WO2024151165A1 - Electromagnetic rotation transmission device, and power generator system and (smart) wind turbine with variable swept area and with such electromagnetic rotation transmission device - Google Patents

Electromagnetic rotation transmission device, and power generator system and (smart) wind turbine with variable swept area and with such electromagnetic rotation transmission device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024151165A1
WO2024151165A1 PCT/NL2024/050016 NL2024050016W WO2024151165A1 WO 2024151165 A1 WO2024151165 A1 WO 2024151165A1 NL 2024050016 W NL2024050016 W NL 2024050016W WO 2024151165 A1 WO2024151165 A1 WO 2024151165A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electromagnets
transmission device
rotating cylinder
rotation transmission
electromagnetic rotation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2024/050016
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hamid AGHABARARI
Gholamreza KARBOR
Original Assignee
Wattrogen B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wattrogen B.V. filed Critical Wattrogen B.V.
Publication of WO2024151165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024151165A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/102—Magnetic gearings, i.e. assembly of gears, linear or rotary, by which motion is magnetically transferred without physical contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D67/00—Combinations of couplings and brakes; Combinations of clutches and brakes
    • F16D67/02—Clutch-brake combinations
    • F16D67/06—Clutch-brake combinations electromagnetically actuated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/20—Electric or magnetic using electromagnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic rotation transmission device . Furthermore , the invention relates to a power generator system and wind turbine with such electromagnetic rotation transmission device .
  • a wind turbine is known in the prior art .
  • a conventional wind turbine utili zes the energy of the wind to turn two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor .
  • the rotor is connected to either a vertical or horizontal shaft mounted generator that spins with a number of rounds per minute (RPM) to generate electricity .
  • RPM rounds per minute
  • wind turbines are mounted on a tower or building structure so as to capture the most energy in a location so as to receive the full effects of the wind yet not disturb the immediate environment .
  • the rotor is connected to either a vertical or hori zontal shaft mounted generator that generates electricity .
  • the generator has an optimal RPM range in which electricity is generated the most efficient .
  • An disadvantage of the known wind turbine is that the rotor is connected to the shaft of the generator, such that the RPM of the shaft corresponds to the RPM of the rotor .
  • the RPM of the rotor of the wind turbine depends among others on the wind speed . In certain countries , such as the Netherlands , most of the time the wind speed is too low to rotate the rotor with a RPM that enables the generator to work in the optimal RPM range . As a result, the generator is generating electricity in an inef ficient manner most of the time .
  • the invention provides an electromagnetic rotation transmission device for transmission of a rotational movement, comprising : a cylindrical housing defining a transmission space and having a first closed end and a second closed end; an input cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space ; a rotating cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space and around the input cylinder, and having a hollow cylindrical wall ; an input shaft extending through the first closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the input cylinder; and an output shaft extending through the second closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the rotating cylinder, wherein N magnets are arranged at one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , wherein M electromagnets are arranged at another one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and wherein the
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device may be used in combination with a vertical axis wind turbine .
  • the rotor of the vertical axis wind turbine may be connected to the input shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device
  • the generator of the vertical axis wind turbine may be connected to the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device . Therefore, during use , rotational movement of the rotor results in rotational movement of the input shaft and thereby of the input cylinder and the magnets arranged at the outer circumference thereof .
  • the Rounds Per Minute (RPM) of the input cylinder and the magnets arranged thereon corresponds to the RPM of the rotor of the wind turbine .
  • the controller is enabled to activate the electromagnets , for example, in such manner that the electromagnets alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole , that a first number of adj acent electromagnets defines a magnetic north pole and a second number of adj acent electromagnets define a magnetic south pole .
  • the electromagnets may be activated groupwise, such that 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same magnetic pole .
  • a number of adj acent electromagnets having the same magnetic pole are considered to define one magnetic pole .
  • the RPM of the rotating cylinder and the output shaft depends on the ratio between the number of magnetic poles of the input cylinder and the number of magnetic poles of the rotating cylinder . For example, when the input cylinder has 10 magnetic poles and the rotating cylinder has 4 magnetic poles , 1 RPM of the input cylinder would result in 2 . 5 RPM of the rotating cylinder . Likewise , when the input cylinder has 10 magnetic poles and the rotating cylinder has 20 magnetic poles , 1 RPM of the input cylinder would result in 0 . 5 RPM of the rotating cylinder .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device advantageously enables a user to control the RPM of the output shaft by controlling the electromagnets of the rotating cylinder .
  • the RPM of the output shaft thereby, may be increased or decreased with respect to the RPM of the input shaft, in order to adj ust the RPM of the output shaft to be in the optimal RPM range of the generator of the wind turbine . This is advantageous as this results in the generator generating electricity more efficiently, which results in a higher power output by lower wind speeds .
  • N is smaller than or equal to M .
  • the rotating cylinder may have less or more magnetic poles than the input cylinder, thereby allowing to control the RPM of the output shaft to be higher or lower than the RPM of the input shaft . This is advantageous , as the RPM of the output shaft may be adj usted to be in the optimal RPM range of the generator when the wind speed is too high or too low .
  • the controller is configured to activate one or more of the electromagnets to define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole .
  • the controller is configured to activate the one or more of the electromagnets groupwise such that a number of adj acent electromagnets have the same magnetic pole , thereby controlling a number of groups of magnetic north poles and magnetic south poles .
  • the controller is configured to deactivate one or more of the electromagnets such that one or more of the electromagnets are neutral .
  • all electromagnets of the rotating cylinder may be deactivated .
  • the rotating cylinder is decoupled from the input cylinder, such that rotation of the input cylinder does not result in rotation of the rotating cylinder .
  • An advantage of this embodiment therefore, may be that the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is enabled to function as a clutch .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a radiofrequency, RF, shield arranged around the rotating cylinder .
  • the RF shield comprises a cylindrical wall made of a RF shielding material and arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the rotating cylinder .
  • the RF shield advantageously prevent components outside the RF shield from being ef fectuated by the magnets or electromagnets within the RF shield .
  • the rotating cylinder is a first rotating cylinder
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a second rotating cylinder arranged around the first rotating cylinder
  • the second rotating cylinder is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the RF shield .
  • the second rotating cylinder comprises a hollow cylindrical wall , and, at the outer circumference thereof , a number of electromagnets operatively connected to the controller, or a number of permanent magnets
  • the cylindrical housing comprises a cylindrical wall surrounding the second rotating cylinder, the RF shield, the first rotating cylinder and the input cylinder and comprising, at the inner circumference thereof , a number of electromagnets operatively connected to the controller, or a number of permanent magnets .
  • the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder and the electromagnets at the cylindrical housing are operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or an energy storage .
  • the controller is configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder .
  • the controller is configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets at the cylindrical housing .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device may be used in a so-called charging and braking mode .
  • a number of the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder which is rotated due to rotation of the first rotating cylinder, are electrically activated selectively . Due to the rotation of the electrically activated electromagnets a magnetic field is created, which causes the electromagnets at the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall to function as an electric generator . As the electromagnets are operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or to an energy storage , the one or more capacitors and/or the energy storage may be charged by means of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device . Additionally, during charging, a resistance may be created for the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder, for example by increasing the activated number thereof . The created resistance may be used for reducing the rotation speed of the second rotating cylinder .
  • a further possible mode is the shooting mode .
  • the shooting mode may be used for initiating rotation of the input shaft .
  • electromagnets at the cylindrical wall and electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder are selectively activated, such that the electromagnets at the cylindrical wall serve as stator and the second rotating cylinder serve as rotor .
  • the second rotating cylinder will be rotated that results in rotation of the first rotating cylinder .
  • the shooting mode may be advantageously used for initiating rotation of the input shaft .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a stabilator that is provided within the transmission housing and arranged around the input shaft .
  • the stabilator comprises a stabilator disc around the input shaft and at the side of the input cylinder facing towards the first closed end of the housing .
  • the N magnets are arranged the outer circumference of the input cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , and the M electromagnets are arranged at the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder .
  • the N magnets are arranged at the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , and the M electromagnets are arranged at the outer circumference of the input cylinder .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a slip ring, preferably arranged within the transmission space, configured for connecting the electromagnets to the controller .
  • the controller comprises a PID ( Proportional , Integral , Derivative ) controller configured for operating the electromagnetic rotation transmission device such that the output shaft is rotating at a predetermined rotation speed .
  • the PID controller is configured for modifying the strength of the magnetic field excited by the electromagnets .
  • the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device may be kept at the predetermined speed irrespective of variations in load or input conditions . This is advantageous as this may result in that a generator operatively connected to the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is working in its optimal RPM range, irrespective of variations in load or input conditions
  • An additional advantage may be that it is no longer required to provide a charge controller and inverter to the generator, thereby improving the reliability thereof .
  • the invention provides a power generator system, in particular an AC power generator system, comprising : a power generator having an generator input shaft, and an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is operatively connected to the generator input shaft .
  • the power generator according to the invention has at least the same technical advantages as described in relation to the electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention .
  • the invention provides a ( smart ) wind turbine for generating electricity, comprising : a rotor configured to rotate about a rotation axis ; a generator operatively connected to the rotor and configured the rotation of the rotor into electricity; and an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the rotor is operatively connected to the input shaft thereof , and the generator is operatively connected to the output shaft thereof .
  • the wind turbine according to the invention has at least the same technical advantages as described in relation to the electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention .
  • the wind turbine is a vertical wind turbine .
  • the wind turbine is a wind turbine with variable swept area .
  • the wind turbine comprises two or more arms connected to the rotor, wherein each of the arms has a dynamic length .
  • Figure 1 shows an isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figure 1 ;
  • Figures 3A and 3B show a first and second exploded view of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figures 1 and 2 ;
  • Figure 4 shows an isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-section parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figure 4 ;
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-section transverse to the longitudinal axis of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figure 4 .
  • FIG. 1 An isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1 .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 may be used for transmission of an input rotational movement , for example , generated by rotation of the rotor blades of a wind turbine , in particular a vertical wind turbine , to an output rotational movement, for example, to a generator .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 is provided with a housing 2 , in particular a cylindrical shaped housing 2 .
  • a transmission space 3 is defined in which transmission of the input rotational movement to the output rotational movement takes place .
  • the housing 2 further includes a first closed end 4 , and a second closed end 5, wherein an input shaft 6 extends through the first closed end 4 into the transmission space 3 , and an output shaft 7 extends through the second closed end 5 into the transmission space 3 .
  • the first closed end 4 is provided with an outwardly proj ecting receiving indentation 8 .
  • an input cylinder 10 in particular a solid input cylinder 10 , is arranged in a rotatable manner .
  • the input cylinder 10 is provided with a number of , for example 10 , permanent magnets 11 on the outer circumference thereof , which permanent magnets 11 are arranged next to each other and extend over substantially the whole height of the input cylinder 10 .
  • the permanent magnets 11 are arranged in such manner that the north and south poles of the permanents magnets 11 are alternating in the circumferential direction of the input cylinder 10 .
  • the input shaft 6 is connected to the input cylinder 10 such that rotation of the input shaft 6 results in rotation of the input cylinder 10 .
  • the input cylinder 10 is provided with a connecting axle 12 extending from the input cylinder 10 parallel to the rotational axis A thereof .
  • the input cylinder 10 has a first diameter .
  • a first rotating cylinder 15 is provided, which first rotating cylinder 15 has a second diameter which is slightly larger than the first diameter of the input cylinder 10 , such that the first rotating cylinder 15 may be arranged around the input cylinder 10 and that the distance between the input cylinder 10 and the first rotating cylinder 10 , for example, is a few millimeter .
  • the first rotating cylinder 15 is provided with a hollow cylindrical wall 16, which cylindrical wall 16 has a number of , for example 20 , electromagnets 17 , in particular T-shaped electromagnets 17 arranged at the inner circumference thereof .
  • the electromagnets 17 are operatively connected to a not shown controller and configured for being activated independently from each other .
  • the electromagnets 17 may be activated in such manner that one or more electromagnets 17 alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole, that a first number of adj acent electromagnets 17 define a magnetic north pole and a second number of ad acent electromagnets 17 define a magnetic south pole , or that all or some of the electromagnets 17 are deactivated . It is noted that the electromagnets 17 may be activated groupwise , such that, for example, 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same pole .
  • a radiofrequency (RF) shield 18 is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the first rotating cylinder 15 such that rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 results in rotation of the RF shield 18 .
  • the RF shield 18 has a cylindrical wall 19 , having a third diameter and made of a RF shielding material , arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the first rotating cylinder 15.
  • the RF shield 18 is configured for shielding the outer circumference thereof against any electromagnetic ef fects caused by the electromagnets of the first rotating cylinder 17 .
  • a stabilator 20 is provided on the side of the input cylinder 10 facing towards the first closed end 4 .
  • the stabilator 20 includes a stabilator disc 21 having an opening 22 in the center thereof , wherein the stabilator disc 21 has a further outwardly proj ecting receiving indentation 23 to be received within the outwardly proj ecting receiving indentation 8 of the first closed end 4 .
  • the stabilator 20 is configured for stabilizing movement of among others the input cylinder 10 , the first rotating cylinder 17 , and the RF shield 18 .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 further comprises a second rotating cylinder 25 which second rotating cylinder 25 has a fourth diameter which is slightly larger than the third diameter of the RF shield 18 , such that the second rotating cylinder 25 may be arranged around the RF shield 18 .
  • the second rotating cylinder 25 is provided with a hollow cylindrical wall 26 , which cylindrical wall 26 has a number of electromagnets 27 , in particular T-shaped electromagnets 27 arranged at the outer circumference thereof .
  • the electromagnets 27 are also operatively connected to the not shown controller and configured for being activated independently from each other .
  • the electromagnets 27 may be activated in such manner that one or more electromagnets 27 alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole , that a first number of adj acent electromagnets 27 define a magnetic north pole and a second number of adj acent electromagnets 27 define a magnetic south pole, or that all or some of the electromagnets 27 may be deactivated . It is noted that the electromagnets 27 may be activated groupwise, such that, for example, 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same pole .
  • the second rotating cylinder 25 is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the RF shield 18 such that rotation of the RF shield 18 results in rotation of the second rotating cylinder 25 .
  • the housing 2 of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 has a cylindrical wall 30 for surrounding the second rotating cylinder 25 , the RF shield 18 , the first rotating cylinder 15 and the input cylinder 10 .
  • the cylindrical wall 30 is provided with a number of electromagnets 31 , in particular T-shaped electromagnets 31 .
  • the electromagnets 31 are also operatively connected to the not shown controller and configured for being activated independently from each other .
  • the electromagnets 31 may be activated in such manner that one or more of electromagnets 31 alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole, that a first number of adj acent electromagnets 31 define a magnetic north pole and a second number of adj acent electromagnets 31 define a magnetic south pole , or that all or some of the electromagnets 31 may be deactivated . It is noted that the electromagnets 31 may be activated groupwise , such that, for example, 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same pole .
  • the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 and the electromagnets 31 of the cylindrical wall 30 may be operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or to an energy storage , such as a battery .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 is configured to be used in a number of different modes .
  • a first possible mode is the so-called clutch mode .
  • the clutch mode which for example may be used when the input shaft 6 has a too high rotational speed due to a high wind speed being applied to the wind turbine , the electromagnets 17 of the first rotating cylinder 15, the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 26 and all or some of the electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 may be deactivated . Therefore, the input cylinder 10 may rotate freely within the transmission space 3 without resulting in rotation of the output shaft 7 .
  • a further possible mode is the converting mode .
  • the electromagnets 17 of the first rotating cylinder 15 are activated such that movement of the input cylinder 10 results in rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 and thus the output shaft 7 .
  • the input cylinder 10 may comprise 10 permanent magnets and thus 10 north and south polarities
  • the first rotating cylinder 15 may comprise 20 electromagnets .
  • the electromagnets may be activated groupwise, such that, for example, 2 adj acent electromagnets 17 have the same pole and the first rotating cylinder thus has 10 groups of north and south polarities .
  • the input cylinder 10 and the first rotating cylinder 15 have the same amount of groups of north and south polarities , one rotation of the input cylinder results in one rotation of the first rotating cylinder .
  • the electromagnets 17 When in the converting mode, for example , the electromagnets 17 alternatingly have a north and south pole, the ratio between the number of groups of north and south polarities of the input cylinder 10 and of the first rotating cylinder 15 is 0 . 5 . As a result , one rotation of the input cylinder 10 results in 0 . 5 rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 .
  • the number of rotations of the input shaft 6 are converted to a number of rotations of the output shaft 7 , wherein the number of groups of north and south polarities of the first rotating cylinder 15 determines the conversion ratio .
  • a further possible mode is the charging and braking mode, which is based on the converting mode .
  • a number of the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25, which is rotated due to rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15, are selectively electrically activated in accordance with the rotation speed of the input shaft 6 and the torque applied thereto . Due to the rotation of the electrically activated electromagnets 27 a magnetic field is created . The magnetic field causes the electromagnets 31 at the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall 30 to function as an electric generator .
  • the one or more capacitors and/or the energy storage may be charged by means of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 .
  • the amount of electricity generated depends on the number of electromagnets 27 that is activated .
  • the inventors have found that the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 appears to function as a squirrel cage rotor induction motor .
  • a resistance is created for the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 , for example by increasing the number of activated electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 , which resistance may be used for reducing the rotation speed of the second rotating cylinder 25 and, therefore , of the first rotating cylinder 15, the input cylinder 10 and the input shaft 6.
  • the braking strength may be controlled by reducing or increasing the number of activated electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25.
  • a further possible mode is the shooting mode , which also involves that in described in relation to the converting mode .
  • the shooting mode may be used for initiating rotation of the input shaft 6.
  • electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 and electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 are selectively activated, such that the electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 serve as stator and the second rotating cylinder 25 serve as rotor .
  • the second rotating cylinder 25 will be rotated that results in rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15, the input cylinder 10 and, thus , the input shaft 6 .
  • the shooting mode may be used for initiating rotation of the rotor blades of a wind turbine .
  • FIG. 4 An isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 according to another embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 4 .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 may be used for transmission of an input rotational movement, for example, generated by rotation of the rotor blades of a wind turbine, in particular a vertical wind turbine, to an output rotational movement , for example , to a generator .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 is also provided with a housing 102 , in particular a cylindrical shaped housing
  • a transmission space 103 is defined in which transmission of the input rotational movement to the output rotational movement takes place .
  • the housing 102 further includes a first closed end 104 , and a second closed end 105 , wherein an input shaft 106 extends through the first closed end 104 into the transmission space
  • the housing 102 is provided with mounting proj ections 101 , which proj ect radially outwards from the outer circumference of the housing 102 .
  • the input shaft 106 extends into and through the maj ority of the transmission space 103 .
  • the input shaft 106 is provided with an input cylinder 110 , also called a rotor, that is fixed to the input shaft 106 such that rotation of the input shaft 106 results in rotation of the input cylinder 110 .
  • the input cylinder 110 is provided with N permanent magnets 111 at the outer circumference thereof .
  • the permanent magnets 111 have magnetic north and south poles , and are arranged in such manner that the north and south poles of the permanents magnets 111 are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof . Due to this construction, rotation of the input shaft 106 around the longitudinal axis L thereof , results in rotation of the input cylinder 110 and thus the permanent magnets 111 around the longitudinal axis L .
  • the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 is further provided with a rotating cylinder 115 arranged around the input cylinder 110 .
  • the input cylinder 110 has a first height
  • the rotating cylinder 115 has a second height , wherein the first height is larger than the second height .
  • the rotating cylinder 115 has a hollow cylindrical wall 116.
  • a number of , in particular M electromagnets 117 are arranged that face towards the permanent magnets 111 at the input cylinder 110 .
  • each of the electromagnets 117 has a T-shaped portion 118 of which the bottom is connected to the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall 116 .
  • an electric wire is wound around the T-shaped portion 118 , which electric wire is connected to a power source as elucidated below, and each of the electromagnets 117 is connected to a controller configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets 117 .
  • a cylinder 120 is arranged around the rotating cylinder 115 and the input cylinder 110 .
  • the cylinder 120 has a further hollow cylindrical wall 121 that is connected to the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall 116 two or more set screws 122 . Therefore, the cylinder 120 rotates around the longitudinal axis L when the input cylinder 110 and the rotating cylinder 115 rotate around the longitudinal axis L .
  • the further hollow cylindrical wall 121 is closed by means of a first end cap 125 through which the input shaft 106 extends .
  • the further hollow cylindrical wall 121 is closed by means of a second end cap 126 through which the input shaft 106 extends .
  • the output shaft 107 is connected to the second end cap 126 by means of connecting screws 127 .
  • the output shaft 107 Upon rotation of the rotating cylinder 115 and, thus , the cylinder 120 , the output shaft 107 also rotates .
  • a sleeve 130 is provided around the input shaft 106.
  • the sleeve 130 is fixed to the first closed end 104 at the side thereof facing towards the transmission space 103 .
  • a first bearing 131 is provided within the sleeve 130 and around the input shaft 106 , thereby allowing rotation of the input shaft 106.
  • a second bearing 132 is provided between the respective end of the sleeve 130 and the first end cap 125, and around the input shaft 106.
  • a third bearing 133 is provided between the first end cap 125 and the end of the input cylinder 110 facing towards the first end cap 125, and around the input shaft 106.
  • a fourth bearing 134 is provided between the second end cap 126 and the end of the input cylinder 110 facing towards the second end cap 126 , and around the input shaft 106.
  • a slip ring 140 is provided, which slip ring 140 is arranged between the first end cap 125 and the first closed end 104 and around the sleeve 130 .
  • the slip ring 140 is provided with a wire output 141 for electrically connecting the slip ring 140 to a not shown power source , and with coil wires 142 extending between the slip ring 140 and the electromagnets 117 to provide and/or receive electric energy to and/or from the electromagnets 117 .
  • Operation of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 as shown in figures 4- 6 corresponds to operation of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 as shown in figures 1-3 .
  • each of electromagnetic rotation transmission devices 1 , 100 may comprises a PID ( Proportional , Integral , Derivative ) controller connected to the electromagnets thereof .
  • the PID controller may be used as follows :
  • Proportional Control ( P) : This component of the PID controller deals with the present value of the error, which is the difference between the predetermined rotation speed of the output shaft and the current speed . I f the input shaft speed drops and the output shaft slows down, the proportional control will act to increase the output to bring the speed back up to the predetermined rotation speed .
  • Integral Control ( I ) : The integral part addresses the accumulated error over time . I f there has been a persistent deviation from the setpoint, the integral control works to eliminate it, ensuring long-term stability . This would help compensate for sustained periods of low wind speed, adj usting the parameters of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device to maintain the predetermined rotation speed .
  • Derivative Control This part of the controller responds to the rate of change of the error . I f the output shaft rotation speed is changing rapidly, the derivative control helps to dampen this , preventing overshoot and ensuring a smooth approach to the predetermined rotation speed . In the context of wind turbines , this could be useful for dealing with gusts of wind that cause sudden changes in input shaft speed .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic rotation transmission device for transmission of a rotational movement, comprising: a cylindrical housing defining a transmission space and having a first closed end and a second closed end; an input cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space; a rotating cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space and around the input cylinder, and having a hollow cylindrical wall; an input shaft extending through the first closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the input cylinder; and an output shaft extending through the second closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the rotating cylinder, wherein N magnets are arranged at one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof, wherein M electromagnets are arranged at another one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and wherein the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a controller operatively connected to the electromagnets of the rotating cylinder and configured for selectively activating the electromagnets to define a magnetic north or south pole.

Description

ELECTROMAGNETIC ROTATION TRANSMISSION DEVICE , AND POWER GENERATOR SYSTEM AND ( SMART ) WIND TURBINE WITH VARIABLE SWEPT AREA AND WITH SUCH ELECTROMAGNETIC ROTATION TRANSMISS ION
DEVICE
BACKGROUND
The invention relates to an electromagnetic rotation transmission device . Furthermore , the invention relates to a power generator system and wind turbine with such electromagnetic rotation transmission device .
A wind turbine, is known in the prior art . For example, a conventional wind turbine utili zes the energy of the wind to turn two or three propeller-like blades around a rotor . The rotor is connected to either a vertical or horizontal shaft mounted generator that spins with a number of rounds per minute (RPM) to generate electricity . Usually, wind turbines are mounted on a tower or building structure so as to capture the most energy in a location so as to receive the full effects of the wind yet not disturb the immediate environment .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As described above , the rotor is connected to either a vertical or hori zontal shaft mounted generator that generates electricity . The generator has an optimal RPM range in which electricity is generated the most efficient . An disadvantage of the known wind turbine is that the rotor is connected to the shaft of the generator, such that the RPM of the shaft corresponds to the RPM of the rotor . The RPM of the rotor of the wind turbine depends among others on the wind speed . In certain countries , such as the Netherlands , most of the time the wind speed is too low to rotate the rotor with a RPM that enables the generator to work in the optimal RPM range . As a result, the generator is generating electricity in an inef ficient manner most of the time .
It is an obj ect of the present invention to ameliorate or to eliminate one or more disadvantages of the known prior art, or to at least provide an alternative to the known prior art .
According to a first aspect , the invention provides an electromagnetic rotation transmission device for transmission of a rotational movement, comprising : a cylindrical housing defining a transmission space and having a first closed end and a second closed end; an input cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space ; a rotating cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space and around the input cylinder, and having a hollow cylindrical wall ; an input shaft extending through the first closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the input cylinder; and an output shaft extending through the second closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the rotating cylinder, wherein N magnets are arranged at one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , wherein M electromagnets are arranged at another one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and wherein the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a controller operatively connected to the electromagnets of the rotating cylinder and configured for selectively activating the electromagnets to define a magnetic north or south pole .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the invention, for example, may be used in combination with a vertical axis wind turbine . The rotor of the vertical axis wind turbine may be connected to the input shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device , and the generator of the vertical axis wind turbine may be connected to the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device . Therefore, during use , rotational movement of the rotor results in rotational movement of the input shaft and thereby of the input cylinder and the magnets arranged at the outer circumference thereof . The Rounds Per Minute (RPM) of the input cylinder and the magnets arranged thereon corresponds to the RPM of the rotor of the wind turbine .
Furthermore , the controller is enabled to activate the electromagnets , for example, in such manner that the electromagnets alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole , that a first number of adj acent electromagnets defines a magnetic north pole and a second number of adj acent electromagnets define a magnetic south pole . For example , the electromagnets may be activated groupwise, such that 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same magnetic pole . A number of adj acent electromagnets having the same magnetic pole are considered to define one magnetic pole .
The inventors have found out that the RPM of the rotating cylinder and the output shaft depends on the ratio between the number of magnetic poles of the input cylinder and the number of magnetic poles of the rotating cylinder . For example, when the input cylinder has 10 magnetic poles and the rotating cylinder has 4 magnetic poles , 1 RPM of the input cylinder would result in 2 . 5 RPM of the rotating cylinder . Likewise , when the input cylinder has 10 magnetic poles and the rotating cylinder has 20 magnetic poles , 1 RPM of the input cylinder would result in 0 . 5 RPM of the rotating cylinder .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the invention, thus , advantageously enables a user to control the RPM of the output shaft by controlling the electromagnets of the rotating cylinder . The RPM of the output shaft , thereby, may be increased or decreased with respect to the RPM of the input shaft, in order to adj ust the RPM of the output shaft to be in the optimal RPM range of the generator of the wind turbine . This is advantageous as this results in the generator generating electricity more efficiently, which results in a higher power output by lower wind speeds .
In an embodiment , N is smaller than or equal to M . According to this embodiment, the rotating cylinder may have less or more magnetic poles than the input cylinder, thereby allowing to control the RPM of the output shaft to be higher or lower than the RPM of the input shaft . This is advantageous , as the RPM of the output shaft may be adj usted to be in the optimal RPM range of the generator when the wind speed is too high or too low .
In an embodiment, the controller is configured to activate one or more of the electromagnets to define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole . In a further embodiment, the controller is configured to activate the one or more of the electromagnets groupwise such that a number of adj acent electromagnets have the same magnetic pole , thereby controlling a number of groups of magnetic north poles and magnetic south poles .
In an embodiment, the controller is configured to deactivate one or more of the electromagnets such that one or more of the electromagnets are neutral . According to this embodiment, all electromagnets of the rotating cylinder may be deactivated . As a result, the rotating cylinder is decoupled from the input cylinder, such that rotation of the input cylinder does not result in rotation of the rotating cylinder . An advantage of this embodiment, therefore, may be that the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is enabled to function as a clutch .
In an embodiment, the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a radiofrequency, RF, shield arranged around the rotating cylinder . Preferably, the RF shield comprises a cylindrical wall made of a RF shielding material and arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the rotating cylinder . The RF shield advantageously prevent components outside the RF shield from being ef fectuated by the magnets or electromagnets within the RF shield .
In an embodiment, the rotating cylinder is a first rotating cylinder, and the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a second rotating cylinder arranged around the first rotating cylinder . In a further embodiment, the second rotating cylinder is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the RF shield . In an even further embodiment, the second rotating cylinder comprises a hollow cylindrical wall , and, at the outer circumference thereof , a number of electromagnets operatively connected to the controller, or a number of permanent magnets , and wherein the cylindrical housing comprises a cylindrical wall surrounding the second rotating cylinder, the RF shield, the first rotating cylinder and the input cylinder and comprising, at the inner circumference thereof , a number of electromagnets operatively connected to the controller, or a number of permanent magnets . In a preferred embodiment, when a number of electromagnets is arranged at the outer circumference of the second rotating cylinder and a number of electromagnets is arranged at the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall , the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder and the electromagnets at the cylindrical housing are operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or an energy storage . In an embodiment thereof , the controller is configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder . In a further embodiment, the controller is configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets at the cylindrical housing . According to this embodiment, the electromagnetic rotation transmission device may be used in a so-called charging and braking mode . In the charging and braking mode, a number of the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder, which is rotated due to rotation of the first rotating cylinder, are electrically activated selectively . Due to the rotation of the electrically activated electromagnets a magnetic field is created, which causes the electromagnets at the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall to function as an electric generator . As the electromagnets are operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or to an energy storage , the one or more capacitors and/or the energy storage may be charged by means of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device . Additionally, during charging, a resistance may be created for the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder, for example by increasing the activated number thereof . The created resistance may be used for reducing the rotation speed of the second rotating cylinder .
A further possible mode according to this embodiment, is the shooting mode . The shooting mode may be used for initiating rotation of the input shaft . In the shooting mode , electromagnets at the cylindrical wall and electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder are selectively activated, such that the electromagnets at the cylindrical wall serve as stator and the second rotating cylinder serve as rotor . By activating the electromagnets at the cylindrical wall and the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder, the second rotating cylinder will be rotated that results in rotation of the first rotating cylinder . The shooting mode may be advantageously used for initiating rotation of the input shaft . In an embodiment, the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a stabilator that is provided within the transmission housing and arranged around the input shaft . In an embodiment thereof , the stabilator comprises a stabilator disc around the input shaft and at the side of the input cylinder facing towards the first closed end of the housing .
In an embodiment, the N magnets are arranged the outer circumference of the input cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , and the M electromagnets are arranged at the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder . In another embodiment, the N magnets are arranged at the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , and the M electromagnets are arranged at the outer circumference of the input cylinder .
In an embodiment, the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a slip ring, preferably arranged within the transmission space, configured for connecting the electromagnets to the controller .
In an embodiment , the controller comprises a PID ( Proportional , Integral , Derivative ) controller configured for operating the electromagnetic rotation transmission device such that the output shaft is rotating at a predetermined rotation speed . In an embodiment thereof , the PID controller is configured for modifying the strength of the magnetic field excited by the electromagnets . According to this embodiment , the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device may be kept at the predetermined speed irrespective of variations in load or input conditions . This is advantageous as this may result in that a generator operatively connected to the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is working in its optimal RPM range, irrespective of variations in load or input conditions
An additional advantage may be that it is no longer required to provide a charge controller and inverter to the generator, thereby improving the reliability thereof .
According to a second aspect, the invention provides a power generator system, in particular an AC power generator system, comprising : a power generator having an generator input shaft, and an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is operatively connected to the generator input shaft .
The power generator according to the invention has at least the same technical advantages as described in relation to the electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention .
According to a third aspect , the invention provides a ( smart ) wind turbine for generating electricity, comprising : a rotor configured to rotate about a rotation axis ; a generator operatively connected to the rotor and configured the rotation of the rotor into electricity; and an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the rotor is operatively connected to the input shaft thereof , and the generator is operatively connected to the output shaft thereof .
The wind turbine according to the invention has at least the same technical advantages as described in relation to the electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to the first aspect of the invention .
According to an embodiment , the wind turbine is a vertical wind turbine .
According to an embodiment , the wind turbine is a wind turbine with variable swept area . In an embodiment thereof , the wind turbine comprises two or more arms connected to the rotor, wherein each of the arms has a dynamic length .
The various aspects and features described and shown in the specification can be applied, individually, wherever possible . These individual aspects , in particular the aspects and features described in the attached dependent claims , can be made subj ect of divisional patent applications .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be elucidated on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the attached drawings , in which :
Figure 1 shows an isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figure 1 ;
Figures 3A and 3B show a first and second exploded view of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figures 1 and 2 ;
Figure 4 shows an isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to another embodiment of the invention;
Figure 5 shows a cross-section parallel to the longitudinal axis of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figure 4 ; and
Figure 6 shows a cross-section transverse to the longitudinal axis of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device of figure 4 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1 . The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 may be used for transmission of an input rotational movement , for example , generated by rotation of the rotor blades of a wind turbine , in particular a vertical wind turbine , to an output rotational movement, for example, to a generator .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 is provided with a housing 2 , in particular a cylindrical shaped housing 2 . Within the housing 2 , a transmission space 3 is defined in which transmission of the input rotational movement to the output rotational movement takes place . The housing 2 further includes a first closed end 4 , and a second closed end 5, wherein an input shaft 6 extends through the first closed end 4 into the transmission space 3 , and an output shaft 7 extends through the second closed end 5 into the transmission space 3 . The first closed end 4 is provided with an outwardly proj ecting receiving indentation 8 .
In the transmission space 3 , an input cylinder 10 , in particular a solid input cylinder 10 , is arranged in a rotatable manner . The input cylinder 10 is provided with a number of , for example 10 , permanent magnets 11 on the outer circumference thereof , which permanent magnets 11 are arranged next to each other and extend over substantially the whole height of the input cylinder 10 . The permanent magnets 11 are arranged in such manner that the north and south poles of the permanents magnets 11 are alternating in the circumferential direction of the input cylinder 10 . At the end of the input cylinder 10 facing towards the first closed end 4 , the input shaft 6 is connected to the input cylinder 10 such that rotation of the input shaft 6 results in rotation of the input cylinder 10 . At the end of the input cylinder 10 facing towards the second closed end 5, the input cylinder 10 is provided with a connecting axle 12 extending from the input cylinder 10 parallel to the rotational axis A thereof . The input cylinder 10 has a first diameter .
As shown in figures 1 , 2 and 3A and 3B, a first rotating cylinder 15 is provided, which first rotating cylinder 15 has a second diameter which is slightly larger than the first diameter of the input cylinder 10 , such that the first rotating cylinder 15 may be arranged around the input cylinder 10 and that the distance between the input cylinder 10 and the first rotating cylinder 10 , for example, is a few millimeter . The first rotating cylinder 15 is provided with a hollow cylindrical wall 16, which cylindrical wall 16 has a number of , for example 20 , electromagnets 17 , in particular T-shaped electromagnets 17 arranged at the inner circumference thereof . The electromagnets 17 are operatively connected to a not shown controller and configured for being activated independently from each other . The electromagnets 17 , for example, may be activated in such manner that one or more electromagnets 17 alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole, that a first number of adj acent electromagnets 17 define a magnetic north pole and a second number of ad acent electromagnets 17 define a magnetic south pole , or that all or some of the electromagnets 17 are deactivated . It is noted that the electromagnets 17 may be activated groupwise , such that, for example, 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same pole .
As shown, for example, in figure 2 , a radiofrequency (RF) shield 18 is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the first rotating cylinder 15 such that rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 results in rotation of the RF shield 18 . The RF shield 18 has a cylindrical wall 19 , having a third diameter and made of a RF shielding material , arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the first rotating cylinder 15. The RF shield 18 is configured for shielding the outer circumference thereof against any electromagnetic ef fects caused by the electromagnets of the first rotating cylinder 17 .
As shown in figures 3A and 3B, a stabilator 20 is provided on the side of the input cylinder 10 facing towards the first closed end 4 . The stabilator 20 includes a stabilator disc 21 having an opening 22 in the center thereof , wherein the stabilator disc 21 has a further outwardly proj ecting receiving indentation 23 to be received within the outwardly proj ecting receiving indentation 8 of the first closed end 4 . The stabilator 20 is configured for stabilizing movement of among others the input cylinder 10 , the first rotating cylinder 17 , and the RF shield 18 .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 , as shown in figures 2 , 3A and 3B, further comprises a second rotating cylinder 25 which second rotating cylinder 25 has a fourth diameter which is slightly larger than the third diameter of the RF shield 18 , such that the second rotating cylinder 25 may be arranged around the RF shield 18 . The second rotating cylinder 25 is provided with a hollow cylindrical wall 26 , which cylindrical wall 26 has a number of electromagnets 27 , in particular T-shaped electromagnets 27 arranged at the outer circumference thereof . The electromagnets 27 are also operatively connected to the not shown controller and configured for being activated independently from each other . The electromagnets 27 , for example, may be activated in such manner that one or more electromagnets 27 alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole , that a first number of adj acent electromagnets 27 define a magnetic north pole and a second number of adj acent electromagnets 27 define a magnetic south pole, or that all or some of the electromagnets 27 may be deactivated . It is noted that the electromagnets 27 may be activated groupwise, such that, for example, 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same pole . The second rotating cylinder 25 is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the RF shield 18 such that rotation of the RF shield 18 results in rotation of the second rotating cylinder 25 .
Additionally, as shown in figure 3B, the end of the second rotating cylinder 25 facing towards the second closed end 5 is closed of f and the output shaft 7 is arranged at that end of the second rotating cylinder 25. As a result , rotation of the second rotating cylinder 25 results in rotation of the output shaft 7 .
The housing 2 of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 has a cylindrical wall 30 for surrounding the second rotating cylinder 25 , the RF shield 18 , the first rotating cylinder 15 and the input cylinder 10 . At the inner circumference, the cylindrical wall 30 is provided with a number of electromagnets 31 , in particular T-shaped electromagnets 31 . The electromagnets 31 are also operatively connected to the not shown controller and configured for being activated independently from each other . The electromagnets 31 , for example, may be activated in such manner that one or more of electromagnets 31 alternating define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole, that a first number of adj acent electromagnets 31 define a magnetic north pole and a second number of adj acent electromagnets 31 define a magnetic south pole , or that all or some of the electromagnets 31 may be deactivated . It is noted that the electromagnets 31 may be activated groupwise , such that, for example, 1 , 2 , 5 or 10 adj acent electromagnets have the same pole .
In the context of the present patent application, it is noted that the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 and the electromagnets 31 of the cylindrical wall 30 may be operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or to an energy storage , such as a battery .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 is configured to be used in a number of different modes . A first possible mode is the so-called clutch mode . In the clutch mode, which for example may be used when the input shaft 6 has a too high rotational speed due to a high wind speed being applied to the wind turbine , the electromagnets 17 of the first rotating cylinder 15, the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 26 and all or some of the electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 may be deactivated . Therefore, the input cylinder 10 may rotate freely within the transmission space 3 without resulting in rotation of the output shaft 7 .
A further possible mode is the converting mode . In the converting mode , the electromagnets 17 of the first rotating cylinder 15 are activated such that movement of the input cylinder 10 results in rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 and thus the output shaft 7 . As mentioned above, the input cylinder 10 may comprise 10 permanent magnets and thus 10 north and south polarities , and the first rotating cylinder 15 may comprise 20 electromagnets . In the converting mode, the electromagnets may be activated groupwise, such that, for example, 2 adj acent electromagnets 17 have the same pole and the first rotating cylinder thus has 10 groups of north and south polarities . When the input cylinder 10 and the first rotating cylinder 15 have the same amount of groups of north and south polarities , one rotation of the input cylinder results in one rotation of the first rotating cylinder .
When in the converting mode, for example, 5 ad acent electromagnets 17 have the same pole and the first rotating cylinder thus has 4 groups of north and south polarities , the ratio between the number of groups of north and south polarities of the input cylinder 10 and of the first rotating cylinder 15 is 2 . 5 . As a result , one rotation of the input cylinder results in 2 . 5 rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 .
When in the converting mode, for example, 10 adj acent electromagnets 17 have the same pole and the first rotating cylinder thus has 2 groups of north and south polarities , the ratio between the number of groups of north and south polarities of the input cylinder 10 and of the first rotating cylinder 15 is 5 . As a result , one rotation of the input cylinder results in 5 rotations of the first rotating cylinder 15 .
When in the converting mode, for example , the electromagnets 17 alternatingly have a north and south pole, the ratio between the number of groups of north and south polarities of the input cylinder 10 and of the first rotating cylinder 15 is 0 . 5 . As a result , one rotation of the input cylinder 10 results in 0 . 5 rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15 . In summary, in the converting mode , the number of rotations of the input shaft 6 are converted to a number of rotations of the output shaft 7 , wherein the number of groups of north and south polarities of the first rotating cylinder 15 determines the conversion ratio .
A further possible mode is the charging and braking mode, which is based on the converting mode . In the charging and braking mode , in addition to that described in relation to the converting mode, a number of the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25, which is rotated due to rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15, are selectively electrically activated in accordance with the rotation speed of the input shaft 6 and the torque applied thereto . Due to the rotation of the electrically activated electromagnets 27 a magnetic field is created . The magnetic field causes the electromagnets 31 at the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall 30 to function as an electric generator . As the electromagnets 31 are operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or to an energy storage, the one or more capacitors and/or the energy storage may be charged by means of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 . The amount of electricity generated depends on the number of electromagnets 27 that is activated . The inventors have found that the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 appears to function as a squirrel cage rotor induction motor .
Additionally, during charging, a resistance is created for the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 , for example by increasing the number of activated electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 , which resistance may be used for reducing the rotation speed of the second rotating cylinder 25 and, therefore , of the first rotating cylinder 15, the input cylinder 10 and the input shaft 6. The braking strength may be controlled by reducing or increasing the number of activated electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25.
A further possible mode is the shooting mode , which also involves that in described in relation to the converting mode . The shooting mode may be used for initiating rotation of the input shaft 6. In the shooting mode, electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 and electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25 are selectively activated, such that the electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 serve as stator and the second rotating cylinder 25 serve as rotor . By activating the electromagnets 31 at the cylindrical wall 30 and the electromagnets 27 of the second rotating cylinder 25, the second rotating cylinder 25 will be rotated that results in rotation of the first rotating cylinder 15, the input cylinder 10 and, thus , the input shaft 6 . The shooting mode may be used for initiating rotation of the rotor blades of a wind turbine .
An isometric view of an electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 according to another embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 4 . The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 may be used for transmission of an input rotational movement, for example, generated by rotation of the rotor blades of a wind turbine, in particular a vertical wind turbine, to an output rotational movement , for example , to a generator .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 according to the present embodiment is also provided with a housing 102 , in particular a cylindrical shaped housing
102 . Within the housing 102 , a transmission space 103 is defined in which transmission of the input rotational movement to the output rotational movement takes place . The housing 102 further includes a first closed end 104 , and a second closed end 105 , wherein an input shaft 106 extends through the first closed end 104 into the transmission space
103 , and an output shaft 107 extends through the second closed end 105 into the transmission space 103 . Additionally, at the outer circumference thereof , the housing 102 is provided with mounting proj ections 101 , which proj ect radially outwards from the outer circumference of the housing 102 .
As shown in figure 5, the input shaft 106 extends into and through the maj ority of the transmission space 103 . Near the end of the input shaft 106 within the transmission space 103 , the input shaft 106 is provided with an input cylinder 110 , also called a rotor, that is fixed to the input shaft 106 such that rotation of the input shaft 106 results in rotation of the input cylinder 110 . The input cylinder 110 , as best shown in figure 6, is provided with N permanent magnets 111 at the outer circumference thereof . The permanent magnets 111 have magnetic north and south poles , and are arranged in such manner that the north and south poles of the permanents magnets 111 are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof . Due to this construction, rotation of the input shaft 106 around the longitudinal axis L thereof , results in rotation of the input cylinder 110 and thus the permanent magnets 111 around the longitudinal axis L .
The electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 is further provided with a rotating cylinder 115 arranged around the input cylinder 110 . As shown in figure 5 , the input cylinder 110 has a first height, and the rotating cylinder 115 has a second height , wherein the first height is larger than the second height . The rotating cylinder 115 has a hollow cylindrical wall 116. At the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall 116, a number of , in particular M, electromagnets 117 are arranged that face towards the permanent magnets 111 at the input cylinder 110 . As best shown in figure 6 , each of the electromagnets 117 has a T-shaped portion 118 of which the bottom is connected to the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall 116 . Although not shown, an electric wire is wound around the T-shaped portion 118 , which electric wire is connected to a power source as elucidated below, and each of the electromagnets 117 is connected to a controller configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets 117 .
A cylinder 120 is arranged around the rotating cylinder 115 and the input cylinder 110 . The cylinder 120 has a further hollow cylindrical wall 121 that is connected to the outer circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall 116 two or more set screws 122 . Therefore, the cylinder 120 rotates around the longitudinal axis L when the input cylinder 110 and the rotating cylinder 115 rotate around the longitudinal axis L .
At one end of the further hollow cylindrical wall 121 , i . e . the top end in figure 5, the further hollow cylindrical wall 121 is closed by means of a first end cap 125 through which the input shaft 106 extends . At the other end of the further hollow cylindrical wall 121 , i . e . the lower end in figure 5, the further hollow cylindrical wall 121 is closed by means of a second end cap 126 through which the input shaft 106 extends .
As best shown in figure 5, at the end of the second end cap 126 facing away from the first end cap 125 , the output shaft 107 is connected to the second end cap 126 by means of connecting screws 127 . Upon rotation of the rotating cylinder 115 and, thus , the cylinder 120 , the output shaft 107 also rotates .
Between the first end cap 125 and the first closed end 104 of the housing 102 , a sleeve 130 is provided around the input shaft 106. The sleeve 130 is fixed to the first closed end 104 at the side thereof facing towards the transmission space 103 . At the end of the sleeve 130 that merges into the first closed end 104 , a first bearing 131 is provided within the sleeve 130 and around the input shaft 106 , thereby allowing rotation of the input shaft 106. At the end of the sleeve 130 facing towards the first end cap 125 , a second bearing 132 is provided between the respective end of the sleeve 130 and the first end cap 125, and around the input shaft 106. Furthermore , a third bearing 133 is provided between the first end cap 125 and the end of the input cylinder 110 facing towards the first end cap 125, and around the input shaft 106. A fourth bearing 134 is provided between the second end cap 126 and the end of the input cylinder 110 facing towards the second end cap 126 , and around the input shaft 106.
As shown in figure 5, in order to connect the electromagnets 117 to a power source, a slip ring 140 is provided, which slip ring 140 is arranged between the first end cap 125 and the first closed end 104 and around the sleeve 130 . The slip ring 140 is provided with a wire output 141 for electrically connecting the slip ring 140 to a not shown power source , and with coil wires 142 extending between the slip ring 140 and the electromagnets 117 to provide and/or receive electric energy to and/or from the electromagnets 117 .
Operation of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 100 as shown in figures 4- 6 corresponds to operation of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device 1 as shown in figures 1-3 .
Although not shown, each of electromagnetic rotation transmission devices 1 , 100 may comprises a PID ( Proportional , Integral , Derivative ) controller connected to the electromagnets thereof . The PID controller may be used as follows :
Proportional Control ( P) : This component of the PID controller deals with the present value of the error, which is the difference between the predetermined rotation speed of the output shaft and the current speed . I f the input shaft speed drops and the output shaft slows down, the proportional control will act to increase the output to bring the speed back up to the predetermined rotation speed .
Integral Control ( I ) : The integral part addresses the accumulated error over time . I f there has been a persistent deviation from the setpoint, the integral control works to eliminate it, ensuring long-term stability . This would help compensate for sustained periods of low wind speed, adj usting the parameters of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device to maintain the predetermined rotation speed .
Derivative Control (D) : This part of the controller responds to the rate of change of the error . I f the output shaft rotation speed is changing rapidly, the derivative control helps to dampen this , preventing overshoot and ensuring a smooth approach to the predetermined rotation speed . In the context of wind turbines , this could be useful for dealing with gusts of wind that cause sudden changes in input shaft speed .
It is to be understood that the above description is included to illustrate the operation of the preferred embodiments and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention . From the above discussion, many variations will be apparent to one skilled in the art that would yet be encompassed by the scope of the present invention .

Claims

C L A I M S
1 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device for transmission of a rotational movement, comprising : a cylindrical housing defining a transmission space and having a first closed end and a second closed end; an input cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space ; a rotating cylinder rotatably arranged within the transmission space and around the input cylinder, and having a hollow cylindrical wall ; an input shaft extending through the first closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the input cylinder; and an output shaft extending through the second closed end into the transmission space and operatively connected to the rotating cylinder, wherein N magnets are arranged at one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , wherein M electromagnets are arranged at another one of the outer circumference of the input cylinder and the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and wherein the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a controller operatively connected to the electromagnets of the rotating cylinder and configured for selectively activating the electromagnets to define a magnetic north or south pole .
2 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 1 , wherein N is smaller than or equal to M .
3 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the controller is configured to activate one or more of the electromagnets to define a magnetic north pole or magnetic south pole .
4 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to activate the one or more of the electromagnets groupwise such that a number of adj acent electromagnets have the same magnetic pole , thereby controlling a number of groups of magnetic north poles and magnetic south poles .
5. Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the controller is configured to deactivate one or more of the electromagnets such that one or more of the electromagnets are neutral .
6. Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , comprising a radiofrequency, RE, shield arranged around the rotating cylinder .
7 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 6, wherein the RE shield comprises a cylindrical wall made of a RE shielding material and arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the rotating cylinder .
8 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the rotating cylinder is a first rotating cylinder, and the electromagnetic rotation transmission device comprises a second rotating cylinder arranged around the first rotating cylinder .
9. Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 6 or 7 , and claim 8 , wherein the second rotating cylinder is arranged at and connected to the outer circumference of the RE shield .
10 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the second rotating cylinder comprises a hollow cylindrical wall , and, at the outer circumference thereof , a number of electromagnets operatively connected to the controller, or a number of permanent magnets , and wherein the cylindrical housing comprises a cylindrical wall surrounding the second rotating cylinder, the RF shield, the first rotating cylinder and the input cylinder and comprising, at the inner circumference thereof , a number of electromagnets operatively connected to the controller, or a number of permanent magnets .
11 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 10 , wherein, when a number of electromagnets is arranged at the outer circumference of the second rotating cylinder and a number of electromagnets is arranged at the inner circumference of the cylindrical wall , the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder and the electromagnets at the cylindrical housing are operatively connected to one or more capacitors and/or an energy storage .
12 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 11 , wherein the controller is configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets of the second rotating cylinder .
13 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 11 or claim 12 , wherein the controller is configured for selectively activating one or more of the electromagnets at the cylindrical housing .
14 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , comprising a stabilator that is provided within the transmission housing and arranged around the input shaft .
15. Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 14 , wherein the stabilator comprises a stabilator disc around the input shaft and at the side of the input cylinder facing towards the first closed end of the housing .
16. Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the N magnets are arranged the outer circumference of the input cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , and wherein the M electromagnets are arranged at the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder .
17 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the claims 1 to 15, wherein the N magnets are arranged at the inner circumference of the hollow cylindrical wall of the rotating cylinder, and such that the north and south poles of the magnets are alternating in the circumferential direction thereof , and wherein the M electromagnets are arranged at the outer circumference of the input cylinder .
18 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , comprising a slip ring, preferably arranged within the transmission space, configured for connecting the electromagnets to the controller .
19. Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the controller comprises a PID ( Proportional , Integral , Derivative ) controller configured for operating the electromagnetic rotation transmission device such that the output shaft is rotating at a predetermined rotation speed .
20 . Electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to claim 19 , wherein the PID controller is configured for modifying the strength of the magnetic field excited by the electromagnets .
21 . Power generator system, in particular an AC power generator system, comprising : a power generator having an generator input shaft, and an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the output shaft of the electromagnetic rotation transmission device is operatively connected to the generator input shaft .
22 . ( Smart ) Wind turbine for generating electricity, comprising : a rotor configured to rotate about a rotation axis ; a generator operatively connected to the rotor and configured the rotation of the rotor into electricity; and an electromagnetic rotation transmission device according to any one of the preceding claims , wherein the rotor is operatively connected to the input shaft thereof , and the generator is operatively connected to the output shaft thereof .
23 . Wind turbine according to claim 22 , wherein the wind turbine is a vertical wind turbine .
24 . Wind turbine according to claim 22 or 23 , wherein the wind turbine is a wind turbine with variable swept area .
25. Wind turbine according to claim 24 , comprising two or more arms connected to the rotor, wherein each of the arms has a dynamic length .
-o- o-o-o-o- o-o-o-
BT/HZ
PCT/NL2024/050016 2023-01-13 2024-01-15 Electromagnetic rotation transmission device, and power generator system and (smart) wind turbine with variable swept area and with such electromagnetic rotation transmission device WO2024151165A1 (en)

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WO2009050421A1 (en) * 2007-10-18 2009-04-23 Rolls-Royce Plc A magnetic harmonic gearbox
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