the interior of the steel case, accommodates several battery cells, and has fire resistance and heat insulating properties. '(hereinafter referred to as a vessel); and the vessel is capable of fire-resistant insulation above 1000°C and can be achieved by a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery including a ceramic filling layer mainly made of porous ceramic or fiber ceramic. there is.
상기 베셀은 다수의 기공이 형성되어 화염 누설은 차단하고, 폭발에 의한 압력은 분산시킬 수 있도록 한 것을 특징으로 한다. 다수의 기공은 세라믹 자체로 존재하는 오픈기공(open pore)가 될수있거나 또는 레이져등으로 가공하여 연결기공을 만들어 제어 할 수 있다. The vessel is characterized in that a plurality of pores are formed to block flame leakage and disperse the pressure caused by the explosion. Multiple pores can be open pores that exist in the ceramic itself, or they can be controlled by processing them with a laser, etc. to create connected pores.
상기 스틸케이스는 열폭주 등에 의해 생성된 내부압력 운전자의 안전을 감안하여 지면방향으로 다수의 배기수단이 형성되어 내부의 가스압력이 분산될 수 있도록 한 것을 특징으로 한다. The steel case is characterized by a plurality of exhaust means formed in the ground direction to distribute the internal gas pressure in consideration of the safety of the driver due to internal pressure generated by thermal runaway, etc.
상기 배기수단은 스틸케이스에 형성된 벤트홀에 통하며 외부로 돌출 형성되고 외부와 연결된 가스홀이 형성된 관체와, 상기 관체의 내부에 삽입되며 벤트홀을 개폐하는 디스크; 상기 디스크에 탄성 지지되도록 관체의 내부에 결합되는 탄성부재;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. The exhaust means includes a tube body that passes through a vent hole formed in a steel case, protrudes outward, and has a gas hole connected to the outside, and a disk that is inserted into the inside of the tube body and opens and closes the vent hole. and an elastic member coupled to the interior of the tubular body to be elastically supported by the disk.
다음으로, 배터리 충돌시 임계치 이상의 손상으로 배터리 내 분리막의 파손에의한 합선을 파악하기 위해 충격 센서 모듈에서 감지된 임계충격치를 이용하여 배터리 손상 여부를 판단한다. Next, in order to identify short circuits caused by damage to the separator in the battery due to damage above the critical value when the battery crashes, the critical impact value detected by the shock sensor module is used to determine whether the battery is damaged.
여기서, 급정거 또는 충돌 사고로 인한 배터리 손상등이 판단되는 경우, 제어 모듈은 전기 절연유를 전기차 배터리 모듈내로 투입되어 추가적인 모듈의 전기 합선을 제어한다.Here, when battery damage due to a sudden stop or collision is determined, the control module injects electrical insulating oil into the electric vehicle battery module to control electrical short circuits in additional modules.
상기 베셀 또는 스틸케이스의 내부에 온도를 감지하도록 형성된 센서; 상기 센서와 연동되며 베셀 또는 스틸케이스의 적정 온도로 유지되도록 냉각부와 발열부로 이루어진 항온유지부;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. A sensor formed to detect temperature inside the vessel or steel case; It is characterized in that it includes a constant temperature maintenance part that is linked with the sensor and consists of a cooling part and a heating part to maintain the appropriate temperature of the vessel or steel case.
본 발명에 따르면, 전기 배터리, 특히 전기 자동차용 배터리모듈의 사고에 기인하여 생성된 고압을 순간적으로 외부로 배출할 수 있고, 화재발생시 화염이 외부로 나가지 못하도록 차단할 수 있는 효과가 있다. According to the present invention, high pressure generated due to an accident in an electric battery, especially a battery module for an electric vehicle, can be instantly discharged to the outside, and in the event of a fire, flames can be blocked from going outside.
부가적으로 이들 다공질성 세라믹 베셀또는 화이바성 세라믹 베셀응 1차적으로 외부 충격에의한 완충역활을 하며 만약 열폭주에의한 폭발이나 화재가 발생시 화염을 차단하여 밖으로 나오지못하게 하여 인명을 보호할 수 있는 시간을 확보할 수 있다.Additionally, these porous ceramic vessels or fiber ceramic vessels primarily serve as a buffer against external shocks, and in the event of an explosion or fire due to thermal runaway, they can protect people by blocking the flame and preventing it from coming out. You can secure your time.
부가적으로 내열과 단열성이 우수한 새라믹 베셀은 센서를 통하여 배터리의 항온기능을 부여하여 겨울철 온도 저하에 따른 급속방전을 제어하여 전기차 배터리 효율을 향상시킨다.Additionally, the ceramic vessel, which has excellent heat resistance and insulation, provides a constant temperature function to the battery through a sensor, controlling rapid discharge due to lower temperatures in winter and improving electric vehicle battery efficiency.
또한, 내화 단열의 베셀은 동절기 저온으로 인한 배터리의 수명저하 등을 현저하게 제어할 수 있으며, 특히 내부에 온도를 제어 항온기능을 부여함으로써 배터리의 가동시간 등 수명향상을 얻을 수 있다. In addition, fire-resistant and insulated vessels can significantly control the decline in battery life due to low temperatures in winter, and in particular, by providing a constant temperature control function to control the internal temperature, it is possible to improve battery operation time and lifespan.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치에 대한 사시도.1 is a perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치에 대한 분해사시도.Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
도 3은 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치의 단면도.Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention.
도 4는 상기 도 3의 '배기수단'에 대한 단면도.Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the 'exhaust means' of Figure 3.
이하 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면을 토대로 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Hereinafter, the preferred embodiment will be described in detail based on the attached drawings.
하기에서 설명될 실시예는 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자가 발명을 용이하게 실시할 수 있을 정도로 상세하게 설명하기 위한 것이며, 이로 인해 본 발명의 기술적인 사상 및 범주가 한정되는 것을 의미하지는 않는다.The examples to be described below are intended to explain the invention in detail so that a person skilled in the art can easily carry out the invention, and this does not limit the technical idea and scope of the present invention. doesn't mean
또한, 도면에 도시된 구성요소의 크기나 형상 등은 설명의 명료성과 편의상 과장되게 도시될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 구성 및 작용을 고려하여 특별히 정의된 용어들은 사용자, 운용자의 의도 또는 관례에 따라 달라질 수 있고, 이러한 용어들에 대한 정의는 본 명세서 전반에 걸친 내용을 토대로 내려져야 함을 밝혀둔다. In addition, the size or shape of the components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation, and terms specifically defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention may vary depending on the intention or custom of the user or operator. It should be noted that definitions of these terms must be made based on the content throughout this specification.
첨부된 도면 중에서, 도 1은 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치에 대한 사시도, 도 2는 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치에 대한 분해사시도, 도 3은 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치의 단면도, 도 4는 상기 도 3의 '배기수단'에 대한 단면도이다. Among the attached drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention, Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention, and Figure 3 is a view of the fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention. A cross-sectional view of a fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the 'exhaust means' of FIG. 3.
도 1 내지 도 4에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명에 따른 전기 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 방지장치는, As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the fire and explosion prevention device for an electric battery according to the present invention,
여러개의 배터리 셀(2)과, 배터리 셀(2)을 수용하는 스틸케이스(4)를 포함하고, 스틸케이스(4)의 내부에 삽입되며 여러개의 배터리 셀(2)을 수용하며 단열성을 갖는 베셀(6);을 포함하여 이루어진다. A vessel that includes multiple battery cells (2) and a steel case (4) that accommodates the battery cells (2), is inserted into the interior of the steel case (4), accommodates multiple battery cells (2), and has thermal insulation properties. It includes (6);
베셀(6)은 내화 단열이 가능한 세라믹 충진층을 포함하여 이루어진다.The vessel 6 includes a ceramic filling layer capable of fire resistance and insulation.
베셀(6)은 다공질성 세라믹 또는 파이바 형태의 세라믹은 실리카 또는 알루미나가 단독 또는 실리카 또는 알루미나를 합친 중량이 10% 이상 99%이하로 구성 되어있으며, 압력이 통과가능한 것일 수 있다. The vessel 6 is a porous ceramic or fiber-type ceramic composed of silica or alumina alone or 10% to 99% of the combined weight of silica or alumina, and may be capable of passing pressure.
바람직하게는 베셀(6)은 다수의 기공이 형성되어 화염 누설은 차단하고, 배터리 화재로 인해 초기 폭발에 의해 발생되는 폭발 압력이 다수의 기공을 통해 외부로 분출되도록 함으로써 분산시킬 수 있다. Preferably, the vessel 6 is formed with a plurality of pores to block flame leakage, and the explosion pressure generated by the initial explosion due to a battery fire can be dispersed by allowing it to be ejected to the outside through the plurality of pores.
한편 상기 스틸케이스(4)는 지면방향으로 다수의 배기수단(8)이 형성되어 내부의 가스압력이 분산될 수 있다. Meanwhile, the steel case 4 has a plurality of exhaust means 8 formed in the ground direction so that the gas pressure inside can be distributed.
도 4를 참조하면, 상기 배기수단(8)은Referring to Figure 4, the exhaust means 8 is
스틸케이스(4)에 형성된 벤트홀(40)에 통하며 외부로 돌출 형성되고 외부와 연결된 가스홀(80)이 형성된 관체(82)와, A tube body (82) extending through the vent hole (40) formed in the steel case (4) and having a gas hole (80) that protrudes outward and is connected to the outside,
상기 관체(82)의 내부에 삽입되며 벤트홀(40)을 개폐하는 디스크(84);A disk 84 that is inserted into the tube body 82 and opens and closes the vent hole 40;
상기 디스크(84)에 탄성 지지되도록 관체(82)의 내부에 결합되는 탄성부재(86);를 포함하여 이루어진다. It includes an elastic member 86 coupled to the inside of the tubular body 82 so as to be elastically supported by the disk 84.
따라서 베셀(6)(CV : Ceramic vessel)로부터 분출된 가스 압력이 벤트홀(40)을 통해 배기수단(8)으로 유입된다.Therefore, the gas pressure ejected from the vessel 6 (CV: Ceramic vessel) flows into the exhaust means 8 through the vent hole 40.
유입된 가스 압력이 디스크(84)를 밀어 개방시키고, 이따 탄성부재(86)는 수축되며, 디스크(84)를 통과한 가스 압력이 관체(82)의 가스홀(80)을 통해 외부로 방출됨으로써 스틸케이스(4)의 내부 압력이 감소될 수 있다. The introduced gas pressure pushes the disk 84 to open, and then the elastic member 86 contracts, and the gas pressure passing through the disk 84 is released to the outside through the gas hole 80 of the pipe body 82. The internal pressure of the steel case 4 can be reduced.
한편 상기 베셀(6) 또는 스틸케이스(4)의 내부에 온도를 감지하도록 형성된 센서(91);Meanwhile, a sensor 91 formed to detect temperature inside the vessel 6 or the steel case 4;
상기 센서(91)와 연동되며 베셀(6) 또는 스틸케이스(4)의 적정 온도로 유지되도록 냉각부(922)와 발열부(924)로 이루어진 항온유지부(92);를 포함하여 구성된다. It is configured to include a constant temperature maintenance unit 92, which is linked with the sensor 91 and consists of a cooling unit 922 and a heating unit 924 to maintain the vessel 6 or the steel case 4 at an appropriate temperature.
따라서 베셀(6) 또는 스틸케이스(4)의 내부 온도가 상승하면 센서(91)가 이를 감지하여 냉각부(922)가 온(on) 작동되어 적정한 온도로 하강되도록 한다. Therefore, when the internal temperature of the vessel 6 or the steel case 4 increases, the sensor 91 detects this and the cooling unit 922 is turned on to lower the temperature to an appropriate temperature.
또는 온도가 하강하면 센서(91)가 발열부(924)를 온(on) 작동시켜 내부 온도를 적정하게 상승시키게 된다. Alternatively, when the temperature drops, the sensor 91 turns on the heating unit 924 to appropriately increase the internal temperature.
이하 본 발명의 작용을 설명하면 다음과 같다.The operation of the present invention will be described below.
배터리 충돌시 임계치 이상의 손상으로 배터리 내 분리막의 파손에 의한 합선을 파악하기 위해 충격 센서 모듈에서 감지된 임계충격치를 이용하여 배터리 손상 여부를 판단한다. In order to identify short circuits caused by damage to the separator in the battery due to damage exceeding the critical value during a battery collision, the critical impact value detected by the shock sensor module is used to determine whether the battery is damaged.
여기서, 전기차의 경우 급정거 또는 충돌 사고로 인한 배터리 손상 등이 판단되는 경우, 제어 모듈(미도시)은 전기 절연유를 전기차 배터리 모듈 내로 투입되어 추가적인 모듈의 전기 합선을 제어한다.Here, in the case of an electric vehicle, when battery damage due to a sudden stop or collision is determined, the control module (not shown) injects electrical insulating oil into the electric vehicle battery module to control electrical short circuits in additional modules.
또한 외부충격발생시 완충역활로 충격감소시킬 수 있고, 화재발생시, 폭발되는 압력이 벤트홀(40)로 새어 나가 폭발력 감소를 유도할 수 있다. In addition, when an external shock occurs, it can act as a buffer to reduce the impact, and when a fire occurs, the explosion pressure can leak through the vent hole (40), leading to a reduction in explosive power.
또한 불씨는 베셀(6)(CFB : Ceramic Fiber Box)에 갖혀서 나오지 못하도록 함으로써 화재를 방지할 수 있다. In addition, fires can be prevented by trapping embers in the vessel (6) (CFB: Ceramic Fiber Box) and preventing them from coming out.
아울러 사고발생 시, 화재 및 충격 등으로 안전 탈출시간을 확보할 수 있어 승객의 안전을 도모할 수 있다. In addition, in the event of an accident, safe escape time can be secured due to fire or shock, thereby promoting passenger safety.
또한 본 발명은 충전지 수명증대할 수 있다. 즉 배터리 셀(2) 주변에 베셀(6)의 단열효과로 겨울철 전기차 효율증대시킬 수 있다. Additionally, the present invention can increase the lifespan of rechargeable batteries. In other words, the efficiency of electric vehicles in winter can be increased due to the insulation effect of the vessel (6) around the battery cell (2).
약 20~30% 손실(loss)율 해소가 가능해진다. It is possible to eliminate the loss rate of about 20-30%.
비록 바람직한 실시예와 관련하여 설명되어졌지만, 발명의 요지와 범위로부터 벗어남이 없이 다양한 수정 및 변형이 가능한 것은 당업자라면 용이하게 인식할 수 있을 것이며, 이러한 변경 및 수정은 모두 첨부된 청구의 범위에 속함은 자명하다.Although the description has been made in relation to preferred embodiments, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the gist and scope of the invention, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims. is self-explanatory.
[부호의 설명][Explanation of symbols]
2 : 배터리 셀2: battery cell
4 : 스틸케이스4: Steel case
6 : 베셀6: Vessel
8 : 배기수단8: Exhaust means
80 : 가스홀80: gas hole
82 : 관체 82: tube body
84 : 디스크84: disk
86 : 탄성부재 86: elastic member
91 : 센서91: sensor
92 : 항온유지부92: constant temperature maintenance unit

Claims (7)

  1. 전기 배터리에 있어서, In electric batteries,
    여러개의 배터리 셀과, 배터리 셀을 수용하는 스틸케이스를 포함하고, 상기 스틸케이스의 내부에 삽입되며 여러개의 배터리 셀을 수용하며 단열성을 갖는 베셀;을 포함하고, It includes a vessel including a plurality of battery cells and a steel case accommodating the battery cells, and is inserted into the interior of the steel case, accommodating a plurality of battery cells and having thermal insulation properties,
    상기 베셀은 내화 단열이 가능한 다공질성 세라믹 또는 파이바 형태의 세라믹이 충진층을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.The vessel is a safety control device that prevents flame leakage in the event of an electric battery explosion and thermal runaway, characterized in that the vessel includes a filling layer of porous ceramic or fiber-type ceramic capable of fire resistance and insulation.
  2. 제 1항에 있어서,According to clause 1,
    상기 베셀은 다수의 기공이 형성되어 화염 누설은 차단하고, 폭발에 의한 압력은 분산시킬 수 있도록 한 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.A safety control device for preventing flame leakage in the event of an electric battery explosion and thermal runaway, characterized in that the vessel is formed with multiple pores to block flame leakage and disperse the pressure caused by the explosion.
  3. 제 1항에 있어서,According to clause 1,
    상기 스틸케이스는 일정 방향성을 갖도록 다수의 다수의 배기수단;이 형성되어 내부의 가스압력이 분산될 수 있도록 한 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.A safety control device by preventing flame leakage in the event of electric battery explosion and thermal runaway, characterized in that the steel case is formed with a plurality of exhaust means to have a certain direction so that the internal gas pressure can be distributed.
  4. 제 3항에 있어서,According to clause 3,
    상기 배기수단은The exhaust means is
    스틸케이스에 형성된 벤트홀에 통하며 외부로 돌출 형성되고 외부와 연결된 가스홀이 형성된 관체와, A tube body formed through a vent hole formed in the steel case, protrudes outward, and has a gas hole connected to the outside,
    상기 관체의 내부에 삽입되며 벤트홀을 개폐하는 디스크;A disk that is inserted into the tube body and opens and closes the vent hole;
    상기 디스크에 탄성 지지되도록 관체의 내부에 결합되는 탄성부재;an elastic member coupled to the interior of the tubular body to be elastically supported by the disk;
    를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.A safety control device by preventing flame leakage in the event of electric battery explosion and thermal runaway, comprising a.
  5. 제 1항에 있어서,According to clause 1,
    상기 베셀 또는 스틸케이스의 내부에 온도를 감지하도록 형성된 센서;A sensor formed to detect temperature inside the vessel or steel case;
    상기 센서와 연동되며 베셀 또는 스틸케이스의 적정 온도로 유지되도록 냉각부와 발열부로 이루어진 항온유지부;A constant temperature maintenance unit that is linked to the sensor and consists of a cooling unit and a heating unit to maintain the vessel or steel case at an appropriate temperature;
    를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.A safety control device by preventing flame leakage in the event of electric battery explosion and thermal runaway, comprising a.
  6. 제 1항에 있어서, According to clause 1,
    배터리 충돌시 임계치 이상의 손상으로 배터리내 분리막의 파손에 의한 합선을 파악하기 위해 충격 센서 모듈에서 감지된 임계충격치를 이용하여 배터리 손상 여부를 판단한 후, In order to identify short circuits caused by damage to the separator in the battery due to damage exceeding the critical value when the battery crashes, the critical impact value detected by the shock sensor module is used to determine whether the battery is damaged.
    제어 모듈을 통해 배터리 모듈내 전기 절연유를 투입시켜서 추가적인 모듈의 전기 합선을 제어될 수 있는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.A safety control device that prevents flame leakage in the event of electric battery explosion or thermal runaway by controlling electrical short circuits in additional modules by injecting electrical insulating oil into the battery module through the control module.
  7. 제 1항에 있어서, According to clause 1,
    상기 다공질성 세라믹 또는 파이바 형태의 세라믹은 실리카 또는 알루미나가 단독 또는 실리카 또는 알루미나를 합친 중량이 10% 이상 99%이하로 구성 되어있으며, 압력이 통과가능한 것을 특징으로 하는 전기 배터리 폭발 및 열폭주 시 화염 누출 방지를 통한 안전 제어 장치.The porous ceramic or fiber-type ceramic is composed of silica or alumina alone or 10% to 99% of the combined weight of silica or alumina, and is characterized in that pressure can pass through during explosion and thermal runaway of an electric battery. Safety control device with protection against flame leakage.
PCT/KR2023/002823 2023-01-26 2023-02-28 Device for safety control through prevention of escape of flame in event of explosion and thermal runaway in electric battery WO2024158082A1 (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003068269A (en) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-07 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Closed type storage battery
JP2013522830A (en) * 2010-03-15 2013-06-13 リ−テック・バッテリー・ゲーエムベーハー Lithium-ion cell with intrinsic protection against thermal runaway
JP2015120494A (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 現代自動車株式会社 Vehicle battery power cutoff device and vehicle battery power cutoff method
KR20170005117A (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-01-11 카덴차 이노베이션, 인크 Lithium ion battery with thermal runaway protection
KR20220159553A (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-12-05 주식회사 빈센 Battery of ship with fire spread prevention function

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003068269A (en) * 2001-08-28 2003-03-07 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Closed type storage battery
JP2013522830A (en) * 2010-03-15 2013-06-13 リ−テック・バッテリー・ゲーエムベーハー Lithium-ion cell with intrinsic protection against thermal runaway
JP2015120494A (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 現代自動車株式会社 Vehicle battery power cutoff device and vehicle battery power cutoff method
KR20170005117A (en) * 2014-05-21 2017-01-11 카덴차 이노베이션, 인크 Lithium ion battery with thermal runaway protection
KR20220159553A (en) * 2021-05-25 2022-12-05 주식회사 빈센 Battery of ship with fire spread prevention function

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