WO2024098603A1 - 一种换杆上杆装置 - Google Patents

一种换杆上杆装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098603A1
WO2024098603A1 PCT/CN2023/080719 CN2023080719W WO2024098603A1 WO 2024098603 A1 WO2024098603 A1 WO 2024098603A1 CN 2023080719 W CN2023080719 W CN 2023080719W WO 2024098603 A1 WO2024098603 A1 WO 2024098603A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rod
changing
bolt
hinged
mounting
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PCT/CN2023/080719
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚俊
宋祖源
曾詹辉
王慧民
高云
Original Assignee
湖南五新隧道智能装备股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南五新隧道智能装备股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南五新隧道智能装备股份有限公司
Publication of WO2024098603A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098603A1/zh

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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of drilling equipment, in particular to a rod changing and raising device.
  • anchor rods are widely used in highway and railway tunnels and mining tunnels.
  • the forms, types and specifications of anchor rods are becoming more and more abundant.
  • the length requirements of anchor rods are also increasing, so the anchor rod holes also need to be drilled deeper.
  • the anchor trolley is one of the main equipment for drilling anchor holes. Due to the length of the propulsion beam and the size of the equipment, the drilling depth of common anchor trolleys on the market is 2-4 meters. When deeper holes need to be drilled, several drill rods are often required to connect the holes. That is, the first drill rod is drilled with the anchor trolley, and then the second drill rod is connected to the first one to continue drilling, and finally the third one is replaced.
  • the bolt replacement operation of the anchor trolley is mainly done manually, and the process is relatively troublesome. Not only does it require the boom to be lowered before replacing the bolt, but the hole needs to be repositioned after the replacement. Moreover, the replacement of bolts in the tunnel is dangerous and time-consuming, which delays the progress of the construction period and also poses a great safety hazard.
  • anchor trolleys on the market currently use cage-type anchor rod warehouses for rod replacement.
  • my country's drilling tool industry has formed industry standards for anchor rods and drill rods, and has set up drilling tools of different cross-sections and different length grades.
  • the anchor rod warehouse can solve the problem of continuous installation of anchor rods, it cannot match different lengths of push beams or different lengths of anchor rods compared to the complex and changeable tunnel field operation environment, resulting in a single operation form and poor versatility and applicability of the anchor rod changer.
  • the present invention provides a rod changing and rod raising device, which can be controlled by electromechanical and hydraulic means so that an operator can easily perform the rod changing and rod raising operations.
  • the present invention provides a rod-changing and rod-up device, comprising a rod-up mechanism and a rod-changing mechanism;
  • the rod-lifting mechanism comprises two rod-lifting devices, and the two rod-lifting devices are hinged to the side of the propulsion beam at intervals along the length direction of the propulsion beam;
  • the two rod-lifting devices are provided with rod-loading structures for receiving the head end and the tail end of the anchor rod respectively;
  • the rod changing mechanism is arranged on the propulsion beam or the upper rod mechanism, and the rod changing mechanism has a supporting member capable of supporting the anchor rod.
  • the rod-changing mechanism has a rotational and/or translational travel relative to the upper rod mechanism, so as to send the supported anchor rod out of the rod-installing structure.
  • one end of the rod-lifting device is hinged to the side of the propulsion beam, and the rod-mounting structure is an annular groove provided at the other end of the rod-lifting device;
  • a notch is provided on the side of the annular groove for the anchor rod to enter and exit the annular groove.
  • the anchor rod replacement and rod raising device further comprises a rod raising oil cylinder, and a mounting seat is provided at a position corresponding to the rod raising device on the side of the propulsion beam;
  • the rod-lifting device is hinged to the mounting seat via a first pin shaft, one end of the rod-lifting oil cylinder is hinged to the mounting seat via a second pin shaft, and the other end is hinged to the rod-lifting device via a third pin shaft.
  • the rod-changing mechanism includes a rod-changing driver, a connecting shaft, and a supporter fixedly sleeved on the connecting shaft;
  • the two ends of the connecting shaft are rotatably connected to the two upper rod devices respectively, the support device is located between the two upper rod devices, and the supporting structure is a C-shaped bayonet provided on the side of the support device;
  • the rod-changing driver is drivingly connected to the connecting shaft or the supporting device to drive the supporting device to rotate.
  • the rod-changing driver comprises a rod-changing cylinder and a connecting plate provided on any of the rod-lifting devices;
  • One end of the rod-changing cylinder is hinged to the corresponding rod-lifting device through a fourth pin shaft, and the other end of the rod-changing cylinder is hinged to one end of the connecting plate through a fifth pin shaft, and the other end of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft.
  • the rod-changing mechanism is a clamp provided on the side of the propulsion beam, and the supporting structure is a clamp provided on the clamp;
  • the clamp has a first travel of rotation and/or translation on the advancing beam, and the clamp has a second travel of rotation relative to the upper rod device.
  • the anchor rod replacement and rod raising device further includes a first driving member and a second driving member
  • a rotating frame is hingedly connected to the side of the propulsion beam at a position corresponding to the clamp, the clamp is hingedly connected to the rotating frame, the first driving member is transmission-connected to the rotating frame, and the second driving member is transmission-connected to the clamp.
  • one end of the rod-lifting device is hinged to the side of the propulsion beam, and the rod-mounting structure is a first arc-shaped plate provided at the other end of the rod-lifting device, and the arc-shaped opening of the first arc-shaped plate faces downward;
  • the rod-changing mechanism comprises a rod-changing oil cylinder and a second arc-shaped plate rotatably connected to the rod-lifting device, the arc-shaped opening of the second arc-shaped plate faces upward, and the supporting structure is the arc-shaped opening of the second arc-shaped plate;
  • One end of the rod-changing oil cylinder is hinged to the rod-lifting device, and the other end is hinged to the bottom of the second arc-shaped plate.
  • the number of the upper rod mechanisms is two, and the two upper rod mechanisms are arranged on both sides of the propulsion beam.
  • the rod-changing and rod-mounting device of the present invention adopts mechanical control in the rod-mounting and rod-changing processes, and does not require manual rod-changing and rod-mounting, which is not only safe and efficient, but also effectively saves manpower;
  • the present invention can directly add the rod-changing and rod-uploading device to the propulsion beam without changing the original propulsion beam structure, thereby reducing the design cost and achieving high interchangeability of parts;
  • the rod-changing and rod-up device of the present invention has a simple and stable structure, occupies a small space, is easy to maintain and repair, and has a long service life;
  • the rod-changing and rod-mounting device of the present invention integrates the functions of rod-changing and rod-mounting. During the rod-changing and rod-mounting process, the rods can be automatically aligned without the need to align the holes again, thus saving time and speeding up the construction progress.
  • the rod changing mechanism in the present invention can be selected as needed and is suitable for working conditions of different depths and different numbers of drill rods.
  • FIG1 is an axonometric view of an upper rod mechanism on a propulsion beam in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG2 is an axonometric view of the upper rod mechanism and the rod changing mechanism on the propulsion beam in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a local structure of FIG2 ;
  • FIG4 is a front view of the upper rod mechanism and the rod changing mechanism on the propulsion beam in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Fig. 4;
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamp in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG8 is an axonometric view of the upper rod mechanism and the rod changing mechanism on the propulsion beam in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the upper rod mechanism and the rod changing mechanism in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • rod lifter 1 annular groove 101, notch 102, push beam 2
  • anchor rod 3 base frame 4
  • side baffle 5 curved plate 6
  • rod lifter cylinder 7 mounting seat 8
  • first pin 9 second pin 10
  • third pin 11 connecting shaft 12
  • supporter 13 C-shaped bayonet 1301
  • rod-changing cylinder 14 connecting plate 15, fourth pin 16, fifth pin 17, pivot 18, first clamp body 19, second clamp body 20, clamping cylinder 21, clamping jaw 22, first arc plate 23, second arc plate 24, sixth pin 25.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • fixation can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined.
  • fixation can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship
  • this embodiment discloses a rod-changing and rod-raising device, which mainly includes a rod-raising mechanism and a rod-changing mechanism.
  • the rod-raising mechanism includes two rod-raising devices 1, which are hinged to the side of the propulsion beam 2 at intervals along the length direction of the propulsion beam 2, and the two rod-raising devices 1 are detachably connected to the propulsion beam 2, that is, the spacing between the two rod-raising devices 1 can be adaptively adjusted according to the length of the anchor rod 3 to adapt to anchor rods 3 of various length specifications.
  • Both rod-raising devices 1 have a rod-mounting structure for respectively accommodating the head end and the tail end of the anchor rod 3, that is, the two ends of the anchor rod 3 can be supported and mounted on the two rod-raising devices 1, and the middle is suspended.
  • the same upper rod mechanism can accommodate and support one or more than two anchor rods 3.
  • the rod-changing mechanism is arranged on the advancing beam 2 or the upper rod mechanism, and the rod-changing mechanism has a supporting structure capable of supporting the anchor rod 3, that is, the anchor rod 3 is supported by the upper rod mechanism while being received and supported by the rod-changing mechanism.
  • the rod-changing mechanism has a rotation and/or translation stroke relative to the upper rod mechanism.
  • the rod-changing mechanism can send the anchor rods 3 received and supported by the upper rod mechanism out of the rod-loading structure one by one, so that the anchor rods 3 fall on the connection station on the advancing beam 2, and the rock drill on the advancing beam 2 can be pushed forward to connect with the anchor rod 3 on the connection station, thus realizing the rod-changing and upper rod function.
  • the rod lifter 1 is hinged to the side of the propulsion beam 2, and the rod mounting structure is an annular groove 101 provided at the other end of the rod lifter 1.
  • a notch 102 is provided on the side of the annular groove 101 for the anchor rod 3 to enter and exit the annular groove 101, as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • the rod lifter 1 includes: a base frame 4, a side baffle 5, and a curved panel 6 of an arc structure.
  • one end of the base frame 4 is hinged to the side of the propulsion beam 2, and the curved panel 6 is fixedly connected to the other end of the base frame 4 by welding.
  • the annular groove 101 is located between the base frame 4 and the curved panel 6, and the notch 102 is opened in the middle of the curved panel 6.
  • the side baffle plate 5 is welded and fixed to the base frame 4 and the curved plate 6, and the side baffle plate 5 covers one side of the annular groove 101.
  • the anchor rod 3 extends into the annular groove 101 through the other side of the annular groove 101, that is, the anchor rod 3 is located between the two side baffle plates 5 on the two upper rod devices 1 to prevent the end of the anchor rod 3 from being subjected to additional impact force and to prevent the anchor rod 3 from slipping out of the side of the annular groove 101 when being received.
  • the rod-changing and rod-up device in this embodiment also includes a rod-up cylinder 7, and a mounting seat 8 is provided at the position of the rod-up device 1 on the side of the propulsion beam 2 by welding or bolt connection.
  • the mounting seat 8 has a first hinge hole and a second hinge hole
  • the base frame 4 has a third hinge hole and a fourth hinge hole.
  • the articulation between the base frame 4 and the mounting seat 8 is achieved by the cooperation of the first pin 9 with the first hinge hole and the third hinge hole.
  • the fixed end of the rod-up cylinder 7 is hinged to the second hinge hole of the mounting seat 8 through the second pin 10, and the telescopic end of the rod-up cylinder 7 is hinged to the fourth hinge hole of the base frame 4 through the third pin 11.
  • the two rod-up devices 1 are rotated around the first hinge hole on the support by pushing out and retracting the piston rod of the rod-up cylinder 7. Then, the notches 102 on the two rod-up devices 1 can be rotated to the connection position of the propulsion beam 2.
  • the rod-changing mechanism is kept stationary, that is, during the rotation of the rod-up device 1, the position of the anchor rod 3 in the annular groove 101 remains relatively stationary.
  • the rod-changing mechanism has two implementation modes, specifically:
  • the rod-changing mechanism includes a rod-changing driver, a connecting shaft 12, and a holder 13 fixedly sleeved on the connecting shaft 12.
  • the holder 13 is a round pancake-shaped structure and is fixedly sleeved on the connecting shaft 12 by welding or key connection.
  • the two ends of the connecting shaft 12 are rotatably connected to the two upper rod devices 1 by clearance fit or bearing fit, and the holder 13 is located between the two upper rod devices 1.
  • the supporting structure is a C-shaped bayonet 1301 provided on the side of the holder 13, and the C-shaped bayonet 1301 can be used to store the anchor rod 3.
  • the rod-changing drive includes a rod-changing cylinder 14 and a connecting plate 15 provided on any rod-lifting device 1.
  • One end of the rod-changing cylinder 14 is hinged to the corresponding rod-lifting device 1 through a fourth pin 16.
  • the other end of the rod-changing cylinder 14 is hinged to one end of the connecting plate 15 through a fifth pin 17.
  • the other end of the connecting plate 15 is fixedly connected to the connecting shaft 12 through a flat key.
  • the extension and retraction of the rod-changing cylinder 14 can drive the connecting shaft 12 to rotate, that is, drive the holding device 13 to hold the rod-lifting device 12.
  • the anchor rod 3 rotates in the annular groove 101.
  • the two C-shaped bayonet holes 1301 on the supporter 13 respectively support an anchor rod 3, and the rod-changing cylinder 14 works.
  • the anchor rod 3 fixed on its C-shaped bayonet hole 1301 is driven by the supporter 13 to rotate in the annular groove 101 of the rod-lifting device 1, and stops when it rotates to the notch 102 of the annular groove 101.
  • the state is shown in Figure 6.
  • the rod-lifting cylinder 7 works, the piston rod is pushed out, and the rod-lifting device 1 rotates to rotate the anchor rod 3 to the connection position of the central axis of the rock drill.
  • the rock drill can be connected to the anchor rod 3 by pushing forward, so that the rod-changing and rod-lifting function is realized.
  • the anchor rod 3 can also be recovered, and the anchor rod 3 is retracted to the annular groove 101 of the rod-lifting device 1 and the C-shaped bayonet hole 1301 of the supporter 13.
  • the rod-changing driver can be a driving motor, which is fixedly mounted on the side baffle 5 , and the driving end is connected to the connecting shaft 12 to directly drive the connecting shaft 12 to rotate.
  • the rod changing mechanism is a clamp disposed on the side of the propulsion beam 2, and the supporting structure is a clamp 22 disposed on the clamp.
  • the clamp has a first stroke of rotation and/or translation on the propulsion beam 2, and the clamp has a second stroke of rotation relative to the upper rod device 1.
  • the anchor rod changing rod upper rod device also includes a first driving member and a second driving member, and both the first driving member and the second driving member can adopt oil cylinders.
  • a rotating frame is hinged at the position of the clamp on the side of the propulsion beam 2 corresponding to the position of the clamp, and the clamp is hinged on the rotating frame.
  • the hinge method is the same as the above-mentioned mounting seat 8 and the base frame 4, so it will not be described in detail.
  • One end of the first driving member is hinged to the side of the propulsion beam 2, and the other end is hinged to the mounting seat 8; one end of the second driving member is hinged to the mounting seat 8, and the other end is hinged to the clamp.
  • the upper rod changing process is as follows: keep the second driving member stationary, the upper rod cylinder 7 and the first driving member work synchronously, so that the upper rod device 1 and the rotating frame rotate synchronously, until the notch 102 on the upper rod device 1 coincides with the connection station on the push beam 2, then keep the upper rod cylinder 7 and the first driving member stationary, start the second driving member, and drive the anchor rod 3 fixed on its clamp 22 to rotate in the annular groove 101 of the upper rod device 1, and stop when rotating to the notch 102 of the annular groove 101, and the rock drill can be connected to the anchor rod 3 by pushing forward, and then control the clamp to open the clamp 22, and then control the upper rod device 1 and the rotating frame to reset.
  • the anchor rod 3 can also be recovered by retracting the anchor rod 3 to the annular groove 101 of the rod raising device 1 and the clamping opening 22 of the clamp.
  • the clamp includes a pivot 18, a first clamp body 19, a second clamp body 20 and a clamping cylinder 21.
  • first clamp body 19 is hinged on the rotating frame, and the first clamp body 19 and the pivot 18 are fixedly matched by welding or key connection, and the second clamp body 20 is sleeved on the pivot 18 by clearance fit or bearing fit.
  • the first clamp body 19 is provided with at least one first jaw
  • the second clamp body 20 is provided with at least one second jaw
  • the first jaw corresponds to the second jaw one by one
  • the second jaw corresponds to the first jaw one by one.
  • One jaw and the corresponding second jaw constitute a jaw 22 of a clamp.
  • the fixed end of the clamping cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the first clamp body 19 by a fixing device such as a bolt, and the telescopic end of the clamping cylinder 21 is hinged to the second clamp body 20.
  • a fixing device such as a bolt
  • the second clamp body 20 can rotate relative to the first clamp body 19.
  • the first jaw and the corresponding second jaw are moved closer to or away from each other, that is, the opening and closing states of the jaw 22 are switched to realize the two states of loosening or clamping the anchor rod 3.
  • the present embodiment adopts a cylinder as a driving component, it is not limited to the cylinder, nor is it limited to the above-mentioned installation position, and it only needs to be able to drive the corresponding component to rotate.
  • the motor and the reducer can be used to drive the component to rotate, and the motor and the reducer can be set on the corresponding component or arranged separately through a bracket.
  • this embodiment discloses a rod-changing and rod-raising device, which mainly includes a rod-raising mechanism and a rod-changing mechanism.
  • the rod-raising mechanism includes two rod-raising devices 1, which are hinged to the side of the propulsion beam 2 at intervals along the length direction of the propulsion beam 2, and the two rod-raising devices 1 are detachably connected to the propulsion beam 2, that is, the spacing between the two rod-raising devices 1 can be adaptively adjusted according to the length of the anchor rod 3 to adapt to anchor rods 3 of various length specifications.
  • Both rod-raising devices 1 have a rod-mounting structure for respectively accommodating the head end and the tail end of the anchor rod 3, that is, the two ends of the anchor rod 3 can be supported and mounted on the two rod-raising devices 1, and the middle part is suspended, wherein the same rod-raising mechanism can accommodate and support one anchor rod 3.
  • the rod-mounting structure is a first arc plate 23 provided at the other end of the rod-lifting device 1, and the arc opening of the first arc plate 23 faces downward.
  • the rod changing mechanism includes a rod changing cylinder 14 and a second arc-shaped plate 24.
  • One end of the second arc-shaped plate 24 is hinged to the rod-lifting device 1 through a sixth pin shaft 25, and the other end is an upward arc-shaped opening.
  • the arc-shaped opening of the second arc-shaped plate 24 is located below the arc-shaped opening of the first arc-shaped plate 23.
  • An anchor rod 3 can be clamped between the two, wherein the supporting structure is the arc-shaped opening of the second arc-shaped plate 24.
  • the rod-changing cylinder 14 can drive the second curved plate 24 to rotate around the sixth pin 25 through the extension and contraction of the rod-changing cylinder 14, so that the anchor rod 3 between the first curved plate 23 and the second curved plate 24 can be clamped or loosened.
  • the rod-lifting and rod-changing process is as follows: first, the rod-changing cylinder 14 is kept stationary, so that the anchor rod 3 between the first curved plate 23 and the second curved plate 24 is in a clamped state; then the rod-lifting cylinder 7 is started, so that the two rod-lifting devices 1 rotate synchronously until the anchor rod 3 between the first curved plate 23 and the second curved plate 24 is connected to the connection position on the propulsion beam 2. The rod-lifting cylinder 7 is then kept stationary, and the rod-changing cylinder 14 is started to rotate the second arc plate 24 downward, releasing the anchor rod 3 between the first arc plate 23 and the second arc plate 24, and finally controlling the rod-lifting device 1 to reset.
  • the rod-changing rod-lifting function is realized, and when drilling is completed, the anchor rod 3 can also be recovered, and the anchor rod 3 can be retracted to the annular groove of the rod-lifting device 1 and the clamping mouth of the clamp.
  • a set of rod-lifting mechanisms can be respectively provided on both sides of the propulsion beam 2, so that rod-lifting can be achieved on both sides. Not only does it not require rod replacement and has a high fault tolerance rate, but even if one side fails, it will not affect the rod-lifting work on the other side.

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Abstract

一种换杆上杆装置，包括上杆机构与换杆机构；上杆机构包括两个上杆器（1），两个上杆器（1）沿推进梁（2）的长度方向间隔铰接在推进梁（2）的侧部；两个上杆器（1）上均具有装杆结构，以用于分别收纳锚杆（3）的首端、尾端；换杆机构设在推进梁（2）或上杆机构上，且换杆机构上具有可承托锚杆（3）的承托结构，换杆机构在上杆机构上具有转动和/或平移的行程，以用于将承托的锚杆（3）送出装杆结构。应用于钻进设备领域，能够在不改变原有推进梁（2）结构的基础上直接外加在推进梁（2）上，集换杆、上杆功能于一体，在上杆、换杆过程中均采用机械控制，换杆上杆过程中能够自动对齐，无需再次对孔，不仅节省了设计、人力与时间成本，而且结构简单稳定、安全高效。

Description

一种换杆上杆装置 技术领域
本发明涉及钻进设备技术领域，具体是一种换杆上杆装置。
背景技术
锚杆作为地下工程和岩石边坡的主要支护形式，广泛应用于公路铁路隧道、矿用巷道，随着锚杆支护的发展，锚杆的形式、种类、规格也越来越丰富，为了获得更好的支护效果，锚杆的长度要求也水涨船高，所以锚杆孔也需要钻的更深。
锚杆台车是目前打锚杆孔的主要设备之一，由于推进梁长度及设备的尺寸限制，市面上常见的锚杆台车钻孔深度都在2-4米，当需要钻更深的孔时，往往需要几根钻杆连接钻孔，即先用锚杆台车将第一根钻杆钻进，接下来换第二根钻杆连接第一根继续钻进，最后换第三根。
当下锚杆台车的换杆作业以人工为主，换杆过程较为麻烦，不仅在换杆时需要先将臂架放下，换好之后还需要重新对孔定位。而且隧道内换杆危险性大、需要时间长，耽误工期进度同时还存在较大的安全隐患。
除人工进行换杆作业外，目前市面上部分锚杆台车还使用圈笼式锚杆库进行换杆，而我国钎具行业对锚杆、钻杆均形成有行业规范，设置不同截面、不同长度等级的钎具。锚杆库虽能解决锚杆连续安装问题，但相比复杂多变的隧道野外作业环境，不能匹配不同长度推进梁或不同长度锚杆，导致作业形式单一，锚杆换杆器通用性、适用性差。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中的不足，本发明提供一种换杆上杆装置，可通过机电液控制，使操作手一人即可轻松实现换杆上杆操作。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种换杆上杆装置，包括上杆机构与换杆机构；
所述上杆机构包括两个上杆器，两个所述上杆器沿推进梁的长度方向间隔铰接在推进梁的侧部；
两个所述上杆器上均具有装杆结构，以用于分别收纳锚杆的首端、尾端；
所述换杆机构设在推进梁或所述上杆机构上，且所述换杆机构上具有可承托锚杆的承托 结构，所述换杆机构相对于所述上杆机构上具有转动和/或平移的行程，以用于将承托的锚杆送出所述装杆结构。
在其中一个实施例，所述上杆器的一端铰接在所述推进梁侧部，所述装杆结构为设在所述上杆器另一端的环形凹槽；
所述环形凹槽的侧部设有缺口，以用于锚杆进出所述环形凹槽。
在其中一个实施例，锚杆换杆上杆装置还包括上杆油缸，所述推进梁侧部对应所述上杆器的位置设有安装座；
所述上杆器通过第一销轴与所述安装座铰接，所述上杆油缸的一端通过第二销轴与所述安装座铰接，另一端通过第三销轴与所述上杆器铰接。
在其中一个实施例，所述换杆机构包括换杆驱动器、连接轴以及固定套设在所述连接轴上的托握器；
所述连接轴的两端分别转动连接在两个所述上杆器上，所述托握器位于两个所述上杆器之间，所述承托结构为设在所述托握器侧部的C型卡口；
所述换杆驱动器与所述连接轴或所述托握器传动相连，以驱动所述托握器转动。
在其中一个实施例，所述托握器的数量为两个，其中一个所述托握器位于两个所述上杆器之间且靠近其中一个所述上杆器的位置，另一个所述托握器位于两个所述上杆器之间且靠近另一个所述上杆器的位置。
在其中一个实施例，所述换杆驱动器包括设在任一所述上杆器上的换杆油缸与连接板；
所述换杆油缸的一端通过第四销轴与对应所述上杆器铰接，所述换杆油缸的另一端通过第五销轴与所述连接板的一端铰接，所述连接板的另一端与所述连接轴固定相连。
在其中一个实施例，所述换杆机构为设在所述推进梁侧部的夹钳，所述承托结构为设在所述夹钳上的夹口；
所述夹钳在所述推进梁上具有转动和/或平移的第一行程，且所述夹钳具有相对于所述上杆器转动的第二行程。
在其中一个实施例，锚杆换杆上杆装置还包括第一驱动件与第二驱动件；
所述推进梁侧部对应所述夹钳的位置铰接有转动架，所述夹钳铰接在所述转动架上，所述第一驱动件与所述转动架传动相连，所述第二驱动件与所述夹钳传动相连。
在其中一个实施例，所述上杆器的一端铰接在所述推进梁侧部，所述装杆结构为设在所述上杆器另一端的第一弧形板，所述第一弧形板的弧形口朝下；
所述换杆机构包括换杆油缸以及转动连接在所述上杆器第二弧形板，所述第二弧形板的弧形口朝上，所述承托结构即为所述第二弧形板的弧形口；
所述换杆油缸的一端与所述上杆器铰接，另一端与所述第二弧形板的底部铰接。
在其中一个实施例，所述上杆机构的数量为两个，两个所述上杆机构设在所述推进梁的两侧。
本发明具有如下有益技术效果：
1.本发明中的换杆上杆装置在上杆、换杆过程中均采用机械控制，不需要人工换杆上杆，不仅安全高效，而且有效节省了人力；
2.本发明能够在不改变原有推进梁结构的基础上，将换杆上杆装置直接外加在推进梁上，降低了设计成本，且零部件互换性高；
3.本发明中的换杆上杆装置的结构简单稳定、占用空间小，易于维护检修、使用寿命长；
4.本发明中的换杆上杆装置集换杆、上杆功能于一体，换杆上杆过程中能够自动对齐，无需再次对孔，节省时间，加快施工进度；
5.本发明中的换杆机构可按需选择，适用于不同深度及不同数量钻杆的工况。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1中上杆机构在推进梁上的轴测图；
图2为本发明实施例1中上杆机构与换杆机构在推进梁上的轴测图；
图3为图2的局部结构放大示意图；
图4为本发明实施例1中上杆机构与换杆机构在推进梁上正视图；
图5为图4的A-A剖视图；
图6为图4的B-B剖视图；
图7为本发明实施例1中夹钳的结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例2中上杆机构与换杆机构在推进梁上的轴测图；
图9为本发明实施例2中上杆机构与换杆机构连接结构示意图。
附图标号：上杆器1、环形凹槽101、缺口102、推进梁2、锚杆3、基架4、侧挡板5、曲面板6、上杆油缸7、安装座8、第一销轴9、第二销轴10、第三销轴11、连接轴12、托握器13、 C型卡口1301、换杆油缸14、连接板15、第四销轴16、第五销轴17、枢轴18、第一钳体19、第二钳体20、夹持油缸21、夹口22、第一弧形板23、第二弧形板24、第六销轴25。
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”、“固定”等应做广义理解，例如，“固定”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，还可以是物理连接或无线通信连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
另外，本发明各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
实施例1
如图1-6所示为本实施例公开了一种换杆上杆装置，其主要包括上杆机构与换杆机构。上杆机构包括两个上杆器1，两个上杆器1沿推进梁2的长度方向间隔铰接在推进梁2的侧部，且两个上杆器1均与推进梁2可拆卸相连，即两个上杆器1之间的间距可根据锚杆3的长度进行自适应调整，以适配多种长度规格的锚杆3。两个上杆器1上均具有装杆结构，以用于分别收纳锚杆3的首端、尾端，即锚杆3的两端可支撑架设在两个上杆器1上，中部悬 空设置，其中，同一上杆机构可收纳支撑一根或两根以上的锚杆3。
换杆机构设在推进梁2或上杆机构上，且换杆机构上具有可承托锚杆3的承托结构，即锚杆3被上杆机构收纳支撑的同时，还被换杆机构承托。换杆机构相对于上杆机构上具有转动和/或平移的行程，换杆机构在相对于上杆机构转动和/或平移的过程中，能够将上杆机构收纳支撑的锚杆3逐根送出装杆结构，使锚杆3落在推进梁2上的连接工位上，推进梁2上的凿岩机前推便可与连接工位上的锚杆3连接，至此即实现换杆上杆功能。
本实施例中，上杆器1的一端铰接在推进梁2侧部，装杆结构为设在上杆器1另一端的环形凹槽101，环形凹槽101的侧部设有缺口102，以用于锚杆3进出环形凹槽101，即图4与图5所示。具体地，上杆器1均包括：基架4、侧挡板5以及弧形结构的曲面板6。其中，基架4的一端铰接在推进梁2侧部，曲面板6通过焊接的方式固定连接在基架4的另一端，环形凹槽101即位于基架4与曲面板6之间，缺口102则开设在曲面板6的中部位置。侧挡板5与基架4、曲面板6之间均焊接固定，且侧挡板5覆盖在环形凹槽101的一侧，锚杆3经由环形凹槽101的另一侧伸入环形凹槽101，即锚杆3位于两个上杆器1上的两侧挡板5之间，以防止锚杆3端部受到额外的冲击力的同时防止锚杆3收纳从环形凹槽101侧部滑出。
进一步具体地，本实施例中的换杆上杆装置还包括上杆油缸7，推进梁2侧部对应上杆器1的位置通过焊接或螺栓连接的方式设置有安装座8，安装座8上具有第一铰接孔与第二铰接孔，基架4上具有第三铰接孔与第四铰接孔。通过第一销轴9与第一铰接孔、第三铰接孔的配合实现基架4与安装座8之间的铰接，上杆油缸7的固定端通过第二销轴10铰接在安装座8的第二铰接孔上，上杆油缸7的伸缩端通过第三销轴11铰接在基架4的第四铰接孔上。通过上杆油缸7活塞杆推出与缩回，实现两上杆器1围绕支座上第一铰接孔旋转。进而可以将两个上杆器1上的缺口102转动至推进梁2的连接工位上，这一过程中保持换杆机构的静止，即在上杆器1转动的过程中，环形凹槽101内的锚杆3的位置保持相对静止。
本实施例中，换杆机构具有两种实施方式，具体地：
在换杆机构的第一种实施方式中，换杆机构包括换杆驱动器、连接轴12以及固定套设在连接轴12上的托握器13，托握器13为圆饼状结构，并通过焊接或键连接的方式固定套设在连接轴12上。连接轴12的两端分别通过间隙配合或轴承配合的方式转动连接在两个上杆器1上，托握器13则位于两个上杆器1之间，承托结构为设在托握器13侧部的C型卡口1301，该C型卡口1301可用于存放锚杆3。换杆驱动器包括设在任一上杆器1上的换杆油缸14与连接板15，换杆油缸14的一端通过第四销轴16与对应上杆器1铰接，换杆油缸14的另一端通过第五销轴17与连接板15的一端铰接，连接板15的另一端则与连接轴12通过平键固定相连，通过换杆油缸14的伸缩即能带动连接轴12转动，即能带动托握器13托握 的锚杆3在环形凹槽101内转动。以图4与图6为例，托握器13上两个C型卡口1301分别托握一根锚杆3，换杆油缸14工作，活塞杆推出时，通过托握器13带动其C型卡口1301上固定的锚杆3在上杆器1的环形凹槽101内旋转，旋转至环形凹槽101的缺口102处时停止，此时状态即图6所示，接下来上杆油缸7工作，活塞杆推出，上杆器1旋转，将锚杆3转至凿岩机中心轴的连接工位位置，凿岩机前推便可与锚杆3连接，至此实现换杆上杆功能，当打钻结束后，亦可实现锚杆3的回收，将锚杆3收回至上杆器1的环形凹槽101及托握器13的C型卡口1301处。
优选地，换杆驱动器可为一驱动马达，固定安装在侧挡板5上，驱动端与连接轴12连接，直接驱动连接轴12转动。
优选地，托握器13的数量为两个，其中一个托握器13位于两个上杆器1之间且靠近其中一个上杆器1的位置，另一个托握器13位于两个上杆器1之间且靠近另一个上杆器1的位置，以在换杆过程中保持锚杆3前后两端的一致性。
在换杆机构的第二种实施方式中，换杆机构为设在推进梁2侧部的夹钳，承托结构为设在夹钳上的夹口22。夹钳在推进梁2上具有转动和/或平移的第一行程，且夹钳具有相对于上杆器1转动的第二行程。具体地，锚杆换杆上杆装置还包括第一驱动件与第二驱动件，第一驱动件与第二驱动件均可采用油缸。推进梁2侧部对应夹钳的位置铰接有转动架，夹钳铰接在转动架上，铰接方式同上述的安装座8与基架4，因此不再对其赘述。第一驱动件的一端铰接在推进梁2侧部，另一端则铰接在安装座8上；第二驱动件的一端铰接在安装座8上，另一端铰接在夹钳上。第一驱动件启动而第二驱动件不启动时，即能使得夹钳跟随转动架一起在推进梁2侧部转动，即实现了夹钳的第一行程；上杆油缸7、第一驱动件均不启动，即能使得夹钳在转动架上单独转动，即实现了夹钳的第二行程。其上杆换杆过程为：保持第二驱动件静止，上杆油缸7、第一驱动件同步工作，使得上杆器1、转动架同步旋转，直至上杆器1上的缺口102与推进梁2上的连接工位重合，随后保持上杆油缸7、第一驱动件静止，第二驱动件启动，通过夹钳带动其夹口22上固定的锚杆3在上杆器1的环形凹槽101内旋转，旋转至环形凹槽101的缺口102处时停止，凿岩机前推便可与锚杆3连接，随后控制夹钳打开夹口22，在控制上杆器1、旋转架复位。至此实现换杆上杆功能，当打钻结束后，亦可实现锚杆3的回收，将锚杆3收回至上杆器1的环形凹槽101及夹钳的夹口22处。
参考图7，夹钳包括枢轴18、第一钳体19、第二钳体20与夹持油缸21。具体地，第一钳体19铰接在转动架上，且第一钳体19与枢轴18通过焊接或键连接的方式固定配合，第二钳体20则通过间隙配合或轴承配合的方式套设在枢轴18上。第一钳体19上设有至少一个第一钳口，第二钳体20上设有至少一个第二钳口，且第一钳口与第二钳口一一对应，第 一钳口与对应第二钳口即组成一个夹钳的夹口22。夹持油缸21的固定端通过螺栓等固定装置固定连接在第一钳体19上，夹持油缸21的伸缩端则与第二钳体20铰接。当夹持油缸21进行伸缩运动时，由于第一钳体19刚性连接在枢轴18上，此时第二钳体20即可与第一钳体19发生相对转动。在夹持油缸21的驱动下，使得第一钳口与对应第二钳口的相互靠近或相互远离，即实现了夹口22的张开和闭合形态的切换，以实现对锚杆3的松开或夹紧两种状态。
优选地，夹钳的数量为两个，其中一个夹钳位于两个上杆器1之间且靠近其中一个上杆器1的位置，另一个夹钳位于两个上杆器1之间且靠近另一个上杆器1的位置，以在换杆过程中保持锚杆3前后两端的一致性。
需要注意的是，虽然本实施例均采用油缸作为驱动部件，但也不局限于油缸，也不局限于上述的安装位置，其只需要满足能够驱动对于部件转动即可。例如可通过马达配合减速机配合驱动部件转动，这里马达与减速机既可以设置在对于部件上，也可以通过一支架单独布置。
实施例2
如图8-9所示为本实施例公开了一种换杆上杆装置，其主要包括上杆机构与换杆机构。上杆机构包括两个上杆器1，两个上杆器1沿推进梁2的长度方向间隔铰接在推进梁2的侧部，且两个上杆器1均与推进梁2可拆卸相连，即两个上杆器1之间的间距可根据锚杆3的长度进行自适应调整，以适配多种长度规格的锚杆3。两个上杆器1上均具有装杆结构，以用于分别收纳锚杆3的首端、尾端，即锚杆3的两端可支撑架设在两个上杆器1上，中部悬空设置，其中，同一上杆机构可收纳支撑一根锚杆3。
上杆器1的一端铰接在推进梁2侧部，且同样通过上杆油缸7驱动，其铰接方式与油缸连接方式与实施例1中的基架相同，因此不再对其赘述。装杆结构为设在上杆器1另一端的第一弧形板23，第一弧形板23的弧形口朝下。
换杆机构包括换杆油缸14与第二弧形板24，第二弧形板24的一端通过第六销轴25与上杆器1铰接，另一端为朝上的弧形口，且第二弧形板24的弧形口位于第一弧形板23弧形口的下方，两者之间可夹持一根锚杆3，其中，承托结构即为第二弧形板24的弧形口。
换杆油缸14的一端与上杆器1铰接，另一端与第二弧形板24的底部铰接，通过换杆油缸14的伸缩，即能带动第二弧形板24绕第六销轴25转动，即能进行第一弧形板23与第二弧形板24之间锚杆3的夹紧或放松。其上杆换杆过程为：首先保持换杆油缸14静止，使第一弧形板23与第二弧形板24之间锚杆3处于被夹紧状态；再启动上杆油缸7，使得两个上杆器1同步旋转，直至第一弧形板23与第二弧形板24之间锚杆3与推进梁2上的连接工位 重合，随后保持上杆油缸7静止，换杆油缸14启动，使第二弧形板24向下转动，放出第一弧形板23与第二弧形板24之间锚杆3，最后控制上杆器1复位。至此实现换杆上杆功能，当打钻结束后，亦可实现锚杆3的回收，将锚杆3收回至上杆器1的环形槽及夹钳的夹口处。
作为优选地实施方式，可通过在推进梁2两侧分别设置一套上杆机构，可实现两侧分别上杆，不仅无需换杆、容错率高，而且即便一侧出现故障也不会影响另一侧的上杆工作。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，包括上杆机构与换杆机构；
    所述上杆机构包括两个上杆器，两个所述上杆器沿推进梁的长度方向间隔铰接在推进梁的侧部；
    两个所述上杆器上均具有装杆结构，以用于分别收纳锚杆的首端、尾端；
    所述换杆机构设在推进梁或所述上杆机构上，且所述换杆机构上具有可承托锚杆的承托结构，所述换杆机构相对于所述上杆机构上具有转动和/或平移的行程，以用于将承托的锚杆送出所述装杆结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述上杆器的一端铰接在所述推进梁侧部，所述装杆结构为设在所述上杆器另一端的环形凹槽；
    所述环形凹槽的侧部设有缺口，以用于锚杆进出所述环形凹槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，还包括上杆油缸，所述推进梁侧部对应所述上杆器的位置设有安装座；
    所述上杆器通过第一销轴与所述安装座铰接，所述上杆油缸的一端通过第二销轴与所述安装座铰接，另一端通过第三销轴与所述上杆器铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述换杆机构包括换杆驱动器、连接轴以及固定套设在所述连接轴上的托握器；
    所述连接轴的两端分别转动连接在两个所述上杆器上，所述托握器位于两个所述上杆器之间，所述承托结构为设在所述托握器侧部的C型卡口；
    所述换杆驱动器与所述连接轴或所述托握器传动相连，以驱动所述托握器转动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述托握器的数量为两个，其中一个所述托握器位于两个所述上杆器之间且靠近其中一个所述上杆器的位置，另一个所述托握器位于两个所述上杆器之间且靠近另一个所述上杆器的位置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述换杆驱动器包括设在任一所述上杆器上的换杆油缸与连接板；
    所述换杆油缸的一端通过第四销轴与对应所述上杆器铰接，所述换杆油缸的另一端通过第五销轴与所述连接板的一端铰接，所述连接板的另一端与所述连接轴固定相连。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述换杆机构为设在所述推进梁侧部的夹钳，所述承托结构为设在所述夹钳上的夹口；
    所述夹钳在所述推进梁上具有转动和/或平移的第一行程，且所述夹钳具有相对于所述上杆器转动的第二行程。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，还包括第一驱动件与第二驱动件；
    所述推进梁侧部对应所述夹钳的位置铰接有转动架，所述夹钳铰接在所述转动架上，所述第一驱动件与所述转动架传动相连，所述第二驱动件与所述夹钳传动相连。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述上杆器的一端铰接在所述推进梁侧部，所述装杆结构为设在所述上杆器另一端的第一弧形板，所述第一弧形板的弧形口朝下；
    所述换杆机构包括换杆油缸以及转动连接在所述上杆器上的第二弧形板，所述第二弧形板的弧形口朝上，所述承托结构即为所述第二弧形板的弧形口；
    所述换杆油缸的一端与所述上杆器铰接，另一端与所述第二弧形板的底部铰接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换杆上杆装置，其特征在于，所述上杆机构的数量为两个，两个所述上杆机构分别设在所述推进梁的两侧。
PCT/CN2023/080719 2022-11-10 2023-03-10 一种换杆上杆装置 WO2024098603A1 (zh)

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