WO2024124752A1 - 一种线圈、能量转换器件 - Google Patents

一种线圈、能量转换器件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024124752A1
WO2024124752A1 PCT/CN2023/087087 CN2023087087W WO2024124752A1 WO 2024124752 A1 WO2024124752 A1 WO 2024124752A1 CN 2023087087 W CN2023087087 W CN 2023087087W WO 2024124752 A1 WO2024124752 A1 WO 2024124752A1
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Prior art keywords
coil
copper
parts
conductor
graphene
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵益
司秀江
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AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
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AAC Microtech Changzhou Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/321,806 priority Critical patent/US20240203621A1/en
Publication of WO2024124752A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024124752A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of coils, and in particular to a coil and an energy conversion device.
  • Coil usually refers to a ring-shaped wire winding. Coils are used in motors, inductors, transformers, and loop antennas.
  • the coil in the circuit is an inductor, which means that the wires are wound one by one.
  • the wires are insulated from each other, and the insulating tube can be hollow or contain an iron core or a magnetic powder core, referred to as an inductor.
  • the coil After the coil is energized, it is acted upon by electromagnetic force and moves under the action of electromagnetic force, thereby generating mechanical energy.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a coil and an energy conversion device, aiming to simultaneously improve the conductivity and tensile strength of the coil conductor.
  • the coil proposed in the present invention is used for a speaker or a motor.
  • the coil is wound by enameled wire, and the preparation materials of the conductor of the enameled wire include: 70-99.8 parts of substrate, 0.2-30 parts of graphene, and/or 0.2-30 parts of carbon nanotubes, by volume.
  • the material used to prepare the enameled wire conductor includes 0.2-1 part of graphene by volume.
  • the material used to prepare the enameled wire conductor includes 1-2 parts of carbon nanotubes by volume.
  • the substrate includes one or more of copper, aluminum, silver, gold or copper alloy, and the graphene and/or the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in the substrate.
  • the substrate is a copper-clad aluminum conductor
  • the volume fraction of copper in the copper-clad aluminum conductor in the conductor of the enameled wire is 10-80 parts
  • the volume fraction of aluminum is 19.8-60 parts
  • the graphene and/or the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in the copper and/or aluminum of the copper-clad aluminum conductor.
  • the copper of the copper-clad aluminum conductor is wrapped around the aluminum surface of the copper-clad aluminum conductor.
  • the present invention also proposes an energy conversion device, which includes a coil.
  • the coil is wound by enameled wire, and the preparation materials of the enameled wire conductor include: 70-99.8 parts of substrate, 0.2-30 parts of graphene, and/or 0.2-30 parts of carbon nanotubes.
  • the energy conversion device is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
  • the energy conversion device is one of a micro speaker, a vibration motor, and a transmission motor.
  • the coil of the technical solution of the present invention is applied to a speaker or a motor.
  • the coil When the coil is energized, it generates electromagnetic force in a magnetic field to realize the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the coil enameled wire conductor adopts a base material with a volume fraction of 70-99.8 parts, a graphene volume fraction of 0.2-30 parts and/or a carbon nanotube volume fraction of 0.2-30 parts, so that the coil has higher conductivity and mechanical properties, and improves the conductivity and tensile strength of the coil enameled wire body.
  • the coil of the present invention applied to a speaker or a motor contains a specific volume fraction of graphene and/or carbon nanotubes, which can increase the conductivity by 19% IACS, increase the sensitivity of the speaker by 1.51dB, increase the tensile strength by 31MPa, extend the fatigue wire breaking time of the speaker by a maximum of 45 hours, increase the steady-state response speed of the motor by 20%, and increase the transient vibration by 17%.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a loudspeaker according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the speaker in Figure 1 in the direction A-A;
  • FIG3 is an exploded schematic diagram of the speaker of FIG1 ;
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a motor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the motor in Fig. 4 along the B-B direction;
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of the motor in FIG. 4 with the housing removed.
  • the present invention provides a coil.
  • the coil 12 is used for the speaker 10 or the motor 20.
  • the coil 12 is wound by enameled wire, and the preparation materials of the conductor of the enameled wire include: 70-99.8 parts of substrate, 0.2-30 parts of graphene, and/or 0.2-30 parts of carbon nanotubes.
  • the coil 12 of the technical solution of the present invention is applied to the speaker 10 or the motor 20.
  • the coil 12 When the coil 12 is energized, it generates electromagnetic force in the magnetic field to realize the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy.
  • the enameled wire conductor of the coil 12 adopts a substrate volume fraction of 70-99.8 parts, a graphene volume fraction of 0.2-30 parts and/or a carbon nanotube volume fraction of 0.2-30 parts, so that the coil 12 has higher conductivity and mechanical properties, and improves the conductivity and tensile strength of the enameled wire conductor of the coil 12.
  • the present invention is applied to the coil 12 of the speaker 10 or the motor 20, which contains a specific volume fraction of graphene and/or carbon nanotubes, which can increase the conductivity by up to 19% IACS, increase the sensitivity of the speaker 10 by 1.51dB, and the tensile strength can be increased by 31MPa.
  • the fatigue break time of the speaker 10 is extended by a maximum of 45 hours, the steady-state response speed of the motor 20 is increased by 20%, and the transient vibration amount is increased by 17%.
  • the substrate is made of a conductive material and is used to generate electromagnetic force in a magnetic field after power is applied, thereby generating mechanical motion.
  • the substrate can be a metal material, an alloy material, or a polymer material with conductive function, as long as the material of the substrate can generate electromagnetic force after conducting electricity.
  • the speaker 10 may include a housing 11 and a coil 12, and the coil 12 may be installed in the housing 11. It is understood that the coil 12 may be a voice coil, and the housing 11 may include a bottom plate, a side plate, and a top plate.
  • the motor 20 may include a housing 21 and a vibration component, and the vibration component may include a coil 12, and the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy is achieved through the coil 12.
  • the substrate includes one or more of copper, aluminum, silver, gold or copper alloy. That is, the substrate can be a single material, such as pure copper, or multiple materials, such as copper-clad aluminum, alloy materials, etc.
  • the coil 12 can generate electromagnetic force after conducting electricity, which is then converted into mechanical motion, thereby driving the component to move.
  • the substrate is a copper-clad aluminum conductor, which reduces the amount of copper used, thereby reducing the production cost; the addition of aluminum makes the coil 12 more plastic; and since the density of copper-clad aluminum is 1/2.5 of pure copper, the weight of the coil 12 is reduced; in addition, under the conditions of the same diameter and weight, the length of the coil 12 of the copper-clad aluminum substrate is much longer than that of the coil 12 of the pure copper substrate, thereby further greatly reducing the production cost of the coil 12.
  • the copper of the copper-clad aluminum conductor accounts for 10-80 parts of the enameled wire conductor, and the aluminum accounts for 19.8-60 parts.
  • the copper-clad aluminum conductor copper wraps the aluminum surface to form a copper-clad aluminum conductor.
  • the relationship between the graphene and/or carbon nanotubes and the substrate of the enameled wire conductor can be that the graphene and/or carbon nanotubes are evenly distributed in the substrate, so that the distribution of the graphene and/or carbon nanotubes is even, which is more conducive to improving the conductivity and tensile strength of the enameled wire.
  • the material of the coil 12 includes graphene, which can be a nano material or a non-nano material.
  • graphene has extremely high electrical conductivity, which is at least 100 times higher than that of copper, and can make electrons move at least 100 times faster than single crystal silicon, thereby improving the overall electrical conductivity of the coil 12, and further improving the energy conversion efficiency and sensitivity of the coil 12, so as to reduce energy loss and shorten the reaction time.
  • graphene has extremely high strength, which is at least 200 times greater than that of steel; at the same time, graphene has high thermal conductivity and high tensile strength, and even if graphene is stretched or bent, it does not lose its electrical properties. Therefore, by adding graphene to the coil 12, not only the electrical conductivity of the coil 12 can be improved, but also the tensile strength of the coil 12 can be increased, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency, sensitivity and fatigue-resistant wire breaking ability of the coil 12.
  • the content of the graphene should not be too high or too low. If the content of the graphene is too high, it will not only greatly increase the material cost and waste materials, but also easily agglomerate, which is not conducive to the dispersion of the graphene in the substrate; if the content of the graphene is too low, the conductivity and tensile strength of the coil 12 cannot be improved, and the coil 12 with high conductivity and tensile strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, in the preparation material of the coil 12, the graphene is 0.2-30 parts by volume. Further, in one embodiment, the graphene is 0.2-1 parts by volume.
  • carbon nanotubes are a one-dimensional quantum material with a special structure (radial dimensions are nanometers, axial dimensions are micrometers, and both ends of the tube are basically sealed). They are mainly composed of several to dozens of layers of coaxial circular tubes of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons. The distance between layers is fixed, which can be about 0.34nm, and the diameter can be 2 ⁇ 20nm. In addition, according to the different orientations of carbon hexagons along the axial direction, they can be divided into three types: zigzag, armchair, and spiral.
  • Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional nanomaterials that are lightweight, have perfectly connected hexagonal structures, and have many exceptional mechanical and chemical properties.
  • the addition of carbon nanotubes to the substrate can make the coil 12 exhibit good strength, elasticity, fatigue resistance, etc., thereby greatly improving the various properties of the coil 12. Since the structure of carbon nanotubes is the same as the lamellar structure of graphite, they have very good electrical properties, and the electrical conductivity can reach 10,000 times that of copper.
  • carbon nanotubes have a large tensile strength, which is 100 times that of steel, but their density is only one-sixth of that of steel, which is an order of magnitude higher than conventional graphite fibers; its elastic modulus can reach 1TPa, which is equivalent to the elastic modulus of diamond and is about 5 times that of steel.
  • the structure of carbon nanotubes is similar to that of polymer materials, their structure is much more stable than that of polymer materials.
  • the content of carbon nanotubes cannot be too high or too low. If the content of carbon nanotubes is too high, it will not only increase the material cost and waste materials, but also easily reduce the conductivity and tensile strength of the coil 12; if the content of carbon nanotubes is too low, it will not be able to improve the conductivity and tensile strength of the coil 12, and it will be impossible to obtain a coil 12 with high conductivity and high tensile strength. Therefore, in the preparation material of the coil 12, the carbon nanotubes are 0.2-30 parts by volume. Further, in one embodiment, the carbon nanotubes are 1-2 parts by volume.
  • the coil 12 is wound by enameled wire.
  • the enameled wire includes a conductor and an insulator.
  • the bare wire is annealed and softened, and then painted multiple times and heated to form. It can be divided into copper wire enameled wire, aluminum wire enameled wire, copper-aluminum alloy enameled wire, etc.
  • the coil 12 can be wound by enameled wire in a certain shape, and can be composed of one turn or multiple turns in series. It can have two lead wires, one called the head end and the other called the tail end.
  • the enameled wire has a simple process, a low price, and a thick thickness, which further reduces the production cost of the coil 12; by using enameled wire to wind the coil 12, it has a good inhibitory effect on the interference magnetic field, thereby improving the accuracy.
  • the present invention also proposes an energy conversion device, which includes a coil 12.
  • the specific structure of the coil 12 refers to the above embodiment. Since the energy conversion device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
  • the energy conversion device is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the converter can be a speaker 10 or a motor 20.
  • the speaker 10 is a micro speaker, or the motor 20 is a vibration motor or a transmission motor.
  • the micro speaker may include a basin frame, a magnet, a pole piece, a sound membrane, and a voice coil, wherein the voice coil includes the above-mentioned coil 12; by using the coil 12 in the micro speaker 10, the conductivity and tensile strength of the coil 12 in the micro speaker 10 are improved, so that the speaker 10 with a small volume has a longer service life.
  • the vibration motor and the transmission motor both include the above-mentioned coil 12. The vibration motor inputs current in different directions through the coil 12, so that the driving component rotates.
  • the center point of the eccentric wheel is not on the center of rotation of the motor, and is constantly in a state of loss of balance, causing vibration due to inertia.
  • the micro speaker, the vibration motor, and the transmission motor can convert electrical energy into mechanical energy by using the above-mentioned coil 12, thereby driving the components to move and achieving the corresponding effect.
  • a coil wherein the preparation materials include, by volume: 99.5 parts of pure copper and 0.5 parts of graphene, wherein the graphene is evenly distributed in the pure copper substrate; a voice coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm), and the voice coil is assembled into a 0815-size micro speaker in a watch.
  • a coil wherein the preparation materials include, by volume: 99.8 parts of a copper-clad aluminum conductor (containing 15% copper) and 0.2 parts of graphene, wherein the graphene is uniformly distributed in the copper-clad aluminum conductor; a voice coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm), and the voice coil is assembled into a 1520-size micro speaker in a PAD.
  • a coil wherein the preparation materials include, by volume: 70 parts of pure copper and 30 parts of graphene, wherein the graphene is evenly distributed in the pure copper substrate; an enameled wire (conductor diameter is 0.03 mm) is wound to form a voice coil, and the voice coil is assembled into a 1134 size speaker in a PAD.
  • a coil whose preparation materials include, by volume: 85 parts of copper-clad aluminum conductor (copper content 30%) and 15 parts of carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in the copper-clad aluminum conductor; a voice coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (conductor diameter is 0.03mm), and the voice coil is assembled into a 1520-size micro speaker in a PAD.
  • a coil whose preparation materials include, by volume: 98 parts of pure copper, 1 part of graphene, and 1 part of carbon nanotubes, wherein the graphene and the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in a pure copper substrate; the coil is wound by enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm) to prepare a receiver of 0809 size.
  • a coil wherein the preparation materials include, by volume: 98 parts of pure copper and 2 parts of carbon nanotubes, wherein the carbon nanotubes are uniformly distributed in a pure copper substrate; the coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm), and the coil is assembled into a 0815-size vibration motor in a mobile phone.
  • a coil wherein the preparation materials include, by volume: 75 parts of pure copper and 25 parts of graphene, wherein the graphene is evenly distributed in the pure copper substrate; the coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm), and the coil is assembled into a 0620-size vibration motor in a mobile phone.
  • a coil wherein the preparation material thereof includes 100 parts of pure copper by volume; an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm) is wound to form a voice coil, and the voice coil is assembled into a 0815-size micro speaker in a watch.
  • a coil wherein the preparation material includes 100 parts of a copper-clad aluminum conductor (containing 15% copper) by volume; an enameled wire (the conductor has a diameter of 0.03 mm) is wound to form a voice coil, and the voice coil is assembled into a 1520-size micro speaker in a PAD.
  • a coil the preparation materials of which include, by volume: 100 parts of pure copper; an enameled wire (conductor diameter is 0.03 mm) is wound to form a voice coil, and the voice coil is assembled into a 1134 size speaker in a PAD.
  • a coil the preparation materials of which include, by volume: 100 parts of copper-clad aluminum conductor (copper content 30%); a voice coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (conductor diameter is 0.03mm), and the voice coil is assembled into a 1520-size micro speaker in a PAD.
  • a coil whose preparation material includes 100 parts of pure copper by volume; the coil is wound by enameled wire (conductor diameter is 0.03mm) to prepare a receiver of 0809 size.
  • a coil wherein the preparation material thereof includes 100 parts of pure copper by volume; the coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm), and the coil is assembled into a vibration motor of size 0815 in a mobile phone.
  • a coil wherein the preparation materials thereof include, by volume: 100 parts of pure copper; the coil is formed by winding an enameled wire (the conductor diameter is 0.03 mm), and the coil is assembled into a vibration motor of size 0620 in a mobile phone.
  • Example 1 Pure copper 99.5 0.5 / 0815 Micro Speaker Example 2 Copper clad aluminum conductor (copper content 15%) 99.8 0.2 / 1520 Micro Speaker Example 3 Pure copper 70.0 30 / 1134 speaker Example 4 Copper clad aluminum conductor (copper content 30%) 85.0 / 15 1520 Micro Speaker Example 5 Pure copper 98.0 1 1 0809 receiver Comparative Example 1 Pure copper 100.0 / / 0815 Micro Speaker Comparative Example 2 Copper clad aluminum conductor (copper content 15%) 100.0 / / 1520 Micro speakers Comparative Example 3 Pure copper 100.0 / / 1134 speaker Comparative Example 4 Copper clad aluminum conductor (copper content 30%) 100.0 / / 1520 Micro speakers Comparative Example 5 Pure copper 100 / / 0809 receiver Table 2 Components and contents of motors
  • Example 1 sample Electrical conductivity/% IACS Sensitivity/dB Tensile strength/MPa Fatigue break time/hour Comparative Example 1 100 102.00 267 152 Example 1 112 102.98 295 174 Comparative Example 2 63 125.10 217 134 Example 2 67 125.63 259 157 Comparative Example 3 100 102.30 264 234 Example 3 135 104.90 380 942 Comparative Example 4 63 125.10 217 134 Example 4 83 127.50 318 526 Comparative Example 5 100 122.10 279 168 Example 5 111 123.00 310 213 According to Table 1 and Table 2, Examples 1 to 7 include graphene and/or carbon nanotubes, the sum of the volume fractions of the substrate and the graphene and/or carbon nanotubes is 100 parts, all are wound into coils by enameled wire, the conductor diameter of the enameled wire is 0.03 mm, and the assembled electronic devices are micro speakers, vibration motors, and receivers.
  • Comparative Examples 1 to 7 do not contain graphene or carbon nanotubes, and the volume fraction of the substrate is 100 parts, and the rest is the same as the corresponding examples, all are wound into coils by enameled wire, the conductor diameter of the enameled wire is 0.03 mm, and the assembled electronic devices are micro speakers, vibration motors, and receivers.
  • the enameled wire conductor is used in speakers and receivers.
  • the coil of Example 1 includes 0.5 parts of graphene by volume, and its conductivity is increased by 12% IACS, the sensitivity is increased by 0.98 dB, the tensile strength is increased from 267 MPa to 295 MPa, and the fatigue disconnection time is extended from 152 hours to 174 hours when the 1W sine model is input.
  • the coil of Example 3 includes 30 parts of graphene by volume, and its conductivity is increased by 35% IACS, the sensitivity is increased by 2.70 dB, the tensile strength is increased by 116 MPa, and the fatigue disconnection time is extended by 708 hours.
  • This Example 3 increases the volume fraction of graphene, and its conductivity, tensile strength and fatigue disconnection time are greatly improved compared with Example 1.
  • Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 are both copper-clad aluminum conductors (containing 15% copper).
  • Example 2 includes 0.2 parts by volume of graphene and 99.8 parts by volume of copper-clad aluminum conductors, while Comparative Example 2 only includes 100 parts by volume of copper-clad aluminum conductors, and both are assembled into 1520-size micro speakers in PAD.
  • Table 3 relative to Comparative Example 2, the conductivity of Example 2 is increased from 63% IACS to 67% IACS, the sensitivity is increased from 125.10 dB to 125.63 dB, the tensile strength is increased from 217 MPa to 259 MPa, and the fatigue break time is extended from 134 hours to 157 hours.
  • the coil of Example 4 includes 15 parts by volume of carbon nanotubes, and the rest is copper-clad aluminum conductor (copper content 30%), and its conductivity is increased by 20% IACS, sensitivity is increased by 2.40 dB, tensile strength is increased by 101 MPa, and fatigue disconnection time is extended by almost 400 hours.
  • This Example 4 uses 30 parts of carbon nanotubes, which is much larger than the 0.2 volume part of graphene in Example 2, and its conductivity, tensile strength and fatigue disconnection time are greatly improved.
  • the substrate of Example 5 is pure copper, and 1 volume fraction of graphene and 1 volume fraction of carbon nanotubes are added, and the sum of the volume fractions of the substrate, graphene and carbon nanotubes is 100 parts; the coil of Comparative Example 5 only includes 100 volume fractions of pure copper.
  • the conductivity of Example 5 is increased by 11% IACS, the sensitivity is increased by 0.90dB, the tensile strength is increased from 279 MPa to 310 MPa, and the tensile strength is increased by 31 MPa; and in the maximum power experiment, the wire is extended from 168 hours of continuous wire in Comparative Example 5 to 213 hours of continuous wire in Example 5, and the fatigue wire break time is increased by 45 hours. Therefore, the coil with graphene and carbon nanotubes added at the same time improves the conductivity, sensitivity and tensile strength of the enameled wire conductor, and the fatigue resistance is also greatly enhanced.
  • Example 6 100 48.2 1.741
  • Example 7 130 33.1 2.376 According to Table 2 and Table 4, relative to Comparative Example 6, the enameled wire conductor of Example 6 includes 2 parts of carbon nanotubes by volume, and its conductivity is increased by 19% IACS, the steady-state response speed is increased by 8.9ms, the steady-state response speed of the motor is increased by 18.5%, and the transient vibration amount is increased by 0.322.
  • the enameled wire conductor of Example 7 includes 25 parts of graphene and 75 parts of pure copper by volume, and its conductivity is increased by 30%% IACS, the steady-state response speed of the motor is increased by 26.4%, and the transient vibration amount is increased by 30.0%.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种线圈、能量转换器件，其中，该线圈所用的漆包线，按体积份数计，所述漆包线的导体的制备材料包括：基材70-99.8份，石墨烯0.2-30份，和/或碳纳米管0.2-30份。本发明技术方案同时提高了漆包线的导电率和耐疲劳特性。

Description

一种线圈、能量转换器件 技术领域
本发明涉及线圈技术领域，特别涉及一种线圈、能量转换器件。
 背景技术
线圈通常指呈环形的导线绕组，应用线圈的有马达、电感、变压器和环形天线等。电路中的线圈是指电感器，是指导线一根一根绕起来，导线彼此互相绝缘，而绝缘管可以是空心的，也可以包含铁芯或磁粉芯，简称电感。
线圈通电后，受到电磁力的作用，并且在电磁力的作用下运动，从而产生机械能。其中，线圈的导体导电率越高，能量转换效率越高，灵敏度越高；但是，由于线圈自身的震动，容易导致线圈疲劳断线。
 技术问题
本发明的主要目的是提供一种线圈、能量转换器件，旨在同时提高线圈导体的导电率和抗拉强度。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提出的线圈，用于扬声器或马达，按体积份数计，所述线圈通过漆包线绕制而成，所述漆包线的导体的制备材料包括：基材70-99.8份，石墨烯0.2-30份，和/或碳纳米管0.2-30份。
在一实施例中，按体积份数计，所述漆包线导体的制备材料包括石墨烯0.2-1份。
在一实施例中，按体积份数计，所述漆包线导体的制备材料包括碳纳米管1-2份。
在一实施例中，所述基材包括铜、铝、银、金或铜合金中的一种或多种，所述石墨烯和/或所述碳纳米管均匀分布在基材中。
在一实施例中，所述基材为铜包铝导体，按体积份数计，所述铜包铝导体的铜在所述漆包线的导体中的体积份数为10-80份，铝为19.8-60份，所述石墨烯和/或所述碳纳米管匀分布在所述铜包铝导体的铜和/或铝中。
在一实施例中，所述铜包铝导体的铜包裹在铜包铝导体的铝表面。
本发明还提出一种能量转换器件，所述能量转换器件包括线圈，按体积份数计，所述线圈通过漆包线绕制而成，所述漆包线导体的制备材料包括：基材70-99.8份，石墨烯0.2-30份，和/或碳纳米管0.2-30份。
在一实施例中，所述能量转换器件用于将电能转换为机械能，所述能量转换器件为微型扬声器、振动马达、传动马达中的一种。
 有益效果
本发明技术方案线圈应用于扬声器或马达，通电线圈在磁场中产生电磁力，实现电能到机械能的转换，该线圈漆包线导体通过采用基材体积份数为70-99.8份、石墨烯体积份数为0.2-30份和/或碳纳米管体积份数为0.2-30份，使得该线圈具有较高的导电性能和机械性能，提高了线圈漆包线宝体的导电率和抗拉强度，而线圈导体的导电性能越高，扬声器和马达的能量转换效率高、灵敏度高（扬声器）和震动量越高（马达），线圈导体的抗疲劳断线能力越强，线圈不容易由于震动导致疲劳断线，从而延长了扬声器的使用寿命。本发明应用于扬声器或马达的线圈，含有特定体积份数的石墨烯和/或碳纳米管，可将导电率提高达19% IACS，扬声器的灵敏度增加1.51dB，抗拉强度可以提高31MPa，扬声器的疲劳断线时间最大延长45小时，马达的稳态响应速度提高20%，瞬态振动量提高17%。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明扬声器一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1扬声器在A-A方向的剖面示意图;
图3为图1扬声器的爆炸示意图；
图4为本发明马达一实施例的结构示意图；
图5为图4中马达在B-B方向的剖面示意图；
图6为图4中马达去除外壳的爆炸示意图。
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 扬声器 20 马达
11 壳体 21 外壳
12 线圈    
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提出一种线圈。
请参照图1和图3、图4在本发明实施例中，线圈12用于扬声器10或马达20，按体积份数计，该线圈12通过漆包线绕制而成，漆包线的导体的制备材料包括：基材70-99.8份，石墨烯0.2-30份，和/或碳纳米管0.2-30份。
本发明技术方案线圈12应用于扬声器10或马达20，通电线圈12在磁场中产生电磁力，实现电能到机械能的转换，该线圈12漆包线导体通过采用基材体积份数为70-99.8份、石墨烯体积份数为0.2-30份和/或碳纳米管体积份数为0.2-30份，使得该线圈12具有较高的导电性能和机械性能，提高了线圈12漆包线导体的导电率和抗拉强度，而线圈12导体的导电性能越高，扬声器10和马达20的能量转换效率高、灵敏度高（扬声器10）和震动量越高（马达20），线圈12导体的抗疲劳断线能力越强，线圈12不容易由于震动导致疲劳断线，从而延长了扬声器10的使用寿命。本发明应用于扬声器10或马达20的线圈12，含有特定体积份数的石墨烯和/或碳纳米管，可将导电率提高达19% IACS，扬声器10的灵敏度增加1.51dB，抗拉强度可以提高31MPa，扬声器10的疲劳断线时间最大延长45小时，马达20的稳态响应速度提高20%，瞬态振动量提高17%。
具体而言，该基材采用导电材料制成，用于在通电后在磁场中产生电磁力，从而可以产生机械运动。该基材可以是金属材料，也可以是合金材料，或者是具有导电功能的高分子材料，只要基材的材料可以导电后产生电磁力即可。
请参照图1至图3，该扬声器10可以包括壳体11和线圈12，线圈12可以安装在壳体11内。可以理解的是，该线圈12可以为音圈，壳体11可以包括底板、侧板和顶板。请参照图4至图6，该马达20可以包括外壳21和振动组件，振动组件可以包括线圈12，通过线圈12实现电能向机械能的转换。
在一实施例中，所述基材包括铜、铝、银、金或铜合金中的一种或多种。也就是说，该基材可以是单一材料，如纯铜；也可以是多种材料，如铜包铝、合金材料等等。通过采用具有导电功能的基材作为线圈12的主要材料，从而使线圈12在导电后可以产生电磁力，再转化为机械运动，进而驱动部件发生运动。
在一实施例中，所述基材为铜包铝导体，减少了铜的使用量，从而降低了生产成本；加入了铝，使得线圈12的可塑性更强；并且，由于铜包铝的密度是纯铜的1/2.5，从而降低了线圈12的重量；另外，在相同直径和重量的条件下，铜包铝基材的线圈12长度比纯铜基材的线圈12长度大得多，从而进一步大大降低了线圈12的生产成本。在一实施例中，按体积份数计，所述铜包铝导体的铜在所述漆包线的导体中的体积份数为10-80份，铝为19.8-60份。
在一实施例中，该铜包铝导体中，铜包裹铝表面，从而形成铜包铝导体。在一实施例中，该漆包线导体的石墨烯和/或碳纳米管、基材之间的关系可以是，所述石墨烯和/或所述碳纳米管均匀分布在基材中，从而使石墨烯和/或碳纳米管的分布均匀，更有利于漆包线的导电率和抗拉强度的提高。
具体的，该线圈12的制备材料包括石墨烯，石墨烯可以是纳米材料，也可以是非纳米材料，石墨烯具有极高的导电率，其导电率比铜的导电率至少高100倍，并且可使电子运动比单晶硅至少快100倍，从而提高线圈12的整体导电率，进而提高了线圈12的能量转换效率和灵敏度，以减少能量损失，缩短反应时间。并且，石墨烯具有极高的强度，比钢的强度至少大200倍；同时，石墨烯具有高热导率和高抗拉强度，即使石墨烯在被拉伸或弯曲的情况下，也不失去其电气性质，所以，线圈12通过加入石墨烯不但可以提高线圈12的导电率，还能增加线圈12的抗拉强度，提高了线圈12的能量转换效率、灵敏度和抗疲劳断线能力。
该石墨烯的含量不能太高，也不能太低。如果石墨烯的含量过高，不但极大地增加了材料成本，浪费材料，还容易发生团聚，不利于石墨烯在基材中的分散；如果石墨烯的含量太低，不能提高线圈12的导电率和抗拉强度，无法得到导电率和抗拉强度大的线圈12。因此，该线圈12的制备材料中，按体积份数计，石墨烯为0.2-30份。进一步地，在一实施例中，按体积份数计，石墨烯0.2-1份。
具体的，碳纳米管是一种具有特殊结构（径向尺寸为纳米量级，轴向尺寸为微米量级，管子两端基本上都封口）的一维量子材料，主要由呈六边形排列的碳原子构成数层到数十层的同轴圆管，层与层之间保持固定的距离，可以约0.34nm，直径可以为2~20nm。并且，根据碳六边形沿轴向的不同取向可以将其分成锯齿形、扶手椅型和螺旋型三种。
碳纳米管是一维纳米材料，重量轻，六边形结构连接完美，具有许多异常的力学和化学性能。碳纳米管加入基材中，可使线圈12表现出良好的强度、弹性、抗疲劳性等，从而极大地改善了线圈12的各种性能。由于碳纳米管的结构与石墨的片层结构相同，所以具有很好的电学性能，电导率可达铜的一万倍。另外，碳纳米管具有较大的抗拉强度，是钢的100倍，但其密度却只有钢的六分之一，比常规石墨纤维高一个数量级；它的弹性模量可达1TPa，与金刚石的弹性模量相当，约为钢的5倍。碳纳米管的结构虽然与高分子材料的结构相似，但其结构却比高分子材料稳定得多。
同样地，碳纳米管的含量不能太高，也不能太低。如果碳纳米管的含量过高，不但增加了材料成本，浪费材料，还容易可能降低线圈12的导电率和抗拉强度；如果碳纳米管的含量太低，也将不能提高线圈12的导电率和抗拉强度，无法得到导电率高和抗拉强度大的线圈12。因此，该线圈12的制备材料中，按体积份数计，碳纳米管为0.2-30份。进一步地，在一实施例中，按体积份数计，碳纳米管1-2份。
在一实施例中，所述线圈12通过漆包线绕制而成。漆包线包括导体和绝缘体组成，裸线经退火软化后，再经过多次涂漆，加热成型；可以分为铜丝漆包线、铝丝漆包线、铜铝合金漆包线等等。线圈12可以以漆包线按一定形状绕制而成，可以由一匝或多匝串联组成，可以有两个引出线，一个叫首端，另一个叫尾端。漆包线的工艺简单，价格便宜，厚度较厚，从而进一步降低了线圈12的生产成本；通过采用漆包线绕制形成线圈12，对于干扰磁场起到很好的抑制作用，从而可以提高精度。
本发明还提出一种能量转换器件，该能量转换器件包括线圈12，该线圈12的具体结构参照上述实施例，由于本能量转换器件采用了上述所有实施例的全部技术方案，因此至少具有上述实施例的技术方案所带来的所有有益效果，在此不再一一赘述。其中，该能量转换器件用于将电能转换为机械能，转换器可以为扬声器10，也可以为马达20。
在一实施例中，该扬声器10为微型扬声器，或者，该马达20为振动马达或传动马达。微型扬声器可以包括盆架、磁钢、极片、音膜、音圈，其中，音圈包括上述的线圈12；通过微型扬声器10采用该线圈12，从而提高了微型扬声器10中线圈12的导电率和抗拉强度，使得体积微小的扬声器10具有较长的使用寿命。振动马达和传动马达均包括上述的线圈12，振动马达通过线圈12输入电流的方向不同，使得驱动组件旋转起来，当驱动组件转动的时候，偏心轮的圆心质点不在电机的转心上，不断地处于失去平衡状态，由于惯性作用引起震动。微型扬声器，振动马达、传动马达通过采用上述的线圈12，可以将电能转换为机械能，从而驱动部件发生运动，实现相应的效果。
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜99.5份，石墨烯0.5份，其中石墨烯均匀分布在纯铜基材中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成手表中的0815尺寸的微型扬声器。
实施例2
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：铜包铝导体（含铜量15%）99.8份，石墨烯0.2份，其中石墨烯均匀分布在铜包铝导体中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成PAD中的1520尺寸的微型扬声器。
实施例3
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜70份，石墨烯30份，其中石墨烯均匀分布在纯铜基材中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成PAD中的1134尺寸扬声器。
实施例4
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：铜包铝导体（含铜量30%）85份，碳纳米管15份，其中碳纳米管均匀分布在铜包铝导体中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成PAD中的1520尺寸的微型扬声器。
实施例5
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜98份，石墨烯1份，碳纳米管1份，其中石墨烯和碳纳米管均匀分布在纯铜基材中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制线圈，以制备0809尺寸的受话器。
实施例6
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜98份，碳纳米管2份，其中碳纳米管均匀分布在纯铜基材中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成线圈，并将线圈组装成手机中的0815尺寸的振动马达。
实施例7
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜75份，石墨烯25份，其中石墨烯均匀分布在纯铜基材中；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成线圈，并将线圈组装成手机中的0620尺寸的振动马达。
对比例1
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括纯铜100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成手表中的0815尺寸的微型扬声器。
对比例2
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括铜包铝导体（含铜量15%）100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成PAD中的1520尺寸的微型扬声器。
对比例3
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成PAD中的1134尺寸扬声器。
对比例4
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：铜包铝导体（含铜量30%）100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成音圈，并将音圈组装成PAD中的1520尺寸的微型扬声器。
对比例5
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括纯铜100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制线圈，以制备0809尺寸的受话器。
对比例6
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括纯铜100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成线圈，并将线圈组装成手机中的0815尺寸的振动马达。
实施例7
一种线圈，按体积份数计，其制备材料包括：纯铜100份；通过漆包线（导体直径为0.03mm）绕制形成线圈，并将线圈组装成手机中的0620尺寸的振动马达。
以上实施例1至实施例7、对比例1至对比例7的组分及相应的含量请参照下表1-表2。
表1 扬声器和受话器的各组分及含量表
样品 基材/体积份数 石墨烯/体积份数 碳纳米管/体积份数 尺寸 电子设备
实施例1 纯铜99.5 0.5 / 0815 微型扬声器
实施例2 铜包铝导体（含铜量15%）99.8 0.2 / 1520 微型扬声器
实施例3 纯铜70.0 30 / 1134 扬声器
实施例4 铜包铝导体（含铜量30%）85.0 / 15 1520 微型扬声器
实施例5 纯铜98.0 1 1 0809 受话器
对比例1 纯铜100.0 / / 0815 微型扬声器
对比例2 铜包铝导体（含铜量15%）100.0 / / 1520 微型扬声器
对比例3 纯铜100.0 / / 1134 扬声器
对比例4 铜包铝导体（含铜量30%）100.0 / / 1520 微型扬声器
对比例5 纯铜100 / / 0809 受话器
表2 马达的各组分及含量表
样品 基材/体积份数 石墨烯/体积份数 碳纳米管/体积份数 尺寸 电子设备
实施例6 纯铜98 / 2 0815 振动马达
实施例7 纯铜75 25 / 0620 振动马达
对比例6 纯铜100 / / 0815 振动马达
对比例7 纯铜100 / / 0620 振动马达
为了验证本发明线圈的各种性能，对上述7个实施例、以及7个对比例中产品性能进行测试。结果参照下表3-表4。
表3 扬声器和受话器产品的性能测试结果
样品 导电率/% IACS 灵敏度/dB 抗拉强度/MPa 疲劳断线时间/小时
对比例1 100 102.00 267 152
实施例1 112 102.98 295 174
对比例2 63 125.10 217 134
实施例2 67 125.63 259 157
对比例3 100 102.30 264 234
实施例3 135 104.90 380 942
对比例4 63 125.10 217 134
实施例4 83 127.50 318 526
对比例5 100 122.10 279 168
实施例5 111 123.00 310 213
根据表1和表2，实施例1至实施例7包括石墨烯和/或碳纳米管，基材与石墨烯和/或碳纳米管的体积份数之和为100份，均通过漆包线绕制成线圈，漆包线的导体直径均为0.03mm，组装的电子设备为微型扬声器、振动马达和受话器。而对比例1至对比例7均不含有石墨烯或碳纳米管，且基材的体积份数为100份，其它与相应的实施例相同，均通过漆包线绕制成线圈，漆包线的导体直径均为0.03mm，组装的电子设备为微型扬声器、振动马达和受话器。
根据表1和表3，漆包线导体在应用于扬声器和受话器中，相对于对比例1，实施例1的线圈包括体积份数0.5份石墨烯，其导电率提高了12% IACS，灵敏度提高了0.98 dB，抗拉强度由267 MPa增大至295 MPa，并且，输入1W正弦型号，疲劳断线时间从152小时延长至174小时。同样地，相对于对比例3，实施例3的线圈包括体积份数30份石墨烯，其导电率提高了35% IACS，灵敏度提高了2.70 dB，抗拉强度增大了116 MPa，疲劳断线时间足足延长了708小时。该实施例3增大了石墨烯的体积份数，相比实施例1而言，其导电率、抗拉强度和疲劳断线时间都得到较大的提高。
实施例2和对比例2的基材均为铜包铝导体（含铜量15%），实施例2包括体积份数为0.2份石墨烯和体积份数为99.8份的铜包铝导体，而对比例2仅包括体积份数为100份的铜包铝导体，均组装成PAD中的1520尺寸微型扬声器。根据表3可知，相对于对比例2，实施例2的导电率从63% IACS提高至67% IACS，灵敏度从125.10 dB增大至125.63 dB，抗拉强度由217MPa增大至259MPa，并且，疲劳断线时间从134小时延长至157小时。
同样地，相对于对比例4，实施例4的线圈包括体积份数15份碳纳米管，其余为铜包铝导体（含铜量30%），其导电率提高了20% IACS，灵敏度提高了2.40 dB，抗拉强度增大了101MPa，疲劳断线时间延长了差不多400小时。该实施例4采用碳纳米管30份，其体积份数远大于增大了实施例2的石墨烯0.2体积份数，其导电率、抗拉强度和疲劳断线时间都得到较大的提高。
实施例5的基材为纯铜，加入了体积份数为1份石墨烯和体积份数为1份碳纳米管，基材、石墨烯和碳纳米管的体积分数之和为100份；对比例5的线圈仅包括体积份数为100份的纯铜。根据性能测试结果可知，相对于对比例5，实施例5的导电率提高了11% IACS，灵敏度提高了0.90dB，抗拉强度由279 MPa增大至310 MPa，抗拉强度增大了31 MPa；并且，最大功率实验中，由对比例5的坚持168小时不断线，延长至实施例5的坚持213小时不断线，疲劳断线时间增加了45小时。所以，同时加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的线圈，提高了漆包线导体的导电率、灵敏度和抗拉强度，耐疲劳特性也大大增强。
表4马达产品的性能测试结果
样品 导电率/% IACS 稳态响应速度（RT/BT）/ms 瞬态震动量（Gp）
对比例6 100 48.2 1.741
实施例7 119 39.3 2.063
对比例6 100 45.0 1.828
实施例7 130 33.1 2.376
根据表2和表4可知，相对于对比例6，实施例6的漆包线导体包括体积份数2份碳纳米管，其导电率提高了19% IACS，稳态响应速度提高了8.9ms，马达的稳态响应速度提高18.5%，瞬态振动量提高了0.322。同样地，相对于对比例7，实施例7的漆包线导体包括体积份数25份石墨烯和75份的纯铜，其导电率足足提高了30%% IACS，马达的稳态响应速度提高26.4%，瞬态振动量提高了30.0%。
由此说明，分别含有石墨烯和碳纳米管的本申请线圈的漆包线导体，其导电率均得到提高，也提升灵敏度（扬声器）或震动量（马达），缩短稳态响应速度（马达）；并且，也极大地提高了扬声器的抗拉强度或马达的瞬态震动量。
以上所述仅为本发明的可选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种线圈，用于扬声器或马达，其特征在于，按体积份数计，所述线圈通过漆包线绕制而成，所述漆包线的导体的制备材料包括：基材70-99.8份，石墨烯0.2-30份，和/或碳纳米管0.2-30份。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的线圈，其特征在于，按体积份数计，所述漆包线导体的制备材料包括石墨烯0.2-1份。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的线圈，其特征在于，按体积份数计，所述漆包线导体的制备材料包括碳纳米管1-2份。
  4. 如权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的线圈，其特征在于，所述基材包括铜、铝、银、金或铜合金中的一种或多种，所述石墨烯和/或所述碳纳米管均匀分布在基材中。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的线圈，其特征在于，所述基材为铜包铝导体，按体积份数计，所述铜包铝导体的铜在所述漆包线的导体中的体积份数为10-80份，铝为19.8-60份，所述石墨烯和/或所述碳纳米管匀分布在所述铜包铝导体的铜和/或铝中。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的线圈，其特征在于，所述铜包铝导体的铜包裹在铜包铝导体的铝表面。
  7. 一种能量转换器件，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的线圈。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的能量转换器件，其特征在于，所述能量转换器件用于将电能转换为机械能，所述能量转换器件为微型扬声器、振动马达、传动马达中的一种。
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