WO2024121005A1

WO2024121005A1 - Heat exchanger with cellular structure

Info

Publication number: WO2024121005A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/083993
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mathieu BOCQUAIRE; Guilhem Roux
Original assignee: Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives
Priority date: 2022-12-06
Filing date: 2023-12-01
Publication date: 2024-06-13
Also published as: FR3142797A1

Abstract

Heat exchanger (1) comprising: a metallic shell (3), a metallic and monolithic body (17) in the shell and extending longitudinally between first (23) and second (25) faces, a duct (27) for transporting a first fluid in the body between an inlet (29) and an outlet (31) which open onto the first and second faces, a duct (35) for transporting a second fluid in the body between an inlet (37) and an outlet (39), the body comprising a wall (49) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and separating the ducts for transporting the first and second fluids, the shell comprising an intake opening (9) and a discharge opening (11) for the second fluid communicating with the inlet and outlet for the second fluid, respectively, the shell and the body defining a cavity for the circulation of the second fluid that is sealed with respect to the second fluid between the intake opening and the discharge opening for the second fluid.

Description

Title: Honeycomb structure heat exchanger

The present invention relates to alveolar type heat exchangers, in particular intended to cool a fluid whose temperature is between 50 °C and 1000 °C, in particular greater than 300 °C, for example in the metallurgical, chemical, petrochemical or electronic.

A heat exchanger allows the transfer of heat between two fluids through a heat exchange wall and without mixing the fluids. The heat exchange wall is generally made of the most conductive material possible, for example a metal such as copper, in order to promote heat exchange and limit thermal losses.

Heat transfer is promoted by the temperature difference between the two fluids, with heat going from hotter to colder. Thus one of the fluids is cooled while the other fluid is heated after passing through the heat exchanger. Generally, the fluids circulate in the exchanger counter-current, i.e. in parallel and opposite directions of circulation, or in cross-flow, i.e. in perpendicular directions of circulation. Such types of circulation improve the efficiency of heat transfer compared to co-current circulation, i.e. in the same parallel circulation directions.

The efficiency of heat transfer depends on the shape and dimensions of the wall, the material of which the wall is made, the composition and velocities of the fluids and the temperature difference between the fluids.

Many types of heat exchangers are known, for example tubular exchangers, plate exchangers, regenerators and direct contact exchangers. Exchangers with a cellular structure are also known, which include fluid transport conduits which are formed in the mass of the heat exchanger, generally by additive manufacturing. Such heat exchangers are adapted to the circulation of a single fluid within them.

It is known from US 2021/0003349 Al a heat exchanger with a cellular structure comprising conduits formed in the mass of the heat exchanger, for the exchange of heat between two fluids circulating in different conduits. The heat exchanger of US 2021/0003349 Al, however, has transport conduits of a first fluid which each have a reduced transverse section in order to allow the supply of a second fluid in other conduits.

There is a need to improve heat exchangers.

The invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising: a metal shell, a metal and monolithic heat exchange body, housed in the shell and extending along a longitudinal axis between first and second opposite faces, a heat transport conduit a first fluid provided in the heat exchange body between an inlet of the first fluid and an outlet of the first fluid which open onto the first and second faces respectively, a conduit for transporting a second fluid provided in the heat exchange body between a second fluid inlet and a second fluid outlet, the heat exchange body comprising a heat exchange wall extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and separating the transport conduit of the first fluid from the transport conduit of the second fluid, the calender comprising a second fluid inlet opening and a second fluid discharge opening which are in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet respectively, the calender and the body of heat exchange delimiting a circulation cavity for the second fluid which is sealed to the second fluid between the second fluid intake opening and the second fluid discharge opening.

As will become clear subsequently, the heat exchanger according to the invention makes it possible to simply introduce the first and second fluid into the heat exchanger separately, for example by means of a simple inlet connection for each of the first and second fluids, then simply extracting them from the heat exchanger, for example by means of a simple evacuation connection for each of the first and second fluids. In addition, the heat exchanger is compact and low mass.

The second fluid circulation cavity is sealed against the second fluid between the second fluid inlet opening and the second fluid discharge opening. In other words, a volume of second fluid entering through the second fluid intake opening comes out entirely and only through the second fluid discharge opening. The longitudinal axis may be rectilinear or curvilinear or consist of a succession of rectilinear portions, or even a succession of curvilinear portions and rectilinear portions.

The heat exchange body is preferably obtained by an additive manufacturing technique. Such a heat exchange body is simple to manufacture.

The heat exchange body can be fixed on the grille. For example, it is introduced into the grille and then welded onto the grille.

In a preferred variant, the assembly formed by the heat exchange body and the calender is monolithic. Preferably, it is obtained by an additive manufacturing technique. The production of the heat exchanger is thus simplified.

The additive manufacturing technique is preferably a powder bed additive manufacturing technique. It is for example chosen from:

- additive manufacturing by selective laser melting, also called “SLM” additive manufacturing,

- additive manufacturing by selective laser sintering, also called “SLS” additive manufacturing,

- additive manufacturing by powder projection, also called “DED” or “cold spray” (cold projection in French), and

- additive manufacturing by wire deposition, also called “WAAM”

These additive manufacturing techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.

The heat exchange body and the grille are metallic. The heat exchange body and/or the calender may be made of a metallic material chosen from a steel, in particular a stainless steel, a copper-based alloy, an aluminum-based alloy, a titanium-based alloy and a nickel-based alloy. A “metal-based alloy” contains more than 50% by mass of said metal.

The grille is preferably hollow. It may have a general tubular and hollow shape.

Preferably, the calender comprises a calender wall defining a calender housing in which the heat exchange body is arranged.

Preferably, the second fluid intake opening and/or the second fluid discharge opening are formed in the calender wall and pass right through it, in particular to open into the calender housing. The heat exchanger may include several second fluid inlet openings and/or several second fluid discharge openings.

Preferably, the heat exchange body has first and second longitudinal walls whose exterior faces are respectively the first and second faces through which the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet respectively open. Preferably, the first and second longitudinal walls may have a side face of complementary shape to the interior face of the calender wall. Such complementarity of shape facilitates the sealing of the second fluid circulation cavity.

Obviously, to ensure that the first and second fluid are not in contact with each other, the heat exchange wall is sealed against each of said fluids. Preferably it is full.

The thickness of the heat exchange wall is for example between 200 pm and 5 mm. In a variant embodiment, it is less than 1 mm, in particular less than 500 pm.

Preferably, in order to increase the efficiency of heat transfer, the heat exchanger comprises several conduits for transporting the first fluid and several conduits for transporting the second fluid.

Preferably, the conduits for transporting the first fluid and the conduits for transporting the second fluid are parallel to each other.

Preferably, at least one, in particular each, of the conduits for transporting the first fluid is separated from at least two, or even at least four, in particular four, conduits for transporting the second fluid by an exchange wall. corresponding thermal.

The heat exchange body may include a wall separating two conduits for transporting the second fluid. It may include a wall separating two conduits for transporting the first fluid. Preferably, at least two of the transport conduits of the first fluid can be spaced from each other by a wall which delimits at least one, or even two, of the heat exchange channels of the second fluid. According to another preferred variant, at least two, preferably each, of the conduits for transporting the first fluid are separated by a wall of which, measured in a section transverse to the longitudinal axis, represents less than 10% of the surface area. the heat exchange wall between a conduit for transporting a first fluid and a conduit for transporting the second fluid. Of in this way, the heat exchange between the flows of first fluid circulating in adjacent conduits is reduced.

The diameter of at least one, preferably each, of the transport conduits of the first fluid and/or the diameter of at least one, preferably of each, of the transport conduits of the second fluid may be between 1 mm and 10mm. The diameter of a conduit is measured in a plane transverse to the axis of the conduit and is the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribed by the contour of the conduit.

At least one of the first fluid transport conduits, in particular each of the first fluid transport conduits, may have a constant diameter between the first fluid inlet and the first fluid outlet.

At least one of the second fluid transport conduits, in particular each of the second fluid transport conduits, may have a constant diameter between the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet.

Preferably, the contour of at least one, preferably each, of the circulation conduits of the first fluid and the contour of at least one, preferably of each, of the circulation conduits of the second fluid have different shapes, when ' observed along the longitudinal axis. Thus, it is possible to increase the number of conduits for transporting the first fluid neighboring a conduit for transporting the second fluid, while reducing the mass of the heat exchange wall separating the conduits.

Preferably, the contour of at least one, preferably each, of the transport conduits of the first fluid has the shape of a diamond, and the contour of at least one, preferably of each, of the transport conduits of the first fluid second fluid has a different shape, in particular polygonal, for example triangular, square or hexagonal, said contours being observed along the longitudinal axis. A diamond-shaped contour is more suitable than a square or hexagonal shape and ensures that each circulation conduit for the first fluid is separated from at least one of the circulation conduits for the second fluid. The heat exchanger is then more particularly efficient by promoting heat exchange over a large exchange surface between the fluids. The total number of transport conduits and the mass of the heat exchange body can thus be reduced.

Preferably, at least two of the transport conduits of the first fluid, preferably all the transport conduits of the first fluid have an identical section and/or at least two of the transport conduits of the second fluid, preferably all conduits for transporting the second fluid have an identical section, the sections being observed along the longitudinal axis. Two identical sections have the same shape and the same area.

Preferably, make the section of at least one, preferably each, of the circulation conduits of the first fluid and the area of the section of at least one, preferably of each, of the circulation conduits of the second fluid are different, the sections being observed along the longitudinal axis. In this way, the efficiency of heat exchange between the first and second fluids can be optimized.

Preferably, in a section normal to the longitudinal axis, the total area occupied by the first fluid conduit(s) and by the second fluid conduit(s) represents more than 20% of the area of the surface defined by the inner contour of the grille wall.

The ratio between the sectional area of one of the circulation conduits of the first fluid and the sectional area of one of the circulation conduits of the second fluid adjacent to said circulation conduit of the first fluid may be between 1 and 3, said sections being observed along the longitudinal axis.

The first fluid transport conduits and the second fluid transport conduits are preferably distributed regularly, preferably periodically, in at least one direction transverse to the longitudinal axis, preferably in two directions transverse to the longitudinal axis and perpendicular between them.

Preferably, the calender and the heat exchange body delimit a second fluid admission chamber into which at least part of the second fluid inlets open and/or a second fluid evacuation chamber into which at least one opens. part of the second fluid outlets. The second fluid intake chamber thus makes it possible to distribute the second fluid to the different second fluid transport conduits with which it is in fluid communication and the second fluid evacuation chamber makes it possible to collect the second fluid leaving said conduits.

Preferably, the second fluid intake opening opens into the second fluid intake chamber and/or the second fluid discharge opening opens into the second fluid discharge chamber, which facilitates distribution and collecting the second fluid in the heat exchanger. Preferably, the second fluid admission chamber is sealed to the second fluid between the second fluid admission opening and the second fluid inlets which open into the second fluid admission chamber, and/or the second fluid admission chamber, The second fluid discharge is sealed against the second fluid between the second fluid discharge opening and the second fluid outlets opening into the second fluid discharge chamber.

According to one embodiment, all the second fluid inlets open into the second fluid intake chamber and all the second fluid outlets open into the second fluid evacuation chamber.

According to another embodiment, the second fluid inlets of a first part of the plurality of second fluid circulation conduits open into the second fluid admission chamber. The second fluid outlets of the conduits of said first part and the second fluid inlets of a second part of the plurality of conduits for transporting the second fluid are preferably in fluid communication. The second fluid inlets of the conduits of said second part are preferably opposite along the longitudinal axis to the first fluid inlets of the conduits of said first part. In this way, the second fluid circulates in one direction in the conduits of the first part, then in an opposite direction in the conduits of the second part. In particular, the calender and the heat exchange body can delimit at least one transfer chamber, the second fluid outlets of the conduits of the first part and the second fluid inlets of the conduits of the second fraction part in the transfer chamber . The transfer chamber is preferably sealed between the second fluid outlets of the conduits of the first part and the second fluid inlets of the conduits of the second part.

Furthermore, at least one, or even each, of the circulation conduits of the first fluid can be sealed against the first fluid between its first fluid inlet and its first fluid outlet and/or at least one, or even each, of the circulation conduits of the first fluid. second fluid can be sealed against the second fluid between its second fluid inlet and its second fluid outlet.

Alternatively, at least two of the first fluid circulation conduits, respectively the second fluid circulation conduits, can be separated from each other by a wall comprising a turbulator in the form of a through recess said wall on both sides. Thus, said wall fluidly connects the two adjacent conduits for circulating the first fluid, respectively the second fluid. The assembly formed by the two circulation conduits of the first fluid, respectively by the circulation conduits of the second fluid, is thus sealed to the first fluid, respectively between the inlets and outlets of the two corresponding conduits.

Preferably, the turbulator extends longitudinally, in order to increase the turbulence of the flow in said conduits. Preferably, the wall separating the two conduits may include several turbulators distributed regularly along the longitudinal axis.

Furthermore, the calender may comprise a first fluid inlet opening and/or a first fluid discharge opening which are in fluid communication with at least one, preferably each, of the first fluid inlets and/or or with at least one, preferably each, of the first fluid outlets respectively.

The calender may comprise a first fluid intake chamber into which the first fluid intake opening and at least one part, preferably all the first fluid inlets, open, and/or a first fluid evacuation chamber. into which the first fluid discharge opening and at least a part, preferably all of the first fluid outlets open.

Preferably, the first fluid admission chamber is sealed to the first fluid between the first fluid admission opening and the first fluid inlets opening into the first fluid admission chamber and/or the evacuation chamber of first fluid is sealed to the first fluid between the first fluid discharge opening and the first fluid outlets opening into the first fluid discharge chamber.

In particular, the calender can be a tube with a hollow longitudinal axis, and the first fluid intake and evacuation openings can be the opposite longitudinal openings of said tube.

Preferably, in order to facilitate the connection of fittings to supply and/or purge the heat exchanger with first and second fluids respectively, the first fluid inlet opening and the second fluid inlet opening are carried by different faces, in particular perpendicular, of the grille and/or the opening first fluid evacuation opening and the second fluid evacuation opening are carried by different faces, in particular perpendicular, of the calender.

Preferably, the first fluid intake and discharge openings are carried by different faces of the calender wall which are opposite along the longitudinal axis and/or the second fluid intake and discharge openings. fluid are carried by different wall faces of the calender which are opposite along the longitudinal axis.

Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the heat exchanger according to the invention for exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid and the second fluid being introduced into the heat exchange body at a temperature between 50°C and 1000°C.

Preferably, the first and second fluids are introduced into the heat exchange body with a temperature difference between them greater than 100°C, preferably greater than 200°C, or even greater than 300°C, or even greater than 500°C. vs.

Preferably, upon introduction into the heat exchange body, the first fluid is colder than the second fluid.

In at least one, preferably in each, of the first fluid circulation circuits and in at least one, preferably in each, of the second fluid circulation circuits, the direction of circulation of the first fluid may be different from the direction of circulation of the second fluid.

Preferably, the first fluid and/or the second fluid circulate in the heat exchange body in a turbulent flow regime, for example characterized by a Reynolds number greater than 2000.

The first fluid may be a gas, in particular air, and the second fluid may be a liquid, for example aqueous, in particular water.

Alternatively, the first and second fluids are liquids. For example, the first liquid is aqueous and the second liquid is an oil.

Preferably, the heat exchanger is used to cool a fluid whose temperature is greater than 100°C, or even greater than 500°C, in particular when the heat exchange body is made of a titanium-based alloy or an alloy. nickel-based. The invention can be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows, non-limiting examples of its implementation, and on examining the appended drawing, in which:

- [Fig. 1] is a perspective view of an example of a heat exchanger according to the invention,

- [Fig. 2] is a perspective view of a quarter of the heat exchanger of Figure 1, cut along a longitudinal median plane (PI) and along a transverse median plane (P2),

- [Fig. 3] is a perspective view of a section along the plane (P3) of the quarter of the heat exchanger of Figure 2,

- [Fig. 4] is a view along the arrow Fl of a part of the heat exchanger, [Fig. 5] is a view of part of the heat exchanger of Figure 1 cut by the transverse median plane (P2)

- [Fig. 6] is one along the longitudinal axis and in the direction of arrow F2 of the part seen in Figure 5,

- [Fig. 7] is a cutaway view of a transverse section of the heat exchange body of the heat exchanger illustrated in Figures 1 to 6,

- [Fig. 8] is a photograph of the heat exchanger illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 obtained by additive manufacturing

- [Fig. 9] is another example of a heat exchanger according to the invention, and

- [Fig. 10] schematically illustrates other heat exchangers according to the invention.

Figures 1 to 7 show a first example of heat exchanger 1 according to the invention. It comprises a grille 3 extending longitudinally along a rectilinear axis X. The calender 3 comprises openings for admission 5 and evacuation 7 of a first fluid which open longitudinally on either side of the calender 3. It further comprises openings for admission 9 and evacuation 11 of a second fluid carried by two of its opposite transverse faces.

Thus, as indicated by the arrow El, a first fluid can flow longitudinally from side to side in the exchanger between the intake 5 and evacuation openings 7 of the first fluid and, as indicated by the arrow E2, a second fluid can flow longitudinally from side to side of the exchanger between the openings inlet 9 and evacuation 11 of second fluid. The first and second fluids can thus exchange heat within the heat exchanger 1. In the example illustrated, the first and second fluids flow in opposite directions and parallel to the axis heat exchanger. This so-called “counter-current” mode of fluid flow is not restrictive, the fluids being able to flow in the same direction, called “co-current” as will be described later.

As is more particularly observable in Figure 2, the grille 3 has a general tubular shape with axis X and hollow. It comprises a grille wall 13 which surrounds a grille housing 15.

The heat exchanger 1 further comprises a heat exchange body 17. The heat exchange body 17 comprises first 19 and second 21 longitudinal walls having first 23 and second 25 faces, and conduits for transporting the first fluid 27 which extend longitudinally and parallel to each other between the first 23 and second 25 faces. Each of the first fluid transport conduits 27 opens its opposite ends onto the first 23 and second 25 faces via a first fluid inlet 29 and a first fluid outlet 31 respectively.

The calender 3 and the heat exchange body 17 delimit a circulation cavity for the second fluid 33 which extends longitudinally between the first 19 and second 21 walls of the heat exchanger 1. The inlet 9 and evacuation openings 11 of second fluid are provided in opposite side walls of the calender and pass through these walls right through to open into the circulation cavity of the second fluid 33.

The heat exchange body 17 further comprises second fluid transport conduits 35 which extend parallel to each other along the longitudinal axis X, each between a second fluid inlet 37 and a second fluid outlet 39.

Furthermore, a first fluid admission chamber 41, sealed to the first fluid, is defined by the calender 3 and the first wall 19 of the heat exchange body 17, between the first fluid admission opening 5 and the first fluid inlets 29, and a first fluid evacuation chamber 43 sealed to the first fluid is defined by the calender 3 and the second wall 21 of the heat exchange body 3 between the first fluid evacuation opening 11 and the first fluid outlets 31. Thus, it is possible to simply distribute the first fluid into the first fluid conduits 27 by connecting the first fluid inlet opening 9 to a simple first fluid supply connection and purge the first fluid conduits 27 by connecting the opening of evacuation of first fluid 11 to a simple first fluid purge connection.

The heat exchange body 17 and the calender 3 further delimit a second fluid inlet chamber 45 and a second fluid evacuation chamber 46 which are contained in the circulation cavity of the second fluid.

The second fluid inlets 37 and the second fluid admission opening 9 are the only openings opening into the second fluid admission chamber 45. Thus, the second fluid admission chamber is sealed to the second fluid between the second fluid inlets 37 and the admission opening 9. The second fluid admission chamber thus makes it possible to distribute the second fluid in the second fluid circulation conduits through the second fluid inlets. The second fluid outlets 39 and the second fluid evacuation opening 11 are the only openings opening into the second fluid evacuation chamber. The second fluid admission chamber thus makes it possible to purge the second fluid leaving the second fluid circulation conduits through the second fluid evacuation opening. The circulation cavity of the second fluid being sealed against the second fluid between the admission and discharge openings of the second fluid, a volume of second fluid introduced into the heat exchanger 1 through the second fluid admission opening 9 springs out entirely through the second fluid evacuation opening 11.

Furthermore, in order to ensure that the first and second fluids do not mix in the heat exchanger, the transport conduits of the first fluid 27 and the transport conduits of the second fluid 35 are each defined by a side wall 47. The side wall of a conduit for transporting the first fluid is for example visible in Figures 3 and 4, in order to ensure that the first fluid circulating in the conduit for transporting the first fluid 27 does not come into contact with the second fluid introduced into the second fluid intake chamber.

The heat exchange body 17 is shaped such that each transport conduit for the first fluid 27 is separated by a metal heat exchange wall 49 from at least one transport conduit for the second fluid 35, and vice versa. The side wall 47 of a conduit for transporting the first fluid 27 may comprise several portions S 1-4 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 7, which are each a heat exchange wall 49 separating the conduit for transporting the first fluid 27 from different conduits for transporting the second fluid 35.

As observed in Figures 6 and 7, in at least one section transverse to the longitudinal axis, the transport conduits of the first fluid 27 can have an identical shape and the transport conduits of the second fluid 33 can all have an identical shape, with the exception of those where part of the wall is defined by the grille.

In said transverse section, the conduits for transporting the first fluid and the conduits for transporting the second fluid have contours of different shapes and cover surfaces of different areas, in order to ensure optimal heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid.

In particular, the conduits for transporting the first fluid have a diamond-shaped contour Cl. A diamond shape is particularly suitable, because it makes it possible to reduce the volume of the conduit for transporting the first fluid while maximizing the exchange surface between the first fluid and the second fluid circulating in four neighboring conduits, the heat exchange wall. between one of the conduits for transporting the second fluid and the conduit for transporting the first fluid being defined in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis by one side of the diamond. The C2 contours of the second fluid transport conduits have a different shape which can be a triangular shape as illustrated.

The adjacent first fluid transport conduits 27 can be separated by a wall 51 which extends over a surface, measured in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis, whose area is less than 10% of the area of the surface covered by the heat exchange wall separating one of the transport conduits of the first fluid and one of the circulation conduit circuits of the second fluid.

Furthermore, the heat exchange body 17 comprises walls 53 which extend longitudinally between opposite interior faces 55 of the calender wall 13 and parallel to each other and which separate each of the second fluid transport conduits 22 arranged two by two along axes transverse to the longitudinal axis.

Recesses 57 of oblong shape and which extend longitudinally are provided in the wall 53 and thus communicate the transport conduits of second fluid 33 adjacent. In this way, the turbulence of the flow of the second fluid in the heat exchange body 17 is increased, which improves the heat exchange with the first fluid.

The heat exchanger illustrated schematically in Figures 1 to 7 was manufactured by selective laser fusion of a particle powder in an aluminum alloy marketed by the Toyale company. It is illustrated in Figure 8. It has a length, measured along the

The heat exchanger illustrated in Figure 9 differs from that illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 in that it extends along a longitudinal axis X formed by a succession of rectilinear and curvilinear portions. Advantageously, the heat exchanger can have a shape complementary to a housing of a device, for example a motor, in which it is intended to be placed.

Obviously, the invention is not limited to the examples described above.

For example, the flow mode of fluids can be “counter-current” or “co-current”. If necessary, those skilled in the art can easily determine the inlet and outlet of a conduit according to a flow mode which are reversed when the flow direction is reversed.

In addition, the heat exchanger can be shaped so that, in at least one of its portions, the first and second fluids flow in co-current mode and in at least one other of its parts in counter-current mode.

Figure 10 schematically illustrates different views in longitudinal section of a part of the heat exchanger 17 in which the second fluid circulates between the inlet opening 9 and the evacuation opening 11 of the second fluid. In these different examples, the first fluid flows through the first fluid circulation conduits, not shown, in the same direction indicated by the arrow V 1.

Figure 10a) illustrates the example of Figures 1 to 6 in which the second fluid enters the second fluid intake chamber 45 then is distributed by each of the second fluid inlets 37 in the corresponding transport conduits 33 where it is flows to the second fluid outlets 39 then is collected in the second fluid discharge chamber 46, where it is then purged through the second fluid discharge opening 11. Figure 10b) illustrates a variant of Figure 10a) according to which the intake chamber 45 is sealed to the second fluid between the fluid intake opening and the second fluid inlets 37 of a first row I of conduits. circulation and the second fluid outlets 39 of the first row I of circulation conduits 33 open into a second fluid transfer chamber 59 from which the second fluid is distributed into the fluid inlets of a second II and a third row of circulation conduits. Thus, the second fluid flows in a first direction in the first row I of conduits and in an opposite direction in the second II and third rows III of conduits. Finally, the second fluid opens through the second fluid outlets 39 of the second II and third III rows into a second transfer chamber 61 from which the second fluid is introduced through the second fluid inlets into a fourth row IV of conduit up to 'to the evacuation chamber then the second fluid evacuation opening. In the fourth row IV of conduits, the fluid thus flows in the same direction as in the first row I. Finally, Figure 10c) illustrates an alternative embodiment of the exchanger of Figure 10b) according to which the exchanger is shaped so that the second fluid flows from one row of conduits to another by changing flow direction in the manner of flow in a serpentine.

Claims

1. Heat exchanger (1) comprising: a metallic calender (3), a metallic and monolithic heat exchange body (17), housed in the calender and extending along a longitudinal axis (X) between first (23) ) and second (25) opposite faces, a plurality of conduits for transporting a first fluid (27), each being provided in the heat exchange body between an inlet of the first fluid (29) and an outlet of the first fluid ( 31) which open onto the first and second faces respectively, a plurality of conduits for transporting a second fluid (35), each being provided in the heat exchange body between a second fluid inlet (37) and an outlet of second fluid (39), the heat exchange body comprising heat exchange walls (49) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and separating the transport conduits of the first fluid from the transport conduits of the second fluid, the calender comprising a second fluid inlet opening (9) and a second fluid discharge opening (11) which are in fluid communication with the second fluid inlet and the second fluid outlet respectively, the shell and the body heat exchange delimiting a circulation cavity of the second fluid which is sealed to the second fluid between the second fluid intake opening and the second fluid discharge opening, the contour (Cl) of at least one, preferably of each, first fluid transport conduits (27) having the shape of a diamond, and the contour (C2) of at least one, preferably of each, of the second fluid transport conduits (35) having a different shape, said contours being observed along the longitudinal axis.

2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, the heat exchange body (17) being obtained by an additive manufacturing technique.

3. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 or 2, the assembly formed by the heat exchange body (17) and the calender (3) being monolithic, preferably obtained by an additive manufacturing technique.

4. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, the conduits for transporting the first fluid (27) and the conduits for transporting the second fluid (35) being parallel to each other.

5. Heat exchanger according to one of the preceding claims, the calender (3) and the heat exchange body (17) delimiting a second fluid admission chamber (45) into which at least part of the inlets open. second fluid (37) and/or a second fluid evacuation chamber (46) into which at least part of the second fluid outlets (39) open.

6. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, at least one, in particular each, of the conduits for transporting the first fluid (27) being separated by at least two, or even by at least four, in particular by four, conduits for transporting the second fluid (35) through a corresponding heat exchange wall (49).

7. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, at least two, preferably each, of the first fluid transport conduits (27) being separated by a wall (51) whose area, measured in a transverse section at the longitudinal axis, represents less than 10% of the area of the heat exchange wall between a conduit for transporting a first fluid (S 1-4) and a conduit for transporting the second fluid (35).

8. Heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, at least two of the first fluid transport conduits (27) being spaced from one another by a wall which delimits at least one, or even two, heat exchange channels for the second fluid (35).

9. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, the area of the section of at least one, preferably of each, of the circulation conduits of the first fluid (27) and the area of the section of at least one, preferably each, of the second fluid circulation conduits (35) being different, the sections being observed along the longitudinal axis.

10. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, at least two of the first fluid circulation conduits (27), respectively the second fluid circulation conduits (35), being separated from each other by a wall (53) comprising a turbulator in the form of a recess (57) passing through said wall on both sides.

11. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, at least one of the first fluid transport conduits (27), in particular each of the first fluid transport conduits, having a constant diameter between the first fluid inlet (29) and the first fluid outlet (31).

12. Use of the heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, to exchange heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid and the second fluid being introduced into the heat exchange body at a temperature between 50°C and 1000°C, the first fluid preferably being colder than the second fluid, upon introduction into the heat exchange body.

13. Use according to the preceding claim, in at least one, preferably in each of the first fluid circulation circuits and in at least one, preferably in each of the second fluid circulation circuits, the direction of circulation of the first fluid being different from the direction of circulation of the second fluid.