WO2024098299A1 - 通信方法以及通信设备 - Google Patents

通信方法以及通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024098299A1
WO2024098299A1 PCT/CN2022/130951 CN2022130951W WO2024098299A1 WO 2024098299 A1 WO2024098299 A1 WO 2024098299A1 CN 2022130951 W CN2022130951 W CN 2022130951W WO 2024098299 A1 WO2024098299 A1 WO 2024098299A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
communication device
switching
cell
area
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PCT/CN2022/130951
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
伍浩
尤心
石聪
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2022/130951 priority Critical patent/WO2024098299A1/zh
Publication of WO2024098299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024098299A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication device.
  • the handover process can be implemented based on information such as measurement reports and context information of terminal devices.
  • this information has many problems such as "short-sightedness" and difficulty in obtaining or storing. These problems will cause connection interruption and low throughput caused by handover.
  • the present application provides a communication method and a communication device.
  • the following introduces various aspects involved in the present application.
  • a communication method comprising: based on switching auxiliary information, a first communication device performs a first operation related to switching, the switching auxiliary information includes first information and/or second information; wherein, the first communication device is located in a first area, the first information includes historical switching information corresponding to the first area, and the second information includes information directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • a communication method comprising: a second communication device receives third information sent by a first communication device; based on the third information, the second communication device performs a second operation related to switching; wherein the third information is determined based on switching auxiliary information, the switching auxiliary information includes first information and/or second information, the first communication device is located in a first area, the first information includes historical switching information corresponding to the first area, and the second information includes information directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • a communication device which is a first communication device, and includes: a first execution unit, used to perform a first operation related to switching based on switching auxiliary information, the switching auxiliary information includes first information and/or second information; wherein, the first communication device is located in a first area, the first information includes historical switching information corresponding to the first area, and the second information includes information directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • a communication device is provided, the communication device is a second communication device, and the communication device includes: a receiving unit, used to receive third information sent by a first communication device; a second execution unit, used to perform a second operation related to switching according to the third information; wherein the third information is determined based on switching auxiliary information, the switching auxiliary information includes first information and/or second information, the first communication device is located in a first area, the first information includes historical switching information corresponding to the first area, and the second information includes information directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • a communication device including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store one or more computer programs, and the processor is used to call the computer program in the memory so that the terminal device executes some or all of the steps in the method of the first aspect or the second aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes the above-mentioned communication device.
  • the system may also include other devices that interact with the communication device in the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program enables a terminal to execute part or all of the steps in the methods of the above aspects.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, wherein the computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the computer program is operable to cause a terminal to execute some or all of the steps in the above-mentioned various aspects of the method.
  • the computer program product can be a software installation package.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a chip comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the processor can call and run a computer program from the memory to implement some or all of the steps described in the methods of the above aspects.
  • the performance gain that can be brought about by switching to different neighboring areas can be predicted, thereby providing richer environmental information for the switching decision.
  • the historical switching information corresponding to the first area is historical switching information at the regional level. Therefore, the acquisition and storage of the historical switching information corresponding to the first area can be implemented by a device with strong computing or storage capabilities in the first area, so the acquisition and storage of the first information is also easier.
  • the second information since the second information can be directly obtained by the first communication device, it is easier to obtain the second information.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system used in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is an example diagram of a basic switching process.
  • FIG. 3 is an example diagram of a conditional switching process.
  • FIG4 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic flowchart of another communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG1 is a wireless communication system 100 used in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wireless communication system 100 may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120.
  • the network device 110 may be a device that communicates with the terminal device 120.
  • the network device 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area, and may communicate with the terminal device 120 located in the coverage area.
  • FIG1 exemplarily shows a network device and two terminal devices.
  • the wireless communication system 100 may include multiple network devices and each network device may include other number of terminal devices within its coverage area, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the wireless communication system 100 may also include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: the fifth generation (5th generation, 5G) system or new radio (new radio, NR), long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) system, LTE frequency division duplex (frequency division duplex, FDD) system, LTE time division duplex (time division duplex, TDD), etc.
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR new radio
  • long term evolution long term evolution
  • LTE long term evolution
  • LTE frequency division duplex frequency division duplex
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • future communication systems such as the sixth generation mobile communication system, satellite communication system, etc.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to a user, and can be used to connect people, objects and machines, such as a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc.
  • the terminal device in the embodiments of the present application may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a PDA, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, etc.
  • the UE may be used to act as a base station.
  • the UE may act as a dispatching entity that provides sidelink signals between UEs in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or device-to-device (D2D), etc.
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • D2D device-to-device
  • a cellular phone and a car communicate with each other using sidelink signals.
  • Cellular phones and smart home devices communicate with each other without relaying the communication signal through a base station.
  • the network device in the embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device, and the network device may also be referred to as an access network device or a wireless access network device, such as a base station.
  • the network device in the embodiment of the present application may refer to a wireless access network (RAN) node (or device) that connects a terminal device to a wireless network.
  • RAN wireless access network
  • Base station can broadly cover various names as follows, or be replaced with the following names, such as: Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next generation Node B (gNB), relay station, access point, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master eNB (MeNB), secondary eNB (SeNB), multi-standard radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, base band unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc.
  • eNB evolved Node B
  • gNB next generation Node B
  • TRP transmitting and receiving point
  • TP transmitting point
  • MeNB master eNB
  • SeNB secondary eNB
  • MSR multi-standard radio
  • the base station may be a macro base station, a micro base station, a relay node, a donor node or the like, or a combination thereof.
  • the base station may also refer to a communication module, a modem or a chip used to be arranged in the aforementioned device or apparatus.
  • the base station may also be a mobile switching center and a device that performs the base station function in D2D, V2X, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, a network-side device in a 6G network, and a device that performs the base station function in a future communication system.
  • the base station may support networks with the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the specific technology and specific device form adopted by the network equipment.
  • Base stations can be fixed or mobile.
  • a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move based on the location of the mobile base station.
  • a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a device that communicates with another base station.
  • the network device in the embodiments of the present application may refer to a CU or a DU, or the network device includes a CU and a DU.
  • the gNB may also include an AAU.
  • the network equipment and terminal equipment can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on the water surface; they can also be deployed on aircraft, balloons and satellites in the air.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit the scenarios in which the network equipment and terminal equipment are located.
  • the handover process can be the process by which the communication system transfers the communication link between the terminal device and the original cell to a new cell (also called the target cell).
  • a new cell also called the target cell.
  • the communication system can perform a handover process.
  • the handover process can include three stages: handover preparation, handover execution, and handover completion.
  • the handover preparation phase may include measurement control and reporting, handover request and confirmation.
  • the handover request confirmation message includes the handover command generated by the target cell.
  • the source cell is not allowed to make any modification to the handover command generated by the target cell and directly forwards the handover command to the terminal device.
  • the terminal device In the handover execution phase, the terminal device immediately executes the handover process after receiving the handover command. That is, the terminal device performs the following operations: disconnecting from the source cell and connecting to the target cell (detaching from the old cell and synchronising to the new cell) (such as performing random access, sending a radio resource control (RRC) handover completion message to the target base station, etc.), transferring the sequence number (SN) state, forwarding data, etc.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the target cell performs path switching with the core network access and mobility management function (AMF) and user plane function (UPF), and the context of the terminal device in the source base station is released.
  • AMF core network access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • the basic switching process has been working in related wireless communication systems, but some problems have gradually been exposed.
  • the terminal device needs a period of time after reporting the measurement report and before receiving the switching command.
  • This time interval is the time required for the source cell to send a switching request and wait for the neighboring cell to reply.
  • this time interval also includes the time required for signaling interaction between the network device and the terminal device.
  • the existence of this time interval may cause the optimal configuration cell to change when the terminal device receives the switching command. In extreme cases, the existence of this time interval will cause the terminal device to be unsuitable for connection when the network device sends a switching command to the terminal device (for example, the switching command cannot be received due to the poor communication environment), resulting in a switching failure.
  • FIG. 3 is an example diagram of the conditional switching process.
  • the first trigger condition triggers the terminal device to perform measurement reporting and correspondingly triggers the base station side to prepare for switching.
  • the second trigger condition triggers the terminal device to initiate access to the target cell to complete the switching.
  • the first trigger condition is weaker than the second trigger condition.
  • the first trigger condition can be related to a "low” threshold, and the second trigger condition can be related to a "high” threshold.
  • the terminal device will first reach the first trigger condition and trigger the reporting of the corresponding measurement report, thereby triggering the switching preparation process. Afterwards, when the terminal device meets the second switching condition, the terminal device can initiate corresponding operations such as access to the target base station to complete the switching process. It can be understood that when the second switching condition is met, the terminal device can initiate the switching process by itself without waiting for feedback from the network device side. Therefore, conditional switching can avoid the time interval generated by the basic switching process to avoid switching failure.
  • the current wireless communication system provides greater flexibility than before, emphasizing wide applicability to different scenarios and full utilization of limited resources.
  • the basic principles of most of the current work are still based on theoretical modeling of the actual communication environment or simple parameter selection.
  • the gains brought by this basic working method are gradually weakening in changing scenarios and complex communication environments.
  • the basic switching and conditional switching schemes described above involve this problem.
  • some communication systems consider using artificial intelligence (AI), a new method and idea, combined with traditional wireless communication theories and systems, to find another way to break the performance bottleneck and further improve the performance of wireless communication systems.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • Basic machine learning methods may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, or reinforcement learning.
  • Supervised learning can also be called supervised learning or supervised learning.
  • a pattern also called a function or learning model
  • the training data consists of input objects (usually vectors) and expected outputs.
  • the output can be a continuous value (called regression analysis) or a predicted categorical label (called classification).
  • classification a predicted categorical label
  • the task of a supervised learner is to predict the output of this function for any possible input after observing some pre-labeled training examples (inputs and expected outputs). To achieve this goal, the learner must generalize from the existing data to unobserved situations in a "reasonable" (inductively biased) way.
  • Reinforcement learning emphasizes how to act based on the environment to maximize expected benefits. Unlike supervised learning, reinforcement learning does not require labeled input-output pairs, nor does it require precise correction of non-optimal solutions. Its focus is on finding a balance between exploration (of unknown areas) and utilization (of existing knowledge).
  • the "exploration-utilization" exchange in reinforcement learning has been studied most in multi-armed bandit problems and finite Markov decision processes (MDP).
  • MDP multi-armed bandit problems and finite Markov decision processes
  • reinforcement learning algorithms can only use dynamic programming methods under this assumption.
  • the main difference between traditional dynamic programming methods and reinforcement learning algorithms is that the latter does not require knowledge about MDP and is aimed at large-scale MDPs where exact methods cannot be found.
  • the terminal device will report a measurement report based on the measurement results during the switching process.
  • the measurement report can specifically be the reference signal received power.
  • the network device can trigger the switching process after receiving the measurement report, and determine the target cell from multiple neighboring cells in combination with the network resource configuration. Subsequently, the network device can send a switching command to the terminal device, and when the terminal device receives the switching command, it can initiate random access to the target cell, and then complete the switching process.
  • the decision to determine the target cell based on the measurement report is often "short-sighted", that is, the terminal device may leave the target cell in a very short time after successfully accessing the target cell, causing a ping-pong effect. For the terminal device, this will reduce the effective time of the terminal device data transmission and damage the throughput performance. For the network equipment, it increases the interactive signaling overhead and squeezes out unnecessary network pre-configured resources.
  • a possible solution to the above problem is to predict the movement trajectory of the terminal device before it switches, and decide the target cell to switch to based on the trajectory.
  • this requires real-time accurate location information of the terminal device during movement, combined with a lot of contextual information such as the terminal device's historical movement data, behavior preferences, etc.
  • the acquisition and storage of this information are very difficult to achieve for existing systems. Therefore, in the related technology, it is difficult to get the optimal solution to the trajectory prediction switching problem guided by a single user behavior.
  • the switching process can be implemented based on the above information such as measurement reports and context information of the terminal device.
  • this information has many problems such as "short-sightedness" and difficulty in obtaining or storing, which may cause connection interruption and low network throughput caused by switching.
  • FIG4 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application to solve the above problem.
  • the method shown in FIG4 can be performed by the first communication device and/or the second communication device.
  • the method shown in FIG4 can include step S410.
  • Step S410 Based on the handover auxiliary information, the first communication device performs a first operation related to handover.
  • the handover auxiliary information may include first information and/or second information.
  • the first information and the second information are respectively introduced below.
  • the first communication device may be located in the first area, and the first information may include historical switching information corresponding to the first area.
  • the historical switching information may be information related to switching within a first time window before the current moment.
  • the end time of the first time window may be earlier than or equal to the current moment.
  • the historical switching information may also be referred to as mobility context information.
  • the first communication device can obtain historical switching information at the regional level. Based on the historical switching information corresponding to the first area, the performance gain that can be brought about by switching to different neighboring areas can be predicted, thereby providing richer environmental information for the switching decision, that is, improving the first communication device's ability to perceive the environment. Therefore, the historical switching information corresponding to the first area can solve the "short-sightedness" problem mentioned above, thereby avoiding ping-pong switching and improving throughput. According to research, switching based on the first information can achieve an increase in system throughput of more than 40%.
  • the first information is at the regional level, so the first information can be stored in a device with strong computing or storage capabilities in the first area (such as a network device covering the first area), which also solves the problem of information acquisition and storage to a certain extent.
  • the second information may include information that can be directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • the first communication device does not need to interact with other devices, that is, it can obtain the second information by itself.
  • the second information may be information that can be obtained without the network device responding to the reference signal configuration.
  • the first communication device may include a sensor.
  • the second information may be information directly collected by the first communication device through its own sensor. Since the second information can be directly obtained by the first communication device, it is easier to obtain the second information.
  • the second information can be obtained in real time, so the real-time status of the first communication device can be determined based on the second information, thereby achieving accurate switching.
  • the following is a detailed description of the content that may be included in the first information and the second information.
  • the first information may be used to indicate historical switching information corresponding to the first area.
  • the historical switching information may be information related to switching within a first time window before the current moment.
  • the historical switching information may include one or more of the following information: information of the switching cell selected by the third communication device; the service quality of the switching cell after the third communication device is switched; the number of times the first cell covering the first area is selected as the switching cell.
  • the third communication device may be a device that has communicated in the first area.
  • the third communication device may be a communication device that is switched in the first area before the first communication device obtains the first information.
  • the third communication device may be a communication device that is switched within the first time window before the current moment.
  • the switching cell selected by the third communication device may also be referred to as the target cell selected by the third communication device.
  • the number of times the first cell is selected as the switching cell may be: the number of times the first cell is selected as the target cell by the third communication device within the first time window.
  • the historical switching information may include switching information of all terminal devices that have communicated in the first area in history.
  • the historical switching information includes one or more of the following information: information of the target cell selected by all the terminal devices, the number of times the first cell covering the first area has been selected by all the terminal devices in history, and the service quality of the target cell after the switching of all the terminal devices.
  • the service quality of the target cell after the handover may include one or more of the following information: throughput, connection duration, and communication quality.
  • the first information may be associated with the first area.
  • the first area is the area where the first communication device is located (for example, it may include the area around the first communication device).
  • the space may be divided into a plurality of switching prediction areas, and the first area may be one of the plurality of switching prediction areas. In other words, among the plurality of switching prediction areas, the area where the first communication device is located may be the first area.
  • the space can be divided into multiple handover prediction areas according to the first rule.
  • the first rule can be related to the received channel measurement information, for example. In other words, the scope of the first area can be determined based on the received signal measurement information.
  • the first area can be related to one or more cells to which the first communication device can detect the largest at least one signal belonging.
  • the first area can be related to the maximum n signal belonging cells that the first communication device can detect, and the first area can be the sum of the coverage areas of the n signal belonging cells or the area covered by the n signal belonging cells.
  • the first handover prediction area can be an area covered by the maximum three signal belonging cells 1, 2, and 3 that the first communication device can detect.
  • the second handover prediction area can be an area covered by the maximum three signal belonging cells 1, 2, and 4 that the first communication device can detect.
  • the first area can be one of the first handover prediction area or the second prediction area.
  • the first information may also be used to indicate network load information. That is, the first communication device may perform a first operation related to switching based on the network load information. Taking the first operation as a switching decision as an example, the first communication device may make a switching decision based on the historical switching information corresponding to the first area and the network load information.
  • the second information may include one or more of the following information of the first communication device: quality information of the source cell, quality information of the neighboring cell, quality change information of the source cell, quality change information of the neighboring cell, location information, speed information, direction information, etc.
  • the direction information may include moving direction information of the first communication device.
  • the direction information may include the azimuth of the movement of the first communication device.
  • the first communication device After the first communication device obtains the second information, it can perform the first operation by itself according to the second information without transmitting the second information to other devices.
  • the second information is difficult to be obtained by other devices, thereby effectively protecting the privacy of the first communication device.
  • the amount of data that needs to be transmitted by the first communication device is reduced.
  • the first communication device has strong capabilities (for example, the first communication device is a smart car machine, and the device that communicates with the first communication device is an outdated device that is not equipped with sufficient computing power), it is more appropriate for the first communication device to perform the first operation by itself.
  • the handover auxiliary information may include the second information.
  • the first operation may include: the first communication device determines the target cell by itself according to the second information acquired in real time, and the first communication device switches to the target cell.
  • the first communication device may determine the target cell by itself using the complete second information acquired in real time, and perform the handover according to the result of its own decision.
  • the handover auxiliary information may include not only the second information but also the first information.
  • the first information may be sent by the second communication device to the first communication device.
  • the first communication device may determine the target cell by itself according to the second information and the first information acquired in real time.
  • the first operation may include: based on the first information and/or the second information, the first communication device may determine the third information.
  • the second information may be acquired in real time by the first communication device before determining the third information, that is, the third information may be determined by the second information acquired in real time by the first communication device before determining the third information.
  • the first information and/or the second information can be input into the first model, and the output of the first model can be the third information.
  • the first model as an AI model as an example
  • the first communication device can input the first information and/or the second information into the AI model, and the output of the AI model can be the third information.
  • the AI model can, for example, include a supervised learning model or a reinforcement learning model.
  • the AI model can include one or more of a decision tree model, a multi-armed bandit model, and a deep Q network (DQN) model.
  • DQN deep Q network
  • the third information may, for example, include one or more of the following information of the first communication device: information of one or more candidate target cells that the first communication device can switch to; priority of one or more neighboring cells; priority ranking of one or more neighboring cells; setting information of T304 timer of one or more neighboring cells.
  • One or more candidate target cells may, for example, include: one or more neighboring cells or multiple cells associated with different time points in the future.
  • One or more candidate target cells may form a list.
  • the priority may be expressed by a weight.
  • the third information may also include a measurement report (e.g., reference signal received power).
  • the first operation may further include: sending the third information to the second communication device.
  • the method shown in Fig. 4 may include steps S420 and S430.
  • Step S420 The second communication device receives third information sent by the first communication device.
  • Step S430 According to the third information, the second communication device may perform a second operation related to the handover.
  • the second operation may include: determining one or more of the following information based on the third information: a target cell for the first communication device to switch, and one or more candidate target cells that the first communication device can switch to.
  • the second communication device may make a decision on the switching process of the first communication device.
  • the third information can be determined according to the first information and the second information.
  • the second communication device determines the fourth information according to the third information.
  • the fourth information can be used to indicate the target cell to which the first communication device is to switch.
  • the second communication device can generate the fourth information in combination with the real-time resource distribution of the network (for example, the network topology and the load migration).
  • the second communication device can send the fourth information to the first communication device, and the second communication device can also notify the target base station to reserve access resources for the first communication device.
  • the second communication device can also generate a switching command to notify the first communication device to perform a subsequent switching process.
  • the second operation may include: preparing communication resources for the first communication device according to the third information.
  • the third information includes candidate target cell information as an example
  • the second communication device may prepare resources for the first communication device according to the candidate target cell.
  • the network device determines the candidate target cells, and usually the number of candidate target cells is large to ensure that the terminal device can successfully access.
  • the candidate target cells are determined locally by the terminal device according to the first information and/or the second information
  • the number of candidate target cells is much smaller than the number of candidate target cells determined by the network device in the conditional switching. Therefore, the resources prepared by the network device according to the third information are greatly reduced, thereby improving resource utilization and overall network performance.
  • the second operation may include sending the first information corresponding to the third information.
  • the third information including the candidate target cell information as an example, the first information corresponding to the third information may be used to indicate the historical switching information of part or all of the area covered by the candidate target cell.
  • the first area may be part or all of the area covered by the candidate target cell.
  • the method shown in Figure 3 may further include the step of: the first communication device receives the first information. That is, the first information may be acquired by other devices and sent to the first communication device.
  • the following description is made by taking the sender of the first information as the second communication device as an example.
  • the first information may be carried in a broadcast message.
  • the broadcast range of the broadcast message may be the first area.
  • the second communication device may broadcast the first information to all communication devices in the first area.
  • the communication device receiving the broadcast message may be a communication device in the first area.
  • the broadcast message may, for example, be a system information broadcast (SIB) message.
  • SIB message may include one or more of a SIB1 message, a SIB2 message, and a SIB3-SIB8 message. Transmitting the first information by broadcasting may reduce the amount of signaling transmission of the second communication device and reduce the complexity of processing by the second communication device.
  • the first information can be carried in proprietary signaling.
  • the proprietary signaling can be, for example, RRC proprietary signaling.
  • the first information can be carried in an RRC reconfiguration message.
  • the second communication device can determine the first area based on the location of the first communication device and send the corresponding first information to the first communication device in a directionally manner.
  • the location of the first communication device can be determined by a positioning system or by received signal measurement information reported by the first communication device. This method can reduce the scale of the first information received by the first communication device and reduce the data processing amount of the first communication device.
  • the first information can be transmitted by combining broadcast and proprietary signaling, that is, the first information can be carried in broadcast messages and proprietary signaling.
  • part of the first information is transmitted by broadcast, and another part of the first information is transmitted by proprietary signaling.
  • the network load information can be transmitted by broadcast to reduce signaling overhead; historical switching information can be transmitted by proprietary signaling to reduce the amount of transmitted data.
  • the transmission of the first information may be actively requested by the first communication device, or may be sent by the second communication device itself.
  • the second communication device may periodically send a broadcast message including the first information.
  • the first communication device may send a request message to the second communication device, and the request message may be used to trigger the second communication device to send the first information.
  • the historical switching information corresponding to the first area is constantly changing, so the first information can be updated.
  • the update of the first information can be performed by a device that stores or maintains the first information. If the storage or maintenance of the first information is performed by a second communication device, the first communication device can send the information corresponding to the switching it has experienced to the second communication device so that the second communication device updates the first information.
  • the historical switching information of the first switching area can be determined based on the information corresponding to the switching.
  • the information corresponding to the switching may include one or more of the following information of the first communication device: the area or specific location at the time of switching, the selected target cell, the number of times the cell is selected, and the quality of service of the target cell after switching.
  • the update of the first information may be periodic and/or triggered by an update message.
  • periodic updates may also be referred to as static updates; updates triggered by update messages may also be referred to as dynamic updates.
  • the communication device storing or maintaining the first information may update the first information regularly according to a certain period.
  • the following takes the first communication device as a terminal device and the second communication device as a network device as an example to illustrate the periodic update of the first information.
  • the terminal device may report information corresponding to the switching it has experienced within a period of time to the network device.
  • the network device may summarize the information reported by multiple terminal devices including the first communication device, and periodically update the content of the first information stored or maintained by the network device. It can be understood that periodic updates can reduce signaling overhead.
  • messages used to trigger the update of the first information can all be update messages.
  • the update message can be a message used when the first communication device reports the information corresponding to the switch.
  • the communication device that stores or maintains the first information can update the first information.
  • the terminal device leaves the source base station and switches to the target base station, it can report the information corresponding to the switch it experienced in the source base station.
  • the network device can update the content of the first information. Dynamic updating can make the content in the first information update more quickly, thereby enhancing the ability of the device using the first information to perceive the environment.
  • the update of the first information may be a combination of static update and dynamic update, i.e., semi-static. For example, some areas update the first information in a static manner, and some areas update the first information in a dynamic manner. Some areas may be determined based on regional business requirements. Alternatively, some communication devices may update the first information in a dynamic manner; some communication devices may update the first information in a static manner. Some communication devices may be determined based on the service type of the communication device.
  • the update of the first information may be based on areas of different granularities.
  • the granularity of the updated area may be at the first area level or at the sampling point level.
  • the update of the first information may be based on the first area, that is, the second communication device may obtain, store and update the load conditions of the network devices with signal coverage in the first area and all historical switching information in the first area.
  • the update of the first information may be based on the sampling point location, that is, the second communication device may obtain, store and update the load conditions of the network devices with signal coverage within a certain range around the sampling point and the historical switching information within the range.
  • the location of the sampling point may be pre-set.
  • the granularity of the updated area may include the first area and the sampling point.
  • the network load information may be updated based on the first area, and the historical switching information may be updated based on the sampling point location.
  • the first area may be covered by multiple cells, and the first information may be used to indicate the historical switching information of all areas in the multiple cells, or may indicate the historical switching information of a part of the area (i.e., the first area is part or all of the area covered by some cells in the multiple cells). It is understandable that, in the case where the first information is the historical switching information of a part of the area, the data size of the first information may be reduced. In the case where the first information needs to be transmitted, the data overhead of transmitting the first information is greatly reduced.
  • the partial area can be determined based on the second information obtained historically.
  • the second information obtained historically can be used to determine the third information.
  • the first communication device can obtain the second information locally and determine the third information.
  • the first information corresponding to the third information can be determined.
  • the third information may include information of the candidate target cell.
  • the partial area may be part of or all of the area covered by the candidate target cell.
  • the first information corresponding to the third information may include historical switching information of part of or all of the area covered by the candidate target cell, that is, the first area is.
  • the first communication device can determine the technical solution of the target cell by itself, and the first communication device can obtain the second information twice (the second information obtained historically and the second information obtained in real time) to implement the switching process.
  • the first communication device can obtain the second information once (the second information obtained historically) and determine the third information based on the second information.
  • the third information may include information of the candidate target cell.
  • the first communication device can transmit the third information to the second communication device, and the second communication device can transmit the first information corresponding to the third information based on the third information.
  • the first information corresponding to the third information may only include the historical switching information of the candidate target cell.
  • the first communication device can obtain the second information again (the second information obtained in real time), and determine the third information again based on the first information corresponding to the third information and the second information obtained in real time.
  • the third information determined this time can be used for the first communication device to make a switching decision.
  • the third information can be used to indicate the target cell.
  • the first second information can be used to determine the third information (such as a list of candidate cells), and the second second information can be used in combination with the first information to further determine the target cell. Since the third information has been reported before, the second communication device has notified the candidate target cell to reserve resources. The first communication device can directly perform the switching operation based on the output result of the first model (target cell) without having to report to the base station. The two-step judgment of the target cell will enable the UE to use real-time second information in its decision-making, effectively solving the information delay problem caused by the interaction between the UE and the base station.
  • the third information such as a list of candidate cells
  • both the first communication device and the second communication device may be devices for implementing communication.
  • the first communication device may be a network device or a terminal device
  • the second communication device may be a network device or a terminal device.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device may be a terminal device and a network device, respectively.
  • the first communication device and the second communication device may both be terminal devices, that is, the first communication device and the second communication device may communicate with each other via a sidelink.
  • Example 1 The present application is described in detail below through Example 1 and Example 2.
  • FIG5 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method provided in Embodiment 1.
  • the first communication device may be a terminal device
  • the second communication device may be a network device.
  • the network device may be a source network device.
  • the method shown in FIG5 may include steps S510 to S560.
  • Step S510 The network device sends first information to the terminal device.
  • the first information may include historical switching information corresponding to the first area.
  • Step S520 The terminal device acquires second information by itself.
  • the second information may include information that the terminal device can directly acquire by itself.
  • Step S530 The terminal device inputs the first information and the second information into a first model to determine third information.
  • the first model may be an AI model.
  • the third information may include a list of candidate target cells.
  • Step S540 The terminal device sends third information to the network device.
  • Step S550 The network device determines fourth information based on the third information.
  • the fourth information may include relevant information of the target cell. Based on the fourth information, the network device may also notify the target base station to reserve access resources for the terminal device.
  • Step S560 The network device generates a handover command based on the fourth information.
  • the handover command is used to instruct the terminal device to execute a subsequent handover process to switch to the target cell.
  • FIG6 is a schematic flow chart of a communication method provided in Embodiment 2.
  • the first communication device may be a terminal device
  • the second communication device may be a network device.
  • the network device may be a source network device.
  • the method shown in FIG6 may include steps S610 to S670.
  • Step S610 The terminal device obtains second information.
  • Step S620 The terminal device inputs the second information into the first model to determine third information.
  • the third information may include a list of candidate target cells.
  • Step S630 The terminal device sends the third information to the network device.
  • Step S640 Based on the third information, the network device determines the first information corresponding to the third information.
  • the first information may include historical switching information of part or all of the areas covered by the candidate target cell.
  • Step S650 The network device sends the first information corresponding to the third information to the terminal device.
  • step S660 the terminal device obtains the second information again.
  • the second information obtained in step S660 can be understood as the second information currently obtained in real time, and the second information obtained in step S610 can be understood as the historical second information.
  • step S670 the terminal device inputs the second information obtained in step S660 and the first information obtained in step S650 into the first model to determine a switching decision.
  • the terminal device can perform a subsequent switching process according to the switching decision determined by itself.
  • FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 700 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 700 may be a first communication device.
  • the communication device 700 may include a first execution unit 710 .
  • the first execution unit 710 is used to perform a first operation related to switching based on switching auxiliary information, wherein the switching auxiliary information includes first information and/or second information; wherein, the first communication device is located in a first area, the first information includes historical switching information corresponding to the first area, and the second information includes information directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • the switching auxiliary information includes the second information; wherein the first operation includes: the first communication device determines the target cell by itself according to the second information acquired in real time; and the first communication device switches to the target cell.
  • the switching-related information also includes the first information, which is sent by the second communication device to the first communication device; wherein, based on the second information acquired in real time, the first communication device determines the target cell by itself, including: based on the second information and the first information acquired in real time, the first communication device determines the target cell by itself.
  • the first information is determined by the second communication device based on third information
  • the communication device further includes: a sending unit, used to send the third information to the second communication device, and the third information is determined by the second information obtained in real time by the first communication device before determining the third information.
  • the switching assistance information includes the first information and the second information; wherein, the first operation includes: the first communication device sends third information to the second communication device, and the third information is determined by the first communication device based on the first information and the second information; the first communication device receives fourth information sent by the second communication device, and the fourth information is used to indicate the target cell to which the first communication device is to switch.
  • the third information includes one or more of the following information of the first communication device: information of one or more candidate cells to which the first communication device can switch; priority of one or more neighboring cells; priority sorting of one or more neighboring cells; setting information of T304 timer of one or more neighboring cells.
  • the first area is covered by multiple cells, and the first information includes historical switching information of some areas in the multiple cells.
  • the partial area is determined based on second information acquired historically.
  • the first information also includes network load information.
  • the historical switching information includes one or more of the following information: information of the switching cell selected by a third communication device, the third communication device being a communication device in the first area that switches before the first communication device obtains the first information; the service quality of the switching cell after the third communication device switches; the number of times the first cell covering the first area is selected as the switching cell.
  • the service quality of the switching cell includes one or more of the following information: throughput, connection duration, and channel quality.
  • the second information includes one or more of the following information of the first communication device: quality information of the source cell, quality information of the neighboring cell, quality change information of the source cell, quality change information of the neighboring cell, location information, speed information, and direction information.
  • the sending of the first information is triggered by request information sent by the first communication device.
  • the first information is carried in a broadcast message and/or dedicated signaling.
  • the updating of the first information is periodic and/or triggered by an update message.
  • the range of the first area is determined according to received signal measurement information.
  • the third information is determined by an artificial intelligence AI model.
  • the AI model includes a supervised learning model or a reinforcement learning model.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device 800 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device 800 may be a second communication device.
  • the communication device 800 may include a receiving unit 810 and a second execution unit 820.
  • the receiving unit 810 is used to receive third information sent by the first communication device; the second execution unit 820 is used to perform a second operation related to switching based on the third information; wherein the third information is determined based on switching auxiliary information, the switching auxiliary information includes first information and/or second information, the first communication device is located in a first area, the first information includes historical switching information corresponding to the first area, and the second information includes information directly obtained by the first communication device.
  • the second operation includes: determining at least one of the following information based on the third information: a target cell to which the first communication device switches; and one or more candidate target cells to which the first communication device can switch.
  • the second operation includes: preparing communication resources for the first communication device according to the third information.
  • the third information includes one or more of the following information of the first communication device: information of one or more candidate target cells to which the first communication device can switch; priority of one or more neighboring cells; priority sorting of one or more neighboring cells; setting information of T304 timer of one or more neighboring cells.
  • the first area is covered by multiple cells, and the first information includes historical switching information of some areas in the multiple cells.
  • the partial area is determined based on second information acquired historically.
  • the first information also includes network load information.
  • the historical switching information includes one or more of the following information: information of the switching cell selected by a third communication device, the third communication device being a communication device in the first area that switches before the first communication device obtains the first information; the service quality of the switching cell after the third communication device switches; the number of times the first cell covering the first area is selected as the switching cell.
  • the service quality of the switching cell includes one or more of the following information: throughput, connection duration, and channel quality.
  • the second information includes one or more of the following information of the first communication device: quality information of the source cell, quality information of the neighboring cell, quality change information of the source cell, quality change information of the neighboring cell, location information, speed information, and direction information.
  • the sending of the first information is triggered by request information sent by the first communication device.
  • the first information is carried in a broadcast message and/or dedicated signaling.
  • the updating of the first information is periodic and/or triggered by an update message.
  • the range of the first area is determined according to received signal measurement information.
  • the third information is determined by an artificial intelligence AI model.
  • the AI model includes a supervised learning model or a reinforcement learning model.
  • the sending unit or the receiving unit may be a transceiver 930, and the first execution unit 710 or the second execution unit 920 may be a processor 910.
  • the communication device 700 or the communication device 800 may further include a memory 920, as specifically shown in FIG9 .
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the dotted lines in FIG9 indicate that the unit or module is optional.
  • the device 900 may be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiment.
  • the device 900 may be a chip, a terminal device or a network device.
  • the device 900 may include one or more processors 910.
  • the processor 910 may support the device 900 to implement the method described in the method embodiment above.
  • the processor 910 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuits
  • FPGA field programmable gate arrays
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the apparatus 900 may further include one or more memories 920.
  • the memory 920 stores a program, which can be executed by the processor 910, so that the processor 910 executes the method described in the above method embodiment.
  • the memory 920 may be independent of the processor 910 or integrated in the processor 910.
  • the apparatus 900 may further include a transceiver 930.
  • the processor 910 may communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 930.
  • the processor 910 may transmit and receive data with other devices or chips through the transceiver 930.
  • the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be applied to a terminal or network device provided in the present application, and the program enables a computer to execute the method performed by the terminal or network device in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a program.
  • the computer program product can be applied to the terminal or network device provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the program enables the computer to execute the method performed by the terminal or network device in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program.
  • the computer program can be applied to the terminal or network device provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program enables a computer to execute the method executed by the terminal or network device in each embodiment of the present application.
  • the "indication" mentioned can be a direct indication, an indirect indication, or an indication of an association relationship.
  • a indicates B which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; it can also mean that A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, B can be obtained through C; it can also mean that there is an association relationship between A and B.
  • B corresponding to A means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A.
  • determining B according to A does not mean determining B only according to A, and B can also be determined according to A and/or other information.
  • the term "corresponding" may indicate that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between the two, or an association relationship between the two, or a relationship of indication and being indicated, configuration and being configured, etc.
  • pre-definition or “pre-configuration” can be implemented by pre-saving corresponding codes, tables or other methods that can be used to indicate relevant information in a device (for example, including a terminal device and a network device), and the present application does not limit the specific implementation method.
  • pre-definition can refer to what is defined in the protocol.
  • the “protocol” may refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, it may include an LTE protocol, an NR protocol, and related protocols used in future communication systems, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the term "and/or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions can be transmitted from a website site, computer, server or data center by wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode to another website site, computer, server or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be read by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more available media integrated.
  • the available medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a digital video disc (DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a solid state disk (SSD)), etc.
  • a magnetic medium e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium e.g., a digital video disc (DVD)
  • DVD digital video disc
  • SSD solid state disk

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Abstract

本申请提供一种通信方法和通信设备。所述通信方法包括：基于切换辅助信息，第一通信设备执行与切换相关的第一操作，通信设备切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息；其中，通信设备第一通信设备位于第一区域内，通信设备第一信息包括通信设备第一区域对应的历史切换信息，通信设备第二信息包括通信设备第一通信设备直接获取的信息。基于第一信息包括的第一区域对应的历史切换信息，可以预测切换至不同邻区后所能带来的性能增益，从而为切换决策提供更丰富的环境信息。第二信息包括直接获取的信息，则第二信息的获取较为容易。另外，因此可以基于实时获取的第二信息确定第一通信设备的实时状态，从而实现准确的切换。

Description

通信方法以及通信设备 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，并且更为具体地，涉及一种通信方法和通信设备。
背景技术
相关技术中，切换过程可以基于诸如测量报告、终端设备的上下文信息的信息实现。但是，这些信息存在“短视”、获取或存储困难等诸多问题。这些问题会产生切换导致的连接中断、吞吐量低等问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种通信方法和通信设备。下面对本申请涉及的各个方面进行介绍。
第一方面，提供了一种通信方法，包括：基于切换辅助信息，第一通信设备执行与切换相关的第一操作，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息；其中，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
第二方面，提供一种通信方法，包括：第二通信设备接收第一通信设备发送的第三信息；根据所述第三信息，所述第二通信设备执行与切换相关的第二操作；其中，所述第三信息基于切换辅助信息确定，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
第三方面，提供一种通信设备，所述通信设备为第一通信设备，所述通信设备包括：第一执行单元，用于基于切换辅助信息，执行与切换相关的第一操作，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息；其中，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
第四方面，提供一种通信设备，所述通信设备为第二通信设备，所述通信设备包括：接收单元，用于接收第一通信设备发送的第三信息；第二执行单元，用于根据所述第三信息，执行与切换相关的第二操作；其中，所述第三信息基于切换辅助信息确定，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。第五方面，提供一种通信设备，包括处理器以及存储器，所述存储器用于存储一个或多个计算机程序，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的计算机程序使得所述终端设备执行第一方面或第二方面的方法中的部分或全部步骤。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信系统，该系统包括上述的通信设备。在另一种可能的设计中，该系统还可以包括本申请实施例提供的方案中与该通信设备进行交互的其他设备。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序使得终端执行上述各个方面的方法中的部分或全部步骤。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，其中，所述计算机程序产品包括存储了计算机程序的非瞬时性计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机程序可操作来使终端执行上述各个方面的方法中的部分或全部步骤。在一些实现方式中，该计算机程序产品可以为一个软件安装包。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供了一种芯片，该芯片包括存储器和处理器，处理器可以从存储器中调用并运行计算机程序，以实现上述各个方面的方法中所描述的部分或全部步骤。
基于第一信息，可以预测切换至不同邻区后所能带来的性能增益，从而为切换决策提供更加丰富的环境信息。另外，第一区域对应的历史切换信息是区域级别的历史切换信息因此，第一区域对应的历史切换信息的获取和存储可以由第一区域中计算或存储能力较强的设备实现，因此第一信息的获取和存储也更为容易。对于第二信息，由于第二信息是第一通信设备可以直接获取的，因此，第二信息的获取较为容易。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例应用的无线通信系统的示意图。
图2是一种基本切换流程的示例图。
图3是一种条件切换流程的示例图。
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意性流程图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法的示意性流程图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的再一种通信方法的示意性流程图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备的示意性结构图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种通信设备的示意性结构图。
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。为便于理解，下面对本申请涉及的术语进行说明。
图1是本申请实施例应用的无线通信系统100。该无线通信系统100可以包括网络设备110和终端设备120。网络设备110可以是与终端设备120通信的设备。网络设备110可以为特定的地理区域提供通信覆盖，并且可以与位于该覆盖区域内的终端设备120进行通信。
图1示例性地示出了一个网络设备和两个终端设备，在本申请的一些实施例中，该无线通信系统100可以包括多个网络设备并且每个网络设备的覆盖范围内可以包括其它数量的终端设备，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，该无线通信系统100还可以包括网络控制器、移动管理实体等其他网络实体，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
应理解，本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：第五代(5th generation，5G)系统或新无线(new radio，NR)、长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)等。本申请提供的技术方案还可以应用于未来的通信系统，如第六代移动通信系统，又如卫星通信系统，等等。
本申请实施例中的终端设备也可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。本申请实施例中的终端设备可以是指向用户提供语音和/或数据连通性的设备，可以用于连接人、物和机，例如具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。本申请的实施例中的终端设备可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑(Pad)、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、可穿戴设备，虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端等。在本申请的一些实施例中，UE可以用于充当基站。例如，UE可以充当调度实体，其在车辆外联(vehicle-to-everything，V2X)或设备到设备(device to device，D2D)等中的UE之间提供侧行链路信号。比如，蜂窝电话和汽车利用侧行链路信号彼此通信。蜂窝电话和智能家居设备之间通信，而无需通过基站中继通信信号。
本申请实施例中的网络设备可以是用于与终端设备通信的设备，该网络设备也可以称为接入网设备或无线接入网设备，如网络设备可以是基站。本申请实施例中的网络设备可以是指将终端设备接入到无线网络的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)节点(或设备)。基站可以广义的覆盖如下中的各种名称，或与如下名称进行替换，比如：节点B(NodeB)、演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNB)、下一代基站(next generation NodeB，gNB)、中继站、接入点、传输点(transmitting and receiving point，TRP)、发射点(transmitting point，TP)、主站(master eNB，MeNB)、辅站(secondary eNB，SeNB)、多标准无线(multi-standard radio，MSR)节点、家庭基站、网络控制器、接入节点、无线节点、接入点(access point，AP)、传输节点、收发节点、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)、射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)、有源天线单元(active antenna unit，AAU)、射频头(remote radio head，RRH)、中心单元(central unit，CU)、分布式单元(distributed unit，DU)、定位节点等。基站可以是宏基站、微基站、中继节点、施主节点或类似物，或其组合。基站还可以指用于设置于前述设备或装置内的通信模块、调制解调器或芯片。基站还可以是移动交换中心以及D2D、V2X、机器到机器(machine-to-machine，M2M)通信中承担基站功能的设备、6G网络中的网络侧设备、未来的通信系统中承担基站功能的设备等。基站可以支持相同或不同接入技术的网络。本申请的实施例对网络设备所采用的具体技术和具体设备形态不做限定。
基站可以是固定的，也可以是移动的。例如，直升机或无人机可以被配置成充当移动基站，一个或多个小区可以根据该移动基站的位置移动。在其他示例中，直升机或无人机可以被配置成用作与另一基站通信的设备。
在一些部署中，本申请实施例中的网络设备可以是指CU或者DU，或者，网络设备包括CU和DU。gNB还可以包括AAU。
网络设备和终端设备可以部署在陆地上，包括室内或室外、手持或车载；也可以部署在水面上；还可以部署在空中的飞机、气球和卫星上。本申请实施例中对网络设备和终端设备所处的场景不做限定。
应理解，本申请中的通信设备的全部或部分功能也可以通过在硬件上运行的软件功能来实现，或者通过平台(例如云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能来实现。
很多通信系统可以支持切换(handover HO)过程。例如，LTE系统和NR系统均可以支持连接态的终端设备的切换过程。切换过程可以为通信系统将终端设备与原小区的通信链路转移到新的小区(也称为目标小区)上的过程。当正在使用网络服务的终端设备从一个小区移动到另一个小区，或由于无线传输业务负荷量调整、激活操作维护、设备故障等原因，为了保证通信的连续性和服务的质量，通信系统可以执行切换过程。
下面以图2所示的Xn接口切换过程为例，对基本切换流程进行说明。如图2所示切换过程可以包括三个阶段：切换准备(handover preparation)、切换执行(handover execution)以及切换完成(handover completion)。
切换准备阶段可以包括测量控制和汇报、切换请求以及确认。在切换请求确认消息中包含目标小区生成的切换命令，源小区不允许对目标小区生成的切换命令进行任何修改，直接将切换命令转发给终端设备。
在切换执行阶段，终端设备在收到切换命令后立即执行切换过程。即，终端设备执行以下操作：源小区断开并与目标小区连接(detach from old cell synchronise to new cell)(如执行随机接入，发送无线资源控制(radio resource control，RRC)切换完成消息给目标基站等)、序列号(sequence number，SN)状态转移、数据转发等。
在切换完成阶段，目标小区与核心网接入和移动性管理功能(core access and mobility management function，AMF)和用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)执行路径切换(path switch)，终端设备在源基站的上下文被释放。
基本切换流程在相关无线通信系统里已经工作，但一些问题也逐渐暴露出来。例如，在基本切换流程中，终端设备在上报测量报告后以及在收到切换命令前需要一段时间间隔，该时间间隔是用于源小区发送切换请求并等待邻区回复响应所需要的时间，此外，这一时间间隔也包括网络设备和终端设备之间信令交互所需要的时间。一方面，该时间间隔的存在会导致终端设备收到切换命令时最优配置小区可能发生改变。极端地，该时间间隔的存在会导致当网络设备发送切换命令给终端设备时，终端设备已经不适于连接(例如由于通信环境过于差而无法接收该切换命令)，从而导致切换失败。
一些通信系统提供提出了针对上述问题的解决方案。例如，第三代移动通信标准化组织(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)在讨论中提出了条件切换的切换机制。图3为条件切换流程的示例图。在条件切换中，引入了第一触发条件和第二触发条件。第一触发条件触发终端设备进行测量上报以及相应地触发基站侧做好切换准备。第二触发条件触发终端设备向目标小区发起接入以完成切换。第一触发条件会弱于第二触发条件。如图3所示，第一触发条件可以与“低”门限("low"threshold)相关，第二触发条件可以与“高”门限("high"threshold)相关。在这种情况下，终端设备会先达到第一触发条件并触发相应的测量报告的上报，从而触发切换准备的过程。之后，当终端设备满足第二切换条件之后，终端设备可发起向目标基站的接入等相应操作，完成切换过程。可以理解的是，在满足第二切换条件的情况下，终端设备可以自行发起切换过程，而不需要等待网络设备侧的反馈。因此，条件切换可以避免基本切换流程产生的时间间隔，以避免切换失败。
由条件切换的流程可知，由于若干邻区需要针对不确定的终端设备行为预留资源以做好潜在的切换准备工作，其带来的资源占用要比基本切换流程大很多。当网络资源紧张时(例如高负载时)，这会影响整个系统的资源利用率以及整体网络性能。
当前的无线通信系统较以往来说，提供了更大的灵活性，强调对不同场景的广泛适用以及对有限资源的充分利用。但是，目前大部分工作的基础原理大多还是基于对实际通信环境的理论建模或者简单的参数选取来完成的，这种基本的工作方式所能带来的增益在多变场景及复杂通信环境下在逐渐弱化。在上文描述的基本切换与条件切换的方案就涉及该问题。针对这种情况，一些通信系统考虑采用人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)这一新的方法和思路，与传统无线通信理论及系统相结合，从而另辟蹊径，打破性能瓶颈，进一步提升无线通信系统的性能。
人工智能可以通过机器学习的方法实现。基本的机器学习的方法例如可以包括监督学习、非监督学习或强化学习。
监督学习有可以称为有监督学习或监督式学习。可以由训练资料中学到或创建一个模式(也可以称 为函数或学习模型(learning model))，并依此模式推测新的实例。训练资料是由输入对象(通常是向量)和预期输出所组成。输出可以是一个连续的值(称为回归分析)，或是预测一个分类标签(称作分类)。一个监督式学习者的任务在观察完一些事先标记过的训练示例(输入和预期输出)后，去预测这个函数对任何可能出现的输入的输出。要达到此目的，学习者必须以“合理”(归纳偏向)的方式从现有的资料中一般化到非观察到的情况。
强化学习强调如何基于环境而行动，以取得最大化的预期利益。与监督学习不同的是，强化学习不需要带标签的输入输出对，同时也无需对非最优解的精确地纠正。其关注点在于寻找探索(对未知领域的)和利用(对已有知识的)的平衡，强化学习中的“探索-利用”的交换，在多臂老虎机问题和有限马尔可夫决策过程(Markov decision processes，MDP)中研究得最多。对于MDP，在机器学习问题中，环境通常被抽象为MDP，很多强化学习算法在这种假设下才能使用动态规划的方法。传统的动态规划方法和强化学习算法的主要区别是，后者不需要关于MDP的知识，而且针对无法找到确切方法的大规模MDP。
如上文所述的基本切换流程和条件切换流程，相关技术在切换过程中，终端设备会基于测量结果上报测量报告。测量报告具体可以为参考信号接收功率。以基本切换流程为例，网络设备可以在收到测量报告后触发切换的流程，结合网络资源配置情况，从多个邻区中确定目标小区。随后，网络设备可以向终端设备发送切换命令，当终端设备接收到切换命令后可以向目标小区发起随机接入，继而完成切换流程。
基于测量报告确定目标小区的决策往往是“短视”的，即终端设备在成功接入目标小区之后可能在极短时间内离开该小区，引起乒乓效应。对终端设备而言，这会降低终端设备数据传输的有效时间，损坏吞吐量表现。对于网络设备而言，则增加了交互信令开销，挤占了不必要的网络预配置资源。
针对上述问题，可能的解决方案是在终端设备切换前预测其切换后的移动轨迹，并根据该轨迹决策切换的目标小区。然而，这需要实时获得终端设备移动过程中的精准位置信息，并结合诸如终端设备的历史移动数据、行为偏好等在内的诸多上下文信息实现。这些信息的获取和存储对于现有系统来说都十分难以实现。因此，相关技术中，以单一用户行为为导向的轨迹预测切换问题很难得到最优的解决方案。
由此可知，相关技术中，切换过程可以基于上述诸如测量报告、终端设备的上下文信息的信息实现。但是，这些信息存在“短视”、获取或存储困难等诸多问题，从而会发生切换导致的连接中断、网络吞吐量低的问题。
图4本申请实施例提供的一种通信方法的示意性流程图，以解决上述问题。图4所示的方法可以由第一通信设备和/或第二通信设备执行。图4所示的方法可以包括步骤S410。
步骤S410，基于切换辅助信息，第一通信设备执行与切换相关的第一操作。
切换辅助信息可以包括第一信息和/或第二信息。下面分别介绍第一信息和第二信息。
对于第一信息，第一通信设备可以位于第一区域内，第一信息可以包括第一区域对应的历史切换信息。历史切换信息可以是当前时刻以前第一时间窗内与切换相关的信息。其中，第一时间窗的结束时刻可以早于或等于当前时刻。在一些实施例中，历史切换信息也可以称为移动性上下文信息。
基于第一信息，第一通信设备可以获取到区域级别的历史切换信息。基于第一区域对应的历史切换信息，可以预测切换至不同邻区后所能带来的性能增益，从而为切换决策提供更加丰富的环境信息，即提高第一通信设备对环境的感知能力。因此，第一区域对应的历史切换信息可以解决上文所述的“短视”的问题，从而避免乒乓切换的情况，从而提高吞吐量。据研究，基于第一信息的切换可以实现超过40％的系统吞吐量的提升。另外，第一信息是区域级别的，因此，第一信息可以存储于第一区域中计算或存储能力较强的设备(例如覆盖第一区域的网络设备)中，这也在一定程度上解决了信息获取和存储的难题。
第二信息可以包括第一通信设备能够直接获取的信息。换句话说，第一通信设备不需要与其他设备进行交互，即可以自行即可获取第二信息。例如，第二信息可以不需要网络设备进行响应参考信号配置即可以获取的信息。在一些实施例中，第一通信设备可以包括传感器。第二信息可以是第一通信设备通过自身传感器直接采集到的信息。由于第二信息是第一通信设备可以直接获取的，因此，第二信息的获取较为容易。另外，第二信息可以是实时获取的，因此可以基于第二信息确定第一通信设备的实时状态，从而实现准确的切换。
下面详细举例说明第一信息和第二信息中可以包括的内容。
如上文所述，第一信息可以用于指示第一区域对应的历史切换信息。历史切换信息可以是当前时刻以前的第一时间窗内与切换相关的信息。
作为一种实现方式，历史切换信息可以包括以下信息中的一项或多项：第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息；第三通信设备切换后，切换小区的服务质量；覆盖第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区 的次数。其中，第三通信设备可以为在第一区域进行过通信的设备。例如，第三通信设备可以为在第一区域中在第一通信设备获取到第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备。或者，第三通信设备可以为当前时刻之前第一时间窗内发生切换的通信设备。需要说明的是，第三通信设备选择的切换小区也可以称为第三通信设备选择的目标小区。第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数可以为：第一小区在第一时间窗内被第三通信设备选择为目标小区的次数。
作为一种实现方式，历史切换信息可以包括第一区域历史上进行过通信的所有终端设备的切换信息。例如，历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：所述所有终端设备选择的目标小区的信息、覆盖第一区域的第一小区在历史上被所述所有终端设备选择的次数、所述所有终端设备切换后的目标小区的服务质量。
切换后的目标小区的服务质量可以包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、通信质量。
如上文所述，第一信息可以与第一区域相关。第一区域为第一通信设备所在的区域(例如可以包括第一通信设备周围的区域)。空间可以被划分为多个切换预测区域，第一区域可以为多个切换预测区域中的一个。换句话说，多个切换预测区域中，第一通信设备所在的区域可以为第一区域。将空间划分为多个切换预测区域，第一信息与其中的第一区域关联，可以降低存储第一信息的数据规模。
空间可以按照第一规则被划分为多个切换预测区域。第一规则例如可以与接收信道测量信息相关。换句话说，第一区域的范围可以根据接收信号测量信息确定。作为一种实现方式，第一区域可以与第一通信设备能够检测到最大的至少一个信号归属的一个或多个小区相关。作为一种实现方式，第一区域可以与第一通信设备能够检测到的最大n个信号归属小区相关，第一区域可以为n个信号归属小区覆盖区域的总和或n个信号归属小区均覆盖的区域。例如，第一切换预测区域可以为第一通信设备能够检测到的最大三个信号归属小区1、2、3均覆盖的区域。或者，第二切换预测区域可以为第一通信设备能够检测到的最大三个信号归属小区1、2、4的共同覆盖的区域。第一区域可以为第一切换预测区域或第二预测区域中的一个。
在一些实施例中，第一信息还可以用于指示网络负载信息。也就是说，在第一通信设备可以基于网络负载信息，执行与切换相关的第一操作。以第一操作为切换决策为例，第一通信设备可以基于第一区域对应的历史切换信息以及网络负载信息，自行进行切换决策。
第二信息可以包括第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息等。其中，方向信息可以包括第一通信设备的移动方向信息。例如，方向信息可包括第一通信设备移动的方位角。
第一通信设备获取到第二信息后，可以根据第二信息自行进行第一操作，而不需要将第二信息传输给其他设备。一方面，第二信息难以被其他设备获取，从而可以有效保护第一通信设备的隐私。另一方面，减少了第一通信设备需要传输的数据量。再一方面，在第一通信设备能力较强(例如第一通信设备为智慧车机，与第一通信设备通信的设备为一陈旧设备，未配置充足算力)的情况下，由第一通信设备自行执行第一操作更为合适。
作为一种实现方式，切换辅助信息可以包括第二信息。第一操作可以包括：根据实时获取的第二信息，第一通信设备自行确定目标小区，并且，第一通信设备切换至目标小区。换句话说，第一通信设备可以利用自行实时获取的完整的第二信息自行确定目标小区，并且根据自行决策的结果执行切换。
在一些实施例中，切换辅助信息不仅可以包括第二信息，还可以包括第一信息。第一信息可以由第二通信设备发送至第一通信设备。第一通信设备可以根据实时获取的第二信息和第一信息，自行确定目标小区。
在一些实施例中，第一操作可以包括：基于第一信息和/或第二信息，第一通信设备可以确定第三信息。其中，第二信息可以为第一通信设备在确定第三信息前实时获取的，也就是说，第三信息可以由第一通信设备在确定第三信息之前实时获取的第二信息确定。
作为一种实现方式，第一信息和/或第二信息可以输入第一模型，第一模型的输出可以为第三信息。以第一模型为AI模型为例，第一通信设备可以将第一信息和/或第二信息输入AI模型，AI模型的输出即可以为第三信息。AI模型例如可以包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。例如，AI模型可以包括决策树模型、多臂老虎机模型以及深度Q网络(deep Q network，DQN)模型中的一项或多项。
第三信息例如可以包括第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区的信息；一个或多个邻小区的优先级；一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。一个或多个候选目标小区例如可以包括：一个或多个邻小区或与未来不同时间点关联的多个小区。一个或多个候选目标小区可以组成列表。另外，优先级可以通过权重表示。第三信息也可以包括测量报告(例如参考信号接收功率)。
在第一通信设备获取到第三信息后，第一操作还可以包括：将所述第三信息发送至第二通信设备。 如图4所示，图4所示的方法可以包括步骤S420和S430。
步骤S420，第二通信设备接收第一通信设备发送的第三信息。
步骤S430，根据第三信息，第二通信设备可以执行与切换相关的第二操作。
在一些实施例中，第二操作可以包括：根据第三信息，确定以下信息中的一项或多项：第一通信设备切换的目标小区、第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区。换句话说，第二通信设备可以对第一通信设备的切换过程进行决策。
以第二操作包括第二通信设备根据第三信息确定第一通信设备切换的目标小区为例进行说明，第三信息可以根据第一信息和第二信息确定。第二通信设备可以根据第三信息确定第四信息。第四信息可以用于指示所述第一通信设备要切换至的目标小区。第二通信设备可以结合网络的实时资源分布情况(例如网络拓扑情况、负载迁移情况)，生成第四信息。第二通信设备可以将第四信息发送给第一通信设备，第二通信设备还可以通知目标基站预留第一通信设备的接入资源。第二通信设备还可以生成切换命令，以通知第一通信设备执行后续切换流程。
在一些实施例中，第二操作可以包括：根据第三信息，为第一通信设备准备通信资源。以第三信息包括候选的目标小区信息为例，第二通信设备可以根据候选的目标小区为第一通信设备准备资源。以第二通信设备为网络设备、第一通信设备为终端设备为例，在条件切换中，网络设备判断候选的目标小区，通常候选的目标小区的数量较多，以确保终端设备能够成功接入。在本实施例中，由于候选的目标小区是终端数设备在本地根据第一信息和/或第二信息确定的，因此，候选的目标小区的数量远小于条件切换中网络设备确定的候选的目标小区数量。因此，网络设备根据第三信息准备的资源大大减少，从而提高资源利用率以及整体网络性能。
在一些实施例中，第二操作可以包括发送第三信息对应的第一信息。以第三信息包括候选的目标小区信息为例，第三信息对应的第一信息可以用于指示候选目标小区覆盖的部分或全部区域的历史切换信息。换句话说，第一区域可以是候选目标小区覆盖的部分或全部区域。
在一些实施例中，图3所示的方法还可以包括步骤：第一通信设备接收第一信息。也就是说，第一信息可以是其他设备获取并发送至第一通信设备的。
下面以第一信息的发送方为第二通信设备为例进行说明。
作为一种实现方式，第一信息可以承载于广播消息中。广播消息的广播范围可以是第一区域。例如，第二通信设备可以向第一区域内的所有通信设备广播第一信息。换句话说，接收广播消息的通信设备可以为第一区域内的通信设备。广播消息例如可以为系统信息广播(system information broadcast，SIB)消息。SIB消息可以包括SIB1消息、SIB2消息以及SIB3-SIB8消息中的一项或多项。通过广播方式传输第一信息，可以减少第二通信设备的信令传输量，降低了第二通信设备处理的复杂度。
作为一种实现方式，第一信息可以承载于专有信令中。专有信令例如可以为RRC专有信令。例如，第一信息可以承载于RRC重配消息中。第二通信设备可以根据第一通信设备的位置，确定第一区域并向第一通信设备定向地发送对应的第一信息。其中，第一通信设备的位置可以通过定位系统确定，也可以通过第一通信设备上报的接收信号测量信息确定。这种方式可以降低第一通信设备接收到的第一信息的规模，减小第一通信设备的数据处理量。
需要说明的是，第一信息可以通过广播与专有信令结合的方式传输，即第一信息可以承载于广播消息和专有信令中。在一些实施例中，第一信息的一部分通过广播的方式传输，第一信息的另一部分通过专有信令传输。例如，在第一信息包括网络负载信息的情况下，网络负载信息可以通过广播方式传输，减小信令开销；历史切换信息可以通过专有信令方式传输，降低传输数据量。
需要说明的是，第一信息的传输可以是第一通信设备主动申请的，也可以是第二通信设备自行发送的。例如，在第一信息是通过广播消息发送的情况下，第二通信设备可以周期性地发送包括第一信息的广播消息。或者，在条件切换中，在满足第一条件的情况下，第一通信设备可以向第二通信设备发送请求消息，该请求消息可以用于触发第二通信设备发送第一信息。
随着时间的流逝，第一区域对应的历史切换信息是不断变化的，因此第一信息可以进行更新。第一信息的更新可以由存储或维护第一信息的设备执行。如果第一信息的存储或维护由第二通信设备执行，则第一通信设备可以将其经历的切换对应的信息发送给第二通信设备，以便第二通信设备对第一信息进行更新。换句话说，第一切换区域的历史切换信息可以基于切换对应的信息确定的。切换对应的信息可以包括第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：切换时所处的区域或具体位置、所选择的目标小区、小区被选择的次数以及切后目标小区的服务质量。
第一信息的更新可以是周期性的和/或更新消息触发的。在一些实施中，周期性更新也可以称为静态更新；更新消息触发的更新也可以称为动态更新。
对于周期性更新，存储或维护第一信息的通信设备可以按照一定周期定时更新第一信息。下面以第 一通信设备为终端设备，第二通信设备为网络设备为例，说明周期性更新的第一信息。终端设备可以将其在一段时间内经历的切换对应的信息上报给网络设备。网络设备可以汇总包括第一通信设备在内的多个终端设备上报的信息，周期性地更新网络设备存储或维护的第一信息的内容。可以理解的是，周期性更新可以减少信令开销。
动态更新中，用于触发第一信息更新的消息均可以为更新消息。例如，更新消息可以为第一通信设备上报切换对应的信息时使用的消息。存储或维护第一信息的通信设备在接收到更新消息后，即可更新第一信息。继续以第一通信设备为终端设备，第二通信设备为网络设备为例，进行说明。终端设备在离开源基站切换至目标基站后，可以上报其在源基站所经历的切换对应的信息。网络设备在收到上报信息后，可以更新第一信息内容。动态更新可以使得第一信息中的内容的更新更加迅速，从而增强使用第一信息的设备对环境的感知能力。
在一些实施例中，第一信息的更新可以是静态更新与动态更新结合的，即半静态的。例如，部分区域以静态的方式更新第一信息，部分信息以动态方式更新第一信息。部分区域可以根据区域业务需求确定。或者，部分通信设备可以通过动态方式更新第一信息；部分通信设备可以通过静态方式更新第一信息。部分通信设备可以根据通信设备的服务类型确定。
第一信息的更新可以基于不同粒度的区域。更新的区域的粒度可以为第一区域级别的，也可以为采样点级别的。例如，第一信息的更新可以是基于第一区域的，即第二通信设备可以获取、存储并更新第一区域内有信号覆盖的网络设备的负载情况以及该第一区域内所有历史切换信息。或者，第一信息的更新可以是基于采样点位置的，即第二通信设备可以获取、存储并更新采样点周围一定范围内有信号覆盖的网络设备的负载情况以及该范围内历史切换信息。其中，采样点的位置可以是预先设置的。或者，更新的区域的粒度可以包括第一区域和采样点。作为一种实现方式，网络负载信息可以基于第一区域更新，历史切换信息可以基于采样点位置更新。
第一区域可以被多个小区覆盖，第一信息可以用于指示多个小区中的全部区域的历史切换信息，也可以指示部分区域的历史切换信息(即第一区域为多个小区中的部分小区覆盖的部分或全部区域)。可以理解的是，在第一信息为部分区域的历史切换信息的情况下，可以减少第一信息的数据规模。在需要对第一信息进行传输的情况下，传输第一信息的数据开销大大减少。
部分区域可以根据历史获取的第二信息确定。历史获取的第二信息可以用于确定第三信息。例如，第一通信设备可以在本地获取第二信息，并确定第三信息。基于第三信息，可以确定与第三信息对应的第一信息。如上文所述，第三信息可以包括候选的目标小区的信息。部分区域可以为候选的目标小区覆盖的部分或全部区域。换句话说，第三信息对应的第一信息可以包括候选的目标小区覆盖的部分或全部区域的历史切换信息，即第一区域为。
结合上文所述的，根据实时获取的第二信息，第一通信设备可以自行确定目标小区的技术方案，第一通信设备可以获取两次第二信息(历史获取的第二信息和实时获取的第二信息)，以实现切换过程。例如，第一通信设备可以获取一次的第二信息(历史获取的第二信息)，并根据该第二信息确定第三信息。第三信息可以包括候选的目标小区的信息。第一通信设备可以将第三信息传输至第二通信设备，第二通信设备可以根据该第三信息，传输与第三信息对应的第一信息。与第三信息对应的第一信息中可以只包括候选的目标小区的历史切换信息。第一通信设备可以再次获取第二信息(实时获取的第二信息)，并根据第三信息对应的第一信息以及实时获取的第二信息，再次确定第三信息。本次确定的第三信息可以用于第一通信设备进行切换决策。例如，第三信息可以用于指示目标小区。
第一次的第二信息可以用来确定第三信息(例如候选小区列表)，第二次的第二信息可以用于与第一信息结合进一步判断目标小区。由于之前已经进行了第三信息的上报，第二通信设备已经通知候选的目标小区预留资源，第一通信设备可以直接根据第一模型的输出结果(目标小区)进行切换操作，不必再向基站进行上报。对于目标小区的两步判决将使得UE决策能使用实时的第二信息，有效解决了UE与基站交互所带来的信息延时问题。
需要说明的是，第一通信设备和第二通信设备均可以为用于实现通信的设备。例如，第一通信设备可以为网络设备或终端设备，第二通信设备可以为网络设备或终端设备。作为一种实现方式，第一通信设备和第二通信设备可以分别为终端设备和网络设备。作为另一种实现方式，第一通信设备和第二通信设备可以均为终端设备，即第一通信设备和第二通信设备之间可以通过侧行链路(sidelink)进行通信。
需要说明的是，本申请提供的实施例可以与相关技术中的切换流程结合实施。例如，本申请提供的实施例可以与基本切换流程结合，也可以与条件切换流程结合。
下面通过实施例1和实施例2对本申请进行详细的描述。
实施例1
图5为实施例1提供的通信方法的示意性流程图。在图5所示的方法中，第一通信设备可以为终端设备，第二通信设备可以为网络设备。其中，网络设备可以为源网络设备。图5所示的方法可以包括步骤S510～S560。
步骤S510，网络设备向终端设备发送第一信息。第一信息可以包括第一区域对应的历史切换信息。
步骤S520，终端设备自行获取第二信息。第二信息可以包括终端设备可以自行直接获取的信息。
步骤S530，终端设备将第一信息和第二信息输入第一模型，确定第三信息。第一模型可以为AI模型。第三信息可以包括候选目标小区的列表。
步骤S540，终端设备向网络设备发送第三信息。
步骤S550，网络设备基于第三信息确定第四信息。第四信息可以包括目标小区的相关信息。基于第四信息，网络设备还可以通知目标基站为终端设备预留接入资源。
步骤S560，网络设备基于第四信息生成切换命令。切换命令用于指示终端设备执行后续切换流程以切换到目标小区。
实施例2
图6为实施例2提供的通信方法的示意性流程图。在图6所示的方法中，第一通信设备可以为终端设备，第二通信设备可以为网络设备。其中，网络设备可以为源网络设备。图6所示的方法可以包括步骤S610～S670。
步骤S610，终端设备获取第二信息。
步骤S620，终端设备将第二信息输入第一模型，确定第三信息。第三信息可以包括候选的目标小区的列表。
步骤S630，终端设备将第三信息发送至网络设备。
步骤S640，根据第三信息，网络设备确定第三信息对应的第一信息。例如，第一信息可以包括候选目标小区覆盖的部分或全部区域的历史切换信息。
步骤S650，网络设备向终端设备发送第三信息对应的第一信息。
步骤S660，终端设备再次获取第二信息。与步骤S610相比，步骤S660中获取的第二信息可以理解为当前实时获取的第二信息，步骤S610中获取的第二信息可以理解为历史的第二信息。
步骤S670，终端设备将步骤S660获取的第二信息以及步骤S650获取的第一信息输入第一模型，确定切换决策。终端设备可以根据其自行确定的切换决策，执行后续的切换过程。
上文结合图1至图6，详细描述了本申请的方法实施例，下面结合图7至图9，详细描述本申请的装置实施例。应理解，方法实施例的描述与装置实施例的描述相互对应，因此，未详细描述的部分可以参见前面方法实施例。
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备700的示意性结构图。通信设备700可以为第一通信设备。通信设备700可以包括第一执行单元710。
第一执行单元710用于基于切换辅助信息，执行与切换相关的第一操作，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息；其中，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述切换辅助信息包括所述第二信息；其中，所述第一操作包括：根据实时获取的所述第二信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区；所述第一通信设备切换至所述目标小区。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述切换相关信息还包括所述第一信息，所述第一信息由第二通信设备发送至所述第一通信设备；其中，所述根据实时获取的所述第二信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区，包括：根据实时获取的所述第二信息和所述第一信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息由所述第二通信设备基于第三信息确定，所述通信设备还包括：发送单元，用于向所述第二通信设备发送所述第三信息，所述第三信息由所述第一通信设备在确定所述第三信息前实时获取的所述第二信息确定。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述切换辅助信息包括所述第一信息和所述第二信息；其中，所述第一操作包括：所述第一通信设备向第二通信设备发送第三信息，所述第三信息由所述第一通信设备基于所述第一信息和所述第二信息确定；所述第一通信设备接收所述第二通信设备发送的第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一通信设备要切换至的目标小区。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第三信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选小区的信息；一个或多个邻小区的优先级；一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一区域被多个小区覆盖，所述第一信息包括所述多个小区中的部 分区域的历史切换信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述部分区域是根据历史获取的第二信息确定的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息还包括网络负载信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息，所述第三通信设备为所述第一区域中在所述第一通信设备获取到所述第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备；所述第三通信设备切换后，所述切换小区的服务质量；覆盖所述第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述切换小区的服务质量包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、信道质量。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息的发送由所述第一通信设备发送的请求信息触发。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息承载于广播消息和/或专有信令中。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息的更新是周期性的和/或由更新消息触发的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一区域的范围是根据接收信号测量信息确定的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第三信息是通过人工智能AI模型确定的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述AI模型包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备800的示意性结构图。通信设备800可以为第二通信设备。通信设备800可以包括接收单元810和第二执行单元820。
接收单元810用于接收第一通信设备发送的第三信息；第二执行单元820用于根据所述第三信息，执行与切换相关的第二操作；其中，所述第三信息基于切换辅助信息确定，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二操作包括：根据所述第三信息，确定以下信息中的至少一项：所述第一通信设备切换的目标小区；所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二操作包括：根据所述第三信息，为所述第一通信设备准备通信资源。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第三信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区的信息；一个或多个邻小区的优先级；一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一区域被多个小区覆盖，所述第一信息包括所述多个小区中的部分区域的历史切换信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述部分区域是根据历史获取的第二信息确定的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息还包括网络负载信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息，所述第三通信设备为所述第一区域中在所述第一通信设备获取到所述第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备；所述第三通信设备切换后，所述切换小区的服务质量；覆盖所述第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述切换小区的服务质量包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、信道质量。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息的发送由所述第一通信设备发送的请求信息触发。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息承载于广播消息和/或专有信令中。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一信息的更新是周期性的和/或由更新消息触发的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第一区域的范围是根据接收信号测量信息确定的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述第三信息是通过人工智能AI模型确定的。
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述AI模型包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。
在可选的实施例中，所述发送单元、或接收单元可以为收发器930，第一执行单元710或第二执行单元920可以为处理器910。通信设备700或通信设备800还可以包括存储器920，具体如图9所示。
图9是本申请实施例的通信装置的示意性结构图。图9中的虚线表示该单元或模块为可选的。该装置900可用于实现上述方法实施例中描述的方法。装置900可以是芯片、终端设备或网络设备。
装置900可以包括一个或多个处理器910。该处理器910可支持装置900实现前文方法实施例所描述的方法。该处理器910可以是通用处理器或者专用处理器。例如，该处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)。或者，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
装置900还可以包括一个或多个存储器920。存储器920上存储有程序，该程序可以被处理器910执行，使得处理器910执行前文方法实施例所描述的方法。存储器920可以独立于处理器910也可以集成在处理器910中。
装置900还可以包括收发器930。处理器910可以通过收发器930与其他设备或芯片进行通信。例如，处理器910可以通过收发器930与其他设备或芯片进行数据收发。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，用于存储程序。该计算机可读存储介质可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中，并且该程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由终端或网络设备执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品。该计算机程序产品包括程序。该计算机程序产品可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中，并且该程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由终端或网络设备执行的方法。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序。该计算机程序可应用于本申请实施例提供的终端或网络设备中，并且该计算机程序使得计算机执行本申请各个实施例中的由终端或网络设备执行的方法。
应理解，本申请中术语“系统”和“网络”可以被可互换使用。另外，本申请使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。本申请的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请的实施例中，提到的“指示”可以是直接指示，也可以是间接指示，还可以是表示具有关联关系。举例说明，A指示B，可以表示A直接指示B，例如B可以通过A获取；也可以表示A间接指示B，例如A指示C，B可以通过C获取；还可以表示A和B之间具有关联关系。
在本申请实施例中，“与A相应的B”表示B与A相关联，根据A可以确定B。但还应理解，根据A确定B并不意味着仅仅根据A确定B，还可以根据A和/或其它信息确定B。
在本申请实施例中，术语“对应”可表示两者之间具有直接对应或间接对应的关系，也可以表示两者之间具有关联关系，也可以是指示与被指示、配置与被配置等关系。
本申请实施例中，“预定义”或“预配置”可以通过在设备(例如，包括终端设备和网络设备)中预先保存相应的代码、表格或其他可用于指示相关信息的方式来实现，本申请对于其具体的实现方式不做限定。比如预定义可以是指协议中定义的。
本申请实施例中，所述“协议”可以指通信领域的标准协议，例如可以包括LTE协议、NR协议以及应用于未来的通信系统中的相关协议，本申请对此不做限定。
本申请实施例中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(digital subscriber line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够读取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，数字通用光盘(digital video disc，DVD))或者半导体介质(例如，固态硬盘(solid state disk，SSD))等。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (74)

  1. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基于切换辅助信息，第一通信设备执行与切换相关的第一操作，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息；
    其中，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切换辅助信息包括所述第二信息；
    其中，所述第一操作包括：
    根据实时获取的所述第二信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区；
    所述第一通信设备切换至所述目标小区。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切换相关信息还包括所述第一信息，所述第一信息由第二通信设备发送至所述第一通信设备；
    其中，所述根据实时获取的所述第二信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区，包括：
    根据实时获取的所述第二信息和所述第一信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息由所述第二通信设备基于第三信息确定，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一通信设备向所述第二通信设备发送所述第三信息，所述第三信息由所述第一通信设备在确定所述第三信息前实时获取的所述第二信息确定。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切换辅助信息包括所述第一信息和所述第二信息；
    其中，所述第一操作包括：
    所述第一通信设备向第二通信设备发送第三信息，所述第三信息由所述第一通信设备基于所述第一信息和所述第二信息确定；
    所述第一通信设备接收所述第二通信设备发送的第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一通信设备要切换至的目标小区。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：
    所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选小区的信息；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；
    一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息还包括网络负载信息。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：
    第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息，所述第三通信设备为所述第一区域中在所述第一通信设备获取到所述第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备；
    所述第三通信设备切换后，所述切换小区的服务质量；
    覆盖所述第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切换小区的服务质量包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、信道质量。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一区域被多个小区覆盖，所述第一信息包括所述多个小区中的部分区域的历史切换信息。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述部分区域是根据历史获取的第二信息确定的。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息的发送由所述第一通信设备发送的请求信息触发。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息承载于广播消息和/或专有信令中。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息的更新是周期性的和/或 由更新消息触发的。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一区域的范围是根据接收信号测量信息确定的。
  17. 根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息是通过人工智能AI模型确定的。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AI模型包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。
  19. 一种通信方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第二通信设备接收第一通信设备发送的第三信息；
    根据所述第三信息，所述第二通信设备执行与切换相关的第二操作；
    其中，所述第三信息基于切换辅助信息确定，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二操作包括：根据所述第三信息，确定以下信息中的至少一项：
    所述第一通信设备切换的目标小区；
    所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二操作包括：根据所述第三信息，为所述第一通信设备准备通信资源。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：
    所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区的信息；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；
    一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。
  23. 根据权利要求19-22中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息还包括网络负载信息。
  24. 根据权利要求19-23中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：
    第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息，所述第三通信设备为所述第一区域中在所述第一通信设备获取到所述第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备；
    所述第三通信设备切换后，所述切换小区的服务质量；
    覆盖所述第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述切换小区的服务质量包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、信道质量。
  26. 根据权利要求19-25中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息。
  27. 根据权利要求19-26中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一区域被多个小区覆盖，所述第一信息包括所述多个小区中的部分区域的历史切换信息。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的方法，其特征在于，所述部分区域是根据历史获取的第二信息确定的。
  29. 根据权利要求19-28中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第一信息的发送由所述第一通信设备发送的请求信息触发。
  30. 根据权利要求19-29中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息承载于广播消息和/或专有信令中。
  31. 根据权利要求19-30中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一信息的更新是周期性的和/或由更新消息触发的。
  32. 根据权利要求19-31中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一区域的范围是根据接收信号测量信息确定的。
  33. 根据权利要求19-32中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三信息是通过人工智能AI模型确定的。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的方法，其特征在于，所述AI模型包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。
  35. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括：
    第一执行单元，用于基于切换辅助信息，执行与切换相关的第一操作，所述切换辅助信息包括第一 信息和/或第二信息；
    其中，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
  36. 根据权利要求35所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述切换辅助信息包括所述第二信息；
    其中，所述第一操作包括：
    根据实时获取的所述第二信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区；
    所述第一通信设备切换至所述目标小区。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述切换相关信息还包括所述第一信息，所述第一信息由第二通信设备发送至所述第一通信设备；
    其中，所述根据实时获取的所述第二信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区，包括：
    根据实时获取的所述第二信息和所述第一信息，所述第一通信设备自行确定目标小区。
  38. 根据权利要求37所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息由所述第二通信设备基于第三信息确定，所述通信设备还包括：
    发送单元，用于向所述第二通信设备发送所述第三信息，所述第三信息由所述第一通信设备在确定所述第三信息前实时获取的所述第二信息确定。
  39. 根据权利要求35所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述切换辅助信息包括所述第一信息和所述第二信息；
    其中，所述第一操作包括：
    所述第一通信设备向第二通信设备发送第三信息，所述第三信息由所述第一通信设备基于所述第一信息和所述第二信息确定；
    所述第一通信设备接收所述第二通信设备发送的第四信息，所述第四信息用于指示所述第一通信设备要切换至的目标小区。
  40. 根据权利要求38或39所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第三信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：
    所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选小区的信息；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；
    一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。
  41. 根据权利要求35-40中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一区域被多个小区覆盖，所述第一信息包括所述多个小区中的部分区域的历史切换信息。
  42. 根据权利要求41所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述部分区域是根据历史获取的第二信息确定的。
  43. 根据权利要求35-42中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息还包括网络负载信息。
  44. 根据权利要求35-43中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：
    第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息，所述第三通信设备为所述第一区域中在所述第一通信设备获取到所述第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备；
    所述第三通信设备切换后，所述切换小区的服务质量；
    覆盖所述第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数。
  45. 根据权利要求44所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述切换小区的服务质量包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、信道质量。
  46. 根据权利要求35-45中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息。
  47. 根据权利要求35-46中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息的发送由所述第一通信设备发送的请求信息触发。
  48. 根据权利要求35-47中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息承载于广播消息和/或专有信令中。
  49. 根据权利要求35-48中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息的更新是周期性的和/或由更新消息触发的。
  50. 根据权利要求35-49中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一区域的范围是根据接收 信号测量信息确定的。
  51. 根据权利要求38-40中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第三信息是通过人工智能AI模型确定的。
  52. 根据权利要求51所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述AI模型包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。
  53. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于接收第一通信设备发送的第三信息；
    第二执行单元，用于根据所述第三信息，执行与切换相关的第二操作；
    其中，所述第三信息基于切换辅助信息确定，所述切换辅助信息包括第一信息和/或第二信息，所述第一通信设备位于第一区域内，所述第一信息包括所述第一区域对应的历史切换信息，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备直接获取的信息。
  54. 根据权利要求53所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第二操作包括：根据所述第三信息，确定以下信息中的至少一项：
    所述第一通信设备切换的目标小区；
    所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区。
  55. 根据权利要求53或54所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第二操作包括：根据所述第三信息，为所述第一通信设备准备通信资源。
  56. 根据权利要求53-55中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第三信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：
    所述第一通信设备能够切换的一个或多个候选目标小区的信息；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级；
    一个或多个邻小区的优先级排序；
    一个或多个邻小区的T304定时器的设置信息。
  57. 根据权利要求53-56中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一区域被多个小区覆盖，所述第一信息包括所述多个小区中的部分区域的历史切换信息。
  58. 根据权利要求57所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述部分区域是根据历史获取的第二信息确定的。
  59. 根据权利要求53-58中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息还包括网络负载信息。
  60. 根据权利要求53-59中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述历史切换信息包括以下信息中的一项或多项：
    第三通信设备选择的切换小区的信息，所述第三通信设备为所述第一区域中在所述第一通信设备获取到所述第一信息之前发生切换的通信设备；
    所述第三通信设备切换后，所述切换小区的服务质量；
    覆盖所述第一区域的第一小区被选择作为切换小区的次数。
  61. 根据权利要求60所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述切换小区的服务质量包括以下信息中的一项或多项：吞吐量、连接时长、信道质量。
  62. 根据权利要求53-61中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第二信息包括所述第一通信设备的以下信息中的一项或多项：源小区的质量信息、邻小区的质量信息、源小区的质量变化信息、邻小区的质量变化信息、位置信息、速度信息、方向信息。
  63. 根据权利要求53-62中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息的发送由所述第一通信设备发送的请求信息触发。
  64. 根据权利要求53-63中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息承载于广播消息和/或专有信令中。
  65. 根据权利要求53-64中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一信息的更新是周期性的和/或由更新消息触发的。
  66. 根据权利要求53-65中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第一区域的范围是根据接收信号测量信息确定的。
  67. 根据权利要求53-66中任一项所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述第三信息是通过人工智能AI模型确定的。
  68. 根据权利要求67所述的通信设备，其特征在于，所述AI模型包括监督学习模型或强化学习模型。
  69. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述存储器中的程序，以使所述通信设备执行如权利要求1-34中任一项所述的方法。
  70. 一种装置，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于从存储器中调用程序，以使所述装置执行如权利要求1-34中任一项所述的方法。
  71. 一种芯片，其特征在于，包括处理器，用于从存储器调用程序，使得安装有所述芯片的设备执行如权利要求1-34中任一项所述的方法。
  72. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，其上存储有程序，所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-34中任一项所述的方法。
  73. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，包括程序，所述程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-34中任一项所述的方法。
  74. 一种计算机程序，其特征在于，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如权利要求1-34中任一项所述的方法。
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