WO2024107568A1 - Pénétromètre hélicoïdal géotechnique pour mesurer des propriétés d'ingénierie de sédiments - Google Patents

Pénétromètre hélicoïdal géotechnique pour mesurer des propriétés d'ingénierie de sédiments Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024107568A1
WO2024107568A1 PCT/US2023/079028 US2023079028W WO2024107568A1 WO 2024107568 A1 WO2024107568 A1 WO 2024107568A1 US 2023079028 W US2023079028 W US 2023079028W WO 2024107568 A1 WO2024107568 A1 WO 2024107568A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
helical
penetrometer
plate body
leading
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/079028
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Melissa E. LANDON
Richard H. Akers
Original Assignee
Stationkeep Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stationkeep Llc filed Critical Stationkeep Llc
Publication of WO2024107568A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024107568A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
    • E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices and test equipment used to evaluate material properties of sediments or soils (terrestrial, marine, riverine, and lacustrine), particularly geotechnical and hydraulic properties used for engineering design of anchors, foundations, walls, and other infrastructure features.
  • sediment will be used to define terrestrial and underwater geologic materials, including soil.
  • CPT Cone Penetrometer Testing
  • ASTM D5778 Standard Test Method for Electronic Friction Cone and Piezocone Penetration Testing of Soils.
  • the CPT is used to measure near-continuous resistance of a sediment to penetration of an instrumented rod with a cone-shaped tip that is pushed into a sediment deposit at a constant rate, where forces on the faces of the cone and on a sleeve along the circumference of the rod behind the cone are recorded with penetration depth.
  • the CPT device includes an additional pore water pressure sensor at one or several positions on or behind the cone, which measures penetration- induced water pressure as the rod is pushed into a sediment.
  • Helical anchors are a type of anchor used in onshore and offshore tension and compression foundations and anchors. Helical anchors include one or more helical plates attached to a center shaft (rod or tube). The helical anchor is installed into a sediment by applying a combination of vertical downforce and rotational torque.
  • Design of helical anchors includes the required number of helical plates, diameter(s) of the helical plates, and installation depth of the plates for a given loading and soil type.
  • engineering properties are required to appropriately size the anchor for a given loading for a given sediment.
  • Engineering properties may be determined using correlations to the CPT or other in situ test or direct measurements of properties from laboratory testing of collected sediment samples. Once the engineering properties are known, helical anchors can be designed and sized, and then installed.
  • an in-situ sediment testing tool that combines the rotational installation of helical anchors with instruments such as force and pressure sensors of a CPT system. Instruments are included that measure normal forces on the leading edge of a helical plate, friction, or shear force on the faces of the helical plate, and optional pore water pressure measurements at the helical plate.
  • the helical test tool is installed at specific rates of rotation and vertical penetration to standardize the use of the tool for helical anchor design for a wide range of sizes, loads, and sediment types and conditions.
  • a Helical Penetrometer of the present invention is an instrumented in situ probe that can be installed into a sediment deposit to a desired depth below the sediment surface that is used to measure, infer, or be correlated to, sediment engineering properties.
  • the Helical Penetrometer is derived from the shape and construction of a conventional helical anchor, including a shaft or rod supporting a helical blade.
  • the Helical Penetrometer is installed into the sediment deposit similarly to how a helical anchor is installed; it is pushed vertically into a sediment deposit and rotated so that the helical plate screws into the sediment deposit.
  • the Helical Penetrometer is fitted with instruments on the helical plate that measure compression, tension, and shear forces, and hydraulic pressure in the sediment pores that develops during the penetrometer’s installation.
  • instruments may be retained in the helical plate body and/or the leading-edge body. These instruments may be, but are not limited to, pressure sensors, electrical sensors, strain gauges, fiber optic sensors, electronic pressure sensors, and other such instruments.
  • the total force on the leading edge of the Helical Penetrometer plate and the frictional (e.g., shear) forces on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate are measured by electrical strain gauges.
  • An optional filter on the edge of the helical plate allows hydraulic pore pressure to be transmitted to an instrument such as an electrical pressure sensor.
  • the force and pressure measurements from the Helical Penetrometer instruments are either stored in a Signal Conditioner for later retrieval or are transmitted to a control system and data acquisition system either by wires or an optical link.
  • the overall length of the Helical Penetrometer instrumented lead section is limited for convenience.
  • Industry standard extension shafts allow a helical anchor to reach the desired depth within the sediment profde.
  • Square or round end connections on the Helical Penetrometer allow it to be mated with standard extension shafts.
  • the standard extension shafts may be hollow to allow wired or fiber optic cable connections to one another and to the Helical Penetrometer lead section to transmit data to the surface.
  • the shaft and extensions lock together to support reversing the torque direction to remove the Helical Penetrometer from the sediment by reversing the direction of rotation and applying a vertical uplift force (opposite the installation).
  • FIG. 1 The Helical Penetrometer assembly of the present invention, partially embedded in sediment; elevation view.
  • FIG. 2 Hollow shaft with square head, partly cut away for clarity; elevation view.
  • FIG. 3 Commercial square shaft connector, isometric view.
  • FIG. 4 Hollow shaft with round head, partly cut away for clarity; elevation view.
  • FIG. 5 Commercial Round Rod Connector, isometric view.
  • FIG. 6 Leading-Edge Body, showing geometry of leading-edge surfaces; elevation view.
  • FIG. 7 Cutaway view of Leading-Edge Body, showing change in wedge angle based on radius from Shaft centerline; cross-section view.
  • FIG. 8 Detail, Helical Plate Body and Leading-Edge Body showing Strain Gage Wire Channel for strain gage wires, threaded holes in Tongue, and Fasteners; transparent plan view.
  • FIG. 9 Leading-Edge Body to show attachment Tongue on Leading-Edge and Threaded Fastener Holes; rear elevation view.
  • FIG. 10 Leading-Edge Body showing Tang fit into the Channel of the Helical Plate Body; crosssection view.
  • FIG. 11 Helical Plate Body; isotropic view.
  • FIG. 12 Helical Plate Body rotated to show opening for Leading-Edge; elevation view.
  • FIG. 13 Helical Plate Body rotated to show Body Threaded Fastener Holes and Pressure Sensor Cartridge Hole; elevation view.
  • FIG. 14 Upper and Lower Plate Sleeve assembly; isotropic view.
  • FIG. 15 Upper and Lower Plate Sleeves before assembly; isotropic view.
  • FIG. 16 Upper and Lower Plate Sleeve assembly with sleeves locked together; elevation view.
  • FIG. 17 Pressure Sensor Cartridge, side elevation view.
  • FIG. 18 Pressure Sensor Cartridge; cutaway view to show Porous Filter and Pressure Sensor, crosssection view.
  • FIG. 19 Pressure Sensor Cartridge showing Porous Filter in center of Pressure Cartridge End Cap; isometric view.
  • FIG. 20 Signal Conditioner; isometric view.
  • FIG. 21 Signal Conditioner shown mounted inside a cutaway Shaft; elevation view.
  • FIG. 22 Signal Conditioner shown inside transparent Shaft; transparent view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a Helical Penetrometer [300] of the present invention comprising an assembly including a Helical Plate Body [170] and a Leading-Edge Body [40],
  • the Helical Plate Body [170] is affixed to a round or square Shaft [10]
  • the Leading-Edge Body [40] has a sharp Leading-Edge which penetrates sediment layers as the device is screwed into the sediment with combined rotation and vertical push.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the Shaft [10] with an industry standard square connector that could be used in the Helical Penetrometer [300], An isometric view of the Shaft [10] with a square connector is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the Shaft [10] can have a cavity to package circuitry. Additionally, the Shaft [10] may be configured to allow data communication using wires or fiber optic connections.
  • the Shaft [10] will have Strain Gage Wire Holes [20] and an optional Pressure Sensor Cartridge Wire Hole [25], A standard Coupling [15] at the upper end of the Shaft [10] is used for connection of an Extension Rod [5], The connection is made using bolts installed through Coupler Bolt Holes [30] on the standard Coupling [15] to connect to the base of the Extension Rod [5], Each Extension Rod [5] may be equipped with the standard Coupling [15] and the Coupler Bolt Holes [30] for a bolted connection to an additional Extension Rod [5a],
  • the Shaft [10] can be fabricated from square or cylindrical steel tubing to resist bending and buckling during installation.
  • the Shaft [10] also could be made of a composite material such as fiber-reinforced plastic or metal.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the Shaft [10] with an alternate industry standard round connector. An isometric view of this type of connector is in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the Leading-Edge Body [40] including a Penetration Wedge [70] and a Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45], As shown in detail in FIG.7, the Leading-Edge Body [40] has the Penetration Wedge [70] with a fixed angle between a Penetration Wedge Upper Surface [75] and a Penetration Wedge Lower Surface [80], In an embodiment, this angle is a constant angle of about 60 degrees.
  • a Penetration Wedge Centerline [85] twists from its outer radius to its inner radius, staying aligned with the mid-plane spiral at that radius of a Helical Plate Body [170], and the angles of the Penetration Wedge Upper Surface [75] and Penetration Wedge Lower Surface [80] change along with the twisting Penetration Wedge Centerline [85],
  • the spacing between the trailing edge of the Penetration Wedge Upper Surface [75] and the trailing edge of the Penetration Wedge Lower Surface [80] is the same as the thickness of the Helical Plate Body [170]
  • the Leading-Edge Body [40] can be fabricated from a corrosion-resistant tool steel or from hot-rolled low carbon steel or plate. This fabrication can be accomplished by numerical controlled machining or by additive manufacturing.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the assembly of the Helical Penetrometer [300] made from the Leading- Edge Body [40] and the Helical Plate Body [170],
  • the Leading-Edge Body [40] is connected to the Helical Plate Body [170] by the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45],
  • the force on the Penetration Wedge [70] from cutting into sediment is transmitted through the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45] to Helical Plate Body Connecting Tang [50], and then to the Helical Plate Body [170],
  • This force creates strain in the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45] which is measured by an instrument such as a Strain Gage [60] on the upper surface, lower surface, or both of the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45]
  • the Helical Plate Body [170] may be equipped to retain one or more of the instruments and the Leading-Edge Body [40] may be equipped to retain one or more of the instruments.
  • the instrument in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is the Strain Gauge [60], Wires from the Strain Gage [60] are passed through a Strain Gage Wire Channel [65] to the electronics or cables in the Shaft [10],
  • the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45] is equipped with Threaded Fastener Holes [55] for connecting to the Helical Plate Body [170]
  • the Leading- Edge Body Tongue [45] may be affixed permanently to the Helical Plate Body [170] by one or more Threaded Fasteners [90] so that the full assembly remains connected with the Helical Penetrometer [300],
  • the Threaded Fasteners [90] are located close to the Helical Plate Body Connecting Tang [50] surface, so most of the compressive stress on the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45] is transmitted on stress lines to the Helical Plate Body [170] at the Helical Plate Body Connecting Tang [
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the Helical Plate Body Connecting Tang [50] shape located at the trailing surfaces of the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45], As illustrated in FIG. 10, the Helical Plate Body Connecting Tang [50] surface is shaped to match a Leading-Edge Block Channel [185] in the Helical Plate Body [170], FIG. 10 also illustrates an optional Gasket [100], intended to keep sediment from entering the cavity between Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140] and the Leading-Edge Body [40], This Gasket [100] is intended to limit debris moving into the Helical Penetrometer [300] assembly and so it may not be watertight.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the main Helical Plate Body [170], This includes a split helix-shaped plate with Body Sleeve Ball Channels [175] for the Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140] edges to fit into and with the Leading-Edge Block Channel [185] to position the Leading- Edge Body [40],
  • a Shaft Plate Cutout [195] fits the support Shaft [10]
  • the Shaft Plate Cutout [195] substantially matches the dimension and shape (round or square) of the Shaft [10], Upper Sleeve Wire Hole [200] and Leading-Edge Wire Hole [205] in the Helical Plate Body [170] are substantially aligned with the corresponding Strain Gage Wire Holes [20] and Pressure Sensor Cartridge Wire Hole [25] in the Shaft [10],
  • the Helical Plate Body [170] may be made of tool steel, hot-rolled, low-carbon steel, or a high-performance composite material.
  • Helical Plate Body [170] is steel, it can be welded to the Shaft [10], If the Helical Plate Body [170] is composite, it can be attached to the Shaft [10] with other attachment means including, but not limited to, an adhesive material.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates the Leading-Edge Block Opening [180] provided in the Helical Plate Body [170] for the Leading-Edge Body [40] as well as the Trailing Edge [215] that is similarly shaped to the Leading-Edge Body [40], Penetration Wedge Upper Surface [75], and Penetration Wedge Lower Surface [80],
  • force measurements can be limited to the outer radii of the Helical Penetrometer [300] or can be collected from a broader band at the leading edge of the Helical Penetrometer [300], This allows the device to be optimized for different sediment conditions.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a side view of the Helical Plate Body [170] located so that the Body Threaded Fastener Holes [190] for the Threaded Fasteners [90] for the Leading-Edge Body [40] and a Pressure Sensor Hole [220] for a Pressure Sensor Assembly [250],
  • the Pressure Sensor Hole [220] passes straight into the Helical -Plate Body [170] and the wires for the Pressure Sensor Assembly [250] pass through the Helical-Plate Body [170] into the Shaft [10],
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a sleeve assembly including the Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and the Lower Plate Sleeve [140], This assembly fits over the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45] of the Leading- Edge Body [40], The Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140] capture shear forces created by the outer surfaces of the Helical Plate Body [170], converting those forces to strain in the Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140], The Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140] are not rigidly fixed in the Helical Penetrometer [300], but rather are captured by locking features in their shape.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates details of the Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140], A Lower Plate Sleeve Ball Extrusion Sleeve Lock [150] locks into the Upper Plate Sleeve Ball Channel Sleeve Lock [120] to keep the two sleeves together.
  • FIG. 15 also illustrates Lower Plate Sleeve Strain Gage [145] mounted on the inside surface of the Lower Plate Sleeve [140], The Lower Plate Sleeve Strain Gage [145] measures the shear strain in the Lower Plate Sleeve [140] as the Helical Penetrometer [300] is installed in the soil. Threaded Fastener Access Holes [130] permit the retaining Threaded Fasteners [90] to be installed through the Helical Plate Body [170], attaching the Leading-Edge Body [40] to the Helical Plate Body [170],
  • FIG. 16 illustrates the Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140] locked together with the mounted Upper Plate Sleeve Strain Gage [115] used to capture shear strain in the Upper Plate Sleeve [110], Thin wires from the Upper Plate Sleeve Strain Gage [115] and Lower Plate Sleeve Strain Gage [145] are routed between the Leading-Edge Body Tongue [45] and the Upper Plate Sleeve [110] and Lower Plate Sleeve [140] and pass into the Upper Plate Wire Hole [200] in the Helical Plate Body [170], through the Strain Gage Wire Holes [20] in the Shaft [10], to electronics or distribution wiring.
  • the Helical Penetrometer [300] may be equipped with an optional Pressure Sensor Assembly [250] that measures pore water pressure in the sediment pores during advance of the Penetration Wedge [70] and when the Helical Penetrometer [300] is stationary at depth.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates one possible embodiment of the Pressure Sensor Assembly [250] that includes a solid-state Pressure Sensor [270] and a Porous Filter [255] saturated with an incompressible fluid. The space between the Porous Filter [255] and the Pressure Sensor [270] is filled with the incompressible fluid so that external sediment pressure is transferred to the Pressure Sensor [270] active surface.
  • FIG. 18 shows the Pressure Sensor Assembly [250] installed in the side of the Helical Plate Body [170],
  • the Pressure Sensor [270] is screwed into the Helical Plate Body [170] and sealed with Pressure Sensor O-Ring [275],
  • Pressure Sensor Cable [355] transmits signals from the Pressure Sensor [270] through the Pore Pressure Assembly Wire Hole [225] in the Helical Plate Body [170], then through the Pressure Sensor Assembly Wire Hole [225] in the Shaft [10], and finally to a cable or to Signal Conditioner [320] electronics.
  • FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 show how the Porous Filter [255] is held in place and pressed against the Pressure Sensor [270] by one or more Filter Retaining Clips [265], These clips are attached to the Helical Plate Body [170] by a multitude of threaded Filter Fasteners [260], Before use, the Porous Filter [255] is saturated with the incompressible fluid and degassed by placing the Filter [255] in a vacuum. Pressure Sensor Filter Hole [220] is filled with the same incompressible fluid, including any space around the Pressure Sensor [270] itself. The Porous Filter is pushed into the incompressible fluid and held in place by Filter Fasteners [260] and Filter Retaining Clips [265],
  • wires from the multiple Strain Gages [60, 115, 145] and Pressure Sensor Assembly [250] can be passed through the Shaft [10] and one or more Extension Rods [5] directly to an external data acquisition system.
  • Instrument wires can connect to an optional Signal Conditioner [320] in the hollow shaft and data can be stored in the Signal Conditioner [320],
  • the Signal Conditioner [320] can include an optional Transmitter [330] to transmit real-time data to an external data acquisition system.
  • FIG. 20 shows an optional Signal Conditioner [320] and amplifier module that can be mounted inside the Shaft [10],
  • the Signal Conditioner [320] may include interface circuitry for the Strain Gages [60] and for the optional Pressure Sensor Assembly [250], Data from the various instruments associated with the Helical Penetrometer [300] may be combined into a single data stream and transmitted via a Transmitter [330] which may include an electronic driver or photo-optical driver.
  • a Battery [325] can be packaged with the Signal Conditioner [320] to augment external power provided through the Shaft [10] and Extension Rods [5],
  • FIG. 21 shows the Signal Conditioner [320] and optional Uplink Cable [335] packaged in the hollow center of the Shaft [10],
  • the Uplink Cable [335] may be a photo-optical segment or wires and an Extension Connector [340] will connect this cable to another one in an industry standard extension such as Extension Rod [5],
  • the Uplink Cable [335] will be connected to an external data acquisition system.
  • FIG. 22 is an isometric view of the Signal Conditioner [320] and Uplink Cable [335] packaged in the hollow center of the Shaft [10], In this view the Sleeve Strain Gage Wires [345], Leading Edge Strain Gage Wires [350], and Pressure Sensor Cable [355] are shown attached to the Signal Conditioner [320],

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un pénétromètre hélicoïdal utilisé pour mesurer des propriétés de sédiments et de sols. Le dispositif est inséré verticalement dans le sédiment ou le sol et mis en rotation de telle sorte qu'une plaque hélicoïdale se visse dans le sol. La plaque hélicoïdale est équipée de divers instruments comprenant des capteurs, tels que des capteurs de pression, des capteurs électriques, des jauges de contrainte et d'autres instruments. Les instruments de la présente invention sont utilisés pour mesurer la compression, la tension, les forces de cisaillement et la pression hydraulique dans des sédiments et des sols, tous pouvant être utilisés pour évaluer des propriétés de matériau.
PCT/US2023/079028 2022-11-14 2023-11-08 Pénétromètre hélicoïdal géotechnique pour mesurer des propriétés d'ingénierie de sédiments WO2024107568A1 (fr)

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US63/425,170 2022-11-14

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6553852B1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2003-04-29 Westinghouse Savannah River Company, L.L.C. Apparatus and process for an off-surface cone penetrometer sensor
US20080276716A1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2008-11-13 Health Science Technology Transfer Center, Japan Health Sciences Foundation Penetration-type pipe strain gauge
WO2019245367A1 (fr) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 Sensoterra B.v. Sonde de détection permettant de détecter un paramètre du sol à une certaine profondeur et procédés de placement et d'utilisation d'une telle sonde
US20210051867A1 (en) * 2015-12-03 2021-02-25 Cropx Technologies, Ltd. Sensor soil assembly

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6553852B1 (en) * 1999-10-22 2003-04-29 Westinghouse Savannah River Company, L.L.C. Apparatus and process for an off-surface cone penetrometer sensor
US20080276716A1 (en) * 2006-01-18 2008-11-13 Health Science Technology Transfer Center, Japan Health Sciences Foundation Penetration-type pipe strain gauge
US20210051867A1 (en) * 2015-12-03 2021-02-25 Cropx Technologies, Ltd. Sensor soil assembly
WO2019245367A1 (fr) * 2018-06-22 2019-12-26 Sensoterra B.v. Sonde de détection permettant de détecter un paramètre du sol à une certaine profondeur et procédés de placement et d'utilisation d'une telle sonde

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