WO2024150194A1 - Use of phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer for treating fungal infection in plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen by applying multiple applications of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

Description

USE OF PHTHALIMIDE FUNGICIDE AND PENETRATION ENHANCER FOR TREATING FUNGAL INFECTION IN PLANTS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/479,680, filed January 12, 2023, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Throughout this application various publications are cited. The disclosures of these documents in their entireties are hereby incorporated by reference into this application in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which this invention pertains.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen by applying multiple applications of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Fungicides are compounds of natural or synthetic origin, which act to protect plants against damage caused by fungi. Current methods of agriculture rely heavily on the use of fungicides. In fact, some plant cannot be grown usefully without the use of fungicides. Using fungicides allows a grower to increase the yield and the quality of the crop, and consequently, increase the value of the crop. In most situations, the increase in value of the crop is worth at least three times the cost of the use of the fungicide.

Controlling fungal diseases using contact fungicide, such as phthalimide fungicide, is very effective in plants such as banana plant and pome fruit plant. Penetration enhancers effect the absorption of fungicides into the plant through the cuticle of the plant, i.e., by increasing the amount of active substance absorbed into the plant. There are various penetration enhancers. For example, oils are known as penetration enhancers and as adjuvants for many systemic fungicides.

There is a need in the art to develop a method for using phthalimide fungicide in the presence of a penetration enhancer to treat a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen by applying multiple applications of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an amount of a phthalimide fungicide and an amount of a penetration enhancer in separate applications with an interval between each application, wherein the method causes a reduction of phototoxic effect to the plant and wherein the amount of the phthalimide fungicide causes significant phototoxic effect to the plant when applied at different interval in the presence of the same amount of the same penetration enhancer.

The present invention provides an article of manufacturing which comprises unit doses of phthalimide fungicide prepared for administration of no more than 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer over a period of 150 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, by applying multiple applications of, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

The Present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the manufacture of a composition in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, by applying multiple applications of, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer in the manufacture of a composition for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, by applying multiple applications of, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days. The present invention provides a use of an amount of a phthalimide fungicide and an amount of a penetration enhancer in separate applications with an interval between each application for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen, wherein the use causes reduced phototoxic effect to the plant and wherein the amount of the phthalimide fungicide causes significant phototoxic effect to the plant when applied at different interval in the presence of the same amount of the same penetration enhancer.

The present invention provides a use of an amount of a phthalimide fungicide in the manufacture of a composition and an amount of a penetration enhancer in separate applications with an interval between each application for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen, wherein the use causes reduced phototoxic effect to the plant and wherein the amount of the phthalimide fungicide causes significant phototoxic effect to the plant when applied at different interval in the presence of the same amount of the same penetration enhancer.

The present invention provides a use of an amount of a phthalimide fungicide and an amount of a penetration enhancer in the manufacture of a composition in separate applications with an interval between each application for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen, wherein the use causes reduced phototoxic effect to the plant and wherein the amount of the phthalimide fungicide causes significant phototoxic effect to the plant when applied at different interval in the presence of the same amount of the same penetration enhancer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

Prior to setting forth the present subject matter in detail, it may be helpful to provide definitions of certain terms to be used herein. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art to which this subject matter pertains.

It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Throughout the application, descriptions of various embodiments use the term “comprising”; however, it will be understood by one of skill in the art, that in some specific instances, an embodiment can alternatively be described using the language “consisting essentially of’ or “consisting of.” As used herein, the term “a” or “an” includes the singular and the plural, unless specifically stated otherwise. Therefore, the terms “a,” “an” or “at least one” can be used interchangeably in this application.

As use here in, the term "about" is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i. e. the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ± 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value. In this regard, use of the term “about” herein specifically includes ±10% from the indicated values in the range. In addition, the endpoints of all ranges directed to the same component or property herein are inclusive of the endpoints, are independently combinable, and include all intermediate points and ranges.

As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as "at least one of," when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

As used herein, the term “treating a plant against fungal pathogen infection” includes, but is not limited to, protecting the plant against fungal attack, preventing fungal infection of the plant, controlling fungal disease infecting the plant, and reducing fungal infection of the plant.

As used herein, the terms “control” or “controlling” or "treating" refers but is not limited to preventing fungal disease, protecting plants from fungal disease, delaying the onset of fungal disease, and combating or killing fungal disease. They also may include the curative and/or eradication action of compounds and compositions on underway fungal diseases. Controlling fungal disease infecting the plant, propagation material of the plant or locus of the plant, controlling a plant disease caused by phytopathogenic fungi (pathogen), controlling fungal attack on the plant or, propagation material of the plant or locus of the plant refers to curative application and/or protectant/preventive application and/or persistence application.

The term "applying" or "application", as used herein, refers but is not limited to applying the compounds and compositions of the invention to the plant, to a site of infestation by fungi, to a potential site of infestation by the fungi, which may require protection from infestation, or the environment around the habitat or potential habitat of the fungi. It also refers to the activity of compounds and compositions on plants and fungal tissues with which they come into contact. The application may be by methods described in the present invention such as by spraying, dipping, etc. The term “growth season”, as used herein, refers but is not limited to the period of the year when crops and other plants grow successfully. The length of a growing season varies from place to place and from plant to plant.

As used herein, the term “protectant application” means an application of one or more fungicide for preventing fungal infection of the plant or locus, wherein the fungicidal combination, mixture or composition is applied before infection/disease occurs, before any disease symptoms are shown or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

As used herein, the term “preventative treatment” or “preventative activity” means an application of one or more pesticide for controlling pest infection of the plant or locus, before an infection or before disease symptoms are shown and/or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions. In some embodiments, the pest is a fungus.

As used herein the term “persistence treatment” or “persistence activity” means an application of one or more pesticide for controlling pest infection of the plant or locus over an extended period of time, before an infection or before fungal disease symptoms are shown and/or when the fungal disease pressure is low. Fungal disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with fungal disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

In particular, when the term “persistence treatment” or “persistence activity” is used in connection with a fungicide, the term means application of one or more fungicide for controlling fungal infection of the plant over an extended period of inoculation, before an infection or before disease symptoms are shown and/or when the disease pressure is low. Disease pressure may be assessed based on the conditions associated with disease development such as spore concentration and certain environmental conditions.

As used herein, the term “effective” when used in connection with any use method or may be but is not limited to in controlling fungal disease, in preventing fungal disease, decrease the amount of the fungicide which is required for effective controlling fungal disease.

As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable carrier" means carriers which are known and accepted in the art for the formation of compositions for agricultural or horticultural use.

As used herein, the term “adjuvant” is broadly defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient but which enhances or is intended to enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide with which it is used. Adjuvants may be understood to include, but are not limited to, spreading agents, penetrants, compatibility agents, and drift retardants. As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable additives" is defined as any substance that itself is not an active ingredient but is added to the composition such as thickening agent, sticking agents, surfactants, anti -oxidation agent, anti -foaming agents and thickeners.

As used herein the term "plant" includes reference to whole plants, plant organs (e.g. leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, limbs, shoots, fruits etc.), plant cells, seedling or plant seeds. This term also encompasses plant crops such as fruits.

As used herein, the term "plants" refers to any and all physical parts of a plant, including but not limited to seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.

The term “plant” may also include the propagation material thereof, which may include all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers, which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. It may also include spores, corms, bulbs, rhizomes, sprouts, basal shoots, stolons, and buds and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination, rooting or after emergence from soil or any other kind of substrate, be it artificial or natural.

As used herein the term "propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and spores, vegetative structures such as bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, roots stems, basal shoots, stolons and buds.

As used herein, the term "cultivated plants" includes plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are plants, which their genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of such a plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.

As used herein, the term "locus" includes not only areas where fungal infection/disease may already be shown, but also areas where fungal infection/disease have yet to show and also area under cultivation.

As used herein, the term "locus" includes a habitat, breeding ground, plant, propagation material, area, material or environment in which a fungal disease is growing or may grow. As used herein the term “ha” refers to hectare.

As used herein, the term “simultaneous” when used in connection with application of phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer means that the phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer are applied in an admixture, for example, a tank mix. For simultaneous application, the combination may be the admixture or separate containers each containing the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer that are combined prior to application. As used herein, the term “contemporaneous” when used in connection with application of application of phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer means that the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer are applied separately or premixture at the same time or at times sufficiently close together.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

The observed phytotoxicity that can occur after the application of phthalimide fungicide in the presence of a penetration enhancer can be reduced by reducing the amount of the phthalimide fungicide and/or increasing the interval between each application of the phthalimide fungicide in a multiple applications treatment.

Multiple applications of a phthalimide fungicide in presence of a penetration enhancer in a banana plant, at a rate of 500-750 g a.i/ha per application over a period of 40 days, wherein the time interval between each application of the multiple applications is least 5 days, are effective for controlling fungal disease and reducing the phytotoxicity level which is associated with application of phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer, compared to the phytotoxicity level when the phthalimide is applied at a rate higher than 750 g/ha and/or the time interval between each application of multiple applications is less than 5 days.

The present invention provides a method for combating diseases caused by at least one fungal pathogen on a plant using at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen by applying multiple applications of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 7,500 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is not over 20 days.

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen by applying multiple applications of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 6,000 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is not over 20 days.

The present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant using at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the manufacture of a composition for use in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for use in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant.

The present invention provides a use of a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days. The present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant with controlling phototoxicity level, using at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide over a period of 100 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant with controlling phototoxicity level, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide over a period of 100 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the manufacture of a composition for use in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant with controlling phototoxicity level, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide over a period of 100 days, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant with controlling phototoxicity level, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide over a period of 100 days, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for use in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant with controlling phototoxicity level.

The present invention provides a use of a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 7 days.

The present invention provides a use of a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the plant with controlling phototoxicity level, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 7 days. The plant/crop is selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.

Fungal pathogen is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis and any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at regular intervals.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at irregular intervals. For example, the interval between first and second application is 5 days, the interval between second and third application is 7 days, the interval between third and fourth application is 10 days etc. The number of days for each interval is specified in the subject application.

In some embodiments, the total amount of phthalimide fungicide applied is no more than i) 7500 g a.i./ha; ii) 6000 g a.i./ha; iii) 5500 g a.i./ha; iv) 5000 g a.i./ha; v) 4500 g a.i./ha; vi) 4000 g a.i./ha; vii) 3500 g a.i./ha; viii) 3000 g a.i./ha; ix) 2500 g a.i./ha; x) 2000 g a.i./ha; xi) 1500 g a.i./ha; xii) 1000 g a.i./ha; xiii) 750 g a.i./ha; or xiv)500 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the period of applying phthalimide fungicide is not over i) 150 days; ii) 140 days; iii) 130 days; iv) 120 days; v) 100 days; vi) 90 days; vii) 80 days; viii) 75 days; ix) 56 days; x) 52 days; xi) 48 days; xii) 44 days; xiii) 40 days; xiv)36 days; or xv) 32 days.

In some embodiments, the number of applications of phthalimide fungicide is at least i) 2 times; ii) 3 times; iii) 4 times; iv) 5 times; v) 6 times; vi) 7 times; vii) 8 times; viii) 9 times; ix) 10 times; x) 11 times; xi) 12 times; xii) 13 times; xiii) 14 times; or xiv)15 times. In some embodiments, the interval between each application is at least i) 1 day; ii) 2 days; iii) 3 days; iv) 4 days; v) 5 days; vi) 6 days; vii) 7 days; viii) 8 days; ix) 9 days; x) 10 days; xi) 11 days; xii) 12 days; xiii) 13 days; xiv) 14 days; xv) 15 days; xvi) 16 days; xvii) 17 days; xviii) 18 days; xix) 19 days; or xx) 20 days.

In some embodiments, a single application of phthalimide fungicide is no more than i) 1000 g a.i./ha; ii) 800 g a.i./ha; iii) 700 g a.i./ha; iv) 600 g a.i./ha; v) 500 g a.i./ha; vi) 400 g a.i./ha; or vii) 300 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is folpet, captan, captafol, ditalimfos, flumiclorac, difolatan or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is folpet. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is captafol.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is oil-based.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is mineral oil, alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, oil of animal origin or oil of vegetable origin.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is oil of vegetable origin, wherein the oil of vegetable origin is vegetable oil, coconut oil, com oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, almond oil, cashew oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, pecan oil, pistachio oil, walnut oil, acai oil, blackcurrant seed oil, borage seed oil, or evening primrose oil.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is oil of animal origin, wherein the animal is chicken, cow, pig, bear, herring, salmon, sardine, or lamb.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is mineral oil (SK oil), wherein the mineral oil is either mineral oil from petrochemicals, or mineral synthetic oil.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, wherein the alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids is methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate).

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is mineral oil (SK oil).

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is non-oil-based.

In some embodiments, the application of phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer comprises i) one phthalimide fungicide with one penetration enhancer; ii) one phthalimide fungicide with two penetration enhancers; iii) one phthalimide fungicide with three penetration enhancers; iv) two phthalimide fungicides with one penetration enhancer; v) two phthalimide fungicides with two penetration enhancers; vi) two phthalimide fungicides with three penetration enhancers; vii) three phthalimide fungicides with one penetration enhancer; viii) three phthalimide fungicides with two penetration enhancers; or ix) three phthalimide fungicides with three penetration enhancers.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, additional fungicides is applied with phthalimide fungicides.

In some embodiments, an agriculturally acceptable additive is applied with phthalimide fungicides.

In some embodiments, the agriculturally acceptable additive is emulsifier, thickening agent, sticking agents, surfactants, anti -oxidation agent, anti -foaming agents or thickeners.

In some embodiments, the concentration of penetration enhancer, or the concentration of penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is i) 1 L/ha; ii) 1.5 L/ha; iii) 2 L/ha; iv) 2.5 L/ha; v) 3 L/ha; vi) 3.5 L/ha; vii) 4 L/ha; viii) 4.5 L/ha; ix) 5 L/ha; x) 5.5 L/ha; xi) 6 L/ha; xii) 6.5 L/ha; xiii) 7 L/ha; xiv) 7.5 L/ha; xv) 8 L/ha; xvi) 8.5 L/ha; xvii) 9 L/ha; xviii) 9.5 L/ha; xix) 10 L/ha; xx) 10.5 L/ha; xxi) 11 L/ha; xxii) 11.5 L/ha; xxiii) 12 L/ha; xxiv) 12.5 L/ha; xxv) 13 L/ha; xxvi) 13.5 L/ha; xxvii) 14 L/ha; xxviii) 14.5 L/ha; xxix) 15 L/ha; xxx) 15.5 L/ha; xxxi) 16 L/ha; xxxii) 16.5 L/ha; xxxiii) 17 L/ha; xxxiv) 17.5 L/ha; xxxv) 18 L/ha; xxxvi) 18.5 L/ha; xxxvii) 19 L/ha; xxxviii) 19.5 L/ha; or xxxix) 20 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1 : 100.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1:50.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1:20.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1: 15.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1:5.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1: 1.

In some embodiments, the plant is a pome fruit plant. In some embodiments, the plant is selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, or any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the plant is an apple plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is a banana plant.

In some embodiments, folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 4000 g a.i./ha is applied during the period over 40 days.

In some embodiments, folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 2000 g a.i./ha is applied during the period over 40 days.

In some embodiments, folpet and SK oil is applied at least 6 times, preferably 5 times, more preferably 4 times.

In some embodiments, presence of penetration enhancer refers to simultaneous application of the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, presence of penetration enhancer refers to contemporaneous application of the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, presence of penetration enhancer refers to successive application of the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is formulated with the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is formulated with additional fungicide.

In some embodiments, wherein the plant is a pear plant.

In some embodiments, folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 3000 g a.i./ha is applied during the period over 42 days.

In some embodiments, folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 1500 g a.i./ha is applied during the period over 42 days.

In some embodiments, folpet and SK oil is applied at least 6 times, preferably 5 times, more preferably 4 times, more preferably 3 times.

The present invention provides a method of treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an amount of a phthalimide fungicide in separate applications with an interval between each application, wherein the method causes reduced phototoxic effect to the plant and wherein the amount of the phthalimide fungicide causes significant phototoxic effect to the plant when applied at different interval.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 6,000 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied during a period, wherein the period is not over 60 days.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 6,000 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied during a period, wherein the period is not over 60 days.

The present invention provides a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 6,000 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied during a period, wherein the period is not over 60 days.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 500-750 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 750-1000 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the plant is a banana plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is an apple plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is a pear plant.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a plant, and the method comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of at least one phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 5 days. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a plant, and the use comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of at least one phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, and the use comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of at least one phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition for use on a plant, and the use comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of at least one phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a pome fruit, and the method comprises: (i) applying an amount of a first application of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a pome fruit, and the use comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on a pome fruit, and the use comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of at least one phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto a banana plant.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at a regular time interval of a predetermined minimum number of days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is one time.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto a pome fruit plant.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at regular time interval of a minimum predetermined number of days onto a pome fruit plant.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is oil.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil to a banana plant, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500-750 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil for treating a banana plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the banana plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500-750 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the manufacture of a composition for use in presence of oil for treating a banana plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the banana plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500-750 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil for the manufacture of a composition in treating a banana plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the banana plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500-750 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil for use in treating a banana plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the banana plant.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil on pome fruits, the method comprising multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 750-1000 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil for treating a pome fruits plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the pome fruits plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 750-1000 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the manufacture of a composition for use in presence of oil for treating a pome fruits plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the pome fruits plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 750-1000 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil for the manufacture of a composition in treating a pome fruits plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the pome fruits plant, and the use comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 750-1000 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil for use in treating a pome fruits plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on the pome fruits plant.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a plant with at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a plant with at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a banana plant with at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a banana plant with folpet in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by Pseudocercospora musae in a banana plant with folpet in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis (preferred name Pseudocercospora fijiensis) in a banana plant with folpet in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by Venturia inaequalis in an apple plant with folpet in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by Pseudocercospora musae in a banana plant with captan in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis (preferred name Pseudocercospora fijiensis) in a banana plant with captan in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by Venturia inaequalis in an apple plant with captan in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a pome fruit plant, such as apple and pear, with at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a pome fruit plant, such as apple and pear, with at least folpet in presence of oil.

The present invention provides a method for controlling a disease caused by at least one fungal pathogen in a pome fruit plant, such as apple and pear, with at least captan in presence of oil.

In some embodiments, the treating of a plant against infection comprises combating disease caused by a fungal pathogen on the plant.

In some embodiments, one phthalimide fungicide is applied with one penetration enhancer on a plant.

In some embodiments, one phthalimide fungicide is applied with two penetration enhancers on a plant.

In some embodiments, one phthalimide fungicide is applied with three penetration enhancers on a plant.

In some embodiments, two phthalimide fungicides are applied with one penetration enhancer on a plant.

In some embodiments, two phthalimide fungicides are applied with two penetration enhancers on a plant.

In some embodiments, two phthalimide fungicides are applied with three penetration enhancers on a plant.

In some embodiments, three phthalimide fungicide are applied with one penetration enhancer on a plant.

In some embodiments, three phthalimide fungicides are applied with two penetration enhancers on a plant.

In some embodiments, three phthalimide fungicides are applied with three penetration enhancers on a plant.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 1 day. In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 2 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 3 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 4 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 6 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 8 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 9 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 10 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 11 day.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 12 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 13 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 14 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 15 days. In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 16 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 17 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 18 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 19 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application of the multiple applications is at least 20 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least one time.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least two times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least three times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least four times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least five times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least six times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least seven times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least eight times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least nine times. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least ten times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least eleven times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least twelve times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least thirteen times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least fourteen times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at least fifteen times.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 1-50 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 50-100 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 100-150 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 150-200 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 200-250 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 50-250 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 250-300 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 300-350 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 350-400 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 400-450 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 450-500 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 250-500 g a.i./ha. In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 500-550 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 550-600 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 600-650 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 650-700 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 700-750 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 700-750 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 750-800 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 800-850 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 850-900 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 900-950 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application is between 950-1000 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is applied in the present of an emulsifier.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 0.5-lL/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between l-1.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 1.5-2L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 2-2.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 2.5-3L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 3-3.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 3.5-4L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 4-4.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 4.5-5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 5-5.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 5.5-6L/ha. In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 6-6.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 6.5-7L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 7-7.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 7.5-8L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 8-8.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 8.5-9L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 9-9.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 9.5-10L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 10-10.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 10.5-1 IL/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 11-11 ,5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 11 ,5-12L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 12.5-13L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 13-13.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 13.5-14L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 14-14.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 14.5-15L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 15-15.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 15.5-16L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 16-16.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 16.5-17L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 17-17.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 17.5-18L/ha. In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 18-18.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 18.5-19L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 19-19.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the penetration enhancer is between 19.5-20L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 0.5-lL/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between l-1.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 1.5-2L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 2-2.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 2.5-3L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 3-3.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 3.5-4L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 4-4.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 4.5-5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 5-5.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 5.5-6L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 6-6.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 6.5-7L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 7-7.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 7.5-8L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 8-8.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 8.5-9L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 9-9.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 9.5-10L/ha. In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 10-10.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 10.5-1 IL/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 11-11 ,5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 11.5-12L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 12.5-13L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 13-13.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 13.5-14L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 14-14.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 14.5-15L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 15-15.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 15.5-16L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 16-16.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 16.5-17L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 17-17.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 17.5-18L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 18-18.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 18.5-19L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 19-19.5L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for the emulsifier is between 19.5-20L/ha.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide, the penetration enhancer, the emulsifier, further comprises additional fungicide and agriculturally acceptable carrier is applied to the plant within a single application.

In some embodiments, the plant infected with fungal pathogen is a pome fruit plant. In some embodiments, the pom fruit is apple, pear, nashi and quince.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant one time.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant two times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant three times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant four times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant five times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant six times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant seven times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant eight times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant nine times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the banana plant ten times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto the pear plant.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant one time.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant two times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant three times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant four times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant five times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant six times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant seven times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant eight times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant nine times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is sprayed onto the pear plant ten times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is two times. In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is three times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is four times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is five times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is six times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is seven times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is eight times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is night times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is ten times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined number of times is fifteen times.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is one day.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is two days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is three days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is four days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is five days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is six days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is seven days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is eight days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is nine days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is ten days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is ten days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is eleven days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is twelve days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is thirteen days. In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is fourteen days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is fifteen days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is sixteen days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is seventeen days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is eighteen days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is nineteen days.

In some embodiments, the predetermined minimum number of days is twenty days.

All of the embodiments can be combined. For example, each individual recitation of application rate of phthalimide fungicide can be combined with each individual recitation of application rate of penetration enhancer, and can be further combined with any number of applications, and can be further combined with number of days between each application of the multiple applications, and can be further combined with each total period of the application, to achieve the maximum total amount of phthalimide fungicide specified in the subject application.

For example, “no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 day” can mean 10 applications with 1,125 g a.i./ha per application, at a regular time interval of 15 days, resulting a total period of 150 days, or it can mean 10 applications with 1,125 g a.i./ha per application, at a regular time interval of 10 days, resulting a total period of 100 days, or it can mean 20 applications with 562.5 g a.i/ha per application, at a regular time interval of 10 days, resulting a total period of 100 days, etc.

In some embodiments, the time interval is not a regular time interval. For example, the time interval between each application will be different, e.g. the time interval between first and second application is 10 days, and the time interval between second and third application is 7 days etc.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is oil based.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is non-oil based.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is selected from the group consisting of oil, sulphoxide, azone, pyrrolidone, alcohol and alkanol, glycol, surfactant and terpene.

In some embodiments, the sulphoxide is dimethylsulphoxide. In some embodiments, the azone is laurocapram.

In some embodiments, the pyrrolidone is 2-pyrrolidone.

In some embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol.

In some embodiments, the alkanol is decanol.

In some embodiments, the glycol is propylene glycol.

Methods

The present invention provides a method for combating diseases caused by fungal pathogen on sensitive plant using at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

The present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on a plant using at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

The plant/crop is selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, and any combination thereof.

Fungal pathogen is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the interval between each application is at least 8 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application is at least 10 days.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application in banana is between of 500-750 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application in pome fruit is between of 750-1000 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the plant is a banana plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is an apple plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is a pear plant.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen by application of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a plant, and the method comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first dose application of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha,

(ii) determining whether any additional applications of the phthalimide are required; and

(iii) if required, applying the additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen by application of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a pome fruit, and the method comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of a phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha,

(ii) determining whether any additional applications of the phthalimide are required; and

(iii) if required, applying the additional applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto the banana plants.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at regular time interval of a predetermined minimum number of days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto the pome fruit plants.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at regular time interval of a minimum predetermined number of days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil in a banana plant, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500-750 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for applying phthalimide fungicide in presence of oil in a pome fruit plant, and the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 750-1000 g a.i/ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

The present invention provides a method for application of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a sensitive plant, and the method comprises application of phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500 to 1000 g a.i./ha.

The present invention provides a method for application of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a sensitive plant, and the method comprises multiply- applications of phthalimide fungicide, wherein the application rate is between about 500 to 1000 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the sensitive plant is a plant which a level of phytotoxicity is observed when the phthalimide fungicide is applied in presence of the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, presence of penetration enhancer refers to simultaneous application of the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, presence of penetration enhancer refers to contemporaneous application of the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, presence of penetration enhancer refers to successive application of the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is formulated with additional fungicide.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is used as an external adjuvant which applied as a tank mix.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is presence in the method by adding additional fungicide which contains the penetration enhance.

In some embodiments, when phthalimide is applied more than one time, the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 7 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications can be different.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications can be different.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 11 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 12 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 13 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 14 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 15 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 15 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 15 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 15 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 15 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth application should be applied at least 15 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 16 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 17 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 10 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 18 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 18 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 18 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 18 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 18 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 19 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 3-6 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 6-9 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 9-12 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 12-15 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 15-18 days.

In some embodiments, if the number of applications is more than three times, the fourth and the following applications (if required) should be applied at least 20 days from the third application, and the interval between each of the following applications should be at least 18-21 days.

The present invention provides a method for application of folpet in presence of SK OIL on a plant, and the method comprises multiple applications of folpet, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the interval between each application is at least 10 days. In some embodiments, the application rate for each application in a banana plant is between of 500-750 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate for each application in a pome fruit plant is between of 750- 1000 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the plant is a banana plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is an apple plant.

In some embodiments, the plant is a pear plant.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen by application of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a plant, and the method comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first dose of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha,

(ii) determining whether any additional doses of the phthalimide are required; and

(iii) if required, applying the additional doses of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g/ha, wherein the interval between each additional dose is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the observed phytotoxic effect when phthalimide fungicide in presence of penetration enhancer is applied by multiple applications with an interval of at least 5 days between each application, is reduced compared to the phytotoxic effect level for using phthalimide fungicide which is applied in the same amount in presence of same amount and type of penetration enhancer but with time interval of less than 5 days.

In some embodiments, the reduction of the phytotoxic level is by at least 5%, 10%, 25%, 35% or 50%.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto the banana plants.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at regular interval of a predetermined number of days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is repeatedly sprayed onto the pome fruits plants.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly sprayed a predetermined number of times at regular interval of a predetermined number of days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for application of at least one phthalimide in presence of oil in a banana plant, the method comprising multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for application of at least one phthalimide in presence of oil in a pome fruit plant, the method comprising multiple applications of phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied two to ten times per growth season and the interval between each application is between 8-14 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied two times with an interval of 5 -14 days.

The present invention provides a method of applying at least one phthalimide in presence of mineral oil in a banana plant, and the method comprises at least two applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein (1) each application is applied at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha and (2) the interval between each application is at least 5 days

The present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen by applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of mineral oil in a banana plant, and the method comprises two to ten applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein (1) each application is applied at a rate of about 500-750 g a.i./ha and (2) the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the time interval between the third application and the following applications is at least 10 days.

In some embodiments, the time interval between each application is no more than 14 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied three times during 30 days, wherein the interval between each application is 5-10 days.

The present invention provides a method for treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen by applying at least one phthalimide in presence of mineral oil in a pome fruit plant, and the method comprises at least two applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein (1) each application has an application rate of 750-1000 g a.i./ha and (2) the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

The present invention provides a method for reducing phytotoxic effect associated with application of at least one phthalimide fungicide application in presence of at least one penetration enhancer in a banana plant, and the method comprises applying the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha.

In some embodiments, the method includes additional applications of phthalimide fungicide during the growth season, wherein the time interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the amount of penetration enhancer in each application is from 0.5 to 10 liters per hectare.

In some embodiments, the amount of penetration enhancer in each application is from 3 to 8 liters per hectare.

In some embodiments, the amount of penetration enhancer in each application is from 5 to 8 liters per hectare.

In some embodiments, the amount of the oil in each application is from 2 to 10 liters per hectare.

In some embodiments, the amount of the oil in each application is from 3 to 8 liters per hectare.

In some embodiments, the amount of the oil in each application is from 5 to 8 liters per hectare.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the penetration enhancer is from 1: 1 to 1:20.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the penetration enhancer is from 1:0.01 to 1: 1.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the penetration enhancer is 1:6.66.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the penetration enhancer is 1:8.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the penetration enhancer is 1: 10.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 500 g a.i./ha and the application rate of penetration enhancer is 5 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 500 g a.i./ha and the application rate of penetration enhancer is 8 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 750 g a.i./ha and the application rate of penetration enhancer is 5 L/ha. In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 750 g a.i./ha and the application rate of penetration enhancer is 8 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the oil is from 1 : 1 to 1:20.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the oil is from 1:0.01 to 1: 1.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the oil is 1:6.66.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the oil is 1:8.

In some embodiments, the weight ratio or volume ratio between the phthalimide and the oil is 1: 10.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 500 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil is 5 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 500 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil and emulsifier is 5 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 500 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil is 8 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 500 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil and emulsifier is 8 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 750 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil is 5 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 750 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil and emulsifier is 5 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 750 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil is 8 L/ha.

In some embodiments, the application rate of the phthalimide is 750 g a.i./ha and the application rate of oil and emulsifier is 8 L/ha.

In some embodiment, multiple applications refer to application of the phthalimide fungicide more than 2 times over an interval of time. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied more than 2 times but less than 20 times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied more than 3 times but less than 16 times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied in a range from 1 to 15 times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied in a range from 3 to 10 times.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied with an interval between applications from 5 to 15 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied with an interval between applications from 5 to 10 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 6 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 8 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 9 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 10 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 11 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 12 days. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 13 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 14 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 15 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 16 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 17 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 18 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 19 days.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 20 days.

In an embodiment, the phthalimide fungicide and oil may be repeatedly applied with an interval between applications from 5 to 15 days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide and oil may be repeatedly applied with an interval between applications from 5 to 10 days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide and oil may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide and oil may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 6 days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide and oil fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide and oil may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 8 days. In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide and oil may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 9 days.

In some embodiments, phthalimide fungicide may be repeatedly applied at regular interval of at least 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a banana plant against fungal pathogen infection comprising applying an amount of at least one phthalimide fungicide in combination with at least one additional fungicide in presence of penetration enhancer to the banana plant, so as to thereby treat the banana plant against the fungal pathogen infection, wherein (i) the method comprises application of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 500 to 750 g a.i./ha or (ii) the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate between about 500 to 750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of treating a pome fruit plant against at least one fungal pathogen infection comprising applying an amount of at least one phthalimide fungicide in combination with additional fungicide in presence of penetration enhancer to the pome fruit plant, so as to thereby treat the pome fruit plant against the fungal pathogen infection, wherein (ii) the method comprises application of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate of about 750 to 1000 g a.i./ha or (ii) the method comprises multiple applications of the phthalimide fungicide at a rate between about 750 to 1000 g a.i./ha , wherein the interval between each application is at least 7 days.

In some embodiments, when the phthalimide is applied more than one times, the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, when the phthalimide is applied more than one application, the interval between each application is at least 5 days.

In some embodiments, the fungal infection is caused by a fungal pathogen.

In some embodiments, the amount of phthalimide fungicide applied with at least one penetration enhancer is less than the amount of the phthalimide fungicide applied in absence of a penetration enhancer.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied in presence of additional systemic fungicide.

In some embodiments, the number of applications is determined based on the expected disease severity of fungal infection on the plant. In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied at least one time during a growth season.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied two or more times during a growth season.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied as a foliar application.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to the foliage, the fruit and the stem of the plant.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is applied to plant leaves and fruits.

The present invention provides a use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen on a plant, wherein the use comprises (1) an application rate of 500-750 g a.i./ha for phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer and (2) if multiple applications is required, the interval between each application is at least 5 days for reducing phytotoxicity.

The effective application number of the phthalimide fungicide cannot generally be defined, as it varies depending upon various conditions such as the type of the formulation, weather conditions, the type of crop and the type of fungal disease.

Penetration enhancer

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is oil.

In some embodiments, the oil is mineral oil.

In other embodiments, the oil is plant oil.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer includes, and is not limited to ester of fatty acid and sugar-based surfactant.

In some embodiments, ester of fatty acid is vegetable oil and derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, vegetable oil and derivatives thereof include and is not limited to polyalkylene oxide derivative of vegetable oil.

In some embodiments, the polyalkylene oxide derivative of vegetable oil is coconut fatty acid ester of polyglycerol ether.

In some embodiments, the sugar-based surfactant is sorbitan and derivatives thereof.

In some embodiments, the derivative of sorbitan is polyethylene oxide derivative and fatty acid ester. In some embodiments, the sorbitan is di or tri fatty acid ester.

In some embodiments, the derivative of sorbitan is polyethylene oxide derivative comprising 20 to 80 groups of ethylene oxide.

In some embodiments, the derivative of sorbitan is Tween® 80.

In some embodiments, the oil comprises mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow.

In some embodiments, the oil comprises alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of C12-C18 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate, respectively).

In some embodiments, oil comprises an animal origin oil, or modified oils of animal origin.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is organic solvents.

In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is also function as a carrier and/or surfactant in the composition.

Phthalimide fungicides

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is selected from the group consisting of captan, folpet, captafol, and any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is folpet.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is captafol.

Specific Fungal Pathogens or Crops

In some embodiments, the crop is banana.

In some embodiments, the crop is apple.

In some embodiments, the crop is pear.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Colletotrichum sp..

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pseudocercospora musae.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Mycosphaerella fijiensis.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Fusarium sp.

In some embodiments, the fungal disease is Sigatoka disease.

In some embodiments, the sigatoka disease is Yellow Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella musicola.

In some embodiments, the Sigatoka disease is Black Sigatoka caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pseudocercospora musae.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora musae.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Pseudocercospora fijiensis.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Cercospora fijiensis.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Paracercospora fijiensis.

In some embodiments, the disease caused by the fungal pathogen is Sigatoka leaf spot.

In some embodiments, the disease caused by the fungal pathogen is black leaf streak disease.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia inaequalis.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Venturia pirina.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Stemphylium vesicarum.

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria sp..

In some embodiments, the fungal pathogen is Altemaria mali.

Preferred Combinations of number of applications, Fungal Diseases, Crops and Application Rates and time interval

In some embodiments, the present invention provides multiple applications of folpet and/or captan with/without a penetration enhancer to a crop, wherein the type of crops, the application rate of folpet and/or captan, the number of applications and time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides multiple applications of folpet with/without a penetration enhancer to a crop, wherein the type of crop, the rate of application of folpet, the number of applications and time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides multiple applications of captan with/without a penetration enhancer to a crop, wherein the type of crop, the rate of application of captan, the number of applications and the time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the type of crop, the fungal pathogen and the application rate of phthalimide fungicide is any one of the combinations of crop, fungal pathogen (I) and the application rate or preferred application rate listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the type of crop, the fungal pathogen, the disease, and the application rate of phthalimide fungicide is any one of the combinations of crop, fungal pathogen (I), disease, and the application rate or preferred application rate listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, crop, fungal pathogen, disease, and the application rate is any one of the combinations of crop, fungal pathogen (I), disease, and the application rate or preferred application rate listed in Table A, and the phthalimide fungicide is folpet.

In some embodiments, crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, and the application rate is any one of the combinations of crop (A), fungal pathogen (I), disease, and the application rate or preferred application rate listed in Table A, and the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

In some embodiments, crop, fungal pathogen, disease, the application rate and number of applications is any one of the combinations of crop, fungal pathogen, disease, the application rate or preferred application rate, and number of applications listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, crop, the application rate and number of applications and time interval between the application is any one of the combinations of crop, the application rate and number of applications and time interval between the application listed in Table A, and the phthalimide fungicide is folpet.

In some embodiments, crop, the application rate and number of applications and time interval between the application is any one of the combinations of crop, the application rate and number of applications and time interval between the application listed in Table A, and the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying a phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer at an application rate, and the method comprises multiple applications of the folpet, wherein the type of crop, the type of fungal pathogen, the type of disease, the application rate, the number of applications and the time interval between each application are listed in Table A. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet in presence of at least one penetration enhancer at an application rate, and the method comprises multiple applications of the folpet, wherein the type of crop, the type of fungal pathogen, the type of disease, the application rate, the number of applications and the time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet in presence of oil at an application rate, and the method comprises multiple applications of the folpet, wherein the type of crop, the type of fungal pathogen, the type of disease, the application rate, the number of applications and the time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying captan in presence of at least one penetration enhancer at an application rate, and the method comprises multiple applications of the captan, wherein the type of crop, the type of fungal pathogen, the type of disease, the application rate, the number of applications and the time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying captan in presence of oil at an application rate, and the method comprises multiple applications of the captan, wherein the type of crop, the type of fungal pathogen, the type of disease, the application rate, the number of applications and the time interval between each application are listed in Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 8L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 8L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 7.5L/ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at lOL/ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 15L/ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 7.5L/ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at lOL/ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 15L/ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a crop against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 8L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 5 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 5L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and SK oil with an emulsifier at 8L/ha, and the method comprises eight applications of the folpet and SK oil with an emulsifier, wherein the interval between each application is 10 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days. In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 7.5L/ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at lOL/ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 15L/ha, and the method comprises six applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 7 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen with controlling phototoxicity level, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 7.5L/ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen without causing phototoxicity, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at lOL/ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a pear plant against a disease caused by a fungal pathogen without causing phototoxicity, by applying folpet at 500 g a.i./ha and oil at 15L/ha, and the method comprises three applications of the folpet and oil, wherein the interval between each application is 14 days. Table A.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating an apple plant against apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis, by applying a phthalimide fungicide at 750 - 1250 g a.i./ha, preferably at 750 - 1000 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises 1-8 applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is 5-14 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against yellow sigatoka caused by Pseudocercospora musae, by applying a phthalimide fungicide at 500 - 1000 g a.i./ha, preferably at 500 - 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises 1-15 applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is 5-21 days.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for treating a banana plant against black sigatoka caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, by applying a phthalimide fungicide at 500 - 1000 g a.i./ha, preferably at 500 - 750 g a.i./ha, and the method comprises 1-15 applications of the phthalimide fungicide, wherein the interval between each application is 5-21 days.

In some embodiments, combating disease in a crop against fungal infection comprises inhibiting fungal spores germination.

In some embodiments, the phthalimide fungicide is formulated with the penetration enhancer. In some embodiments, the penetration enhancer is formulated with additional fungicide.

In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

The phthalimide fungicide may be employed or prepared in any conventional form, for example, as wettable powders (WP), emulsion concentrates (EC), microemulsion concentrates (MEC), water- soluble powders (SP), water-soluble concentrates (SL), suspoemulsion (SE), oil dispersions (OD), concentrated emulsions (BW) such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, capsule suspensions (CS), suspension concentrates (SC), suspension concentrates, dusts (DP), oil-miscible solutions (OL), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed heterogeneous formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed heterogeneous formulation CS and EW (ZW), seed-dressing products, granules (GR) in the form of microgranules, spray granules, coated granules and absorption granules, granules for soil application or broadcasting, water-soluble granules (SG), water-dispersible granules (WDG), ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes. These individual formulation types are known in the art.

In some embodiments, the amount of the phthalimide fiingicide(s) in the composition is from about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5% to about 90%, 93%, 95%, 98%, 99% based on the total weight of the composition.

In some embodiments, the amount of the phthalimide fiingicide(s) in the composition is from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

Such compositions may be produced in conventional manner, e.g. by mixing the active ingredients with appropriate adjuvants (diluents or solvents and optionally other formulating ingredients such as surfactants).

Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water. To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the components of the compositions either as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier. Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates comprising active component, wetting agent, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if desired, a solvent or oil, which are suitable for dilution with water.

Concentrate forms of compositions generally are diluted before application.

The present method or use may include additional crop protection agents, for example insecticides, herbicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides, growth regulators, biological agents, fertilizers, or mixtures thereof.

Each embodiment disclosed herein is contemplated as being applicable to each of the other disclosed embodiments. Thus, all combinations of the various elements described herein are within the scope of the invention. In addition, the elements recited in the composition embodiments can be used in the method and use embodiments described herein and vice versa.

The present invention is illustrated and further described in more detail with reference to the following non-limiting examples. The following examples illustrate the practice of the present subject matter in some of its embodiments but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present subject matter. Other embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and examples. It is intended that the specification, including the examples, is considered exemplary only without limiting the scope and spirit of the present subject matter.

All combinations of the various elements disclosed herein are within the scope of the invention.

As used herein, all headings are simply for organization and are not intended to limit the disclosure in any manner. The content of any individual section may be equally applicable to all sections. All combinations of the various elements disclosed herein are within the scope of the invention.

Additional objects, advantages, and novel features of the present invention will become apparent to one ordinarily skilled in the art upon examination of the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting. Additionally, each of the various embodiments and aspects of the present invention as delineated hereinabove and as claimed in the claims section below finds experimental support in the following examples.

It is appreciated that certain features of the invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination or as suitable in any other described embodiment of the invention. Certain features described in the context of various embodiments are not to be considered essential features of those embodiments, unless the embodiment is inoperative without those elements.

This invention will be better understood by reference to the Examples which follow, but those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific experiments detailed are only illustrative of the invention as described more fully in the claims which follow thereafter.

EXAMPLE 1

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the selectivity of the phthalimide (folpet) in a banana plant in combination with oil. The experiment was conducted by applying compositions of folpet (folpet 500 SC) and mineral oil (SK oil). The compositions were diluted with water.

The trial of Folpet 500 SC crop safety was conducted in New Visayas, Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte with 11 treatments at a spray volume to 50L/ha. Application was done using calibrated knapsack sprayer at about 6:00 to 7:00 o ’clock in the morning with wind velocity of approximately 3 to 5 kph at a given spray interval. Assessment of the disease was done before application and every seven (7) days interval.

Phytotoxicity

Table 2 presents the phytotoxicity results of Folpet 500SC after three (3) applications.

EXAMPLE 2

An experiment is conducted to evaluate the selectivity of the phthalimide (folpet) in pear in combination with oil.

The experiment is conducted by applying compositions of folpet (folpet 500 SC) and mineral oil. The compositions are diluted with water.

Claims (60)

What is claimed:

1. A method of treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen by applying multiple applications of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein no more than a total amount of 6,000 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

3. The method of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at a regular interval.

4. The method of claims 1-2, wherein the phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied at irregular intervals.

5. The method of claims 1-4, wherein the phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied to the fruit, foliage, or stem of the plant.

6. The method of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the total amount of phthalimide fungicide is applied no more than i) 7500 g a.i./ha; ii) 6000 g a.i./ha; iii) 5500 g a.i./ha; iv) 5000 g a.i./ha; v) 4500 g a.i./ha; vi) 4000 g a.i./ha; vii) 3500 g a.i./ha; viii) 3000 g a.i./ha; ix) 2500 g a.i./ha; x) 2000 g a.i./ha; xi) 1500 g a.i./ha; xii) 1000 g a.i./ha; xiii) 750 g a.i./ha; or xiv)500 g a.i./ha;

7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the period of application is not over i) 80 days; ii) 75 days; iii) 56 days; iv) 52 days; v) 48 days; vi) 44 days; vii) 40 days; viii) 36 days; or ix) 32 days.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the number of applications is at least i) 2 times; ii) 3 times; iii) 4 times; iv) 5 times; v) 6 times; vi) 7 times; vii) 8 times; viii) 9 times; ix) 10 times; x) 11 times; xi) 12 times; xii) 13 times; xiii) 14 times; or xiv) 15 times.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the interval between each application is at least i) 1 day; ii) 2 days; iii) 3 days; iv) 4 days; v) 5 days; vi) 6 days; vii) 7 days; viii) 8 days; ix) 9 days; x) 10 days; xi) 11 days; xii) 12 days; xiii) 13 days; xiv) 14 days; xv) 15 days; xvi) 16 days; xvii) 17 days; xviii) 18 days; xix) 19 days; or xx) 20 days.

10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein a single application of phthalimide fungicide is no more than i) 1000 g a.i./ha; ii) 800 g a.i./ha; iii) 700 g a.i./ha; iv) 600 g a.i./ha; v) 500 g a.i./ha; vi) 400 g a.i./ha; or vii) 300 g a.i./ha.

11. The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is folpet, captan, captafol, ditalimfos, flumiclorac, difolatan or any combination thereof.

12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is folpet.

13. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is captan.

14. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is captafol.

15. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the penetration enhancer is oil-based.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the penetration enhancer is mineral oil, alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, oil of animal origin or oil of vegetable origin.

17. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the penetration enhancer is oil of vegetable origin, wherein the oil of vegetable origin is vegetable oil, coconut oil, com oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, almond oil, cashew oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, pecan oil, pistachio oil, walnut oil, acai oil, blackcurrant seed oil, borage seed oil, or evening primrose oil.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the penetration enhancer is oil of animal origin, wherein the animal is chicken, cow, pig, bear, herring, salmon, sardine, or lamb.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the penetration enhancer is mineral oil (SK oil), wherein the mineral oil is either mineral oil from petrochemicals, or mineral synthetic oil.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the penetration enhancer is alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids, wherein the alkyl esters of C8-C22 fatty acids is methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (methyl laurate, methyl palmitate and methyl oleate).

21. The method of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the penetration enhancer is mineral oil.

22. The method of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the penetration enhancer is non-oil-based.

23. The method of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the method comprises applying x) one phthalimide fungicide with one penetration enhancer; xi) one phthalimide fungicide with two penetration enhancers; xii) one phthalimide fungicide with three penetration enhancers; xiii) two phthalimide fungicides with one penetration enhancer; xiv) two phthalimide fungicides with two penetration enhancers; xv) two phthalimide fungicides with three penetration enhancers; xvi) three phthalimide fungicides with one penetration enhancer; xvii) three phthalimide fungicides with two penetration enhancers; or xviii) three phthalimide fungicides with three penetration enhancers.

24. The method of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the fungal pathogen is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Hehninthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis or any combination thereof.

25. The method of any one of claims 1-24, wherein additional fungicides are being applied in one or more applications of phthalimide fungicide.

26. The method of any one of claims 1-24, wherein an agriculturally acceptable additive is being applied in one or more applications of phthalimide fungicide.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the agriculturally acceptable additive is emulsifier, thickening agent, sticking agents, surfactants, anti -oxidation agent, anti -foaming agents or thickeners.

28. The method of any one of claims 1-27, wherein the concentration of penetration enhancer, or the concentration of penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is i) 1 L/ha; ii) 1.5 L/ha; iii) 2 L/ha; iv) 2.5 L/ha; v) 3 L/ha; vi) 3.5 L/ha; vii) 4 L/ha; viii) 4.5 L/ha; ix) 5 L/ha; x) 5.5 L/ha; xi) 6 L/ha; xii) 6.5 L/ha; xiii) 7 L/ha; xiv) 7.5 L/ha; xv) 8 L/ha; xvi) 8.5 L/ha; xvii) 9 L/ha; xviii) 9.5 L/ha; xix) 10 L/ha; xx) 10.5 L/ha; xxi) 11 L/ha; xxii) 11.5 L/ha; xxiii) 12 L/ha; xxiv) 12.5 L/ha; xxv) 13 L/ha; xxvi) 13.5 L/ha; xxvii) 14 L/ha; xxviii) 14.5 L/ha; xxix) 15 L/ha; xxx) 15.5 L/ha; xxxi) 16 L/ha; xxxii) 16.5 L/ha; xxxiii) 17 L/ha; xxxiv) 17.5 L/ha; xxxv) 18 L/ha; xxxvi) 18.5 L/ha; xxxvii) 19 L/ha; xxxviii) 19.5 L/ha; or xxxix) 20 L/ha.

29. The method of any one of claims 1-28, wherein the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1: 100.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1:50.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1 :20.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1: 15.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and the penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1:5.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the volume ratio between the phthalimide fungicide and penetration enhancer or the penetration enhancer with an agriculturally acceptable additive is 1: 1.

35. The method of any one of claims 1-34, wherein the plant is a pome fruit plant.

36. The method of any one of claims 1-35, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, or any combination thereof.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the plant is an apple plant.

38. The method of claim 36, wherein the plant is a banana plant.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 4000 g a.i./ha folpet is applied during the period over 40 days.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 2000 g a.i./ha folpet is applied during the period over 40 days.

41. The method of any one of claims 39-40, wherein folpet and SK oil is applied at least 6 times, preferably 5 times, more preferably 4 times.

42. The method of claim 36, wherein the plant is a pear plant.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 3000 g a.i./ha folpet is applied during the period over 42 days.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein folpet and SK oil is applied in an amount and at a period such that, no more than 1500 g a.i./ha folpet is applied during the period over 42 days.

45. The method of any one of claims 43-44, wherein folpet and SK oil is applied at least 6 times, preferably 5 times, more preferably 4 times, more preferably 3 times.

46. A method of treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an amount of a phthalimide fungicide and an amount of a penetration enhancer in separate applications with an interval between each application, wherein the method causes a reduction of phototoxic effect to the plant and wherein the amount of the phthalimide fungicide causes significant phototoxic effect to the plant when applied at different interval in the presence of the same amount of the same penetration enhancer.

47. A method of treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen by applying at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer on a plant, and the method comprises:

(i) applying an amount of a first application of at least one phthalimide fungicide at a rate of 300-750 g a.i./ha;

(ii) determining whether an additional application or additional applications of the phthalimide is required; and

(iii) if required, applying each additional application of the phthalimide fungicide at an application rate of 300-750 g a.i./ha, wherein the interval between each additional application is at least 5 days.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the interval between each additional application is the same.

49. The method of claim 47, wherein the interval between each additional application is different.

50. The method of any one of claims 47-49, wherein the total amount of the phthalimide fungicide is applied no more than i) 11,500 g a.i./ha; ii) 7500 g a.i./ha; iii) 6000 g a.i./ha; iv) 5500 g a.i./ha; v) 5000 g a.i./ha; vi) 4500 g a.i./ha; vii) 4000 g a.i./ha; viii) 3500 g a.i./ha; ix) 3000 g a.i./ha; x) 2500 g a.i./ha; xi) 2000 g a.i./ha; xii) 1500 g a.i./ha; xiii) 1000 g a.i./ha; xiv) 750 g a.i./ha; or xv) 500 g a.i./ha;

51. The method of any one of claims 47-50, wherein the phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer is applied to the fruit, foliage, or stem of the plant.

52. The method of any one of claims 47-51, wherein the phthalimide fungicide is folpet, captan, captafol, ditalimfos, flumiclorac, difolatan or any combination thereof.

53. The method of any one of claims 47-52, wherein the penetration enhancer is mineral oil (SK oil), wherein the mineral oil is either mineral oil from petrochemicals, or mineral synthetic oil.

54. The method of any one of claims 47-53, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of apple, pear, citrus, cherry, banana, mango, papaya, pitaya, avocado, dragon fruit, guava, longan, litchi, durian, passion fruit, rambutan, mangosteen, cocoa, chili, onion, com, sugarcane, sorghum, coffee, cotton, rice, pulses, chickpea, pea, broad bean, fava bean, oil seed rape (OSR), soybean, or any combination thereof.

55. The method of any one of claims 47-54, wherein the fungal pathogen is selected from group consisting of Cercospora beticola, Cercospora sojina, Cercospora kikuchii. Ramularia beticola, Venturia oleagina, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum truncatum, Pseudocercospora musae, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Cercospora zeae-maydis, Setosphaeria turcica, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Cochliobolus carbonum, Ustilago maydis, Phialophora gregata, Gibberella zeae, Ustilago scitaminea, Hehninthosporium sacchari, Puccinia sorghi, Hemileia vastatrix, Gibberella xylarioides, Septoria glycines, Phakopsora gossypii, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phlyctema vagabunda, Puccinia schedonnardi, Puccinia cacabata, Corynespora cassiicola, Ascochyta gossypiicola, Glomerella gossypii, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Ascochyta rabiei, Ascochyta pisi, Ascochyta fabae, Cercospora zonata, Uromyces vicia-fabae, Peronospora viciae, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium sp., Fusarium virguliforme, Sclerotinia sp., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora sp., Venturia inaequalis, Mycosphaerella fijiensis or any combination thereof.

56. A use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in the presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

57. A use of at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for the manufacture of a composition in treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

58. A composition comprising at least one phthalimide fungicide in presence of at least one penetration enhancer for treating a plant against infection caused by at least one fungal pathogen, in an amount and at an interval such that, no more than a total amount of 11,250 g a.i./ha phthalimide fungicide is applied over a period of 150 days, wherein the interval between each application of the multiple applications is no more than 21 days.

59. An article of manufacturing which comprises unit doses of phthalimide fungicide prepared for administration of no more than 11,250 g a.i./ha over a period of 150 days.

60. The article of claim 59 for use in treating a plant against infection by a fungal pathogen.