WO2024112986A1 - Réservoir cryogénique - Google Patents

Réservoir cryogénique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024112986A1
WO2024112986A1 PCT/AT2023/060385 AT2023060385W WO2024112986A1 WO 2024112986 A1 WO2024112986 A1 WO 2024112986A1 AT 2023060385 W AT2023060385 W AT 2023060385W WO 2024112986 A1 WO2024112986 A1 WO 2024112986A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
check valve
refueling
extraction
inner tank
removal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2023/060385
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Zieger
Original Assignee
Andreas Zieger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Andreas Zieger filed Critical Andreas Zieger
Publication of WO2024112986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024112986A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cryogenic tank for receiving, storing and dispensing a cryogenic medium, in particular a cryogenic tank for receiving cryogenic hydrogen, and a method for filling and emptying a cryogenic tank with a cryogenic medium according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a fuel supply system for cryogenic fuels such as LNG (liquid natural gas) or LH2 (liquid hydrogen) generally comprises a double-walled container with an inner tank to hold the fuel, an outer tank with a vacuum-insulated space arranged between them with insulation to reduce the heat input into the inner tank, an inner tank suspension for positioning the inner tank in the outer tank, a heat-insulated filler neck (Johnson-Cox coupling) on the outer tank to accommodate a cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling including switching components, switching components for controlling the mass flow during refueling, switching components for controlling the mass flow during removal, switching components for limiting the inner tank pressure, an inner tank heat exchanger and associated switching components for maintaining the inner tank pressure, a heat exchanger for heating the fuel for the consumer, lines for connecting the individual switching components and heat exchangers, and sensors for controlling the mass flows, for monitoring and for diagnosis.
  • LNG liquid natural gas
  • LH2 liquid hydrogen
  • DE102020206689 discloses a controlled cryogenic switching valve for the gaseous phase and a controlled cryogenic switching valve for the liquid phase, whereby the cryogenic valves are pressed open by the fuel flow during refueling and whereby, for continuous emptying, a control device enables removal at high internal tank pressure preferably via the cryogenic valve for the gaseous phase and at low internal tank pressure preferably via the cryogenic switching valve for the liquid phase.
  • DE102009012380 discloses a phase transfer valve with a dynamically sealed reference pressure element, which enables the removal of gaseous fuel at high internal tank pressure and the removal of liquid fuel at low internal tank pressure without influence from a control unit.
  • a common feature of the two applications is the use of switching components with actuators in the cryogenic filling and removal path.
  • Another common feature of the two applications is the arrangement of the switching components for controlling the filling and removal process in the vacuum-insulated space between the inner tank and the outer tank.
  • the switching components are generally designed in such a way that the individual parts responsible for the tightness can be removed when installed and that, despite the cryogenic temperature of the fuel, no cold spot with liquefaction or condensation of air components occurs on the ambient side of the valve during operation.
  • cryogenic switching valves as shown e.g. in EP 1801408
  • the disadvantages of cryogenic switching valves are the enormous space requirement of the valve to avoid cold spots on the ambient side, the cost of the cryogenic valve, the cost of welding the valve housings and the connecting lines, the cost of testing the welds, the disruption of the insulation and thus the reduction of the insulation effect when arranging the cryogenic valves in the insulation space and the weight.
  • cryogenic phase transfer valve colloquially also called “economizer”, as shown e.g. in DE102009012380, are also the enormous space requirement of the valve to avoid cold spots on the ambient side, the costs of the cryogenic phase transfer valve, the costs for welding the valve housings and the connecting lines, the costs for testing the welds, the disruption of the insulation when arranging the cryogenic valves in the isolation space, the reference pressure element that has to be dynamically sealed and the weight.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a cryogenic tank and a method for filling and emptying this cryogenic tank by avoiding switching elements with actuators, work steps and test procedures.
  • the present object is achieved by providing a cryogenic tank according to claim 1 and by providing a method for filling and emptying this cryogenic tank with the features of claims 8 to 13.
  • the task is solved by using switching components without actuator instead of switching elements with actuator, whose positioning in an existing thermally insulated Component, its accessibility and its flow through for refueling and continuous emptying of the cryogenic tank.
  • the problem is solved by using check valves, pilot-operated check valves, a pipe rupture safety device or a throttle in a purpose-built arrangement instead of electromechanical, electropneumatic or electrohydraulic shut-off valves and an internal tank pressure control valve, whereby the switching elements for controlling the fuel flow during refueling and/or removal are arranged in different design variants in the filler neck and whereby all cryogenic valves can be removed after removing the vehicle-side refueling coupling.
  • the cryogenic valves are combined to form a compact valve block, whereby the valve block forms the housing of the switching elements or accommodates the switching elements with housing and whereby holes in the valve block replace the welded lines according to the state of the art and connect the individual switching components.
  • the valve block or the filler neck may further contain other components of the cryogenic tank, such as the shut-off valve, the valves for limiting the internal tank pressure, the valves for maintaining the internal tank pressure, the heat exchanger, and the like.
  • the cryogenic tank can be filled with the liquid phase or the supercritical phase, depending on the pressure level.
  • the liquid or supercritical phase flows from the filling station to the inner tank and the gaseous phase from the inner tank to the filling station.
  • the liquid or supercritical phase flows from the filling station to the inner tank and no fuel flows from the inner tank to the filling station.
  • the cryogenic tank can be filled with the gaseous phase at the end of the refueling to increase the pressure. After refueling or during operation, the gaseous and/or supercritical and/or liquid phase is removed depending on the pressure level, withdrawal quantity, switching devices and heat exchanger performance.
  • liquid or supercritical fuel flows from the filling station via a refueling check valve to the inner tank and, if required, gaseous or supercritical fuel flows from the inner tank to the filling station via an unlocked return gas check valve.
  • gaseous or supercritical fuel flows via a pipe rupture safety device and, if required, supercritical or liquid fuel flows via an unlocked check valve or a throttle to the consumer.
  • the filler neck of the cryogenic tank is a tubular component, the outer tank end of which is tightly connected to the outer tank and the inner tank end is tightly connected to the pipes.
  • the tank-side refueling coupling is tightly attached to the outer tank end of the filler neck and extends through the tubular middle part of the filler neck to the inner tank end of the filler neck, where the Line connection is made.
  • the tank-side refueling coupling as shown in DE4104766, for example, generally comprises valves for refueling and sealing, which are (partially) operated by the gas station-side refueling coupling.
  • the tubular middle section of the filler neck is designed with a thin wall to prevent a cold spot on the outside.
  • the refueling Due to the refueling check valve for filling and the unlockable return gas check valve for gas return in the case of a two-flow refueling, the refueling is controlled exclusively by the filling station and does not require any energy supply to the cryogenic tank.
  • the pipe rupture protection device and the unlockable extraction check valve or throttle ensure continuous emptying of the cryogenic tank, with the switchover from gas extraction to liquid extraction occurring either automatically without external intervention due to a drop in pressure when flowing through the pipe rupture protection device or with external intervention by a short-term increase in the extraction quantity initiated by a control unit above the extraction quantity that triggers the closing of the pipe rupture protection device at the respective pressure in the inner tank.
  • shut-off valves By using check valves, pilot-operated check valves, a pipe rupture protection device and a throttle instead of electromechanical, electropneumatic or electrohydraulic shut-off valves and/or a phase transfer valve in the cryogenic tank, only one shut-off valve with actuator is required for filling and removal, preferably arranged downstream of the heat exchanger in the flow direction.
  • the arrangement of the switching elements in a valve block creates a manageable assembly with a compact design, simple assembly and simple pre-testing.
  • each cryogenic switching element or the entire assembly can be easily replaced.
  • the insulation is not disturbed and the insulation effect is improved.
  • cryogenic switching elements By arranging the cryogenic switching elements in a space that is accessible via the filler neck, the risk of icing is reduced.
  • the disclosed structure reduces the costs of the cryotank.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cryogenic tank according to the invention in a preferred embodiment for a double-flow refueling with a check valve and with a releasable check valve in the refueling path, as well as a pipe rupture protection device and a releasable check valve in the removal path.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the cryogenic tank according to the invention for a double-flow refueling with a check valve and with a releasable check valve in the refueling path, a pipe rupture protection device and a releasable check valve in the removal path, as well as an additional check valve for filling and removal.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of the cryogenic tank according to the invention for single-flow refueling with a check valve in the refueling path, as well as a pipe rupture protection device and a releasable check valve in the removal path.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further alternative embodiment of the cryogenic tank according to the invention for single-flow refueling with a check valve in the refueling path, as well as a pipe rupture protection device and a releasable check valve in the removal path.
  • Figure 5 shows the cryogenic tank according to the invention from Figure 1 for a double-flow refueling with a check valve and with a releasable check valve in the refueling path, as well as a pipe rupture protection device and a throttle instead of a releasable check valve in the removal path.
  • Figure 6 shows the cryogenic tank according to the invention from Figure 1 for a double-flow refueling with a check valve and with a releasable check valve in the refueling path, as well as a pipe rupture protection device and a check valve instead of a releasable check valve in the removal path.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of a cryogenic tank 100 for dual-flow refueling with gas return to the filling station, comprising an inner tank 1 for holding the cryogenic fuel at a certain pressure or temperature, an outer tank 2 for delimiting the vacuum-insulated space 3 between the inner tank 1 and the outer tank 2 with insulation 4 for reducing the heat input to the inner tank 1 and a heat-insulated filler neck 5 for receiving the tank-side refueling coupling 6.
  • a refueling check valve 7 is arranged in the filler neck 5 for filling the inner tank 1 with liquid or supercritical fuel, which opens during refueling due to the pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1 through the refueling flow, otherwise closes the inner tank 1 and enables pressure equalization from the filler neck 5 or from the refueling coupling 6 to the inner tank 1.
  • the refueling check valve 7 is connected on the refueling coupling side to the refueling line 8 of the tank-side refueling coupling 6 and on the inner tank side via the filling line 9 to a filling and removal line 11 ending in a liquid chamber 10 of the inner tank 1.
  • a releasable return gas check valve 12 is also arranged for filling, which opens during refueling due to the mechanical coupling with the refueling check valve 7 by the opening movement of the closing body in the refueling check valve 7 and thereby enables the return flow of gas from the inner tank 1 to the filling station, otherwise closes the inner tank 1 and enables pressure equalization from the filler neck 5 or from the refueling coupling 6 to the inner tank 1.
  • the unlockable return gas check valve 12 is connected on the refueling coupling side to the gas return line 13 of the tank-side refueling coupling 6 and on the inside tank side via the return gas line 14 to a return gas and extraction line 16 ending in a gas chamber 15 of the inner tank 1.
  • a pipe rupture protection device 17 with a bypass bore is arranged in the filler neck 5 for the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel.
  • This bypass bore is open, flows through when gaseous or supercritical fuel is extracted from a gas chamber 15 and closes automatically at a defined mass flow as a result of a resulting pressure loss.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 is connected on the inside tank side via the return gas and extraction line 16 to a gas chamber 15 of the inner tank 1 and on the refueling coupling side to an extraction line 18.
  • a releasable extraction check valve 19 is also arranged for the extraction of liquid or supercritical fuel, which is closed but can be opened by the Closing movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 opens and thereby enables the removal of the liquid or supercritical fuel from the liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1.
  • the unlockable extraction check valve 19 is connected on the inner tank side via the filling and extraction line 11 to a liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1 and on the refueling coupling side to the extraction line 18.
  • a heat exchanger 20 connected to the extraction line 18 heats the cryogenic fuel when required and the shut-off valve 21 arranged downstream closes the cryogenic tank 100 in the direction of the consumer when required.
  • fuel in a liquid or supercritical state flows into the inner tank 1 via the refueling line 8, the open refueling check valve 7, the filling line 9 and the filling and extraction line 11 due to a pressure gradient between the filling station and the inner tank 1, and fuel in a gaseous state flows to the filling station via the return gas and extraction line 16, the return gas line 14, the return gas check valve 12 unlocked and thus opened by the refueling check valve 7 and the gas return line 13 due to a pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the filling station.
  • the refueling check valve 7 closes automatically due to the lack of a pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1, and thus also the return gas check valve 12 unlocked and thus opened during refueling.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 closes at a predetermined pressure drop, prevents the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1 and, via the mechanical coupling through the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 from the open position to the closed position, unlocks and thus opens the unlockable extraction check valve 19, whereby when the pipe rupture protection device 17 is closed, fuel in a liquid or supercritical state of aggregation flows from the inner tank 1 to the consumer via the filling and extraction line 11, the unlocked and thus opened extraction check valve 19 and the extraction line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the consumer.
  • the switching process results in a continuous emptying of the inner tank 1, whereby the pressure in the inner tank 1 is always first reduced by the extraction via the return gas and extraction line 16 to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture protection device 17 and only after the pipe rupture protection device has closed 17 the removal takes place via the filling and removal line 11.
  • the bypass bore of the pipe rupture safety device 17 equalizes the pressure between the filling and removal line 16 and the removal line 18, whereby the pipe rupture safety device 17 opens and, via the mechanical coupling through the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the closed position to the open position, closes the unlocked and thus opened removal check valve 19.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and the unlockable return gas check valve 12 are closed during removal.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is open when the consumer is supplied with fuel.
  • the tank-side refueling path for filling the inner tank 1 between the tank-side filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 comprises two switching components without an actuator, namely the refueling check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12.
  • the removal path for emptying the inner tank 1 between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 to the consumer comprises two switching components without an actuator, namely the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the releasable removal check valve 19, and a switching component, preferably with an actuator, with the shut-off valve 21. No switching component with an actuator is used in the low temperature range.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section of a cryogenic tank 100 for a double-flow refueling with gas return to the filling station, wherein, in comparison to Figure 1, a refueling and extraction check valve 22 is arranged between the switching elements for refueling 7, 12 and the switching elements for extraction 17, 19.
  • the refueling and extraction check valve 22 is connected in the flow direction on the inlet side via the return gas line 14 to the refueling-side inlet of the releasable return gas check valve 12 and the extraction-side outlet of the pipe rupture protection device 17 and in the flow direction on the outlet side via the filling line 9 to the outlet of the refueling check valve 7 and the extraction-side outlet of the releasable extraction check valve 19.
  • the refueling and extraction check valve 22 is closed during refueling to prevent backflow of liquid or supercritical fuel from the refueling check valve 7 to the releasable return gas check valve 12 and allows flow from the pipe rupture protection device 17 to the extraction line 18 during extraction.
  • the unlockable extraction check valve 19 opened by the refueling flow and the filling and extraction line 11 into the inner tank 1 and fuel in a gaseous state due to a pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the filling station via the return gas and extraction line 16, the pipe rupture protection device 17, the return gas line 14, the return gas check valve 12 unlocked and thus opened by the refueling check valve 7 and the gas return line 13 from the inner tank 1 to the filling station.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and thus also the return gas check valve 12 unlocked and thus opened during refueling close automatically due to the lack of pressure difference between the filling station and the inner tank 1.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 closes at a predetermined pressure drop, prevents the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1 and, via the mechanical coupling through the movement of the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 from the open position to the closed position, unlocks and thus opens the unlockable extraction check valve 19, whereby due to the closed pipe rupture protection device 17, fuel in a liquid or supercritical state of aggregation flows from the inner tank 1 to the consumer via the filling and extraction line 11, the unlocked and thus opened extraction check valve 19 and the extraction line 18 when the refueling and extraction check valve 22 is closed due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the consumer.
  • the switching process results in a continuous emptying of the inner tank 1, whereby the pressure in the inner tank 1 is always first reduced by the extraction via the return gas and extraction line 16 to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, and only after the pipe rupture safety device 17 has been closed does the extraction take place via the filling and extraction line 11.
  • the pipe rupture safety device 17 If no fuel or only a small amount with the associated small pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the extraction line 18 is required by the consumer when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, the pressure is equalized between the filling and extraction line 16 and the extraction line 18 through the bypass bore of the pipe rupture safety device 17, whereby the pipe rupture safety device 17 opens and, via the mechanical coupling, by the movement of the closing body of the Pipe rupture protection 17 closes the unlocked and thus opened extraction check valve 19 from the closed position to the open position.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and the unlockable return gas check valve 12 are closed during extraction.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is open when the consumer is supplied with fuel.
  • the refueling and extraction check valve 22 is open when fuel is extracted via the pipe rupture protection device 17 and is closed when fuel is extracted via the unlocked extraction check valve 19.
  • the tank-side refueling path for filling the inner tank 1 between the tank-side filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 comprises five switching components without an actuator: the refueling check valve 7, the unlockable extraction check valve 19, the unlockable return gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the refueling and extraction check valve 22.
  • the tank-side extraction path for emptying the inner tank 1 between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 to the consumer comprises three switching components without an actuator: the pipe rupture protection device 17, the unlockable extraction check valve 19 and the refueling and extraction check valve 22 and one switching component, preferably with an actuator, with the shut-off valve 21. No switching component with an actuator is used in the low temperature range.
  • Fig. 3 shows a section of a cryogenic tank 100 for single-flow refueling without gas return to the filling station during refueling, whereby, in comparison to Figure 1, no unlockable return gas check valve 12 is installed.
  • the tank-side refueling path for filling the inner tank 1 between the tank-side filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 comprises the refueling check valve 7, a switching component without an actuator.
  • the tank-side removal path for emptying the inner tank 1 between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 21 to the consumer comprises the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the unlockable removal check valve 19, two switching components without an actuator, and the shut-off valve 21, a switching component, preferably with an actuator. No switching component with an actuator is used in the low-temperature range. Fig.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of a cryogenic tank 100 for single-flow refueling without gas return to the filling station during refueling, wherein, in comparison to Figure 3, the outlet of the refueling check valve 7, the withdrawal-side outlet of the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the withdrawal-side outlet of the releasable withdrawal check valve 19 are connected to the withdrawal line 18.
  • the tank-side refueling path for filling the inner tank 1 between the tank-side filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 comprises three switching components without an actuator: the refueling check valve 7, the releasable extraction check valve 19 and the pipe rupture protection device 17.
  • the tank-side extraction path for emptying the inner tank 1 between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 21 to the consumer comprises two switching components without an actuator: the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the releasable extraction check valve 19 and one switching component, preferably with an actuator, with the shut-off valve 21. No switching component with an actuator is used in the low-temperature range.
  • Fig. 5 shows a section of a cryogenic tank 100 for a dual-flow refueling with gas return to the filling station, wherein, in comparison to Figure 1, a throttle 23 replaces the unlockable extraction check valve 19.
  • the switching process results in continuous emptying of the inner tank 1, whereby the pressure in the inner tank 1 is always first reduced by extraction via the return gas and extraction line 16 to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, and only after the pipe rupture safety device 17 has been closed does extraction via the filling and extraction line 11 take place. If no fuel or only a small amount with the associated small pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the extraction line 18 is required by the consumer when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, the pressure between the filling and extraction line 16 and the extraction line 18 is equalized through the bypass bore of the pipe rupture safety device 17, causing the pipe rupture safety device 17 to open.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and the unlockable return gas check valve 12 are closed during extraction.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is open when the consumer is supplied with fuel.
  • the cross-section of the throttle 23 and thus the pressure drop of the throttle 24 should be dimensioned such that when the pipe rupture protection device 17 is open, a maximum of 25% of the withdrawal quantity and preferably a maximum of 10% of the withdrawal quantity is withdrawn via the throttle 24.
  • the tank-side refueling path for filling the inner tank 1 between the tank-side filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 comprises two switching components without an actuator, namely the refueling check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12.
  • the removal path for emptying the inner tank 1 between the inner tank 1 and the shut-off valve 15 to the consumer comprises a switching component without an actuator, namely the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the throttle 23, and a switching component, preferably with an actuator, namely the shut-off valve 21. No switching component with an actuator is used in the low-temperature range.
  • Fig. 6 shows a section of a cryogenic tank 100 for a dual-flow refueling with gas return to the filling station, wherein, in comparison to Figure 1, a withdrawal check valve 24 replaces the unlockable withdrawal check valve 19.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 opens due to a pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the consumer. Due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the consumer, fuel in a gaseous or supercritical state flows via the return gas and extraction line 16, the opened pipe rupture protection device 17 and the extraction line 18 from the inner tank 1 to the consumer.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 closes at a predetermined pressure drop and prevents the removal of gaseous or supercritical fuel from the inner tank 1, whereby when the pipe rupture protection device 17 is closed, fuel in a liquid or supercritical state flows from the inner tank 1 to the consumer via the filling and removal line 11, the removal check valve 24 opened by the removal flow and the removal line 18 due to the pressure gradient between the inner tank 1 and the consumer.
  • the switching process results in continuous emptying of the inner tank 1, whereby the pressure in the inner tank 1 is always first reduced by extraction via the return gas and extraction line 16 to the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, and only after the pipe rupture safety device 17 has been closed does extraction via the filling and extraction line 11 take place. If no fuel or only a small amount with the associated small pressure drop between the inner tank 1 and the extraction line 18 is required by the consumer when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, the pressure between the filling and extraction line 16 and the extraction line 18 is equalized through the bypass bore of the pipe rupture safety device 17, causing the pipe rupture safety device 17 to open.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and the unlockable return gas check valve 12 are closed during extraction.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is open when the consumer is supplied with fuel.
  • the tank-side refueling path for filling the inner tank 1 between the tank-side filling coupling 6 and the inner tank 1 comprises two switching components without an actuator: the refueling check valve 7 and the releasable return gas check valve 12.
  • the removal path for emptying the inner tank 1 between the inner tank 1 and the Shut-off valve 15 to the consumer comprises a switching component without an actuator with the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the extraction check valve 24 and a switching component preferably with an actuator with the shut-off valve 21. No switching component with an actuator is used in the low-temperature range.
  • the unlockable extraction check valve 19 can be replaced by the throttle 23 in Figures 1 to 4, wherein in Figure 4, due to the flow resistance of the throttle 23, refueling is mainly carried out via the pipe rupture protection device 17, wherein the flow resistance of the throttle 23 during refueling can be designed to be smaller than the flow resistance of the throttle 23 during extraction in order to refuel via the throttle 23.
  • the unlockable extraction check valve 19 can be replaced in Figures 1, 3 and 4 by an extraction check valve 24, whereby in Figure 4 only the pipe rupture protection device 17 is used for refueling.
  • the unlockable extraction check valve 19 can be replaced in Figure 2 by two extraction check valves 24 arranged in parallel with opposite opening directions or by a throttle check valve.
  • the refueling path for two flow refueling includes a first refueling path with a refueling check valve 7 and other switching components for supplying liquid or supercritical fuel and a second refueling path via the unlockable return gas check valve 12 and other switching components for removing gaseous fuel.
  • the first refueling path is designed with a refueling check valve 7 for supplying liquid or supercritical fuel.
  • the first refueling path connects the inner tank 1 to the refueling line 8 of the tank-side refueling coupling 6 and the second refueling path connects the inner tank 1 to the gas return line 13 of the tank-side refueling coupling 6.
  • the extraction path comprises a first extraction path for the extraction of gaseous or supercritical fuel via the pipe rupture protection device 17 and optionally a filling and extraction check valve 22 and a second extraction path for the extraction of liquid or supercritical fuel via the unlockable extraction check valve 19 or via the throttle 23 or the extraction check valve 24 as a replacement for the unlockable extraction check valve 19.
  • the first extraction path and the second extraction path are arranged in parallel in terms of flow, since the first extraction path and the second extraction path connect the inner tank 1 to the extraction line 18.
  • the fuel in the inner tank 1 can be in the supercritical aggregate state or in the liquid and gaseous aggregate state after refueling or during removal, so that during removal, depending on the closing pressure of the pipe rupture protection device 17 via the first removal path, i.e. by removing via the pipe rupture safety device 17, fuel is removed in the supercritical or gaseous state and when removing via the second removal path, i.e. by removing via the unlockable removal check valve 19 or via the throttle 23 or the removal check valve 24, fuel is removed in the supercritical or liquid state.
  • the closing pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17, i.e. the withdrawal quantity at different gas densities and thus the withdrawal quantity at different pressures in the inner tank 1, is set via the force of the opening spring in the pipe rupture safety device 17, which holds the closing body open against the closing pressure as a result of the pressure drop during flow.
  • the switching pressure of the pipe rupture safety device 17 depends on the operating mode, in particular on the withdrawal dynamics. If there are large changes in the withdrawal flow, in particular with a higher frequency, during operation or if mainly large quantities are withdrawn, the switching pressure is also set higher in order not to fall below a lower pressure level. If there are no large changes in the withdrawal flow during operation or if mainly small quantities are withdrawn, the switching pressure is also set lower in order to enable longer-term withdrawal from the gas phase.
  • the diameter of the bypass bore of the pipe rupture protection device 17 is used to set the withdrawal quantity for reopening the pipe rupture protection device 17 after the pipe rupture protection device 17 has been closed.
  • the refueling check valve 7 opens the releasable return gas check valve 12 during refueling due to a mechanical coupling between the closing body of the refueling check valve 7 and the closing body of the releasable return gas check valve 12 by the movement of the closing body in the refueling check valve 7 from the closed position to the open position, optionally the releasable return gas check valve 12 opens due to the pressure difference between the inlet or the outlet of the refueling check valve 7 and the inlet or the outlet of the return gas check valve 12.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 opens the releasable extraction check valve 19 during extraction due to a mechanical coupling between the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 and the closing body of the releasable extraction check valve 19 by the movement of the closing body in the pipe rupture protection device 17 from the open position to the closed position, optionally the unlockable extraction check valve 19 due to the pressure difference between the extraction line 18 and the return gas and refueling line 16 or the filling and extraction line 11 .
  • the throttle 23 is an independent component, a constriction or an inlet bore in the filling and removal line 11, the inlet-side end of the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 in the form of a slide valve or the inlet-side end of the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 as a slide valve.
  • the releasable extraction check valve 19 is an independent component; optionally, a surface of the pipe rupture protection device 17, in particular a cylindrical outer surface or the rear side of the pipe rupture protection device 17 opposite the sealing surface forms the releasable extraction check valve 19.
  • the extraction check valve 24 is an independent component, 11, the inlet-side end of the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 in the form of a slide valve or the inlet-side end of the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17 as a slide valve, wherein in the case of a two-part closing body, a compression spring can be arranged between the two parts.
  • the refueling check valve 7, the unlockable return gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture protection device 17, the unlockable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23 and the filling and extraction check valve 22 are arranged on the inner tank-side end of the filler neck 5 or on the tank-side refueling coupling 6 and are accessible after removing the tank-side refueling coupling 6.
  • the refueling check valve 7, the unlockable return gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture protection device 17, the unlockable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23 and the filling and extraction check valve 22 are arranged in a space connected to the filler neck 5 in the refueling direction after the inner tank-side end of the filler neck 5 and after removing the vehicle-side refueling coupling 6.
  • the extraction check valve 22 is arranged in a separate, heat-insulated tubular part which is connected to the outer tank and is accessible via the tubular part.
  • the refueling check valve 7, the releasable return gas check valve 12, the pipe rupture protection device 17, the releasable extraction check valve 19 or the throttle 23 and the filling and extraction check valve 22 are optionally arranged in the insulation space 3 or in the inner tank 1.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and/or the releasable return gas check valve 12 and/or the pipe rupture protection device 17 and/or the unlockable removal check valve 19 and/or the throttle 23 and/or the filling and removal check valve 22 are arranged at separate positions in the cryogenic tank 100.
  • the refueling and removal of liquid or supercritical fuel takes place via the common refueling and removal line 11.
  • the refueling and removal of liquid or supercritical fuel takes place via separate lines.
  • the return of gaseous fuel during refueling and the removal of gaseous or supercritical fuel take place via the common refueling and removal line 16.
  • the return of gaseous fuel during refueling and the removal of gaseous or supercritical fuel take place via separate lines.
  • the filling and removal line 11 ends in the liquid space 10 of the inner tank 1.
  • the filling and removal line 11 ends in the gas space 16 of the inner tank 1, wherein the removal of liquid or supercritical fuel from the liquid space 10 takes place through a hole as deep as possible in the filling and removal line 11 with a smaller flow area than the flow area of the filling and removal line 11.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is arranged after the heat exchanger 20, optionally the shut-off valve 21 is arranged before the heat exchanger 20, preferably in the area of the cryogenic valves.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is arranged on or in the immediate vicinity of the cryogenic tank 100; optionally, the shut-off valve 21 is part of the consumer.
  • a pressure regulator can be arranged in the extraction path.
  • a pipe rupture protection device can be arranged optionally in the extraction path in the extraction direction before or after the heat exchanger.
  • the shut-off valve 21 is an electromagnetically operated valve; the opening process of the shut-off valve 21 can be carried out either by any actuator or manually.
  • the heat exchanger 20 and/or the shut-off valve 21 are arranged outside the vacuum-insulated space 3; optionally, the heat exchanger 20 and/or the shut-off valve 21 are arranged inside the vacuum-insulated space 3.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 is a seat valve, optionally the pipe rupture protection device 17 is a slide valve.
  • the pilot-operated extraction check valve 19 is a seat valve; optionally, the pilot-operated extraction check valve 19 is a slide valve.
  • the filling and removal check valve 22 is a seat valve, optionally the filling and removal check valve 22 is a slide valve.
  • the extraction check valve 24 is a seat valve, optionally the extraction check valve 24 is a slide valve.
  • the refueling check valve 7 is a seat valve.
  • the pilot-operated return gas check valve 12 is a seat valve.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17, when opened, allows a flow in the direction of the inner tank 1; optionally, the pipe rupture protection device 17, when opened, closes the return gas and extraction line 16 to the inner tank and prevents or limits a backflow.
  • only gaseous or supercritical fuel is removed before switching, i.e. before the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, and only liquid or supercritical fuel is removed after switching, i.e. when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed.
  • mainly gaseous or supercritical fuel is removed before switching, i.e. before the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed, and mainly liquid or supercritical fuel is removed after switching, i.e. when the pipe rupture safety device 17 is closed.
  • the switchover from gas extraction to liquid extraction is carried out automatically by the pipe rupture safety device 17 due to a pressure difference generated when the flow passes through the pipe rupture safety device 17, which moves the closing body of the pipe rupture safety device 17 from the open position to the closed position against the force of the opening spring of the pipe rupture safety device 17.
  • the switchover from gas extraction to liquid extraction is carried out by a short-term increase in the extraction quantity initiated by a control unit above the extraction quantity that triggers the closing of the pipe rupture safety device 17 at the respective pressure in the inner tank 1. The switchover initiated by the control unit is necessary if no switchover takes place over a longer period of time due to a low mass flow and there is therefore a risk that the pressure in the inner tank 1 will fall below a critical level.
  • the resetting ie the reopening of the pipe rupture protection device 17 takes place through the bypass hole inside the pipe rupture protection device 17, optionally the resetting of the pipe rupture protection device 17 does not take place through an external bypass hole or through a defined leak in the closing body of the pipe rupture protection device 17.
  • no bypass hole is provided and the resetting takes place through a pressure increase in the Extraction line 18, e.g. due to a leaky pilot-operated filling and extraction check valve 19 or due to a leaky extraction check valve 24 or through the throttle 23.
  • each switching component is designed as an independent component with a defined function; optionally, one component fulfils several functions, such as the throttle check valve.
  • cryogenic switching elements from Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 are combined in a manageable assembly, such as a valve block; optionally, the cryogenic switching elements from Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 are combined to form individual assemblies or installed individually.
  • valve block with the cryogenic switching elements from Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 is screwed to the filler neck 5, optionally the valve block with the cryogenic switching elements from Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6 is screwed to the vehicle-side refueling coupling or clamped between the filler neck 5 and the tank-side refueling coupling 6.
  • the first and second removal paths are used for filling and removal, optionally parts of the first and second removal paths are used for filling, for removal, for maintaining the inner tank pressure and/or for limiting the inner tank pressure.
  • cryogenic hydrogen or cryogenic natural gas is stored in the cryotank 100; alternatively, any cryogenic medium can be stored in the cryotank.
  • the Cryotank 100 is used in a mobile application, optionally the Cryotank 100 is used in a stationary application.
  • the filler neck 5 and the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 are independent components, optionally the filler neck 5 and the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 are designed as one piece, i.e. the filler neck 5 contains all the switching components of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6.
  • the filler neck 5 and the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 are independent components and the filler neck 5 contains all or some of the switching components of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6.
  • the refueling check valve 7 opens during refueling due to the pressure difference between the inlet or the outlet of the refueling check valve 7, optionally the refueling check valve 7 opens during refueling due to a mechanical coupling between the closing body of the refueling check valve 7 and the closing body of a valve of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 through the Movement of the closing body of a valve of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 from the closed position to the open position, wherein the closing body of a valve of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 is preferably the closing body of a check valve.
  • the refueling check valve 7 opens during refueling by a movable part of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 and/or by a movable part of the refueling station-side refueling coupling 6
  • the releasable return gas check valve 12 opens during refueling due to a mechanical coupling between the closing body of the refueling check valve 7 and the closing body of the releasable return gas check valve 12 by the movement of the closing body in the refueling check valve 7 from the closed position to the open position
  • the releasable return gas check valve 12 opens during refueling due to a mechanical coupling between the closing body of the releasable return gas check valve 12 and the closing body of a valve of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 by the movement of the closing body of a valve of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 from the closed position to the open position
  • the closing body of a valve of the cryogenic tank-side refueling coupling 6 is preferably the closing body of a check valve.
  • the unlockable return gas check valve 12 opens during refueling through a movable part of the refueling coupling 6 on the cryogenic tank side and/or through a movable part of the refueling coupling 6 on the filling station side.
  • the refueling check valve 7 opens first and then the unlockable return gas check valve 12 opens.
  • the unlockable return gas check valve 12 opens first and then the refueling check valve 7 opens.
  • the refueling check valve 7 and the unlockable return gas check valve 12 open simultaneously.
  • the pilot-operated return gas check valve 12 is arranged coaxially to the refueling check valve 7; optionally, the pilot-operated return gas check valve 12 is arranged in any position relative to the refueling check valve 7.
  • the pipe rupture protection device 17 is arranged coaxially to the refueling check valve 7 and/or coaxially to the releasable return gas check valve 12; optionally, the pipe rupture protection device 17 is arranged in any position relative to the refueling check valve 7 and/or in any position relative to the releasable return gas check valve 12.
  • the pilot operated return gas check valve 19 is coaxial with the pilot operated return gas check valve 19
  • Refueling check valve 7 and/or coaxial to the pilot-operated return gas check valve 12 and/or coaxial with the pipe rupture protection device 17 optionally the pilot-operated return gas check valve 19 is arranged in any position relative to the refueling check valve 7 and/or in any position relative to the pilot-operated return gas check valve 12 and/or in any position relative to the pipe rupture protection device 17.
  • the low-temperature range only includes switching elements without an actuating mechanism for controlling the filling and removal of fuel in the form of check valves, pilot-operated check valves, pipe rupture protection devices, throttles or a combination of these elements.
  • the switching elements in the low-temperature range for controlling refueling and removal are arranged exclusively in a space accessible via the filler neck and can be removed after removing the refueling coupling on the cryogenic tank side.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un réservoir cryogénique (100) ayant des soupapes cryogéniques (7, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24) sans actionneur pour acheminer le flux de carburant pendant le remplissage et pendant l'extraction dans différentes variantes de conception, la soupape de non-retour de remplissage (7) et la soupape de non-retour de gaz de retour (12), qui peuvent être déverrouillées et étant agencées selon les besoins parallèles au premier, et la soupape de non-retour de remplissage et d'extraction (22) qui est présente selon les besoins commandant l'opération d'extraction, et la soupape de non-retour d'extraction (24), disposée en parallèle, et la soupape de non-retour de remplissage et d'extraction (22), présentes selon les besoins, commandant l'opération d'extraction, et toutes les soupapes cryogéniques (7, 12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24) pouvant être retirées après l'extraction du couplage de remplissage côté réservoir cryogénique (6).
PCT/AT2023/060385 2022-12-01 2023-11-13 Réservoir cryogénique WO2024112986A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM86/2022 2022-12-01
ATGM86/2022U AT18133U1 (de) 2022-12-01 2022-12-01 Kryotank

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4104766A1 (de) 1991-02-15 1992-08-20 Linde Ag Betankungssystem fuer ein mit kryogenem wasserstoff betriebenes kraftfahrzeug
EP1801478A2 (fr) 2005-12-22 2007-06-27 Bayerische Motorenwerke Aktiengesellschaft Obturateur pour un réservoir à carburant cryogénique
DE102009012380A1 (de) 2008-03-14 2009-11-19 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Mehrphasenübertragungsventil für einen Flüssigwasserstofftank
DE102017004261A1 (de) * 2017-05-03 2018-11-08 Daimler Ag Gasventil
DE102020206689B3 (de) 2020-05-28 2021-08-19 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Kryogen-Speichersystem
CN216591036U (zh) * 2021-07-20 2022-05-24 阿尔戈股份有限公司 填充设备以及具有填充设备的储存容器

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4956975A (en) * 1989-08-17 1990-09-18 Gustafson Keith W Shutoff valve for cryogenic liquid storage tank
US5572875A (en) * 1994-04-28 1996-11-12 Minnesota Valley Engineering, Inc. Relief valve construction to minimize ignition hazard from cryogenic storage tanks containing volatile liquids
DE10005726A1 (de) * 2000-02-09 2001-08-16 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Absperren eines Speicherbehälters sowie Speicherbehältersystem
DE102019125184A1 (de) * 2019-09-19 2021-03-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Druckbehälter sowie Kraftfahrzeug

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4104766A1 (de) 1991-02-15 1992-08-20 Linde Ag Betankungssystem fuer ein mit kryogenem wasserstoff betriebenes kraftfahrzeug
EP1801478A2 (fr) 2005-12-22 2007-06-27 Bayerische Motorenwerke Aktiengesellschaft Obturateur pour un réservoir à carburant cryogénique
DE102009012380A1 (de) 2008-03-14 2009-11-19 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Mehrphasenübertragungsventil für einen Flüssigwasserstofftank
DE102017004261A1 (de) * 2017-05-03 2018-11-08 Daimler Ag Gasventil
DE102020206689B3 (de) 2020-05-28 2021-08-19 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg Kryogen-Speichersystem
CN216591036U (zh) * 2021-07-20 2022-05-24 阿尔戈股份有限公司 填充设备以及具有填充设备的储存容器

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AT526730A2 (de) 2024-06-15

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