WO2024108443A1 - 通信方法及装置 - Google Patents

通信方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024108443A1
WO2024108443A1 PCT/CN2022/133821 CN2022133821W WO2024108443A1 WO 2024108443 A1 WO2024108443 A1 WO 2024108443A1 CN 2022133821 W CN2022133821 W CN 2022133821W WO 2024108443 A1 WO2024108443 A1 WO 2024108443A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
time
data
information
moment
interval
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PCT/CN2022/133821
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董蕾
唐浩
张立清
马江镭
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/133821 priority Critical patent/WO2024108443A1/zh
Publication of WO2024108443A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024108443A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/015—High-definition television systems

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and device.
  • the above technologies have important application potentials in many aspects such as complex unknown environment modeling and learning, channel prediction, intelligent signal generation and processing, network status tracking and intelligent scheduling, channel and service perception and network optimization deployment. They are of great significance and value to the research on mobile communication technologies evolved after the fifth generation (5G) such as the sixth generation (6G).
  • 5G fifth generation
  • 6G sixth generation
  • the present application provides a communication method and apparatus for improving the real-time performance of data transmitted between devices.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: a first device may receive first information from a second device.
  • the first information may be used to determine a first time to generate first data and a second time to send the first data. Then, the first device may send the first data at the second time.
  • the second device can indicate the generation time and sending time of the data of the first device, thereby controlling the time of the data, and further improving the real-time performance of the data transmitted between the first device and the second device.
  • the time interval between the first moment and the first reference moment may be the first time interval
  • the time interval between the second moment and the first reference moment may be the second time interval.
  • the first reference moment is determined according to the first information.
  • the first reference time is the time at which the first information is received, or the first information includes the first reference time.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the first reference time.
  • the first time interval is included in the first information, or the first time interval is predefined; and/or the second time interval is included in the first information, or the second time interval is predefined.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the first time interval and the second time interval.
  • the first information may include: a first moment and/or a second moment.
  • This design can directly indicate the first moment and/or the second moment, and is easy to implement.
  • the first device may also receive fourth information from the second device, and the fourth information is used to indicate the size of the first data.
  • the second device can indicate the size of the first data of the first device, so as to obtain the first data that meets the needs of the second device.
  • the size of the first data can meet the needs of the AI model in the second device.
  • the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment.
  • the design indicates the generation moment and the sending moment of the data respectively through the fifth information and the sixth information, thereby reducing the overhead of each information and improving the success rate of each information transmission.
  • the fifth information is included in the first message
  • the sixth information is included in the second message
  • the time interval between the first moment and the second reference moment may be the third time interval
  • the time interval between the second moment and the third reference moment may be the fourth time interval.
  • the second reference moment is determined based on the fifth information
  • the third reference moment is determined based on the sixth information.
  • the second reference time is the time when the fifth information is received, or the fifth information includes the second reference time; and/or the third reference time is the time when the sixth information is received, or the sixth information includes the third reference time.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the second reference time and the third reference time.
  • the third time interval is included in the fifth information, or the third time interval is predefined; and/or the fourth time interval is included in the sixth information, or the fourth time interval is predefined.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the third time interval and the fourth time interval.
  • the fifth information includes the first moment
  • the sixth information includes the second moment. This design can directly indicate the first moment and/or the second moment, and is easy to implement.
  • the first information includes: information for determining a first time range and/or information for determining a second time range, the first time range being a time range for generating data, and the second time range being a time range for sending data.
  • the first moment belongs to the first time range
  • the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • the second device can set a first time range for generating data and a second time range for sending data for the first device. In this way, the first device can generate data within the first time range and send data within the second time range.
  • the second device can control the generation time and sending time of data by controlling the first time range and the second time range, thereby controlling the time elapsed by the data, and thus improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the first device when there are no resources for data transmission within the second time range, the first device may send a first request to the second device after generating the first data at the first moment.
  • the first request is used to request the second device to allocate resources for the first data.
  • the first device After receiving the seventh information from the second device, the first device may send the first data to the second device on the resources indicated by the seventh information.
  • the first device when there are no resources for data transmission within the second time range, the first device may promptly request resources for transmitting the first data, thereby ensuring the real-time nature of the first data.
  • the first device may also send first auxiliary information to the second device, and the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: the energy state of the first device, the sampling overhead of the first device, and the capacity of the computing resources of the first device.
  • the first device may send the first auxiliary information to the second device, so that the second device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of the data based on the first auxiliary information, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data transmitted between the first device and the second device.
  • the first device may preferentially reuse the logical channel corresponding to the first data according to the first information.
  • the first data may be data that requires freshness.
  • the first device may preferentially reuse the data that requires freshness, thereby ensuring the real-time performance of this part of the data.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: a first device can send second information to a second device, and send first data at a second moment.
  • the second information is used to indicate a first moment when the first device generates the first data.
  • the first device can send information indicating the time when the data is generated to the second device, so that the second device can process the data more reasonably according to the time when the data is generated.
  • the first device may also receive third information from the second device.
  • the third information is used to determine the second moment, and the second moment may be determined according to the first moment indicated by the second information.
  • the sending moment of data may be determined according to the generating moment of data, thereby controlling the elapsed time of data, thereby improving the real-time performance of data transmitted between the first device and the second device.
  • the first device may also send first auxiliary information to the second device, and the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: the energy state of the first device, the sampling overhead of the first device, and the capacity of the computing resources of the first device.
  • the first device may send the first auxiliary information to the second device, so that the second device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of the data based on the first auxiliary information, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data transmitted between the first device and the second device.
  • the first device may, based on the first information, preferentially reuse the logical channel corresponding to the first data.
  • the first data may be data that requires freshness.
  • the first device may preferentially reuse the data that requires freshness, thereby ensuring the real-time performance of this part of the data.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: a second device may send first information to a first device, the first information being used to determine a first time to generate first data and a second time to send the first data. Then, the second device may receive the first data from the first device.
  • the second device can indicate the generation time and sending time of the data of the first device, thereby controlling the time of the data, and further improving the real-time performance of the data transmitted between the first device and the second device.
  • the time interval between the first moment and the first reference moment is the first time interval
  • the time interval between the second moment and the first reference moment is the second time interval
  • the first reference moment is determined according to the first information.
  • the first reference time is the time when the first information is sent, or the first information includes the first reference time.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the first reference time.
  • the first time interval is included in the first information, or the first time interval is predefined; and/or the second time interval is included in the first information, or the second time interval is predefined.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the first time interval and the second time interval.
  • the first information includes: a first moment and/or a second moment.
  • This design can directly indicate the first moment and/or the second moment, and is easy to implement.
  • the second device may also send fourth information to the first device, and the fourth information is used to indicate the size of the first data.
  • the second device can indicate the size of the first data of the first device, so as to obtain the first data that meets the needs of the second device.
  • the size of the first data can meet the needs of the AI model in the second device.
  • the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment.
  • the design indicates the generation moment and the sending moment of the data respectively through the fifth information and the sixth information, thereby reducing the overhead of each information and improving the success rate of each information transmission.
  • the fifth information is included in the first message
  • the sixth information is included in the second message
  • the time interval between the first moment and the second reference moment is the third time interval
  • the time interval between the second moment and the third reference moment is the fourth time interval
  • the second reference moment is determined based on the fifth information
  • the third reference moment is determined based on the sixth information.
  • the second reference time is the time when the fifth information is received, or the fifth information includes the second reference time; and/or the third reference time is the time when the sixth information is received, or the sixth information includes the third reference time.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the second reference time and the third reference time.
  • the third time interval is included in the fifth information, or the third time interval is predefined; and/or the fourth time interval is included in the sixth information, or the fourth time interval is predefined.
  • the first device can flexibly and accurately determine the third time interval and the fourth time interval.
  • the fifth information includes the first moment
  • the sixth information includes the second moment. This design can directly indicate the first moment and/or the second moment, and is easy to implement.
  • the first information includes: information for determining a first time range and/or information for determining a second time range, the first time range being a time range for generating data, and the second time range being a time range for sending data.
  • the first moment belongs to the first time range
  • the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • the second device can set a first time range for generating data and a second time range for sending data for the first device. In this way, the first device can generate data within the first time range and send data within the second time range.
  • the second device can control the generation time and sending time of data by controlling the first time range and the second time range, thereby controlling the time elapsed by the data, and thus improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the second device when there are no resources for data transmission within the second time range, may receive a first request from the first device. The first request is used to request the second device to allocate resources for the first data. Then, the second device may receive the first data from the first device on the resource after sending the seventh information indicating the resource to the first device. With this design, when there are no resources for data transmission within the second time range, the first device may promptly request resources for transmitting the first data, thereby ensuring the real-time nature of the first data.
  • the second device may also receive first auxiliary information from the first device, and the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first time and/or the second time.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: the energy state of the first device, the sampling overhead of the first device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: a second device can receive second information and first data from a first device.
  • the second information is used to indicate a first moment when the first device generates the first data.
  • the first device can send information indicating the time when the data is generated to the second device, so that the second device can process the data more reasonably according to the time when the data is generated.
  • the second device may also send third information to the first device.
  • the third information is used to determine the second time to send the first data, and the second time may be determined according to the first time indicated by the second information.
  • the sending time of the data may be determined according to the generation time of the data, so that the time elapsed by the data can be controlled, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the second device may also receive first auxiliary information from the first device, and the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first time and/or the second time.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: the energy state of the first device, the sampling overhead of the first device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: a first device may receive second auxiliary information from a third device, and/or receive computing information from a second device.
  • the second auxiliary information may include at least one of the following: an energy state of the third device, a sampling overhead of the third device, a time when the third device generates data, and a capacity of computing resources of the third device.
  • the first device may generate first data at a first moment based on the second auxiliary information and/or the computing information, and send the first data to the second device at a second moment.
  • the third device may be a device for sending data to the second device.
  • the first device and the third device may both send data for training the AI model in the second device to the second device.
  • the first device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of the data based on the second auxiliary information and/or the calculation information of the second device, so that the data sent by the first device and the third device to the second device do not overlap as much as possible in the time domain, and the generation time of the first device matches the calculation capability of the second device, thereby controlling the time the data experiences, and further improving the real-time performance of the overall data in the system.
  • the first device may also receive eighth information from the second device.
  • the eighth information includes: information for indicating a second time range, where the second time range is a time range for sending the first data.
  • the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method.
  • the method includes: a second device may send calculation information to a first device, the calculation information is used to determine a first time when first data is generated. Then, the second device may receive the first data sent from the first device at the second time.
  • the second device can send the calculation information of the second device to the first device, so that the first device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of the data, so that the generation time of the first device matches the calculation capability of the second device, thereby controlling the time the data experiences, and further improving the real-time performance of the overall data in the system.
  • the second device may also send eighth information to the first device.
  • the eighth information includes: information indicating a second time range, where the second time range is a time range for sending data.
  • the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • the second device may provide the first device with a time range for sending data, so that the first device may reasonably determine the time at which the data is sent, thereby controlling the time that the data passes, and thus improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, comprising a unit for executing each step in any of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, comprising at least one processing element and at least one storage element, wherein the at least one storage element is used to store programs and data, and the at least one processing element is used to read and execute the programs and data stored in the storage element, so that the method provided in any one of the above aspects of the present application is implemented.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, comprising: a first device for executing the method provided in the first aspect, and a second device for executing the method provided in the third aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, comprising: a first device for executing the method provided in the second aspect, and a second device for executing the method provided in the fourth aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, comprising: a first device for executing the method provided in the fifth aspect, and a second device for executing the method provided in the sixth aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method provided in any of the above aspects.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method provided in any of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method provided in any of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which is used to read a computer program stored in a memory and execute a method provided in any of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, which includes a processor for supporting a computer device to implement the method provided in any of the above aspects.
  • the chip system also includes a memory, which is used to store the necessary programs and data of the computer device.
  • the chip system can be composed of a chip, or it can include a chip and other discrete devices.
  • FIG1 is an architecture diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2A is a schematic diagram of the relationship between data age (age of information, AOI) and time provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG2B is a schematic diagram of the relationship between data generation time and reception time provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2C is a schematic diagram showing another relationship between data generation time and receiving time provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2D is a schematic diagram of the time elapsed by training data provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2E is a flow chart of a logic channel (LC) multiplexing method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • LC logic channel
  • FIG2F is a flow chart of a method for performing LC multiplexing according to LC priority in an LC multiplexing method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG3 is a flow chart of a first communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of a second communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a buffer state report (BSR) provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • BSR buffer state report
  • FIG6 is a flow chart of a third communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG7 is a flow chart of a fourth communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a flow chart of a fifth communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG9 is a flow chart of a sixth communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10A is a schematic diagram of a first time range provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG10B is a schematic diagram of a second time range provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG11 is a flow chart of a seventh communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a flow chart of an eighth communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and device.
  • the method and device are based on the same technical concept. Since the method and device solve the problem in a similar principle, the implementation of the device and the method can refer to each other, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the number of nouns means “singular noun or plural noun", that is, “one or more”. "At least one” means one or more, and “plurality” means two or more. "And/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character “/” generally indicates that the previous and next associated objects are in an “or” relationship. "At least one of the following” or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of singular items or plural items.
  • the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the fourth generation (4th generation, 4G) communication system, such as the long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication system, and can also be applied to the fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) communication system, such as the 5G new radio (new radio, NR) communication system, or to various communication systems evolved after 5G, such as the 6G communication system.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to a Bluetooth system, a wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, Wifi) system, a long range radio (long range radio, LoRa) system or a vehicle networking system.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be applied to a satellite communication system, wherein the satellite communication system can be integrated with the above-mentioned communication system.
  • the communication system includes a network device 101 and a terminal device 102.
  • the apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the network device 101, or to the terminal device 102.
  • FIG1 only shows a possible communication system architecture to which the embodiment of the present application can be applied, and in other possible scenarios, other devices may also be included in the communication system architecture.
  • the network device 101 and the terminal device 102 can communicate with each other.
  • the terminal device 102 and the network device 101 can communicate via a wireless air interface.
  • different network devices 101 can communicate with each other via a wired manner.
  • different terminal devices 102 can communicate with each other via a direct communication interface.
  • the network device 101 is a node in a radio access network (RAN), which can also be called a base station, a RAN node (or device), or an access network (AN) node (or device).
  • RAN radio access network
  • AN access network node
  • some examples of network devices 101 are: a base station gNB/NR-NB in NR, a transmission reception point (TRP), an evolved Node B (eNB), a home base station (e.g., home evolved Node B, or home Node B, HNB), a base band unit (BBU), a Wifi access point (AP), a satellite device, a network device in a 5G communication system, or a network device in a communication system evolved after 5G.
  • TRP transmission reception point
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • HNB home base station
  • BBU base band unit
  • AP Wifi access point
  • satellite device a network device in a 5G communication system
  • 5G communication system or a network device in a
  • the network device 101 may also be other devices with network device functions.
  • the network device 101 may also be a device that functions as a base station in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle network communication, machine communication, or drone communication, or a network device in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication system (which may be deployed on a high-altitude platform, satellite, or high-altitude aircraft).
  • D2D device-to-device
  • NTN non-terrestrial network
  • the specific form of the network device 101 may be a macro base station for providing a macro cell, a micro base station for providing a pico cell, or a femto base station for providing a femto cell.
  • the network equipment may include a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU).
  • the network equipment may also include a radio unit (RU). Both the CU and the DU may implement some of the functions of the gNB. It is understood that the network equipment may be a CU node, a DU node, or a device including a CU node and a DU node.
  • the CU may be divided into the access network or the core network, and there is no limitation here.
  • network devices may communicate with each other via a backhaul link, which may be a wired backhaul link (eg, optical fiber, copper cable) or a wireless backhaul link (eg, microwave).
  • a backhaul link which may be a wired backhaul link (eg, optical fiber, copper cable) or a wireless backhaul link (eg, microwave).
  • the terminal device 102 which can also be called user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), wireless terminal, handheld device, client, etc., is a device that provides voice or data connectivity to users, and can also be an IoT device.
  • the terminal device includes a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc.
  • the terminal device can be: a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a mobile Internet device (MID), a mobile cellular phone, a cordless phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a customer-premises equipment (CPE), a smart point of sale (POS), a wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), a vehicle-mounted device (such as a car, a bicycle, an electric car, an airplane, a ship, a train, a high-speed rail, etc.), a virtual reality (VR), a wearable device (such as a smart watch, a smart bracelet, a pedometer, etc.), a vehicle-mounted device (such as a car, a bicycle, an electric car, an airplane, a ship, a train, a high-speed rail, etc.), a , VR) equipment, augmented reality (AR) equipment, wireless terminals in industrial control, smart home equipment (e.g., smart
  • a terminal device with wireless transceiver function and a chip that can be set in the terminal device are collectively referred to as a terminal device.
  • the terminal device can communicate with the corresponding base station through a wireless link.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is introduced by taking a terminal device and a network device as an example.
  • the network device in the present application is used to provide wireless access services for terminal devices.
  • each network device corresponds to a service coverage area, and the terminal device entering the area can communicate with the network device through wireless signals to receive the wireless access service provided by the network device.
  • AI technology can be divided into supervised learning, unsupervised learning and reinforcement learning according to the level of supervision.
  • Labeled training data means that each training instance includes input and expected output, that is, the mapping relationship between input data and output results is learned based on the input data and output results, and applied to unknown input to obtain the correct output.
  • Unsupervised learning also known as active learning or unsupervised learning, is a type of machine learning used to identify new patterns and detect anomalies. It infers conclusions from unlabeled training data, that is, the training data has no corresponding output results.
  • a typical unsupervised learning is cluster analysis, which can be used to discover hidden patterns or group data in the exploratory data analysis stage. It can also be said that the characteristics of unsupervised learning are: given data, find the hidden structure or features of the data.
  • supervised information and unsupervised learning can be used to train models (or AI models, machine training models, etc.) based on labeled data or unlabeled data, respectively. After the model is trained, the unknown candidate data is used to infer the model. If supervised learning results in excessive overhead based on labeled data, unsupervised learning can be used to reduce the number of labels and control the size of training data.
  • Reinforcement learning also known as reinforcement learning, is another field of machine learning. Reinforcement learning includes three elements: state, action, and reward. This learning method focuses on how to take actions in an environment to maximize a certain cumulative reward, such as learning how to choose a series of actions to maximize long-term benefits given the current state and current reward.
  • supervised learning and unsupervised learning can be applied to offline learning, that is, learning models offline based on a large amount of training data, and then using actual data for reasoning after the model learning is completed.
  • Reinforcement learning can be applied to online learning, that is, determining actions that can maximize long-term benefits based on the current state and benefits.
  • AOI is a time interval ⁇ (t), which can be defined as the time interval between the current time t and the generation time tn of the latest data packet received at the current time:
  • tn is the generation time (also called sampling time) of the nth data packet received
  • n is a positive integer
  • t′n is the reception time of the nth data packet
  • max ⁇ tn : t′n ⁇ t ⁇ represents the generation time of the latest data packet received before the current time t.
  • the AOI value When a data packet is not successfully received at a certain moment, the AOI value increases by 1; when a data packet is successfully received at a certain moment, the AOI value is the difference between the current moment and the moment when the data packet is generated. As shown in FIG2A , the horizontal axis is time and the vertical axis is the AOI value.
  • the AOI value at time t is tt 0
  • the line connecting the AOI value on the vertical axis at time t and t 0 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal axis. Therefore, the AOI value in Figure 2A is sawtooth-shaped, and only decreases when the data packet is successfully received, and increases at 45 degrees at other times.
  • the sum of AOI over a period of time can be expressed by the sum of the areas Qn of the trapezoids in Figure 2A, where Qn can be expressed as the area difference of the two triangles:
  • the average value of AOI (i.e., mean AOI) can be expressed by the expectation of Qn and the expectation of the packet generation interval Yn :
  • the average AOI can be determined by the data packet generation interval Yn and the data packet delay Tn .
  • Tn can be expressed as:
  • Sn is the service time of the nth data packet, i.e., the interval from the transmission of the nth data packet to its successful reception
  • Wn 0.
  • W n T n-1 -Y n .
  • the first data packet when the first data packet is generated, the 0th data packet has not been successfully received, that is, t 1 ⁇ t′ 0 . At this time, the first data packet needs to wait until the 0th data packet is successfully received before it can start transmitting.
  • Y n is negatively correlated with T n .
  • the larger Y n is , the larger the interval between the generation times of adjacent data packets is, the more idle the transmission queue of the data packets is, and the smaller the transmission delay T n of each data packet is.
  • the smaller Y n is , the smaller the interval between the generation times of adjacent data packets is, the more congested the transmission queue of the data packets is, and the larger the transmission delay T n of each data packet is.
  • the collection of training data and the training of AI models may not be performed on the same device.
  • the collection of training data may be completed by some data collectors (such as terminal devices) that are in an energy-saving state or have weak computing power.
  • the terminal device can send the training data to the network data, and the network device will train the AI model.
  • the time experienced by the training data may include:
  • Processing time During the processing time, the terminal device can generate data and encode and modulate the data.
  • Waiting time the waiting time of data in the queue. For details, please refer to W n above.
  • Transmission time the time it takes for data to be transmitted from a terminal device to a network device. During this transmission time, the terminal device can perform initial transmission and/or retransmission of the data.
  • Time 1 is the time the network device waits for training data from other terminal devices after receiving the training data of the terminal device.
  • the AI model in the network device may require training data from multiple terminal devices for training. For example, the AI model in the network device requires training data from terminal devices 1-4 for training. If the network device receives the training data from terminal device 1 but does not receive the training data from terminal devices 2-4, it is necessary to wait until the training data from terminal devices 2-4 is received before the AI model can be trained. At this time, time 1 is greater than 0. If the network device has received the training data from terminal devices 2-4 when receiving the training data from terminal device 1, time 1 may be equal to 0.
  • Time 2 is the computation time required for one iteration of the AI model, also known as computation time.
  • the processing time and time 2 can be determined by the size of the training data
  • the waiting time, transmission time and time 1 can be determined by the generation time and transmission time of the data.
  • a logical channel group may include multiple logical channels (LCs).
  • the parameters of each LC may be configured by the network device.
  • the configuration information of each LC includes parameters such as the index and priority of the LCG.
  • the network device may configure LCs with the same or similar priorities in one LCG.
  • the media access control (MAC) layer of the terminal device can multiplex the data corresponding to multiple LCs on the uplink resources, that is, LC multiplexing (also called MAC multiplexing).
  • LC multiplexing also called MAC multiplexing
  • the MAC layer can perform LC multiplexing according to the priorities of multiple LCs. The method of LC multiplexing is specifically described below in conjunction with Figure 2E.
  • S201 The MAC layer multiplexes data corresponding to multiple LCs on uplink resources in descending order of LC priority.
  • the MAC layer can multiplex the data corresponding to multiple LCs on the uplink resources through the token bucket algorithm.
  • the basic idea of this algorithm is to determine whether to reuse the data of a certain LC based on whether there are tokens in the token bucket and the number of tokens, and to control the amount of data of the LC assembled into the MAC protocol data unit (PDU).
  • PDU MAC protocol data unit
  • S201 may include:
  • S2011 The MAC layer determines whether the variable Bj of LCj is greater than 0. If Bj is greater than 0, S2012 is executed; if Bj is less than or equal to 0, S2014 is executed.
  • LCj is any LC among the multiple LCs.
  • Bj can be used to indicate the number of available tokens in the token bucket corresponding to LCj, and each token corresponds to 1 byte of data.
  • the maximum capacity of the token bucket corresponding to LCj is PBR ⁇ BSD.
  • PBR prioritized bit rate
  • BSD bucket size duration
  • the maximum capacity of the token bucket is the maximum amount of data that LCj can be pending (i.e. cached in the buffer).
  • PBR kilobytes per second
  • ms millisecond
  • S2012 The MAC layer multiplexes the service data unit (SDU) corresponding to LCj into the MAC PDU, and subtracts the number of tokens corresponding to Tsdu from Bj.
  • SDU service data unit
  • SDU is the basic unit of LC multiplexing
  • a MAC PDU can include multiple SDUs
  • Tsdu is the data volume of SDU. For example, when Tsdu is 8Byte, in S2012, Bj-8.
  • S2013 The MAC layer determines whether LCj satisfies PBR. If LCj satisfies PBR, S2014 is executed; if LCj does not satisfy PBR, S2011 is executed.
  • the first data amount is the total amount of data multiplexed into the SDU corresponding to LCj in the MAC PDU.
  • S2014 The MAC layer processes the next LC among the multiple LCs.
  • the next LC may be an LC whose priority is second only to LCj among the multiple LCs.
  • the processing method of the MAC layer for the next LC may refer to the processing method for LCj in S2011-S2013, which will not be repeated here.
  • S2014 is an optional step. For example, if LCj in S2011-S2013 is the LC with the lowest priority among the multiple LCs, then S2014 is an optional step.
  • the MAC layer may allocate the remaining resources to the multiple LCs according to the priorities of the multiple LCs.
  • the MAC layer may not consider Bj.
  • the data corresponding to the multiple LCs also include: data corresponding to LC1, and data corresponding to LC2. If the priority of LC1 is higher than the priority of LC2, the MAC layer maps all the data corresponding to LC1 to the remaining resources, and then maps the data corresponding to LC2 to the remaining resources.
  • the sending device and the receiving device are synchronized. Therefore, when the sending device sends information to the receiving device, the receiving time of the information is the same as the sending time, for example, the receiving time and the sending time of the information are both in the 4th time slot.
  • the unit of time may be seconds, milliseconds or microseconds, etc.
  • time p may refer to the pth second, the pth millisecond or the pth microsecond, etc.
  • the p in the time p may also be an index of a time unit.
  • a time unit may be one or more of a time slot, a mini-time slot, a frame, and a subframe.
  • the p in the time p may be the p-th time slot, or the p-th time slot in the o-th subframe.
  • the time p may be the start time, the end time, or a time in the middle of the p-th time unit. o and p are positive integers.
  • the first device, the second device, and the third device may be any of the following: a terminal device, a device in a terminal device, a device used in conjunction with a terminal device, a network device, a device in a network device, and a device used in conjunction with a network device.
  • the first device, the second device, and the third device are different devices.
  • the time of generating data may be the time when data generation starts, the time when data generation is completed, or a certain time in the process of generating data
  • the time of sending data may be the time when data sending starts, the time when data sending is completed, or a certain time in the process of sending data.
  • the collection of training data and the training of AI models may not be performed in one device; the collection of perception data and perception processing may not be performed in one device.
  • the terminal device reports the data to the network device, the network device uses the received data for processing, and the processing results of the data can be used to optimize the performance of the mobile network, etc.
  • the processing results of the data can be used to optimize the performance of the mobile network, etc.
  • online learning a large amount of real-time training data is required as the input of the model to obtain a model with higher accuracy. How to improve the real-time performance of data transmitted between devices is a technical problem to be solved by this application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1. Referring to the flowchart shown in Figure 3, the process of the method is specifically described below.
  • S301 The second device sends first information to the first device.
  • the first device receives the first information from the second device.
  • the first information can be carried in downlink control information (downlink control information, DCI), sidelink control information (sidelink control information, SCI) or radio resource control (radio resource control, RRC) signaling.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • SCI sidelink control information
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the first information can be used to determine a first time to generate the first data and a second time to send the first data.
  • the first data can be data used to train the AI model in the second device.
  • the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment, and the fifth information and the sixth information may be carried in the same message or in different messages.
  • Implementation method 1 the time interval between the first moment and the first reference moment is the first time interval, and the time interval between the second moment and the first reference moment is the second time interval.
  • the first reference time may be determined according to the first information.
  • the first reference time may be the time of receiving the first information.
  • the first device receives the first information at time T 1 , T 1 is the index of the time unit, then the first reference time may be the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the T 1th time unit, or the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the T 1 + ⁇ T 1th time unit, ⁇ T 1 may be predefined or preconfigured by the protocol, ⁇ T 1 may be a positive number or a negative number.
  • the first information includes the first reference time.
  • the first information includes a first field, the value of the first field is the index of the time unit, for example, the index of the second time unit, then the first reference time is the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the second time unit.
  • the first time interval may be included in the first information.
  • the first information includes a second field, and the value of the second field is 2, indicating 2 time units, and the first time interval is 2 time units.
  • the first time interval may also be predefined or preconfigured.
  • the second time interval may be included in the first information.
  • the first information includes a third field, and the value of the third field is 5, indicating 5 time units, and the second time interval is 5 time units.
  • the second time interval may also be predefined or preconfigured.
  • the second device can indicate the generation time and sending time of the data through one information, thereby reducing the overhead of indicating the generation time and sending time of the data.
  • the first information includes: the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first information includes a first time and a second time.
  • the first information may include a fourth field and a fifth field
  • the fourth field is used to indicate the first moment
  • the fifth field is used to indicate the second moment.
  • the value of the fourth field is the index of the time unit, for example, the index of the second time unit
  • the value of the fifth field is the index of the time unit, for example, the index of the fifth time unit
  • the first moment is the start moment, end moment, or a moment in the middle of the second time unit
  • the second moment is the start moment, end moment, or a moment in the middle of the fifth time unit.
  • the first information may include a sixth field, the sixth field may be a start and length indicator (SLIV), the starting position indicated by the SLIV may be the first moment, and the starting position and length indicated by the SLIV may be used to determine the second moment. For example, if the starting position indicated by the SLIV is the second time unit, and the length indicated by the SLIV is 3 time units, then the first moment is the starting moment, the ending moment, or a moment in the middle of the second time unit, and the second moment is the starting moment, the ending moment, or a moment in the middle of the fifth time unit.
  • SLIV start and length indicator
  • the first information includes the first moment.
  • the interval between the first moment and the second moment may be a predefined or preconfigured time interval.
  • the first device may determine the first moment according to the first information, and determine the second moment according to the first moment and the predefined or preconfigured time interval.
  • the specific content of the first information including the first moment can refer to the explanation of "the first information includes the first moment" in point 1.
  • the first information includes the second moment.
  • the interval between the first moment and the second moment may be a predefined or preconfigured time interval.
  • the first device may determine the second moment according to the first information, and determine the first moment according to the second moment and the predefined or preconfigured time interval.
  • the specific content of the first information including the second moment can refer to the description of "the first information includes the second moment" in point 1.
  • This second implementation provides a variety of methods for directly indicating the first moment and/or the second moment, which is easy to implement and relatively flexible.
  • Implementation method three the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment.
  • the time interval between the first moment and the second reference moment is the third time interval, and the time interval between the second moment and the third reference moment is the fourth time interval.
  • the second reference time may be determined according to the fifth information.
  • the second reference time may be the time of receiving the fifth information.
  • the first device receives the fifth information at time T 2 , T 2 is the index of the time unit, then the second reference time may be the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the T 2 th time unit, or the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the T 2 + ⁇ T 2 th time unit, ⁇ T 2 may be predefined or preconfigured by the protocol, ⁇ T 2 may be a positive number or a negative number.
  • the fifth information includes the second reference time.
  • the fifth information includes a seventh field, and the value of the seventh field is the index of the time unit, for example, the index of the second time unit, then the second reference time is the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the second time unit.
  • the third reference time may be determined based on the sixth information.
  • the third reference time may be the time of receiving the sixth information.
  • the first device receives the sixth information at time T 3 , T 3 is the index of the time unit, then the third reference time may be the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the T 3 th time unit, or the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the T 3 + ⁇ T 3 th time unit, ⁇ T 3 may be predefined or preconfigured by the protocol, ⁇ T 3 may be a positive number or a negative number.
  • the sixth information includes the third reference time.
  • the sixth information includes an eighth field, and the value of the eighth field is the index of the time unit, for example, the index of the third time unit, then the third reference time is the start time, end time or a certain time in the middle of the third time unit.
  • the third time interval may be included in the fifth information.
  • the fifth information includes a ninth field, and the value of the ninth field is 2, indicating 2 time units, and the third time interval is 2 time units.
  • the third time interval may also be predefined or preconfigured.
  • the fourth time interval may be included in the sixth information.
  • the sixth information includes a tenth field, and the value of the tenth field is 4, indicating 4 time units, and the fourth time interval is 4 time units.
  • the fourth time interval may also be predefined or preconfigured.
  • This implementation method indicates the generation time and sending time of data respectively through the fifth information and the sixth information, thereby reducing the overhead of each information and improving the success rate of each information transmission.
  • the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment.
  • the fifth information includes the first moment
  • the sixth information includes the second moment.
  • the fifth information may include an eleventh field, the value of which is an index of a time unit, for example, an index of the second time unit.
  • the sixth information includes a twelfth field, the value of which is an index of a time unit, for example, an index of the fifth time unit.
  • the fifth information and the sixth information can directly indicate the first moment and the second moment respectively, which is easy to implement.
  • the second device can determine the data generation time and the data sending time for the first device. By controlling the data generation time and the data sending time, the second device can control the time elapsed by the data, thereby improving the real-time nature of the data.
  • the fifth information is included in the first message
  • the sixth information is included in the second message
  • the first message and the second message are DCI
  • the indexes of the first message and the second message are the same, so that the first device can associate the first data generated according to the first message with the second moment indicated by the second message.
  • the second message contains information for indicating the association between the first moment and the second moment.
  • the second message includes the first moment. In this way, the first device can associate the first data generated according to the first message with the second moment indicated by the second message.
  • the method can explicitly or implicitly indicate the association relationship between the first moment and the second moment through the association relationship between the first message and the second message. In this way, when there are multiple data to be transmitted in the first device, the first device can determine the transmission time of each data based on the association relationship.
  • the first information includes: information for determining a first time range and/or information for determining a second time range, the first time range is a time range for generating data, and the second time range is a time range for sending data.
  • the first moment belongs to the first time range, and the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • the first information includes information for determining a first time range and information for determining a second time range.
  • the first information may directly indicate the first time range, that is, the first information may include the first time range; the first information may also indirectly indicate the first time range, and the first information may include information that has a corresponding relationship with the first time range, and the information is information used to determine the first time range.
  • the first device and the second device include a corresponding relationship between multiple time ranges and multiple time range indexes, and the first information includes a time range index corresponding to the first time range.
  • the first information may directly indicate the second time range, that is, the first information may include the second time range; the first information may also indirectly indicate the second time range, and the first information may include information that has a corresponding relationship with the second time range, and the information is information used to determine the second time range.
  • the first device and the second device include a corresponding relationship between multiple time ranges and multiple time range indexes, and the first information includes a time range index corresponding to the second time range.
  • the information used to determine the first time range and the information used to determine the second time range may be carried in the same message or in different messages.
  • the first device may generate first data within a first time range and send the first data within a second time range.
  • the first information includes information for determining the first time range.
  • the second time range may be predefined or preconfigured.
  • the first device may generate the first data within a first time range. To balance the data generation time and the data transmission time, the first device may transmit the first data within a second time range according to the first time.
  • the first time range may be determined according to a predefined or preconfigured second time range.
  • the first device may generate the first data within the first time range and send the first data within the second time range.
  • the first information includes information for determining the second time range.
  • the first time range may be predefined or preconfigured.
  • the first device may select a second time for sending the first data within the second time range. To balance the data generation time and sending time, the first device may generate the first data within the first time range according to the second time.
  • the second time range may be determined based on a predefined or preconfigured first time range.
  • the first device may select a first moment for generating the first data from the first time range, and select a second moment for sending the first data from the second time range.
  • the second device may set a first time range for generating data and a second time range for sending data for the first device.
  • the first device may generate data within the first time range and send data within the second time range.
  • the second device may control the generation time and sending time of the data by controlling the first time range and the second time range, thereby controlling the time elapsed by the data, and thus improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • S302 The first device sends first data generated at the first moment at the second moment.
  • the first device may preferentially reuse the LC corresponding to the first data according to the first information.
  • the first device includes data that has a requirement for freshness and data that has no requirement for freshness.
  • the first device may determine that the first data corresponding to the first information is data that has a requirement for freshness according to the first information, and preferentially reuse the LC corresponding to the first data.
  • the data requiring freshness may include at least one of the following: data used to train the AI model in the second device, data used to determine the data transmission time according to the data generation time, and data related to the perception process.
  • the data related to the perception process may include data perceived by the terminal device, for example, information such as the speed, direction, and position of an object in the environment perceived by the terminal device, or channel information perceived by the terminal device.
  • the first device may first reuse the LCs corresponding to the data requiring freshness, and then perform LC multiplexing according to the priority of the LCs. This is described below in conjunction with steps H1-H3.
  • the first device reuses the LC corresponding to the data that requires freshness.
  • the first device may determine, based on the first information, that the first data corresponding to the first information is data requiring freshness. For example, if the first moment of generating the first data and/or the second moment of sending the first data is determined based on the first information, it indicates that the first data is data requiring freshness.
  • step H2 After step H1, the first device performs LC multiplexing on the remaining data according to the priority of the LC.
  • the multiplexing method can refer to step S201 and will not be described again here.
  • step H3 If after step H2, the available resources of the first device further include remaining resources, the first device may allocate the remaining resources to the LC corresponding to the data of the first device according to the priority of the LC.
  • the first device wants to send data corresponding to LC1-LC4.
  • the first data is data corresponding to LC2.
  • the first device may first multiplex LC2, and then perform LC multiplexing according to the priorities of LC1, LC3, and LC4.
  • the first device first multiplexes the LCs with priorities higher than the first priority threshold, and then multiplexes the LCs corresponding to the first data, and then the first device multiplexes other LCs. This is described below in conjunction with steps I1-I3.
  • the first device first multiplexes the LCs whose priorities are higher than the first priority threshold.
  • the multiplexing method can refer to step S201 and will not be described in detail here.
  • step I2 The first device reuses the LC corresponding to the data requiring freshness.
  • the specific content of step I2 can refer to step H1, which will not be repeated here.
  • step I3 If after step I2, the available resources of the first device still include remaining resources, the first device may reuse LCs whose priorities are lower than the first priority threshold.
  • the reuse method may refer to step S201 and will not be described in detail here.
  • step I4 If after step I3, the available resources of the first device further include remaining resources, the first device may allocate the remaining resources to the LC corresponding to the data of the first device according to the priority of the LC.
  • the first device wants to send data corresponding to LC1-LC4.
  • the first data is data corresponding to LC2.
  • the priorities of LC1 and LC3 are higher than the first priority threshold, and the priority of LC4 is higher than the priority of LC2.
  • the first device may first multiplex LC1 and LC3, then multiplex LC2, and then multiplex LC4.
  • the first device can give priority to reusing data that requires freshness, thereby ensuring the real-time transmission of this part of the data.
  • the first device may also determine the size of the first data in one of the following ways:
  • Implementation 1 The first device obtains the size of the first data from the second device.
  • the second device sends fourth information to the first device.
  • the first device receives the fourth information from the second device, where the fourth information is used to indicate the size of the first data.
  • the size of the training data required by the second device may also change. If the second device determines that the size of the training data required by the second device has changed, the second device may send fourth information to the first device, and the size of the first data indicated by the fourth information may be the size of the training data required by the second device.
  • the fourth information may directly or indirectly indicate the size of the first data.
  • the fourth information may include the size of the first data.
  • the fourth information may include information that corresponds to the size of the first data.
  • the fourth information and the first information may be carried in the same message or in different messages.
  • the second device can indicate the size of the first data to the first device, so that the first data that meets the requirements of the second device can be obtained.
  • the size of the first data can meet the requirements of the AI model in the second device.
  • the second device may send information indicating the size of the first data to the first device only when the parameters of the AI model change, without sending the information to the first device every time resources are scheduled, thereby reducing overhead.
  • Implementation method 2 The first device determines the size of the first data by itself.
  • the first device may send information indicating the size of the first data to the second device, so that the second device allocates resources for the first data according to the size of the first data. For example, after generating the first data, the first device sends a BSR to the second device, and the BSR includes the size of the first data.
  • the method shown in FIG3 further includes steps A1-A2:
  • A1 After generating first data at a first moment, the first device sends a first request to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device receives the first request from the first device.
  • the first request may be used to request the second device to allocate resources for the first data.
  • the first request may be a one-bit flag (flag or identification) information. For example, when the identification information is 0 or 1, it indicates that there are no resources for data transmission within the second time range.
  • the first request may be carried in a BSR, a scheduling request (SR), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).
  • SR scheduling request
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • A2 The second device sends the seventh information to the first device.
  • the first device receives the seventh information from the second device.
  • the seventh information may be used to indicate the resources allocated by the second device for the first data.
  • the seventh information may be carried in DCI.
  • the first device may send the first data to the second device on the resources indicated by the seventh information.
  • the first device can promptly request the second device to allocate resources for the first data, so that the first data can be transmitted in time, thereby improving the real-time performance of the first data.
  • the method before S301, the method further includes steps B1-B2:
  • the first device sends first auxiliary information to the second device.
  • the second device receives the first auxiliary information from the first device.
  • the first auxiliary information can be used to determine the first time and/or the second time.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following:
  • Energy status of the first device for example, whether the first device is in an energy-saving state, whether the energy of the first device (for example, the remaining battery capacity of the first device) is greater than a first energy threshold, whether the energy of the first device is less than a second energy threshold, etc.
  • Sampling overhead of the first device for example, whether the sampling overhead of the first device is greater than a first overhead threshold, whether the sampling overhead of the first device is less than a second overhead threshold, etc.
  • the sampling overhead of the first device may be the resources required for the first device to collect information for generating data, for example, the sampling overhead of the first device may be the amount of electricity and/or power required for the first device to collect the information.
  • the first device may collect information and generate data at the same time, or may collect information and generate data at different times.
  • the sampling interval for collecting information is the same as the generation interval for generating data. Therefore, in the present application, the sampling interval and the generation interval are interchangeable.
  • the capacity of the computing resources of the first device for example, whether the capacity of the computing resources of the first device is greater than a first capacity threshold, whether the capacity of the computing resources of the first device is less than a second capacity threshold, etc.
  • the second device determines the first time and/or the second time according to the first auxiliary information.
  • the first device When the first device is in an energy-saving state or the energy of the first device is less than the second energy threshold, the first device may not be able to perform sampling at any time according to the needs of the second device, that is, it cannot generate data at any time.
  • the second device can determine a sampling interval greater than the first sampling interval threshold for the first device, and determine the first time to generate the first data accordingly.
  • the second device can determine a transmission interval greater than the first transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine the second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a sampling interval less than the second sampling interval threshold for the first device, and determine the first time to generate the first data accordingly. To balance the data generation time and transmission time, the second device may determine a transmission interval less than the second transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine the second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a sampling interval greater than the third sampling interval threshold for the first device, and determine the first time to generate the first data accordingly. In order to balance the data generation time and sending time, the second device may determine a transmission interval greater than the third transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine the second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a sampling interval less than the fourth sampling interval threshold for the first device, and determine the first time to generate the first data accordingly. In order to balance the data generation time and sending time, the second device may determine a transmission interval less than the fourth transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine the second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a sampling interval for the first device that is less than the eleventh sampling interval threshold, and determine the first time to generate the first data accordingly.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval for the first device that is less than the nineteenth transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the processing capability of the first device is weak and may not be able to perform sampling at any time according to the needs of the second device, that is, it is unable to generate data at any time.
  • the second device may determine a sampling interval greater than the twelfth sampling interval threshold for the first device, and determine the first time to generate the first data accordingly.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval greater than the twentieth transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine the second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of the data according to the first auxiliary information, thereby improving the real-time performance of data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides another communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1. Referring to the flowchart shown in Figure 4, the process of the method is specifically described below.
  • the first device sends second information to the second device.
  • the second device receives the second information from the first device.
  • the second information is used to indicate the first time when the first device generates the first data.
  • the second information may directly or indirectly indicate the first moment.
  • the second information includes the first moment.
  • the second information includes information that has a corresponding relationship with the first moment.
  • the first device may send a BSR containing the second information to the second device after generating the first data.
  • the BSR may include indexes of multiple LCGs or LCs.
  • Each LCG or LC corresponds to at least one of the following: a data type, a cache size (used to indicate the size of the data corresponding to the LCG or LC), and a data generation time (used to indicate the generation time of the data corresponding to the LCG or LC).
  • the BSR includes: LCG0-LCG3, and the data type, cache size, and data generation time corresponding to each LCG in LCG0-LCG3.
  • the BSR may only include information about the LCG or LC corresponding to the data that requires freshness.
  • the data generation time corresponding to each LCG or LC is the actual generation time of the data corresponding to the LCG or LC. For example, if the data corresponding to LCG0-LCG3 in FIG5 are all data that require freshness, then the data generation time corresponding to each LCG is the actual generation time of the data corresponding to the LCG.
  • the BSR may include data that has a requirement for freshness and data that has no requirement for freshness.
  • the data generation time of the LCG or LC corresponding to the data that has a requirement for freshness is the actual generation time of the data
  • the data generation time of the LCG or LC corresponding to the data that has no requirement for freshness can be set to a default value, such as all 0 or all 1.
  • the data generation time corresponding to LCG0 is the actual generation time of the data corresponding to LCG0
  • the data generation time corresponding to LCG1-LCG3 is the default value.
  • the second device sends third information to the first device.
  • the first device receives the third information from the second device.
  • the third information is used to determine a second time to send the first data, and the second time is determined according to the first time indicated by the second information.
  • the specific content of the third information used to determine the second time for sending the first data can refer to the content of the first information used to determine the second time in S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second moment is determined by the second device according to the first moment. That is, the second device determines the sending moment of the first data according to the generation moment of the first data. For example, when the second device determines that the sampling interval of the first device is greater than the ninth sampling interval threshold value according to the first moment, it can determine a transmission interval greater than the ninth transmission interval threshold value for the first device, and determine the second moment of sending the first data according to the transmission interval. For another example, when the second device determines that the sampling interval of the first device is less than the tenth sampling interval threshold value according to the first moment, it can determine a transmission interval less than the tenth transmission interval threshold value for the first device, and determine the second moment of sending the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • S402 is an optional step.
  • S403 The first device sends the first data generated at the first moment at the second moment.
  • S403 The specific content of S403 can be found in S302 and will not be repeated here.
  • the first device can send information indicating the time when data is generated to the second device, so that the second device can process the data more reasonably according to the time when the data is generated.
  • the second device can determine the sending time of the data according to the generation time of the data, so as to control the elapsed time of the data and thus improve the real-time performance of the data.
  • the method further includes steps C1-C2:
  • the first device sends first auxiliary information to the second device.
  • the second device receives the first auxiliary information from the first device.
  • the first auxiliary information can be used to determine the second time.
  • step C1 The specific content of step C1 can refer to step B1, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the second device determines the second time according to the first auxiliary information.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval greater than a fifth transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine a second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval less than a sixth transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine a second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval greater than a seventh transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine a second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval less than an eighth transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine a second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval for the first device that is less than the fifteenth transmission interval threshold, and determine a second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device may determine a transmission interval greater than the sixteenth transmission interval threshold for the first device, and determine a second time to send the first data according to the transmission interval.
  • the second device can reasonably determine the data sending time according to the first auxiliary information, thereby improving the real-time performance of data transmission.
  • the present application provides another communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1. Referring to the flowchart shown in Figure 6, the process of the method is described in detail.
  • the first device obtains second auxiliary information and/or calculation information of the second device.
  • S601 may include S601a and/or S601b:
  • the third device sends second auxiliary information to the first device.
  • the first device receives the second auxiliary information from the third device.
  • both the first device and the third device can send data to the second device.
  • both the first device and the third device can send data for training the AI model in the second device to the second device.
  • both the first device and the third device are terminal devices.
  • the first device is a first terminal device
  • the third device is a second terminal device.
  • the second terminal device may send the second auxiliary information to the first terminal device via a side link.
  • the second auxiliary information includes at least one of the following:
  • Energy status of the third device for example, whether the third device is in an energy-saving state, whether the energy of the third device (for example, the remaining battery capacity of the third device) is greater than a third energy threshold, whether the energy of the third device is less than a fourth energy threshold, etc.
  • Sampling overhead of the third device for example, whether the sampling overhead of the third device is greater than a third overhead threshold, whether the sampling of the third device is less than a fourth overhead threshold, etc.
  • the moment when the third device generates data for example, the moment when the third device generates data for training the AI model in the second device.
  • the capacity of the computing resources of the third device for example, whether the capacity of the computing resources of the third device is greater than a third capacity threshold, whether the capacity of the computing resources of the third device is less than a fourth capacity threshold, etc.
  • S601b The second device sends the calculation information of the second device to the first device.
  • the first device receives the calculation information from the second device.
  • the first device may be a terminal device
  • the second device may be a network device or another terminal device.
  • the computing information of the second device may be used to indicate the computing time required for data processing.
  • the computing time required for data processing may be the computing time required for the AI model in the second device to complete one iteration of training.
  • the computing information of the second device includes the computing time required for data processing; or, the computing information of the second device includes information that corresponds to the computing time required for data processing.
  • the calculation time indicated by the calculation information may be related to the size of the training data required for the AI model to complete one iteration. For example, when the training data of the AI model is provided by multiple terminal devices, the size of the training data is large and the required calculation time is long.
  • the first device generates first data at a first moment according to the second auxiliary information and/or calculation information.
  • the second auxiliary information includes the time when the third device generates data.
  • the first device may determine the frequency or interval at which the third device generates data according to the time when the third device generates data.
  • the first device may generate data at a frequency or interval different from that of the third device, thereby generating the first data at the first moment. In this way, the first device and the third device generate data at different frequencies or intervals, thereby ensuring that the second device can obtain fresh data from multiple devices.
  • the calculation duration indicated by the calculation information may be proportional to the sampling interval of the data. For example, when the calculation duration is greater than the first calculation duration threshold, the sampling interval of the data may be greater than the first interval threshold. If the first device generates data 1 at time T4 , the first device may determine the first moment when the interval with time T4 is greater than the first interval threshold. For another example, when the calculation duration is less than the second calculation duration threshold, the sampling interval of the data may be less than the second interval threshold. If the first device generates data 1 at time T4 , the first device may determine the first moment when the interval with time T4 is less than the second interval threshold. In this way, the generated data can be prevented from being congested in the data queue.
  • the first device may also determine the first time to generate the first data according to at least one of the following: channel state information of the first device and transmission resources of the first device. This will be described below.
  • the channel state information includes at least one of the following: channel quality indication (CQI), rank indication (RI), channel occupancy ratio (CR), channel busy ratio (CBR), and received signal strength indicator (RSSI).
  • CQI channel quality indication
  • RI rank indication
  • CR channel occupancy ratio
  • CBR channel busy ratio
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • the first device can determine that the sampling interval of the data is greater than the third interval threshold. If the first device generates data 1 at time T4 , the first device can determine the first time whose interval with time T4 is greater than the third interval threshold.
  • the first device may determine that the sampling interval of the data is less than the fourth interval threshold. If the first device generates data 1 at time T4 , the first device may determine the first moment whose interval with time T4 is less than the fourth interval threshold.
  • the transmission resource is related to the configuration of the frame structure. For example, if the uplink resource of the first device is less than the first resource threshold, the first device may determine that the sampling interval of the data is greater than the fifth interval threshold, and if the first device generates data 1 at time T4 , the first device may determine the first moment when the interval with time T4 is greater than the fifth interval threshold. For another example, if the uplink resource of the first device is greater than the second resource threshold, the first device may determine that the sampling interval of the data is less than the sixth interval threshold, and if the first device generates data 1 at time T4 , the first device may determine the first moment when the interval with time T4 is greater than the sixth interval threshold.
  • the data generation time can better match the transmission resources, so that it can match the data sending time, thereby reducing the time the data experiences and improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • S603 The first device sends first data to the second device at the second moment.
  • the method for the first device to determine the second moment can refer to the method for determining the second moment in implementation method five, and the repeated parts will not be repeated.
  • the first device may determine the second time according to the second auxiliary information, wherein the second auxiliary information may include one or more of the energy state, sampling overhead, and capacity of computing resources of the third device.
  • the third device when the third device is in a power-saving state or the energy of the third device is less than a fourth energy threshold, it means that the second device may not need to frequently receive data from the third device.
  • the first device can determine a transmission interval that is less than the eleventh transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data based on the transmission interval.
  • the first device can determine a transmission interval greater than the twelfth transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data based on the transmission interval.
  • the first device can determine a transmission interval that is less than the thirteenth transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data based on the transmission interval.
  • the sampling overhead of the third device is less than the fourth overhead threshold, it means that the second device may need to frequently receive data from the third device.
  • the first device can determine a transmission interval greater than the fourteenth transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data based on the transmission interval.
  • the first device can determine a transmission interval greater than the seventeenth transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data based on the transmission interval.
  • the first device can determine a transmission interval that is less than the eighteenth transmission interval threshold, and determine the second time to send the first data based on the transmission interval.
  • the first device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of data, thereby improving the real-time performance of data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in FIG1, and the method is a possible example of the method shown in FIG3.
  • the first device is a terminal device
  • the second device is a network device.
  • the process of the method is specifically described.
  • the network device can determine the transmission resource of the data
  • the terminal device can generate data at any time according to the instruction of the network device.
  • the terminal device sends first auxiliary information to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives the first auxiliary information.
  • S701 is an optional step.
  • the specific content of S701 can be referred to step B1, which will not be described in detail here.
  • DCI-1 is used to determine the time Ta of generating the first data and the time Tb of sending the first data, and the time Tb may be the time when the first data is initially sent (i.e., the initial transmission time of the first data).
  • the specific method of using DCI-1 to determine the time Ta can refer to the method of using the first information in S301 to determine the first time
  • the specific method of using DCI-1 to determine the time Tb can refer to the method of using the first information in S301 to determine the second time, which will not be repeated here.
  • the network device may send DCI-1 to the terminal device after determining the time Ta and the time Tb according to the first auxiliary information.
  • the way in which the network device determines the time Ta and the time Tb according to the first auxiliary information can refer to the way in which the second device determines the first time and the second time according to the first auxiliary information in step B2. No further details will be given here.
  • S703 The terminal device generates first data at time Ta .
  • the terminal device collects information used to generate the first data at time Ta , and generates the first data according to the information. In this case, collecting the information and generating the first data occur simultaneously.
  • the interval between collecting information and generating data is ⁇ T a
  • the terminal device collects information for generating first data at time Ta - ⁇ T a , and generates first data according to the information at time Ta .
  • ⁇ T a may be predefined or preconfigured by the protocol, and ⁇ T a may be a positive number.
  • the terminal device sends first data to the network device at time Tb .
  • S704 may refer to S302 and will not be repeated here.
  • DCI-3 is DCI for retransmission, which can be used to determine the time Tc for sending the first data, and the time Tc can be the time for resending the first data (i.e., the retransmission time of the first data).
  • the specific method of using DCI-R to determine the time Tc can refer to the method of using the first information in S301 to determine the second time, which will not be repeated here.
  • S706 The terminal device sends first data to the network device at time Tc .
  • S706 The specific content of S706 can be referred to S302 and will not be repeated here.
  • S705-S706 are optional steps.
  • the network device may train the AI model according to the first data.
  • the specific manner in which the network device trains the AI model is not limited in this application.
  • the network device can determine the generation time and the sending time of the data, thereby controlling the elapsed time of the data, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and the method is another possible example of the method shown in Figure 3.
  • the process of the method is specifically described by taking the first device as a terminal device and the second device as a network device as an example.
  • the network device can determine the transmission resource of the data, and the terminal device can generate data at any time according to the instruction of the network device.
  • the terminal device sends first auxiliary information to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives the first auxiliary information.
  • S801 is an optional step.
  • the specific content of S801 can refer to step S701, which will not be repeated here.
  • the network device sends DCI-1 to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the DCI-1.
  • the DCI-1 is used to determine the time Ta for generating the first data.
  • the specific method of using the DCI-1 to determine the time Ta can refer to the method of using the first information to determine the first time in S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • the network device may send DCI-1 to the terminal device after determining the time Ta according to the first auxiliary information.
  • the way in which the network device determines the time Ta according to the first auxiliary information can refer to the way in which the second device determines the first time according to the first auxiliary information in step B2. No further details will be given here.
  • S803 The terminal device generates first data at time Ta .
  • S804 The terminal device sends a BSR to the network device.
  • the BSR is used to request the network device to allocate resources for the first data.
  • the BSR includes the size of the first data.
  • S805 The network device sends DCI-2 to the terminal device.
  • the DCI-2 is used to determine the time T b for sending the first data.
  • the specific method of using the DCI-2 to determine the time T b can refer to the method of using the first information to determine the second time in S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • association relationship between DCI-1 and DCI-2 there is an association relationship between DCI-1 and DCI-2.
  • the association relationship between DCI-1 and DCI-2 can refer to the association relationship between the first message and the second message in S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device can determine the association relationship between the generation time and the sending time of each data accordingly.
  • DCI-2 includes information indicating resources allocated for the first data.
  • S806 The terminal device sends first data to the network device at time Tb .
  • S806 The specific content of S806 can be referred to S302 and will not be repeated here.
  • the network device may instruct the terminal device to retransmit the first data through S705-S706.
  • the network device may train the AI model according to the first data.
  • the specific manner in which the network device trains the AI model is not limited in this application.
  • the network device can determine the generation time and the sending time of the data, thereby controlling the elapsed time of the data, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and the method is another possible example of the method shown in Figure 3.
  • the first device is a terminal device and the second device is a network device as an example to specifically describe the process of the method.
  • the terminal device sends first auxiliary information to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives the first auxiliary information.
  • S901 is an optional step.
  • the specific content of S901 can refer to step S701, which will not be repeated here.
  • the network device sends first configuration information to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the first configuration information.
  • the first configuration information includes information for determining a first time range and information for determining a second time range.
  • the first time range is a time range for generating data
  • the second time range is a time range for sending data.
  • the specific contents of the information for determining the first time range and the information for determining the second time range can be referred to S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first configuration information may be information preconfigured by the network device for the terminal device.
  • the network device may preconfigure the time range for generating data and the time range for sending data for the terminal device.
  • S903 The terminal device generates first data at time Ta .
  • the time Ta belongs to the first time range.
  • the first time range is the range between two dotted lines in FIG10A , and the terminal device can generate data within the range.
  • the terminal device selects a time from the range as the time Ta .
  • S904 The terminal device sends first data at time T b .
  • the second time range is the range between two dotted lines in FIG10B , and if the network device configures a resource for transmitting the first data for the terminal device within the second time range, the terminal device may send the first data on the resource, and the time corresponding to the resource may be the time T b .
  • the terminal device may request the network device to allocate resources for the first data. For details, please refer to steps A1-A2 and will not be repeated here.
  • the network device may train the AI model according to the first data.
  • the specific manner in which the network device trains the AI model is not limited in this application.
  • the network device can set a first time range for generating data and a second time range for sending data for the terminal device.
  • the terminal device can generate data within the first time range and send data within the second time range.
  • the network device can control the generation time and sending time of the data by controlling the first time range and the second time range, thereby controlling the time elapsed by the data, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in FIG1 , and the method is a possible example of the method shown in FIG4 .
  • the process of the method is specifically described by taking the first device as a terminal device and the second device as a network device as an example.
  • the network device can determine the transmission resource of the data
  • the terminal device can determine the generation time of the data by itself or determine the generation time of the data according to the environment.
  • the terminal device sends first auxiliary information to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives the first auxiliary information.
  • S1101 is an optional step.
  • the specific content of S1101 can refer to step S701, which will not be repeated here.
  • the terminal device generates first data at time Ta .
  • the terminal device can determine the data generation time as time Ta by itself or determine the data generation time as time Ta according to the environment.
  • the training data is the temperature or humidity information in the environment.
  • the terminal device can automatically collect the training data through the sensor.
  • the terminal device can collect data at a set interval. Thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving.
  • S1103 The terminal device sends a BSR to the network device, and correspondingly, the network device receives the BSR.
  • the BSR may include second information, and the second information is used to indicate the time Ta when the first device generates the first data.
  • This application does not limit the execution order of S1101 and S1102-S1103.
  • S1104 The network device sends DCI-1 to the terminal device, and correspondingly, the terminal device receives the DCI-1.
  • the DCI-1 is used to determine the time T b for sending the first data.
  • the specific method of using the DCI-1 to determine the time T b can refer to the method of using the first information to determine the second time in S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • DCI-1 includes information for indicating the first moment, so that the terminal device can associate the sending moment of the first data with the generation moment.
  • the terminal device can determine the generation moment corresponding to each sending moment according to the instruction of the network device, so that each data can be sent at the correct moment.
  • S1105 The terminal device sends first data to the network device at time Tb .
  • S1105 The specific content of S1105 can be referred to S302 and will not be repeated here.
  • S1106 When the network device does not receive the first data at the initial transmission time or fails to decode the first data, the network device sends DCI-3 to the terminal device.
  • DCI-3 is used to determine the time T c for sending the first data.
  • the terminal device sends first data to the network device at time Tc .
  • S1106-S1107 the specific content of S1106-S1107 can be referred to S705-S706, which will not be repeated here.
  • S1106-S1107 are optional steps.
  • the network device may train the AI model according to the first data.
  • the specific manner in which the network device trains the AI model is not limited in this application.
  • the network device can determine the time at which the data is sent according to the time at which the data is generated, thereby controlling the time that the data passes, thereby improving the real-time performance of the data.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can be applied to the communication system shown in Figure 1, and the method is a possible example of the method shown in Figure 6.
  • the first device is a terminal device 1
  • the second device is a network device
  • the third device is a terminal device 2 as an example, and the process of the method is specifically described.
  • Terminal device 2 sends second auxiliary information to terminal device 1, and correspondingly, terminal device 1 receives the second auxiliary information.
  • S1201 The specific content of S1201 may refer to S601a and will not be repeated here.
  • the network device sends the calculation information of the network device to the terminal device 1, and correspondingly, the terminal device 1 receives the calculation information.
  • S1202 The specific content of S1202 may refer to S601b and will not be described again here.
  • This application does not limit the execution order of S1201 and S1202.
  • Terminal device 1 generates first data at time Ta .
  • the way in which the terminal device 1 determines the time Ta can refer to the way in which the first device determines the first time in S602, which will not be repeated here.
  • S1204 The network device sends second configuration information to terminal device 1, and correspondingly, terminal device 1 receives the second configuration information.
  • the second configuration information includes information for determining a second time range.
  • the second time range is a time range for sending data.
  • the specific content of the information for determining the second time range can be referred to S301, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second configuration information may be information preconfigured by the network device for the terminal device 1.
  • the network device may preconfigure a time range for sending data for the terminal device 1.
  • This application does not limit the execution order of S1201-S1203 and S1204.
  • Terminal device 1 sends first data at time Tb .
  • S1205 The specific content of S1205 can be found in S904 and will not be repeated here.
  • the network device may train the AI model according to the first data.
  • the specific manner in which the network device trains the AI model is not limited in this application.
  • the first device can reasonably determine the generation time and sending time of the data, thereby improving the real-time performance of data transmission.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device through Figure 13, which can be used to perform the functions of the relevant steps in the above method embodiments.
  • the functions can be implemented by hardware, or by software or hardware executing corresponding software implementations.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above functions.
  • the structure of the communication device is shown in Figure 13, including a communication unit 1301 and a processing unit 1302.
  • the communication device 1300 can be applied to a network device or a terminal device in the communication system shown in Figure 1, and can implement the communication method provided by the above embodiments of the present application and the examples.
  • the functions of each unit in the communication device 1300 are introduced below.
  • the communication unit 1301 is used to receive and send data.
  • the communication unit 1301 can be implemented by a transceiver, for example, a mobile communication module.
  • the mobile communication module may include at least one antenna, and may also include at least one filter, a switch, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier (LNA), etc.
  • the communication unit 1301 can also be implemented by an input and output interface.
  • the processing unit 1302 can be used to support the communication device 1300 to perform the processing actions in the above method embodiment.
  • the processing unit 1302 can be implemented by a processor.
  • the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a baseband processor, or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof.
  • the general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the first device shown in Figure 3, or to the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application shown in any one of Figures 7 to 9.
  • the specific functions of the processing unit 1302 in this implementation are introduced below.
  • the processing unit 1302 is used to: receive first information from the second device through the communication unit 1301, the first information is used to determine a first time to generate first data and a second time to send the first data; and send the first data at the second time through the communication unit 1301.
  • the time interval between the first moment and the first reference moment is the first time interval
  • the time interval between the second moment and the first reference moment is the second time interval
  • the first reference moment is determined based on the first information.
  • the first reference time is the time when the first information is received, or the first information includes the first reference time.
  • the first time interval is included in the first information, or the first time interval is predefined; and/or the second time interval is included in the first information, or the second time interval is predefined.
  • the first information includes: a first moment and/or a second moment.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: receive fourth information from the second device through the communication unit 1301, where the fourth information is used to indicate the size of the first data.
  • the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment.
  • the fifth information is included in the first message
  • the sixth information is included in the second message
  • the first information includes: information used to determine a first time range and/or information used to determine a second time range, the first time range is a time range for generating data, and the second time range is a time range for sending data; the first moment belongs to the first time range, and the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: send first auxiliary information to the second device through the communication unit 1301, where the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: an energy state of the first device, and a sampling overhead of the first device.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: preferentially multiplex a logical channel corresponding to the first data according to the first information.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the first device shown in Fig. 4, or to the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 11.
  • the specific functions of the processing unit 1302 in this implementation are introduced below.
  • the processing unit 1302 is configured to: send second information to the second device through the communication unit 1301, where the second information is used to indicate a first moment when the first device generates first data; and send the first data at the second moment through the communication unit 1301.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: receive third information from the second device through the communication unit 1301, the third information is used to determine a second moment, and the second moment is determined according to the first moment indicated by the second information.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: send first auxiliary information to the second device through the communication unit 1301, where the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: an energy state of the first device, and a sampling overhead of the first device.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: preferentially multiplex a logical channel corresponding to the first data according to the first information.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the second device shown in Figure 3, or to the network device in the embodiment of the present application shown in any one of Figures 7 to 9.
  • the specific functions of the processing unit 1302 in this embodiment are introduced below.
  • the processing unit 1302 is used to: send first information to the first device through the communication unit 1301, the first information is used to determine a first time to generate first data and a second time to send the first data; receive first data from the first device through the communication unit 1301.
  • the time interval between the first moment and the first reference moment is the first time interval
  • the time interval between the second moment and the first reference moment is the second time interval
  • the first reference moment is determined according to the first information
  • the first reference time is the time when the first information is sent, or the first information includes the first reference time.
  • the first time interval is included in the first information, or the first time interval is predefined; and/or the second time interval is included in the first information, or the second time interval is predefined.
  • the first information includes: a first moment and/or a second moment.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: send fourth information to the first device through the communication unit 1301, where the fourth information is used to indicate the size of the first data.
  • the first information includes fifth information for determining the first moment and sixth information for determining the second moment.
  • the fifth information is included in the first message
  • the sixth information is included in the second message
  • the first information includes: information used to determine a first time range and/or information used to determine a second time range, the first time range is a time range for generating data, and the second time range is a time range for sending data; the first moment belongs to the first time range, and the second moment belongs to the second time range.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: receive first auxiliary information from a first device through the communication unit 1301, where the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: an energy state of the first device, and a sampling overhead of the first device.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the second device shown in Fig. 4, or to the network device in the embodiment of the present application shown in Fig. 11.
  • the specific functions of the processing unit 1302 in this implementation are introduced below.
  • the processing unit 1302 is used to: receive second information from the first device through the communication unit 1301, where the second information is used to indicate a first moment when the first device generates first data; and receive first data from the first device through the communication unit 1301.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: send third information to the first device through the communication unit 1301, the third information is used to determine a second time for sending the first data, and the second time is determined according to the first time indicated by the second information.
  • the processing unit 1302 is specifically used to: receive first auxiliary information from a first device through the communication unit 1301, where the first auxiliary information is used to determine the first moment and/or the second moment.
  • the first auxiliary information includes at least one of the following: an energy state of the first device, and a sampling overhead of the first device.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into a processing unit, or may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or a processor (processor) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device as shown in Figure 14, which can be used to perform the relevant steps in the above method embodiment.
  • the communication device can be applied to the network device or terminal device in the communication system shown in Figure 1, and can implement the communication method provided by the above embodiment and example of the present application, and has the function of the communication device shown in Figure 13.
  • the communication device 1400 includes: a processor 1402.
  • the communication device 1400 also includes: a transceiver 1401 and a memory 1403. Among them, the transceiver 1401, the processor 1402 and the memory 1403 are interconnected.
  • the transceiver 1401, the processor 1402, and the memory 1403 are interconnected via a bus 1404.
  • the bus 1404 may be a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (EISA) bus.
  • PCI peripheral component interconnect
  • EISA extended industry standard architecture
  • the bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc.
  • FIG14 is represented by only one thick line, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the transceiver 1401 is used to receive and send data to realize communication interaction with other devices.
  • the transceiver 1401 can be realized by a physical interface, a communication module, a communication interface, and an input and output interface.
  • the processor 1402 may be used to support the communication device 1400 in executing the processing actions in the above method embodiment. When the communication device 1400 is used to implement the above method embodiment, the processor 1402 may also be used to implement the functions of the above processing unit 1302.
  • the processor 1402 may be a CPU, or other general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the first device shown in FIG3 , or to the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application shown in any one of FIG7 to FIG9 .
  • the processor 1402 is specifically configured to: receive first information from the second device through the transceiver 1401 , the first information being used to determine a first time to generate first data and a second time to send the first data; and send the first data through the transceiver 1401 at the second time.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the first device shown in FIG4, or to the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application shown in FIG11.
  • the processor 1402 is specifically configured to: send second information to the second device through the transceiver 1401, where the second information is used to indicate a first moment when the first device generates first data; and send the first data through the transceiver 1401 at the second moment.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the second device shown in Figure 3, or to the network device in the embodiment of the present application shown in any one of Figures 7 to 9.
  • the processor 1402 is specifically used to: send first information to the first device through the transceiver 1401, the first information is used to determine the first time to generate the first data and the second time to send the first data; receive the first data from the first device through the transceiver 1401.
  • the communication device 1300 is applied to the second device shown in FIG4, or to the network device in the embodiment of the present application shown in FIG11.
  • the processor 1402 is specifically configured to: receive second information from the first device through the transceiver 1401, where the second information is used to indicate a first moment when the first device generates first data; and receive first data from the first device through the transceiver 1401.
  • the specific functions of the processor 1402 can refer to the description of the communication method provided in the above embodiments and examples of the present application, as well as the specific functional description of the communication device 1300 in the embodiment of the present application shown in Figure 13, which will not be repeated here.
  • the memory 1403 is used to store program instructions and data, etc.
  • the program instructions may include program codes, and the program codes include computer operation instructions.
  • the memory 1403 may include RAM, and may also include non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.
  • the processor 1402 executes the program instructions stored in the memory 1403, and uses the data stored in the memory 1403 to implement the above functions, thereby realizing the communication method provided in the above embodiment of the present application.
  • the memory 1403 in FIG. 14 of the present application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories.
  • the non-volatile memory can be a ROM, a programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or a flash memory.
  • the volatile memory can be a RAM, which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM Direct Rambus RAM
  • SRAM Static RAM
  • DRAM Dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM Synchronous DRAM
  • DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM Enhanced SDRAM
  • SLDRAM Synchlink DRAM
  • DR RAM Direct Rambus RAM
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the methods provided in the above embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored.
  • the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method provided in the above embodiments.
  • the storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer.
  • a computer-readable medium may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which is used to read a computer program stored in a memory to implement the method provided in the above embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a chip system, which includes a processor for supporting a computer device to implement the functions involved in each device in the above embodiments.
  • the chip system also includes a memory, which is used to store the necessary programs and data for the computer device.
  • the chip system can be composed of a chip, or it can include a chip and other discrete devices.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a communication method and device, in which a second device sends first information to a first device, and the first information is used to determine a first time to generate first data and a second time to send the first data. Then, the first device can send the first data generated at the first time at the second time.
  • the second device indicates the generation time and sending time of the data of the first device, so that the time of the data can be controlled, and the real-time performance of data transmission can be improved.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种通信方法及装置。该方法包括：第二装置向第一装置发送第一信息，该第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻。然后，第一装置可在第二时刻发送在第一时刻生成的第一数据。通过该方法，第二装置指示第一装置数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可控制数据经历的时间，进而可提高数据传输的实时性。

Description

通信方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种通信方法及装置。
背景技术
随着人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)/机器学习(machine learning，ML)和终端感知等相关技术的不断发展，上述技术在复杂未知环境建模和学习、信道预测、智能信号生成与处理、网络状态跟踪与智能调度、信道和业务感知和网络优化部署等许多方面具有重要的应用潜力，对第六代(6th generation，6G)等第五代(5th generation，5G)之后演进的移动通信技术研究具有十分重要的意义和价值。
AI/ML技术和感知等相关技术中，训练数据的采集和AI模型的训练可能不在一个设备中进行。因此，设备之间需要传输训练数据。如何提高设备之间传输的数据的实时性，是本申请要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法及装置，用以提高设备之间传输的数据的实时性。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法。该方法包括：第一装置可接收来自第二装置的第一信息。其中，第一信息可用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻。然后，第一装置可在第二时刻，发送第一数据。
通过该方法，第二装置可指示第一装置数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可控制数据经历的时间，进而可提高第一装置和第二装置之间传输的数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔可为第一时间间隔，第二时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔可为第二时间间隔。第一参考时刻是根据第一信息确定的。通过该设计，第二装置可通过一个信息指示数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可降低指示数据生成时刻和发送时刻的开销。
在一种可能的设计中，第一参考时刻为第一信息的接收时刻，或者第一信息包括第一参考时刻。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第一参考时刻。
在一种可能的设计中，第一时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第一时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或第二时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第二时间间隔为预先定义的。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第一时间间隔和第二时间间隔。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息可包括：第一时刻和/或第二时刻。该设计可直接指示第一时刻和/或第二时刻，易于实现。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置还可接收来自第二装置的第四信息，第四信息用于指示第一数据的大小。通过该设计，第二装置可指示第一装置第一数据的大小，从而可获取到满足第二装置需求的第一数据。例如，第一数据的大小可满足第二装置中AI模型的需求。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息。该设计通过第五信息和第六信息分别指示数据的生成时刻和发送时刻， 从而可降低每个信息的开销，提高每个信息传输的成功率。
在一种可能的设计中，第五信息包括在第一消息中，第六信息包括在第二消息中，第一消息和第二消息之间存在关联关系。通过该设计，当第一装置与第二装置之间需要传输多个数据时，第一装置可根据该关联关系确定每个数据的生成时刻与发送时刻之间的关联关系，从而在正确的时刻发送各个数据。
在一种可能的设计中，第一时刻与第二参考时刻之间的时间间隔可为第三时间间隔，第二时刻与第三参考时刻之间的时间间隔可为第四时间间隔。其中，第二参考时刻是根据第五信息确定的，第三参考时刻是根据第六信息确定的。该设计提供了第五信息和第一时刻的关系，以及第六信息和第二时刻的关系，易于实现。通过该设计，第一装置可准确确定出第一时刻和第二时刻。
在一种可能的设计中，第二参考时刻为第五信息的接收时刻，或者第五信息包括第二参考时刻；和/或第三参考时刻为第六信息的接收时刻，或者第六信息包括第三参考时刻。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第二参考时刻和第三参考时刻。
在一种可能的设计中，第三时间间隔包括在第五信息中，或者第三时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或第四时间间隔包括在第六信息中，或者第四时间间隔为预先定义的。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第三时间间隔和第四时间间隔。
在一种可能的设计中，第五信息包括第一时刻，和/或，第六信息包括第二时刻。该设计可直接指示第一时刻和/或第二时刻，易于实现。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围。第一时刻属于第一时间范围，第二时刻属于第二时间范围。通过该设计，第二装置可为第一装置设置生成数据的第一时间范围和发送数据的第二时间范围。这样，第一装置可在第一时间范围内生成数据，在第二时间范围内发送数据。第二装置可通过控制第一时间范围和第二时间范围来控制数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，当第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源时，第一装置可在第一时刻生成第一数据后，向所述第二装置发送第一请求。其中，第一请求用于请求第二装置为第一数据分配资源。第一装置可在接收来自第二装置的第七信息后，在第七信息用于指示的资源上向第二装置发送第一数据。通过该设计，当第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源时，第一装置可及时请求用于传输第一数据的资源，从而保证第一数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置还可向第二装置发送第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销，第一装置的计算资源的容量。通过该设计，第一装置可向第二装置发送第一辅助信息，这样，第二装置可根据第一辅助信息合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高第一装置和第二装置之间传输的数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置可根据第一信息，优先复用第一数据对应的逻辑信道。其中，第一数据可为对新鲜度有需求的数据。通过该设计，第一装置可优先复用对新鲜度有需求的数据，从而可保证这部分数据的实时性。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法。该方法包括：第一装置可向第二装置发送第二信息，并在第二时刻，发送第一数据。其中，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻。
通过该方法，第一装置可向第二装置发送用于指示数据的生成时刻的信息，这样，第二装置可根据数据的生成时刻对数据进行更合理的处理。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置还可接收来自第二装置的第三信息。其中，第三信息用于确定第二时刻，第二时刻可根据第二信息指示的第一时刻确定。通过该设计，数据的发送时刻可根据数据的生成时刻来确定，从而可控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高第一装置和第二装置之间传输的数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置还可向第二装置发送第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销，第一装置的计算资源的容量。通过该设计，第一装置可向第二装置发送第一辅助信息，这样，第二装置可根据第一辅助信息合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高第一装置和第二装置之间传输的数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置可根据第一信息，优先复用第一数据对应的逻辑信道。其中，第一数据可为对新鲜度有需求的数据。通过该方法，第一装置可优先复用对新鲜度有需求的数据，从而可保证这部分数据的实时性。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法。该方法包括：第二装置可向第一装置发送第一信息，第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻。然后，第二装置可接收来自第一装置的第一数据。
通过该方法，第二装置可指示第一装置数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可控制数据经历的时间，进而可提高第一装置和第二装置之间传输的数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第一时间间隔，第二时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第二时间间隔，第一参考时刻是根据第一信息确定的。通过该设计，第二装置可通过一个信息指示数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可降低指示数据生成时刻和发送时刻的开销。
在一种可能的设计中，第一参考时刻为第一信息的发送时刻，或者第一信息包括第一参考时刻。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第一参考时刻。
在一种可能的设计中，第一时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第一时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或第二时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第二时间间隔为预先定义的。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第一时间间隔和第二时间间隔。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息包括：第一时刻和/或第二时刻。该设计可直接指示第一时刻和/或第二时刻，易于实现。
在一种可能的设计中，第二装置还可向第一装置发送第四信息，第四信息用于指示第一数据的大小。通过该设计，第二装置可指示第一装置第一数据的大小，从而可获取到满足第二装置需求的第一数据。例如，第一数据的大小可满足第二装置中AI模型的需求。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息。该设计通过第五信息和第六信息分别指示数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可降低每个信息的开销，提高每个信息传输的成功率。
在一种可能的设计中，第五信息包括在第一消息中，第六信息包括在第二消息中，第一消息和第二消息之间存在关联关系。通过该设计，当第一装置与第二装置之间需要传输多个数据时，第一装置可根据该关联关系确定每个数据的生成时刻与发送时刻之间的关联关系，从而在正确的时刻发送各个数据。
在一种可能的设计中，第一时刻与第二参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第三时间间隔，第二时刻与第三参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第四时间间隔，第二参考时刻是根据第五信息确定的，第三参考时刻是根据第六信息确定的。该设计提供了第五信息和第一时刻的关系，以及第六信息和第二时刻的关系，易于实现。通过该设计，第一装置可准确确定出第一时刻和第二时刻。
在一种可能的设计中，第二参考时刻为第五信息的接收时刻，或者第五信息包括第二参考时刻；和/或第三参考时刻为第六信息的接收时刻，或者第六信息包括第三参考时刻。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第二参考时刻和第三参考时刻。
在一种可能的设计中，第三时间间隔包括在第五信息中，或者第三时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或第四时间间隔包括在第六信息中，或者第四时间间隔为预先定义的。通过该设计，第一装置可灵活准确的确定第三时间间隔和第四时间间隔。
在一种可能的设计中，第五信息包括第一时刻，和/或，第六信息包括第二时刻。该设计可直接指示第一时刻和/或第二时刻，易于实现。
在一种可能的设计中，第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围。第一时刻属于第一时间范围，第二时刻属于第二时间范围。通过该设计，第二装置可为第一装置设置生成数据的第一时间范围和发送数据的第二时间范围。这样，第一装置可在第一时间范围内生成数据，在第二时间范围内发送数据。第二装置可通过控制第一时间范围和第二时间范围来控制数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，当第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源时，第二装置可接收来自第一装置的第一请求。其中，第一请求用于请求第二装置为第一数据分配资源。然后，第二装置可在向第一装置发送用于指示该资源的第七信息后，在资源上接收来自第一装置的第一数据。通过该设计，当第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源时，第一装置可及时请求用于传输第一数据的资源，从而保证第一数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第二装置还可接收来自第一装置的第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销。通过该设计，第二装置可根据第一辅助信息合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高数据的实时性。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法。该方法包括：第二装置可接收来自第一装置的第二信息和第一数据。其中，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻。
通过该方法，第一装置可向第二装置发送用于指示数据的生成时刻的信息，这样，第二装置可根据数据的生成时刻对数据进行更合理的处理。
在一种可能的设计中，第二装置还可向第一装置发送第三信息。其中，第三信息用于 确定发送第一数据的第二时刻，第二时刻可根据第二信息指示的第一时刻确定。通过该设计，数据的发送时刻可根据数据的生成时刻来确定，从而可控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第二装置还可接收来自第一装置的第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。可选的，在一种可能的设计中，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销。通过该设计，第二装置可根据第一辅助信息合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高数据的实时性。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法。该方法包括：第一装置可接收来自第三装置的第二辅助信息，和/或接收来自第二装置的计算信息。其中，第二辅助信息可包括以下至少一项：第三装置的能量状态，第三装置的采样开销，第三装置生成数据的时刻，第三装置的计算资源的容量。然后，第一装置可根据第二辅助信息和/或计算信息，在第一时刻生成第一数据，并在第二时刻向第二装置发送第一数据。
其中，第三装置可为用于向第二装置发送数据的设备。例如，第一装置和第三装置都可向第二装置发送用于训练第二装置中AI模型的数据。
通过该方法，第一装置可根据第二辅助信息和/或第二装置的计算信息，合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，使得第一装置和第三装置发送给第二装置的数据在时域上尽量不重叠，且第一装置的生成时刻与第二装置的计算能力相匹配，从而控制数据经历的时间，进而提高系统中整体数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第一装置还可接收来自第二装置的第八信息。其中，第八信息包括：用于指示第二时间范围的信息，第二时间范围为用于发送第一数据的时间范围。第二时刻属于第二时间范围。通过该设计，第一装置可根据第八信息合理确定数据的发送时刻，从而控制数据经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法。该方法包括：第二装置可向第一装置发送计算信息，计算信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。然后，第二装置可接收来自第一装置在第二时刻发送的第一数据。
通过该方法，第二装置可向第一装置发送第二装置的计算信息，这样，第一装置可合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，使得第一装置的生成时刻与第二装置的计算能力相匹配，从而控制数据经历的时间，进而提高系统中整体数据的实时性。
在一种可能的设计中，第二装置还可向第一装置发送第八信息。其中，第八信息包括：用于指示第二时间范围的信息，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围。第二时刻属于第二时间范围。通过该设计，第二装置可向第一装置提供用于发送数据的时间范围，这样，第一装置可合理确定数据的发送时刻，从而控制数据经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，包括用于执行以上任一方面中各个步骤的单元。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，包括至少一个处理元件和至少一个存储元件，其中该至少一个存储元件用于存储程序和数据，该至少一个处理元件用于读取并执行存储元件存储的程序和数据，以使得本申请以上任一方面提供的方法被实现。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括：用于执行第一方面提供的方法 的第一装置，用于执行第三方面提供的方法的第二装置。
第十方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括：用于执行第二方面提供的方法的第一装置，用于执行第四方面提供的方法的第二装置。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括：用于执行第五方面提供的方法的第一装置，用于执行第六方面提供的方法的第二装置。
第十二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行上述任一方面提供的方法。
第十三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行上述任一方面提供的方法。
第十四方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序被计算机执行时，使得所述计算机执行上述任一方面提供的方法。
第十五方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片，所述芯片用于读取存储器中存储的计算机程序，执行上述任一方面提供的方法。
第十六方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，用于支持计算机装置实现上述任一方面提供的方法。在一种可能的设计中，所述芯片系统还包括存储器，所述存储器用于保存该计算机装置必要的程序和数据。该芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件。
上述第七方面至第十六方面中任一方面可以达到的技术效果可以参照上述第一方面至第四方面中任一方面中任一种可能设计可以达到的技术效果说明，重复之处不予论述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的架构图；
图2A为本申请实施例提供的数据年龄(age of information，AOI)与时间的关系示意图；
图2B为本申请实施例提供的一种数据生成时刻和接收时刻的关系示意图；
图2C为本申请实施例提供的另一种数据生成时刻和接收时刻的关系示意图；
图2D为本申请实施例提供的训练数据经历的时间的示意图；
图2E为本申请实施例提供的一种逻辑信道(logic channel，LC)复用方法的流程图；
图2F为本申请实施例提供的一种LC复用方法中根据LC优先级进行LC复用的方法的流程图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的第一种通信方法的流程图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的第二种通信方法的流程图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种缓存状态报告(buffer state report，BSR)的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的第三种通信方法的流程图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的第四种通信方法的流程图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的第五种通信方法的流程图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的第六种通信方法的流程图；
图10A为本申请实施例提供的第一时间范围的示意图；
图10B为本申请实施例提供的第二时间范围的示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的第七种通信方法的流程图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的第八种通信方法的流程图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的结构图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的另一种通信装置的结构图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种通信方法及装置。其中，方法和装置是基于同一技术构思的，由于方法及装置解决问题的原理相似，因此装置与方法的实施可以相互参见，重复之处不再赘述。
本申请实施例的描述中，对于名词的数目，除非特别说明，表示“单数名词或复数名词”，即“一个或多个”。“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项(个)中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。
另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
本申请实施例提供的通信方法可以应用于第四代(4th generation，4G)通信系统，例如长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信系统，也可以应用于第五代(5th generation，5G)通信系统，例如5G新空口(new radio，NR)通信系统，或应用于5G之后演进的各种通信系统，例如6G通信系统。本申请实施例提供的方法还可以应用于蓝牙系统、无线保真(wireless fidelity，Wifi)系统、远距离无线电(long range radio，LoRa)系统或车联网系统中。本申请实施例提供的方法还可以应用于卫星通信系统，其中，所述卫星通信系统可以与上述通信系统相融合。
为了便于理解本申请实施例，以图1所示的通信系统架构为例对本申请适用的应用场景进行说明。参阅图1所示，通信系统包括网络设备101和终端设备102。本申请实施例提供的装置可以应用到网络设备101，或者应用到终端设备102。可以理解的是，图1仅示出了本申请实施例可以应用的一种可能的通信系统架构，在其他可能的场景中，通信系统架构中也可以包括其他设备。
可选的，基于图1所示的架构，网络设备101和终端设备102之间、不同的网络设备101之间、以及不同的终端设备102之间可以进行通信。例如，终端设备102与网络设备101之间可通过无线空口进行通信。又如，不同的网络设备101之间可通过有线方式进行通信。又如，不同的终端设备102之间可通过直连通信接口进行通信。
网络设备101为无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)中的节点，又可以称为基站、RAN节点(或设备)或接入网(access network，AN)节点(或设备)。目前，一些网络设备101的举例为：NR中的基站gNB/NR-NB，传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)，演进型节点B(evolved Node B，eNB)，家庭基站(例如，home evolved NodeB，或home Node B，HNB)，基带单元(base band unit，BBU)，Wifi接入点(access point，AP)，卫星设备，5G通信系统中的网络设备，或者5G之后演进的通信系统中的网络设备。
网络设备101还可以是其他具有网络设备功能的设备。例如，网络设备101还可以是设备到设备(device to device，D2D)通信、车联网通信、机器通信或无人机通信中担任基站功能的设备，或者非陆地通信网络(non-terrestrial network，NTN)通信系统中的网络设备(可以部署于高空平台、卫星或高空飞机)。网络设备101的具体形态可能是用于提供宏蜂窝(macro cell)的宏基站、用于提供微蜂窝(pico cell)的微基站或用于提供毫微微蜂窝(femto cell)的毫微微基站。
在一些部署中，网络设备可以包括集中式单元(centralized unit，CU)和分布单元(distributed unit，DU)。网络设备还可以包括射频单元(radio unit，RU)。CU和DU均可实现gNB的部分功能。可以理解的是，网络设备可以为CU节点、DU节点或包括CU节点和DU节点的设备。此外，CU可以划分到接入网中，也可以划分到核心网中，在此不做限制。
可选的，网络设备与网络设备之间可通过回程(backhaul)链路进行通信。该回程链路可以是有线回程链路(例如光纤、铜缆)，也可以是无线回程链路(例如微波)。
终端设备102，又可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)、无线终端、手持设备、客户端等，是一种向用户提供语音或数据连通性的设备，也可以是物联网设备。例如，终端设备包括具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。目前，终端设备可以是：手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、移动蜂窝电话、无绳电话、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、客户终端设备(customer-premises equipment，CPE)、智能销售点(point of sale，POS)机、可穿戴设备(例如智能手表、智能手环、计步器等)、车载设备(例如，汽车、自行车、电动车、飞机、船舶、火车、高铁等)、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、工业控制中的无线终端、智能家居设备(例如，冰箱、电视、空调、电表等)、智能机器人、车间设备、无人驾驶中的无线终端、远程手术中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全中的无线终端、智慧城市中的无线终端，智能电话、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、无线数据卡、无线调制解调器(modulator demodulator，Modem)、飞行设备(例如，智能机器人、热气球、无人机、飞机)、家用电器、交通工具、工具设备、服务设备和服务设施等。终端设备102还可以是其他具有终端功能的设备。例如，终端设备可以是D2D通信中担任终端功能的设备。
本申请中将具有无线收发功能的终端设备及可设置于前述终端设备的芯片统称为终端设备。终端设备可通过无线链路与对应的基站通信。
下文中，以终端设备和网络设备为例介绍本申请实施例提供的方法。
示例性的，本申请中的网络设备用于为终端设备提供无线接入服务。具体来说，每个网络设备都对应一个服务覆盖区域，进入该区域的终端设备可通过无线信号与网络设备通信，以此来接受网络设备提供的无线接入服务。网络设备的服务覆盖区域之间可能存在交叠，处于交叠区域内的终端设备可收到来自多个网络设备的无线信号，因此可以同时由多个网络设备为该终端设备提供服务。
为便于理解本申请，下面对本申请涉及的术语进行说明。
(1)AI学习
AI技术根据监督的等级可以划分为监督学习、非监督学习以及增强学习。
监督学习解决的是已知问题，目标是从有标记的训练数据中推导出预测函数。有标记的训练数据是指每个训练实例都包括输入和期望的输出，即根据输入数据以及输出结果学习输入数据与输出结果之间的映射关系，并将其应用于未知输入以获得正确的输出。
非监督学习也可称为主动学习或无监督学习，是一种用于识别新模式和检测异常情况的机器学习类型，它从无标记的训练数据中推断结论，即训练数据没有对应的输出结果。典型的非监督学习是聚类分析，它可以在探索性数据分析阶段用于发现隐藏的模式或者对数据进行分组。也可以说，非监督学习的特点是：给定数据，寻找数据隐藏的结构或特征。
例如，监督信息和非监督学习分别可根据标记的数据或未标记的数据，进行模型(或可称为AI模型、机器训练模型等)的训练，模型完成训练后，再用未知的候选数据进行模型的推理。其中，如果采用监督学习根据标记数据导致开销过大，可以采用非监督学习的方式减小标记的数量，控制训练数据的大小。
增强学习也可称为强化学习，是机器学习的另一个领域。增强学习包括三个要素：状态(state)、行动(action)和收益(reward)。该学习方式关注的是如何在一个环境中采取行动以便最大化某种累积的回报，如，给定当前的状态以及当前收益，学习如何选择一系列行动，以最大化长期收益。
在上述三种学习方式中，监督学习和非监督学习可应用于离线学习，即根据大量训练数据离线学习模型，当模型的学习完成后，再使用实际的数据进行推理。增强学习可以应用于在线学习，即根据当前的状态和收益，确定能最大化长期收益的行动。
(2)数据年龄(age of information，AOI)
在线学习中的一个关键步骤为实时数据的获取，AI模型的参数可以随着实时数据进行实时更新。为了保证训练数据的实时性，需要对数据的新鲜度进行评估。目前，衡量数据新鲜度的性能准则为AOI。AOI为一个时间间隔Δ(t)，可定义为当前时刻t与当前时刻收到的最新的数据包的生成时刻t n之间的时间间隔：
Δ(t)＝t-max{t n:t′ n≤t}   (1)
其中，t n为收到的第n个数据包的生成时刻(也可称为采样时刻)，n为正整数，t′ n为第n个数据包的接收时刻，max{t n:t′ n≤t}表示在当前时刻t之前，收到的最新的数据包的生成时刻。
从上述定义可以看出，如果在某个时刻没有成功收到数据包，AOI由之前收到的最新的数据包确定。如果一直没有收到数据包，AOI随着时间的增加而增加。因此，AOI的迭代法则可以由下列公式表示：
Figure PCTCN2022133821-appb-000001
当在某个时刻没有成功收到数据包，AOI数值加1；当在某个时刻成功收到数据包，AOI数值为当前时刻与数据包产生时刻之间的差值。如图2A所示，横轴为时间，纵轴为AOI数值。Y n＝t n-t n-1，表示相邻两个数据包的生成时刻的间隔；D n＝t′ n-t′ n-1，用于表示相邻两个数据包的接收时刻的间隔；T n＝t′ n-t n，用于表示数据包的时延，即数据包的接收时刻与生成时刻之间的间隔；A n＝Y n+T n＝T n-1+D n，用于表示AOI的峰值。
假设当前时刻t位于t 2和t 3之间，t时刻之前最新收到数据包的时刻为t′ 0，对应的数据包生成时刻为t 0，则t时刻AOI数值为t-t 0，t时刻纵轴的AOI数值与t 0的连线与横轴呈45 度夹角。因此，图2A中的AOI数值呈锯齿状，只在成功接收数据包的时刻下降，其他时刻呈45度上升。
根据上述AOI的定义，一段时间内的AOI总和可以用图2A中梯形面积Q n的总和表示，其中Q n可以表示为两个三角形的面积差：
Figure PCTCN2022133821-appb-000002
AOI的平均值(即平均AOI)可以用Q n的期望与数据包的生成间隔Y n的期望表示：
Figure PCTCN2022133821-appb-000003
由上述公式可以看出，平均AOI可以由数据包的生成间隔Y n与数据包的时延T n确定。T n可以表示为：
T n＝t′ n-t n＝W n+S n
其中，S n为第n个数据包的服务时间，即从第n个数据包开始传输到成功接收之间的间隔；W n为第n个数据包在队列中的等待时间，可表示为W n＝(T n-1-Y n) +。当队列中没有其他数据包时，W n＝0。例如，如图2B所示，在第1个数据包生成时，第0个数据包已经被成功接收，即t 1>t′ 0。此时，第1个数据包无需等待，可直接传输，第1个数据包的等待时间W 1＝0，服务时间S 1＝t′ 1-t 1，时延T 1＝S 1。
当队列中还有其他数据包时，W n＝T n-1-Y n。例如，如图2C所示，在第1个数据包生成时，第0个数据包还未被成功接收，即t 1<t′ 0。此时，第1个数据包需要等待至第0个数据包被成功接收后，才能开始传输，第1个数据包的等待时间W 1＝T 0-Y 1，服务时间S 1＝t′ 1-t′ 0，时延T 1＝W 1+S 1。
Y n与T n是负相关的。Y n越大，相邻数据包的生成时间之间的间隔越大，数据包的传输队列越空闲，每个数据包的传输时延T n越小。Y n越小，相邻数据包的生成时间之间的间隔越小，数据包的传输队列越拥堵，每个数据包的传输时延T n越大。为降低平均AOI，保证数据的实时性，需要在Y n与T n之间寻求平衡点。
(3)训练数据经历的时间
在线学习中，训练数据的采集和AI模型的训练可能不在一个设备中进行。例如，训练数据的采集可能由某些处于节能状态或者计算能力较弱的数据采集方(如终端设备)完成，终端设备在获取训练数据后，可将训练数据发送给网络数据，由网络设备对AI模型进行训练。如图2D所示，在该示例中，训练数据经历的时间可包括：
处理时间：在处理时间内，终端设备可生成数据，并对数据进行编码调制等。
等待时间：即数据在队列中的等待时间，具体内容可参考上文中的W n。
传输时间：即数据从终端设备传输至网络设备的时间。在该传输时间内，终端设备可对数据进行初传和/或重传。
计算时间：可包括时间1和时间2。其中，时间1为在网络设备接收到该终端设备的训练数据后，等待来自其他终端设备的训练数据的时间。网络设备中的AI模型可能需要多个终端设备的训练数据进行训练。例如，网络设备中的AI模型需要终端设备1-终端设备4的训练数据进行训练。若网络设备接收到终端设备1的训练数据时，未接收到终端设备2-终端设备4的训练数据，则需要等到接收到终端设备2-终端设备4的训练数据才能对AI模型进行训练，此时时间1大于0。若网络设备接收到终端设备1的训练数据时，已接收到终端设备2-终端设备4的训练数据，则时间1可等于0。时间2为AI模型进行一次迭 代所需的计算时间，也称为计算时长。
其中，处理时间和时间2可由训练数据的大小确定，等待时间、传输时间和时间1可由数据的生成时刻与发送时刻确定。通过控制数据的大小，生成时刻与传输时刻，可以控制训练数据所经历的时间，从而可控制数据的实时性。
(4)逻辑信道组(logic channel group，LCG)，可包括多个逻辑信道(logic channel，LC)。每个LC的参数可由网络设备配置。示例性的，每个LC的配置信息中包括LCG的索引和优先级等参数。网络设备在配置LC的参数时，可将优先级相同或相近的LC配置在一个LCG中。
终端设备在发送数据时，终端设备的媒体接入控制(media access layer，MAC)层可将多个LC对应的数据复用在上行资源上，即进行LC复用(也可称为MAC复用)。其中，MAC层可根据多个LC的优先级进行LC复用。下面结合图2E，对LC复用的方法进行具体说明。
S201：MAC层按照LC优先级从高到低的顺序，将多个LC对应的数据复用在上行资源上。
其中，MAC层可通过令牌桶(token bucket)算法，将多个LC对应的数据复用在上行资源上。该算法的基本思想是基于令牌桶内是否有令牌以及令牌的多少来确定是否复用某个LC的数据，并控制组装到MAC协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)中的该LC的数据量。
如图2F所示，S201可包括：
S2011：MAC层判断LCj的变量Bj是否大于0。若Bj大于0，则执行S2012，若Bj小于或等于0，则执行S2014。
其中，LCj为多个LC中的任一LC。Bj可用于指示LCj对应的令牌桶中可用的令牌(token)数，每个token对应1字节(Byte)的数据。
LCj对应的令牌桶的最大容量为PBR×BSD。其中，优先比特速率(prioritized bit rate，PBR)可用于决定令牌桶的“底面积”，桶大小持续时间(bucket size duration，BSD)可用于决定令牌桶的“深度”。令牌桶的最大容量为LCj可以挂起(pending，即缓存在缓存区(buffer)中)的最大数据量。
在LCj建立时，Bj初始化为0。此后，每经过一个传输时间间隔(transmission time interval，TTI)，Bj增加PBR×TTI。例如，若参数优先比特速率(prioritisedBitRate)对应的PBR为kBps8，则PBR为8千字节每秒(kBps)，即每TTI可向LCj对应的令牌桶内注入8kBps*1毫秒(ms)＝8Byte的令牌。
此外，Bj的值小于或等于第一容量所对应的令牌数，第一容量为LCj对应的令牌桶的最大容量。例如，若BSD＝500ms，PBR为8kBps，则LCj对应的令牌桶的最大容量为8kBps*500ms＝4k Byte，此时，Bj小于或等于4千(k)。
S2012：MAC层将LCj对应的业务数据单元(service data unit，SDU)复用到MAC PDU中，并将Bj减去Tsdu对应的令牌数。
其中，SDU为LC复用的基本单元，一个MAC PDU可包括多个SDU，Tsdu为SDU的数据量。例如，当Tsdu为8Byte时，在S2012中，Bj-8。
S2013：MAC层判断LCj是否满足PBR。如果LCj满足PBR，则执行S2014；如果LCj不满足PBR，则执行S2011。
其中，当第一数据量大于或等于PBR*BSD对应的数据量时，LCj满足PBR；当第一数据量小于PBR*BSD对应的数据量时，LCj不满足PBR。其中，第一数据量为复用到MAC PDU中与LCj对应的SDU的数据总量。
S2014：MAC层对多个LC中的下一个LC进行处理。
其中，下一个LC可为多个LC中优先级仅次于LCj的LC。MAC层对下一个LC的处理方法可参考S2011-S2013中对LCj的处理方法，此处不再赘述。
另外，S2014为可选步骤。例如，若S2011-S2013中的LCj为多个LC中优先级最低的LC，则在S2014为可选步骤。
S202：若在S201之后，终端设备的可用上行资源还包括剩余资源，则MAC层可根据多个LC的优先级，将剩余资源分配给多个LC。
此时，MAC层可不考虑Bj。例如，在S201之后，多个LC所对应的数据还包括：LC1对应的数据，以及LC2对应的数据。若LC1的优先级高于LC2的优先级，则MAC层在将LC1对应的所有数据映射到剩余资源上后，再将LC2对应的数据映射到剩余资源上。
(5)信息的接收时刻和发送时刻
在本申请中，发送设备和接收设备之间是同步的。因此，发送设备向接收设备发送信息时，信息的接收时刻和发送时刻相同，例如，信息的接收时刻和发送时刻都在第4个时隙。
(6)本申请中，时刻的单位可以是秒、毫秒或微秒等，例如，时刻p可指代第p秒、第p毫秒或者第p微秒等。
时刻p中的p也可为时间单元的索引。本申请中，时间单元可以是时隙、迷你时隙、帧和子帧中的一项或多项。例如，时刻p中p可以是第p个时隙，或者第o个子帧内的第p个时隙。时刻p可以为第p个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或者中间的某个时刻。o和p为正整数。
下面以时刻p中的p为时间单元的索引，时刻p为第p个时间单元的起始时刻为例进行说明。
(7)本申请中，第一装置、第二装置和第三装置均可为以下之一：终端设备、终端设备中的装置、与终端设备匹配使用的装置、网络设备、网络设备中的装置、与网络设备匹配使用的装置。第一装置、第二装置和第三装置为不同的装置。
(8)本申请中，生成数据的时刻可为数据的开始生成时刻，也可为数据的生成完成时刻，还可为生成数据的过程中的某一时刻；发送数据的时刻可为数据的开始发送时刻，也可为数据的发送完成时刻，还可为发送数据的过程中的某一时刻。
AI/ML技术和感知等相关技术中，训练数据的采集和AI模型的训练可能不在一个设备中进行；感知数据的采集和感知处理也可能不在一个设备中进行。例如，终端设备将数据上报给网络设备，网络设备利用接收的数据进行处理，数据的处理结果可用于优化移动网络性能等。对于在线学习，需要大量实时训练数据作为模型的输入，才能得到准确率较高的模型。如何提高设备之间传输的数据的实时性，是本申请要解决的技术问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中。下面参阅图3所示的流程图，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。
S301：第二装置向第一装置发送第一信息。相应的，第一装置接收来自第二装置的第一信息。
其中，第一信息可承载在下行控制信息(downlink control information，DCI)、侧行控制信息(sidelink control information，SCI)或无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)信令中。
第一信息可用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻。示例性地，第一数据可为用于训练第二装置中AI模型的数据。
一种可能的实现中，第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息，第五信息和第六信息可承载在同一条消息中，也可承载在不同的消息中。
下面通过实现方式一-实现方式五分别说明第一信息与第一时刻和第二时刻之间的关系。
实现方式一：第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第一时间间隔，第二时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第二时间间隔。
其中，第一参考时刻可以是根据第一信息确定的。在一些可能的方式中，第一参考时刻可为第一信息的接收时刻。例如，第一装置在时刻T 1接收到第一信息，T 1为时间单元的索引，则第一参考时刻可以为第T 1个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，也可以为第T 1+△T 1个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，△T 1可以是协议预定义的或预先配置的，△T 1可以为正数，也可以为负数。在另一些可能的方式中，第一信息包括第一参考时刻。例如，第一信息包括第一字段，第一字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如，第2个时间单元的索引，则第一参考时刻为第2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻。
在一些可能的方式中，第一时间间隔可包括在第一信息中。例如，第一信息包括第二字段，第二字段的值为2，表示2个时间单元，则第一时间间隔为2个时间单元。在另一些可能的方式中，第一时间间隔也可为预先定义的或者预配置的。
在一些可能的方式中，第二时间间隔可包括在第一信息中。例如，第一信息包括第三字段，第三字段的值为5，表示5个时间单元，则第二时间间隔为5个时间单元。在另一些可能的方式中，第二时间间隔也可为预先定义的或者预配置的。
通过该实现方式，第二装置可通过一个信息指示数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可降低指示数据生成时刻和发送时刻的开销。
实现方式二：第一信息包括：第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
1、第一信息包括第一时刻和第二时刻。
在一些可能的方式中，第一信息可包括第四字段和第五字段，第四字段用于指示第一时刻，第五字段用于指示第二时刻。例如，第四字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如，第2个时间单元的索引，类似的，第五字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如，第5个时间单元的索引，则第一时刻为第2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，第二时刻为第5个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻。
在另一些可能的方式中，第一信息可包括第六字段，第六字段可为起始长度指示(start and length indicator，SLIV)，SLIV指示的起始位置可为第一时刻，SLIV指示的起始位置和长度可用于确定第二时刻。例如，SLIV指示的起始位置为第2个时间单元，SLIV指示的长度为3个时间单元，则第一时刻为第2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某 个时刻，第二时刻为第5个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻。
2、第一信息包括第一时刻。此时，第一时刻和第二时刻之间的间隔可为预定义或者预配置的时间间隔。这样，第一装置可根据第一信息确定出第一时刻，并根据第一时刻和预定义或者预配置的时间间隔确定出第二时刻。
其中，第一信息包括第一时刻的具体内容可参考第1点中对“第一信息包括第一时刻”的说明。
3、第一信息包括第二时刻。此时，第一时刻和第二时刻之间的间隔可为预定义或者预配置的时间间隔。这样，第一装置可根据第一信息确定出第二时刻，并根据第二时刻和预定义或者预配置的时间间隔确定出第一时刻。
其中，第一信息包括第二时刻的具体内容可参考第1点中对“第一信息包括第二时刻”的说明。
该实现方式二提供了多种直接指示第一时刻和/或第二时刻的方法，易于实现，且实现较为灵活。
实现方式三：第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息。第一时刻与第二参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第三时间间隔，第二时刻与第三参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第四时间间隔。
其中，第二参考时刻可以是根据第五信息确定的。在一些可能的方式中，第二参考时刻可为第五信息的接收时刻。例如，第一装置在时刻T 2接收到第五信息，T 2为时间单元的索引，则第二参考时刻可以为第T 2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，也可以为第T 2+△T 2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，△T 2可以是协议预定义的或预先配置的，△T 2可以为正数，也可以为负数。在另一些可能的方式中，第五信息包括第二参考时刻。例如，第五信息包括第七字段，第七字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如，第2个时间单元的索引，则第二参考时刻为第2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻。
第三参考时刻可以是根据第六信息确定的。在一些可能的方式中，第三参考时刻可为第六信息的接收时刻。例如，第一装置在时刻T 3接收到第六信息，T 3为时间单元的索引，则第三参考时刻可以为第T 3个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，也可以为第T 3+△T 3个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，△T 3可以是协议预定义的或预先配置的，△T 3可以为正数，也可以为负数。在另一些可能的方式中，第六信息包括第三参考时刻。例如，第六信息包括第八字段，第八字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如，第3个时间单元的索引，则第三参考时刻为第3个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻。
在一些可能的方式中，第三时间间隔可包括在第五信息中。例如，第五信息包括第九字段，第九字段的值为2，表示2个时间单元，则第三时间间隔为2个时间单元。在另一些可能的方式中，第三时间间隔也可为预先定义的或者预先配置的。
在一些可能的方式中，第四时间间隔可包括在第六信息中。例如，第六信息包括第十字段，第十字段的值为4，表示4个时间单元，则第四时间间隔为4个时间单元。在一些可能的方式中，第四时间间隔也可为预先定义的或者预先配置的。
该实现方式通过第五信息和第六信息分别指示数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可降低每个信息的开销，提高每个信息传输的成功率。
实现方式四：第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息。第五信息包括第一时刻，第六信息包括第二时刻。
例如，第五信息可包括第十一字段，第十一字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如，第2个时间单元的索引。第六信息包括第十二字段，第十二字段的值为时间单元的索引，例如第5个时间单元的索引，则第一时刻为第2个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻，第二时刻为第5个时间单元的起始时刻、结束时刻或中间的某个时刻。
该实现方式四中，第五信息和第六信息可分别直接指示第一时刻和第二时刻，易于实现。
并且，在实现方式一至实现方式四中，第二装置可为第一装置确定数据的生成时刻和数据的发送时刻，通过控制数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可控制数据的所经历的时间，从而提高数据的实时性。
可选的，在实现方式三和实现方式四中，第五信息包括在第一消息中，第六信息包括在第二消息中，第一消息和第二消息之间可存在关联关系。例如，第一消息和第二消息为DCI，第一消息和第二消息的索引相同，这样，第一装置可将根据第一消息生成的第一数据与第二消息指示的第二时刻关联。又例如，第二消息中包含用于指示第一时刻和第二时刻关联的信息。示例性的，第二消息包括第一时刻。这样，第一装置可将根据第一消息生成的第一数据与第二消息指示的第二时刻关联。该方法可通过第一消息和第二消息的关联关系，显式或隐式的指示第一时刻和第二时刻的关联关系。这样，当第一装置中存在多个要传输的数据时，第一装置可根据该关联关系确定每个数据的传输时刻。
实现方式五：第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围。第一时刻属于第一时间范围，第二时刻属于第二时间范围。
1、第一信息包括用于确定第一时间范围的信息和用于确定第二时间范围的信息。
其中，第一信息可直接指示第一时间范围，即第一信息可包括第一时间范围；第一信息也可间接指示第一时间范围，第一信息可包括与第一时间范围存在对应关系的信息，该信息为用于确定第一时间范围的信息。例如，第一装置和第二装置中包括多个时间范围和多个时间范围索引之间的对应关系，第一信息包括与第一时间范围对应的时间范围索引。
类似的，第一信息可直接指示第二时间范围，即，第一信息可包括第二时间范围；第一信息也可间接指示第二时间范围，第一信息可包括与第二时间范围存在对应关系的信息，该信息为用于确定第二时间范围的信息。例如，第一装置和第二装置中包括多个时间范围和多个时间范围索引之间的对应关系，第一信息包括与第二时间范围对应的时间范围索引。
用于确定第一时间范围的信息和用于确定第二时间范围的信息可承载在同一条消息中，也可承载在不同的消息中。
在接收到第一信息后，第一装置可在第一时间范围内生成第一数据，在第二时间范围内发送第一数据。
2、第一信息包括用于确定第一时间范围的信息。用于确定第一时间范围的信息的具体内容可参考第1点中对用于确定第一时间范围的信息的说明。第二时间范围可为预先定义的或者预先配置的。
在一种可能的方式中，第一装置可在第一时间范围内生成第一数据。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第一装置可根据第一时刻在第二时间范围内发送第一数据。
在另一种可能的方式中，第一时间范围可根据预先定义或预先配置的第二时间范围确定。这样，第一装置可在第一时间范围内生成第一数据，在第二时间范围内发送第一数据。
3、第一信息包括用于确定第二时间范围的信息。用于确定第二时间范围的信息的具体内容可参考第1点中对用于确定第二时间范围的信息的说明。第一时间范围可为预先定义的或者预先配置的。
在一种可能的方式中，第一装置可在第二时间范围内选取用于发送第一数据的第二时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第一装置可根据第二时刻在第一时间范围内生成第一数据。
在另一种可能的方式中，第二时间范围可根据预先定义或预先配置的第一时间范围确定。这样，第一装置可从第一时间范围内选取用于生成第一数据的第一时刻，从第二时间范围选取用于发送第一数据的第二时刻。通过该实现方式五，第二装置可为第一装置设置生成数据的第一时间范围和发送数据的第二时间范围。这样，第一装置可在第一时间范围内生成数据，在第二时间范围内发送数据。第二装置可通过控制第一时间范围和第二时间范围来控制数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
S302：第一装置在第二时刻发送在第一时刻生成的第一数据。
可选的，在S302中，第一装置可根据第一信息，优先复用第一数据对应的LC。例如，第一装置中包括对新鲜度有需求的数据，以及对新鲜度没有需求的数据。第一装置可根据第一信息确定第一信息对应的第一数据为对新鲜度有需求的数据，并优先复用第一数据对应的LC。
其中，对新鲜度有需求的数据可包括以下至少一项：用于对第二装置中的AI模型进行训练的数据，根据数据生成时刻确定数据发送时刻的数据，与感知流程相关的数据。其中，与感知流程相关的数据可包括终端设备感知的数据，例如，终端设备感知到的环境中的物体的速度、方向、位置等信息，或者终端设备感知到的信道信息。
在一些可能的方式中，第一装置可先复用对新鲜度有需求的数据对应的LC，再根据LC的优先级进行LC复用。下面结合步骤H1-H3对此进行说明。
H1：第一装置先复用对新鲜度有需求的数据对应的LC。
可选的，第一装置可根据第一信息确定对第一信息对应的第一数据为对新鲜度有需求的数据。例如，若生成第一数据的第一时刻和/或发送第一数据的第二时刻是根据第一信息确定的，则表示第一数据为对新鲜度有需求的数据。
H2：在步骤H1之后，第一装置将剩余的数据按照LC的优先级进行LC复用，复用的方式可参考步骤S201，此处不再赘述。
H3：若在步骤H2之后，第一装置的可用资源还包括剩余资源，则第一装置可根据LC的优先级，将剩余资源分配给第一装置的数据对应的LC。
例如，第一装置要发送LC1-LC4对应的数据。第一数据为LC2对应的数据。第一装置可先复用LC2，再根据LC1、LC3和LC4的优先级进行LC复用。
在另一些可能的方式中，第一装置先复用优先级高于第一优先级阈值的LC，再复用第一数据对应的LC，然后，第一装置再复用其他LC。下面结合步骤I1-I3对此进行说明。
I1：第一装置先复用优先级高于第一优先级阈值的LC，复用的方式可参考步骤S201，此处不再赘述。
I2：第一装置复用对新鲜度有需求的数据对应的LC。步骤I2的具体内容可参考步骤H1，此处不再赘述。
I3：若在步骤I2之后，第一装置的可用资源还包括剩余资源，第一装置可复用优先级低于第一优先级阈值的LC，复用的方式可参考步骤S201，此处不再赘述。
I4：若在步骤I3之后，第一装置的可用资源还包括剩余资源，则第一装置可根据LC的优先级，将剩余资源分配给第一装置的数据对应的LC。
例如，第一装置要发送LC1-LC4对应的数据。第一数据为LC2对应的数据。LC1和LC3的优先级高于第一优先级阈值，LC4的优先级高于LC2的优先级。第一装置可先复用LC1和LC3，再复用LC2，然后复用LC4。
通过该方法，第一装置可优先复用对新鲜度有需求的数据，从而可保证这部分数据的传输实时性。
可选的，在图3所示方法中，第一装置还可通过以下方式之一确定第一数据的大小：
实现方式1：第一装置从第二装置获取第一数据的大小。可选的，第二装置向第一装置发送第四信息。相应的，第一装置接收来自第二装置的第四信息，第四信息用于指示第一数据的大小。
当第二装置中AI模型的参数发生变化时，第二装置所需的训练数据的大小可能也会发生变化。若第二装置确定第二装置所需的训练数据的大小发生变化，则第二装置可向第一装置发送第四信息，第四信息所指示的第一数据的大小可为第二装置所需的训练数据的大小。
第四信息可直接或间接指示第一数据的大小。例如，第四信息可包括第一数据的大小。又例如，第四信息可包括与第一数据的大小存在对应关系的信息。
另外，第四信息和第一信息可承载在同一条消息中，也可承载在不同的消息中。
通过该实现方式1，第二装置可指示第一装置第一数据的大小，从而可获取到满足第二装置需求的第一数据。例如，第一数据的大小可满足第二装置中AI模型的需求。
另外，在该实现方式1中，第二装置可在AI模型的参数发生变化时，才向第一装置发送用于指示第一数据的大小的信息，无需在每次调度资源时都向第一装置发送该信息，从而可降低开销。
实现方式2：第一装置自己确定第一数据的大小。
在实现方式2中，在生成第一数据后，第一装置可向第二装置发送用于指示第一数据的大小的信息，以便第二装置根据第一数据的大小为第一数据分配资源。例如，在生成第一数据后，第一装置向第二装置发送BSR，BSR中包括第一数据的大小。
一种可能的实现中，当第一信息与第一时刻和第二时刻之间的关系为上述实现方式五中的关系时，若第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源，在S302之前，图3所示方法还包括步骤A1-A2：
A1：在第一时刻生成第一数据后，第一装置向第二装置发送第一请求。相应地，第二装置接收来自第一装置的第一请求。
其中，第一请求可用于请求第二装置为第一数据分配资源。第一请求可以为一个一比特的标志位(flag或identification)信息，例如，当该标识信息为0或1时，表示第二时间范 围内没有用于数据传输的资源。第一请求可承载在BSR，调度请求(scheduling request，SR)，物理上行控制信道(physical uplink control channel，PUCCH)，或者物理上行共享信道(physical uplink shared channel，PUSCH)中。
A2：第二装置向第一装置发送第七信息。相应的，第一装置接收来自第二装置的第七信息。其中，第七信息可用于指示第二装置为第一数据分配的资源。
可选的，第七信息可承载在DCI中。
在步骤A2之后，在S302中，第一装置可在第七信息指示的资源上向第二装置发送第一数据。
通过该方法，若第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源，第一装置可及时请求第二装置为第一数据分配资源，从而可及时传输第一数据，进而可提高第一数据的实时性。
一种可能的实现中，在S301之前，该方法还包括步骤B1-B2：
B1：第一装置向第二装置发送第一辅助信息。相应的，第二装置接收来自第一装置的第一辅助信息。其中，第一辅助信息可用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：
1、第一装置的能量状态：例如，第一装置是否处于节能状态，第一装置的能量(例如，第一装置的剩余电池容量)是否大于第一能量阈值，第一装置的能量是否小于第二能量阈值等。
2、第一装置的采样开销：例如，第一装置的采样开销是否大于第一开销阈值，第一装置的采样开销是否小于第二开销阈值等。其中，第一装置的采样开销可为第一装置采集用于生成数据的信息所需的资源，例如，第一装置的采样开销可为第一装置采集该信息所需的电量和/或功率。在本申请中，第一装置可在同一时刻采集信息和生成数据，也可在不同时刻采集信息和生成数据。用于采集信息的采样间隔和用于生成数据的生成间隔相同，因此，在本申请中，采样间隔和生成间隔可以互换。
3、第一装置的计算资源的容量：例如，第一装置的计算资源的容量是否大于第一容量阈值，第一装置的计算资源的容量是否小于第二容量阈值等。
B2：第二装置根据第一辅助信息确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
当第一装置处于节能状态或者第一装置的能量小于第二能量阈值时，第一装置可能无法按照第二装置的需求随时进行采样，即无法随时生成数据。此时，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第一采样间隔阈值的采样间隔，并据此确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第一传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的能量大于第一能量阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第二采样间隔阈值的采样间隔，并据此确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第二传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的采样开销大于第一开销阈值时，为降低系统开销，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第三采样间隔阈值的采样间隔，并据此确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第三传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的采样开销小于第二开销阈值时，为降低系统开销，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第四采样间隔阈值的采样间隔，并据此确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第四传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的计算资源的容量大于第一容量阈值时，第一装置的处理能力较强，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第十一采样间隔阈值的采样间隔，并据此确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第十九传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的计算资源的容量小于第二容量阈值时，第一装置的处理能力较弱，可能无法按照第二装置的需求随时进行采样，即无法随时生成数据。此时，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第十二采样间隔阈值的采样间隔，并据此确定生成第一数据的第一时刻。为平衡数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第二十传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
通过该方法，第二装置可根据第一辅助信息合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高数据传输的实时性。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了另一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中。下面参阅图4所示的流程图，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。
S401：第一装置向第二装置发送第二信息。相应的，第二装置接收来自第一装置的第二信息。其中，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻。
第二信息可直接或间接指示第一时刻。例如，第二信息包括第一时刻。又例如，第二信息包括与第一时刻存在对应关系的信息。
一种可能的实现中，第一装置可在生成第一数据后，向第二装置发送包含第二信息的BSR。其中，BSR中可包括多个LCG或LC的索引。每个LCG或LC与以下至少一项对应：数据类型，缓存大小(用于指示LCG或LC对应的数据的大小)，数据生成时刻(用于指示LCG或LC对应的数据的生成时刻)。例如，如图5所示，BSR包括：LCG0-LCG3，以及LCG0-LCG3中每个LCG对应的数据类型、缓存大小和数据生成时刻。
在一些可能的方式中，BSR可以只包括对新鲜度有需求的数据对应的LCG或LC的信息。每个LCG或LC对应的数据生成时刻为该LCG或LC对应的数据的实际生成时刻。例如，若图5中LCG0-LCG3对应的数据均为对新鲜度有需求的数据，则每个LCG对应的数据生成时刻为该LCG对应的数据的实际生成时刻。
在另一些可能的方式中，BSR可包括对新鲜度有需求的数据以及对新鲜度没有需求的数据。此时，对新鲜度有需求的数据对应的LCG或LC的数据生成时刻为数据的实际生成时刻，对新鲜度没有需求的数据对应的LCG或LC的数据生成时刻可以设为默认值，例如设为全0或者全1。例如，若图5中LCG0对应的数据为对新鲜度有需求的数据，LCG1-LCG3对应的数据为对新鲜度没有需求的数据，则LCG0对应的数据生成时刻为LCG0对应的数据的实际生成时刻，LCG1-LCG3对应的数据生成时刻为默认值。
其中，对新鲜度有需求的数据的具体内容可参考对S302的说明，此处不再赘述。
S402：第二装置向第一装置发送第三信息。相应的，第一装置接收来自第二装置的第三信息。其中，第三信息用于确定发送第一数据的第二时刻，第二时刻是根据第二信息指 示的第一时刻确定的。
第三信息用于确定发送第一数据的第二时刻的具体内容可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第二时刻的内容，此处不再赘述。
可选的，第二时刻是第二装置根据第一时刻确定的。也就是说，第二装置根据第一数据的生成时刻确定第一数据的发送时刻。例如，当第二装置根据第一时刻确定第一装置的采样间隔大于第九采样间隔阈值时，则可为第一装置确定采用大于第九传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。又例如，当第二装置根据第一时刻确定第一装置的采样间隔小于第十采样间隔阈值时，则可为第一装置确定采用小于第十传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
S402为可选的步骤。
S403：第一装置在第二时刻发送在第一时刻生成的第一数据。
S403的具体内容可参考S302，此处不再赘述。
通过图4所示方法，第一装置可向第二装置发送用于指示数据的生成时刻的信息，这样，第二装置可根据数据的生成时刻对数据进行更合理的处理。
另外，第二装置可根据数据的生成时刻确定数据的发送时刻，从而可控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
可选的，在S402之前，该方法还包括步骤C1-C2：
C1：第一装置向第二装置发送第一辅助信息。相应的，第二装置接收来自第一装置的第一辅助信息。其中，第一辅助信息可用于确定第二时刻。
步骤C1的具体内容可参考步骤B1，重复之处不再赘述。
C2：第二装置根据第一辅助信息确定第二时刻。
当第一装置处于节能状态或者第一装置的能量小于第二能量阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第五传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的能量大于第一能量阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第六传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的采样开销大于第一开销阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第七传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的采样开销小于第二开销阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第八传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的计算资源的容量大于第一容量阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定小于第十五传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
当第一装置的计算资源的容量小于第二容量阈值时，第二装置可为第一装置确定大于第十六传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
通过该方法，第二装置可根据第一辅助信息合理确定数据的发送时刻，从而提高数据传输的实时性。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请实施例提供了又一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中。下面参阅图6所示的流程图，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。
S601：第一装置获取第二辅助信息和/或第二装置的计算信息。
其中，S601可包括S601a和/或S601b：
S601a：第三装置向第一装置发送第二辅助信息。相应的，第一装置接收来自第三装置的第二辅助信息。
其中，第一装置和第三装置都可向第二装置发送数据，例如，第一装置和第三装置都可向第二装置发送用于训练第二装置中AI模型的数据。
可选的，第一装置和第三装置均为终端设备。例如，第一装置为第一终端设备，第三装置为第二终端设备。第二终端设备可通过侧行链路向第一终端设备发送第二辅助信息。
可选的，第二辅助信息包括以下至少一项：
1、第三装置的能量状态：例如，第三装置是否处于节能状态，第三装置的能量(例如，第三装置的剩余电池容量)是否大于第三能量阈值，第三装置的能量是否小于第四能量阈值等。
2、第三装置的采样开销：例如，第三装置的采样开销是否大于第三开销阈值，第三装置的采样是否小于第四开销阈值等。
3、第三装置生成数据的时刻：例如，第三装置生成用于训练第二装置中的AI模型的数据的时刻。
4、第三装置的计算资源的容量：例如，第三装置的计算资源的容量是否大于第三容量阈值，第三装置的计算资源的容量是否小于第四容量阈值等。
S601b：第二装置向第一装置发送第二装置的计算信息。相应的，第一装置接收来自第二装置的计算信息。
其中，第一装置可为终端设备，第二装置可为网络设备或另一个终端设备。
第二装置的计算信息可用于指示数据处理所需的计算时长。例如，数据处理所需的计算时长可为第二装置中AI模型完成一次迭代训练所需的计算时长。第二装置的计算信息包括数据处理所需的计算时长；或者，第二装置的计算信息包括与数据处理所需的计算时长存在对应关系的信息。
其中，计算信息所指示的计算时长可与AI模型完成一次迭代需要的训练数据的规模有关。例如，当AI模型的训练数据由多个终端设备提供时，训练数据的规模较大，需要的计算时长较长。
S602：第一装置根据第二辅助信息和/或计算信息，在第一时刻生成第一数据。
在一些可能的方式中，第二辅助信息包括第三装置生成数据的时刻。第一装置可根据第三装置生成数据的时刻，确定第三装置生成数据的频率或间隔。第一装置可以采用与第三装置不同的频率或间隔生成数据，从而在第一时刻生成第一数据。在该方式中，第一装置和第三装置生成数据的频率或间隔不同，从而可保证第二装置可从多个设备处获得具有新鲜度的数据。
在一些可能的方式中，计算信息所指示的计算时长可与数据的采样间隔成正比。例如，当计算时长大于第一计算时长阈值时，数据的采样间隔可大于第一间隔阈值。若第一装置在时刻T 4生成数据1，则第一装置可确定与时刻T 4的间隔大于第一间隔阈值的第一时刻。又例如，当计算时长小于第二计算时长阈值时，数据的采样间隔可小于第二间隔阈值。若第一装置在时刻T 4生成数据1，则第一装置可确定与时刻T 4的间隔小于第二间隔阈值的第一时刻。通过该方式，可避免生成的数据拥堵在数据队列中。
可选的，第一装置还可根据以下至少一项确定生成第一数据的第一时刻：第一装置的信道状态信息和第一装置的传输资源。下面分别对此进行说明。
其中，信道状态信息包括以下至少一项：信道质量指示(channel quality indication，CQI)，秩指示(rank indication，RI)，信道占用比例(channel occupancy ratio，CR)，信道繁忙比例(channel busy ratio，CBR)，接收信道强度指示(received signal strength indicator，RSSI)。
例如，当CQI、RI和RSSI中的一项或多项低于第一质量阈值时，或者CR和/或CBR高于第二质量阈值时，表示当前的信道状态较差，需要通过多次重传才能实现数据的成功传输。此时，第一装置可确定数据的采样间隔大于第三间隔阈值，若第一装置在时刻T 4生成数据1，则第一装置可确定与时刻T 4的间隔大于第三间隔阈值的第一时刻。
又例如，当CQI、RI和RSSI中的一项或多项高于第三质量阈值时，或者CR和/或CBR低于第四质量阈值时，第一装置可确定数据的采样间隔小于第四间隔阈值，若第一装置在时刻T 4生成数据1，则第一装置可确定与时刻T 4的间隔小于第四间隔阈值的第一时刻。
通过该方法，可避免生成的数据拥堵在数据队列中，从而提高数据传输的实时性。
一种可能的实现中，传输资源与帧结构的配置相关。例如，如果第一装置的上行资源少于第一资源阈值，则第一装置可确定数据的采样间隔大于第五间隔阈值，若第一装置在时刻T 4生成数据1，则第一装置可确定与时刻T 4的间隔大于第五间隔阈值的第一时刻。又例如，如果第一装置的上行资源大于第二资源阈值，则第一装置可确定数据的采样间隔小于第六间隔阈值，若第一装置在时刻T 4生成数据1，则第一装置可确定与时刻T 4的间隔大于第六间隔阈值的第一时刻。通过该方法，数据的生成时刻可更好的匹配传输资源，从而可与数据的发送时刻相匹配，进而可降低数据经历的时间，提高数据的实时性。
S603：第一装置在第二时刻向第二装置发送第一数据。
其中，第一装置确定第二时刻的方式可参考实现方式五中第二时刻的确定方式，重复之处不再赘述。
可选的，第一装置可根据第二辅助信息确定第二时刻。其中，第二辅助信息可包括第三装置的能量状态、采样开销和计算资源的容量中的一个或多个。
例如，当第三装置处于节能状态或者第三装置的能量小于第四能量阈值时，表示第二装置可能不需要频繁地接收来自第三装置的数据，此时第一装置可以确定小于第十一传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据该传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
还例如，当第三装置的能量大于第三能量阈值时，表示第二装置可能需要频繁地接收来自第三装置的数据，此时第一装置可以确定大于第十二传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据该传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
又例如，当第三装置的采样开销大于第三开销阈值时，表示第二装置可能不需要频繁地接收来自第三装置的数据，此时第一装置可以确定小于第十三传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据该传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
再例如，当第三装置的采样开销小于第四开销阈值时，表示第二装置可能需要频繁地接收来自第三装置的数据，此时第一装置可以确定大于第十四传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据该传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
再例如，当第三装置的计算资源的容量大于第三容量阈值时，表示第二装置可能需要频繁地接收来自第三装置的数据，此时第一装置可以确定大于第十七传输间隔阈值的传输 间隔，并根据该传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
再例如，当第三装置的计算资源的容量小于第四容量阈值时，表示第二装置可能不需要频繁地接收来自第三装置的数据，此时第一装置可以确定小于第十八传输间隔阈值的传输间隔，并根据该传输间隔确定发送第一数据的第二时刻。
通过图6所示方法，第一装置可合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高数据传输的实时性。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中，该方法为图3所示方法的一种可能的实例。下面参阅图7所示的流程图，以第一装置为终端设备，第二装置为网络设备为例，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。在该方法中，网络设备可确定数据的发送资源，并且终端设备可根据网络设备的指示随时生成数据。
S701：终端设备向网络设备发送第一辅助信息，相应地，网络设备接收该第一辅助信息。
其中，S701为可选的步骤。S701的具体内容可参考步骤B1，此处不再赘述。
S702：网络设备向终端设备发送DCI-1，相应地，终端设备接收该DCI-1。
其中，DCI-1用于确定生成第一数据的时刻T a和发送第一数据的时刻T b，时刻T b可为初始发送第一数据的时刻(即第一数据的初传时刻)。DCI-1用于确定时刻T a的具体方式可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第一时刻的方式，DCI-1用于确定时刻T b的具体方式可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第二时刻的方式，此处不再赘述。
可选的，网络设备可在根据第一辅助信息确定时刻T a和时刻T b后，向终端设备发送DCI-1。其中，网络设备根据第一辅助信息确定时刻T a和时刻T b的方式可参考步骤B2中第二装置根据第一辅助信息确定第一时刻和第二时刻的方式。此处不再赘述。
S703：终端设备在时刻T a生成第一数据。
在一些可能的方式中，终端设备在时刻T a采集用于生成第一数据的信息，并根据该信息生成第一数据，此时采集信息和生成第一数据是同时发生的。
在另一些可能的方式中，采集信息和生成数据之间的间隔为△T a，终端设备在时刻T a-△T a采集用于生成第一数据的信息，并在时刻T a根据该信息生成第一数据。其中，△T a可以是协议预定义的或预先配置的，△T a可以为正数。
S704：终端设备在时刻T b向网络设备发送第一数据。
其中，S704的具体内容可参考S302，此处不再赘述。
S705：当网络设备在初传时刻未接收到第一数据或者对第一数据译码失败，则网络设备向终端设备发送DCI-3，相应地，终端设备接收DCI-3。
其中，DCI-3为用于重传的DCI，可用于确定发送第一数据的时刻T c，时刻T c可为重新发送第一数据的时刻(即第一数据的重传时刻)。DCI-R用于确定时刻T c的具体方式可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第二时刻的方式，此处不再赘述。
S706：终端设备在时刻T c向网络设备发送第一数据。
其中，S706的具体内容可参考S302，此处不再赘述。
S705-S706为可选的步骤。
可选的，在接收到第一数据后，网络设备可根据第一数据训练AI模型。网络设备训练AI模型的具体方式，本申请不做限制。
通过图7所示方法，网络设备可确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中，该方法为图3所示方法的另一种可能的实例。下面参阅图8所示的流程图，以第一装置为终端设备，第二装置为网络设备为例，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。在该方法中，网络设备可确定数据的发送资源，并且终端设备可根据网络设备的指示随时生成数据。
S801：终端设备向网络设备发送第一辅助信息，相应地，网络设备接收该第一辅助信息。
其中，S801为可选的步骤。S801的具体内容可参考步骤S701，此处不再赘述。
S802：网络设备向终端设备发送DCI-1，相应地，终端设备接收该DCI-1。
其中，DCI-1用于确定生成第一数据的时刻T a。DCI-1用于确定时刻T a的具体方式可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第一时刻的方式，此处不再赘述。
可选的，网络设备可在根据第一辅助信息确定时刻T a后，向终端设备发送DCI-1。其中，网络设备根据第一辅助信息确定时刻T a的方式可参考步骤B2中第二装置根据第一辅助信息确定第一时刻的方式。此处不再赘述。
S803：终端设备在时刻T a生成第一数据。
S803的具体内容可参考S703，此处不再赘述。
S804：终端设备向网络设备发送BSR。
其中，BSR用于请求网络设备为第一数据分配资源。
可选的，BSR中包括第一数据的大小。
S805：网络设备向终端设备发送DCI-2。
其中，DCI-2用于确定发送第一数据的时刻T b。DCI-2用于确定时刻T b的具体方式可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第二时刻的方式，此处不再赘述。
可选的，DCI-1和DCI-2之间存在关联关系。DCI-1和DCI-2之间的关联关系可参考S301中第一消息和第二消息之间的关联关系，此处不再赘述。这样，当网络设备与终端设备之间需要传输多个数据时，终端设备可据此确定每个数据的生成时刻与发送时刻之间的关联关系。
可选的，DCI-2包括用于指示为第一数据分配的资源的信息。
S806：终端设备在时刻T b向网络设备发送第一数据。
其中，S806的具体内容可参考S302，此处不再赘述。
可选的，当网络设备在初传时刻未接收到第一数据或者对第一数据译码失败，网络设备可通过S705-S706的方式指示终端设备重传第一数据。
可选的，在接收到第一数据后，网络设备可根据第一数据训练AI模型。网络设备训练AI模型的具体方式，本申请不做限制。
通过图8所示方法，网络设备可确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中，该方法为图3所示方法的又一种可能的实例。下面参阅图9所示的流程图，以第一装置为终端设 备，第二装置为网络设备为例，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。
S901：终端设备向网络设备发送第一辅助信息，相应地，网络设备接收该第一辅助信息。
其中，S901为可选的步骤。S901的具体内容可参考步骤S701，此处不再赘述。
S902：网络设备向终端设备发送第一配置信息，相应地，终端设备接收该第一配置信息。
其中，该第一配置信息包括用于确定第一时间范围的信息和用于确定第二时间范围的信息。第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围。用于确定第一时间范围的信息和用于确定第二时间范围的信息的具体内容可参考S301，此处不再赘述。
可选的，该第一配置信息可为网络设备为终端设备预配置的信息。例如，当训练数据的生成时刻由环境确定或者由终端设备自行确定时，网络设备可为终端设备预先配置用于生成数据的时间范围和用于发送数据的时间范围。
S903：终端设备在时刻T a生成第一数据。
其中，时刻T a属于第一时间范围。例如，如图10A所示，第一时间范围为图10A中两条虚线之间的范围，终端设备在该范围内生成数据即可。示例性的，终端设备从该范围中选择一个时刻作为时刻T a。
S904：终端设备在时刻T b发送第一数据。
其中，时刻T b属于第二时间范围。例如，如图10B所示，第二时间范围为图10B中两条虚线之间的范围，若在第二时间范围内，网络设备为终端设备配置了用于传输第一数据的资源，则终端设备可在该资源上发送第一数据，该资源对应的时刻可为时刻T b。
可选的，若第二时间范围内没有用于数据传输的资源，终端设备可请求网络设备为第一数据分配资源，具体内容可参考步骤A1-A2，此处不再赘述。
可选的，在接收到第一数据后，网络设备可根据第一数据训练AI模型。网络设备训练AI模型的具体方式，本申请不做限制。
通过图9所示方法，网络设备可为终端设备设置生成数据的第一时间范围和发送数据的第二时间范围。这样，终端设备可在第一时间范围内生成数据，在第二时间范围内发送数据。网络设备可通过控制第一时间范围和第二时间范围来控制数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中，该方法为图4所示方法的一种可能的实例。下面参阅图11所示的流程图，以第一装置为终端设备，第二装置为网络设备为例，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。在该方法中，网络设备可确定数据的发送资源，终端设备可自行确定数据的生成时刻或根据环境确定数据的生成时刻。
S1101：终端设备向网络设备发送第一辅助信息，相应地，网络设备接收该第一辅助信息。
其中，S1101为可选的步骤。S1101的具体内容可参考步骤S701，此处不再赘述。
S1102：终端设备在时刻T a生成第一数据。
其中，终端设备可自行确定数据的生成时刻为时刻T a或根据环境确定数据的生成时刻为时刻T a。例如，训练数据为环境中的温度或湿度信息，当温度或湿度变化时，终端设备 可通过传感器自动采集训练数据。又例如，当终端设备处于节能状态时，终端设备可按照设定的间隔采集数据。从而达到节能的目的。
S1103：终端设备向网络设备发送BSR，相应地，网络设备接收该BSR。
其中，BSR可包括第二信息，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的时刻T a。
S1103的具体内容可参考S401中对第一装置向第二装置发送第二信息的说明，此处不再赘述。
本申请对S1101和S1102-S1103的执行顺序不作限定。
S1104：网络设备向终端设备发送DCI-1，相应地，终端设备接收该DCI-1。
其中，DCI-1用于确定发送第一数据的时刻T b。DCI-1用于确定时刻T b的具体方式可参考S301中第一信息用于确定第二时刻的方式，此处不再赘述。
可选的，DCI-1中包含用于指示第一时刻的信息，这样，终端设备可将第一数据的发送时刻与生成时刻进行关联，换句话时，第一数据的发送时刻和生成时刻之间存在关联关系。当终端设备需要向终端设备发送多个数据时，终端设备可根据网络设备的指示确定每个发送时刻对应的生成时刻，从而可在正确的时刻发送每个数据。
S1105：终端设备在时刻T b向网络设备发送第一数据。
其中，S1105的具体内容可参考S302，此处不再赘述。
S1106：当网络设备在初传时刻未接收到第一数据或者对第一数据译码失败，则网络设备向终端设备发送DCI-3。
其中，DCI-3用于确定发送第一数据的时刻T c。
S1107：终端设备在时刻T c向网络设备发送第一数据。
其中，S1106-S1107的具体内容可参考S705-S706，此处不再赘述。
S1106-S1107为可选的步骤。
可选的，在接收到第一数据后，网络设备可根据第一数据训练AI模型。网络设备训练AI模型的具体方式，本申请不做限制。
通过图11所示方法，网络设备可根据数据的生成时刻确定数据的发送时刻，从而可控制数据的所经历的时间，进而提高数据的实时性。
本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法，该方法可应用于图1所示的通信系统中，该方法为图6所示方法的一种可能的实例。下面参阅图12所示的流程图，以第一装置为终端设备1，第二装置为网络设备，第三装置为终端设备2为例，对该方法的流程进行具体说明。
S1201：终端设备2向终端设备1发送第二辅助信息，相应地，终端设备1接收该第二辅助信息。
其中，S1201的具体内容可参考S601a，此处不再赘述。
S1202：网络设备向终端设备1发送网络设备的计算信息，相应地，终端设备1接收该计算信息。
其中，S1202的具体内容可参考S601b，此处不再赘述。
本申请对S1201和S1202的执行顺序不限。
S1203：终端设备1在时刻T a生成第一数据。
其中，终端设备1确定时刻T a的方式可参考S602中第一装置确定第一时刻的方式，此处不再赘述。
S1204：网络设备向终端设备1发送第二配置信息，相应地，终端设备1接收该第二配置信息。
其中，该第二配置信息包括用于确定第二时间范围的信息。第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围。用于确定第二时间范围的信息的具体内容可参考S301，此处不再赘述。
可选的，该第二配置信息可为网络设备为终端设备1预配置的信息。例如，当训练数据的生成时刻由环境确定或者由终端设备1自行确定时，网络设备可为终端设备1预先配置用于发送数据的时间范围。
本申请对S1201-S1203和S1204的执行顺序不限。
S1205：终端设备1在时刻T b发送第一数据。
S1205的具体内容可参考S904，此处不再赘述。
可选的，在接收到第一数据后，网络设备可根据第一数据训练AI模型。网络设备训练AI模型的具体方式，本申请不做限制。
通过图12所示方法，第一装置可合理确定数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而提高数据传输的实时性。
基于与图3至图12方法实施例相同的技术构思，本申请实施例通过图13提供了一种通信装置，可用于执行上述方法实施例中相关步骤的功能。所述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过软件或者硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。该通信装置的结构如图13所示，包括通信单元1301和处理单元1302。所述通信装置1300可以应用于图1所示的通信系统中的网络设备或终端设备，并可以实现以上本申请实施例以及实例提供的通信方法。下面对所述通信装置1300中的各个单元的功能进行介绍。
所述通信单元1301，用于接收和发送数据。所述通信单元1301可以通过收发器实现，例如，移动通信模块。其中，移动通信模块可以包括至少一个天线，还可以包括至少一个滤波器，开关，功率放大器，低噪声放大器(low noise amplifier，LNA)等。所述通信单元1301还可以通过输入输出接口实现。
所述处理单元1302可用于支持所述通信装置1300执行上述方法实施例中的处理动作。所述处理单元1302可以是通过处理器实现。例如，所述处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)、基带处理器，还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。
在一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图3所示的第一装置，或者应用于图7-图9任一项所示的本申请实施例中的终端设备。下面对该实施方式中的所述处理单元1302的具体功能进行介绍。
所述处理单元1302，用于：通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第二装置的第一信息，第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻；通过所述通信单元1301在第二时刻，发送第一数据。
可选的，第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第一时间间隔，第二时刻与第一 参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第二时间间隔，第一参考时刻是根据第一信息确定的。
可选的，第一参考时刻为第一信息的接收时刻，或者第一信息包括第一参考时刻。
可选的，第一时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第一时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或，第二时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第二时间间隔为预先定义的。
可选的，第一信息包括：第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第二装置的第四信息，第四信息用于指示第一数据的大小。
可选的，第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息。
可选的，第五信息包括在第一消息中，第六信息包括在第二消息中，第一消息和第二消息之间存在关联关系。
可选的，第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围；第一时刻属于第一时间范围，第二时刻属于第二时间范围。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301向第二装置发送第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：根据第一信息，优先复用第一数据对应的逻辑信道。
在另一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图4所示的第一装置，或者应用于图11所示的本申请实施例中的终端设备。下面对该实施方式中的所述处理单元1302的具体功能进行介绍。
所述处理单元1302，用于：通过所述通信单元1301向第二装置发送第二信息，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻；通过所述通信单元1301在第二时刻，发送第一数据。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第二装置的第三信息，第三信息用于确定第二时刻，第二时刻根据第二信息指示的第一时刻确定。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301向第二装置发送第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：根据第一信息，优先复用第一数据对应的逻辑信道。
在又一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图3所示的第二装置，或者应用于图7-图9任一项所示的本申请实施例中的网络设备。下面对该实施方式中的所述处理单元1302的具体功能进行介绍。
所述处理单元1302，用于：通过所述通信单元1301向第一装置发送第一信息，第一 信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻；通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第一装置的第一数据。
可选的，第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第一时间间隔，第二时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第二时间间隔，第一参考时刻是根据第一信息确定的。
可选的，第一参考时刻为第一信息的发送时刻，或者第一信息包括第一参考时刻。
可选的，第一时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第一时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或第二时间间隔包括在第一信息中，或者第二时间间隔为预先定义的。
可选的，第一信息包括：第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301向第一装置发送第四信息，第四信息用于指示第一数据的大小。
可选的，第一信息包括用于确定第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定第二时刻的第六信息。
可选的，第五信息包括在第一消息中，第六信息包括在第二消息中，第一消息和第二消息之间存在关联关系。
可选的，第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围；第一时刻属于第一时间范围，第二时刻属于第二时间范围。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第一装置的第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销。
在再一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图4所示的第二装置，或者应用于图11所示的本申请实施例中的网络设备。下面对该实施方式中的所述处理单元1302的具体功能进行介绍。
所述处理单元1302，用于：通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第一装置的第二信息，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻；通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第一装置的第一数据。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301向第一装置发送第三信息，第三信息用于确定发送第一数据的第二时刻，第二时刻根据第二信息指示的第一时刻确定。
可选的，所述处理单元1302具体用于：通过所述通信单元1301接收来自第一装置的第一辅助信息，第一辅助信息用于确定第一时刻和/或第二时刻。
可选的，第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：第一装置的能量状态，第一装置的采样开销。
需要说明的是，本申请以上实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式 实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
基于相同的技术构思，本申请实施例通过图14所示提供了一种通信装置，可用于执行上述方法实施例中相关的步骤。所述通信装置可以应用于图1所示的通信系统中的网络设备或终端设备，可以实现以上本申请实施例以及实例提供的通信方法，具有图13所示的通信装置的功能。参阅图14所示，所述通信装置1400包括：处理器1402。可选的，所述通信装置1400还包括：收发器1401以及存储器1403。其中，所述收发器1401、所述处理器1402以及所述存储器1403之间相互连接。
可选的，所述收发器1401、所述处理器1402以及所述存储器1403之间通过总线1404相互连接。所述总线1404可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect，PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture，EISA)总线等。所述总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，图14中仅用一条粗线表示，但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
所述收发器1401，用于接收和发送数据，实现与其他设备之间的通信交互。例如，所述收发器1401可以通过物理接口、通信模块、通信接口、输入输出接口实现。
所述处理器1402可用于支持所述通信装置1400执行上述方法实施例中的处理动作。当所述通信装置1400用于实现上述方法实施例时，处理器1402还可用于实现上述处理单元1302的功能。所述处理器1402可以是CPU，还可以是其它通用处理器、DSP、ASIC、FPGA或者其它可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件，硬件部件或者其任意组合。通用处理器可以是微处理器，也可以是任何常规的处理器。
在一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图3所示的第一装置，或者应用于图7-图9任一项所示的本申请实施例中的终端设备。所述处理器1402具体用于：通过所述收发器1401接收来自第二装置的第一信息，第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻；通过所述收发器1401在第二时刻，发送第一数据。
在另一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图4所示的第一装置，或者应用于图11所示的本申请实施例中的终端设备。所述处理器1402具体用于：通过所述收发器1401向第二装置发送第二信息，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻；通过所述收发器1401在第二时刻，发送第一数据。
在又一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图3所示的第二装置，或者应用于图7-图9任一项所示的本申请实施例中的网络设备。所述处理器1402具体用于：通过所述收发器1401向第一装置发送第一信息，第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻；通过所述收发器1401接收来自第一装置的第一数据。
在再一种实施方式中，所述通信装置1300应用于图4所示的第二装置，或者应用于图11所示的本申请实施例中的网络设备。所述处理器1402具体用于：通过所述收发器1401接收来自第一装置的第二信息，第二信息用于指示第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻；通过所述收发器1401接收来自第一装置的第一数据。
所述处理器1402的具体功能可以参考以上本申请实施例以及实例提供的通信方法中的描述，以及图13所示本申请实施例中对所述通信装置1300的具体功能描述，此处不再赘述。
所述存储器1403，用于存放程序指令和数据等。具体地，程序指令可以包括程序代码，该程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器1403可能包含RAM，也可能还包括非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory)，例如至少一个磁盘存储器。处理器1402执行存储器1403所存放的程序指令，并使用所述存储器1403中存储的数据，实现上述功能，从而实现上述本申请实施例提供的通信方法。
可以理解，本申请图14中的存储器1403可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是ROM、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是RAM，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行以上实施例提供的方法。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被计算机执行时，使得计算机执行以上实施例提供的方法。
其中，存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。以此为例但不限于：计算机可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片，所述芯片用于读取存储器中存储的计算机程序，实现以上实施例提供的方法。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，用于支持计算机装置实现以上实施例中各设备所涉及的功能。在一种可能的设计中，所述芯片系统还包括存储器，所述存储器用于保存该计算机装置必要的程序和数据。该芯片系统，可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供了一种通信方法及装置，在该方法中，第二装置向第一 装置发送第一信息，该第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送第一数据的第二时刻。然后，第一装置可在第二时刻发送在第一时刻生成的第一数据。通过该方法，第二装置指示第一装置数据的生成时刻和发送时刻，从而可控制数据经历的时间，进而可提高数据传输的实时性。
在本申请的各个实施例中，如果没有特殊说明以及逻辑冲突，不同的实施例之间的术语和/或描述具有一致性、且可以相互引用，不同的实施例中的技术特征根据其内在的逻辑关系可以组合形成新的实施例。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一装置接收来自第二装置的第一信息，所述第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送所述第一数据的第二时刻；
    在所述第二时刻，发送所述第一数据。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第一时间间隔，所述第二时刻与所述第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第二时间间隔，所述第一参考时刻是根据所述第一信息确定的。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一参考时刻为所述第一信息的接收时刻，或者所述第一信息包括所述第一参考时刻。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时间间隔包括在所述第一信息中，或者所述第一时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或
    所述第二时间间隔包括在所述第一信息中，或者所述第二时间间隔为预先定义的。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息包括：所述第一时刻和/或所述第二时刻。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收来自所述第二装置的第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一数据的大小。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息包括用于确定所述第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定所述第二时刻的第六信息，所述第五信息包括在第一消息中，所述第六信息包括在第二消息中，所述第一消息和所述第二消息之间存在关联关系。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，所述第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，所述第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围；
    所述第一时刻属于所述第一时间范围，所述第二时刻属于所述第二时间范围。
  9. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一装置向第二装置发送第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻；
    在第二时刻，发送所述第一数据。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    接收来自所述第二装置的第三信息，所述第三信息用于确定所述第二时刻，所述第二时刻根据所述第二信息指示的所述第一时刻确定。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    向所述第二装置发送第一辅助信息，所述第一辅助信息用于确定所述第一时刻和/或所述第二时刻。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：所述第一装置的能量状态，所述第一装置的采样开销，所述第一装置的计算资源的容量。
  13. 如权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送所述第一数据，包括：
    根据所述第一信息，优先复用所述第一数据对应的逻辑信道。
  14. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二装置向第一装置发送第一信息，所述第一信息用于确定生成第一数据的第一时刻和发送所述第一数据的第二时刻；
    接收来自所述第一装置的所述第一数据。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时刻与第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第一时间间隔，所述第二时刻与所述第一参考时刻之间的时间间隔为第二时间间隔，所述第一参考时刻是根据所述第一信息确定的。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一参考时刻为所述第一信息的发送时刻，或者所述第一信息包括所述第一参考时刻。
  17. 如权利要求15或16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时间间隔包括在所述第一信息中，或者所述第一时间间隔为预先定义的；和/或
    所述第二时间间隔包括在所述第一信息中，或者所述第二时间间隔为预先定义的。
  18. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息包括：所述第一时刻和/或所述第二时刻。
  19. 如权利要求14-18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    向所述第一装置发送第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一数据的大小。
  20. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息包括用于确定所述第一时刻的第五信息以及用于确定所述第二时刻的第六信息，所述第五信息包括在第一消息中，所述第六信息包括在第二消息中，所述第一消息和所述第二消息之间存在关联关系。
  21. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息包括：用于确定第一时间范围的信息和/或用于确定第二时间范围的信息，所述第一时间范围为用于生成数据的时间范围，所述第二时间范围为用于发送数据的时间范围；
    所述第一时刻属于所述第一时间范围，所述第二时刻属于所述第二时间范围。
  22. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二装置接收来自第一装置的第二信息，所述第二信息用于指示所述第一装置生成第一数据的第一时刻；
    接收来自所述第一装置的所述第一数据。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    向所述第一装置发送第三信息，所述第三信息用于确定发送所述第一数据的第二时刻，所述第二时刻根据所述第二信息指示的所述第一时刻确定。
  24. 如权利要求14-23任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    接收来自所述第一装置的第一辅助信息，所述第一辅助信息用于确定所述第一时刻和/或所述第二时刻。
  25. 如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一辅助信息包括以下至少一项：所述第一装置的能量状态，所述第一装置的采样开销，所述第一装置的计算资源的容量。
  26. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    通信单元，用于接收和发送数据；
    处理单元，用于通过所述通信单元，执行如权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法。
  27. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：
    通信单元，用于接收和发送数据；
    处理单元，用于通过所述通信单元，执行如权利要求14-25任一项所述的方法。
  28. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，所述处理器与存储有指令的存储器耦合，所述指令在被所述处理器执行时，使得所述通信装置执行根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法。
  29. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理器，所述处理器与存储有指令的存储器耦合，所述指令在被所述处理器执行时，使得所述通信装置执行根据权利要求14至25中任一项所述的方法。
  30. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1-25任一项所述的方法。
  31. 一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，其特征在于，当其在计算机上运行时，使得如权利要求1-25任一项所述的方法被执行。
  32. 一种芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片与存储器耦合，所述芯片读取所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，执行如权利要求1-25任一项所述的方法。
  33. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求26所述的通信装置以及权利要求27所述的通信装置。
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JP2022131042A (ja) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-07 国立大学法人愛媛大学 学習システム、推論システム、学習方法、コンピュータプログラム、学習済モデル、および筆記具
CN113128117A (zh) * 2021-04-20 2021-07-16 河南能创电子科技有限公司 基于ai人工神经网络的研究的低压集抄运维仿真装置

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