WO2024148784A1 - 扬声器组件和手持装置 - Google Patents

扬声器组件和手持装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024148784A1
WO2024148784A1 PCT/CN2023/106739 CN2023106739W WO2024148784A1 WO 2024148784 A1 WO2024148784 A1 WO 2024148784A1 CN 2023106739 W CN2023106739 W CN 2023106739W WO 2024148784 A1 WO2024148784 A1 WO 2024148784A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speaker
housing
output port
type
speaker housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/106739
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贝克曼朱哈
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AAC Technologies Holdings Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Technologies Pte Ltd
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AAC Acoustic Technologies Shenzhen Co Ltd
AAC Technologies Pte Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2024148784A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024148784A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/24—Structural combinations of separate transducers or of two parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/403—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers loud-speakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/26—Spatial arrangements of separate transducers responsive to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H04R3/12—Circuits for transducers for distributing signals to two or more loudspeakers
    • H04R3/14—Cross-over networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/02—Details casings, cabinets or mounting therein for transducers covered by H04R1/02 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/028—Structural combinations of loudspeakers with built-in power amplifiers, e.g. in the same acoustic enclosure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's

Definitions

  • Various embodiments described in this document generally relate to the field of handheld devices, and more particularly to a speaker assembly and a handheld device including the speaker assembly.
  • a speaker assembly is configured in a mobile phone to output audio, such as music or speech, received from the opposite end of a call.
  • the speaker assembly may be used in a mode where the mobile phone is held in front of the user's face (as opposed to being held to the ear). In this mode, the speaker in the speaker assembly is often used as a hands-free speaker.
  • known hands-free speakers have significant coloration from reflections from the user's hand. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a speaker assembly in a handheld device that can significantly reduce the coloration of the sound produced by hand reflections and, in stereo use, reduce the response differences between channels caused by hand reflections.
  • a speaker assembly includes at least one speaker driver and at least two output ports.
  • the at least one speaker driver and the at least two ports are configured so that the speaker assembly has a unidirectional polar pattern within a desired frequency range.
  • the speaker assembly includes at least one or a combination of a first type of speaker unit, a second type of speaker unit, and a third type of speaker unit.
  • the first type of speaker unit has a sealed housing and a driver disposed in the sealed housing.
  • the second type of speaker unit has a partially open housing and a driver disposed in the partially open housing.
  • the third type of speaker unit has a driver with an open baffle or a driver with an acoustically equal cavity on both sides.
  • the speaker assembly includes two speaker units of the first type, two audio signal amplifiers and a delay.
  • the two speaker units of the first type have opposite phases and are fed with separate signals.
  • One of the separate signals is obtained by processing the source signal using one of the two audio signal amplifiers and the delay, and the other of the separate signals is obtained by processing the source signal using the other of the two audio signal amplifiers.
  • the speaker assembly includes a second type of speaker unit, an audio signal amplifier and an acoustic filter.
  • the acoustic filter is configured to adjust the acoustic output from both sides of the second type of speaker unit.
  • the second type of speaker unit is fed with a signal obtained by processing a source signal using the audio signal amplifier.
  • the speaker assembly includes a first type of speaker unit, a third type of speaker unit, two audio signal amplifiers, and an equalizer.
  • the first type of speaker unit is fed with a signal obtained by processing a source signal using one of the two audio signal amplifiers
  • the third type of speaker unit is fed with a signal obtained by processing the source signal using the other of the two audio signal amplifiers and the equalizer.
  • the speaker assembly includes two speaker units of the first type, two speaker front chambers, and two output ports.
  • Each of the two speaker units of the first type has a rear chamber, which is a space in the sealed housing that is not occupied by the driver.
  • the two rear chambers are adjacent to each other.
  • the two speaker front chambers are arranged on both sides of the two speaker units of the first type, and the two output ports are respectively connected to the two speaker front chambers.
  • the speaker assembly includes a second type of speaker unit, a speaker front cavity, a front output port, and a rear output port.
  • the second type of speaker unit has a rear cavity, which is a space in the partially open housing that is not occupied by the driver.
  • the driver in the partially open housing faces the speaker front cavity.
  • the rear cavity is adjacent to the rear output port.
  • the rear output port is provided with an acoustic resistance element on a side wall different from the side wall adjacent to the rear cavity.
  • the speaker assembly further includes a speaker housing configured to house at least one speaker driver.
  • the at least two output ports include two output ports connected to the speaker housing.
  • the speaker assembly includes at least one or a combination of a broadband or low frequency speaker having an omnidirectional polar pattern and a broadband or high frequency speaker having a cardioid, dipole or other directional polar pattern or having an omnidirectional polar pattern.
  • a speaker assembly includes a speaker housing, two omnidirectional speaker units disposed in the speaker housing, and two output ports connected to the speaker housing.
  • a speaker assembly includes a first speaker housing, an omnidirectional speaker unit disposed in the first speaker housing, a first output port connected to the first speaker housing, a second speaker housing, a cardioid speaker unit disposed in the second speaker housing, and a second output port and a third output port connected to the second speaker housing.
  • the speaker assembly includes a first speaker housing, a broadband speaker unit disposed in the first speaker housing, a first output port connected to the first speaker housing, a second speaker housing, a high-frequency speaker unit disposed in the second speaker housing, and a second output port connected to the second speaker housing.
  • the first output port and the second output port face the same direction.
  • the speaker assembly includes a first speaker housing, a broadband speaker unit disposed in the first speaker housing, a first output port connected to the first speaker housing, a second speaker housing, a high-frequency speaker unit disposed in the second speaker housing, and a second output port connected to the second speaker housing.
  • the first output port and the second output port face different directions.
  • a speaker assembly includes a first speaker housing, a first omnidirectional unit disposed in the first speaker housing, a first output port connected to the first speaker housing, a second speaker housing, a dipole speaker unit disposed in the second speaker housing, a second output port and a third output port connected to the second speaker housing, a third speaker housing, a second omnidirectional unit disposed in the third speaker housing, and a fourth output port connected to the third speaker housing.
  • the first speaker housing and the third speaker housing are disposed on both sides of the second speaker housing. All output ports face the same direction and are symmetrically arranged around a common center point.
  • a speaker assembly includes a first speaker housing, an omnidirectional unit disposed in the first speaker housing, a first output port and a second output port connected to the first speaker housing, a second speaker housing, a dipole speaker unit disposed in the second speaker housing, and a third output port and a fourth output port connected to the second speaker housing. All output ports face the same direction, and the first output port and the second output port are symmetrically arranged relative to the omnidirectional speaker unit.
  • a handheld device comprises a device housing and a speaker assembly arranged in the device housing.
  • the speaker assembly may be as described above.
  • the present invention can significantly reduce the pitch variation of the sound produced by hand reflections, and reduce the response differences between channels caused by hand reflections in stereo use.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the main principles of some embodiments according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a speaker assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a speaker assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2C is a schematic diagram of a speaker assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation of a cardioid (unidirectional) polar pattern from omnidirectional and dipole components according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an exemplary layout of a speaker assembly according to some embodiments.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of implementing the principles described in FIGS. 2A and 2B in the exemplary layout of FIG. 4 , according to some implementations.
  • FIG. 6A and 6B schematically illustrate a method of implementing a frequency-dependent polar pattern in a dual speaker arrangement corresponding to FIG. 2A , according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an exemplary layout of a speaker assembly including two speaker units according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a crossover between the low-frequency and high-frequency units of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a simulated on-axis (ie towards the listener) frequency response of a handheld device.
  • 10-13 are exemplary arrangements of speaker assemblies according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 14 schematically illustrates the frequency dependence of the acoustic output of the system in FIGS. 12 and 13 .
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to speaker arrangements in handheld devices.
  • a first type of speaker which may be a broadband or low-frequency speaker with an omnidirectional polar pattern
  • a second type of speaker which may be a broadband or high-frequency speaker with a cardioid, dipole or other directional polar pattern, or in some embodiments, an omnidirectional speaker
  • the respective numbers and layouts of the first and second types of speakers are designed, and the relative phase and/or response amplitude between the first and second types of speakers are adjusted within the corresponding transition frequency range. In this way, a sound field having a directional polar pattern within a desired frequency range can be obtained, and the tonal variations of the sound produced by hand reflections can be significantly reduced.
  • cardioid polar pattern in an electroacoustic transducer first appeared in microphone design in 1933 and have subsequently been used in loudspeaker design either as a passive design (e.g., an acoustically resistive enclosure) or by using multiple drivers with active electronics.
  • loudspeaker design either as a passive design (e.g., an acoustically resistive enclosure) or by using multiple drivers with active electronics.
  • the use of directional loudspeakers in mobile devices is uncommon due to the loss of dynamic range in most implementations. That is, the basic principles of producing loudspeakers with a unidirectional (cardioid) polar pattern are well known, but they have not been widely used in portable devices.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the main principles of the invention, which provides a handheld device with a speaker that directs most of the sound away from the user's hand.
  • a user's hand 102 holds a handheld device 101 that provides a speaker port 103. Sound radiated from the speaker port 103 is in a sound field having a directional polar pattern, such as a cardioid polar pattern 104. Sound radiated directly from the speaker port 103 is directed away from the user's hand in a direction indicated as 105, and sound attenuated and reflected from the user's hand is directed away from the user's hand in a direction indicated as 106.
  • the speaker port 103 is arranged in such a way that a directional response is obtained in a speaker that is close to a user's hand or close to a surface (the prior art describes handheld device speakers that only work well when the device is substantially in free air), and a frequency-dependent polar pattern is provided in which the transition frequency is defined according to the hand-device acoustic interaction.
  • the novel features of embodiments of the present invention have not been presented in any known implementation of portable device speakers.
  • gradient speakers generally require a significant amount of low frequency boost to achieve a flat on-axis response, since their operation relies on canceling a portion of the radiated sound by wiring the speakers out of phase with appropriate delays and equalization, or by utilizing out-of-phase radiating from separate speaker drivers.
  • This is acceptable in large speaker assemblies, such as sound reinforcement systems, which are becoming increasingly popular, but in telecommunications speakers, low frequency output capability is limited, so the speakers should preferably be operated in omnidirectional mode at low frequencies.
  • frequency-dependent phase inversion achieved for example by applying an inverting all-pass filter between two separate transducers, and optionally using a frequency-dependent delay difference, the two transducers are caused to radiate substantially in phase at low frequencies. This approach maximizes the available low frequency output for a given number of transducers.
  • unidirectional radiation is achieved by a combination of a dipole and an omnidirectional sound source
  • the preferred transition frequency range from omnidirectional operation to unidirectional operation for a typical smartphone or handheld gaming kit is from about 800 Hz to about 2000 Hz.
  • embodiments of the present invention can significantly reduce the pitch variation of the sound produced by hand reflections, and reduce the response differences between channels caused by hand reflections in stereo usage.
  • a speaker assembly includes at least one speaker driver and at least two output ports.
  • the at least one speaker driver and the at least two ports are configured so that at least the speaker assembly near a user's hand has a unidirectional (typically cardioid) polar pattern within a desired frequency range (e.g., across the entire frequency range or only at high frequencies).
  • a desired frequency range e.g., across the entire frequency range or only at high frequencies.
  • Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of a speaker assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the speaker assembly includes two speaker units 201 and 202, two audio signal amplifiers 203 and 204, and a delay 205.
  • Each of the two speaker units 201 and 202 has a sealed housing and a driver arranged in the sealed housing.
  • the two speaker units 201 and 202 are omnidirectional.
  • the same source signal with possible delay and/or equalization is fed to the two speaker units to achieve the desired polarity pattern.
  • FIG. 2A shows an embodiment in which separate signals are fed to two substantially identical speakers with opposite phases, and the signal to one speaker is delayed so that the sound radiated away from the listener is largely canceled.
  • the desired polarity pattern is achieved by combining the acoustic outputs of two units having substantially identical polarity patterns and utilizing signal processing applied to the input signals to the units.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a speaker assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the speaker assembly includes a speaker unit 206 and an audio signal amplifier 208.
  • the speaker unit 206 has a partially open speaker housing and a driver arranged in the housing.
  • FIG2B shows an embodiment in which an acoustic filter including a cavity behind the speaker driver (i.e., the cavity is not occupied by the driver in the partially open housing) and an acoustic resistance element 207 such as a perforated or porous material are behind the driver.
  • the acoustic filter then forms a suitable delay.
  • the desired polar pattern is achieved by adjusting the acoustic output on both sides of the speaker unit by purely acoustic means.
  • 2C is a schematic diagram of a speaker assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the speaker assembly includes two speaker units 209 and 210, two audio signal amplifiers 211 and 212, and an equalizer 213.
  • One of the two speaker units 209 is a dipole, and the other of the two speaker units 210 is omnidirectional. Again, the same source signal with possible delay and/or equalization is fed to the two speaker units to achieve the desired polar pattern.
  • 2C shows a combination of an omnidirectional speaker (e.g., a small sealed speaker housing) and a dipole speaker (e.g., an open baffle speaker or driver with acoustically equal cavity ports on both sides), and the two speakers are balanced so that the omnidirectional and dipole speakers produce each identical on-axis response, so that their acoustic sum forms a cardioid response.
  • an omnidirectional speaker e.g., a small sealed speaker housing
  • a dipole speaker e.g., an open baffle speaker or driver with acoustically equal cavity ports on both sides
  • the desired polarity pattern is achieved through a combination of the polarity patterns of two units that are acoustically distinct and using signal processing applied to the input signals to the units.
  • the desired polar pattern is achieved by 1) as the acoustic sum of two (or more) separate speaker drivers, using appropriately delayed/equalized signals, or 2) by using a single driver to achieve the desired polar pattern through pure acoustic means (ports, cavities, and resistor elements).
  • FIGS. 2A and 2C are two exemplary structures for illustrating the first means
  • FIG. 2B is an exemplary structure for illustrating the second means.
  • the present invention is not limited to the structures illustrated above, and other structures belonging to the same concept of the present invention can be derived from the structures illustrated above.
  • FIG. 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate possible means of achieving the preferred cardioid polar pattern, and in this sense, the output of all units covers the frequency range using a cardioid polar pattern.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the generation of a cardioid (unidirectional) polar pattern from omnidirectional and dipole components according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an exemplary layout of a speaker assembly according to some embodiments.
  • a basic layout of a speaker assembly i.e., a typical port arrangement, is shown to obtain a desired directional operation.
  • the speaker assembly has a speaker housing 402 configured to accommodate at least one speaker driver
  • the handheld device has a device housing 401 configured to accommodate the speaker assembly.
  • the speaker assembly has two output ports 403 and 404, and the device housing 401 has an opening through which sound from the two output ports 403 and 404 is radiated.
  • the two output ports 403 and 404 can be arranged on the same side of the device housing 401.
  • the openings can also be implemented alternatively with multiple groups of smaller openings.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of implementing the principles described in FIGS. 2A and 2B in the exemplary layout of FIG. 4 , according to some implementations.
  • the device housing outline is shown as 501, and the speaker assembly is accommodated in the device housing.
  • the speaker assembly includes two speaker front cavities, two ports 502 and 503, two speaker drivers, and two rear cavities 504 and 505.
  • the two speaker drivers face the two speaker front cavities, respectively, and the two rear cavities 504 and 505 are adjacent to each other.
  • the rear cavity can be a space not occupied by the driver in a sealed housing or a partially open housing.
  • the device housing profile is shown as 506, and the speaker assembly is housed in the device housing.
  • the speaker assembly includes a speaker front cavity, a front port 507, a rear port 508, a speaker driver, and a rear cavity 510.
  • the speaker driver faces the speaker front cavity.
  • the rear cavity 510 is adjacent to the rear port 508.
  • the rear port 508 is provided with an acoustic resistance element 509 on a side wall different from the side wall adjacent to the rear cavity 510.
  • the speaker can be a cardioid speaker.
  • Figures 6A and 6B schematically illustrate methods of implementing frequency-dependent polar patterns in a two-speaker arrangement corresponding to Figure 2 A according to some embodiments.
  • Figure 6A illustrates the case where the two speakers reproduce substantially the same frequency range, and the transition from omnidirectional (low frequencies) is accomplished by adjusting the relative phase and relative delay of the two transducers
  • Figure 6B illustrates the case where the delay difference between the speakers is approximately constant over the commonly reproduced frequency range, and the amplitude of the acoustic output of one speaker is reduced at low frequencies.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram for illustrating an exemplary layout of a speaker assembly including two speaker units according to some embodiments.
  • an omnidirectional (low frequency) speaker and a cardioid (high frequency) speaker are built into a device housing 701 as separate units 702 and 703.
  • the output port of the omnidirectional (low frequency) speaker unit and the output port of the cardioid (high frequency) speaker unit are arranged on the same side of the device housing 701.
  • FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a crossover between the low-frequency and high-frequency units of FIG. 7 .
  • Figure 9 shows a device equipped with a conventional (omnidirectional) loudspeaker, a cardioid loudspeaker, and a combination of omnidirectional and cardioid loudspeakers, respectively, where the transition from omnidirectional to cardioid occurs in the frequency range of about 1200 Hz.
  • 10-13 are exemplary arrangements of speaker assemblies according to some embodiments.
  • FIG10 shows a possible arrangement of broadband and high frequency speakers for implementing the response of FIG6B.
  • a speaker assembly including a broadband speaker unit 1002, a broadband output port 1004, a high frequency speaker unit, and a high frequency output port 1003 is housed in a device housing 1001.
  • the high frequency output port 1003 and the broadband output port 1004 face the same direction and are arranged on the same side of the device housing 1001.
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative arrangement of broadband and high-frequency speakers for implementing the response of FIG. 6B .
  • a speaker assembly including a broadband speaker unit 1102, a broadband output port 1105, a high-frequency speaker unit 1104, and a high-frequency output port 1103 is contained in a device housing 1101.
  • the high-frequency output port 1103 and the broadband output port 1105 face different directions and are arranged on different sides of the device housing 1101.
  • the high-frequency speaker unit 1104 can also be used as a telephone handset, and the high-frequency output port can also be used as a handset output port.
  • FIG12 shows an embodiment of a combined dipole and omnidirectional speaker, wherein two separate speaker units are used for the broadband omnidirectional portion, and the ports are arranged symmetrically around a common center point.
  • the speaker assembly includes a first omnidirectional speaker unit having a first omnidirectional speaker output port 1202, a dipole speaker unit 1203 having a first dipole speaker output port 1204 and a second dipole speaker output port 1205, and a second omnidirectional speaker unit having a second omnidirectional speaker output port 1206. All units and ports are housed in a device housing 1201. All ports 1202, 1204, 1205, and 1206 face the same direction, are arranged on the same side of the device housing 1201, and are arranged symmetrically around a common center point.
  • FIG. 13 shows an alternative embodiment of a combined dipole and omnidirectional speaker, wherein one broadband speaker has two symmetrical ports.
  • the speaker assembly comprises an omnidirectional speaker unit 1302 having a first omnidirectional speaker output port 1303 and a second omnidirectional speaker output port 1303, and a dipole speaker unit having two dipole speaker output ports. All units and ports are contained in a device housing 1301. All ports face the same direction and are arranged on the same side of the device housing 1301. Ports 1302 and 1303 are arranged symmetrically relative to the omnidirectional speaker unit 1302.
  • FIG. 14 schematically illustrates the frequency dependence of the acoustic output of the systems of FIGS. 12 and 13 to obtain a frequency-dependent polar pattern.
  • a first omnidirectional speaker output port may be referred to as a second omnidirectional speaker output port, and similarly, a second omnidirectional speaker output port may be referred to as a first omnidirectional speaker output port.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
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Abstract

一种扬声器组件和手持装置。扬声器组件包括至少一个扬声器驱动器和至少两个输出端口(403,404)。至少一个扬声器驱动器和至少两个输出端口(403,404)被配置为使得扬声器组件在期望的频率范围内具有定向极性图案。

Description

扬声器组件和手持装置 技术领域
本文献中描述的各种实施方式总体涉及手持装置领域，更具体地涉及一种扬声器组件和包括该扬声器组件的手持装置。
 背景技术
在过去的十年中，移动电话已经变得非常流行。在移动电话中配置扬声器组件，以输出从呼叫的相对端接收的音频，例如音乐或语音。在一些情况下，扬声器组件可能以移动电话被保持在用户面部的前面（与保持到耳朵相反）的模式使用。在这种模式中，扬声器组件中的扬声器经常用作免提扬声器。
然而，已知免提扬声器具有来自用户手的反射的显著音调变化（coloration）。因此，需要提供一种手持装置中的扬声器组件，其能够显著地降低由手反射产生的声音的音调变化，并且在立体声使用中减少由手反射引起的通道之间的响应差异。
 技术问题
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种扬声器组件。扬声器组件包括至少一个扬声器驱动器和至少两个输出端口。至少一个扬声器驱动器和至少两个端口被配置为使得扬声器组件在期望的频率范围内具有单向极性图案。
 技术解决方案
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一类型的扬声器单元、第二类型的扬声器单元和第三类型的扬声器单元中的至少一个或组合。第一类型的扬声器单元具有密封罩壳和布置在密封罩壳中的驱动器。第二类型的扬声器单元具有部分开放的罩壳和布置在部分开放的罩壳中的驱动器。第三类型的扬声器单元具有带开放挡板的驱动器或在两侧上具有声学上相等的空腔的驱动器。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括两个第一类型的扬声器单元、两个音频信号放大器和延迟器。第一类型的两个扬声器单元具有相反的相位，并且被馈送以单独的信号。单独信号中的一个通过利用两个音频信号放大器中的一个和延迟器处理源信号来获得，并且单独信号中的另一个通过利用两个音频信号放大器中的另一个处理源信号来获得。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第二类型的扬声器单元、音频信号放大器和滤声器。滤声器被配置为调整来自第二类型的扬声器单元的两侧的声输出。第二类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用音频信号放大器处理源信号获得的信号。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一类型的扬声器单元、第三类型的扬声器单元、两个音频信号放大器和均衡器。第一类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用两个音频信号放大器中的一个处理源信号获得的信号，并且第三类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用两个音频信号放大器中的另一个和均衡器处理源信号获得的信号。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括两个第一类型的扬声器单元、两个扬声器前腔和两个输出端口。两个第一类型的扬声器单元中的每一个都具有后腔，该后腔是密封罩壳中未被驱动器占据的空间。两个后腔彼此紧邻。两个扬声器前腔布置在两个第一类型的扬声器单元的两侧，两个输出端口分别连接至两个扬声器前腔。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第二类型的扬声器单元、扬声器前腔、前输出端口和后输出端口。第二类型的扬声器单元具有后腔，该后腔是在部分开放的罩壳中未被驱动器占据的空间。部分开放的罩壳中的驱动器面向扬声器前腔。后腔紧邻后输出端口。后输出端口在与后腔紧邻的侧壁不同的侧壁上设置有声阻元件。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件还包括扬声器外壳，该扬声器外壳被配置为容纳至少一个扬声器驱动器。至少两个输出端口包括连接到扬声器外壳的两个输出端口。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括具有全向极性图案的宽带或低频扬声器、以及具有心形、偶极或其他定向极性图案或具有全向极性图案的宽带或高频扬声器中的至少一个或组合。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括扬声器外壳、布置在扬声器外壳中的两个全向扬声器单元、以及连接到扬声器外壳的两个输出端口。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在第一扬声器外壳中的全向扬声器单元、连接到第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在第二扬声器外壳中的心形扬声器单元、以及连接到第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口和第三输出端口。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在第一扬声器外壳中的宽带扬声器单元、连接到第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在第二扬声器外壳中的高频扬声器单元、以及连接到第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口。第一输出端口和第二输出端口面向相同的方向。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在第一扬声器外壳中的宽带扬声器单元、连接到第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在第二扬声器外壳中的高频扬声器单元、以及连接到第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口。第一输出端口和第二输出端口面向不同的方向。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在第一扬声器外壳中的第一全向单元、连接到第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在第二扬声器外壳中的偶极扬声器单元、连接到第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口和第三输出端口、第三扬声器外壳、布置在第三扬声器外壳中的第二全向单元、以及连接到第三扬声器外壳的第四输出端口。第一扬声器外壳与第三扬声器外壳布置在第二扬声器外壳的两侧。所有输出端口面向同一方向，并且围绕共同中心点对称布置。
在一些实施方式中，扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在第一扬声器外壳中的全向单元、连接到第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口和第二输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在第二扬声器外壳中的偶极扬声器单元、以及连接到第二扬声器外壳的第三输出端口和第四输出端口。所有输出端口面向同一方向，并且第一输出端口和第二输出端口相对于全向扬声器单元对称布置。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种手持装置。该手持装置包括装置外壳和布置在装置外壳中的扬声器组件。扬声器组件可以如上所述。
 有益效果
本发明可以显著地减少由手反射产生的声音的音调变化，并且在立体声使用中减少由手反射引起的通道之间的响应差异。
 附图说明
在附图的各图中，通过示例而非限制的方式例示了本发明的实施方式，在附图中，同样的附图标记可以指示类似的元件。
图1例示了根据本发明的一些实施方式的主要原理。
图2A是根据本发明的实施方式的扬声器组件的示意图。
图2B是根据本发明另一实施方式的扬声器组件的示意图。
图2C是根据本发明另外实施方式的扬声器组件的示意图。
图3是用于例示根据本发明一些实施方式的从全向和偶极部件产生心形（单向）极性图案的示意图。
图4是用于例示根据一些实施方式的扬声器组件的示例性布局的示意图。
图5A和图5B示出了根据一些实施方式的在图4的示例性布局中实施图2A和图2B中描述的原理的示例。
图6A和图6B示意性地示出了根据一些实施方式的在对应于图2A的双扬声器布置中实施频率相关的极性图案的方法。
图7是用于例示根据一些实施方式的包括两个扬声器单元的扬声器组件的示例性布局的示意图。
图8示意性地示出了图7的低频与高频单元之间的交叉。
图9示出了手持装置的模拟轴上（即朝向收听者）频率响应的示例。
图10至图13是根据一些实施方式的扬声器组件的示例性布置。
图14示意性地示出了图12和图13中的系统的声输出的频率依赖性。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本说明书公开了结合本发明的特征的一个或多个实施方式。所公开的实施方式仅仅举例说明了本发明。本发明的范围不限于所公开的实施方式。本发明由所附权利要求限定。
所描述的实施方式以及说明书中对“一个实施方式”、“实施方式”、“示例实施方式”等的引用指示所描述的实施方式可包括特定特征、结构或特性，但每个实施方式可以不必包括该特定特征、结构或特性。而且，这些短语不一定是指相同的实施方式。进一步地，当结合实施方式描述特定特征、结构或特性时，应当理解，结合其它实施方式来实现这种特征、结构或特性是在本领域技术人员的知识范围内的，而不管是否明确描述。
存在用于降低来自用户手的反射的音调变化的各种实施方案。本发明的实施方式涉及手持装置中的扬声器布置。在这些布置中，设置了第一类型的扬声器（其可以是具有全向极性图案的宽带或低频扬声器）和第二类型的扬声器（其可以是具有心形、偶极或其他定向极性图案的宽带或高频扬声器，或者在一些实施方案中，全向扬声器）。而且，设计第一类型和第二类型的扬声器的各自的数量和布局，并且在对应的过渡频率范围内调整第一类型和第二类型的扬声器之间的相对相位和/或响应幅度。这样，可以获得在期望频率范围内具有定向极性图案的声场，并且可以显著地降低由手反射产生的声音的音调变化。 
产生具有单向（心形）极性图案的扬声器的基本原理是公知的，但是它们尚未广泛应用于便携式装置。
在电声换能器中产生心形极性图案的原理在1933年首次出现在麦克风设计中，并且随后作为无源设计（例如，声阻罩壳）或者通过使用具有有源电子器件的多个驱动器被用于扬声器设计。由于大多数实施方案的动态范围损失，在移动装置中使用定向扬声器并不常见。即，产生具有单向（心形）极性图案的扬声器的基本原理是公知的，但是它们尚未广泛应用于便携式装置。
另外，定向麦克风的使用在电信应用中有些常见，特别是在附件中，但是仅有少数尝试使用定向扬声器。避免定向扬声器的一个众所周知的原因是它们的最大输出、尤其是在低频下的最大输出是有限的，并且所需的声学对称性对声学设计和驱动器放置施加了约束。本发明中还解决了低频问题。 
图1例示了本发明的主要原理，其提供了具有扬声器的手持装置，该扬声器引导大部分声音远离用户的手。
如图1所示，用户的手102保持提供扬声器端口103的手持装置101。从扬声器端口103辐射的声音处于具有定向极性图案（例如，心形极性图案104）的声场中。从扬声器端口103直接辐射的声音在表示为105的方向上被引导远离用户的手，并且从用户的手衰减和反射的声音在表示为106的方向上被引导远离用户的手。
另外，扬声器端口103以如下的方式布置：在扬声器中获得定向响应，该扬声器靠近用户的手或靠近表面（现有技术描述了仅当装置基本上在自由空气中时才良好工作的手持装置扬声器），并且提供了其中根据手装置声交互来定义过渡频率的频率相关的极性图案。本发明的实施方式的新特征尚未在便携式装置扬声器的任何已知实施方案中呈现。
本领域技术人员应当理解，梯度扬声器通常需要大量的低频提升来实现平坦的轴上响应，因为它们的操作依赖于通过使扬声器以具有适当延迟和均衡的异相布线或者通过利用单独扬声器驱动器的异相反向辐射来抵消辐射声音的一部分。这在大型扬声器组件中是可以接受的，例如原理变得越来越流行的声音增强系统，但是在电信扬声器中，低频输出能力是有限的，因此扬声器应当优选地在低频下以全向模式操作。
模拟和测量指示，用户的手在500 Hz以下没有对扬声器提供显著的提升，并且提升增加，但是保持相对角度无关，直到大约1500 Hz到2000 Hz。这暗示全向扬声器在高达约1000-1500 Hz时是可用的，并且在该频率以上定向操作是优选的，而定向扬声器在手持时在低频下损失一些效率，因此全向操作在较低频率下是优选的。用于实现期望操作的一些方法可以被分成两个主要类别：
使用例如通过在两个单独的换能器之间应用反相全通滤波器而实现的频率相关的相位反转以及可选地使用频率相关的延迟差，使得在低频下两个换能器基本同相地辐射。这种方法使给定数量的换能器的可用低频输出最大化。 
衰减一个换能器的低频输出，使得抵消仅发生在频率范围的一部分中。这种方法允许高频换能器被设计成用于较小的尺寸。在这种情况下，也可以应用频率相关的延迟和相位反转，并且它们是有益的，但不是必要的。这种方法从现有技术中对于任何类型的扬声器都是未知的。
如果单向辐射通过偶极和全向声源的组合来实现，那么优选使用两个输出端口用于全向源，对称地放置在偶极辐射器端口的中心周围，使得在非常宽的频率范围内实现单向辐射特性。
如果极性图案被实施为频率相关的，则对于典型的智能电话或手持比赛套装，从全向操作到单向操作的优选过渡频率范围是从大约800 Hz到大约2000 Hz。
总之，本发明的实施方式可以显著地减少由手反射产生的声音的音调变化，并且在立体声使用中减少由手反射引起的通道之间的响应差异。
在一些实施方式中，提供了一种扬声器组件。扬声器组件包括至少一个扬声器驱动器和至少两个输出端口。至少一个扬声器驱动器和至少两个端口被配置为使得至少靠近用户的手的扬声器组件在期望的频率范围内（例如，跨整个频率范围或者仅在高频下）具有单向（通常为心形）极性图案。在以下说明中更详细地讨论实施替代方案和预期性能。
图2A是根据本发明的实施方式的扬声器组件的示意图。 
如图2A所示，扬声器组件包括两个扬声器单元201和202、两个音频信号放大器203和204、以及延迟器205。两个扬声器单元201和202中的每一个都具有密封罩壳和布置在密封罩壳中的驱动器。两个扬声器单元201和202是全向的。具有可能的延迟和/或均衡的相同源信号被馈送到两个扬声器单元以实现期望的极性图案。例如，图2A示出了一种实施方案，其中，向具有相反相位的两个基本相同的扬声器馈送单独的信号，并且延迟到一个扬声器的信号，使得从收听者辐射离开的声音在很大程度上被抵消。 
在该实施方式中，通过具有基本相同的极性图案的两个单元的声输出的组合并且利用应用于单元的输入信号的信号处理来实现期望的极性图案。 
图2B是根据本发明另一实施方式的扬声器组件的示意图。
如图2B所示，扬声器组件包括扬声器单元206和音频信号放大器208。扬声器单元206具有部分开放的扬声器罩壳以及布置在罩壳中的驱动器。例如，图2B示出了一种实施方案，其中，包括在扬声器驱动器后面的空腔（即，空腔在部分开放的罩壳中未被驱动器占据）的滤声器和例如穿孔或多孔材料的声阻元件207在驱动器后面。然后，滤声器形成适当的延迟器。
在该实施方式中，通过利用纯声音手段调整扬声器单元两侧的声输出来实现期望的极性图案。
图2C是根据本发明另外实施方式的扬声器组件的示意图。
如图2C所示，扬声器组件包括两个扬声器单元209和210、两个音频信号放大器211和212、以及均衡器213。两个扬声器单元中的一个209是偶极，两个扬声器单元中的另一个210是全向的。再次，具有可能的延迟和/或均衡的相同源信号被馈送到两个扬声器单元以实现期望的极性图案。例如，图2C示出了全向扬声器（例如，小的密封扬声器罩壳）和偶极扬声器（例如，在两侧具有声学上相等的空腔端口的开放挡板扬声器或驱动器）的组合，这两个扬声器被均衡，使得全向和偶极扬声器产生每个相同的轴上响应，使得其声学和形成心形响应。
在该实施方式中，通过声学上不同的两个单元的极性图案的组合并且利用应用于单元的输入信号的信号处理来实现期望的极性图案。
总之，通过1）作为两个（或更多个）单独的扬声器驱动器的声学和、利用适当延迟/均衡的信号、或2）通过使用单个驱动器实现期望的极性图案的纯声音手段（端口、空腔和电阻元件），来实现期望的极性图案。图2A和图2C是用于例示第一手段的两个示例性结构，图2B是用于例示第二手段的示例性结构。然而，本发明不限于以上例示的结构，并且可以根据以上例示的结构导出属于本发明的相同概念的其它结构。另外，本领域技术人员应当理解，在一些具有心形极性图案的商用扬声器（例如，芬兰品牌Gradient和Amphion的一些型号的中音单元）中以及在大多数心形麦克风中，存在一些常用的结构。其思想是，由空腔和电阻形成的声系统引入了频率相关的相位变化，并且系统的前侧与后侧之间的物理距离提供了角度相关的相位差，并且另一方面，空腔-电阻组合使较高频率衰减，这有助于保持频率无关的极性图案。
在一些实施方式中，为了实现期望的频率可变极性图案，所有扬声器在一些情况下将不再现整个频率范围。然而，图2A、图2B和图2C例示了实现优选的心形极性图案的可能手段，并且在这种意义上，所有单元的输出覆盖了使用心形极性图案的频率范围。
应当理解，图2A、图2B和图2C中示出为“朝向收听者”的方向可以被理解为当用户将手持装置握在他/她的手中时指向用户的手的方向。
图3是用于例示根据本发明一些实施方式的从全向和偶极部件产生心形（单向）极性图案的示意图。
图4是用于例示根据一些实施方式的扬声器组件的示例性布局的示意图。作为示例，示出了扬声器组件的基本布局，即典型的端口布置，以获得期望的定向操作。在该示例中，扬声器组件具有被配置为容纳至少一个扬声器驱动器的扬声器外壳402，并且手持装置具有被配置为容纳扬声器组件的装置外壳401。扬声器组件具有两个输出端口403和404，并且装置外壳401具有开口，来自两个输出端口403和404的声音通过该开口辐射。两个输出端口403和404可以布置在装置外壳401的相同侧面上。在一些实施方式中，开口也可以替代地用多组较小开口来实施。
图5A和图5B示出了根据一些实施方式的在图4的示例性布局中实施图2A和图2B中描述的原理的示例。
如图5A所示，装置外壳轮廓被示出为501，并且扬声器组件被容纳在装置外壳中。扬声器组件包括两个扬声器前腔、两个端口502和503、两个扬声器驱动器以及两个后腔504和505。两个扬声器驱动器分别面向两个扬声器前腔，并且两个后腔504和505彼此紧邻。如上所述，后腔可以是密封罩壳或部分开放的罩壳中未被驱动器占据的空间。
如图5B所示，装置外壳轮廓被示出为506，并且扬声器组件被容纳在装置外壳中。扬声器组件包括扬声器前腔、前端口507、后端口508、扬声器驱动器和后腔510。扬声器驱动器面向扬声器前腔。后腔510紧邻后端口508。后端口508在与后腔510紧邻的侧壁不同的侧壁上设置有声阻元件509。在该实施方式中，扬声器可以是心形扬声器。
图6A和图6B示意性地示出了根据一些实施方式的在对应于图2A的双扬声器布置中实施频率相关的极性图案的方法。图6A示出了两个扬声器再现基本上相同频率范围的情况，并且通过调整两个换能器的相对相位和相对延迟来完成从全向（低频）的转变，而图6B示出了扬声器之间的延迟差在共同再现的频率范围内近似恒定的情况，并且一个扬声器的声输出的幅度在低频下降低。
图7是用于例示根据一些实施方式的包括两个扬声器单元的扬声器组件的示例性布局的示意图。如图7所示，例如，全向（低频）扬声器和心形（高频）扬声器作为单独的单元702和703内置在装置外壳701中。全向（低频）扬声器单元的输出端口和心形（高频）扬声器单元的输出端口布置在装置外壳701的相同侧面上。
图8示意性地示出了图7的低频与高频单元之间的交叉。
图9示出了手持装置的模拟轴上（即朝向收听者）频率响应的示例。图9示出了分别配备有传统（全向）扬声器、心形扬声器以及全向和心形扬声器的组合的装置，其中从全向到心形的转变发生在大约1200 Hz的频率范围。
图10至图13是根据一些实施方式的扬声器组件的示例性布置。
作为示例，图10示出了用于实施图6B的响应的宽带和高频扬声器的可能布置。在该示例中，包括宽带扬声器单元1002、宽带输出端口1004、高频扬声器单元和高频输出端口1003的扬声器组件容纳在装置外壳1001中。高频输出端口1003和宽带输出端口1004面向相同的方向，并且布置在装置外壳1001的相同侧面上。
作为示例，图11示出了用于实施图6B的响应的宽带和高频扬声器的替代布置。在该示例中，包括宽带扬声器单元1102、宽带输出端口1105、高频扬声器单元1104和高频输出端口1103的扬声器组件容纳在装置外壳1101中。高频输出端口1103和宽带输出端口1105面向不同的方向，并且布置在装置外壳1101的不同侧面上。此外，高频扬声器单元1104还可以用作电话听筒，并且高频输出端口还可以用作听筒输出端口。
图12示出了组合的偶极和全向扬声器的实施方案，其中两个单独的扬声器单元用于宽带全向部分，并且端口围绕共同中心点对称布置。如图12所示，扬声器组件包括具有第一全向扬声器输出端口1202的第一全向扬声器单元、具有第一偶极扬声器输出端口1204和第二偶极扬声器输出端口1205的偶极扬声器单元1203、以及具有第二全向扬声器输出端口1206的第二全向扬声器单元。所有单元和端口都容纳在装置外壳1201中。所有端口1202、1204、1205和1206面向相同的方向，布置在装置外壳1201的相同侧面上，并且围绕共同的中心点对称地布置。
图13示出了组合的偶极和全向扬声器的替代性实施方案，其中一个宽带扬声器具有两个对称端口。如图13所示，扬声器组件包括具有第一全向扬声器输出端口1303和第二全向扬声器输出端口1303的全向扬声器单元1302、以及具有两个偶极扬声器输出端口的偶极扬声器单元。所有单元和端口都容纳在装置外壳1301中。所有端口都面向相同的方向，并且布置在装置外壳1301的相同侧面上。端口1302和1303相对于全向扬声器单元1302对称地布置。
图14示意性地示出了获得频率相关极性图案的图12和图13中的系统的声输出的频率依赖性。
应当理解，尽管在一些情况下，术语第一、第二等在本文中用于描述各种元件，但是这些元件不应受这些术语限制。这些术语仅用于区分一个元件与另一个元件。例如，在不脱离各种所述实施方式的范围的情况下，第一全向扬声器输出端口可以被称为第二全向扬声器输出端口，并且类似地，第二全向扬声器输出端口可以被称为第一全向扬声器输出端口。 
在本文的各种所述实施方式的描述中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施方式的目的，而不是旨在限制。如在各种所述实施方式和所附权利要求的描述中使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外清楚地指示。还应当理解，如本文所用的术语“和/或”指代并包含一个或多个相关联的所列项目的任何和所有可能的组合。还将理解，术语“包括”和/或“包含”在用于本说明书中时指定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但是不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组的存在或添加。
为了解释的目的，已经参考特定实施方式描述了前面的描述。然而，以上说明性讨论不旨在是穷尽的或将权利要求的范围限制到所公开的精确形式。鉴于上述教导，许多修改和变化是可能的。选择实施方式是为了最好地解释权利要求的原理及其实际应用，从而使本领域的其他技术人员能够以各种修改最好地使用实施方式，以适合于预期的特定用途。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种扬声器组件，包括： 
    至少一个扬声器驱动器；和
    至少两个输出端口；
    其中，所述至少一个扬声器驱动器和所述至少两个输出端口被配置为使得所述扬声器组件在期望的频率范围内具有定向极性图案。
  2.  根据权利要求1所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括以下部件中的至少一个或组合：
    第一类型的扬声器单元，所述第一类型的扬声器单元具有密封罩壳和布置在所述密封罩壳中的驱动器； 
    第二类型的扬声器单元，所述第二类型的扬声器单元具有部分开放的罩壳和布置在所述部分开放的罩壳中的驱动器；以及
    第三类型的扬声器单元，所述第三类型的扬声器单元具有带开放挡板的驱动器或在两侧上具有声学上相等的空腔的驱动器。
  3.  根据权利要求2所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元、两个音频信号放大器和延迟器； 
    其中，所述第一类型的两个扬声器单元具有相反的相位，并且被馈送以单独的信号；所述单独信号中的一个通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的一个和所述延迟器处理源信号来获得，并且所述单独信号中的另一个通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的另一个处理所述源信号来获得。
  4.  根据权利要求2所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括所述第二类型的扬声器单元、音频信号放大器和滤声器； 
    其中，所述滤声器被配置为调整来自所述第二类型的扬声器单元的两侧的声输出；
    其中，所述第二类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用所述音频信号放大器处理源信号获得的信号。
  5.  根据权利要求2所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括所述第一类型的扬声器单元、所述第三类型的扬声器单元、两个音频信号放大器和均衡器； 
    其中，所述第一类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的一个处理源信号获得的信号，并且所述第三类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的另一个和所述均衡器处理所述源信号获得的信号。
  6.  根据权利要求2所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元、两个扬声器前腔和两个输出端口；
    所述两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元中的每一个都具有后腔，所述后腔是所述密封罩壳中未被所述驱动器占据的空间； 
    两个后腔彼此紧邻；
    所述两个扬声器前腔布置在所述两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元的两侧，所述两个输出端口分别连接至所述两个扬声器前腔。
  7.  根据权利要求2所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括所述第二类型的扬声器单元、扬声器前腔、前输出端口和后输出端口；
    所述第二类型的所述扬声器单元具有后腔，所述后腔是在所述部分开放的罩壳中未被所述驱动器占据的空间；
    所述部分开放的罩壳中的所述驱动器面向所述扬声器前腔；
    所述后腔紧邻所述后输出端口；
    所述后输出端口在与所述后腔紧邻的侧壁不同的侧壁上设置有声阻元件。
  8.  根据权利要求1所述的扬声器组件，还包括扬声器外壳，所述扬声器外壳被配置为容纳所述至少一个扬声器驱动器； 
    其中，所述至少两个输出端口包括连接到所述扬声器外壳的两个输出端口。
  9.  根据权利要求1所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括以下部件中的至少一个或组合：
    具有全向极性图案的宽带或低频扬声器；以及 
    具有心形、偶极或其它定向极性图案或具有全向极性图案的宽带或高频扬声器。
  10.  根据权利要求1所述的扬声器组件，其中，所述扬声器组件包括扬声器外壳、布置在所述扬声器外壳中的两个全向扬声器单元、以及连接到所述扬声器外壳的两个输出端口；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的全向扬声器单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的心形扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口和第三输出端口；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的宽带扬声器单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的高频扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口，并且所述第一输出端口和所述第二输出端口面向相同的方向；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的宽带扬声器单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的高频扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口，并且所述第一输出端口和所述第二输出端口面向不同的方向；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的第一全向单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的偶极扬声器单元、连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口和第三输出端口、第三扬声器外壳、布置在所述第三扬声器外壳中的第二全向单元、以及连接到所述第三扬声器外壳的第四输出端口，所述第一扬声器外壳与所述第三扬声器外壳布置在所述第二扬声器外壳的两侧，并且所有所述输出端口面向同一方向，并且围绕共同中心点对称布置；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的全向单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口和第二输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的偶极扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第三输出端口和第四输出端口，所有所述输出端口面向同一方向，并且所述第一输出端口和所述第二输出端口相对于所述全向扬声器单元对称布置。
  11.  一种手持装置，包括：
    装置外壳；以及
    扬声器组件，所述扬声器组件布置在所述装置外壳中；
    其中，所述扬声器组件包括：
    至少一个扬声器驱动器；和
    至少两个输出端口；
    其中，所述至少一个扬声器驱动器和所述至少两个输出端口被配置为使得所述扬声器组件在期望的频率范围内具有定向极性图案。
  12.  根据权利要求11所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括以下部件中的至少一个或组合：
    第一类型的扬声器单元，所述第一类型的扬声器单元具有密封罩壳和布置在所述密封罩壳中的驱动器； 
    第二类型的扬声器单元，所述第二类型的扬声器单元具有部分开放的罩壳和布置在所述部分开放的罩壳中的驱动器；以及
    第三类型的扬声器单元，所述第三类型的扬声器单元具有带开放挡板的驱动器或在两侧上具有声学上相等的空腔端口的驱动器。
  13.  根据权利要求12所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元、两个音频信号放大器和延迟器； 
    其中，所述第一类型的两个扬声器单元具有相反的相位，并且被馈送以单独的信号；所述单独信号中的一个通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的一个和所述延迟器处理源信号来获得，并且所述单独信号中的另一个通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的另一个处理所述源信号来获得。
  14.  根据权利要求12所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括所述第二类型的扬声器单元、音频信号放大器和滤声器； 
    其中，所述滤声器被配置为调整来自所述第二类型的扬声器单元的两侧的声输出；
    其中，所述第二类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用所述音频信号放大器处理源信号获得的信号。
  15.  根据权利要求12所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括所述第一类型的扬声器单元、所述第三类型的扬声器单元、两个音频信号放大器和均衡器； 
    其中，所述第一类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的一个处理源信号获得的信号，并且所述第三类型的扬声器单元被馈送以通过利用所述两个音频信号放大器中的另一个和所述均衡器处理所述源信号获得的信号。
  16.  根据权利要求12所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元、两个扬声器前腔和两个输出端口；
    所述两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元中的每一个都具有后腔，所述后腔是所述密封罩壳中未被所述驱动器占据的空间； 
    两个后腔彼此紧邻；
    所述两个扬声器前腔布置在所述两个所述第一类型的扬声器单元的两侧，所述两个输出端口分别连接至所述两个扬声器前腔。
  17.  根据权利要求12所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括所述第二类型的扬声器单元、扬声器前腔、前输出端口和后输出端口；
    所述第二类型的所述扬声器单元具有后腔，所述后腔是在所述部分开放的罩壳中未被所述驱动器占据的空间；
    所述部分开放的罩壳中的所述驱动器面向所述扬声器前腔；
    所述后腔紧邻所述后输出端口；
    所述后输出端口在与所述后腔紧邻的侧壁不同的侧壁上设置有声阻元件。
  18.  根据权利要求11所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件还包括：
    扬声器外壳，所述扬声器外壳被配置为容纳所述至少一个扬声器驱动器；以及
    两个输出端口，所述两个输出端口连接到所述扬声器外壳。
  19.  根据权利要求11所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括以下部件中的至少一个或组合：
    具有全向极性图案的宽带或低频扬声器；以及 
    具有心形、偶极或其它定向极性图案或具有全向极性图案的宽带或高频扬声器。
  20.  根据权利要求11所述的手持装置，其中，所述扬声器组件包括扬声器外壳、布置在所述扬声器外壳中的两个全向扬声器单元、以及连接到所述扬声器外壳的两个输出端口；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的全向扬声器单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的心形扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口和第三输出端口；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的宽带扬声器单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的高频扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口，并且所述第一输出端口和所述第二输出端口面向相同的方向；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的宽带扬声器单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的高频扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口，并且所述第一输出端口和所述第二输出端口面向不同的方向；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的第一全向单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的偶极扬声器单元、连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第二输出端口和第三输出端口、第三扬声器外壳、布置在所述第三扬声器外壳中的第二全向单元、以及连接到所述第三扬声器外壳的第四输出端口，所述第一扬声器外壳与所述第三扬声器外壳布置在所述第二扬声器外壳的两侧，并且所有所述输出端口面向同一方向，并且围绕共同中心点对称布置；
    或
    所述扬声器组件包括第一扬声器外壳、布置在所述第一扬声器外壳中的全向单元、连接到所述第一扬声器外壳的第一输出端口和第二输出端口、第二扬声器外壳、布置在所述第二扬声器外壳中的偶极扬声器单元、以及连接到所述第二扬声器外壳的第三输出端口和第四输出端口，所有所述输出端口面向同一方向，并且所述第一输出端口和所述第二输出端口相对于所述全向扬声器单元对称布置。
PCT/CN2023/106739 2023-01-09 2023-07-11 扬声器组件和手持装置 Ceased WO2024148784A1 (zh)

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