WO2024128826A1 - Operation method related to relay selection or reselection based on qos in wireless communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

An embodiment relates to an operation method of a first UE related to relay user equipment (UE) selection in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: selecting, by the first UE, a relay UE from among one or more candidate relay UEs; establishing, by the first UE, a PC5 link with the selected relay UE on the basis of absence of the PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and transmitting, by the first UE, a message through the relay UE, wherein the selection of the relay UE is based on a quality of service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.

Description

Operation method related to relay selection or reselection based on QOS in a wireless communication system

The following description is about a wireless communication system, and more specifically, an operating method and device related to selecting/reselecting a relay UE based on Quality of Service (QoS) in a UE-to-UE relay or UE to network relay. am.

In wireless communication systems, various RATs (Radio Access Technologies) such as LTE, LTE-A, and WiFi are used, and 5G is also included. The three key requirements areas for 5G are (1) Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) area, (2) Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) area, and (3) Ultra-Reliable and Includes the area of ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). Some use cases may require multiple areas for optimization, while others may focus on just one Key Performance Indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases in a flexible and reliable way.

eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile Internet access and covers rich interactive tasks, media and entertainment applications in the cloud or augmented reality. Data is one of the key drivers of 5G, and we may not see dedicated voice services for the first time in the 5G era. In 5G, voice is expected to be processed simply as an application using the data connection provided by the communication system. The main reasons for the increased traffic volume are the increase in content size and the number of applications requiring high data rates. Streaming services (audio and video), interactive video and mobile Internet connections will become more prevalent as more devices are connected to the Internet. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing mobile communication platforms, and this can apply to both work and entertainment. And cloud storage is a particular use case driving growth in uplink data rates. 5G will also be used for remote work in the cloud and will require much lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience when tactile interfaces are used. Entertainment, for example, cloud gaming and video streaming are other key factors driving increased demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets anywhere, including high mobility environments such as trains, cars and planes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information retrieval. Here, augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous amounts of data.

Additionally, one of the most anticipated 5G use cases concerns the ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors in any field, or mMTC. By 2020, the number of potential IoT devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion. Industrial IoT is one area where 5G will play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture and security infrastructure.

URLLC includes new services that will transform industries through ultra-reliable/available low-latency links, such as remote control of critical infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. Levels of reliability and latency are essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.

Next, we look at a number of usage examples in more detail.

5G can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS) as a means of delivering streams rated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second. These high speeds are required to deliver TV at resolutions above 4K (6K, 8K and beyond) as well as virtual and augmented reality. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications include nearly immersive sporting events. Certain applications may require special network settings. For example, in the case of VR games, gaming companies may need to integrate core servers with a network operator's edge network servers to minimize latency.

Automotive is expected to be an important new driver for 5G, with many use cases for mobile communications for vehicles. For example, entertainment for passengers requires simultaneous, high capacity and high mobility mobile broadband. That's because future users will continue to expect high-quality connections regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is augmented reality dashboards. It identifies objects in the dark and superimposes information telling the driver about the object's distance and movement on top of what the driver is seeing through the front window. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between cars and other connected devices (eg, devices accompanied by pedestrians). Safety systems can reduce the risk of accidents by guiding drivers through alternative courses of action to help them drive safer. The next step will be remotely controlled or self-driven vehicles. This requires highly reliable and very fast communication between different self-driving vehicles and between cars and infrastructure. In the future, self-driving vehicles will perform all driving activities, leaving drivers to focus only on traffic abnormalities that the vehicles themselves cannot discern. The technical requirements of self-driving vehicles call for ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, increasing traffic safety to levels unachievable by humans.

Smart cities and smart homes, referred to as smart societies, will be embedded with high-density wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost-effective and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or home. A similar setup can be done for each household. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms and home appliances are all connected wirelessly. Many of these sensors typically have low data rates, low power, and low cost. However, real-time HD video may be required in certain types of devices for surveillance, for example.

Consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gas, is highly decentralized, requiring automated control of distributed sensor networks. A smart grid interconnects these sensors using digital information and communications technologies to collect and act on information. This information can include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, allowing smart grids to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, sustainability of production and distribution of fuels such as electricity in an automated manner. Smart grid can also be viewed as another low-latency sensor network.

The health sector has many applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Communications systems can support telemedicine, providing clinical care in remote locations. This can help reduce the barrier of distance and improve access to health services that are consistently unavailable in remote rural areas. It is also used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Mobile communication-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this requires that wireless connections operate with similar latency, reliability and capacity as cables, and that their management be simplified. Low latency and very low error probability are new requirements needed for 5G connectivity.

Logistics and freight tracking are important examples of mobile communications that enable inventory and tracking of packages anywhere using location-based information systems. Use cases in logistics and cargo tracking typically require low data rates but require wide range and reliable location information.

A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (eg, bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and single carrier frequency (SC-FDMA) systems. division multiple access) system, MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) system, etc.

Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method that establishes a direct link between terminals (User Equipment, UE) and directly exchanges voice or data between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is being considered as a way to solve the burden on base stations due to rapidly increasing data traffic.

V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and objects with built infrastructure through wired/wireless communication. V2X can be divided into four types: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P). V2X communication may be provided through the PC5 interface and/or the Uu interface.

Meanwhile, as more communication devices require larger communication capacity, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems that take into account services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed, including improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC (Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication). The next-generation wireless access technology that takes these into consideration may be referred to as new radio access technology (RAT) or new radio (NR). V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication may also be supported in NR.

Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

Regarding V2X communication, in RAT before NR, a method of providing safety service based on V2X messages such as BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message) This was mainly discussed. V2X messages may include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal may transmit a periodic message type CAM and/or an event triggered message type DENM to another terminal.

For example, CAM may include basic vehicle information such as vehicle dynamic state information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, route history, etc. For example, the terminal may broadcast CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100ms. For example, when an unexpected situation such as a vehicle breakdown or accident occurs, the terminal can generate a DENM and transmit it to another terminal. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal can receive CAM and/or DENM. In this case, DENM may have higher priority than CAM.

Since then, with regard to V2X communication, various V2X scenarios have been presented in NR. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, etc.

For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles belonging to the group may receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles belonging to the group may use periodic data to reduce or widen the gap between vehicles.

For example, based on improved driving, vehicles may become semi-automated or fully automated. For example, each vehicle may adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data obtained from local sensors of nearby vehicles and/or nearby logical entities. Additionally, for example, each vehicle may share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

For example, based on extended sensors, raw data or processed data acquired through local sensors, or live video data can be used to collect terminals of vehicles, logical entities, and pedestrians. /or can be interchanged between V2X application servers. Therefore, for example, a vehicle can perceive an environment that is better than what it can sense using its own sensors.

For example, based on remote driving, for people who cannot drive or for remote vehicles located in dangerous environments, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be used to operate or control the remote vehicle. Additionally, for example, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform may be considered for remote driving.

Meanwhile, ways to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, expanded sensors, and remote driving are being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

The present disclosure deals with contents related to an operating method and apparatus related to selecting/reselecting a relay UE based on a threshold value individually set according to QoS.

In one embodiment, a method of operating a first UE related to relay UE (User Equipment) selection in a wireless communication system includes: the first UE selecting a relay UE from among one or more candidate relay UEs; The first UE establishes a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and the first UE transmitting a message through the relay UE, and the selection of the relay UE is based on the Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.

In one embodiment, a first UE involved in relay UE (User Equipment) selection in a wireless communication system includes at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: one or more candidate relay UEs; Select relay UE among; Establishing a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and transmitting a message through the relay UE, wherein selection of the relay UE is based on the Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.

One embodiment provides a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for the first UE. , the operations include: selecting a relay UE among one or more candidate relay UEs; Establishing a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and transmitting a message through the relay UE, wherein selection of the relay UE is based on Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.

The selected relay UE may have a signal strength greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.

The predetermined threshold may be individually set according to the QoS of each message.

The predetermined threshold may be a threshold value for each PFI (PC5 QoS Flow Identifier) or PQI (PC5 QoS Identifier) of the service.

The predetermined threshold may be indicated through a System Information Block (SIB).

The predetermined threshold may be a preset value.

The signal strength may be either SL-RSRP (Sidelink Reference Signals Received Power) or SD-RSRP (Sidelink Discovery Reference Signals Received Power) between the first UE and the relay UE.

The first UE may include a required threshold that can satisfy its QoS requirements when transmitting a discovery message.

The measured signal strength values of the candidate relay UEs may exceed the request threshold included in the discovery message.

The method includes: the first UE transmits a discovery solicitation message; The first UE may further include receiving a discovery response broadcast by one or more candidate relay UEs.

The first UE can establish an end-to-end PC5 link with the second UE.

The first UE can establish an indirect link with the base station through the relay UE.

According to one embodiment, a remote UE can select a relay UE that matches the required QoS of a service it wants to transmit through a U2U relay.

The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the embodiment(s), illustrate various embodiments, and explain the principles along with the description of the specification.

Figure 1 is a diagram for comparing and explaining V2X communication based on RAT before NR and V2X communication based on NR.

Figure 2 shows the structure of an LTE system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 shows a radio protocol architecture for a user plane and a control plane, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 4 shows the structure of an NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 5 shows functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 6 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR to which the embodiment(s) can be applied.

Figure 7 shows the slot structure of an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 8 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 9 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 10 shows a synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 11 shows a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication depending on the transmission mode, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 12 shows a procedure in which a terminal performs path switching, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Figure 13 illustrates direct to indirect path conversion.

Figures 14 and 15 are diagrams for explaining UE-to-UE Relay Selection.

Figures 16 to 18 are diagrams for explaining Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relaying.

Figures 19 and 20 are diagrams for explaining QoS.

Figure 21 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment.

22 to 28 are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment(s) can be applied.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “/” and “,” should be interpreted as indicating “and/or.” For example, “A/B” can mean “A and/or B.” Furthermore, “A, B” may mean “A and/or B.” Furthermore, “A/B/C” may mean “at least one of A, B and/or C.” Furthermore, “A, B, C” may mean “at least one of A, B and/or C.”

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “or” should be interpreted as indicating “and/or.” For example, “A or B” may include “only A,” “only B,” and/or “both A and B.” In other words, “or” should be interpreted as indicating “additionally or alternatively.”

The following technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA). It can be used in various wireless communication systems. CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA may be implemented with wireless technologies such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/general packet radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is a part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC in the uplink. -Adopt FDMA. LTE-A (advanced) is the evolution of 3GPP LTE.

5G NR is a successor technology to LTE-A and is a new clean-slate mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

For clarity of explanation, LTE-A or 5G NR is mainly described, but the technical idea according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Figure 2 shows the structure of an LTE system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. This may be called an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.

Referring to FIG. 2, E-UTRAN includes a base station 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to the terminal 10. The terminal 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may be called by other terms such as MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (Mobile Terminal), and wireless device. . The base station 20 refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal 10, and may be called other terms such as evolved-NodeB (eNB), base transceiver system (BTS), or access point.

Base stations 20 may be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station 20 is connected to an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 30 through the S1 interface, and more specifically, to a Mobility Management Entity (MME) through S1-MME and to a Serving Gateway (S-GW) through S1-U.

The EPC 30 is composed of MME, S-GW, and P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME has information about the terminal's connection information or terminal capabilities, and this information is mainly used for terminal mobility management. S-GW is a gateway with E-UTRAN as an endpoint, and P-GW is a gateway with PDN (Packet Date Network) as an endpoint.

The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between the terminal and the network are based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems: L1 (layer 1), It can be divided into L2 (second layer) and L3 (third layer). Among these, the physical layer belonging to the first layer provides information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in the third layer provides radio resources between the terminal and the network. plays a role in controlling. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

FIG. 3(a) shows a radio protocol architecture for a user plane, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3(b) shows a wireless protocol structure for a control plane, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The user plane is a protocol stack for transmitting user data, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.

Referring to Figures 3(a) and A3, the physical layer provides information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, through a transport channel. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. Transmission channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through the wireless interface.

Data moves between different physical layers, that is, between the physical layers of the transmitter and receiver, through physical channels. The physical channel can be modulated using OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and uses time and frequency as radio resources.

The MAC layer provides services to the radio link control (RLC) layer, an upper layer, through a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Additionally, the MAC layer provides a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Serving Data Units (SDUs). To ensure the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer operates in Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode. It provides three operation modes: , AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by the first layer (physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer) for data transfer between the terminal and the network.

The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include forwarding, header compression, and ciphering of user data. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include forwarding and encryption/integrity protection of control plane data.

Setting an RB means the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel and setting each specific parameter and operation method to provide a specific service. RB can be further divided into SRB (Signaling Radio Bearer) and DRB (Data Radio Bearer). SRB is used as a path to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and DRB is used as a path to transmit user data in the user plane.

If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the UE and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state has been additionally defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can release the connection with the base station while maintaining the connection with the core network.

Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include a BCH (Broadcast Channel) that transmits system information and a downlink SCH (Shared Channel) that transmits user traffic or control messages. In the case of downlink multicast or broadcast service traffic or control messages, they may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include RACH (Random Access Channel), which transmits initial control messages, and uplink SCH (Shared Channel), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

Logical channels located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic). Channel), etc.

A physical channel consists of several OFDM symbols in the time domain and several sub-carriers in the frequency domain. One sub-frame consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit and consists of a plurality of OFDM symbols and a plurality of sub-carriers. Additionally, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the subframe for the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), that is, the L1/L2 control channel. TTI (Transmission Time Interval) is the unit time of subframe transmission.

Figure 4 shows the structure of an NR system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 4, NG-RAN (Next Generation - Radio Access Network) may include a next generation-Node B (gNB) and/or eNB that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to the terminal. . Figure 4 illustrates a case including only gNB. gNB and eNB are connected to each other through the Xn interface. gNB and eNB are connected through the 5G Core Network (5GC) and NG interface. More specifically, it is connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) through the NG-C interface, and to the user plane function (UPF) through the NG-U interface.

Figure 5 shows functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 5, gNB performs inter-cell radio resource management (Inter Cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio admission control, and measurement configuration and provision. Functions such as (Measurement configuration & Provision) and dynamic resource allocation can be provided. AMF can provide functions such as NAS (Non Access Stratum) security and idle state mobility processing. UPF can provide functions such as mobility anchoring and PDU (Protocol Data Unit) processing. SMF (Session Management Function) can provide functions such as terminal IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and PDU session control.

Figure 6 shows the structure of a radio frame of NR to which the embodiment(s) can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 6, NR can use radio frames in uplink and downlink transmission. A wireless frame has a length of 10ms and can be defined as two 5ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame may include five 1ms subframes (Subframe, SF). A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

When normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or DFT-s-OFDM symbol).

Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot (μ) according to the SCS setting (μ) when normal CP is used.

), number of slots per frame (

) and the number of slots per subframe (

) is exemplified.

Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when the extended CP is used.

In the NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (eg, SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells merged into one UE. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or TTI) (for convenience, collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between merged cells. .

In NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs can be supported to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands can be supported, and if SCS is 30kHz/60kHz, dense-urban, lower latency latency) and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For SCS of 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band can be defined as two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The values of the frequency range may be changed, for example, the frequency ranges of the two types may be as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean “sub 6GHz range” and FR2 can mean “above 6GHz range” and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bands can be used for a variety of purposes, for example, for communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

Figure 7 shows the slot structure of an NR frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 7, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of normal CP, one slot may include 14 symbols, but in the case of extended CP, one slot may include 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of normal CP, one slot may include 7 symbols, but in the case of extended CP, one slot may include 6 symbols.

A carrier wave includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as a plurality (eg, 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. BWP (Bandwidth Part) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RB ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to one numerology (e.g. SCS, CP length, etc.) there is. A carrier wave may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through an activated BWP. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped.

Meanwhile, the wireless interface between the terminal and the terminal or the wireless interface between the terminal and the network may be composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the L1 layer may refer to a physical layer. Also, for example, the L2 layer may mean at least one of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and SDAP layer. Also, for example, the L3 layer may mean the RRC layer.

Below, V2X or SL (sidelink) communication will be described.

Figure 8 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 8(a) shows the user plane protocol stack of LTE, and Figure 8(b) shows the control plane protocol stack of LTE.

Figure 9 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, Figure 9(a) shows the user plane protocol stack of NR, and Figure 9(b) shows the control plane protocol stack of NR.

Figure 10 shows a synchronization source or synchronization reference of V2X, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to Figure 10, in V2X, the terminal is directly synchronized to GNSS (global navigation satellite systems), or indirectly synchronized to GNSS through a terminal (within network coverage or outside network coverage) that is directly synchronized to GNSS. You can. If GNSS is set as the synchronization source, the terminal can calculate the DFN and subframe number using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre)set Direct Frame Number (DFN) offset.

Alternatively, the terminal may be synchronized directly to the base station or to another terminal that is time/frequency synchronized to the base station. For example, the base station may be an eNB or gNB. For example, if the terminal is within network coverage, the terminal may receive synchronization information provided by the base station and be directly synchronized to the base station. Afterwards, the terminal can provide synchronization information to other nearby terminals. When the base station timing is set as a synchronization standard, the terminal is connected to a cell associated with that frequency (if within cell coverage at the frequency), primary cell, or serving cell (if outside cell coverage at the frequency) for synchronization and downlink measurements. ) can be followed.

A base station (e.g., serving cell) may provide synchronization settings for the carrier used for V2X or SL communication. In this case, the terminal can follow the synchronization settings received from the base station. If the terminal does not detect any cells in the carrier used for V2X or SL communication and does not receive synchronization settings from the serving cell, the terminal may follow preset synchronization settings.

Alternatively, the terminal may be synchronized to another terminal that has not obtained synchronization information directly or indirectly from the base station or GNSS. Synchronization source and preference can be set in advance to the terminal. Alternatively, the synchronization source and preference can be set through a control message provided by the base station.

SL synchronization source may be associated with a synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between synchronization source and synchronization priority can be defined as Table 5 or Table 6. Table 5 or Table 6 is only an example, and the relationship between synchronization source and synchronization priority can be defined in various forms.

In Table 5 or Table 6, P0 may mean the highest priority, and P6 may mean the lowest priority. In Table 5 or Table 6, the base station may include at least one of a gNB or an eNB.

Whether to use GNSS-based synchronization or base station-based synchronization can be set (in advance). In single-carrier operation, the terminal can derive its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

Hereinafter, the Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SLSS) and synchronization information will be described.

SLSS is a SL-specific sequence and may include Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences can be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences can be used for S-SSS. . For example, the terminal can detect the first signal and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect the synchronization signal ID.

PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that the terminal needs to know first before transmitting and receiving SL signals is transmitted. For example, the basic information includes SLSS-related information, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL/DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink/Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, This may be subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, for evaluation of PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a CRC of 24 bits.

S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL Synchronization Signal (SS)/PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block (S-SSB)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel)/PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth is (pre-set) SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, PSBCH may span 11 RB. And, the frequency position of the S-SSB can be set (in advance). Therefore, the UE does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

Meanwhile, in the NR SL system, multiple numerologies with different SCS and/or CP lengths may be supported. At this time, as the SCS increases, the length of time resources for the transmitting terminal to transmit the S-SSB may become shorter. Accordingly, the coverage of S-SSB may decrease. Therefore, to ensure coverage of the S-SSB, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that the transmitting terminal transmits to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period may be 160ms. For example, for all SCS, an S-SSB transmission period of 160ms can be supported.

For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 30 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, when the SCS is 60 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, or 4 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle.

Figure 11 shows a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication depending on the transmission mode, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the transmission mode may be referred to as a mode or resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the transmission mode in LTE may be referred to as the LTE transmission mode, and the transmission mode in NR may be referred to as the NR resource allocation mode.

For example, Figure 11 (a) shows terminal operations related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. Or, for example, Figure 11 (a) shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

For example, Figure 11 (b) shows terminal operations related to LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Or, for example, Figure 11(b) shows UE operations related to NR resource allocation mode 2.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 11, in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S8000, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and/or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and/or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resource may be a resource for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

For example, the first terminal may receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and/or information related to configured grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, CG resources may include CG Type 1 resources or CG Type 2 resources. In this specification, the DG resource may be a resource that the base station configures/allocates to the first terminal through downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, the CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station configures/allocates to the first terminal through a DCI and/or RRC message. For example, in the case of CG type 1 resources, the base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of CG type 2 resources, the base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may send a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource. It can be transmitted to the first terminal.

In step S8010, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (eg, Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S8020, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S8030, the first terminal may receive the PSFCH related to the PSCCH/PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (eg, NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal through the PSFCH. In step S8040, the first terminal may transmit/report HARQ feedback information to the base station through PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information that the first terminal generates based on HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information that the first terminal generates based on preset rules. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for scheduling of SL. For example, the format of the DCI may be DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1. Table 7 shows an example of DCI for scheduling SL.

Referring to (b) of FIG. 11, in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine the SL transmission resource within the SL resource set by the base station/network or within the preset SL resource. there is. For example, the set SL resource or preset SL resource may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can self-select a resource within a set resource pool and perform SL communication. For example, the terminal may perform sensing and resource (re)selection procedures to select resources on its own within the selection window. For example, the sensing may be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S8010, the first terminal that has selected a resource within the resource pool may transmit a PSCCH (eg, Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal using the resource. In step S8020, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S8030, the first terminal may receive the PSFCH related to the PSCCH/PSSCH from the second terminal.

Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 11, for example, the first terminal may transmit an SCI to the second terminal on the PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (eg, 2-stage SCI) on the PSCCH and/or PSSCH to the second terminal. In this case, the second terminal can decode two consecutive SCIs (eg, 2-stage SCI) to receive PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, the SCI transmitted on the PSCCH may be referred to as 1st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st-stage SCI, or 1st-stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH may be referred to as 2nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2nd-stage SCI, or It can be called the 2nd-stage SCI format. For example, the 1st-stage SCI format may include SCI format 1-A, and the 2nd-stage SCI format may include SCI format 2-A and/or SCI format 2-B. Table 8 shows an example of the 1st-stage SCI format.

Table 9 shows an example of the 2nd-stage SCI format.

Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 11, in step S8030, the first terminal can receive PSFCH based on Table 10. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources based on Table 10, and the second terminal may transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal using the PSFCH resource.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 11, in step S8040, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station through PUCCH and/or PUSCH, based on Table 11.

Meanwhile, Table 12 below shows disclosure related to selection and reselection of sidelink relay UE in 3GPP TS 36.331. The disclosure content in Table 12 is used as the prior art of this disclosure, and related necessary details refer to 3GPP TS 36.331.

Figure 12 shows the connection management captured in the TR document (3GPP TR 38.836) related to Rel-17 NR SL and the procedure for path switching from direct to indirect. The remote UE needs to establish its own PDU session/DRB with the network before user plane data transmission.

The PC5-RRC aspect of Rel-16 NR V2X's PC5 unicast link setup procedure involves L2 UE-to-Network relaying between the remote UE and the relay UE before the remote UE establishes a Uu RRC connection with the network through the relay UE. It can be reused to establish a secure unicast link.

For both in-coverage and out-of-coverage, when the remote UE initiates the first RRC message for connection establishment with the gNB, the PC5 L2 configuration for transmission between the remote UE and the UE-to-Network Relay UE is defined in the standard. It can be based on the RLC/MAC configuration. Establishment of Uu SRB1/SRB2 and DRB of remote UE follows the legacy Uu configuration procedure for L2 UE-to-Network Relay.

The high-level connection establishment procedure shown in Figure 12 applies to L2 UE-to-Network Relay.

In step S1200, the Remote and Relay UE can perform a discovery procedure and establish a PC5-RRC connection in step S1201 based on the existing Rel-16 procedure.

In step S1202, the remote UE may transmit the first RRC message (i.e., RRCSetupRequest) for connection establishment with the gNB through the Relay UE using the basic L2 configuration of PC5. The gNB responds to the remote UE with an RRCSetup message (S1203). RRCSetup delivery to the remote UE uses the default configuration of PC5. If the Relay UE has not started in RRC_CONNECTED, it must perform its own connection setup upon receiving a message about PC5's default L2 configuration. At this stage, details for the relay UE to deliver the RRCSetupRequest/RRCSetup message to the remote UE can be discussed in the WI stage.

In step S1204, gNB and Relay UE perform a relay channel setup procedure through Uu. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the Relay/Remote UE sets up an RLC channel to relay SRB1 to the remote UE through PC5. This step prepares the relay channel for SRB1.

In step S1205, a remote UE SRB1 message (e.g., RRCSetupComplete message) is transmitted to the gNB via the relay UE using the SRB1 relay channel via PC5. And the remote UE is connected to RRC through Uu.

In step S1206, the remote UE and gNB set security according to the legacy procedure and the security message is delivered through the relay UE.

In step S1210, the gNB sets up an additional RLC channel between the gNB and the Relay UE for traffic relay. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the Relay/Remote UE sets up an additional RLC channel between the Remote UE and Relay UE for traffic relay. gNB sends RRCReconfiguration to the remote UE through the relay UE to configure relay SRB2/DRB. The remote UE sends RRCReconfigurationComplete as a response to the gNB through the Relay UE.

For L2 UE-to-Network relay, in addition to the connection setup procedure:

- The RRC reconfiguration and RRC disconnection procedures can reuse legacy RRC procedures with the message content/configuration design left to the WI stage.

- RRC connection reset and RRC connection resumption procedures can reuse existing RRC procedures as a baseline by considering the connection establishment procedure of the above L2 UE-to-Network Relay to handle relay-specific parts along with message content/configuration design. there is. Message content/configuration may be defined later.

Figure 13 illustrates direct to indirect path conversion. For service continuity of L2 UE-to-Network Relay, the procedure in FIG. 13 can be used when a remote UE switches to an indirect relay UE.

Referring to FIG. 13, in step S1301, the remote UE measures/discovers a candidate relay UE and then reports one or several candidate relay UEs. Remote UEs can filter out appropriate relay UEs that meet higher layer criteria when reporting. The report may include the relay UE's ID and SL RSRP information, where details regarding PC5 measurements may be determined later.

In step S1302, the gNB decides to switch to the target relay UE and the target (re)configuration is optionally sent to the relay UE.

In step S1304, the RRC reconfiguration message for the remote UE may include the ID of the target relay UE, target Uu, and PC5 configuration.

In step S1305, the remote UE establishes a PC5 connection with the target relay UE if the connection has not yet been established.

In step S1306, the remote UE feeds back RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the target path using the target configuration provided in RRCReconfiguration.

In step S1307, the data path is switched.

Tables 13 to 16 are 3GPP technical reports related to UE-to-UE Relay Selection and are used as prior art in the present disclosure. In Table 14, Fig. 14, Fig. 16 in Table 16. 15 corresponds to Figures 14 and 15, respectively.

6.8 Solution #8: UE-to-UE Relay Selection Without Relay Discovery 6.8.1 Description When a source UE wants to communicate with a target UE, it will first try to find the target UE by either sending a Direct Communication Request or a Solicitation message with the target UE info. If the source UE cannot reach the target UE directly, it will try to discover a UE-to-UE relay to reach the target UE which may also trigger the relay to discover the target UE. To be more efficient, this solution tries to integrate target UE discovery and UE-to-UE relay discovery and selection together, including two alternatives: - Alternative 1: UE-to-UE relay discovery and selection can be integrated into the unicast link establishment procedure as described in clause 6.3.3 of TS 23.287 [5]. - Alternative 2: UE-to-UE relay discovery and selection is integrated into Model B direct discovery procedure. A new field is proposed to be added in the Direct Communication Request or the Solicitation message to indicate whether relays can be used in the communication. The field can be called relay_indication. When a UE wants to broadcast a Direct Communication Request or a Solicitation message, it indicates in the message whether a UE-to-UE relay could be used. For Release 17, it is assumed that the value of the indication is restricted to single hop. When a UE-to-UE relay receives a Direct Communication Request or a Solicitation message with the relay_indication set, then it shall decide whether to forward the message (ie modify the message and broadcast it in its proximity), according to eg Relay Service Code if there is any, Application ID, authorization policy (eg relay for specific ProSe Service), the current traffic load of the relay, the radio conditions between the source UE and the relay UE, etc. It may exist a situation where multiple UE-to-UE relays can be used to reach the target UE or the target UE may also directly receive the Direct Communication Request or Solicitation message from the source UE. The target UE may choose which one to reply according to eg signal strength, local policy (eg traffic load of the UE-to-UE relays), Relay Service Code if there is any or operator policies (eg always prefer direct communication or only use some specific UE-to-UE relays). The source UE may receive the responses from multiple UE-to-UE relays and may also from the target UE directly, the source UE chooses the communication path according to eg signal strength or operator policies (eg always prefer direct communication or only use some specific UE-to-UE relays).

6.8.2 Procedures 6.8.2.1 UE-to-UE relay discovery and selection is integrated into the unicast link establishment procedure (Alternative 1) Fig 14 illustrates the procedure of the proposed method. 0. UEs are authorized to use the service provided by the UE-to-UE relays. UE-to-UE relays are authorized to provide service of relaying traffic among UEs. The authorization and the parameter provisioning can use solutions for KI#8, eg Sol#36. The authorization can be done when UEs/relays are registered to the network. Security related parameters may be provisioned so that a UE and a relay can verify the authorization with each other if needed. 1. UE-1 wants to establish unicast communication with UE-2 and the communication can be either through direct link with UE-2 or via a UE-to-UE relay. Then UE-1 broadcasts Direct Communication Request with relay_indication enabled. The message will be received by relay-1, relay-2. The message may also be received by UE-2 if it is in the proximity of UE-1. UE-1 includes source UE info, target UE info, Application ID, as well as Relay Service Code if there is any. If UE-1 does not want relay to be involved in the communication, then it will made relay_indication disabled. NOTE 1: The data type of relay_indication can be determined in Stage 3. Details of Direct Communication Request/Accept messages will be determined in stage 3. 2. Relay-1 and relay-2 decide to participate in the procedure. They broadcast a new Direct Communication Request message in their proximity without relay_indication enabled. If a relay receives this message, it will just drop it. When a relay broadcasts the Direct Communication Request message, it includes source UE info, target UE info and Relay UE info (eg Relay UE ID) in the message and use Relay's L2 address as the source Layer-2 ID. The Relay maintains association between the source UE information (eg source UE L2 ID) and the new Direct Communication Request. 3. UE-2 receives the Direct Communication Requests from relay-1 and relay-2. UE-2 may also receive Direct Communication Request message directly from the UE-1 if the UE-2 is in the communication range of UE-1. 4. UE-2 chooses relay-1 and replies with Direct Communication Accept message. If UE-2 directly receives the Direct Communication Request from UE-1, it may choose to setup a direct communication link by sending the Direct Communication Accept message directly to UE-1. After receiving Direct Communication Accept, a UE-to-UE relay retrieves the source UE information stored in step 2 and sends the Direct Communication Accept message to the source UE with its Relay UE info added in the message.

After step 4, UE-1 and UE-2 have respectively setup the PC5 links with the chosen UE-to-UE relay. NOTE 2: The security establishment between the UE1 and Relay-1, and between Relay-1 and UE-2 are performed before the Relay-1 and UE-2 send Direct Communication Accept message. Details of the authentication/security establishment procedure are determined by SA WG3. The security establishment procedure can be skipped if there already exists a PC5 link between the source (or target) UE and the relay which can be used for relaying the traffic. 5. UE-1 receives the Direct Communication Accept message from relay-1. UE-1 chooses path according to eg policies (eg always choose direct path if it is possible), signal strength, etc. If UE-1 receives Direct Communication Accept / Response message request accept directly from UE-2, it may choose to setup a direct PC5 L2 link with UE-2 as described in clause 6.3.3 of TS 23.287 [5], then step 6 is skipped. 6a. For the L3 UE-to-UE Relay case, UE-1 and UE-2 finish setting up the communication link via the chosen UE-to-UE relay. The link setup information may vary depending on the type of relay, eg L2 or L3 relaying. Then UE-1 and UE-2 can communicate via the relay. Regarding IP address allocation for the source/remote UE, the addresses can be either assigned by the relay or by the UE itself (eg link-local IP address) as defined in clause 6.3.3 of TS 23.287 [5]. 6b. For the Layer 2 UE-to-UE Relay case, the source and target UE can setup an end-to-end PC5 link via the relay. UE-1 sends a unicast E2E Direct Communication Request message to UE-2 via the Relay-1, and UE-2 responds with a unicast E2E Direct Communication Accept message to UE-1 via the Relay-1. Relay-1 transfers the messages based on the identity information of UE-1/UE-2 in the Adaptation Layer. NOTE 3: How Relay-1 can transfer the messages based on the identity information of UE-1/UE-2 in the Adaptation Layer requires cooperation with RAN2 during the normative phase. NOTE 4: In order to make a relay or path selection, the source UE can setup a timer after sending out the Direct Communication Request for collecting the corresponding response messages before making a decision. Similarly, the target UE can also setup a timer after receiving the first copy of the Direct Communication Request / message for collecting multiple copies of the message from different paths before making a decision. NOTE 5: In the first time when a UE receives a message from a UE-to-UE relay, the UE needs to verify if the relay is authorized to be a UE-to-UE relay. Similarly, the UE-to-UE relay may also need to verify if the UE is authorized to use the relay service. The verification details and the how to secure the communication between two UEs through a UE-to-UE relay is to be defined by SA WG3.

6.8.2.2 UE-to-UE relay discovery and selection is integrated into Model B direct discovery procedure (Alternative 2) Depicted in Fig 15 is the procedure for UE-UE Relay discovery Model B, and the discovery/selection procedure is separated from hop by hop and end-to-end link establishment. 1. UE-1 broadcasts discovery solicitation message carrying UE-1 info, target UE info (UE-2), Application ID, Relay Service Code if any, the UE-1 can also indicate relay_indication enabled. 2. On reception of discovery solicitation, the candidate Relay UE-R broadcasts discovery solicitation carrying UE-1 info, UE-R info, Target UE info. The Relay UE-R uses Relay's L2 address as the source Layer-2 ID. 3. The target UE-2 responds the discovery message. If the UE-2 receives discovery solicitation message in step 1, then UE-2 responds discovery response in step 3b with UE-1 info, UE-2 info. If not and UE-2 receives discovery solicitation in step 2, then UE-2 responds discovery response message in step 3a with UE-1 info, UE-R info, UE-2 info. 4. On reception of discovery response in step 3a, UE-R sends discovery response with UE-1 info, UE-R info, UE-2 info. If more than one candidate Relay UEs responding discovery response message, UE-1 can select one Relay UE based on eg implementation or link qualification. 5. The source and target UE may need to setup PC5 links with the relay before communicating with each other. Step 5a can be skipped if there already exists a PC5 link between the UE-1 and UE-R which can be used for relaying. Step 5b can be skipped if there already exists a PC5 link between the UE-2 and UE-R which can be used for relaying. 6a. Same as step 6a described in clause 6.8.2.1. 6b. For the Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relay, the E2E unicast Direct Communication Request message is sent from UE1 to the selected Relay via the per-hop link (established in steps 5a) and the Adaptation layer info identifying the peer UE (UE3 ) as the destination. The UE-to-UE Relay transfers the E2E messages based on the identity information of peer UE in the Adaptation Layer. The initiator (UE1) knows the Adaptation layer info identifying the peer UE (UE3) after a discovery procedure. UE3 responds with E2E unicast Direct Communication Accept message in the same way. NOTE 1: For the Layer 2 UE-to-UE Relay case, whether step5b is performed before step 6b or triggered during step 6b will be decided at normative phase. NOTE 2: How Relay-1 can transfer the messages based on the identity information of UE-1/UE-2 in the Adaptation Layer requires cooperation with RAN2 during the normative phase. 6.8.3 Impacts on services, entities and interfaces UE impacts to support new Relay related functions.

Table 17 is a 3GPP 23.700-33 document related to Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relaying and is used as prior art for the present disclosure. In Table 17, Figure 6.30.2.1.1-1, Figure 6.30.2.1.2-1, and Figure 6.30.2.1.2-1 correspond to Figures 17, 18, and 19, respectively.

6.30 Solution #30: Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relaying 6.30.1 Description The solution applies to Key Issue #1 "Support of UE-to-UE Relay", and is used for Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relay. The solution proposes the procedure of Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relay discovery and connection establishment. 6.30.2 Procedures 6.30.2.1 Procedures for UE-to-UE Relay discovery 6.30.2.1.1 Procedure for UE-to-UE Relay discovery with Model A Depicted in figure 6.30.2.1.1-1 is the procedure for UE-to-UE Relay discovery with Model A. 1. The UE-to-UE Relay has discovered other UEs in proximity via the direct discovery or direct communication procedures. 2. The UE-to-UE Relay sends an Announcement message. The Announcement message may include the Type of Discovery Message, User Info ID of the UE-to-UE Relay, RSC, and User Info ID of the proximity UEs. The Source Layer-2 ID of the Announcement message is self-assigned by the UE-to-UE Relay, and the Destination Layer-2 ID is selected based on the ProSe policy. 6.30.2.1.2 Procedure for UE-to-UE Relay discovery with Model B Depicted in figure 6.30.2.1.2-1 is the procedure for UE-to-UE Relay discovery with Model B. 1. The Source UE broadcasts a Solicitation message. The Solicitation message may include the Type of Discovery Message, User Info ID of Source UE, User Info ID of Target UE, and RSC. The Source Layer-2 ID of the Announcement message is self-assigned by the Source UE, and the Destination Layer-2 ID is selected based on the ProSe policy. 2. On reception of the Solicitation message, a candidate UE-to-UE Relay (eg, UE-to-UE Relay 1 and UE-to-UE Relay 2) broadcasts a Solicitation message carrying the User Info ID of Source UE, User Info ID of Target UE, User Info ID of the UE-to-UE Relay, and the RSC. The Source Layer-2 ID of the Announcement message is self-assigned by the candidate UE-to-UE Relay, and the Destination Layer-2 ID is selected based on the ProSe policy. 3. The Target UE chooses UE-to-UE Relay 1 from the candidate UE-to-UE Relays based on, eg signal strength. The Target UE responds to UE-to-UE Relay 1. 4. UE-to-UE Relay 1 responds to the Source UE. 6.30.2.2 Procedures for Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relay connection establishment Depicted in figure 6.30.2.2-1 is the procedure for Layer-2 UE-to-UE Relay connection establishment. 1. Service authorisation and policy provisioning is performed for the Source UE, Target UE and UE-to-UE Relay as described in the solutions for KI#6. 2. UE-to-UE Relay discovery is performed as described in clause 6.30.2.1. 3. The Source UE and Target UE may need to setup or modify the PC5 link with UE-to-UE Relay. If there is no PC5 link between the Source UE and the UE-to-UE Relay that can be used for relaying, eg based on RSC, then a new PC5 link needs to be setup in step 3a by the Source UE, otherwise the existing link can be modified by the Source UE to support communication between the Source and Target UEs. User Info ID of Target UE is included in the Direct Communication Request message or Link Modification Request message. The Target User Info for the Target UE is obtained from the discovery procedure performed in step 2. If there is no PC5 link between the UE-to-UE Relay and the Target UE that can be used for relaying, eg based on RSC, then a new PC5 link needs to be setup in step 3b by the UE-to-UE Relay , otherwise the existing link can be modified by the UE-to-UE Relay to support communication between the Source and Target UEs. If a new PC5 link needs to be setup in either step 3a or step 3b the destination Layer-2 ID may be broadcast or unicast Layer-2 ID and the Source Layer-2 ID is self-assigned by the Source UE or the UE- to-UE Relay. When a unicast destination Layer-2 ID is used, it is obtained during the discovery procedure performed in step 2. NOTE 1: RAN coordination on support of per-hop PC5 link sharing between the Source UE and UE-to-UE Relay, and UE-to-UE Relay and Target UE is needed. 4. The Source UE sends a Direct Communication Request message to initiate the unicast Layer-2 link establishment procedure with the Target UE. The Direct Communication Request message includes User Info ID of Source UE, User Info ID of Target UE, QoS Info (PFI and PC5 QoS parameters) and RSC. The Direct Communication Request message is sent over the PC5 link with the UE-to-UE Relay. The Source Layer-2 ID and the Destination Layer-2 ID of the PC5 link setup or modified in step 3a are used. The UE-to-UE Relay forwards the Direct Communication Request message towards the Target UE, and the Direct Communication Request message is sent over the PC5 link with the Target UE. The Source Layer-2 ID and the Destination Layer-2 ID of the PC5 link setup or modified in step 3b are used. 5. The Target UE triggers the security procedure with Source UE. 6. The Target UE sends a Direct Communication Accept message to the Source UE. The Direct Communication Accept message includes User Info ID of Source UE, User Info ID of Target UE, QoS Info (PFI and PC5 QoS parameters) and RSC. NOTE 2: RAN WGs will define how the E2E QoS will be handled and split over the PC5 links. 7. The end-to-end QoS flow is established between Source UE and Target UE. The data is transferred between the Source UE and the Target UE via the UE-to-UE Relay. Editor's note: How the PC5-S messages in steps 4-6 and the data in step 7 are forwarded by the UE-to-UE Relay is to be determined by RAN2, such as based on an Adaptation layer.

The following Table 18 is ‘New Rel-18 WID on NR sidelink relay enhancements’ and corresponds to the prior art of this disclosure.

1. Specify mechanisms to support single-hop Layer-2 and Layer-3 UE-to-UE relay (ie, source UE -> relay UE -> destination UE) for unicast [RAN2, RAN3, RAN4]. A. Common part for Layer-2 and Layer-3 relay to be prioritized until RAN#98 i. Relay discovery and (re)selection [RAN2, RAN4] ii. Signalling support for Relay and remote UE authorization if SA2 concludes it is needed [RAN3] B. Layer-2 relay specific part i. UE-to-UE relay adaptation layer design [RAN2] ii. Control plane procedures [RAN2] iii. QoS handling if needed, subject to SA2 progress [RAN2] Note 1A: This work should take into account the forward compatibility for supporting more than one hop in a later release. Note 1B: A remote UE is connected to only a single relay UE at a given time for a given destination UE.

The following Tables 19 to 21 are 3GPP 23.287 documents for QoS handling and are used as prior art for this disclosure. In Tables 19 to 21, Figure 5.4.1.1.1-1 corresponds to Figure 19, and Figure 5.4.1.1.3-1 corresponds to Figure 20.

5.4 QoS handling for V2X communication 5.4.1 QoS handling for V2X communication over PC5 reference point 5.4.1.1 QoS model 5.4.1.1.1 General overview For LTE based PC5, the QoS handling is defined in TS 23.285 [8], based on ProSe Per-Packet Priority (PPPP) and ProSe Per-Packet Reliability (PPPR). For NR based PC5, a QoS model similar to that defined in TS 23.501 [6] for Uu reference point is used, ie based on 5QIs, with additional parameter of Range as described in clauses 5.4.2, 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 . For the V2X communication over NR based PC5 reference point, a PC5 QoS Flow is associated with a PC5 QoS Rule and the PC5 QoS parameters as defined in clause 5.4.2. A set of standardized PC5 5QIs (PQI) are defined in clause 5.4.4. The UE may be configured with a set of default PC5 QoS parameters to use for the V2X service types, as defined in clause 5.1.2.1. For NR based unicast, groupcast and broadcast mode communication over PC5, Per-flow QoS model for PC5 QoS management shall be applied. Figure 5.4.1.1.1-1 illustrates an example mapping of Per-flow QoS model for NR PC5. Details of PC5 QoS Rules and PFI related operations are described in clauses 5.4.1.1.2 and 5.4.1.1.3. The following principles apply when the V2X communication is carried over PC5 reference point: - Application layer may set the V2X Application Requirements for the V2X communication, using either TS 23.285 [8] defined PPPP and PPPR model or the PQI and Range model as described in clause 5.4.4. Depending on the type of PC5 reference point, ie LTE based or NR based, selected for the transmission, the UE may map the application layer provided V2X Application Requirements to the suitable QoS parameters to be passed to the lower layer. The mapping between the two QoS models is defined in clause 5.4.2. For V2X communication over NR based PC5, different V2X packets may require different QoS treatments. In that case, the V2X packets shall be sent from the V2X layer to the Access Stratum layer within PC5 QoS Flows identified by different PFIs. - When groupcast mode of V2X communication over NR based PC5 is used, a Range parameter is associated with the QoS parameters for the V2X communication. The Range may be provided by V2X application layer or use a default value mapped from the V2X service type based on configuration as defined in clause 5.1.2.1. The Range indicates the minimum distance that the QoS parameters need to be fulfilled. The Range parameter is passed to AS layer together with the QoS parameters for dynamic control. - NR based PC5 supports three communication modes, ie broadcast, groupcast, and unicast. The QoS handling of these different modes are described in clauses 5.4.1.2 to 5.4.1.4. - The UE may handle traffic using broadcast, groupcast, and unicast mode communication by taking all their priorities, eg indicated by PQIs, into account as described in clause 5.4.3.3. - For broadcast and groupcast modes of V2X communication over NR based PC5, standardized PQI values are applied by the UE, as there is no signaling over PC5 reference point for these cases. - When network scheduled operation mode is used, the UE-PC5-AMBR for NR based PC5 applies to all types of communication modes, and is used by NG-RAN for capping the UE's NR based PC5 transmission in the resources management. The UE-PC5-AMBR shall be set to the sum of the aggregate maximum bit rate of all types of communication (ie unicast, groupcast and broadcast modes) over PC5 reference point.

5.4.1.1.2 Deriving PC5 QoS parameters and assigning PFI for PC5 QoS Flow The following description applies to for both network scheduled operation mode and UE autonomous resources selection mode. When a service data packet or request from the V2X application layer is received, the UE determines if there is any existing PC5 QoS Flow matching the service data packet or request, ie based on the PC5 QoS Rules for the existing PC5 QoS Flow(s) . If there is no PC5 QoS Flow matching the service data packet or request, the UE derives PC5 QoS parameters defined in clause 5.4.2 as below: - If the application layer provides the V2X Application Requirements for the V2X service type (eg priority requirement, reliability requirement, delay requirement, range requirement), the V2X layer determines the PC5 QoS parameters based on the V2X Application Requirements; -Otherwise, the V2X layer determines the PC5 QoS parameters based on the mapping of the V2X service type to PC5 QoS parameters defined in clause 5.1.2.1. NOTE 1: Details of V2X Application Requirements for the V2X service type is up to implementation and out of scope of this specification. After deriving the PC5 QoS parameters, the UE performs the following: - If there is no existing PC5 QoS Flow that fulfills the derived PC5 QoS parameters: - The UE creates a new PC5 QoS Flow for the derived PC5 QoS parameters; and - The UE then assigns a PFI and derives PC5 QoS Rule for this PC5 QoS Flow. -Otherwise, the UE updates the PC5 Packet Filter Set in the PC5 QoS Rule for such PC5 QoS Flow. NOTE 2: It is expected that the application layer is capable of differentiating traffic from different V2X services that is transported within the same PC5 QoS Flow. For V2X communication over NR PC5 reference point, the PC5 QoS Flow is the finest granularity of QoS differentiation in the same destination identified by Destination Layer-2 ID. User Plane traffic with the same PFI receives the same traffic forwarding treatment (eg scheduling, admission threshold). The PFI is unique within a same destination.

5.4.1.1.3 Handling of PC5 QoS Flows based on PC5 QoS Rules For each communication mode (eg broadcast, groupcast, unicast), the UE maintains the PC5 QoS Context and PC5 QoS Rule(s) for each PC5 QoS Flow identified by a PC5 QoS Flow Identifier (PFI) per destination identified by Destination Layer-2 ID. The following information is maintained in the V2X layer of the UE: - A PC5 QoS Context includes the following information: -PFI; - PC5 QoS parameters (ie PQI and conditionally other parameters such as MFBR/GFBR, Range, etc.) as defined in clause 5.4.2; and - the V2X service type(s). - One or more PC5 QoS Rule(s). Each PC5 QoS Rule contains the following information: -PFI; - a PC5 Packet Filter Set as defined in clause 5.4.1.1.4; and - a precedence value. The precedence value determines the order in which the PC5 QoS Rules are evaluated. The PC5 QoS Rule with lower precedence value is evaluated before those with the higher precedence values. NOTE: How to set the precedence value is up to UE implementation. When the UE assigns a new PFI for V2X service type, the UE stores it with the corresponding PC5 QoS Context and PC5 QoS Rule(s) for the destination. When the UE releases the PFI, the UE removes the corresponding PC5 QoS Context and PC5 QoS Rule(s) for the destination. For unicast, the Unicast Link Profile defined in clause 5.2.1.4 contains additional information mapped from PFI for unicast operation. The V2X layer provides information for PC5 QoS operations per destination (eg identified by Destination Layer-2 ID) to AS layer for Per-flow QoS model operations as below: 1) To add a new PC5 QoS Flow or to modify any existing PC5 QoS Flow, the V2X layer provides the following information for the PC5 QoS Flow to AS layer. - the PFI; - the corresponding PC5 QoS parameters; and - source/destination Layer-2 IDs for broadcast and groupcast mode communication, or the PC5 Link Identifier for unicast. 2) To remove any existing PC5 QoS Flow, the V2X layer provides the following information for the PC5 QoS Flow to AS layer. - the PFI; and - source/destination Layer-2 IDs for broadcast and groupcast mode communication, or the PC5 Link Identifier for unicast. In addition, the V2X layer also provides the communication mode (eg broadcast, groupcast, unicast) and radio frequencies to the AS layer for the PC5 operation. The radio frequencies are determined based on the V2X service type. The V2X layer ensures that V2X service types associated with different radio frequencies are classified into distinct PC5 QoS Flows. Figure 5.4.1.1.3-1 illustrated an example of the classification and marking of user plane traffic using the PC5 QoS Rules, and the mapping of PC5 QoS Flows to radio resources at access stratum layer. As illustrated in Figure 5.4.1.1.3-1, for a given pair of source and destination Layer-2 IDs, there can be multiple radio bearers, each corresponding to a different PC5 QoS level. The AS layer can determine the mapping of multiple PC5 QoS Flows to the same radio bearer based on the information provided. For broadcast and groupcast mode communication, the L2 link goes to all UEs in proximity identified by the destination Layer-2 ID.

Meanwhile, in the 3GPP agreement, the involvement of gNB to support U2U relay specific operation is minimized, and accordingly, the discovery configuration is also pre-configuration for OoC UE and SIB for IDLE/INACTIVE UE. It was only agreed upon to use it. (119bis agreement: RAN2 will strive to simplify the gNB involvement in U2U-relay-specific operation as compared to the U2N case. - 120 agreement: RAN2 to agree that in U2U relay, OOC UEs obtain discovery configuration from pre-configuration and IDLE/ INACTIVE UEs obtain discovery configuration from SIB.) However, even for CONNECTED UEs, it has not yet been agreed whether to receive discovery configuration through RRC dedicated message.

Hereinafter, in the present disclosure, based on the inventor's assumption that in U2N operation, the remote UE can configure the threshold necessary to select a relay UE suitable for the QoS requirements of the remote UE through an RRC dedicated message, in the case of a U2U relay UE, the remote UE's We propose a method to configure thresholds suitable for QoS requirements.

The first UE according to one embodiment may select a relay UE from one or more candidate relay UEs (S2101 in FIG. 21). The first UE may establish a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE (S2102). The first UE may transmit a message through the relay UE (S2103).

Here, selection of the relay UE may be based on the Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE. The selected relay UE may have a signal strength greater than a predetermined threshold, and the predetermined threshold may be individually set according to the QoS of each message. Alternatively, the predetermined threshold may be a threshold value for each PFI (PC5 QoS Flow Identifier) or PQI (PC5 QoS Identifier) of the service. As such, the predetermined threshold value may be indicated through a System Information Block (SIB), or may be a preset value. The signal strength may be either SL-RSRP (Sidelink Reference Signals Received Power) or SD-RSRP (Sidelink Discovery Reference Signals Received Power) between the first UE and the relay UE.

That is, when the remote UE selects/reselects the relay UE (in UE-to-UE relay operation), the remote UE determines the signal strength between the remote UE and the relay UE (e.g., SL-RSRP, SD-RSRP). Relay UEs that are above a set threshold are considered candidate relay UEs for (re)selection. Here, the threshold applied by the remote UE when selecting the relay UE is the threshold of the signal strength value (e.g., SD-RSRP, SL-RSRP) based on the QoS (Quality of Service) value (of the message) to be transmitted. You can set different values. The value set at this time can be achieved through SIB/pre-configuration.

For example, the SD/SL-RSRP threshold for each PFI (PC5 QoS Flow Identifier) (group) (or for each PQI (PC5 QoS Identifier)) of the service that the remote UE wants to transmit through U2U is set to SIB/pre-configuration. provided through , and the remote UE may select a candidate relay UE by determining the threshold based on the most critical PQI (and/or PFI) value among the PQI (and/or PFI) of the service to be transmitted through the U2U relay. there is. At this time, the most critical PQI (and/or PFI) value can be determined using a combination of one or more of the following methods.

1) The remote UE may set the value with the smallest (and/or largest) priority level among several PQIs (and/or PFIs) (assuming that the smaller the priority, the higher the priority) as the critical PQI.

2) The remote UE may set the value with the smallest (and/or largest) packet delay budget (smallest latency) among several PQIs (and/or PFIs) as the critical PQI.

3) The remote UE may determine the PQI (and/or PFI) value with the smallest (and/or largest) error rate among several packet error rates as the critical PQI.

4) The critical PQI value may be a value determined by the upper layer of the remote UE and notified to the AS layer.

The signal strength refers to the signal strength between the source remote UE and the relay UE in the case of UE-to-UE relay operation, and/or the signal strength between the relay UE and the target remote UE, and in the case of U2N relay operation, the signal strength between the remote UE and the relay UE. Alternatively, it refers to the signal strength between the relay UE and the base station.

When transmitting a discovery message, the first UE may transmit a discovery message including a required threshold that can satisfy its QoS requirements. Specifically, with respect to Discovery model B, when a remote UE transmits a discovery message (e.g., solicitation message), the relay UEs that receive it relay in order for the remote UE to transmit a service to satisfy certain QoS requirements. I don't know if it's looking for UE. Therefore, when transmitting a discovery message, the remote UE may transmit a discovery message including a required threshold (eg, SD-RSRP, SL-RSRP threshold) that can satisfy its QoS requirements. This threshold may be a value passed from the upper layer to the AS layer. Alternatively, it may be a threshold value determined (and/or estimated) through SIB/pre-configuration, depending on the PQI value received by the remote UE from the upper layer.

The relay UE that received this may be set to respond only when the signal strength value measured from the remote UE exceeds the required threshold included in the discovery message. That is, the measured signal strength values of the candidate relay UEs exceed the required threshold included in the discovery message. In this case, since only relay UEs that satisfy the QoS requirements of the service that the remote UE wishes to transmit are expected to respond to the remote UE's request to find a relay UE, the remote UE must select a relay candidate that can satisfy the QoS of the service that the remote UE wishes to transmit. An appropriate relay UE can be selected from among the UEs.

Regarding discovery model A, the relay UE sends a discovery message including the ID of the surrounding (target) remote UE and the SL signal strength (e.g., SL-RSRP, SD-RSRP) between the (target) remote UE and the relay UE. Can be transmitted. The (source) remote UE that received this has a signal strength that satisfies the QoS of the service it wants to transmit/receive through the U2U relay UE, and only if there is a (target) remote UE connected to the relay UE, the corresponding relay UE You can select .

If discovery is integrated into the PC5 unicast link establishment procedure, the threshold can be set using the DCR message. Specifically, the (source) remote UE may transmit a DCR message indicating U2U relay enable indication for U2U relay operation. At this time, the (source) remote UE may transmit the corresponding message including the threshold required to satisfy the required QoS of the service to be transmitted during U2U relay operation.

The relay UE that received the DCR message can forward the received DCR message only if the signal strength between the (source) remote UE and the relay UE satisfies the threshold included in the message. The (target) remote UE that received this can respond to the relay UE with a DCA message only when the signal strength between the relay UE and the (target) remote UE exceeds the threshold included in the forwarded DCR message. Additionally, these DCA messages may also contain the same threshold values. Alternatively, even if the DCA message does not include a threshold, if the relay UE can know that it is a DCA for DCR, the threshold included in the DCR message can be applied when forwarding the DCA message. The relay UE that received the DCA message transmits the DCA message to the (source) remote UE only when the signal strength between the relay UE and the (target) remote UE exceeds the threshold. The (source) remote UE that received this may select the corresponding relay UE only if the signal strength between itself and the relay UE is greater than or equal to the threshold set by the remote UE and included in the DCR message. In this case, the (source) remote UE can infer that it can satisfy the QoS of the service it wants to transmit through U2U operation when it selects the corresponding relay UE.

Additionally, when relay selection/reselection is performed while the source remote UE is connected to the target remote UE through a direct link, or when the source remote UE is connected to the target remote UE through an indirect link through a relay UE, relay reselection is performed. In this case, the source remote UE (and/or target remote UE) may set a threshold for relay selection and reselection to the other UE with an SL-RRC message (e.g., RRCReconfigurationSidelink). If a threshold is set for relay selection/reselection from the peer UE, the remote UE selects the relay UE by applying the set threshold when selecting/reselecting the relay UE for U2U operation with the corresponding peer UE. You can.

Additionally, the target remote UE/relay UE may transmit a PC5-S (e.g., DCR, DCA) message including the measurement value of SL during the U2U relay selection/reselection process (i.e., even if there is no measurement configuration) . For example, the source remote UE broadcasts a discovery message (or DCR message), and the relay UE that forwards it can forward it by including the RSRP/RSRQ/SINR value of the first hop when transmitting the discovery message (or DCR message). there is. Additionally, when the target remote UE transmits a response to a discovery message, a DCA message, etc., the signal strength value measured through the DCR message may be included and transmitted. If a DCR/discovery message is received through a direct path, it includes the signal strength value of the direct path, and if it is received through an indirect path, it includes the signal strength value of the second hop through a DCA message (and/or discovery response message). Can be transmitted. Additionally, when the target remote UE transmits a response to the discovery message/DCA message, etc. through the relay UE, the relay UE may transmit the signal strength values of the first hop and second hop to the source remote UE. Alternatively, only the smaller value (and/or larger value) of the signal strength of the first hop and the second hop may be transmitted. Additionally, the relay UE may compare the value received from the target remote UE with the signal strength value of the second hop measured by the relay UE and transmit a smaller (and/or larger value).

As described above, when a signal strength threshold for selecting a relay UE for each PQI (and/or PFI) value is set through SIB/pre-configuration, a separate threshold may be set for non-standardized PQI values. . Alternatively, priority, reliability, PDB, etc. for non-standardized services can be additionally set and an appropriate threshold can be selected by performing a best match on the terminal.

According to the above-described embodiment, there is an effect that the remote UE can select a relay UE that matches the required QoS of the service it wants to transmit through the U2U relay.

In the above description, remote UE for U2U operation may mean both source remote UE and target remote UE unless there is a special technology. Additionally, in the technology of the above invention, the threshold value may be set separately for SL-RSRP and SD-RSRP. Additionally, the discovery message described above can also be replaced with a DCR (PC5-S) message. The threshold value described above may be an actual threshold value, but may also be replaced with an index value representing the threshold value.

Meanwhile, the remote UE can activate both the direct path and the indirect path through the relay UE, and at this time, the connection between the remote UE and the relay UE can be an ideal link, unlike the existing SL-relay. Below, operations that can occur when the link between the remote UE and the relay UE is an ideal link are described.

When the remote UE and relay UE are connected using an ideal link, the applicable signal strength threshold between the remote UE and relay UE may be different from that when using an existing PC5 connection. For example, the threshold that can be an ideal link can be a separate value from the threshold applied for the connection between the remote UE and relay UE in existing Rel-17 U2N communication. If the signal strength between the remote UE and the relay UE is greater than a set threshold (in a specific range), it can be operated assuming this as an ideal path. Alternatively, if the upper layer of the remote UE and/or relay UE indicates that it is connected to an ideal path, it may be regarded as an ideal path and operate regardless of the set threshold.

If the remote UE and relay UE are connected by an ideal path, the remote UE and/or relay UE may report the peer UE to the base station as the preferred UE. When reporting as a Preferred UE, reporting on the signal strength between the remote UE and relay UE may be omitted. Meanwhile, the base station that received the report may not set discovery-related information to the remote UE and/or relay UE. Alternatively, these remote UEs and/or relay UEs may not request discovery-related information (eg, discovery resource pool) from the base station.

If the remote UE and relay UE are not yet connected by an ideal path, but the threshold corresponding to the idea path is satisfied, or the upper layer of the relay UE and/or remote UE connects the peer remote UE and/or relay UE to the ideal path. When set as a connectable UE, the remote UE can report a relay UE capable of an ideal path as the preferred UE. Alternatively, when the remote UE reports other candidate relay UEs and the SL signal strength related thereto (SD-RSRP/SL-RSRP), candidate relay UEs that can be connected to the ideal path may be separately indicated and reported. Additionally, when reporting, candidate relay UEs that can be connected to the ideal path may be placed at the top of the reporting list. This is because the base station is expected to select the Preferred relay UE reported by the remote UE and inform the remote UE of this, unless there is a special reason.

The remote UE and/or relay UE's discover message for establishing an ideal link may have a different format from the general U2N relay(/non-relay) discovery message. The discovery message may include an indication that it is for establishing an ideal link, and a special destination ID for the ideal link may be used. Alternatively, a discovery message for an ideal link may use a special bearer ID/logical channel ID, etc. for this purpose.

If the remote UE and/or relay UE is a UE capable of multipath operation, it may indicate that multipath operation is possible in the discovery message. Additionally, a separate Uu/SL threshold value may be set for UEs capable of multipath operation.

If the remote UE and/or relay UE reports to the base station the destination L2 ID connected to itself using SUI, and if the remote UE and/or relay UE are connected by an ideal link, the destination address included in the SUI An indication indicating that it is connected by an ideal link may be included. Alternatively, it may be possible to estimate that there is a special destination (L2-layer) address assigned to the ideal link and that the base station is connected to the ideal ink through this. The gNB that has received the SUI containing the corresponding indication or has received a specific destination address will not set configuration related to transmission of the discovery message to the remote UE and/or relay UE that reported it, or will not allocate a resource pool related to transmission of the discovery message. It may be possible. Alternatively, since the ideal link between the remote UE and the relay UE may be a link other than PC5-link (e.g., a wired link), the gNB provides (existing) support for operation between the remote UE and the relay UE (e.g., Resource grant allocation, etc.) may not be performed. Meanwhile, this indication can be replaced by setting the signal strength between the reporting remote UE and the relay UE to a max value (or setting it to a determined value) and reporting.

If the remote UE and/or relay UE is a UE capable of multipath operation, it may indicate that multipath operation is possible in the discovery message. Additionally, a separate Uu/SL threshold value may be set for UEs capable of multipath operation.

A relay UE and/or a remote UE connected by an ideal link may indicate through SUI its own L2 ID, the other party's (destination) L2 ID, and that it is connected to the destination UE (/ID) by an ideal link. The gNB that receives this indication may not perform configuration related to local ID, bearer mapping, etc. to the relay UE and/or remote UE. Alternatively, only the configuration for 1:1 mapping between SL and Uu links can be set in the relay UE.

A terminal that has a preferred UE (here, it means that it is already connected to the preferred UE via ideal/SL or that the preferred UE set in the upper layer exists even before connection) requests the base station (discovery resource pool) ) Report preferred UE information, and the base station may set restriced discovery measurement if there is a preferred UE. For example, the base station may set the measurement configure to be rougher than the typical U2N relay case and instruct the UE to establish a connection with the preferred UE reported by the UE if only basic conditions are met.

Criteria for setting a preferred relay UE may be set separately. For example, if a UE operating on a direct link encounters a special situation such as an increase in data amount/latency/reduction in remaining power, the setting/selection of the preferred relay UE may be triggered. If a UE that has criteria for setting a preferred relay UE satisfies the condition (e.g., Uu/SL threshold condition), it sends the signal strength and other information (e.g., layer 2-2) of the candidate relay UE to the base station. You can immediately establish a connection with the Preferred relay UE without reporting the ID). In this case, after establishing a connection, the remote(/relay) UE provides information about the other UE to the base station (e.g., the layer2-ID of the other UE and notifies that it has established a connection with the preferred UE for multi-path connection). You can also report it.

When the remote UE reports the Preferred relay UE to the base station, the base station informs the remote UE of the discovery resource pool/discovery configuration information used by the Preferred relay UE (/Preferred relay UE may be limited to RRC CONNECTED cases). A remote UE can enable a fast relay connection with a relay UE. Alternatively, if the preferred relay UE is performing SL DRX operation, the base station can inform the remote UE of DRX information for the discovery message so that it can quickly establish a connection with the preferred relay UE.

If the remote UE and the relay UE are connected by an ideal link, the base station can store the information of the preffered UE and reuse it during relay connection. For example, when connected by an ideal link, when the IDLE/INACTIVE remote UE requests resume, the base station may also perform an operation to retrieve the context of the remote UE and the relay UE connected by the ideal link. Or, conversely, when the relay UE requests resume, the base station may also retrieve the context of the remote UE connected to the relay UE via an ideal link.

If the remote UE and the relay UE no longer maintain the ldeal link (if the threshold/requirement required for maintaining the ideal UE release and ideal link in the upper layer is not satisfied), the remote UE may notify the base station of this. The base station can refer to this to reset the masurement config of the remote UE or refer to it when considering HO.

Example of a communication system to which this disclosure applies

Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operation flowcharts of the present disclosure disclosed in this document can be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication/connection (e.g., 5G) between devices. there is.

Hereinafter, more detailed examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings/descriptions, identical reference numerals may illustrate identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

Figure 22 illustrates a communication system 1 to which this disclosure applies.

Referring to FIG. 22, the communication system 1 applied to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5G device. Although not limited thereto, wireless devices include robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), XR (eXtended Reality) devices (100c), hand-held devices (100d), and home appliances (100e). ), IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and AI device/server (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles equipped with wireless communication functions, autonomous vehicles, vehicles capable of inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (eg, a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality)/VR (Virtual Reality)/MR (Mixed Reality) devices, HMD (Head-Mounted Device), HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, It can be implemented in the form of computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, a base station and network may also be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a may operate as a base station/network node for other wireless devices.

Wireless devices 100a to 100f may be connected to the network 300 through the base station 200. AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology may be applied to wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be connected to the AI server 400 through the network 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, 4G (eg, LTE) network, or 5G (eg, NR) network. Wireless devices 100a to 100f may communicate with each other through the base station 200/network 300, but may also communicate directly (e.g. sidelink communication) without going through the base station/network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 may communicate directly (e.g. V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle)/V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Additionally, an IoT device (eg, sensor) may communicate directly with another IoT device (eg, sensor) or another wireless device (100a to 100f).

Wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c) may be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f)/base station (200) and base station (200)/base station (200). Here, wireless communication/connection includes various wireless connections such as uplink/downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g. relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). This can be achieved through technology (e.g., 5G NR) through wireless communication/connection (150a, 150b, 150c), where a wireless device and a base station/wireless device, and a base station and a base station can transmit/receive wireless signals to each other. For example, the wireless communication/ connection 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit/receive signals through various physical channels, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure. At least some of various configuration information setting processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc. may be performed.

Examples of wireless devices to which this disclosure applies

23 illustrates a wireless device to which the present disclosure can be applied.

Referring to FIG. 23, the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (eg, LTE, NR). Here, {first wireless device 100, second wireless device 200} refers to {wireless device 100x, base station 200} and/or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x) in FIG. 22. } can be responded to.

The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may further include one or more transceivers 106 and/or one or more antennas 108. Processor 102 controls memory 104 and/or transceiver 106 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 may process information in the memory 104 to generate first information/signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information/signal through the transceiver 106. Additionally, the processor 102 may receive a wireless signal including the second information/signal through the transceiver 106 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in the memory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, memory 104 may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 102 or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Software code containing them can be stored. Here, the processor 102 and memory 104 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). Transceiver 106 may be coupled to processor 102 and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. Transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and/or receiver. The transceiver 106 can be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202, one or more memories 204, and may further include one or more transceivers 206 and/or one or more antennas 208. Processor 202 controls memory 204 and/or transceiver 206 and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 may process the information in the memory 204 to generate third information/signal and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information/signal through the transceiver 206. Additionally, the processor 202 may receive a wireless signal including the fourth information/signal through the transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in the memory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and may store various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, memory 204 may perform some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202 or instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Software code containing them can be stored. Here, the processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (eg, LTE, NR). Transceiver 206 may be coupled to processor 202 and may transmit and/or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. Transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and/or receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may mean a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors 102, 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and/or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts disclosed herein. can be created. One or more processors 102, 202 may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors 102, 202 generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) containing PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions and/or methods disclosed herein. , can be provided to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106, 206, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. Depending on the device, PDU, SDU, message, control information, data or information can be obtained.

One or more processors 102, 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) May be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204). It may be driven by the above processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and/or sets of instructions.

One or more memories 104, 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and may store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and/or instructions. One or more memories 104, 204 may consist of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer readable storage media, and/or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104, 204 may be located internal to and/or external to one or more processors 102, 202. Additionally, one or more memories 104, 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102, 202 through various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

One or more transceivers 106, 206 may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. mentioned in the methods and/or operation flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 may receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flow charts, etc. disclosed herein from one or more other devices. there is. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. In addition, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may perform the description and functions disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). , may be set to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. mentioned in procedures, proposals, methods and/or operation flow charts, etc. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (eg, antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) process the received user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202), and convert the received wireless signals/channels, etc. from the RF band signal. It can be converted to a baseband signal. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals/channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may comprise (analog) oscillators and/or filters.

Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which this disclosure applies

Figure 24 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which this disclosure applies. A vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned/unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc.

Referring to FIG. 24, the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit. It may include a portion 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g. base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit 140a can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 on the ground. The driving unit 140a may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c includes an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, and a vehicle forward sensor. /May include a reverse sensor, battery sensor, fuel sensor, tire sensor, steering sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, ultrasonic sensor, illuminance sensor, pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d includes technology to maintain the driving lane, technology to automatically adjust speed such as adaptive cruise control, technology to automatically drive along a set route, and technology to automatically set the route and drive when the destination is set. Technology, etc. can be implemented.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d may create an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit 120 may control the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 may acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server irregularly/periodically and obtain surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data/information. The communication unit 110 may transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or self-driving vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or self-driving vehicles.

AR/VR and vehicle examples to which this disclosure applies

25 illustrates a vehicle to which this disclosure applies. Vehicles can also be implemented as transportation, trains, airplanes, ships, etc.

Referring to FIG. 25, the vehicle 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140a, and a position measurement unit 140b.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (eg, data, control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as a base station. The control unit 120 can control components of the vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands that support various functions of the vehicle 100. The input/output unit 140a may output an AR/VR object based on the information in the memory unit 130. The input/output unit 140a may include a HUD. The location measuring unit 140b may obtain location information of the vehicle 100. The location information may include absolute location information of the vehicle 100, location information within the driving line, acceleration information, and location information with surrounding vehicles. The location measuring unit 140b may include GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receive map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and store them in the memory unit 130. The location measurement unit 140b may acquire vehicle location information through GPS and various sensors and store it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 creates a virtual object based on map information, traffic information, and vehicle location information, and the input/output unit 140a can display the generated virtual object on the window of the vehicle (1410, 1420). Additionally, the control unit 120 may determine whether the vehicle 100 is operating normally within the driving line based on vehicle location information. If the vehicle 100 deviates from the driving line abnormally, the control unit 120 may display a warning on the window of the vehicle through the input/output unit 140a. Additionally, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning message regarding driving abnormalities to surrounding vehicles through the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 may transmit location information of the vehicle and information about driving/vehicle abnormalities to the relevant organizations through the communication unit 110.

Examples of XR devices to which this disclosure applies

Figure 26 illustrates an XR device applied to the present disclosure. XR devices can be implemented as HMDs, HUDs (Head-Up Displays) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc.

Referring to FIG. 26, the XR device 100a may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c. .

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (eg, media data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, mobile devices, or media servers. Media data may include video, images, sound, etc. The control unit 120 may perform various operations by controlling the components of the XR device 100a. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured to control and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands necessary for driving the XR device 100a/creating an XR object. The input/output unit 140a may obtain control information, data, etc. from the outside and output the generated XR object. The input/output unit 140a may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker, and/or haptic module. The sensor unit 140b can obtain XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is. The power supply unit 140c supplies power to the XR device 100a and may include a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

As an example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100a may include information (eg, data, etc.) necessary for creating an XR object (eg, AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 140a can obtain a command to operate the XR device 100a from the user, and the control unit 120 can drive the XR device 100a according to the user's driving command. For example, when a user tries to watch a movie, news, etc. through the XR device 100a, the control unit 120 sends content request information to another device (e.g., mobile device 100b) or It can be transmitted to a media server. The communication unit 130 may download/stream content such as movies and news from another device (eg, the mobile device 100b) or a media server to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and/or performs procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image) encoding, and metadata creation/processing for the content, and acquires it through the input/output unit 140a/sensor unit 140b. XR objects can be created/output based on information about the surrounding space or real objects.

Additionally, the XR device 100a is wirelessly connected to the mobile device 100b through the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100a can be controlled by the mobile device 100b. For example, the mobile device 100b may operate as a controller for the XR device 100a. To this end, the XR device 100a may obtain 3D location information of the mobile device 100b, then generate and output an XR object corresponding to the mobile device 100b.

Robot example to which this disclosure applies

Figure 27 illustrates a robot to which this disclosure is applied. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, military, etc. depending on the purpose or field of use.

Referring to FIG. 27, the robot 100 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a driver 140c.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive signals (e.g., driving information, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit 120 can control the components of the robot 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commands that support various functions of the robot 100. The input/output unit 140a may obtain information from the outside of the robot 100 and output the information to the outside of the robot 100. The input/output unit 140a may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker, and/or haptic module. The sensor unit 140b can obtain internal information of the robot 100, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The driving unit 140c can perform various physical operations such as moving robot joints. Additionally, the driving unit 140c can cause the robot 100 to run on the ground or fly in the air. The driving unit 140c may include an actuator, motor, wheel, brake, propeller, etc.

Examples of AI devices to which this disclosure applies

Figure 28 illustrates an AI device applied to this disclosure. AI devices are fixed or mobile devices such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, laptops, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, vehicles, etc. It can be implemented with available devices, etc.

Referring to FIG. 28, the AI device 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit (140a/140b), a learning processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d. may include.

The communication unit 110 uses wired and wireless communication technology to communicate with wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information) with external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100x, 200, 400 in Figure 22) or AI servers (e.g., 400 in Figure 22). , user input, learning model, control signal, etc.) can be transmitted and received. To this end, the communication unit 110 may transmit information in the memory unit 130 to an external device or transmit a signal received from an external device to the memory unit 130.

The control unit 120 may determine at least one executable operation of the AI device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. And, the control unit 120 can control the components of the AI device 100 to perform the determined operation. For example, the control unit 120 may request, search, receive, or utilize data from the learning processor unit 140c or the memory unit 130, and may select at least one operation that is predicted or determined to be desirable among the executable operations. Components of the AI device 100 can be controlled to execute operations. In addition, the control unit 120 collects history information including the user's feedback on the operation content or operation of the AI device 100 and stores it in the memory unit 130 or the learning processor unit 140c, or the AI server ( It can be transmitted to an external device such as Figure 22, 400). The collected historical information can be used to update the learning model.

The memory unit 130 can store data supporting various functions of the AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 may store data obtained from the input unit 140a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data from the learning processor unit 140c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 140. Additionally, the memory unit 130 may store control information and/or software codes necessary for operation/execution of the control unit 120.

The input unit 140a can obtain various types of data from outside the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140a may obtain training data for model learning and input data to which the learning model will be applied. The input unit 140a may include a camera, a microphone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 140b may generate output related to vision, hearing, or tactile sensation. The output unit 140b may include a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information of the AI device 100, surrounding environment information of the AI device 100, and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit 140 may include a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. there is.

The learning processor unit 140c can train a model composed of an artificial neural network using training data. The learning processor unit 140c may perform AI processing together with the learning processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 22, 400). The learning processor unit 140c may process information received from an external device through the communication unit 110 and/or information stored in the memory unit 130. Additionally, the output value of the learning processor unit 140c may be transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 110 and/or stored in the memory unit 130.

Embodiments as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims (14)

1. In a method of operating a first UE related to relay UE (User Equipment) selection in a wireless communication system,

   The first UE selects a relay UE from one or more candidate relay UEs;

   The first UE establishes a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and

   The first UE transmits a message through the relay UE;

   Includes,

   The method wherein the selection of the relay UE is based on the Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.
2. According to paragraph 1,

   The method wherein the selected relay UE has a signal strength greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.
3. According to paragraph 2,

   The method wherein the predetermined threshold value is individually set according to the QoS of each message.
4. According to paragraph 2,

   The method wherein the predetermined threshold is a threshold value for each PFI (PC5 QoS Flow Identifier) or PQI (PC5 QoS Identifier) of the service.
5. According to paragraph 3,

   The method wherein the predetermined threshold value is indicated through a System Information Block (SIB).
6. According to paragraph 3,

   The method wherein the predetermined threshold is a preset value.
7. According to paragraph 3,

   The signal strength is one of SL-RSRP (Sidelink Reference Signals Received Power) or SD-RSRP (Sidelink Discovery Reference Signals Received Power) between the first UE and the relay UE.
8. According to paragraph 1,

   The method includes a required threshold that allows the first UE to satisfy its QoS requirements when transmitting a discovery message.
9. According to clause 8,

   The method wherein the measured signal strength values of the candidate relay UEs exceed the request threshold included in the discovery message.
10. According to paragraph 1,

    The method is:

    The first UE transmits a discovery solicitation message;

    The first UE receives a discovery response broadcast by one or more candidate relay UEs;

    A method further comprising:
11. According to paragraph 1,

    The first UE establishes an end-to-end PC5 link with the second UE.
12. According to paragraph 1,

    The first UE establishes an indirect link with the base station through the relay UE.
13. In the first UE involved in selecting a relay UE (User Equipment) in a wireless communication system,

    at least one processor; and

    at least one computer memory operably coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations;

    The above operations are:

    Select a relay UE from one or more candidate relay UEs;

    Establishing a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and

    Sending a message through the relay UE;

    Includes,

    The selection of the relay UE is based on the Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.
14. 1. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a first UE, comprising:

    The above operations are:

    Select a relay UE from one or more candidate relay UEs;

    Establishing a PC5 link with the selected relay UE based on the absence of a PC5 link with the selected relay UE; and

    Sending a message through the relay UE;

    Includes,

    Selection of the relay UE is based on the Quality of Service (QoS) of the message transmitted by the first UE.

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