WO2024093316A1 - 摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备 - Google Patents

摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024093316A1
WO2024093316A1 PCT/CN2023/104474 CN2023104474W WO2024093316A1 WO 2024093316 A1 WO2024093316 A1 WO 2024093316A1 CN 2023104474 W CN2023104474 W CN 2023104474W WO 2024093316 A1 WO2024093316 A1 WO 2024093316A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
guide
camera
magnet
camera motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/104474
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
付乾炎
郭利德
赵旭辉
丁睿明
黄金豪
卢磊
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Publication of WO2024093316A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093316A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/06—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using expansion or contraction of bodies due to heating, cooling, moistening, drying or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
    • G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
    • G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
    • G02B7/09—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification adapted for automatic focusing or varying magnification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
    • G03B13/32—Means for focusing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/02—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moved one way by energisation of a single coil system and returned by mechanical force, e.g. by springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/18—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with coil systems moving upon intermittent or reversed energisation thereof by interaction with a fixed field system, e.g. permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electronic equipment, and in particular to a camera motor, a camera module and electronic equipment.
  • the present application provides a camera motor, a camera module and an electronic device, which can reduce the power consumption of the motor and increase the focusing actuation speed of the motor by optimizing the structure of the camera motor.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a camera motor, comprising a base, a driving unit and a movable part; wherein an elastic member is provided between the movable part and the base, specifically, one end of the elastic member can be fixed to the base, and the other end is a free end, which can be abutted against the movable part; under the action of external force and the elastic member, the movable part can switch between a retracted position relatively close to the base and a pop-up position relatively far from the base, and the external force includes a force applied to the movable part in the direction toward the base; when the external force applied to the movable part in the direction toward the base is greater than the elastic force of the elastic member, the movable part moves toward the base and is in the retracted position close to the base, and at this time, the elastic member is in a compressed state; when the external force applied to the movable part in the direction toward the base is canceled or reduced, the movable part can move in the direction away from the base
  • the movable part When the camera motor provided by the present application is not started, the movable part is in a retracted position close to the base under the action of external force. When working, the external force is canceled or reduced, so that the movable part can move in the direction away from the base under the action of elastic force to reach a preset pop-up position. Thereafter, the movable part is driven by the driving unit to reciprocate relative to the base to achieve focusing. In this way, the stroke of the movable part is divided into a pop-up stroke and a focusing stroke.
  • the pop-up stroke relies on the action of external force and elastic parts
  • the focusing stroke relies on the action of the driving unit. In this way, the power consumption of the driving unit can be reduced.
  • the focusing stroke does not rely on elastic parts, which can increase the focusing actuation speed, prevent video tremor, and improve imaging quality.
  • the camera motor also includes a guide mechanism, which is used to guide the reciprocating motion of the movable part so that it moves in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the camera lens, that is, the reciprocating motion direction of the movable part is parallel to the optical axis of the camera lens, which is beneficial to the transmission of light along the optical axis during camera shooting and improves the imaging quality.
  • a guide mechanism which is used to guide the reciprocating motion of the movable part so that it moves in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the camera lens, that is, the reciprocating motion direction of the movable part is parallel to the optical axis of the camera lens, which is beneficial to the transmission of light along the optical axis during camera shooting and improves the imaging quality.
  • the guide mechanism includes at least one guide assembly, the guide assembly includes a first guide portion and a second guide portion, one of which is relatively fixed to the movable component and the other is relatively fixed to the base; the first guide portion and the second guide portion abut against each other, and the two can slide relative to each other in a direction parallel to the optical axis.
  • the movement direction of the movable component is limited by the abutment of the first guide portion and the second guide portion, thereby ensuring the focusing reliability.
  • the second guide portion is a shaft, and the axial direction of the shaft is parallel to the optical axis.
  • the shaft as a guide support member is beneficial to improving the reliability of the guide; or, the second guide portion includes a plurality of balls, and the plurality of balls are arranged in a direction parallel to the optical axis.
  • the contact between the first guide portion and the balls is point contact, which can reduce friction and provide favorable conditions for rapid focus response.
  • the guide mechanism is provided with two guide assemblies, and the two guide assemblies are respectively located at two diagonal positions of the movable part.
  • the first first guide portion includes a first wall and a second wall, the first second guide portion abuts against the first wall and the second wall at the same time, and the second first guide portion includes a third wall, the second second guide portion abuts against the third wall.
  • the first first guide portion can be a V-shaped groove, and the two groove walls of the V-shaped groove serve as the first wall and the second wall to abut against the first second guide portion at the same time, so as to avoid position displacement of the second guide portion and realize precise guiding of the movement of the movable part;
  • the second first guide portion can be a planar structure or a U-shaped groove, and any groove wall of the planar structure or the U-shaped groove serves as the third wall to abut against the second second guide portion, so that an appropriate offset is allowed between the second guide portion and the first guide portion to realize rough positioning, which, combined with the guiding form of the V-shaped groove, can not only ensure the guiding accuracy, but also reduce the processing and fitting accuracy of related parts.
  • the line connecting the centers of the two second guide portions passes through the center of the optical axis. This arrangement can ensure that the movable component moves along the optical axis, which is beneficial to improving the imaging quality.
  • the first guide portion is always closely attached to the second guide portion under the action of the magnetic attraction, which can improve the guiding effect and ensure that the position of the movable part is stable during the operation and does not deviate from the optical axis.
  • the guide assembly further includes a magnetic conductive member and a magnetic attraction magnet, and a magnetic attraction force is generated between the two.
  • One of the magnetic conductive member and the magnetic attraction magnet is arranged on the movable part, and the other is arranged on the base, or the second guide part is a member with magnetic conductivity, and the magnetic attraction magnet is relatively fixed to the first guide part.
  • the relative position of the magnetic conductive member and the magnetic attraction magnet, or the relative position of the second guide part with magnetic conductivity and the magnetic attraction magnet determines the direction of the magnetic attraction force on the first guide part.
  • the direction of the magnetic attraction force is not limited, as long as it can attract the first guide part and the second guide part to be close together.
  • the driving unit includes a driving magnet and a coil component, one of which is relatively fixed to the movable component, and the other is relatively fixed to the base, and the position of the coil component corresponds to that of the driving magnet.
  • the driving unit is in the form of a voice coil motor, and when working, after the coil component is energized, the moving charge is subjected to the Lorentz force in the magnetic field of the driving magnet, and this force is the driving force for driving the movable component to move.
  • the driving magnet is fixed relative to the base, the coil component is fixed relative to the movable component, the driving magnet includes a first magnet and a second magnet, the second magnet supports the first magnet, and a step surface facing away from the base is formed therebetween.
  • the face of the second magnet facing the first magnet includes a face supporting the first magnet and a face extending outside the first magnet, and the face extending outside the first magnet forms a step surface of the driving magnet;
  • the camera motor also includes a shell, which is fixed relative to the base and can cover the driving magnet.
  • the shell has a shell shoulder surface that matches the step surface. The shell can protect the relevant components of the camera motor, and the coordinated arrangement of the step surface and shoulder surface of the driving magnet and the shell is conducive to reducing the volume of the shell.
  • the driving unit is an SMA driver or a piezoelectric ceramic driver.
  • the camera motor further includes a housing, the housing is relatively fixed to the base, the housing has an opening, and the movable part can extend out of the opening during the reciprocating motion. This arrangement can avoid the housing from limiting the travel of the movable part.
  • the external force for pressing the movable component toward the base is provided by the driving unit, which can avoid the need for additional structures that generate external forces and is conducive to simplifying the structure.
  • the second aspect of the present application also provides a camera module, including a camera lens and a camera motor.
  • the camera motor is the camera motor mentioned in the first aspect above.
  • the camera lens is installed on the movable part of the camera motor, and the camera lens moves with the movable part to achieve focusing.
  • the third aspect of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising a housing and a camera module, wherein the camera module is the camera module provided in the second aspect, and the camera module is installed in the housing.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc.
  • the electronic device further includes a component and a driving component, and the driving component generates an external force applied to the movable component through the component to press the movable component toward the base to be in a retracted position.
  • FIG1 is a structural schematic diagram of a camera motor provided by an embodiment of the present application in a first state
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of the camera motor shown in FIG1 in a second state
  • FIG3 is an exploded view of a camera motor provided in one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a camera motor provided by an embodiment of the present application without a housing;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the guide mechanism in a specific application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of the base in FIG4 ;
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an elastic member in a specific application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another elastic member in a specific application.
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a camera motor provided by another embodiment of the present application without its housing;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a camera motor provided by another embodiment of the present application with the housing hidden.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a camera motor, a camera module including the camera motor, and an electronic device using the camera module.
  • the configuration of the camera motor allows the camera lens of the camera module to be retractable so as to have a longer focusing stroke.
  • the power consumption of the motor is reduced, the focusing actuation speed of the motor is increased, and a higher quality imaging effect can be obtained.
  • Figures 1 and 2 respectively show the structural principle diagrams of the camera motor in the first state and the second state, wherein the first state is the state in which the movable parts of the camera motor are in the retracted position, and the second state is the state in which the movable parts of the camera motor are in the extended position.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the principle diagrams of the camera motor operation, which only show the positional relationship and action relationship between the relevant parts, and do not show the actual structure and shape of the parts of the camera motor.
  • the camera motor includes a base 10 , a movable component 30 , and a driving unit 40 .
  • the base 10 When the camera motor is applied to an electronic device, the base 10 can be fixed relatively to the housing of the electronic device, and the base 10 can be regarded as a fixed part; an elastic part 50 is provided between the movable part 30 and the base 10.
  • the camera lens of the camera module When used in a camera module, the camera lens of the camera module can be installed on the movable part 30, and the camera lens is driven to move together by the movement of the movable part 30, so as to achieve focusing.
  • movable member 30 Under the action of external force and elastic member 50, movable member 30 can switch between a retracted position relatively close to base 10 and a pop-up position relatively far from base 10, wherein the external force includes a force applied to movable member 30 in the direction of base 10.
  • the external force is provided by component 01 and a driving member (not shown in the figure) of the electronic device.
  • movable member 30 is located between base 10 and component 01.
  • the driving member can apply a recovery force to component 01, so that component 01 moves toward base 10 to press against movable member 30 in the direction of base 10, so that movable member 30 is in the retracted position.
  • the recovery force applied by the driving member can be canceled, or a driving force can be applied to component 01, so that component 01 is away from movable member 30, so that movable member 30 moves away from base 10 under the restoring force of elastic member 50 to be in the pop-up position.
  • the driving component is not shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , and a conventional driving component, such as a micro linear motor, etc., may be used.
  • component 01 presses the movable component 30 to the base 10. Since the base 10 is relatively fixed, when component 01 moves toward the base 10, after contacting the movable component 30, it drives the movable component 30 to move toward the base 10 and compresses the elastic member 50 between the movable component 30 and the base 10. At this time, the recovery force applied by the driving component to component 01 is greater than the elastic force of the elastic member 50, so that component 01 can be maintained in the retracted position, and the movable component 30 drives the camera lens to remain in the retracted position relatively close to the base 10.
  • the movable component 30 drives the camera lens to move away from the base 10 to the preset pop-up position.
  • the elastic component 50 is in an extended state, as shown in FIG2. It can be understood that the elastic component 50 is in an extended state here relative to the compressed state shown in FIG1, and does not mean that the elastic component 50 is necessarily in a stretched state.
  • the pressure of component 01 on the movable part 30 may be zero or non-zero, as long as it cooperates with the elastic part 50 to make the movable part 30 pop out relative to the base 10.
  • the aforementioned "preset pop-up position" is related to the elastic force of the elastic part 50 and the pressure of component 01 on the movable part 30 when it is in the extended position, and can be set according to needs.
  • the driving unit 40 is used to drive the movable component 30 at the pop-up position to reciprocate relative to the base 10 to drive the camera lens to move and achieve focusing.
  • the driving unit 40 stops working, and the component 01 can move toward the base 10 under the action of the driving component, and drive the movable component 30 to move to the retracted position shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the travel of the movable component 30 is divided into an ejection travel and a focus travel.
  • the movement of the movable component 30 depends on the driving component and the elastic member 40.
  • the movement of the movable component 30 depends on the driving unit 40. In this way, the power consumption of the driving unit 40 is reduced, and the focus actuation speed can be increased without relying on the action of the elastic member 40 in the focus stage. Prevent video tremors and improve image quality.
  • the drive unit 40 consumes zero power during the pop-up stroke stage, so the drive unit 40 does not need to be changed, thereby avoiding increasing the volume or size of the drive unit 40 due to the increase in the stroke of the movable component 30, which is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the camera module.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 exemplarily show two elastic members 50 .
  • the number and arrangement of the elastic members 50 can be set as required.
  • the external force applied to the movable component 30 in the direction toward the base 10 may not be provided by the component 01 and the driving component matched therewith, but may be provided by the driving unit 40 of the camera motor to simplify the structural arrangement.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a camera motor provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the camera motor after assembly with the shell hidden.
  • the base 10 of the camera motor is fixedly connected with a flexible printed circuit (FPC) 11.
  • the flexible printed circuit 11 generally contains an integrated circuit.
  • the base 10 is an injection molded part with a circuit conduction function.
  • the electrical part is realized by injection molded metal.
  • the flexible printed circuit 11 is welded to the injection molded metal in the base 10 to provide an electrical path for the control of the integrated circuit.
  • the movable part 30 of the camera motor includes a carrier 31 for carrying a camera lens (not shown in the figure), and the driving unit 40 is arranged between the carrier 31 and the base 10 to provide a driving force for the focusing action of the carrier 31.
  • the movable part 30 also includes other structural parts fixed relative to the carrier 31 or fixed on the carrier 31.
  • the driving unit 40 includes a driving magnet 41 and a coil component 42.
  • the driving magnet 41 is relatively fixed to the base 10, and the coil component 42 is relatively fixed to the carrier 31.
  • the positions of the driving magnet 41 and the coil component 42 correspond to each other.
  • the driving unit composed of the driving magnet 41 and the coil component 42 is commonly known as a voice coil motor (VCM) in the industry.
  • VCM voice coil motor
  • a magnetic yoke (generally a soft magnetic material) can be coated on the outside of the driving magnet 41 to restrict the induction leakage magnetic flux from spreading outward and converge the magnetic flux lines to enhance the magnetic induction intensity and improve the driving force of the driving unit 40.
  • the magnetic yoke may not be provided.
  • four groups of driving magnets 41 and coil components 42 that cooperate with each other are provided, two of which are located on two opposite sides of the base 10 , and the other two groups are located on the other two opposite sides of the base 10 .
  • the number and arrangement of the driving magnets 41 and the coil components 42 can also be set as needed.
  • only two groups can be set, located on one of the two opposite sides of the base 10; the shape and arrangement of the driving magnets 41 and the coil components 42 can also be set according to the shape of the base 10 and the carrier 31.
  • the flexible circuit board 11 of the camera motor is electrically connected to a sensing element 111, and a Hall magnet 322 is relatively fixed to the carrier 31.
  • a sensing element 111 When the carrier 31 moves relative to the base 10 under the drive of the driving unit 40, the Hall magnet 322 moves accordingly, and a changing magnetic field is generated in the sensing element 111.
  • the sensing element 111 determines the moving position of the carrier 31 by the changing magnetic field strength to control the focus position.
  • the sensing element 111 may include a Hall sensor.
  • the camera motor further includes a power supply spring 323, one end of which is electrically connected to the coil component 42, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the flexible circuit board 11, so as to realize the electrical connection and control path required by the driving unit 40.
  • the power supply spring 323 is generally a conductive spring with relatively low rigidity. Since the coil component 42 moves with the carrier 31 during operation, the power supply spring 323 with relatively low rigidity can adapt to the application environment where the coil component 42 needs to be deformed when moving, thereby ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the coil component 42 and the flexible circuit board 11.
  • the driving magnet 41 can also be relatively fixed to the carrier 31 and other movable parts 30, and the coil part 42 can be relatively fixed to the base 10.
  • the power supply spring 323 may not be provided, and the electrical connection and control path between the coil part 42 and the flexible circuit board 11 can be connected through the metal parts injected in the base 10, or through other forms of conductive parts, and the selection range is relatively wide.
  • the driving magnet 41 is large in size and weight. After it is fixed to the carrier 31, it also moves relative to the base 10 as part of the movable part 30, and its stability is relatively not as good as the fixing effect of the coil part 42 and the carrier 31. Therefore, in actual settings, it is possible to choose to relatively fix the coil part 42 and the carrier 31, and relatively fix the driving magnet 41 and the base 10.
  • the camera motor further includes a housing 20, which is fixed relative to the base 10 and is used to cover the camera motor. Relevant components of the camera motor are provided to form protection, wherein the housing 20 has an opening 201, and the camera lens mounted on the carrier 31 can extend out of the housing 20 from the opening 201 during focusing.
  • the setting of the opening 201 can ensure that light can enter the camera lens on the one hand, and on the other hand, it will not structurally limit the stroke of the camera lens. That is to say, the setting of the housing 20 should not affect the movement of the movable parts of the camera motor.
  • the driving magnet 41 specifically includes a first magnet 411 and a second magnet 412, the second magnet 412 supports the first magnet 411, and a step surface 413 facing away from the base 10 is formed between the first magnet 411 and the second magnet 412.
  • the step surface 413 is a part of the face of the second magnet 412 facing the first magnet 411, that is, the face of the second magnet 412 facing the first magnet 411 is larger than the supported face of the first magnet 411.
  • the housing 20 has a shell shoulder surface 202 adapted to the step surface 413. After assembly, the shell shoulder surface 202 of the housing 20 is offset against the step surface 413 of the driving magnet 41, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the housing 20.
  • the camera motor also includes a guide mechanism, which is used to guide the reciprocating motion of the carrier 31 and other movable parts 30 so that they move along the direction of the optical axis of the camera lens to ensure the imaging quality.
  • the optical axis refers to an imaginary axis in the optical system. In the camera module, the optical axis is the rotation center of the optical system. If the light coincides with the optical axis, the light will be transmitted along the optical axis in the optical system.
  • the guiding mechanism includes at least one guiding assembly, and the guiding assembly includes a first guiding portion and a second guiding portion.
  • One of the first guiding portion and the second guiding portion is relatively fixed to the movable component 30 such as the carrier 31, and the other is relatively fixed to the base 10.
  • the first guiding portion and the second guiding portion abut against each other, and the two can slide relative to each other in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the camera lens. In this way, the movement direction of the carrier 31 relative to the base 10 can be guided by limiting the first guiding portion and the second guiding portion, and the position of the carrier 31 during the movement can also be limited to prevent the center of the camera lens installed thereon from deviating from the optical axis.
  • the guide mechanism is provided with two guide assemblies, wherein the two second guide portions are both in the form of shaft members.
  • the two second guide portions of the two guide assemblies are referred to herein as the first shaft member 121 and the second shaft member 122, respectively.
  • the first shaft member 121 and the second shaft member 122 are both fixedly connected to the base 10.
  • the first guide portion cooperating with the first shaft member 121 is a V-shaped groove 311 formed on the carrier 31, and the first guide portion cooperating with the second shaft member 122 is a guide surface portion 312 formed on the carrier 31.
  • the guide surface portion 312 can be understood as a flat groove, i.e., having only one groove wall.
  • the two guide components are respectively located at two diagonal positions of the carrier 31 , which can also be regarded as two diagonal positions of the base 10 , which can further improve the stability of the movement of the carrier 31 and the reliability of the guidance.
  • connection between the center of the first shaft member 121 and the center of the second shaft member 122 passes through the center of the optical axis of the camera lens, which is beneficial to improving the imaging quality.
  • the first shaft member 121 abuts against the two groove walls of the V-shaped groove 311, and the second shaft member 122 abuts against the guide surface portion 312.
  • the first shaft member 121 abuts against the two groove walls of the V-shaped groove 311
  • the second shaft member 122 abuts against the guide surface portion 312. In this way, the guiding accuracy can be ensured and the processing and matching accuracy of related components can be reduced.
  • the first guide portion cooperating with the first shaft member 121 may also be in other forms, such as a right-angle groove, etc. As long as it has a first wall and a second wall, the first shaft member 121 can abut against the first wall and the second wall at the same time; the second guide portion cooperating with the second shaft member 122 may also be in other forms, with at least one third wall, and the second shaft member 122 can abut against the third wall.
  • the second guide portion can be a U-shaped groove 313 as shown in Figure 5. When used, the second shaft member 122 only needs to abut against any groove wall of the U-shaped groove 313. The form of the U-shaped groove 313 can limit the relative movement of the second shaft member 122.
  • the first guide part and the second guide part of the guide assembly there is a magnetic force between the first guide part and the second guide part of the guide assembly to make the two fit tightly together.
  • the first guide part and the second guide part are always in close contact under the action of the magnetic force, which can ensure the accuracy of the movement direction of the carrier 31 and prevent the camera lens from deviating from the optical axis and affecting the imaging quality.
  • the guide assembly further includes a magnetic magnet 321 and a magnetic conductive member.
  • the magnetic magnet 321 is relatively fixed to the carrier 31, and the magnetic conductive member is relatively fixed to the base 10.
  • Both the first shaft member 121 and the second shaft member 122 can be configured as components with magnetic conductive properties. In this way, the first shaft member 121 and the second shaft member 122 serve as guide elements while also serving as magnetic conductive members.
  • the aforementioned magnetic attraction force is generated between the magnetic magnet 321 and the first shaft member 121 or the second shaft member 122.
  • the setting position of the magnetic magnet 321 corresponds to the magnetic conductive member, and the setting principle is that the magnetic attraction force generated by the two can attract the first guide part and the second guide part to stick together.
  • the direction or point of action of the magnetic attraction force is not limited, but there are relatively better choices in the arrangement.
  • the cooperation between the first shaft 121 and the V-shaped groove 311, and the cooperation between the second shaft 122 and the U-shaped groove 313 are used as examples for explanation.
  • the virtual optical axis, the line connecting the center of the first shaft 121 and the center of the second shaft 122 passes through the optical axis O.
  • the base 10 is schematically shown in a simple rectangle in the figure, which is intended to indicate the relative positions between the relevant components and has nothing to do with the specific structure.
  • the first shaft 121 and the second shaft 122 are used as components with magnetic conductivity for illustration.
  • the direction of the first magnetic attraction force F1 generated between it and the first shaft 121 coincides with the symmetric center line of the V-shaped groove 311, or can be understood as coinciding with the angular bisector of the V angle of the V-shaped groove 311.
  • both groove walls of the V-shaped groove 311 to be in close contact with the first shaft 121; when the magnetic magnet 321 corresponding to the second shaft 122 is arranged, the direction of the second magnetic attraction force F2 generated between it and the second shaft 122 is perpendicular to the groove wall against which the second shaft 122 and the U-shaped groove 313 abut, which can prevent the second shaft 122 from deviating in other directions.
  • the second shaft 122 is in close contact with one side wall of the U-shaped groove 313 .
  • the second shaft 122 may be in close contact with another side wall or bottom wall of the U-shaped groove 313 , and the position of the magnetic magnet 321 changes accordingly.
  • first shaft member 121 and the second shaft member 122 themselves have magnetic conductivity.
  • first shaft member 121 and the second shaft member 122 may also be ordinary shafts without magnetic conductivity.
  • a magnetic conductive member that cooperates with the magnetic magnet 321 may be separately provided.
  • the direction or point of action of the magnetic attraction force between the magnetic conductive member and the magnetic magnet 321 is still similar to the aforementioned setting and will not be described in detail.
  • the magnetic conductive part is an independent component
  • one of the magnetic conductive part and the magnetic magnet 321 is relatively fixed to the base 10, and the other is relatively fixed to the movable component 30 such as the carrier 31.
  • the magnetic magnet 321 is relatively fixed to the base 10, and the magnetic conductive part is relatively fixed to the carrier 31, or the magnetic magnet 321 is relatively fixed to the carrier 31, and the magnetic conductive part is relatively fixed to the base 10.
  • a protrusion structure can be provided on the two groove walls of the V-shaped groove 311, and each groove wall can be provided with at least two protrusion structures, and at least two protrusion structures are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the first shaft member 121.
  • the V-shaped groove 311 moves with the carrier 31, as long as its protrusion structure can always ensure the abutment with the first shaft member 121; when two protrusion structures are provided on each groove wall, the two protrusion structures can be provided at the two ends of the V-shaped groove 311 to ensure the matching length of the first shaft member 121 and the V-shaped groove 311, that is, the length of the first shaft member 121 between the two abutment points.
  • the groove wall surface of the guide surface 312 or the U-shaped groove 313 that cooperates with the second shaft member 122 can also be provided with a protrusion structure so that the second shaft member 122 abuts against the protrusion structure to reduce the difficulty of processing the flatness of the groove wall surface of the guide surface 312 or the U-shaped groove 313.
  • first guide portion V-shaped groove 311 and guide surface portion 312 or U-shaped groove 3173
  • second guide portion first shaft member 121 and second shaft member 122
  • first guide portion can also be relatively fixed to the base 10
  • second guide portion can be relatively fixed to the carrier 31.
  • the second guide part uses the second guide part as an example of a shaft.
  • the second guide part may also be in other structural forms.
  • the second guide part includes a plurality of ball bearings, and the plurality of ball bearings are arranged in a direction parallel to the optical axis.
  • the contact between the first guide part and the ball bearings is point contact, which can reduce the friction between the two and provide favorable conditions for rapid response of focusing.
  • the two second guide parts of the two guide assemblies can both be set as ball bearings, or one can be set as a shaft and the other can be set as a ball bearing.
  • the two first guide portions that cooperate with the shaft or ball structure can be set to the structural form of a V-shaped groove 311.
  • the two first guide portions can also be set to the structural form of a guide surface portion 312 or a U-shaped groove 313.
  • the guide mechanism may also be provided with other numbers of guide components, such as one guide component or more than three guide components.
  • the guide mechanism may also be provided with other numbers of guide components, such as one guide component or more than three guide components.
  • more than two guide components may be provided.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base in FIG. 4 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an elastic member in a specific application.
  • the elastic member 50 disposed between the base 10 and the carrier 31 is a first elastic member 51.
  • first elastic members 51 are provided, which can be arranged symmetrically relative to the center of the camera motor to ensure the smoothness and reliability of the movement of the movable parts 30 such as the carrier 31 during the pop-up stroke.
  • the first elastic member 51 includes a fixed end 511 and a free end 512.
  • the fixed end 511 is fixedly connected to the base 10.
  • the fixed end 511 is arranged in a fixing hole 513.
  • a positioning protrusion 101 is arranged at a corresponding position of the base 10.
  • the fixed end 511 of the first elastic member 51 can be fixedly sleeved on the positioning protrusion 101 through the fixing hole 513.
  • the free end 512 of the first elastic member 51 can only contact with the carrier 31. During assembly, the carrier 31 is pressed onto the free end 512 of the first elastic member 51 .
  • the fixed end 511 of the first elastic member 51 may also be fixed to the base 10 by welding or hot melting.
  • the structure of the elastic member 50 may also be the structure shown in FIG. 8 .
  • the elastic member 50 shown in FIG. 8 is referred to as the second elastic member 52 to distinguish it from the first elastic member 51 .
  • the second elastic member 52 includes a fixed portion 521 fixed to the base 10 and a free portion 512, and the free portion 512 is also connected to a power supply integrated portion 513.
  • the second elastic member 52 not only serves as a power structure for the pop-up stroke, but also serves as an electrical connector for realizing electrical connection between other control paths or driving members and the flexible circuit board 11.
  • the irregular bending structure between the fixed portion 521 and the free portion 512 can ensure the structural strength of the second elastic member 52 on the one hand, and is conducive to controlling the pop-up stroke amount of the second elastic member 52 driving the carrier 31 on the other hand.
  • the specific form of the irregular bending structure can be determined through experiments or simulations according to application requirements.
  • the structure of the camera motor is introduced by taking the driving unit 40 as a voice coil motor as an example.
  • the driving unit 40 can also be in other forms, such as the SMA driver 40A shown in FIG9 , or the piezoelectric ceramic driver 40B shown in FIG10 .
  • the SMA driver 40A utilizes the property of the shape memory alloy wire to contract after being energized, and drives the movable part 30 to move along the optical axis to achieve the focusing function;
  • the piezoelectric ceramic driver 40B generates regular expansion and contraction deformation through piezoelectric ceramics, and the resonant plate that is adhesively connected to the piezoelectric ceramics amplifies the deformation, generates regular up and down movement, and drives the movable part 30 to move along the optical axis to achieve the focusing function.
  • the components with the same functions as those in FIG3 and FIG4 in FIG9 and FIG10 are marked with the same reference numerals.
  • driving unit 40 can be combined with the aforementioned guide mechanism to achieve the guidance and positioning of the movement of the movable component 30.
  • a camera module which includes a camera lens and the camera motor introduced above.
  • the camera lens is mounted on a movable component 30 (such as a carrier 31) of the camera motor.
  • the camera lens is driven to extend and retract by the camera motor to achieve focusing. It can be understood that when working, the camera lens includes a pop-up stroke and a focusing stroke like the movable component 30.
  • an electronic device which includes a housing and the above-mentioned camera module, wherein the camera module is disposed in the housing, and the camera module enables the electronic device to obtain images or perform instant video communication, etc.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile or fixed terminal with a camera function, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a wearable device, or a smart watch.

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Abstract

一种摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备。该摄像马达包括底座，驱动单元和活动部件；在活动部件与底座之间设有弹性件，在外力和弹性件的作用下，活动部件能够在相对靠近底座的收回位置和相对远离底座的弹出位置之间切换，其中，外力包括施加至活动部件的朝向底座方向的力；驱动单元用于驱动处于弹出位置的活动部件相对底座往复运动。这样，活动部件的行程分为弹出行程和对焦行程，可降低驱动单元的功耗，并提高对焦作动速度和成像品质。

Description

摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备
本申请要求于2022年10月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211347960.6、发明名称为“摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电子设备技术领域，尤其涉及摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备。
背景技术
随着科技的发展，手机、平板电脑等电子设备需要通过伸缩机构延伸摄像模组的可用空间，以实现更高的成像质量，这就对摄像模组的马达提出了更高的要求。
现有的摄像马达多采用簧片作为活动部支撑结构，通过簧片变形时的弹力与驱动力的平衡实现定位，但是簧片在行程远端会带来较大的拉扯力，影响马达对焦作动速度，功耗大，同时，簧片式马达由于簧片存在弹性，在手持电子设备录制视频的过程中会带来镜头载体的震颤，影响成像品质。
发明内容
本申请提供了摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备，通过对摄像马达的结构优化，能够降低马达功耗，提高马达对焦作动速度。
本申请第一方面提供了一种摄像马达，包括底座、驱动单元和活动部件；其中，在活动部件与底座之间设有弹性件，具体的，弹性件的一端可与底座固定，另一端为自由端，与活动部件相抵接即可；在外力和弹性件的作用下，活动部件能够在相对靠近底座的收回位置和相对远离底座的弹出位置之间切换，外力包括施加至活动部件的朝向底座方向的力；施加至活动部件的朝向底座方向的外力大于弹性件的弹力时，活动部件向底座方向移动，处在靠近底座的收回位置，此时，弹性件处于压缩状态；施加至活动部件的朝向底座方向的外力取消或减小时，活动部件可在弹性件的作用下向远离底座的方向移动，处在弹出位置；驱动单元用于驱动处于弹出位置的活动部件相对底座往复运动。
本申请提供的摄像马达未启动时，活动部件在外力的作用下处于靠近底座的收回位置，工作时，取消或减小外力，使活动部件可在弹性力的作用下向远离底座的方向移动，到达预设的弹出位置，此后，通过驱动单元来驱动活动部件相对底座往复运动以实现对焦，这样，将活动部件的行程分为弹出行程和对焦行程，在弹出行程依靠的是外力和弹性件的作用，在对焦行程依靠的是驱动单元的作用，如此，可降低驱动单元的功耗，同时对焦行程不依靠弹性件，可提高对焦作动速度，也可防止录像震颤，提高成像品质。
在一种可能的实现方式中，摄像马达还包括导向机构，导向机构用于对活动部件的往复运动进行导向，以使其沿平行于摄像镜头的光轴的方向移动，即活动部件的往复运动方向与摄像镜头的光轴平行，有利于摄像时光沿光轴传递，提高成像品质。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，导向机构包括至少一个导向组件，导向组件包括第一导向部和第二导向部，一者与活动部件相对固定，另一者与底座相对固定；第一向部和第二导向部相互抵靠，且两者能在与光轴平行的方向上相对滑动。在活动部件相对底座往复运动时，通过第一导向部和第二导向部的抵靠来限制来限定活动部件的运动方向，保证对焦可靠性。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第二导向部为轴件，轴件的轴线方向与光轴平行，采用轴件作为导向的承靠件，有利于提高导向可靠性；或者，第二导向部包括若干滚珠，若干滚珠沿平行于光轴的方向排列，通过滚珠导向，第一导向部与滚珠的接触为点接触，可降低摩擦力，为对焦的快速响应提供有利条件。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，导向机构设有两个导向组件，两个导向组件分别位于活动部件的两个对角部位。这样布置，活动部件的动作更稳定，利于确保活动部件对焦动作的可靠性。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，两个导向组件中，第一个第一导向部包括第一壁和第二壁，第一个第二导向部同时抵靠第一壁和第二壁，第二个第一导向部包括第三壁，第二个第二导向部抵靠第三壁。
示例性的，第一个第一导向部可以为V形槽，V形槽的两个槽壁作为第一壁和第二壁与第一个第二导向部同时抵靠，避免第二导向部发生位置偏移，可实现活动部件动作的精确导向；第二个第一导向部可以为平面结构或者U形槽，平面结构或者U形槽的任一槽壁作为第三壁与第二个第二导向部抵靠，这样，该第二导向部和第一导向部之间允许有适当的偏移量，实现粗定位，与V形槽的导向形式相结合，既能确保导向精度，又能降低相关部件的加工和配合精度。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，两个导向组件中，两个第二导向部的中心的连线穿过光轴的中心。如此设置，可保证活动部件是沿光轴方向移动，有利于提高成像质量。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一导向部和第二导向部之间具磁吸力，以使两者紧贴。如此，在活动部件动作过程中，在磁吸力的作用下第一导向部始终与第二导向部紧贴，可提高导向效果，也能保证动作过程中活动部件的位置稳定，不偏离光轴。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，导向组件还包括导磁件和磁吸磁石，两者之间产生磁吸力，导磁件和磁吸磁石中的一者设于活动部件，另一者设于底座，或者，第二导向部为具有导磁性能的部件，磁吸磁石与第一导向部相对固定。导磁件和磁吸磁石的相对位置，或者具有导磁性能的第二导向部与磁吸磁石的相对位置决定了第一导向部受到的磁吸力的方向，理论上来说，该磁吸力的方向不受限制，只要能够吸引第一导向部和第二导向部紧贴即可。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，驱动单元包括驱动磁石和线圈部件，一者与活动部件相对固定，另一者与底座相对固定，线圈部件与驱动磁石的位置对应。换言之，驱动单元为音圈马达的形式，工作时，线圈部件通电后，运动电荷在驱动磁石的磁场中受到洛伦兹力，该力为带动活动部件运动的驱动力。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，驱动磁石与底座相对固定，线圈部件与活动部件相对固定，驱动磁石包括第一磁石和第二磁石，第二磁石支撑第一磁石，且在两者之间形成背向底座的台阶面，换言之，第二磁石朝向第一磁石的面部包括支撑第一磁石的面部外，还包括延伸至第一磁石外的面部，该延伸至第一磁石外的面部形成驱动磁石的台阶面；摄像马达还包括壳体，该壳体与底座相对固定，可罩住驱动磁石，壳体具有与该台阶面适配的壳肩面部，壳体可保护摄像马达的相关部件，驱动磁石和壳体的台阶面和肩面部的配合设置，有利于减小壳体的体积。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，驱动单元为SMA驱动器或者压电陶瓷驱动器。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，摄像马达还包括壳体，壳体与底座相对固定，壳体具有开口，活动部件在往复运动中能够伸出开口。如此设置，可避免壳体限制活动部件的行程量。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，将活动部件向底座方向压抵的外力由驱动单元提供，可避免额外设置产生外力的结构，有利于简化结构。
本申请第二方面还提供了一种摄像模组，包括摄像镜头和摄像马达，摄像马达为前述第一方面提及的摄像马达，摄像镜头安装在摄像马达的活动部件上，摄像镜头随活动部件动作以实现对焦。
本申请第三方面还提供了一种电子设备，包括外壳和摄像模组，摄像模组为上述第二方面提供的摄像模组，摄像模组安装在外壳内。电子设备可以为手机、平板电脑等。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电子设备还包括构件和驱动部件，驱动部件通过构件产生施加于活动部件的外力，以将活动部件向底座方向压抵处在收回位置。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例提供的摄像马达在第一状态下的结构原理图；
图2为图1所示摄像马达在第二状态下的结构原理图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的摄像马达的爆炸图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的摄像马达隐去壳体的结构示意图；
图5为具体应用中导向机构的原理示意图；
图6为图4中底座的结构示意图；
图7为具体应用中一种弹性件的结构示意图；
图8为具体应用中另一种弹性件的结构示意图；
图9为本申请另一实施例提供的摄像马达隐去壳体的结构示意图；
图10为本申请又一实施例提供的摄像马达隐去壳体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供了一种摄像马达、包括该摄像马达的摄像模组以及应用该摄像模组的电子设备，摄像马达的设置使得摄像模组的摄像镜头可伸缩，以具有更长的对焦行程，通过对摄像马达的结构优化，降低了马达功耗，提高了马达对焦作动速度，可得到更高质量的成像效果。
请参考图1和图2，图1和图2分别示出了摄像马达在第一状态和第二状态的结构原理图，其中，第一状态为摄像马达的活动部件处于收回位置的状态，第二状态为摄像马达的活动部件处于伸出位置的状态。图1和图2示意的是摄像马达动作的原理图，其示意仅表示相关部件之间的位置关系和动作关系，不表示摄像马达的各部件的实际结构及形状。
本实施方式中，摄像马达包括底座10、活动部件30、和驱动单元40。
摄像马达在应用至电子设备时，底座10可与电子设备的外壳相对固定，可将底座10视为固定件；在活动部件30和底座10之间设有弹性件50。在用于摄像模组时，活动部件30上可以安装摄像模组的摄像镜头，通过活动部件30的移动带动摄像镜头一起移动，从而实现对焦。
在外力和弹性件50的作用下，活动部件30能够在相对靠近底座10的收回位置和相对远离底座10的弹出位置之间切换，其中，外力包括施加至活动部件30的朝向底座10方向的力。在图1和图2所示应用场景中，该外力由电子设备的构件01和驱动部件(图中未示出)提供，具体的，活动部件30位于底座10和构件01之间，驱动部件可施加回收力至构件01，使构件01向底座10方向移动以向底座10所在方向压抵活动部件30，使活动部件30处在收回位置，驱动部件施加的回收力可取消，或者还可施加驱动力至构件01，使构件01远离活动部件30，以使活动部件30在弹性件50的回复力作用下向远离底座10方向移动以处在弹出位置。
驱动部件在图1和图2中未示出，其可采用常规的驱动部件，例如微型直线电机等。
如图1所示，在收回位置，构件01压抵活动部件30至底座10，因底座10相对固定，构件01向靠近底座10方向移动时，与活动部件30接触后，会带动活动部件30向底座10方向移动，并压缩活动部件30和底座10之间的弹性件50，此时，驱动部件施加至构件01的回收力大于弹性件50的弹性力，从而构件01能够保持在收回位置，活动部件30带动摄像镜头也保持在相对靠近底座10的收回位置。
当构件01在图1所示的收回位置受到驱动部件的驱动力向远离底座10方向移动时，或者驱动部件不施加力至构件01时，构件01施加至活动部件30的压力减小，结合弹性件50的弹性复位力，活动部件30带动摄像镜头也向远离底座10的方向移动至预设的弹出位置，此时，弹性件50处于伸出状态，如图2所示。可以理解，此处的弹性件50处于伸出状态是相对图1所示的压缩状态而言的，并不表示弹性件50必然处于拉伸的状态。
实际应用中，构件01处在伸出位置时，构件01对活动部件30的压力可以为零，也可以不为零，只要与弹性件50相配合，使得活动部件30相对底座10弹出即可，前述“预设的弹出位置”与弹性件50的弹力以及构件01在伸出位置时对活动部件30的压力大小相关，可根据需求来设置。
驱动单元40用于驱动处于弹出位置的活动部件30相对底座10往复运动，以带动摄像镜头动作实现对焦。
当摄像模组停止工作时，驱动单元40停止工作，构件01可在驱动部件的作用下向底座10方向移动，并带动活动部件30移动至图1所示的收回位置。
如上设置后，活动部件30的行程分为弹出行程和对焦行程，在弹出行程阶段，活动部件30的动作依靠的是驱动部件和弹性件40，在对焦行程阶段，活动部件30的动作依靠的是驱动单元40，这样，降低了驱动单元40的功耗，且在对焦阶段不依靠弹性件40的作用，可提高对焦作动速度， 防止录像震颤，成像品质得以提升。
另外，因活动部件30具有弹出行程，在弹出行程阶段，驱动单元40零功耗，所以，驱动单元40无需改变，避免因活动部件30行程增加，增大驱动单元40的体积或尺寸，有利于摄像模组的小型化设计。
在图1和图2中示例性地示出了两个弹性件50，在实际应用中，弹性件50的数目和排布可根据需要来设置。
在其他实施方式中，上述施加至活动部件30的朝向底座10方向的外力也可不由构件01和与其匹配的驱动部件提供，而是由摄像马达的驱动单元40提供，以简化结构设置。
上面介绍了本实施方式中摄像马达的工作原理，下面结合一具体应用实例对摄像马达的具体结构做进一步说明。
请参考图3和图4，图3为本申请一实施例提供的摄像马达的爆炸图，图4为摄像马达组装后隐去壳体的结构示意图。
如图3和图4所示，摄像马达的底座10固接有柔性电路板(FPC，Flexible Printed Circuit)11，柔性电路板11一般含有集成电路，底座10为带有电路导通功能的注塑件，电气部分通过注塑金属实现，柔性电路板11与底座10内的注塑金属焊接，以为集成电路的控制提供电气通路。
摄像马达的活动部件30包括用于承载摄像镜头(图中未示出)的载体31，驱动单元40设于载体31与底座10之间，为载体31的对焦动作提供驱动力。活动部件30还包括其他与载体31相对固定或固设于载体31上的结构件。
本实施方式中，驱动单元40包括驱动磁石41和线圈部件42，驱动磁石41与底座10相对固定，线圈部件42与载体31相对固定，驱动磁石41和线圈部件42的位置对应，线圈部件42通电后，其运动电荷在驱动磁石41的磁场中受到洛伦兹力，形成带动载体31相对底座10运动的驱动力。可以理解，驱动磁石41和线圈部件42构成的驱动单元在业内俗称为音圈马达(VCM，Voice Coil Motor)。
应用时，可以在驱动磁石41的外侧包覆磁轭(一般为软磁材料)，能够约束感应漏磁向外扩散，收敛磁感线，以增强磁感应强度，提高驱动单元40的驱动力。当然，如果驱动磁石41产生的磁场强度足够，也可不设置磁轭。
图3和图4所示示例中，相互配合的驱动磁石41和线圈部件42设有四组，其中两组位于底座10的一个相对的两侧边，另外两组位于底座10的另一相对的两侧边。
在其他实施方式中，驱动磁石41和线圈部件42的数目和排布也可根据需要来设置，例如可以仅设置两组，位于底座10的其中一个相对两侧边；驱动磁石41和线圈部件42的外形和布置还可视底座10和载体31的外形来设置。
摄像马达的柔性电路板11上电连接有感测元件111，载体31相对固定有霍尔磁石322，载体31在驱动单元40的驱动下相对底座10运动时，霍尔磁石322随之移动，在感测元件111产生变化的磁场，感测元件111通过变化的磁场强度来判断载体31的移动位置，以控制对焦位置。感测元件111可以包括霍尔传感器。
摄像马达还包括供电簧片323，供电簧片323的一端与线圈部件42电连接，另一端与柔性电路板11电连接，以实现驱动单元40所需的电气连接和控制通路。供电簧片323一般为刚度较小的具备导电性的簧片，因工作时线圈部件42随载体31移动，所以刚度较小的供电簧片323可以适应线圈部件42移动时需要变形的应用环境，确保线圈部件42与柔性电路板11之间电气连接的可靠性。
在其他实施方式中，也可以将驱动磁石41与载体31等活动部件30相对固定，将线圈部件42与底座10相对固定，此时，可不设置供电簧片323，线圈部件42与柔性电路板11的电气连接和控制通路可通过底座10内注塑的金属件来实现连接，或者通过其他形式的导电件来实现连接，选择范围相对较广。相对来说，驱动磁石41的体积和重量较大，将其与载体31固定后，其也作为活动部件30的一部分相对底座10运动，稳定性相对没有线圈部件42与载体31固定效果好，所以实际设置时可选择将线圈部件42与载体31相对固定，将驱动磁石41与底座10相对固定。
如图3所示，本实施方式中，摄像马达还包括壳体20，该壳体20与底座10相对固定，用于罩 设摄像马达的相关部件，以形成保护，其中，壳体20具有开口201，安装在载体31上的摄像镜头在对焦动作时可自开口201伸出壳体20，开口201的设置一方面可确保光线能够进入摄像镜头，另一方面不会在结构上限制摄像镜头的行程，也就是说，壳体20的设置不应影响摄像马达的活动部件的动作。
本实施方式中，驱动磁石41具体包括第一磁石411和第二磁石412，第二磁石412支撑第一磁石411，并且在第一磁石411和第二磁石412之间形成有背向底座10的台阶面413，可以理解，该台阶面413为第二磁石412朝向第一磁石411的面部的一部分，也就是说，第二磁石412朝向第一磁石411的面部大于第一磁石411的被支撑面。壳体20上具有与该台阶面413适配的壳肩面部202，组装后，壳体20的壳肩面部202与驱动磁石41的台阶面413相抵，有利于减小壳体20的体积。
摄像马达还包括导向机构，导向机构用于对载体31等活动部件30的往复运动进行导向，以使其沿摄像镜头的光轴的方向移动，保证成像质量。光轴是指光学系统中一条假想的轴线，在摄像模组中光轴是光学系统的旋转中心，光线若和光轴重合，在光学系统中光将沿光轴传递。
导向机构包括至少一个导向组件，导向组件包括第一导向部和第二导向部，第一导向部和第二导向部中的一者与载体31等活动部件30相对固定，另一者与底座10相对固定，第一导向部和第二导向部相互抵靠，且两者能在与摄像镜头的光轴平行的方向上相对滑动，这样，通过第一导向部和第二导向部的限制来对载体31相对底座10的运动方向进行导向，也能限制运动过程中载体31的位置，避免安装在其上的摄像镜头的中心偏离光轴。
本实施方式中，导向机构设有两个导向组件，其中，两个第二导向部均为轴件的形式，为区分说明，此处将两个导向组件的两个第二导向部分别称之为第一轴件121和第二轴件122，第一轴件121和第二轴件122均与底座10固定连接，与第一轴件121配合的第一导向部为形成于载体31的V形槽311，与第二轴件122配合的第一导向部为形成于载体31的导向面部312，可以将该导向面部312理解为平槽的形式，即只具有一个槽壁。
如图4所示，实际布置时，这两个导向组件分别位于载体31的两个对角部位，也可看做是底座10的两个对角部位，可进一步提高载体31运动的稳定性和导向的可靠性。
进一步的，第一轴件121的中心和第二轴件122的中心的连接穿过摄像镜头的光轴的中心，有利于提高成像质量。
具体设置时，第一轴件121与V形槽311的两个槽壁均抵靠，第二轴件122与导向面部312抵靠，在V形槽311的两个槽壁的夹持作用下，第一轴件121与V形槽311之间基本无相对活动量，可实现精定位，第二轴件122与导向面部312抵靠，两者之间允许有适当的偏移量，实现粗定位，这样，既能确保导向精度，又能降低相关部件的加工和配合精度。
与第一轴件121配合的第一导向部也可呈其他形式，比如说直角槽等，只要具有第一壁和第二壁，第一轴件121能同时与第一壁和第二壁抵靠即可；与第二轴件122配合的第二导向部也可呈其他形式，至少有一个第三壁，第二轴件122与第三壁抵靠即可，比如说，该第二导向部可以呈图5所示的U形槽313，应用时，第二轴件122只与U形槽313的任一槽壁抵靠即可，U形槽313的形式能够限制第二轴件122的相对活动量。
本实施方式中，在导向组件的第一导向部和第二导向部之间具有磁吸力，以使两者紧贴，在载体31带动摄像镜头运动的过程中，第一导向部和第二导向部在磁吸力的作用始终紧贴，可确保载体31运动方向的精确性，避免摄像镜头偏离光轴而影响成像质量。
再参考图3，导向组件还包括磁吸磁石321和导磁件，本例中，磁吸磁石321与载体31相对固定，导磁件与底座10相对固定，第一轴件121和第二轴件122均可设为具有导磁性能的部件，这样，第一轴件121和第二轴件122在作为导向元件的同时也作为导磁件，磁吸磁石321和第一轴件121或第二轴件122之间产生前述磁吸力。
可以理解，磁吸磁石321的设置位置与导磁件相对应，设置原则为两者产生的磁吸力能够吸引第一导向部和第二导向部紧贴。
一般来说，磁吸力的方向或者作用点不限，但在布置时有相对较优的选择，参考图5，这里以第一轴件121和V形槽311的配合，以及第二轴件122和U形槽313的配合为例说明。图中，O为 虚拟的光轴，第一轴件121的中心和第二轴件122的中心的连线穿过光轴O，图中以简单的长方形来示意底座10，旨在表明相关部件之间的相对位置，与具体结构无关。这里以第一轴件121和第二轴件122为具有导磁性能的部件来说明，与第一轴件121对应的磁吸磁石321在布置时，其与第一轴件121之间产生的第一磁吸力F1的方向与V形槽311的对称中心线重合，或者可理解为与V形槽311的V角的角平分线重合，这样，有利于V形槽311的两个槽壁均与第一轴件121紧贴；与第二轴件122对应的磁吸磁石321在布置时，其与第二轴件122之间产生的第二磁吸力F2的方向与第二轴件122和U形槽313抵靠的槽壁相垂直，可避免第二轴件122在其他方向偏离。图5所示示例中，第二轴件122与U形槽313的一个槽侧壁紧贴，在其他实施方式中，也可以使第二轴件122与U形槽的313另一个槽侧壁或者槽底壁紧贴，磁吸磁石321的位置相应改变。
上述均以第一轴件121和第二轴件122自身具有导磁性能说明，在其他实施方式中，第一轴件121和第二轴件122也可为普通轴，不具有导磁性能，此时可单独设置与磁吸磁石321配合的导磁件，当然，导磁件和磁吸磁石321之间的磁吸力的方向或者作用点仍与前述设置类似，不再详述。
在导磁件为独立部件时，导磁件和磁吸磁石321的一者与底座10相对固定，另一者与载体31等活动部件30相对固定，具体而言，磁吸磁石321与底座10相对固定，导磁件与载体31相对固定，或者，磁吸磁石321与载体31相对固定，导磁件与底座10相对固定。
实际应用中，为降低V形槽311的两个槽壁面的加工精度，确保第一轴件121能够与V形槽311的两个槽壁面抵靠，可以在V形槽311的两个槽壁面都设置凸起结构，每个槽壁面可设置至少两个凸起结构，至少两个凸起结构沿着第一轴件121的长度所在方向间隔排布，V形槽311在随载体31运动过程中，只要其凸起结构能够始终保证与第一轴件121的抵靠即可；在每个槽壁面都设置有两个凸起结构时，两个凸起结构可设于V形槽311的两个端部，保证第一轴件121与V形槽311的配合长度，即第一轴件121在两个抵靠点之间的长度。
同样地，导向面部312或者U形槽313的与第二轴件122配合的槽壁面也可设置凸起结构，使第二轴件122与凸起结构相抵靠，以降低导向面部312或者U形槽313的槽壁面的平面度的加工难度。
上述均以第一导向部(V形槽311和导向面部312或U形槽313)与载体31相对固定，第二导向部(第一轴件121和第二轴件122)与底座10相对固定为例说明，实际应用中，也可将第一导向部与底座10相对固定，第二导向部与载体31相对固定。
另外，上述以第二导向部为轴件为例说明，实际应用中，第二导向部也可为其他结构形式，比如第二导向部包括若干滚珠，若干滚珠沿平行于光轴的方向排列，与轴件相比，第二导向部设为滚珠时，第一导向部和滚珠的接触为点接触，可降低两者之间的摩擦力，为对焦的快速响应提供有利条件；具体应用时，两个导向组件的两个第二导向部可以都设为滚珠，也可以一个设为轴件，一个设为滚珠形式。
在其他实施方式中，若组装、加工条件等允许，与轴件或滚珠结构配合的两个第一导向部均可以设为V形槽311的结构形式，当然，若对导向要求不高，两个第一导向部也可以均设为导向面部312或者U形槽313的结构形式。
在其他实施方式中，导向机构还可以设置其他数目的导向组件，比如一个导向组件或者三个以上的导向组件，但为载体31等活动部件30的导向可靠性和动作稳定性考虑，可设置两个以上的导向组件。
请一并参考图6和图7，图6为图6为图4中底座的结构示意图；图7为具体应用中一种弹性件的结构示意图。
结合图3，本实施方式中，设置在底座10和载体31之间的弹性件50为第一弹性件51，第一弹性件51具体设有两个，在布置时可相对摄像马达的中心对称，以确保载体31等活动部件30在弹出行程时动作的平稳性和可靠性。
第一弹性件51包括固定端511和自由端512，其固定端511与底座10固定连接，图示示例中，在固定端511设于固定孔513，底座10的对应位置设有定位凸部101，第一弹性件51的固定端511可通过固定孔513固定套设在定位凸部101上。第一弹性件51的自由端512可只与载体31接触， 组装时，载体31压置在第一弹性件51的自由端512上。
第一弹性件51的固定端511也可与底座10通过焊接或热熔等方式固定。
弹性件50的结构形式除了图3和图7所示外，还可以为图8所示的形式，此处为区分于第一弹性件51，将图8所示的弹性件50称之为第二弹性件52。
该第二弹性件52包括与底座10固定的固定部521和自由部512，自由部512还连接有供电集成部513，该第二弹性件52不仅作为弹出行程的动力结构，也可作为其他控制通路或驱动件与柔性电路板11之间实现电气连接的电连接件。在图8所示中，固定部521和自由部512之间的不规则折弯结构一方面可以保证第二弹性件52的结构强度，另一方面有利于控制第二弹性件52带动载体31动作的弹出行程量，该不规则折弯结构的具体形式可根据应用需求通过实验或仿真模拟来确定。
上述实施方式中，以驱动单元40为音圈马达为例介绍了摄像马达的结构，在其他实施方式中，驱动单元40还可以为其他形式，比如图9所示的SMA驱动器40A，或者图10所示的压电陶瓷驱动器40B。其中，SMA驱动器40A为利用形状记忆合金丝通电后收缩的特性，带动活动部件30沿光轴方向运动，实现调焦功能；压电陶瓷驱动器40B通过压电陶瓷产生规律性伸缩变形，与压电陶瓷粘性连接的谐振片放大了该形变，产生规律的上下拨动动作，拨动活动部件30沿着光轴方向运动，实现调焦功能。图9和图10中与图3、图4中功能相同的部件采用同一标号标示。
可以理解，不管驱动单元40为何种形式，均可与前述导向机构进行组合实现对活动部件30动作的导向和定位。
本申请的另一实施方式提供一种摄像模组，该摄像模组包括摄像镜头和前述介绍的摄像马达，摄像镜头安装在摄像马达的活动部件30(如载体31)上，通过摄像马达驱动摄像镜头伸缩以实现调焦，可以理解，工作时，摄像镜头与活动部件30一样包括弹出行程和对焦行程。
本申请的再一实施方式提供一种电子设备，该电子设备包括外壳和上述摄像模组，摄像模组设于外壳内，摄像模组使得电子设备实现获取影像或者即时视频通信等。电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、可穿戴设备、智能手表等具有摄像功能的移动或固定终端。
本文中，“第一”、“第二”和“第三”的使用只是为了区分相同功能的不同部件，不表示这些部件存在先后或主次等关系。
本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以对本申请进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本申请权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种摄像马达，其特征在于，包括：底座、驱动单元和活动部件；
    所述活动部件与所述底座之间设有弹性件；
    在外力和所述弹性件的作用下，所述活动部件能够在相对靠近所述底座的收回位置和相对远离所述底座的弹出位置之间切换，所述外力包括施加至所述活动部件的朝向所述底座方向的力；
    所述驱动单元用于驱动处于弹出位置的所述活动部件相对所述底座往复运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述摄像马达还包括导向机构，所述导向机构用于对所述活动部件的往复运动进行导向，以使其沿平行于摄像镜头的光轴的方向移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述导向机构包括至少一个导向组件，所述导向组件包括第一导向部和第二导向部，一者与所述活动部件相对固定，另一者与所述底座相对固定；所述第一导向部与所述第二导向部相互抵靠，且两者能在与所述光轴平行的方向上相对滑动。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述第二导向部为轴件，所述轴件的轴线方向与所述光轴平行；或者，所述第二导向部包括若干滚珠，若干所述滚珠沿平行于所述光轴的方向排列。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述导向机构包括两个所述导向组件，两个所述导向组件分别位于所述活动部件的两个对角部位。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，两个所述导向组件中，第一个所述第一导向部包括第一壁和第二壁，第一个所述第二导向部同时抵靠所述第一壁和所述第二壁，第二个所述第一导向部包括第三壁，第二个所述第二导向部抵靠所述第三壁。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，两个所述导向组件中，两个所述第二导向部的中心的连线穿过所述光轴的中心。
  8. 根据权利要求3-7任一项所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述第一导向部和所述第二导向部之间具有磁吸力，以使所述第一导向部与第二导向部紧贴。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述导向组件还包括导磁件和磁吸磁石，两者之间产生所述磁吸力；所述导磁件和所述磁吸磁石中的一者设于所述活动部件，另一者设于所述底座，或者，所述第二导向部为具有导磁性能的部件，所述磁吸磁石与所述第一导向部相对固定。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述驱动单元包括驱动磁石和线圈部件，一者与所述活动部件相对固定，另一者与所述底座相对固定，所述线圈部件与所述驱动磁石的位置对应。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述驱动磁石与所述底座相对固定，所述线圈部件与所述活动部件相对固定，所述驱动磁石包括第一磁石和第二磁石，所述第二磁石支撑所述第一磁石，且在所述第二磁石和所述第一磁石之间形成背向所述底座的台阶面；所述摄像马达还包括壳体，所述壳体与所述底座相对固定，且罩住所述驱动磁石，所述壳体具有与所述台阶面适配的壳肩面部。
  12. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述驱动单元为SMA驱动器或者压电陶瓷驱动器。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任一项所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述摄像马达还包括壳体，所述壳体与所述底座相对固定，所述壳体具有开口，所述活动部件在往复运动中能够伸出所述开口。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任一项所述的摄像马达，其特征在于，所述外力由所述驱动单元提供。
  15. 一种摄像模组，包括摄像镜头和摄像马达，其特征在于，所述摄像马达为权利要求1-14任一项所述的摄像马达，所述摄像镜头安装于所述摄像马达的所述活动部件。
  16. 一种电子设备，包括外壳和摄像模组，所述摄像模组安装于所述外壳内，其特征在于，所述摄像模组为权利要求15所述的摄像模组。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括构件和驱动部件，所述驱动部件用于产生所述外力，所述外力通过所述构件作用于所述活动部件。
PCT/CN2023/104474 2022-10-31 2023-06-30 摄像马达、摄像模组及电子设备 WO2024093316A1 (zh)

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CN105785549A (zh) * 2016-05-19 2016-07-20 深圳市世尊科技有限公司 用于摄像模组的自动对焦音圈马达
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CN114545583A (zh) * 2021-03-19 2022-05-27 北京可利尔福科技有限公司 自动对焦马达及摄像模组
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