WO2024114132A1 - 一种公园广场树木移栽方法 - Google Patents

一种公园广场树木移栽方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024114132A1
WO2024114132A1 PCT/CN2023/124801 CN2023124801W WO2024114132A1 WO 2024114132 A1 WO2024114132 A1 WO 2024114132A1 CN 2023124801 W CN2023124801 W CN 2023124801W WO 2024114132 A1 WO2024114132 A1 WO 2024114132A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tree
upper frame
transplanting
seedlings
bracket
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/124801
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄广卫
张刘伟
高更磊
李猛
孙亚星
宋翠红
张利平
张文刚
张琰
闫永涛
Original Assignee
中铁七局集团有限公司
中铁七局集团郑州工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2024114132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024114132A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
    • A01G17/14—Props; Stays
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • A01G23/043—Transplanting devices for grasping, undercutting or transporting the root ball
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/06—Uprooting or pulling up trees; Extracting or eliminating stumps
    • A01G23/062—Pulling up trees or stumps
    • A01G23/065—Pulling up trees or stumps in a substantially vertical plane

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of tree transplanting, and in particular relates to a method for transplanting trees in a park square.
  • the park square After the original greening trees in the park square die, new seedlings need to be transplanted for greening.
  • the park square usually uses ginkgo trees with a breast diameter of 20-30cm, a height of 8-11 meters, a crown width of about 3-4 meters, a root ball of 6-10 times the breast diameter, a root ball of about 1.8 meters, and a root ball height of more than 0.95; the diameter of the required soil hole should be 1.5 times the diameter of the spherical surface, and the depth of the soil hole needs to exceed the thickness of the soil ball by 10-15 cm. Therefore, the diameter of the soil hole is about 2.7 meters. Considering the surface beautification, the depth of the soil hole is 1-1.1 meters.
  • the ginkgo tree is often lifted into the tree pit by a crane and then filled with soil for planting.
  • the constructed park square is a pedestrian structure, and the road surface is generally paved with bricks, such as granite pavement. Due to their own weight and large width, large cranes may damage the brick surface when entering the park square. For narrow sidewalks, large crane equipment may also crush the planted lawns beside the sidewalks. Therefore, a tree transplanting method is needed that does not require the use of large crane equipment in park squares with paved roads.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for transplanting trees in a park square, which can avoid using large crane equipment in the park square and avoid large crane equipment entering the park square to crush the paved road surface.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for transplanting trees in a park square comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Arrange the seedlings from the seedling source and pack them in time. Wrap the soil balls of the seedlings with wet straw ropes;
  • Step 2 Place a transplanting device for transferring seedlings in the park square at a location near the boundary of the square in the park square; on the road to transport the seedlings to the boundary of the park square, use a crane to lift the seedlings into the park square, and manually fix the seedlings vertically in the transplanting device;
  • the transplanting device includes a lower frame with walking wheels installed at the bottom, an upper frame arranged on the lower frame through a lifting device, a trunk supporting device arranged on the upper frame, and a net bag hung at the bottom of the upper frame; the trunk of the seedling is tightly supported by the trunk supporting device, and the soil ball of the seedling is scooped by the net bag Lift; After lifting the upper frame, fix the seedlings;
  • Step 3 transport the seedlings to the prepared tree hole, remove the net bag, lower the upper frame to put the soil ball into the tree hole, carefully remove the straw rope, cover the soil ball with soil and tamp it, then fill the soil in layers and tamp it, and when the filling soil reaches 1/3 of the depth of the plant soil ball, water it while filling the soil, and water it enough for the first time to complete the entire seedling filling process.
  • the covering soil layer is 2 to 5 cm higher than the planting site to build a 15 to 20 cm high cofferdam; set up a tree support frame to support the trunks of the transplanted seedlings, release the seedlings from the trunk support device, and remove the transplanting device;
  • Step 4 Carry out post-transplantation maintenance of seedlings.
  • the present invention uses a special transplanting device in the park square to vertically move the pre-transplanted seedlings in the park square, thereby avoiding the use of large-scale transport equipment and large-scale crane equipment in the park square, and preventing these large-scale equipment from damaging the brick surface of the park square;
  • the transplanting device of the present invention comprises a lower frame with walking wheels and an upper frame which can be raised and lowered relative to the lower frame.
  • the seedlings are fixed by a device on the upper frame, so that the device can not only be used for transferring the seedlings, but also for vertically lowering the seedlings in the tree holes and pulling out the treated roots or soil balls of the seedlings from the tree holes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the transplanting device before the upper frame is raised.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the transplanting device after the upper frame is raised.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transplanting device when loaded with seedlings for transfer.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the auxiliary beam.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the top view of the assembly structure of the push rod.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component in the tree.
  • a method for transplanting trees in a park square includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Arrange the seedlings from the seedling source and pack them in time. Wrap the soil balls of the seedlings with wet straw ropes;
  • Step 2 Place a transplanting device for transferring seedlings in the park square at a position near the boundary of the square in the park square;
  • the transplanting device includes a lower frame 1 with walking wheels 11 installed at the bottom, an upper frame 2 arranged on the lower frame 1 through a lifting device, a trunk supporting device arranged on the upper frame 2, and a net bag 23 hung at the bottom of the upper frame 2;
  • the trunk of the seedling is supported by the trunk supporting device, and the soil ball of the seedling is picked up by the net bag 23;
  • the movement of the transplanting device can be towed by small power equipment such as an electric tricycle or an electric car or dragged and pushed by manpower, which is green and environmentally friendly;
  • all the walking wheels 11 are universal wheels or universal wheels are arranged on one side of the bottom of the lower frame 1, and directional wheels are arranged on the other sides;
  • the walking wheels 11 preferably use rubber wheels, and when pushing on the brick surface of the park square, geotextiles, felts, etc. can also
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the transplanting device after the seedlings are loaded;
  • Step 3 transport the seedlings to the prepared tree hole, remove the net bag 23, lower the upper frame 2 to put the soil ball into the tree hole, at this time the transplanting device is in the state of Figure 1, carefully remove the straw rope, the soil ball is initially covered with soil and compacted, and then the filling soil is layered and compacted.
  • the covering soil layer is 2 to 5 cm higher than the planting site to build a 15 to 20 cm high cofferdam; set up a tree support frame to support the trunks of the transplanted seedlings, release the seedlings from the trunk support device, and remove the transplanting device;
  • Step 4 Late maintenance of transplanted seedlings
  • the seedlings After planting, the seedlings should be finely trimmed and shaped according to the overall shape. Water should be poured as soon as it is planted and thoroughly irrigated. After watering, the surface should be supported in one go and not multiple times to avoid the original soil ball from loosening. When fertilizing newly planted trees in time, sufficient water should be ensured. For newly planted trees, water them every day for 1 week after watering them to establish roots: Generally, trees should be watered once every 3 to 5 days; newly planted trees aged 1 to 3 years should be kept Watering holes, loosen the soil and cultivate the soil 1-2 times a year. If the roots of trees over 3 years old have grown deep, watering holes can be omitted depending on the situation. During maintenance, a water seepage layer should be prepared to ensure repeated watering and moisture retention during high temperature periods without water accumulation.
  • the present invention uses a special transplanting device in the park square to vertically move pre-transplanted seedlings in the park square, thereby avoiding the use of large-scale transport equipment and large-scale crane equipment in the park square, and can prevent these large-scale equipment from damaging the brick surface of the park square.
  • Ginkgo seedlings with a breast diameter of more than 20 cm are more expensive.
  • the transportation time should be managed reasonably to ensure that the seedlings, people and machinery arrive at the same time, and the delay in work should be shortened as much as possible. It should not be more than 24 hours from lifting the seedlings to completing the planting. If the seedlings need to be transported over long distances, the soil ball should be wrapped with wet grass. Large trees should be placed on the vehicle with the crown tilted toward the rear of the vehicle, and soft materials should be used as pads at the contact point between the tree and the side of the vehicle to prevent the bark from being scratched. When transporting plants, attention should be paid to weather changes.
  • seedlings should be lifted on a damp day, preferably in the evening, and transported to the planting site overnight after appropriate drug treatment. Vehicles with trellises, shade and wind protection should be selected for the transportation of seedlings. Large seedlings should be loaded with the roots in front and the stems in the back, and arranged in sequence. If the transportation time exceeds 4 hours, cooling bags should be prepared, and measures such as spraying water to increase humidity should be taken on the way.
  • the tree hole needs to be treated for the remaining roots.
  • the conventional method of watering the roots with boiling water can be used to kill the remaining roots or they can be removed manually. Then, the bottom of the tree hole should be backfilled with planting soil with base fertilizer to ensure that the soil is fertile and loose.
  • the trunk support device includes a root support component 31 and a middle-tree support component 32.
  • the root support component 31 is arranged inside the U-shaped structure of the upper frame 2 through a first bracket 24, and the middle-tree support component 32 is arranged directly above the root support component 31 through a second bracket 25 fixed to the upper frame 2.
  • the root support component 31 is used to hug and fix the bottom of the trunk, and the middle-tree support component 32 is arranged at a position of 1 meter to 4 meters above the trunk support component, and is used to hug and fix the middle part of the trunk to keep the trunk upright.
  • the hugging position of the trunk is wrapped with a protective layer such as straw rope and rubber coil to prevent damage to the bark.
  • the trunk support device and the root support device are both split-assembly trunk hugging and fixing mechanisms;
  • the periphery of the tree support frame is evenly supported; if the ground around the tree hole is uneven, it can be temporarily leveled with wooden boards, bricks, etc. to ensure that the tree trunk remains vertical when the tree is removed, or the trunk is manually straightened after the tree roots are lowered to the bottom of the tree hole;
  • the present invention can also be used to pull out the roots of dead trees in parks and squares. Most of the dead trees are first dismembered and segmented, leaving a main trunk with roots. The outer periphery of the roots can be dug manually or with a handheld gasoline tree digger to destroy the connection between the roots and the soil. At this time, only the bottom of the roots is connected to the soil. At this time, the transplanting device is moved over, the upper frame 2 is located at the lowest position, the tree root support component 31 and the tree support component 32 are used to fix the trunk, and then the oil cylinder is started, the upper frame 2 is moved upward, and the roots are pulled upward from the tree hole to separate the roots at the bottom from the soil.
  • the roots at the bottom can be cut off manually, and then the bottom of the roots can be slightly covered with geotextile to prevent soil leakage on the road surface during transfer.
  • the transplanting device is manually pushed and pulled with the pulled out roots to the collection site and unloaded.
  • the trunk support device has the same structure as the root support device;
  • the trunk support device includes a plurality of hoops 33 and a flat belt 36 that wraps all the hoops 33, the hoops 33 are arc-shaped pieces as a whole, and the sum of the central angles corresponding to all the hoops 33 ranges from 300° to 350°, so that the hoops 33 cannot be assembled into a circle, and the hoops 33 can be slightly elastic, so as to adapt to trunks of more diameters;
  • a middle ear 35 with a middle hole is provided on the outer side of the hoops 33, and the outer side of the middle ear 35 away from the U-shaped structural opening of the upper frame 2 is connected to the upper end of the second bracket 25, corresponding to the U-shaped structural opening of the upper frame 2.
  • One of the branch hoops 33 is not connected to the second bracket 25; side ears 34 with horizontal through holes are provided on the outer sides of both ends of the length of the branch hoop 33, and a buckle 37 is provided at one end of the flat belt 36; when fixing the trunk of the sapling, the other end of the flat belt 36 passes through the side ears 34 and the middle ears 35 of the branch hoop 33 in sequence and then the length is locked by the buckle 37; the trunk support device includes 3 branch hoops 33 with a central angle range of 100° to 115° or 4 branch hoops 33 with a central angle range of 75° to 87°, and the inner side of the branch hoop 33 is bonded with an inner pad such as a rubber pad with a thickness of at least 1 cm, which is convenient for increasing friction, matching the shape of the trunk, and preventing bark damage.
  • the middle ear 35 on the dividing hoop 33 on both sides of the U-shaped structure opening of the upper frame 2 A rotating shaft 39 is vertically arranged on the upper part, and the upper ends of the second brackets 25 fixed on both sides of the U-shaped structure opening of the upper frame 2 are rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 39, so that the dividing hoops 33 on both sides of the opening of the U-shaped structure of the upper frame 2 can rotate horizontally; when the tree trunk enters the tree root support component 31 or the tree support component 32 from the U-shaped structure opening, the dividing hoops 33 located on both sides of the U-shaped structure opening can rotate horizontally, increasing the maximum distance between the two, which is convenient for the tree trunk to enter. After the tree trunk enters, the dividing hoops 33 on both sides of the opening of the U-shaped structure are naturally reset along with the cylindrical shape of the tree trunk, and then all the dividing hoops 33 are tied tightly with flat belts 36.
  • the U-shaped structure opening of the upper frame 2 is detachably provided with an auxiliary beam 5, on which a third bracket 53 and a fourth bracket 51 are fixedly provided, one end of the third bracket 53 is detachably fixed to the tree root support component 31, and the upper end of the fourth bracket 51 is detachably fixed to the trunk support component, and the third bracket 53 and the fourth bracket 51 can be pressed against the tree trunk through the dividing hoop 33, and work together with the relative dividing hoop 33 to clamp the tree trunk, thereby playing a role of vertical positioning and clamping; the detachable connection method of the third bracket 53, the fourth bracket 51 and the dividing hoop 33 There are many ways to connect.
  • the upper end of the fourth bracket 51 is provided with a socket, and the middle ear 35 corresponding to the fourth bracket 51 is provided with a plug block 38 that cooperates with the socket.
  • the plug block 38 is provided with a plurality of inner positioning holes, and the inner positioning holes are arranged in multiple rows in the horizontal direction.
  • the peripheral wall of the socket is provided with an outer positioning hole.
  • the inner positioning holes are in multiple rows, it can be arranged according to The thickness of the tree trunk is used to adjust the position of the inner positioning hole locked by the latch; in another embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , a top tube 46 is fixed to the outer side of the middle ear 35 corresponding to the fourth bracket 51, the top of the fourth bracket 51 is horizontal and is provided with a horizontally movable push rod 44, one end of the push rod 44 is provided with a pushing device 43 fixed to the top of the fourth bracket 51, the pushing device 43 drives the other end of the push rod 44 to move relative to the fourth bracket 51 and can be pressed against the bottom of the top tube 46; the pushing device 43 can be a small oil cylinder fixed to the top of the fourth bracket 51 or other linear telescopic mechanism, A positioning component 45 is provided at the top of the fourth component.
  • the positioning component 45 can be a slide or a sliding sleeve.
  • the push rod 44 is slidably connected to the positioning component 45 to achieve horizontal limitation of the push rod 44 and prevent the positioning component 45 from detaching from the fourth bracket 51; the positioning component 45 has a larger width or is provided in multiple numbers, the purpose is to ensure that the push rod 44 always has a larger contact area with the positioning component 45, increase the supporting force of the positioning component 45, the pushing device 43 only pushes the push rod 44 horizontally, and does not bear the supporting function of the trunk, so it is not subjected to radial force, avoiding damage to the pushing device 43.
  • a plurality of rope rings 12 are provided on the surface of the lower frame 1, and the rope rings 12 are used to pass through and hang the pull ropes 13.
  • a plurality of handrails 21 are provided on the periphery of the upper frame 2. If manpower is used, the workers can pull the transplanting device with the pull ropes 13 in the front, and at the same time, the workers on the side of the transplanting device can push the transplanting device together through the handrails 21; the lifting device can move the upper frame 2 up at least 1.2m.
  • the lifting stroke of the lifting device is designed according to the height of the soil ball of the pre-transplanted seedlings with a breast diameter of 20-30cm, and the sizes of the upper frame 2 and the lower frame 1 are designed according to the diameter of the soil ball of the pre-transplanted seedlings;
  • the lifting device can adopt the lifting device in the prior art, such as the electric hoist lifting assisted by the guide rod, the oil cylinder lifting, etc.
  • the oil cylinder is adopted, the cylinder body 41 of the oil cylinder is fixed on the upper frame 2, the piston rod 42 of the oil cylinder passes downward through the upper frame 2 and is fixed on the lower frame 1, the oil cylinder is arranged at the four corners of the upper frame 2, the stroke of the oil cylinder is selected according to the height of the soil ball, and the stroke of the oil cylinder is more than 1.2m, so that the soil ball of the seedlings can be lifted off the ground during transportation and the soil ball can be lowered to the bottom of the soil hole during planting; when in use, it is equipped
  • An auxiliary ring 55 adapted to the hanging ring 22 is arranged on the inner side or lower side of the auxiliary beam 5.
  • the net bag 23 is hung on the hanging ring 22 and the auxiliary ring 55 when in use to hold the soil ball of the seedlings.
  • the net bag 23 is made of a steel wire net bag 23, a cotton rope net bag 23, etc., and has a strong load-bearing capacity, and can hold seedlings weighing about 2 tons (the weight of seedlings with a breast diameter of less than 30 cm for transplanting generally does not exceed 2 tons); in order to strengthen the support, the second bracket A first reinforcing rib 26 is provided at the corner of the third bracket 53, a second reinforcing rib 54 is provided at the corner of the third bracket 53, the outer end of the third bracket 53 is fixed to the auxiliary beam 5 and/or the fourth bracket 51, and a third reinforcing rib 52 is provided at the corner of the fourth bracket 51; a cushion block 14 is also provided on the upper surface of the lower frame 1, and the cushion block 14 is slightly elastic to prevent the upper frame 2 from being directly collided with the lower frame 1 and damaged.
  • the cushion block 14 can be made of common anti-collision materials such as rubber blocks, polyurethane blocks, wooden blocks, plastic pipes, etc.
  • the transplanting device of the present invention comprises a lower frame 1 with walking wheels 11 and an upper frame 2 which can be raised and lowered relative to the lower frame 1.
  • the seedlings are fixed by a device on the upper frame 2.
  • the device can be used not only for the transfer of seedlings, but also for the vertical lowering of seedlings in tree holes and for pulling out the processed roots or soil balls of seedlings from the tree holes.
  • the device has a simple structure and is easy to process. Compared with large crane equipment, it has a lighter weight and can avoid damage to the brick surface of the park square.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种公园广场树木移栽方法，包括如下步骤：步骤一、从苗源地安排苗木并及时起苗打包；步骤二、在公园广场内靠近广场边界的位置放置用于在公园广场内转移苗木的移栽装置；运输苗木到公园广场边界的道路上，用吊机将苗木吊到公园广场内，人工将苗木竖直固定在移栽装置中；步骤三、运输苗木到准备好的树穴上，移除网兜（23），下降上车架（2）使土球放入到树穴中，解除草绳，填土；架设树木支撑架支撑苗木，从树干支撑装置上释放苗木，移走移栽装置；步骤四、对移栽后的苗木后期养护；该移栽方法避免了在公园广场内使用大型运载设备和大型吊机设备来移栽苗木，能够避免这些大型设备对公园广场砖面的损坏。

Description

一种公园广场树木移栽方法 技术领域
本发明属于树木移栽技术领域，具体涉及一种公园广场树木移栽方法。
背景技术
在公园广场原有的绿化树木死亡后，需要移栽新的苗木进行绿化。以银杏树绿化为例，公园广场移栽通常采用胸径20-30cm的银杏树，高度在8-11米，冠幅3-4米左右，根球为6-10倍胸径，根球约1.8米，根球高度0.95以上；所需土穴的直径应是球面直径的1.5倍，土穴深度需要超出土球厚度的10-15厘米，因此，土穴的直径为2.7米左右，考虑到表面美化，土穴深度1-1.1米。移栽时，往往是吊机将银杏树吊到树坑中立起，然后填土种植。但是建设好的公园广场是人行结构，路面一般铺砖，如采用花岗岩路面。大型吊机由于其自重以及宽度较大，进入公园广场可能会损坏砖面，对于较为狭窄人行走道，大型吊机设备进入的时候还有可能压坏人行走道边上已经栽种好的草坪，因此需要一种无需在已经铺设好路面的公园广场内使用大型吊机设备的树木移栽方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种公园广场树木移栽方法，可不在公园广场内使用大型吊机设备，避免大型吊机设备进入公园广场压坏已经铺设好的路面。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种公园广场树木移栽方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、从苗源地安排苗木并及时起苗打包，苗木的土球用湿草绳包裹；
步骤二、在公园广场内靠近广场边界的位置放置用于在公园广场内转移苗木的移栽装置；运输苗木到公园广场边界的道路上，用吊机将苗木吊到公园广场内，人工将苗木竖直固定在移栽装置中；所述移栽装置包括底部安装有行走轮的下车架、通过升降装置设置在所述下车架上的上车架、设置在所述上车架上的树干支撑装置、以及挂设在所述上车架底部的网兜；所述苗木的树干由所述树干支撑装置抱紧支撑，所述苗木的土球由所述网兜兜 起；升起上车架后在固定苗木；
步骤三、运输苗木到准备好的树穴上，移除网兜，下降上车架使土球放入到树穴中，小心解除草绳，土球经初步覆土捣实，随后填土分层捣实，待覆填土达到植株土球深度的1/3时，边填土边灌水，浇足第一次水，完成整个苗木的填土工序，覆土层高于种植地2～5cm筑成15～20cm高的围堰；架设树木支撑架对移栽后的苗木树干进行支撑，从树干支撑装置上释放苗木，移走所述移栽装置；
步骤四、对移栽后的苗木后期养护。
有益效果：
本发明通过在公园广场内使用特制的移栽装置的方式来在公园广场内竖直的移动预移栽的苗木，避免了在公园广场内使用大型运载设备和大型吊机设备，能够避免这些大型设备对公园广场砖面的损坏；
本发明的移栽装置包括具有行走轮的下车架和可相对于所述下车架升降的上车架，苗木由所述上车架上的装置固定，从而本装置不仅可以用于苗木的转移，还可以用于苗木在树穴中的竖直下放以及从树穴中拔出苗木的处理过的根或土球。
附图说明
图1为上车架未升起前的移栽装置的结构示意图。
图2为上车架升起后的移栽装置的结构示意图。
图3为装载苗木转移时的移栽装置的结构示意图。
图4为辅助梁的装配结构示意图。
图5为推杆的俯视装配结构示意图。
图6为树中支撑部件的结构示意图。
图中，1-下车架、11-行走轮、12-绳环、13-拉绳、14-垫块；2-上车架、21-扶手、22-挂环、23-网兜、24-第一支架、25-第二支架、26-第一加强肋；31-树根支撑部件、32-树中支撑部件、33-分箍件、34-边耳、35-中耳、36-扁带、37-带扣、38-插块、39-转轴；41-缸体、42-活塞杆；43-推动装置、44-推杆、45-定位部件、46-顶筒；5-辅助梁、51- 第四支架、52-第三加强肋、53-第三支架、54-第二加强肋、55-辅助环。
具体实施方式
如图1至图6所示，一种公园广场树木移栽方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、从苗源地安排苗木并及时起苗打包，苗木的土球用湿草绳包裹；
步骤二、在公园广场内靠近广场边界的位置放置用于在公园广场内转移苗木的移栽装置；移栽装置包括底部安装有行走轮11的下车架1、通过升降装置设置在下车架1上的上车架2、设置在上车架2上的树干支撑装置、以及挂设在上车架2底部的网兜23；苗木的树干由树干支撑装置抱紧支撑，苗木的土球由网兜23兜起；移栽装置的移动可以采用小型动力设备如电动三轮车、电动车拖拽或人力拖拽、推移的方式，绿色环保；行走轮11全部采用万向轮或在下车架1底部的一侧边设置万向轮，在其他边设置定向轮；行走轮11优先的采用胶轮，在公园广场砖面上推移的时候也可以在行进路径上铺上土工布、毛毡等作为路面防护；
运输苗木到公园广场边界的道路上，用吊机将苗木吊到公园广场内，人工将苗木竖直固定在上车架2升起的移栽装置中；如图2、图3所示为装载苗木后的移栽装置的结构示意图；
步骤三、运输苗木到准备好的树穴上，移除网兜23，下降上车架2使土球放入到树穴中，此时移栽装置处于图1中的状态，小心解除草绳，土球经初步覆土捣实，随后填土分层捣实，待覆填土达到植株土球深度的1/3时，边填土边灌水，浇足第一次水，完成整个苗木的填土工序，覆土层高于种植地2～5cm筑成15～20cm高的围堰；架设树木支撑架对移栽后的苗木树干进行支撑，从树干支撑装置上释放苗木，移走移栽装置；
步骤四、对移栽后的苗木后期养护；
安排专人专工对新种植的苗木进行养护，做到种植、养护无缝衔接；
栽好后根据整体对苗做精剪整形，水要随栽随浇，浇透，浇后扶面应一次到位，不可多次扶面，避免原土球松垮；新种乔木及时施肥时，要保证足够的水分；对于新植乔木，淋好定根水后，1周内每天淋水：一般乔木3～5天淋水一次；1～3年的新栽植乔木保留 淋水窝，每年进行1～2次松土、培土，3年以上乔木根已扎深可视情况不保留淋水窝；养护的同时并做好渗水层，保证在高温期反复浇水、保湿，不积水；
本发明通过在公园广场内使用特制的移栽装置的方式来在公园广场内竖直的移动预移栽的苗木，避免了在公园广场内使用大型运载设备和大型吊机设备，能够避免这些大型设备对公园广场砖面的损坏。
苗木起苗前对整个移栽的苗木用1％～3％抑制蒸腾剂进行喷洒，减少苗木自身水分和养分的蒸发，抑制植物的生理活动，促使植株处于半休眠状态；
胸径20cm以上的银杏苗木价格较贵，此类苗木移栽时应合理管理运输时间，达到苗到、人到、机械到，尽可能的减短误工时间，从起苗到栽植完成不宜大于24h；如果苗木需长途运输，土球用湿草包裹；大树在车上要冠向车尾倾斜放置，并在树与车帮接触处，用柔软材料衬垫，防止磨伤树皮；植物的起运应注意天气的变化，一般应选择阴湿天起苗，最好是傍晚起苗，通过适当的药物处理后连夜运置到种植地；苗木的运输应选择有棚架、能遮荫挡风的车辆；大苗装车应前根后干，依次排列；如运输时间超过4小时，应准备降温包，并在途中采取喷水增湿等措施；
对于死树拔除后的树穴需进行残余根的处理，可采用常规的沸水浇根的方法杀死残余的树根或是人工刨除，之后对树穴坑底回填加有基肥的种植土保证其土质肥沃且较疏松。
如图1至图6所示，下车架1和上车架2整体为U型结构，且两者开口朝向一致，树干支撑装置包括树根支撑部件31和树中支撑部件32，树根支撑部件31通过第一支架24设置在上车架2的U型结构的内部，树中支撑部件32通过固定在上车架2上的第二支架25设置在树根支撑部件31的正上方，树根支撑部件31用于抱紧固定树干的底部，树中支撑部件32设置在树干支撑部件上方1米到4米的位置，用于抱紧固定树干的中部，使树干保持直立，树干的抱紧位置包裹有草绳、橡胶卷材之类的保护层，以防止树皮损伤；树干支撑装置和树根支撑装置均为分体组装式树干抱紧固定类机构；
在需要移栽树木的时候，先将分体组装式树干抱紧固定类机构拆开，向上升起上车架2，并挂上网兜23；然后用25t车载吊机将树吊到移栽装置内，人工扶正树干并用树干支 撑装置和树根支撑装置将苗木的树干固定；转移苗木到树穴位置后，去掉网兜23，然后下放上车架2至苗木的土球达到树穴的坑底，填土，并用树木支撑架支撑移栽后的苗木，注意树木支撑架先预留一侧作为出口，移栽装置沿下车架1和上车架2的U型结构开口从预留的出口后撤，在移栽装置从树穴上撤走之后，再将树木支撑架外周均匀支撑；如果树穴周围的地面不平，可以先用木板、砖块等之类的临时垫平，确保下树的时候树杆保持竖直，或在树根下放到树穴坑底后，将树干人工扶正；
本发明还可用于公园广场中死树树根的拔出，死树大部分先被肢解分段，留下一截带有树根的主干，可以人工或采用手持式汽油挖树机对树根外周挖球，破坏树根与土壤之间的连接，这时候只剩下树根的底部与土体连接，此时，移动移栽装置过来，上车架2位于最低位置，使用树根支撑部件31和树中支撑部件32固定树干，然后启动油缸，上移上车架2，将树根从树穴中向上拔，使底部的树根与土壤脱离，如果没有拔断树根，可以人工辅助截断底部的树根，之后用土工布稍微兜住树根的底部，防止转移的时候在路面上漏土，人工推拉移栽装置带着拔掉的树根移动到收集位点并卸货。
如图1至图6所示，树干支撑装置与树根支撑装置结构相同；树干支撑装置包括若干个分箍件33和将所有分箍件33缠绕的扁带36，分箍件33整体为弧形片，所有分箍件33对应的圆心角总和范围为300°～350°，从而分箍件33不能拼成一个圆形，且分箍件33可以微弹，从而能够适应更多直径的树干；分箍件33的外侧设置有带有中孔的中耳35，远离上车架2的U型结构开口的中耳35的外侧面与第二支架25的上端连接，对应上车架2的U型结构开口的一个分箍件33不与第二支架25连接；分箍件33的长度两端的外侧设置有带有水平贯通孔的边耳34，扁带36的一端设置有带扣37；固定苗木的树干时，扁带36的另一端依次穿过分箍件33的边耳34和中耳35后由带扣37锁定长度；树干支撑装置包括3个圆心角范围为100°～115°的分箍件33或4个圆心角范围为75°～87°的分箍件33，分箍件33的内侧黏结有厚度至少1cm的橡胶垫等内垫，便于增加摩擦、匹配树干形状，同时防止树皮损伤。
如图5、图6所示，设置在上车架2的U型结构开口两侧的分箍件33上的中耳35的 上竖直设置有转轴39，固定在上车架2的U型结构开口两侧的第二支架25的上端转动连接在转轴39上，使得上车架2的U型结构的开口两侧的分箍件33能够水平转动；在树干从U型结构开口进入树根支撑部件31或树中支撑部件32的时候，位于U型结构开口两侧的分箍件33能够水平转动，增加两者之间的最大距离，便于树干进入，在树干进入后，U型结构的开口两侧的分箍件33自然的随着树干的圆柱型的形状复位，之后用扁带36绑紧所有分箍件33。
如图4、图5所示，上车架2的U型结构开口处可拆卸的设置有辅助梁5，辅助梁5上固定设置有第三支架53和第四支架51，第三支架53的一端可拆卸固定在树根支撑部件31上，第四支架51的上端可拆卸的固定在树干支撑部件上，第三支架53和第四支架51通过分箍件33能够抵紧树干，与相对的分箍件33共同作用夹紧树干，起到竖直定位和夹持作用；第三支架53与第四支架51与分箍件33的可拆卸连接方式有多种，接下来以第三支架53与树中支撑部件32的配合为例进行两种具体连接方式的说明：如图6所示，在一个实施例中，第四支架51的上端设置有插口，对应第四支架51的中耳35上设置有与插口配合的插块38，插块38上设置有若干内定位孔，内定位孔沿水平方向排布成多列，插口周壁上设置有外定位孔，插块38插入插口后通过贯穿内定位孔和外定位孔的插销件锁定位置，由于内定位孔是多列，从而可以根据树干的粗细来调整插销件锁定的内定位孔的位置；在另一个实施例中，如图5所示，对应第四支架51的中耳35外侧固定有顶筒46，第四支架51的顶部水平且设置有可水平移动的推杆44，推杆44的一端设置有固定在第四支架51顶部的推动装置43，推动装置43带动推杆44的另一端相对于第四支架51移动且可抵入顶筒46的筒底；推动装置43可以是固定在第四支架51顶部的小油缸或是其他的直线伸缩机构，第四部件的顶部设置有定位部件45，定位部件45可以是滑道或是滑套，推杆44与定位部件45滑动连接，实现推杆44的水平限位，防止定位部件45脱离第四支架51；定位部件45具有较大的宽度或设置为多个，目的是保证推杆44始终与定位部件45有较大的接触面积，增加对定位部件45的支撑力，推动装置43仅水平推动推杆44，并不承担树干的支撑作用，因而不受到径向的力，避免推动装置43因此损坏。
如图1至图5所示，下车架1的表面设置有若干绳环12，绳环12用于穿挂拉绳13，上车架2的外周设置有若干扶手21，若是采用人力，工人可以在前方用拉绳13牵拉移栽装置，同时在移栽装置侧面的工人通过扶手21一块推移栽装置；升降装置能够上移上车架2至少1.2m。
本实施例根据20-30cm胸径预移栽苗木土球的高度来设计升降装置的提升行程、根据预移栽苗木土球的直径来设计上车架2、下车架1的尺寸；升降装置采用现有技术中的升降装置即可，如可采用导向杆辅助的电葫芦升降、油缸升降等，本实施例中采用油缸，油缸的缸体41固定在上车架2上，油缸的活塞杆42向下穿过上车架2并固定在下车架1上，油缸设置在上车架2的四角，油缸的行程根据土球的高度选择，油缸的行程在1.2m以上，这样才能实现在转运的时候将苗木的土球离地以及在栽种的时候将土球下放到土穴的底部；使用时，配套有移动式高压泵站，为油缸伸缩提供动力；
辅助梁5的内侧或下侧设置有与挂环22适应的辅助环55，上车架2的每一侧至少有两个挂环22，网兜23在使用时挂设在挂环22和辅助环55上，兜住苗木的土球，网兜23采用钢丝网兜23、棉绳网兜23等，具有较强的承重能力，能够兜住重量2t左右的苗木(一般移栽用的胸径30cm以下的苗木重量一般不超2吨)；为了加强支撑，第二支架25的拐角处设置有第一加强肋26，第三支架53的拐角处设置有第二加强肋54，第三支架53的外端固定在辅助梁5和/或第四支架51上，第四支架51的拐角处设置有第三加强肋52；下车架1的上表面还设置有垫块14，垫块14微弹，防止上车架2与下车架1直接碰撞受损，垫块14可以采用橡胶块、聚氨酯块、木块、塑料管等常用防撞材料。
本发明的移栽装置包括具有行走轮11的下车架1和可相对于下车架1升降的上车架2，苗木由上车架2上的装置固定，从而本装置不仅可以用于苗木的转移，还可以用于苗木在树穴中的竖直下放以及从树穴中拔出苗木的处理过的根或土球，同时结构简单，以及加工，相比于大型吊机设备自重较轻，能够避免对公园广场砖面的损坏。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤一、从苗源地安排苗木并及时起苗打包，苗木的土球用湿草绳包裹；
    步骤二、在公园广场内靠近广场边界的位置放置用于在公园广场内转移苗木的移栽装置；运输苗木到公园广场边界的道路上，用吊机将苗木吊到公园广场内，人工将苗木竖直固定在移栽装置中；所述移栽装置包括底部安装有行走轮的下车架、通过升降装置设置在所述下车架上的上车架、设置在所述上车架上的树干支撑装置、以及挂设在所述上车架底部的网兜；所述苗木的树干由所述树干支撑装置抱紧支撑，所述苗木的土球由所述网兜兜起；升起上车架后在固定苗木；
    步骤三、运输苗木到准备好的树穴上，移除网兜，下降上车架使土球放入到树穴中，小心解除草绳，土球经初步覆土捣实，随后填土分层捣实，待覆填土达到植株土球深度的1/3时，边填土边灌水，浇足第一次水，完成整个苗木的填土工序，覆土层高于种植地2～5cm筑成15～20cm高的围堰；架设树木支撑架对移栽后的苗木树干进行支撑，从树干支撑装置上释放苗木，移走所述移栽装置；
    步骤四、对移栽后的苗木后期养护。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：苗木起苗前对整个移栽的苗木用1％～3％抑制蒸腾剂进行喷洒。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：所述下车架和所述上车架整体为U型结构，且两者开口朝向一致；所述树干支撑装置包括树根支撑部件和树中支撑部件，所述树根支撑部件通过第一支架设置在上车架的U型结构的内部，所述树中支撑部件通过固定在所述上车架上的第二支架设置在所述树根支撑部件的正上方；所述树干支撑装置和树根支撑装置均为分体组装式树干抱紧固定类机构。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：所述树干支撑装置与所述树根支撑装置结构相同；所述树干支撑装置包括若干个分箍件和将所有所述分箍件缠绕的扁带，所述分箍件整体为弧形片，所有分箍件对应的圆心角总和范围为300°～350°；所述分箍件的外侧设置有带有中孔的中耳，远离上车架的U型结构开口的所述中耳的外侧 面与所述第二支架的上端连接，对应上车架的U型结构开口的一个分箍件不与第二支架连接；所述分箍件的长度两端的外侧设置有带有水平贯通孔的边耳，所述扁带的一端设置有带扣；固定苗木的树干时，所述扁带的另一端依次穿过所述分箍件的边耳和中耳后由带扣锁定长度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：所述树干支撑装置包括3个圆心角范围为100°～115°的分箍件或4个圆心角范围为75°～87°的分箍件。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：设置在上车架的U型结构开口两侧的所述分箍件上的中耳的上竖直设置有转轴，固定在上车架的U型结构开口两侧的所述第二支架的上端转动连接在所述转轴上，使得上车架的U型结构开口两侧的分箍件能够水平转动。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：所述上车架的U型结构开口处可拆卸的设置有辅助梁，所述辅助梁上固定设置有第三支架和第四支架，所述第三支架的一端可拆卸固定在所述树根支撑部件上，所述第四支架的上端可拆卸的固定在所述树干支撑部件上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：所述第四支架的上端设置有插口，对应所述第四支架的中耳上设置有与所述插口配合的插块，所述插块上设置有若干内定位孔，所述插口周壁上设置有外定位孔，所述插块插入插口后通过贯穿所述内定位孔和外定位孔的插销件锁定位置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：对应所述第四支架的中耳外侧固定有顶筒，所述第四支架的顶部水平且设置有可水平移动的推杆，所述推杆的一端设置有固定在所述第四支架顶部的推动装置，所述推动装置带动所述推杆的另一端相对于所述第四支架移动且可抵入所述顶筒的筒底。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的公园广场树木移栽方法，其特征在于：所述下车架的表面设置有若干绳环，所述绳环用于穿挂拉绳；所述上车架的外周设置有若干扶手；所述升降装置能够上移上车架至少1.2m。
PCT/CN2023/124801 2023-08-17 2023-10-16 一种公园广场树木移栽方法 WO2024114132A1 (zh)

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