WO2024113872A1 - 一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024113872A1
WO2024113872A1 PCT/CN2023/105992 CN2023105992W WO2024113872A1 WO 2024113872 A1 WO2024113872 A1 WO 2024113872A1 CN 2023105992 W CN2023105992 W CN 2023105992W WO 2024113872 A1 WO2024113872 A1 WO 2024113872A1
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Prior art keywords
bed
column
fixing block
connection
rod
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PCT/CN2023/105992
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
宫兴林
荆传思
倪长圣
邓鑫
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科德数控股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024113872A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024113872A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/10—Aligning parts to be fitted together

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled machine tools, and in particular to a connection auxiliary device and method for a bed and a column.
  • the heat that can affect the temperature of the machine tool is divided into internal heat and external heat.
  • the internal heat mainly comes from the heat generated by the machine tool itself, such as the heat generated by the spindle motor working for a long time;
  • the external heat mainly comes from the heat transfer or heat radiation from the outside to the machine tool, such as the cutting heat generated by cutting the workpiece.
  • the cutting fluid will take away most of the cutting heat, this heat does not disappear. Part of the heat carried by the cutting fluid will still be transferred to the machine tool.
  • the ambient temperature will also affect the temperature of the machine tool.
  • the column is one of the parts of large machine tools that require relatively high precision. It is used to install the top beam (i.e. fixed beam), cross beam, side tool holder and other parts. Therefore, the installation quality of the column will not only directly affect the installation accuracy of the top beam, cross beam, side tool holder and other parts; it will also indirectly affect the installation accuracy of the vertical tool holder, and ultimately affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool.
  • the components of machine tools are mainly made of cast iron.
  • the cast iron parts of the machine tool (such as the bed and columns) will produce the following two problems under the influence of the internal and external heat of the machine tool:
  • the main components of the machine tool such as the bed and columns, will be deformed.
  • the temperature of the upper surface of the bed is higher than that of the lower surface of the bed, forming a temperature difference.
  • the bed will bend and deform, and the upper surface of the bed will become convex, which affects the linearity of the guide rail installed on the bed.
  • the column will also have a corresponding position change due to the thermal deformation of the bed, thereby destroying the original geometric accuracy of the machine tool and causing processing errors.
  • the fitting clearance between the bed and the column will change, affecting the movement accuracy of the machine tool and even interfering with the normal operation of the machine tool.
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a connection auxiliary device for the bed and columns, which can improve the assembly geometric accuracy of the bed and columns.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide an assembly method for a bed and a column, which improves the matching accuracy between the column and the bed by replacing the scraping and grinding assembly method with the cooperation of a connecting auxiliary device and a structural adhesive.
  • connection auxiliary device for a bed and a column comprising a bed and a column, wherein the column is vertically arranged above the bed, and a plurality of groups of connection auxiliary devices are arranged at the connection part between the bed and the column, and the plurality of groups of connection auxiliary devices are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction;
  • Each group of the connection auxiliary devices includes an upper fixing block for fixing to the column, a lower fixing block for fixing to the bed, and a connecting assembly for connecting the upper fixing block and the lower fixing block.
  • the connecting assembly can connect the bed and the column together after calibration.
  • the connecting assembly includes a vertically arranged screw rod, the upper fixing block and the lower fixing block are respectively provided with through holes for the screw rod to pass through, and the upper fixing block and the lower fixing block are respectively provided with through holes for the screw rod to pass through. Nuts for locking the screw rods are respectively provided.
  • the portion of the nut facing the upper and lower fixing blocks is an arc-shaped end, and the arc-shaped end is arranged toward the through hole.
  • connection assembly also includes a locking assembly capable of connecting adjacent connection auxiliary devices together, and the joint surfaces of the bed and the column are tightly fitted through the locking assembly.
  • the locking assembly comprises a left-handed nut rod, a right-handed nut rod and a positive and negative threaded pull rod;
  • the left-handed nut rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed block
  • the right-handed nut rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed block
  • one end of the positive and negative thread pull rod is connected to the left-handed nut rod
  • the other end is connected to the right-handed nut rod;
  • the left-handed nut rod is fixedly connected to the lower fixed block
  • the right-handed nut rod is fixedly connected to the upper fixed block
  • one end of the positive and negative threaded pull rod is connected to the left-handed nut rod
  • the other end is connected to the right-handed nut rod.
  • an upper abutment block is fixedly provided at one end of the upper fixing block, the upper abutment block is arranged on a side facing the lower fixing block, and a lower abutment block is arranged on the lower fixing block.
  • the bed frame is also preset with a foot insert and a bed frame tubular insert, the foot insert can form a connection portion on the cast bed frame, the connection portion is used to install the foot that can support the bed frame; the bed frame tubular insert can form a glue injection channel in the bed frame;
  • the column is preset with a column tubular insert, and the column tubular insert can form an exhaust hole in the column;
  • the structural adhesive is injected into the joint surface between the column and the bed through the adhesive injection channel, so that the column and the bed are bonded and fixed together by the structural adhesive.
  • metal inserts are preset inside the bed and the column respectively, and the metal inserts provide interfaces for installing other workpieces.
  • an assembly method of a connection auxiliary device for a bed and a column comprising the following steps: setting an upper fixing block on the column, setting a corresponding lower fixing block on the bed, hoisting the column to the bed, and performing manual rough calibration; installing a connection component, and locking the column and the bed with each other by adjusting the connection component to achieve a specified positioning accuracy; filling the space between the bed and the column with structural glue; keeping the column static in place Stop until the structural adhesive is fully cured.
  • a specific method for filling the space between the bed and the column with structural adhesive is as follows: applying structural adhesive on the joint surface of the bed, wherein the thickness of the structural adhesive gradually decreases from the center to the edge of the joint surface.
  • the specific method of filling the space between the bed and the column with structural adhesive is: opening an injection hole on the bed, opening an exhaust hole for exhausting air on the column, and injecting the structural adhesive into the joint surface between the column and the bed through the injection hole until the structural adhesive overflows from the exhaust hole.
  • auxiliary device and method for connecting the bed and the column disclosed in the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • the column and the bed are connected by connecting the auxiliary device to realize the calibration of the position accuracy between the column and the bed, and improve the mechanical connection strength between the column and the bed.
  • the bed and the column are bonded by structural adhesive.
  • the structural adhesive can make up for the defects in the roughness of the joint surface between the bed and the column, and ensure 100% bonding between the column and the bed.
  • the structural adhesive After curing, the structural adhesive has good physical properties such as earthquake resistance, compression resistance, tension resistance, and impact resistance, so that the mechanical connection and structural adhesive connection are combined to improve the connection stiffness between the bed and the column; at the same time, because when the machine tool is working, the moving parts on the bed and the column Vibration is easily generated during the movement process, causing the moving parts themselves and their connecting parts to vibrate synchronously, thereby reducing the positioning accuracy between the bed and the column.
  • the structural adhesive has good anti-aging ability and can form a strong and buffering anti-wear layer at the joint surface of the bed and the column, reducing the vibration amplitude of the moving parts and their connecting parts, so that the connection between the bed and the column is not easy to produce a gap under the vibration of the moving parts, ensuring the connection between the bed and the column, so that the relative position between the bed and the column remains in a stable vertical state for a long time, thereby ensuring the positioning accuracy and geometric accuracy between the bed and the column.
  • the present application reduces the influence of the movement of the moving parts on the connection accuracy of the bed and the column by improving the mechanical connection strength, geometric accuracy and positioning accuracy between the bed and the column, so that the machine tool can maintain stable geometric accuracy and positioning accuracy during long-term operation.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the machine tool bed and column after assembly disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram showing the relationship between the metal inserts and cooling pipelines inside the bed disclosed in the present invention
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram showing the relationship between the metal insert and the cooling pipeline inside the column disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the machine tool bed, column, and connection auxiliary device during assembly disclosed in the present invention
  • FIG5 is an enlarged view of portion A in FIG4 ;
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection auxiliary device for a bed and a column disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the force application after the bed and the column are assembled according to the present invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of points on the front side of the machine tool disclosed in the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the points on the back of the machine tool disclosed in the present invention.
  • the bed 1 and the column 2 involved in this application can be made of cast iron, granite and composite mineral.
  • the comparative analysis of the performance of cast iron, granite and composite mineral materials is shown in Table 1 below. The above materials are compared according to the GBT 7897-2008 standard.
  • the performance of cast stone material has the advantages of high precision, good stability, good shock absorption, and a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of steel parts compared to cast iron and granite. Therefore, the bed 1 and the column 2 in the embodiment of the present application are made of mineral cast stone. When the mineral cast stone material is heated, its own volume expansion changes little, and the thermal conductivity is reduced by only 1/20 of that of gray cast iron.
  • the temperature change of the machine tool using mineral cast stone material is less than that of the machine tool using gray cast iron parts, so that the casting deformation of the machine tool is small, and the geometric accuracy of the machine tool is guaranteed; at the same time, because when the machine tool is working, the moving parts such as the saddle and the ram are The parts are prone to vibration during movement, which causes the moving parts themselves and their connected parts to vibrate synchronously, reducing the repeated positioning accuracy and relative position accuracy of the moving parts, thereby affecting the processing accuracy.
  • Cast stone material has good vibration reduction performance, which can reduce the vibration amplitude of the moving parts and their connected parts, and keep the relative position between the bed and the column stable, so that the matching clearance between the bed and the column is not easy to change, thus ensuring the positioning accuracy between the bed and the column.
  • an auxiliary device for connecting a bed and a column includes a bed 1 and a column 2, the column 2 is vertically arranged above the bed 1, and a structural adhesive layer is coated on the joint surface of the bed 1 and the column 2.
  • the setting of the structural adhesive layer can make up for the defects in the roughness of the joint surface of the bed and the column, and ensure 100% bonding between the column and the bed. Since the structural adhesive has good anti-aging ability, it can form a strong and buffering anti-wear layer at the joint surface of the bed and the column.
  • the structural adhesive After curing, the structural adhesive has good physical properties such as earthquake resistance, compression resistance, tension resistance, and impact resistance, which reduces the influence of factors such as vibration on the connection between the bed and the column during the operation of the machine tool, and increases the connection stiffness between the bed and the column compared with the traditional cast iron scraping joint surface process.
  • the inside of the bed 1 and the column 2 are respectively provided with a cooling pipeline 5 and a metal insert 6.
  • the cooling pipeline 5 can perform constant temperature cooling control on the machine tool body.
  • the outer surfaces of the bed 1 and the column 2 are pasted with foam insulation cotton to reduce the influence of the peripheral temperature on the accuracy of the machine tool.
  • the metal insert 6 provides an interface for the connection between different castings and the installation of the assembly on the casting.
  • the metal insert 6 is preferably a steel insert with high strength. The steel insert can make up for the lack of strength of the cast stone material and ensure the overall rigidity of the casting.
  • the setting of the steel insert can produce a uniform temperature field on each casting of the machine tool, so that the heat radiation of each casting of the machine tool has linearity and regularity. Then, through the cooperation of the metal insert 6 and the cooling pipeline 5, the internal heat source of the bed 1 and the column 2 is quickly discharged.
  • the external heat source of the machine tool is reduced under the action of the external foam insulation cotton, that is, the irregular heat is insulated outside the machine tool, and the internal heat of the machine tool is discharged, thereby reducing the influence of the heat source on the temperature of the machine tool, reducing the thermal deformation of the bed 1 and the column 2 during the operation of the machine tool, and enabling the machine tool to maintain stable geometric accuracy, motion accuracy, and positioning accuracy during long-term operation.
  • the cooling pipes 5 are pre-buried in the bed 1 and the column 2, respectively.
  • the cooling pipes 5 are arranged in rows and intervals and have the same shape as the corresponding bed 1 and column 2.
  • the structure of the column 2 is adapted, and the layout of the cooling pipeline 5 avoids the structure of the metal insert 6 inside the bed 1 and the column 2, which can achieve heat dissipation inside the machine tool, keep the internal temperature of the machine tool constant, reduce the impact of internal heat on the machine tool and the metal insert 6, and make the machine tool less likely to deform under the influence of internal heat, so that the machine tool can maintain stable high precision during long-term operation.
  • the metal insert 6 is provided with an insert cavity with a threaded inner wall, and the fixing bolt can pass through the insert cavity of the insert, so as to facilitate the connection between the fixing bolt and the metal insert 6.
  • the bed 1 is also provided with a foot insert 71 and a flange insert 72.
  • the foot insert 71 can form a connection portion on the bed after casting, and the connection portion is used to install the foot that can support the bed 1.
  • the setting of the foot insert 71 can form a foot connection portion on the corresponding surface of the bed 1, connect and fix the structure of the bed, and improve the stability, durability and use effect of the bed.
  • the setting of the flange insert 72 can form a motor connection portion at the end of the bed 1, and connect the structure of the servo motor.
  • the column 2 is composed of a left gantry column 21, a right gantry column 22 and a gantry crossbeam 23.
  • the left gantry column 21 and the right gantry column 22 are symmetrically arranged, and the gantry crossbeam 23 is horizontally arranged above the left gantry column 21 and the right gantry column 22, and the three constitute a symmetrical gantry structure.
  • the metal inserts 6 are evenly and symmetrically distributed on the gantry crossbeam 23 to provide an installation interface for installing the X-axis guide rail.
  • connection auxiliary devices 3 are respectively arranged around the connection part between the bed 1 and the column 2, and the use of the connection auxiliary devices 3 can increase the mechanical connection stiffness between the bed 1 and the column 2.
  • the connection stiffness between the bed 1 and the column 2 is improved by combining mechanical connection and structural adhesive connection.
  • Connection auxiliary device 3 It includes an upper fixed block 31 fixed to the column 2, a lower fixed block 32 fixed to the bed 1 and a connecting component 33 that can connect the bed 1 and the column 2 together after calibration.
  • the upper fixed block 31 is fixedly connected to the column 2 through a metal insert 6 on the column 2, and the lower fixed block 32 is fixedly connected to the bed 1 through the metal insert 6.
  • the upper fixing block 31 of the same group of connection auxiliary devices 3 is arranged directly above the lower fixing block 32 .
  • connection assembly 33 includes a vertically arranged screw rod 331 and a nut 332, and the upper fixed block 31 and the lower fixed block 32 are respectively provided with through holes for the screw rod 331 to pass through.
  • the side of the nut 332 facing the through hole is set as an arc end, which is convenient for adjusting the center of the four nuts 332 and the center of the through hole and the axis of the screw rod 331 to be in a straight line, thereby improving the positioning accuracy.
  • the screw rod 331 uses the nut 332 to pre-tighten the screw rod 331, and the thread matching clearance between the nut 332 and the screw rod 331 is small, so the pre-tightening of the screw rod is simple, reliable, and has good rigidity.
  • connection auxiliary device 3 located at the front and rear sides of the machine tool further includes a bolt 34, an upper abutment block 311 is fixedly arranged at one end of the upper fixing block 31, the upper abutment block 311 is arranged on the side facing the lower fixing block 32, and a lower abutment block 321 is arranged on the lower fixing block 32.
  • the upper fixing block 31, the upper abutment block 311, the lower fixing block 32 and the lower abutment block 321 form a circular shape.
  • the bolt 34 and the screw rod 331 are arranged vertically, and one end of the bolt 34 passes through the upper abutment block 311 and abuts against the lower abutment block 321.
  • connection auxiliary devices 3 located on the left and right sides of the machine tool are connected together through a locking assembly 4 , and the joint surfaces of the bed 1 and the column 2 are tightly fitted through the locking assembly 4 .
  • the locking assembly 4 connects the upper fixing block 31 and the lower fixing block 32 of the adjacent groups of connection auxiliary devices 3 together, further increasing the connection rigidity between the bed 1 and the column 2 and ensuring the accuracy between the bed 1 and the column 2.
  • the locking assembly 4 includes a left-handed nut rod 41, a right-handed nut rod 42, and a positive and negative threaded pull rod 43 connecting the left-handed nut rod 41 and the right-handed nut rod 42.
  • the left-handed nut rod 41 is fixed to the lower fixing block 32 of one group of connecting auxiliary devices
  • the right-handed nut rod 42 is fixed to the upper fixing block 31 of the other group of connecting auxiliary devices.
  • the positive and negative threaded rods 43 are tilted, one end of the positive and negative threaded rods 43 is threadedly connected to the left-handed nut rod 41, and the other end is threadedly connected to the right-handed nut rod 42.
  • the positive and negative threaded rods 43 can be adjusted to be closer to each other, so that the column 2 and the bed 1 are closely fitted.
  • Assembly method 1 The assembly method of the auxiliary device for connecting the bed and the column includes the following steps:
  • the structural adhesive is applied on the joint surface of the bed 1, and the thickness of the structural adhesive gradually decreases from the center to the edge of the joint surface.
  • the column 2 is lowered, the lower end surface of the column 2 contacts the structural adhesive, so that the structural adhesive is evenly distributed on the joint surface of the bed 1 and the column 2;
  • the lower end of the screw rod 331 is passed through the upper fixing block 31 and the lower fixing block 32 in sequence, and the screw rod 331 is pre-tightened by the nut 332. Then, the positive and negative threaded rods 43 are adjusted to make the geometric accuracy between the column 2 and the bed 1 meet the working requirements. At this time, the column 2 and the bed 1 are 100% bonded together;
  • Assembly method 2 The assembly method of the auxiliary device for connecting the bed and the column includes the following steps:
  • a tubular insert 8 is pre-embedded inside them respectively.
  • the multiple pre-embedded tubular inserts 8 are evenly and symmetrically distributed inside the corresponding column 2 and the bed 1.
  • the formed column 2 has multiple exhaust holes 82
  • the formed bed 1 has multiple glue injection holes 81.
  • the exhaust holes 82 and the glue injection holes 81 are connected to the joint surface of the bed 1 and the column 2;
  • the structural glue is injected into the joint surface between the column 2 and the bed 1 through the glue injection hole until the structural glue overflows from the exhaust hole.
  • the structural glue is fully filled in the joint surface between the column 2 and the bed 1, so that the bed 1 and the column 2 are 100% bonded together;
  • connection stiffness of the machine tool bed and column of the embodiment and cast iron material was tested. The test results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
  • Test method See Figure 7. After the bed and the column are assembled, fix the bed, drive the lead screw through the motor to apply a force of 1000N to different points of the machine tool, simulate a weight of 17000N on the bed, and use the German MAHR digital display indicator to measure the deformation.
  • test point distribution is shown in Figures 8 and 9.
  • Figure 8 shows the point distribution on the front of the machine tool
  • Figure 9 shows the point distribution on the back of the machine tool.
  • the bed and column castings of the present application are both made of mineral cast stone materials.
  • the present application arranges metal inserts inside the cast stone materials. Through the coordination of the metal inserts and the cast stone materials, the thermal deformation at different points of the castings is similar, and the castings are heated evenly as a whole, which proves that the thermal deformation degrees of the various castings of the machine tool are similar, thereby ensuring the geometric accuracy of the machine tool.
  • the bed and column castings of the present application are both made of mineral cast stone materials.
  • the present application arranges metal inserts inside the cast stone materials. Through the cooperation of the metal inserts and the cast stone materials, the machine tool castings after molding have higher rigidity, which makes up for the poor tensile strength and compressive strength of the cast stone materials themselves, extends the service life of the various castings of the machine tool, and at the same time improves the load-bearing capacity of the various castings of the machine tool, making it difficult for the machine tool castings to deform under the influence of external forces, thereby ensuring the geometric accuracy and positioning accuracy of the various castings on the machine tool.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法，第一个目的在于提供一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，连接辅助装置分别包括设置于立柱的上固定块、设置于床身的下固定块以及用于连接上固定块和下固定块的连接组件，连接组件能够将床身和立柱校准后连接在一起。本发明公开的连接辅助装置能够提高床身和立柱的装配精度，缩短装配周期。第二个目的在于提供一种机床床身和立柱的装配方法包括设置上固定块和下固定块，将立柱吊装至床身上，采用人工粗校准；安装连接组件；在床身与立柱之间的空间填充结构胶；保持立柱原位静止，直到结构胶充分固化。本发明公开的装配方法替代刮研装配的方法，提高了装配精度。

Description

一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及数控机床技术领域，尤其涉及一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法。
背景技术
能影响机床温度的热量分为内部热量和外部热量，其中内部热量主要来源于机床本身产生的热量，如主轴电机长时间工作所产生的热量；外部热量主要来源于外界对机床的热传递或热辐射而引起的发热，如切削工件产生的切削热，尽管切削液会带走大部分的切削热，但这些热量并没有消失，切削液携带的热量仍然会有一部分传递给机床，除切削热以外，环境温度也会对机床的温度产生影响。
立柱是大型机床要求精度比较高的部件之一，它用来安装顶梁(即固定梁)、横梁和侧刀架等部件。因此，立柱的安装质量好坏不仅将直接影响到顶梁、横梁、侧刀架等部位的安装精度；而且还间接地影响到垂直刀架的安装精度，最终将影响到机床的加工精度。
目前机床的部件主要采用铸铁铸造，当机床的温度较高，超过铸铁铸造的部件的规定温度时，机床上采用铸铁铸造的部件(如，床身、立柱)在机床内部热量和外部热量的影响下，产生如下两方面的问题：一方面，会使机床的主要部件，如床身、立柱发生形变量，如床身上表面比床身下表面温度高而形成温差，床身将弯曲变形，床身上表面成中凸状，使得安装在床身上导轨的直线性受到影响，此外立柱也会因为床身的热变形而产生相应的位置变化，从而破坏机床原有的几何精度，引起了加工误差；另一方面，会使床身和立柱之间的配合间隙发生变化，影响机床的运动精度，甚至干扰机床的正常工作。
现有的立柱在装配的过程中，通常采用人工铲刮接合面上的接触点，使接触点分布均匀，从而增加床身立柱接合面的实际接触面积，提高连接刚性，但是，人工铲刮过渡依赖工人的工作经验、工作量大、加工后各配合面的精度难以保证，且对于接合面边沿和角落位置在实际铲刮过程中极易为人眼所忽略，极易漏刮，导致立柱和床身之间的几何精度降低，而机床的几何精度综合反应机床各关键零、部件及其组装后的综合几何形状和位置误差，包括部件自身精度和部件之间的相互位置精度。
因此，急需提出一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法，解决现有的机床受到不稳定、不确定的热源影响，造成床身和立柱发生不同程度形变，难以使床身和立柱在长时间的工作过程中保持稳定的几何精度的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的床身和立柱发生不同程度形变，难以使床身和立柱在长时间的工作过程中保持稳定的几何精度的问题，本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，所述的连接辅助装置能够提高床身和立柱的装配几何精度。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种床身和立柱的装配方法，通过连接辅助装置和结构胶的配合替代刮研装配的方法，提高立柱和床身之间的配合精度。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，包括床身和立柱，所述立柱竖直设置于床身的上方，所述床身和立柱的连接部分设置有多组连接辅助装置，多组所述连接辅助装置沿周向方向均匀排布；
每组所述连接辅助装置分别包括用于与立柱固定连接的上固定块、用于与床身固定连接的下固定块以及用于连接上固定块和下固定块的连接组件，所述连接组件能够将床身和立柱校准后连接在一起。
进一步地，所述连接组件包括竖直设置的丝杆，所述上固定块和下固定块分别开设有供丝杆贯穿的通孔，所述上固定块和下固定块上 分别设置有用于锁紧丝杆的螺母。
进一步地，所述螺母为朝向上下固定块的部分为弧形端，所述弧形端设置于朝向通孔。
进一步地，位于立柱同侧的连接辅助装置至少为两组，所述连接组件还包括能够将相邻连接辅助装置连接在一起锁紧组件，所述床身和立柱的接合面通过所述锁紧组件紧密贴合。
进一步地，所述锁紧组件包括左旋螺母杆、右旋螺母杆以及正反螺口拉杆；
左旋螺母杆与上固定块固定连接，右旋螺母杆与下固定块固定连接，所述正反螺口拉杆的一端和左旋螺母杆连接、另一端和右旋螺母杆连接；或
左旋螺母杆与下固定块固定连接，右旋螺母杆与上固定块固定连接，所述正反螺口拉杆的一端和左旋螺母杆连接、另一端和右旋螺母杆连接。
进一步地，所述上固定块的一端固设有上抵接块，上抵接块设置于朝向下固定块的一侧，下固定块上设置有下抵接块。
更进一步地，所述床身上还预设有地脚嵌件和床身管状嵌件，所述地脚嵌件能够于铸造后的床身上形成连接部，所述连接部用于安装能够支撑床身的地脚；所述床身管状嵌件能够于床身内形成注胶孔道；
所述立柱上预设有立柱管状嵌件，所述立柱管状嵌件能够于立柱内形成排气孔；
通过注胶孔道将结构胶注入立柱和床身之间的接合面处，使得所述立柱和床身采用结构胶粘结固定在一起。
进一步地，所述床身和立柱的内部分别预设有金属嵌件，所述金属嵌件为安装其他工件提供接口。
为实现上述第二个目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的装配方法，包括以下步骤：在立柱上设置上固定块，在床身上对应设置下固定块，将立柱吊装至床身上，采用人工粗校准；安装连接组件，通过调整连接组件使立柱和床身相互锁紧，达到规定的定位精度；在床身与立柱之间的空间填充结构胶；保持立柱原位静 止，直到结构胶充分固化。
进一步地，在床身与立柱之间的空间填充结构胶的具体方法为：在床身的接合面上，涂抹结构胶，结构胶的涂抹厚度从所述接合面的中心至边缘逐渐减小。
进一步地，在床身与立柱之间的空间填充结构胶的具体方法为：在床身上开设注胶孔，在立柱上开设用于排出空气的排气孔，将结构胶通过注胶孔注入立柱和床身之间的接合面处，直至排气孔有结构胶溢出为止。
综上所述，本发明公开的床身和立柱的连接辅助装置及方法具有以下有益效果：
通过连接辅助装置连接立柱和床身，实现对立柱和床身之间位置精度的校准，并提高立柱和床身之间的机械连接强度，在装配方法中，在床身、立柱采用结构胶粘接的方式，结构胶可以弥补床身和立柱接合面的粗糙度上的缺陷，保证立柱与床身100％的粘接，固化后结构胶具有较好的抗震、抗压、抗拉、抗冲击等物理性能，使得机械连接和结构胶连接相结合提高床身和立柱之间的连接刚度；同时，由于机床工作时，床身和立柱上运动部件在运动过程中容易产生振动，使运动部件自身以及其连接部件同步振动，从而降低床身和立柱之间的定位精度，而结构胶具有较好的抗老化能力，能够在床身和立柱的接合面处形成坚固且有缓冲力的抗磨层，降低运动部件及其连接部件的振动幅度，使得床身和立柱的连接处不易在运动部件的振动下产生间隙，保证床身和立柱的连接，使床身和立柱之间的相对位置长时间保持稳定的垂直状态，进而保证了床身和立柱之间的定位精度和几何精度。本申请通过提高床身和立柱之间的机械连接强度和几何精度以及定位精度，降低了运动部件运动对床身和立柱连接精度的影响，使机床能够在长时间的工作过程中保持稳定的几何精度和定位精度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显 而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明公开的机床床身和立柱装配后的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明公开的显示床身内部金属嵌件、冷却管路之间关系的结构示意图；
图3为本发明公开的显示立柱内部金属嵌件、冷却管路之间关系的结构示意图；
图4为本发明公开的机床床身、立柱、连接辅助装置装配过程中的整体结构示意图；
图5为图4中的A部放大图；
图6为本发明公开的床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的结构示意图；
图7为本发明公开的床身和立柱装配后施力示意图；
图8为本发明公开的机床正面点位点位分布示意图；
图9为本发明公开的机床背面点位点位示意图。
图中：1、床身；2、立柱；21、龙门左立柱；22、龙门右立柱；23、龙门横梁；3、连接辅助装置；31、上固定块；311、上抵接块；32、下固定块；321、下抵接块；33、连接组件；331、丝杆；332、螺母；34、螺栓；4、锁紧组件；41、左旋螺母杆；42、右旋螺母杆；43、正反螺口拉杆；5、冷却管路；6、金属嵌件；71、地脚嵌件；72、法兰嵌件；8、管状嵌件；81、注胶孔；82、排气孔。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图1-9，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本申请所涉及的床身1和立柱2可以采用铸铁、花岗石和复合矿 物材料，铸铁、花岗石和复合矿物材料性能对比分析见下表1，根据GBT 7897-2008标准对上述材料进行对比。
表1、材料对比表
由表1可以看出，铸石材质的性能相比于铸铁、花岗石具有高精度、稳定性好、吸震好、热膨胀系数与钢件相近的优点，因此本申请实施例中采用床身1和立柱2均采用矿物铸石的材料制成，矿物铸石的材料在受热的状况下，自身体积膨胀变化小，热导率降低仅为灰铸铁的1/20，单位时间内，采用矿物铸石的材料的机床对温度的变化小于采用灰铸铁零件的机床对温度的变化，使机床的铸件变形较小，保证了机床的几何精度；同时，由于机床工作时，滑鞍、滑枕等运动部 件运动过程中容易产生振动，使运动部件自身以及其连接部件同步振动，降低运动部件的重复定位精度和相对位置精度，进而影响加工精度，铸石材质具有良好的减振性能，能够降低运动部件及其连接部件的振动幅度，使床身和立柱之间的相对位置保持稳定，从而使床身和立柱之间的配合间隙不易发生变化，保证了床身和立柱之间的定位精度。
实施例
参照图1，一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，包括床身1和立柱2，立柱2竖直设置于床身1的上方，床身1和立柱2的接合面上涂覆有结构胶层，结构胶层的设置可以弥补床身和立柱接合面的粗糙度上的缺陷，保证立柱与床身100％的粘接，由于结构胶具有较好的抗老化能力，能够于床身和立柱的接合面处形成坚固且有缓冲力的抗磨层，固化后结构胶具有较好的抗震、抗压、抗拉、抗冲击等物理性能，降低了机床工作过程中震动等因素对床身和立柱连接处的影响，较传统的铸铁刮研结合面的工艺，增加了床身和立柱之间的连接刚度。
结合图1和图2，床身1和立柱2的内部分别设置有冷却管路5和金属嵌件6，冷却管路5能够对机床主体进行恒温冷却控制，床身1和立柱2的外表面粘贴有发泡保温棉，降低外围温度对于机床精度的影响，金属嵌件6为不同铸件之间的连接以及铸件上装配体的安装提供接口。金属嵌件6优选为强度较高的钢制嵌件，钢制嵌件能过弥补铸石材料强度的上的不足，保证铸件的整体刚度，同时钢制嵌件的设置能够在机床各铸件上产生均匀的温度场，使机床各铸件的热辐射具有线性和规律性。再通过金属嵌件6和冷却管路5配合，将床身1和立柱2内部热源快速导出，同时在外部发泡保温棉的作用下降低机床外部热源的导入，即将无规律的热隔在机床外部，机床内部热导出，从而降低热源对机床温度的影响，减小了机床工作过程中床身1和立柱2产生的热变形，使机床能够在长时间的工作过程中保持稳定的几何精度、运动精度、定位精度。
在浇铸床身1和立柱2铸件时，将冷却管路5分别预埋至床身1和立柱2的内部，冷却管路5成排间隔设置且形状与对应床身1和立 柱2的结构适应，冷却管路5的布设走向避开床身1和立柱2内部金属嵌件6的结构，能够实现对机床内部的散热，保持机床内部温度恒定，降低内部热量对机床以及金属嵌件6的影响，使得机床不易在内部热量影响下产生形变，从而机床能够在长时间的工作过程中保持稳定的高精度。
金属嵌件6开设有内壁为螺纹结构的嵌件空腔，固定螺栓能够穿过嵌件的嵌件空腔，便于固定螺栓与金属嵌件6连接。金属嵌件6为多个，多个金属嵌件6分别与床身1和立柱2上对称且对称分布，当床身1和立柱2受热时，床身1和立柱2的热量容易传导至金属嵌件6上，在多个对称布设的嵌件的作用下使床身1和立柱2的温度呈对称分布，进而使得床身1和立柱2的散热面积、导热途径和零件的质量等对称分布，从而减少床身1和立柱2的热变形。
床身1上还设置有地脚嵌件71和法兰嵌件72，地脚嵌件71为多个，多个地脚嵌件71于床身1下端面上对称分布。地脚嵌件71能够于铸造后的床身上形成连接部，连接部用于安装能够支撑床身1的地脚。地脚嵌件71的设置能够在对应的床身1表面形成地脚连接部，连接固定床身的结构，提高了床身的稳定性、耐用性和使用效果。法兰嵌件72设置能够在床身1端部形成电机连接部，连接伺服电机的结构。
结合图1和图3，立柱2由龙门左立柱21、龙门右立柱22以及龙门横梁23组成，龙门左立柱21和龙门右立柱22对称设置，龙门横梁23水平设置于龙门左立柱21和龙门右立柱22的上方，三者构成对称龙门结构。金属嵌件6均匀且对称分布在龙门横梁23上，为安装X轴导轨提供安装接口。
参照图4，床身1和立柱2连接部分的四周分别设置有连接辅助装置3，采用连接辅助装置3能够增加床身1和立柱2之间的机械连接刚度。通过采用机械连接和结构胶连接相结合的方式，提高床身1和立柱2之间的连接刚度。
位于机床的同侧设置有两组连接辅助装置3，两组连接辅助装置3沿立柱2和床身1连接部分的周向方向间隔设置。连接辅助装置3 包括固设于立柱2的上固定块31、固设于床身1的下固定块32和能够将床身1和立柱2校准后连接在一起的连接组件33，上固定块31通过和立柱2上的金属嵌件6和立柱2固定连接，下固定块32通过金属嵌件6和床身1固定连接。
当床身1和立柱2对准时，位于同组连接辅助装置3的上固定块31设置于下固定块32的正上方。
结合图4和图5，连接组件33包括竖直设置的丝杆331和螺母332，上固定块31和下固定块32分别开设有供丝杆331贯穿的通孔。螺母332为四个，两个螺母332位于上固定块31的上下两侧，另外两个螺母332位于下固定块32的上下两侧，螺母332朝向通孔的一侧设置为弧形端，便于调节四个螺母332的中心和通孔的中心以及丝杆331的轴线处于一条直线上，提高定位精度。丝杆331采用螺母332预紧丝杆331，螺母332和丝杆331之间的螺纹配合间隙较小，对丝杆的预紧简单可靠、刚性好。
结合图4和图5，位于机床前后两侧的连接辅助装置3还包括螺栓34，上固定块31的一端固设有上抵接块311，上抵接块311设置于朝向下固定块32的一侧，下固定块32上设置有下抵接块321，当立柱2和床身1装配在一起时，上固定块31、上抵接块311、下固定块32和下抵接块321围成回型。螺栓34和丝杆331垂直设置，螺栓34的一端贯穿于上抵接块311后和下抵接块321抵接。
结合图4和图6，位于机床左右两侧的两组连接辅助装置3之间通过锁紧组件4连接在一起，床身1和立柱2的接合面通过锁紧组件4紧密贴合。
锁紧组件4将相邻组连接辅助装置3的上固定块31和下固定块32连接在一起，进一步增加了床身1和立柱2之间的连接刚度，保证床身1和立柱2之间的精度。
锁紧组件4包括左旋螺母杆41、右旋螺母杆42以及连接左旋螺母杆41和右旋螺母杆42的正反螺口拉杆43，左旋螺母杆41固设于其中一组连接辅助装置的下固定块32，右旋螺母杆42固设于另一组连接辅助装置的上固定块31，左旋螺母杆41和右旋螺母杆42的螺 纹旋向相反。正反螺口拉杆43倾斜设置，正反螺口拉杆43的一端和左旋螺母杆41螺纹连接、另一端和右旋螺母杆42螺纹连接，通过旋拧正反螺口拉杆43能够调整正反螺口拉杆43相互靠近，进而使得立柱2与床身1紧密贴合。
装配方法1：床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的装配方法，包括以下步骤：
首先，在铸石立柱2上安装上固定块31，在铸石床身1上安装下固定块32，将立柱2吊装至床身1上，采用人工粗校准，使得上固定块31位于下固定块32的正上方；
其次，在床身1的接合面上涂抹结构胶，结构胶的涂抹厚度从接合面的中心至边缘逐渐减小，随着立柱2的下放，立柱2的下端面和结构胶接触，使得结构胶均匀分布在床身1和立柱2的接合面上；
然后，将丝杆331的下端依次贯穿于上固定块31和下固定块32，采用螺母332预紧丝杆331，随后调整正反螺口拉杆43，使立柱2和床身1之间的几何精度达到工作要求标准，此时立柱2与床身1之间100％粘接在一起；
最后，保持立柱2原位静止，直到结构胶充分固化。
装配方法2：床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的装配方法，包括以下步骤：
首先，在浇铸立柱2上和床身1时分别在其内部预埋管状嵌件8，预埋的管状嵌件8为多个，多个预埋的管状嵌件8于对应立柱2和床身1的内部均匀且对称分布，同时由于预埋管状件的设置使得成型后的立柱2上具有多个排气孔82，成型后的床身1上具有多个注胶孔81，排气孔82和注胶孔81均连通床身1与立柱2的接合面处；
在铸石立柱2上安装上固定块31，在铸石床身1上安装下固定块32，将立柱2吊装至床身1上，采用人工粗校准，使得上固定块31位于下固定块32的正上方；
然后，将丝杆331的下端依次贯穿于上固定块31和下固定块32，采用螺母332预紧丝杆331，随后调整正反螺口拉杆43，使立柱2和床身1之间的几何精度达到工作要求标准，随后静置48小时，进行 二次复检；
二次复检合格后，将结构胶通过注胶孔注入立柱2和床身1之间的接合面处，直至排气孔有结构胶溢出为止，结构胶充分填充在立柱2和床身1的接合面，使床身1和立柱2之间100％粘接在一起；
最后，保持立柱2原位静止，直到结构胶充分固化。
性能测试：
对实施例以及铸铁材质的机床床身和立柱进行连接刚度的测试。检测结果见表2和表3。
测试方法：参见图7，在床身和立柱装配完成后，将床身进行固定，通过电机驱动丝杠分别对机床不同点位施加1000N的作用力，在床身上模拟重物＝17000N，用德国马尔MAHR数显指示表测量形变量。
测试点位分布参见图8和图9，图8为机床正面的点位点位分布；图9为机床背面的点位分布。
表2、铸石材质床身、立柱受力形变量测试数据
表3、铸铁材质床身、立柱受力形变量测试数据

由表2和表3对比可以看出，相同温度、相同测试点位、相同作用力、相同时间下，采用铸石材料制成的铸件形变量小于采用铸铁材料制成的铸件形变量，即铸石材料制成的铸件的刚性大于铸铁材料制成的铸件的刚性，从而保证了铸件的几何精度。
本申请的床身和立柱铸件均采用矿物铸石材料材质制成，本申请通过在铸石材料内部布设金属嵌件，通过金属嵌件和铸石材料的配合，铸件不同点位处热变形相近，铸件整体受热均匀，证明机床的各铸件热变形程度相近，从而保证机床的几何精度。
本申请的床身和立柱铸件均采用矿物铸石材料材质制成，本申请通过在铸石材料内部布设金属嵌件，通过金属嵌件和铸石材料的配合，使成型后的机床铸件具有更高的刚度，弥补了铸石材料本身抗拉强度和抗压强度较差的问题，延长机床各铸件的使用寿命，同时提高了机床各铸件的承重能力，使得机床铸件不易在外力影响下形变，保证机床上各铸件的几何精度和定位精度。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，用于将立柱(2)装配在床身(1)上，其特征在于，所述床身(1)和立柱(2)的连接部分设置有多组连接辅助装置(3)，多组所述连接辅助装置(3)沿周向方向均匀排布；
    每组所述连接辅助装置(3)分别用于与立柱(2)固定连接的上固定块(31)、用于与床身(1)固定连接的下固定块(32)以及用于连接上固定块(31)和下固定块(32)的连接组件(33)，所述连接组件(33)能够将床身(1)和立柱(2)校准后连接在一起。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，其特征在于，所述连接组件(33)包括竖直设置的丝杆(331)，所述上固定块(31)和下固定块(32)分别开设有供丝杆(331)贯穿的通孔，所述上固定块(31)和下固定块(32)上分别设置有用于锁紧丝杆(331)的螺母(332)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，其特征在于，所述螺母(332)为具有一个弧形端的圆头螺母(332)，所述弧形端设置于朝向通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，其特征在于，位于立柱(2)同侧的连接辅助装置(3)至少为两组，所述连接辅助装置(3)还包括能够将相邻连接辅助装置(3)连接在一起锁紧组件(4)，所述床身(1)和立柱(2)的接合面通过所述锁紧组件(4)紧密贴合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，其特征在于，所述锁紧组件(4)包括左旋螺母杆(41)、右旋螺母杆(42)以及正反螺口拉杆(43)；
    左旋螺母杆(41)与上固定块(31)固定连接，右旋螺母杆(42)与下固定块(32)固定连接，所述正反螺口拉杆(43)的一端和左旋螺母杆(41)连接、另一端和右旋螺母杆(42)连接；或
    左旋螺母杆(41)与下固定块(32)固定连接，右旋螺母杆(42)与上固定块(31)固定连接，所述正反螺口拉杆(43)的一端和左旋螺母杆(41)连接、另一端和右旋螺母杆(42)连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种床身和立柱的连接辅助装置，其特征在于，所述上固定块(31)的一端固设有上抵接块(311)，上抵接块(311)设置于朝向下固定块(32)的一侧，下固定块(32)上设置有下 抵接块(321)。
  7. 使用权利要求1-6任意一项所述的床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    在立柱(2)上设置上固定块(31)，在床身(1)上对应设置下固定块(32)，将立柱(2)吊装至床身(1)上，采用人工粗校准；
    安装连接组件(33)，通过调整连接组件(33)使立柱(2)和床身(1)相互锁紧；
    在床身(1)与立柱(2)之间的空间填充结构胶；
    保持立柱(2)原位静止，直到结构胶充分固化。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的方法，其特征在于，在床身(1)与立柱(2)之间的空间填充结构胶的具体方法为：在床身(1)的接合面上，涂抹结构胶，结构胶的涂抹厚度从所述接合面的中心至边缘逐渐减小。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的床身和立柱的连接辅助装置的方法，其特征在于，在床身(1)与立柱(2)之间的空间填充结构胶的具体方法为：在床身(1)上开设注胶孔，在立柱(2)上开设用于排出空气的排气孔，将结构胶通过注胶孔注入立柱(2)和床身(1)之间的接合面处，直至排气孔有结构胶溢出为止。
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