WO2024093237A1 - 一种采样设备和采样方法 - Google Patents

一种采样设备和采样方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024093237A1
WO2024093237A1 PCT/CN2023/098879 CN2023098879W WO2024093237A1 WO 2024093237 A1 WO2024093237 A1 WO 2024093237A1 CN 2023098879 W CN2023098879 W CN 2023098879W WO 2024093237 A1 WO2024093237 A1 WO 2024093237A1
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Prior art keywords
sampling
crushing
sample
assembly
tool
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PCT/CN2023/098879
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方玉
王攀
周伟
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上海中科荃银分子育种技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2024093237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093237A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of plant sampling, and in particular to a sampling device and a sampling method.
  • the embodiments of the present application hope to provide a sampling device and a sampling method to improve the efficiency of plant-related molecular biology research.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a sampling device, including:
  • a sampling cutter used for separating the sample from the sampled object, wherein the sampling cutter is formed with a crushing portion;
  • a first driving assembly wherein the sampling tool is arranged on the first driving assembly
  • a crushing assembly wherein the first driving assembly is used to move the sampling tool relative to the crushing assembly so that the crushing part crushes the sample.
  • the crushing assembly is formed with a sampling channel, and the crushing part moves into the sampling channel.
  • the sample channel is opened to fragment the sample.
  • the crushing assembly comprises:
  • a sample stage used for placing the sampled object, wherein the sampling channel runs through the sample stage
  • a collection container is located below the sample stage to collect samples, and the closed end of the sampling channel is located in the collection container.
  • the crushing portion includes at least one cutting edge.
  • the cutting blade is divided into a plurality of sub-sample areas.
  • At least one of the cutting edges is a first cutting edge, the first cutting edge is annular in shape, at least one of the cutting edges is a second cutting edge, the second cutting edge is located on the inner side of the first cutting edge, and the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge are surrounded to form a plurality of sub-sample areas.
  • the first drive assembly includes:
  • a loading mechanism wherein the sampling tool is installed on the loading mechanism
  • a separation device is arranged on the loading mechanism, and is used to separate the sampling tool from the loading mechanism to sample the sampled object on the crushing component.
  • the separation device is a firing device
  • the loading mechanism includes:
  • a chassis wherein the crushing assembly and the firing device are arranged on the chassis;
  • the loading body is arranged in the chassis, the sampling tool is installed on the loading body, and the firing device is used to drive the sampling tool to separate from the loading body.
  • a second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a sampling method, which is applied to a sampling device, wherein the sampling device comprises a sampling tool, a first drive assembly and a crushing assembly, wherein the sampling tool is used to separate a sample from a sampled object, wherein the sampling tool is formed with a crushing portion, and wherein the sampling tool is disposed on the first drive assembly, wherein the first drive assembly is used to move the sampling tool relative to the crushing assembly so that the crushing portion crushes the sample, wherein the sampling method comprises:
  • the first driving assembly is started, and the crushing portion of the sampling tool is moved by the first driving assembly to at least contact the sampled object to crush the sampled object.
  • the crushing assembly forms a sampling channel, the crushing part moves into the sampling channel to crush the sample
  • the first driving assembly includes a loading mechanism and a separation device
  • the sampling tool is installed on the loading mechanism
  • the separation device is arranged on the loading mechanism, and the separation device is used to separate the sampling tool from the loading mechanism
  • the first driving assembly is started, and the crushing part of the sampling tool moves through the first driving assembly to at least contact with the sampled object to crush the sampled object.
  • the separation device is activated to move the sampling tool moved out of the filling mechanism into the sampling channel.
  • the sampling cutter separates the sample from the sampled object to achieve sampling of the sampled object.
  • the sampled object placed on the crushing component is crushed by the relative movement between the crushing part and the crushing component.
  • the sampling and crushing of the sampled object can be achieved in the time originally used to sample the sampled object, thereby reducing the total time required for sampling and crushing the sampled object.
  • the sampling device can be used to sample plants. By crushing the collected sample during the sampling process, there is no need to transfer the collected sample to other devices for crushing.
  • the sampling and crushing of the plant can be achieved in the time originally used to sample the plant, thereby reducing the total time required for sampling and crushing the plant. Therefore, it can better connect with the existing high-throughput DNA automated extraction equipment and improve the efficiency of plant-related molecular biology research.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sampling device according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the structure inside the chassis is not shown;
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling device according to an embodiment of the present application. Structure, some chassis are not shown in the figure;
  • FIG3 is an enlarged view of position A in FIG2 ;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sampling tool according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the cutting position of the sampling tool in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view at position B-B in Fig. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of sampling channels according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • sampling tool 1 crushing part 11; sub-sample area 12; first cutting edge 13; second cutting edge 14; knife sleeve 15; crushing knife 16; first drive assembly 2; loading mechanism 21; chassis 211; loading body 212; separation device 22; crushing assembly 3; sampling channel 31; sample table 32; collection container 33.
  • orientation or position relationship is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in FIG2. It should be understood that these orientation terms are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.
  • the up and down directions are the directions indicated by arrows R1 in the figure.
  • the collected samples need to be transferred to the corresponding crushing device for crushing before relevant testing. Sampling and crushing are performed separately, making plant sampling and crushing The total time required for crushing is long, the efficiency is low, and it is difficult to connect with existing high-throughput DNA automated extraction equipment.
  • the puncher for sampling leaves in the related art can sample the leaves, but cannot crush the leaves.
  • the collected leaf samples need to be transferred to the corresponding crushing device for crushing before DNA extraction.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a sampling device, please refer to Figures 1 to 3, the sampling device includes a sampling tool 1, a first drive assembly 2 and a crushing component 3.
  • the sampling tool 1 is used to separate the sample from the sampled object, and the sampling tool 1 is formed with a crushing part 11.
  • the sampling tool 1 is arranged on the first drive assembly 2.
  • the first drive assembly 2 is used to move the sampling tool 1 relative to the crushing component 3 so that the crushing part 11 crushes the sample.
  • the sampling tool 1 separates the sample from the sampled object to achieve sampling of the sampled object.
  • the sampled object placed on the crushing component 3 is crushed by the relative movement between the crushing part 11 and the crushing component 3.
  • the sampling and crushing of the sampled object can be achieved by using the original time for sampling the sampled object, thereby reducing the total time for sampling and crushing the sampled object.
  • the sampling device can be used to sample plants. By crushing the collected samples during the sampling process, there is no need to transfer the collected samples to other devices for crushing.
  • the original time for sampling the plants can be used to achieve sampling and crushing of the plants, thereby reducing the total time for sampling and crushing of the plants. It can therefore be better connected with existing high-throughput DNA automated extraction equipment and improve the efficiency of plant-related molecular biology research.
  • the sampling device can be used to sample leaves of plants.
  • sampling device can not only sample leaves, but also other roughly sheet-shaped parts of the plant.
  • the objects sampled by the sampling device are not limited to the leaves of the plant.
  • sampling equipment is not limited to sampling plants.
  • the crushing assembly 3 is formed with a sampling channel 31, and the crushing part 11 moves into the sampling channel 31 to crush the sample.
  • the crushing part 11 moves into the sampling channel 31 to crush the plant sample, and the crushed sample can also be retained in the sampling channel 31 as much as possible, preventing the crushed sample from being scattered irregularly.
  • the crushing assembly 3 may not be provided with the sampling channel 31 , and the plant is placed on the crushing assembly 3 , and the plane on the crushing assembly 3 for supporting the plant cooperates with the crushing part 11 to crush the plant on the crushing assembly 3 .
  • the crushing part 11 includes at least one cutting edge. With such a structure, the plants placed on the crushing assembly 3 are chopped up by the cutting edge.
  • the plants above the crushing assembly 3 can be chopped by the cutting blade of the crushing portion 11 .
  • the crushing part 11 moves into the sampling channel 31
  • the plant samples at the sampling channel 31 are chopped by the cutting blades and separated from the plants, and the separated and chopped plants are brought into the sampling channel 31 by the crushing part 11 for retention.
  • the crushing assembly 3 includes a sample table 32 and a collection container 33.
  • the sample table 32 is used to place the sampled object, and the sampling channel 31 runs through the sample table 32.
  • the collection container 33 is located below the sample table 32 to collect samples, and the closed end of the sampling channel 31 is located in the collection container 33.
  • the sample table 32 is used to isolate the plant and the collection container 33 to a certain extent, and the collection container 33 collects the separated and crushed samples through the collection channel, which prevents the collection container 33 from contacting the unsampled part of the plant on the sample table 32 to a certain extent, thereby reducing the contamination of the sample.
  • the sampling channel 31 runs through the sample table 32, which is conducive to the samples collected from the plants on the sample table 32 falling into the collection container 33 below through the sampling channel 31, so as to better collect the separated and crushed samples.
  • the closed end of the sampling channel 31 is located in the collection container 33, which means that the sampling The channel 31 does not penetrate the collection container 33, and the sample falling into the collection channel can be well retained in the collection container 33, which is beneficial to sample collection.
  • the cutting blades are arranged around a plurality of sub-sample areas 12.
  • the plant sample is divided by the cutting blades into a plurality of sub-samples corresponding to the sub-sample areas 12, thereby achieving sample fragmentation.
  • plural refers to two or more than two. For example, it can be 2, 5 or 8.
  • At least one cutting edge is a first cutting edge 13, and the shape of the first cutting edge 13 is annular.
  • the annular first cutting edge 13 is conducive to separating the sample from the plant.
  • At least one cutting edge is a second cutting edge 14, the second cutting edge 14 is located inside the first cutting edge 13, and the first cutting edge 13 and the second cutting edge 14 are arranged to form a plurality of sub-sample areas 12.
  • the second cutting edge 14 is located inside the first cutting edge 13, which means that the second cutting edge 14 is located in the space surrounded by the first cutting edge 13, and the first cutting edge 13 and the second cutting edge 14 are arranged to form a plurality of sub-sample areas 12, and the first cutting edge 13 and the second cutting edge 14 cooperate with each other to divide the sample into a plurality of sub-samples corresponding to the sub-sample areas 12, and the annular first cutting edge 13 separates the sample from the plant.
  • the number of the first cutting edges 13 can be set according to actual needs.
  • the number of the first cutting edges 13 can be 1.
  • the number of the first cutting edges 13 can be multiple.
  • the number of the second cutting edges 14 may be 1, 2, 4 or 7.
  • the number of the first cutting edge 13 and the number of the second cutting edge 14 are both one, and the second cutting edge 14 divides the space surrounded by the first cutting edge 13 into two sub-sample areas 12 .
  • the number of the first cutting blade 13 is one, and the number of the second cutting blade 13 is one.
  • the sampling tool 1 includes a tool sleeve 15 and a crushing knife 16 connected to the inner side of the tool sleeve 15.
  • the first cutting edge 13 is formed on the tool sleeve 15, and the first cutting edge 13 is located at the end of the tool sleeve 15 facing the crushing knife 16.
  • the second cutting edge 14 is formed on the crushing knife 16.
  • the sub-sample area 12 surrounded by the first cutting edge 13 and the second cutting edge 14 is connected to the space in the tool sleeve 15.
  • the sub-sample area 12 is connected to the space in the tool sleeve 15, which is conducive to the operator to extract the crushed sample in the sampling channel 31 from the end of the tool sleeve 15 away from the crushing knife 16 through the space in the tool sleeve 15 and the sub-sample area 12.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 there are four crushing blades 16 .
  • each crushing knife 16 is formed with a second cutting edge 14 .
  • the second cutting edge 14 is located on a side of the crushing knife 16 that faces the knife sleeve 15 along the radial direction of the knife sleeve 15 .
  • the radial dimension of the second blade along the blade sleeve 15 is a preset dimension
  • the direction of the crushing blade 16 pointing to the blade sleeve 15 along the axial direction of the blade sleeve 15 is a preset direction
  • the preset dimension gradually increases along the preset direction.
  • the preset direction is the direction indicated by arrow R2 in FIG. 6 .
  • the first blade and the second blade are spaced apart.
  • the first blade is arranged in a complete ring shape, which is conducive to separating the sample from the plant through the first blade.
  • the crushing portion 11 does not necessarily adopt a cutting blade structure.
  • a cutting blade can be set at the opening position of the sampling channel 31 of the crushing component 3.
  • the first driving assembly 2 drives multiple sampling tools 1 to move into the sampling channel 31 through the corresponding sub-sample area to achieve cutting and crushing of the sample.
  • the collection container 33 can be a 96-well plate or a 48-well plate.
  • the collection container 33 may be a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plate, and the bottom of the PCR plate is conical.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • the sampling device further includes a second driving assembly, which is used to drive the collection container 33 to move so that different spaces on the collection container 33 serve as part of the sampling channel 31 to receive the sample.
  • a second driving assembly which is used to drive the collection container 33 to move so that different spaces on the collection container 33 serve as part of the sampling channel 31 to receive the sample.
  • the first drive assembly 2 includes a loading mechanism 21 and a separation device 22.
  • the sampling tool 1 is installed on the loading mechanism 21, and the separation device 22 is provided on the loading mechanism 21.
  • the separation device 22 is used to separate the sampling tool 1 from the loading mechanism 21 to sample the sampled object on the crushing assembly 3.
  • sampling is performed by separating the sampling tool 1 from the loading mechanism 21 through the separation device 22. Since the sampling tool 1 is separated from the loading mechanism 21 during the sampling process, the loading mechanism 21 will load other sampling tools 1 to a position where sampling can be performed for the next sampling. Therefore, the same sampling tool 1 is not used for each sampling, which can prevent samples collected multiple times from being contaminated by the same sampling tool 1.
  • the sampling tool 1 can be drivably connected to the first driving assembly 2 , and the sampling tool 1 can be driven by the first driving assembly 2 to repeatedly sample.
  • the separation device 22 is a firing device.
  • the loading mechanism 21 includes a chassis 211 and a loading body 212.
  • the crushing assembly 3 and the firing device are disposed in the chassis 211.
  • the loading body 212 is disposed in the chassis 211, the sampling cutter 1 is mounted on the loading body 212, and the firing device is used to drive the sampling cutter 1 to separate from the loading body 212.
  • the box 211 is installed with the loading body 212, the crushing component 3 and the firing device, so that the loading body 212, the crushing component 3 and the firing device are supported by the box 211, and the sampling tool 1 in the loading body 212 is bombarded by the firing device installed on the box 211 to separate the sampling tool 1 from the loading body 212, and the plants on the crushing component 3 are sampled by the separated sampling tool 1.
  • the loading body 212 includes a body and a clamping member rotatably connected to the body, the body is mounted on the chassis 211, the sampling tool 1 is mounted on the body, the separation device 22 is mounted on the body or the chassis 211, and the separation device 22 drives the clamping member to move to clamp or release the sampling tool 1.
  • the separation device 22 drives the clamping member to move to clamp or release the sampling tool 1.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a sampling method, which is applied to a sampling device.
  • the sampling method includes: placing the sampled object on the crushing component 3; starting the first drive assembly 2, and the crushing part 11 of the sampling tool 1 moves through the first drive assembly 2 to at least contact with the sampled object to crush the sampled object.
  • the sampling tool 1 is moved relative to the crushing assembly 3 by starting the first driving assembly 2 to sample the plants on the crushing assembly 3 .
  • the first drive assembly 2 is started, and the crushing portion 11 of the sampling tool 1 is moved through the first drive assembly 2 to at least contact the sampled object to crush the sampled object.
  • the step includes: starting the separation device 22 to move the sampling tool 1 moved out of the loading mechanism 21 into the sampling channel 31.
  • the sampling knife 1 is separated from the filling mechanism 21, so as to avoid the samples obtained by multiple samplings from being contaminated by the same sampling knife.
  • the case 211 is formed with a handle, and the handle is located on the outside of the case 211. In this way, it is convenient to carry the sampling device through the handle.
  • the case 211 is formed with an opening, and the opening is aligned with the loading body 212 along the axial direction of the opening. In this way, it is convenient to disassemble and assemble the loading body 212 to insert the loading body 212 into the loading body 212.

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Abstract

一种采样设备和采样方法，属于植株采样技术领域，采样设备包括采样刀具（1）、第一驱动总成（2）和破碎组件（3）。采样刀具（1）用于将样品与被采样对象分离，采样刀具（1）形成有破碎部（11）。采样刀具（1）设置于第一驱动总成（2）。第一驱动总成（2）用于使采样刀具（1）相对于破碎组件（3）移动以使破碎部（11）破碎样品。采样设备降低了对植株进行采样和破碎的总时长，因而能够较好地衔接已有的高通量DNA自动化提取设备，提高植物相关的分子生物学研究效率。

Description

一种采样设备和采样方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202211358278.7、申请日为2022年11月01日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及植株采样技术领域，尤其涉及一种采样设备和采样方法。
背景技术
通过对植株采样，将采得的植株样品作进一步的检测。相关技术中，植物叶片取样和破碎无法衔接已有的高通量DNA自动化提取设备，影响到植物相关的分子生物学研究效率。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例期望提供一种采样设备和采样方法，以提高植物相关的分子生物学研究效率。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例第一方面提供一种采样设备，包括：
采样刀具，用于将样品与被采样对象分离，所述采样刀具形成有破碎部；
第一驱动总成，所述采样刀具设置于所述第一驱动总成；
破碎组件，所述第一驱动总成用于使所述采样刀具相对于所述破碎组件移动以使所述破碎部破碎所述样品。
一实施例中，所述破碎组件形成有采样通道，所述破碎部移入所述采 样通道以使所述样品破碎。
一实施例中，所述破碎组件包括：
样品台，用于放置被采样对象，所述采样通道贯穿所述样品台；
采集容器，位于所述样品台的下方以收集样品，所述采样通道的封闭端位于所述采集容器。
一实施例中，所述破碎部包括至少一条切割刃。
一实施例中，所述切割刃围设成多个子样区。
一实施例中，其中至少一条切割刃为第一切割刃，所述第一切割刃的形状呈环形，其中至少一条切割刃为第二切割刃，所述第二切割刃位于所述第一切割刃的内侧，所述第一切割刃和所述第二切割刃围围设成多个所述子样区。
一实施例中，所述第一驱动总成包括：
装填机构，所述采样刀具安装于所述装填机构；
分离装置，设置于所述装填机构，所述分离装置用于将所述采样刀具与所述装填机构分离以对所述破碎组件上的被采样对象采样。
一实施例中，所述分离装置为击发装置，所述装填机构包括：
机箱，所述破碎组件和所述击发装置设置于所述机箱；
装填主体，设置于所述机箱，所述采样刀具安装于所述装填主体，所述击发装置用于驱动所述采样刀具与所述装填主体分离。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种采样方法，应用于采样设备，采样设备包括采样刀具、第一驱动总成和破碎组件，所述采样刀具用于将样品与被采样对象分离，所述采样刀具形成有破碎部，所述采样刀具设置于所述第一驱动总成，所述第一驱动总成用于使所述采样刀具相对于所述破碎组件移动以使所述破碎部破碎所述样品，所述采样方法包括：
将被采样对象放置于所述破碎组件；
启动所述第一驱动总成，所述采样刀具的破碎部通过所述第一驱动总成移动至至少与所述被采样对象接触以破碎所述被采样对象。
一实施例中，所述破碎组件形成有采样通道，所述破碎部移入所述采样通道以使所述样品破碎，所述第一驱动总成包括装填机构和分离装置，所述采样刀具安装于所述装填机构，所述分离装置设置于所述装填机构，所述分离装置用于将所述采样刀具与所述装填机构分离；启动所述第一驱动总成，所述采样刀具的破碎部通过所述第一驱动总成移动至至少与所述被采样对象接触以破碎所述被采样对象的步骤包括：
启动分离装置以使移出装填机构的采样刀具移入所述采样通道。
本申请实施例的采样设备，采样刀具将样品与被采样对象分离实现对被采样对象的采样，在第一驱动总成驱动采样刀具相对于破碎组件移动对被采样对象进行采样的过程中，通过破碎部与破碎组件之间的相对移动实现对放置于破碎组件上的被采样对象进行破碎。通过在采样过程中实现对采得的样品进行破碎，不需要再对采得的样品转移到其它装置进行破碎，利用原来对被采样对象进行采样的时间就能够实现对被采样对象的采样和破碎，降低了对被采样对象进行采样和破碎的总时长。示例性地，采样设备可以用于对植株进行采样，通过在采样过程中实现对采得的样品进行破碎，不需要再对采得的样品转移到其它装置进行破碎，利用原来对植株进行采样的时间就能够实现对植株的采样和破碎，降低了对植株进行采样和破碎的总时长，因而能够较好地衔接已有的高通量DNA自动化提取设备，提高植物相关的分子生物学研究效率。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例的采样设备的结构示意图，图中未示出机箱内结构；
图2为本申请实施例的采样设备的结构示意图，图中示出了机箱内结 构，图中部分机箱未示出；
图3为图2中位置A处的放大视图；
图4为本申请实施例的采样刀具的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例的采样刀具的剖切位置示意图；
图6为图5中位置B-B处的剖视图；
图7为本申请实施例的采样通道布置图。
附图标记说明：采样刀具1；破碎部11；子样区12；第一切割刃13；第二切割刃14；刀套15；破碎刀16；第一驱动总成2；装填机构21；机箱211；装填主体212；分离装置22；破碎组件3；采样通道31；样品台32；采集容器33。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的技术特征可以相互组合，具体实施方式中的详细描述应理解为本申请宗旨的解释说明，不应视为对本申请的不当限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、方位或位置关系为基于附图2所示的方位或位置关系，需要理解的是，这些方位术语仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
本申请实施例中，请参阅图2，上下方向为图中箭头R1所示的方向。
作为本申请创造性构思的一部分，在描述本申请的实施例之前，需对相关技术中，植物叶片取样和破碎无法衔接已有的高通量DNA自动化提取设备的原因进行分析，通过合理的分析得到本申请实施例的技术方案。
相关技术中，对植株采样后，需要将采得的样品转移到相应的破碎装置进行破碎后再进行相关的检测，采样和破碎分开进行，使得植株采样和 破碎所用的总时长较长，效率较低，难以衔接已有的高通量DNA自动化提取设备。示例性地，相关技术中对叶片进行采样的打孔器可以对叶片进行采样，但无法对叶片进行破碎，需要将采得的叶片样品转移到相应的破碎装置进行破碎，再进行DNA提取。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种采样设备，请参阅图1～图3，采样设备包括采样刀具1、第一驱动总成2和破碎组件3。采样刀具1用于将样品与被采样对象分离，所述采样刀具1形成有破碎部11。所述采样刀具1设置于所述第一驱动总成2。所述第一驱动总成2用于使所述采样刀具1相对于所述破碎组件3移动以使所述破碎部11破碎所述样品。如此结构形式，采样刀具1将样品与被采样对象分离实现对被采样对象的采样，在第一驱动总成2驱动采样刀具1相对于破碎组件3移动对被采样对象进行采样的过程中，通过破碎部11与破碎组件3之间的相对移动实现对放置于破碎组件3上的被采样对象进行破碎。通过在采样过程中实现对采得的样品进行破碎，不需要再对采得的样品转移到其它装置进行破碎，利用原来对被采样对象进行采样的时间就能够实现对被采样对象的采样和破碎，降低了对被采样对象进行采样和破碎的总时长。示例性地，采样设备可以用于对植株进行采样，通过在采样过程中实现对采得的样品进行破碎，不需要再对采得的样品转移到其它装置进行破碎，利用原来对植株进行采样的时间就能够实现对植株的采样和破碎，降低了对植株进行采样和破碎的总时长，因而能够较好地衔接已有的高通量DNA自动化提取设备，提高植物相关的分子生物学研究效率。
一实施例中，采样设备可以用于对植株的叶片进行采样。
需要说明的是，采样设备不仅可以对叶片进行采样，还可以对植株的其它大致呈片状的部分进行采样，采样设备采样的对象并不局限于植株的叶片。
需要说明的是，采样设备并不局限于对植株进行采样。
一实施例中，请参阅图3，破碎组件3形成有采样通道31，破碎部11移入采样通道31以使样品破碎。如此结构形式，通过破碎部11移入采样通道31对植株样品进行破碎，被破碎的样品也能够尽可能地留存在采样通道31内，避免被破碎的样品无规则地散逸。
一实施例中，破碎组件3也可以不设置采样通道31，植株放置于破碎组件3，破碎组件3上用于承载植株的平面与破碎部11配合对破碎组件3上的植株进行破碎。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，破碎部11包括至少一条切割刃。如此结构形式，通过切割刃将放置在破碎组件3上的植株切碎。
一实施例中，当破碎组件3不设置采样通道31，可通过破碎部11的切割刃对破碎组件3上方的植株切碎。
一实施例中，当破碎部11移入采样通道31，采样通道31处的植株的样品通过切割刃切碎且与植株分离，分离切碎的植株被破碎部11带入采样通道31留存。
一实施例中，请参阅图3，破碎组件3包括样品台32和采集容器33。样品台32用于放置被采样对象，所述采样通道31贯穿所述样品台32。采集容器33位于样品台32的下方以收集样品，采样通道31的封闭端位于采集容器33。如此结构形式，当被采样对象为植株，通过样品台32放置植株，采集容器33位于样品台32的下方，通过样品台32在一定程度上将植株和采集容器33隔离开，采集容器33通过采集通道收集分离破碎的样品，在一定程度上防止采集容器33接触到样品台32上的植株未被采样的部分，降低样品的污染。采样通道31贯穿样品台32，有利于样品台32上的植株被采得的样品通过采样通道31落入下方的采集容器33，从而较好地对分离破碎的样品进行收集。采样通道31的封闭端位于采集容器33，意味着采样 通道31并没有贯穿采集容器33，落入采集通道内的样品能够较好地留存在采集容器33内，有利于样品收集。
一实施例中，请参阅图4和图5，切割刃围设在多个子样区12。如此结构形式，由于切割刃围设成多个子样区12，植株的样品被切割刃分割成与子样区12对应的多个子样品，从而实现样品的破碎。
需要说明的是，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。示例性地，可以为2个、5个或8个。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，其中至少一条切割刃为第一切割刃13，第一切割刃13的形状呈环形。如此结构形式，环形的第一切割刃13有利于将样品与植株分离。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，其中至少一条切割刃为第二切割刃14，第二切割刃14位于第一切割刃13的内侧，第一切割刃13和第二切割刃14围设成多个子样区12。如此结构形式，第二切割刃14位于第一切割刃13的内侧，意味着第二切割刃14位于第一切割刃13环绕成的空间内，第一切割刃13和第二切割刃14围设成多个子样区12，通过第一切割刃13和第二切割刃14相互配合将样品分割成与子样区12对应的多个子样品，环形的第一切割刃13将样品与植株分离。
需要说明的是，第一切割刃13的数量可根据实际需要设置。示例性地，第一切割刃13的数量可以为1个。示例性地，第一切割刃13的数量可以为多个。
需要说明的是，第二切割刃14的数量不限。示例性地，第二切割刃14的数量可以为1个、2个、4个或7个。
示例性地，第一切割刃13和第二切割刃14的数量均为一个，第二切割刃14将第一切割刃13环绕的空间分割成两个子样区12。
示例性地，请参阅图4～图6，第一切割刃13的数量为一个，第二切割 刃14的数量为四个，一个第一切割刃13和四个第二切割刃14围设成四个子样区12。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，采样刀具1包括刀套15和连接在刀套15内侧的破碎刀16。第一切割刃13形成于刀套15，第一切割刃13位于刀套15朝向破碎刀16的一端。第二切割刃14形成于破碎刀16。第一切割刃13和第二切割刃14围设成的子样区12与刀套15内的空间连通。如此结构形式，当采样刀具1随破碎后的样品留存在采样通道31内，子样区12与刀套15内的空间连通，有利于操作人员从刀套15背离破碎刀16的一端经刀套15内的空间和子样区12提取采样通道31内破碎的样品。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，破碎刀16的数量为多个，多个破碎刀16沿刀套15的周向设置，所有破碎刀16沿刀套15的径向背离刀套15的一侧相互连接。如此，子样区12的数量与破碎刀16的数量相等。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，破碎刀16的数量四个。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，每个破碎刀16形成有一条第二切割刃14。
一实施例中，请参阅图4～图6，所述第二切割刃14位于所述破碎刀16沿所述刀套15的径向朝向所述刀套15的一侧。
一实施例中，请参阅图6，第二刀刃沿刀套15的径向的尺寸为预设尺寸，破碎刀16沿刀套15的轴向指向刀套15的方向为预设方向，预设尺寸沿预设方向逐渐增大。如此结构形式，破碎刀16上的第二切割刃14在破碎刀16背离预设方向的一端汇聚成刀尖，在采样过程中，破碎刀16背离预设方向的刀尖刺穿并通过第二刀刃逐渐分割，被分割的样品在第一刀刃的作用下与植株分离。
一实施例中，预设方向为图6中箭头R2所示的方向。
一实施例中，请参阅图6，第一刀刃和第二刀刃间隔设置。如此结构形 式，第一刀刃呈完整的环状布置，有利于通过第一刀刃将样品与植株分离。
一实施例中，破碎部11不一定采用切割刃的结构形式，破碎组件3的采样通道31的开口位置处可以设置切割刃，第一驱动总成2驱动多个采样刀具1经对应的子样品区移入采样通道31，实现对样品的切割破碎。
一实施例中，采集容器33可以为96孔板或48孔板。
一实施例中，采集容器33可以为聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction，PCR)板。PCR板底部呈锥状。
一实施例中，采样设备还包括第二驱动总成，第二驱动总成用于驱动采集容器33移动，以使采集容器33上不同的空间作为采样通道31的一部分以接收样品。
一实施例中，请参阅图3，第一驱动总成2包括装填机构21和分离装置22。采样刀具1安装于装填机构21，分离装置22设置于装填机构21，分离装置22用于将采样刀具1与装填机构21分离以对破碎组件3上的被采样对象采样。如此结构形式，通过分离装置22将采样刀具1与装填机构21分离的方式进行采样，由于采样过程中，采样刀具1与装填机构21分离，装填机构21会将其它采样刀具1装填到能够进行采样的位置以便进行下一次采样，因此，每次采样都没有使用同一把采样刀具1，能够避免多次采得的样品通过同一把采样刀具1相互污染。
一实施例中，采样刀具1可以与第一驱动总成2驱动连接，可以通过第一驱动总成2驱动采样刀具1反复采样。
一实施例中，请参阅图3，分离装置22为击发装置。
一实施例中，请参阅图3，装填机构21包括机箱211和装填主体212。所述破碎组件3和所述击发装置设置于所述机箱211。装填主体212设置于所述机箱211，所述采样刀具1安装于所述装填主体212，所述击发装置用于驱动所述采样刀具1与所述装填主体212分离。如此结构形式，通过机 箱211安装装填主体212、破碎组件3以及击发装置，从而通过机箱211对安装装填主体212、破碎组件3以及击发装置进行支撑，利用安装于机箱211上的击发装置轰击装填主体212内的采样刀具1，使采样刀具1与装填主体212分离，通过分离的采样刀具1对破碎组件3上的植株采样。
一实施例中，装填主体212包括本体和与本体转动连接的夹持件，本体安装于机箱211，采样刀具1安装于本体，分离装置22安装于本体或机箱211，分离装置22驱动夹持件移动以对夹持或松开采样刀具1。分离装置22松开，采样刀具1在重力作用下向一落，从而对采样刀具1下方的植株进行采样。
本申请实施例提供一种采样方法，采样方法应用于采样设备，所述采样方法包括：将被采样对象放置于所述破碎组件3；启动所述第一驱动总成2，所述采样刀具1的破碎部11通过所述第一驱动总成2移动至至少与所述被采样对象接触以破碎所述被采样对象。
通过启动第一驱动总成2使采样刀具1相对于破碎组件3移动以对破碎组件3上的植株采样。
一实施例中，启动所述第一驱动总成2，所述采样刀具1的破碎部11通过所述第一驱动总成2移动至至少与所述被采样对象接触以破碎所述被采样对象的步骤包括：启动分离装置22以使移出装填机构21的采样刀具1移入所述采样通道31。
通过启动分离装置22，将采样刀具1与装填机构21分离，避免多次采样得到的样品通过同一把采样刀相互污染。
一实施例中，所述机箱211形成有把手，所述把手位于所述机箱211的外侧。如此，便于通过把手携带采样设备。
一实施例中，所述机箱211形成有开口，所述开口沿所述开口的轴向与所述装填主体212对齐。如此，便于拆装装填主体212以向装填主体212 装填采样刀具1。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种采样设备，包括：
    采样刀具，用于将样品与被采样对象分离，所述采样刀具形成有破碎部；
    第一驱动总成，所述采样刀具设置于所述第一驱动总成；
    破碎组件，所述第一驱动总成用于使所述采样刀具相对于所述破碎组件移动以使所述破碎部破碎所述样品。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采样设备，所述破碎组件形成有采样通道，所述破碎部移入所述采样通道以使所述样品破碎。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的采样设备，所述破碎组件包括：
    样品台，用于放置被采样对象，所述采样通道贯穿所述样品台；
    采集容器，位于所述样品台的下方以收集样品，所述采样通道的封闭端位于所述采集容器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的采样设备，所述破碎部包括至少一条切割刃。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的采样设备，所述切割刃围设成多个子样区。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的采样设备，其中至少一条切割刃为第一切割刃，所述第一切割刃的形状呈环形，其中至少一条切割刃为第二切割刃，所述第二切割刃位于所述第一切割刃的内侧，所述第一切割刃和所述第二切割刃围围设成多个所述子样区。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的采样设备，所述第一驱动总成包括：
    装填机构，所述采样刀具安装于所述装填机构；
    分离装置，设置于所述装填机构，所述分离装置用于将所述采样刀具与所述装填机构分离以对所述破碎组件上的被采样对象采样。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的采样设备，所述分离装置为击发装置，所述装填机构包括：
    机箱，所述破碎组件和所述击发装置设置于所述机箱；
    装填主体，设置于所述机箱，所述采样刀具安装于所述装填主体，所述击发装置用于驱动所述采样刀具与所述装填主体分离。
  9. 一种采样方法，应用于采样设备，采样设备包括采样刀具、第一驱动总成和破碎组件，所述采样刀具用于将样品与被采样对象分离，所述采样刀具形成有破碎部，所述采样刀具设置于所述第一驱动总成，所述第一驱动总成用于使所述采样刀具相对于所述破碎组件移动以使所述破碎部破碎所述样品，所述采样方法包括：
    将被采样对象放置于所述破碎组件；
    启动所述第一驱动总成，所述采样刀具的破碎部通过所述第一驱动总成移动至至少与所述被采样对象接触以破碎所述被采样对象。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的采样方法，所述破碎组件形成有采样通道，所述破碎部移入所述采样通道以使所述样品破碎，所述第一驱动总成包括装填机构和分离装置，所述采样刀具安装于所述装填机构，所述分离装置设置于所述装填机构，所述分离装置用于将所述采样刀具与所述装填机构分离；启动所述第一驱动总成，所述采样刀具的破碎部通过所述第一驱动总成移动至至少与所述被采样对象接触以破碎所述被采样对象的步骤包括：
    启动分离装置以使移出装填机构的采样刀具移入所述采样通道。
PCT/CN2023/098879 2022-11-01 2023-06-07 一种采样设备和采样方法 WO2024093237A1 (zh)

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CN113959751A (zh) * 2021-09-22 2022-01-21 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 用于采集植物样本的仪器
CN114858505A (zh) * 2022-07-07 2022-08-05 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 植物叶片采样仪
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JPH0238942A (ja) * 1988-07-29 1990-02-08 Kawasaki Kiko Kk 加工茶葉のサンプリング装置
CN107214765A (zh) * 2017-05-09 2017-09-29 广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室 植物叶片打孔器
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