WO2024090472A1 - Capteur de concentration d'hydrogène gazeux - Google Patents

Capteur de concentration d'hydrogène gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024090472A1
WO2024090472A1 PCT/JP2023/038496 JP2023038496W WO2024090472A1 WO 2024090472 A1 WO2024090472 A1 WO 2024090472A1 JP 2023038496 W JP2023038496 W JP 2023038496W WO 2024090472 A1 WO2024090472 A1 WO 2024090472A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydrogen gas
electrode
container
electrode piece
electrolyte
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Application number
PCT/JP2023/038496
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
修治 原田
克己 高木
憲一 藤原
洋司 結城
Original Assignee
株式会社新潟Tlo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 株式会社新潟Tlo filed Critical 株式会社新潟Tlo
Publication of WO2024090472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024090472A1/fr

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrogen gas concentration sensor.
  • Conventional hydrogen gas concentration sensors are based on detection methods such as semiconductor, ionization, and combustion.
  • the measurement principle of these is to detect the amount of hydrogen indirectly as an "extensive physical quantity” such as “carrier concentration (semiconductor type),” “ion concentration (ionization type),” or “reaction heat (combustion type or burning and measuring the water vapor pressure),” and convert these into electrical quantities to use as sensors.
  • a hydrogen gas sensor As an example of a hydrogen gas concentration sensor that shortens the detection time, a hydrogen gas sensor has been proposed that includes a first electrode and a second electrode made of materials with different chemical potentials relative to hydrogen, and an electrolyte in contact with these electrodes, and detects hydrogen gas based on the electromotive force value generated between these electrodes (Patent Document 1).
  • the first electrode, second electrode, and electrolyte are covered with an outer skin, so in order to use the hydrogen gas sensor to measure the concentration of dissolved hydrogen gas in a liquid, at least the first electrode, which is the detection electrode, needs to be exposed from the outer skin and immersed in the liquid, while the electrolyte needs to be sealed from the liquid.
  • the first electrode which is the detection electrode
  • the sealing method poses technical and economic challenges.
  • the present invention aims to provide a hydrogen gas concentration sensor with a novel configuration that can detect the concentration of hydrogen gas present in environments such as high temperature and high humidity environments, and in special gases and liquids in the chemical industry.
  • a hydrogen gas concentration sensor comprising a first electrode piece and a second electrode piece, an electrolyte in which the electrodes are disposed apart from each other, and a container for accommodating the first electrode piece, the second electrode piece, and the electrolyte, the first electrode piece comprising a first electrode material having a standard electromotive force value of 0.8 V or more in a cell constituted of H 2 (-)
  • a hydrogen gas concentration sensor characterized in that hydrogen gas diffuses into the container through the gap to form a three-phase interface of hydrogen gas/electrolyte/first electrode piece.
  • the hydrogen gas sensor according to (3) characterized in that the gap is formed by pores of a porous material that closes the container end of the container.
  • the second electrode material includes at least one of tungsten, a tungsten alloy, nickel, a nickel alloy, titanium, a titanium alloy, copper, a copper alloy, iron, an iron alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, and a material containing these.
  • the present invention provides a hydrogen gas concentration sensor with a novel configuration that can detect the hydrogen gas concentration present in special gases and liquids in high temperature and high humidity environments, such as those used in the chemical industry, and is used as a hydrogen concentration sensor for controlling hydrogen fuel cells.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen gas concentration sensor according to an embodiment.
  • 11 is a graph showing EMF values when a platinum wire is used as a first electrode piece of a hydrogen gas concentration sensor in an example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen gas concentration sensor in this embodiment.
  • the hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10 of this embodiment includes a linear first electrode piece 11, a linear second electrode piece 12, an electrolyte 14 in which the electrodes are arranged at a distance from each other, and a container 15 having an opening 15A formed at one end (container end) that contains the first electrode piece 11, the second electrode piece 12, and the electrolyte 14.
  • the end of the first electrode piece 11, i.e., the electrode end piece 11A, is exposed to the outside from the opening piece 15A.
  • a gap H is formed between the first electrode piece 11 and the opening piece 15A, which is the end of the container.
  • the exposed length of the first electrode end piece 11A is extremely short, and may be, for example, several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m, and a porous material that is permeable to hydrogen gas and the like may be disposed on the first electrode end piece 11A.
  • the tip of the container 15, i.e., the hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10, specifically the opening 15A, is inserted into the system to be measured, i.e., the hydrogen gas-containing medium, the hydrogen gas to be measured and other gases depending on the environment are diffused into the container 15. As a result, a three-phase interface of hydrogen gas/electrolyte/first electrode piece is formed inside the container 15.
  • the first electrode piece 11 functions as a detection electrode for hydrogen gas, and when it comes into contact with hydrogen gas, the chemical potential of (atomic) hydrogen changes significantly.
  • the second electrode piece 12 functions as a reference electrode for hydrogen gas, and when it comes into contact with hydrogen gas, its chemical potential changes very little, or if it does change, it is very small.
  • the first electrode piece 11 can be made of a first electrode material having a relatively high chemical potential, specifically including a first electrode material having a standard electromotive force value of 0.8 V or more when made of H 2 (-)
  • the above-mentioned materials include platinum, platinum alloys, and other materials that have a relatively high adsorption activity for hydrogen gas.
  • the first electrode piece 11 can be made of these materials themselves, but these materials can also be used by supporting them on a specified substrate. However, as long as it does not deviate from the scope of the present invention and functions as a detection electrode for hydrogen gas, it can be used in any form.
  • the first electrode piece 11 When the first electrode piece 11 is made of a platinum-based material, hydrogen molecules are dissociated, so the hydrogen gas adsorbed on the first electrode piece 11 is quickly released, making it suitable as a detection electrode for a fast-response hydrogen gas concentration sensor, such as a fuel cell control sensor or a hydrogen gas concentration sensor for hydrogen gas dissolved in medical fluids.
  • a fast-response hydrogen gas concentration sensor such as a fuel cell control sensor or a hydrogen gas concentration sensor for hydrogen gas dissolved in medical fluids.
  • the second electrode piece 12 can be made of a material with a relatively low chemical potential, specifically, a second electrode material in which the standard electromotive force value of a cell made of H 2 (-)
  • the above-mentioned materials include materials with relatively low adsorption activity for hydrogen gas, such as tungsten, tungsten alloys, nickel, nickel alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, copper, copper alloys, iron, iron alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, and organic conductive materials.
  • the second electrode piece 12 can be made of these materials themselves, but these materials can also be used by supporting them on a specified substrate. However, as long as it does not deviate from the scope of the present invention and functions as a reference electrode for hydrogen gas, it can be used in any manner.
  • the electrolyte 14 can be composed of an electrolyte that has excellent adhesion to the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22, such as phosphotungstic acid.
  • the electrolyte 14 can contain a structural reinforcing material such as glass wool in addition to an electrolyte material such as phosphotungsten. In this case, the strength of the electrolyte 14 can be increased, and the adhesion to the first electrode piece 11 and the second electrode piece 12 can be further increased.
  • the container 15 is preferably made of glass, resin, ceramics, etc. to ensure insulation between the first electrode piece 11 and the second electrode piece 12.
  • the container 15 is made of an electrically conductive material such as metal, it is preferable to insulate the first electrode piece 11 from the container 15 by coating it with resin or ceramic.
  • the hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10 of this embodiment includes a first electrode piece 11 and a second electrode piece 12, an electrolyte 14 between which the electrodes are spaced apart, and a container 15 for accommodating the first electrode piece 11, the second electrode piece 12, and the electrolyte 14.
  • the first electrode piece 11 includes a first electrode material having a standard electromotive force value of 0.8 V or more when the cell is composed of H 2 (-)
  • the second electrode piece 12 includes a second electrode material having a standard electromotive force value of less than 0.8 V when the cell has the same configuration.
  • the first electrode piece 11 penetrates the electrolyte 14, and an end of the first electrode piece 11 is exposed to the outside from the container 15.
  • Hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas-containing medium to be measured diffuses into the container 15, and a three-phase interface of hydrogen gas/electrolyte/first electrode piece is formed in the container 15.
  • the exposed length of the first electrode end 11A may be as short as possible, for example, on the order of microns, and a porous material that allows hydrogen gas and the like to permeate may be disposed on the first electrode end 11A.
  • the hydrogen gas concentration in the hydrogen gas-containing medium can be detected.
  • the opening 15A of the container 15 into the hydrogen gas-containing medium, the hydrogen gas in the medium, and other gases depending on the environment, diffuse into the container 15, and the concentration of the hydrogen gas can be measured.
  • the opening 15A is not sealed by the first electrode piece 11, but a gap H must be formed between the opening 15A and the first electrode piece 11 as described above.
  • the size of the gap H is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that, for example, when the opposite side 15B of the container 15 to the opening 15A, which is the container end, is opened to atmospheric pressure, and when the inside of the opposite side 15B of the container 15 is at atmospheric pressure and the hydrogen concentration is 85 vol%, the equilibrium hydrogen gas concentration of the hydrogen gas that diffuses through the gap H and leaks out of the container 15 from the opening 15A is 0.01 vol% or more and 10 vol% or less. This allows the amount of hydrogen gas present in the container 15 to be set within a range in which the hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10 of the present invention operates appropriately.
  • the void H as described above can be formed, for example, by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion between the material constituting the container 15 and the first electrode material constituting the first electrode piece 11. Other methods include making grooves on the side of the first electrode piece 11, or preparing multiple first electrode pieces 11 and twisting them together. It can also be formed by applying porous plating to the surface of the first electrode piece 11, or coating the surface of the first electrode piece 11 with porous ceramics/zeolite or ceramic fine particles. On the other hand, the void H can be formed from pores of a porous material that blocks the opening 15A of the container 15. Examples of such materials include polymer membranes, porous ceramics, and zeolites.
  • a linear temperature compensation third electrode 13 is provided to eliminate the influence of the environmental temperature.
  • This third electrode 13 is also provided so as to be separated from the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 with respect to the electrolyte 14.
  • the third electrode 13 is a temperature compensation electrode, and is provided to offset the environmental temperature of the hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10, i.e., the environmental temperature change of the first electrode 11, which is the detection electrode, so it is preferable to make the third electrode from the same material as the first electrode 11.
  • the third electrode can also function to detect the concentration of hydrogen gas diffused within the container 15B.
  • the first electrode 11, the second electrode 12, and the third electrode 13 are arranged to extend outward from the rear end opening of the container 15 on the side opposite the sealed portion of the container 15 in order to measure the electromotive force associated with the detection of hydrogen gas concentration.
  • the hydrogen concentration of the hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10 of this embodiment is detected by the electromotive force generated between the first electrode piece 11 and the second electrode piece 12, and this electromotive force is generated based on the following relational expression:
  • E is the EMF value
  • ⁇ I represents the electrostatic potential of the first electrode
  • ⁇ II represents the electrostatic potential of the second electrode.
  • the temperature compensation by the third electrode piece 13 is expressed as follows: ( ⁇ : adsorption energy, k: Boltzmann constant, T: temperature, n: hydrogen concentration), and this can be implemented by subtracting this E value from the above-mentioned EMF value.
  • n is 0.01 or more
  • the above-mentioned E value becomes extremely small, so there is no need to consider temperature compensation, and the third electrode piece 13 itself can be omitted.
  • a hydrogen gas concentration sensor 10 as shown in Figure 1 was prepared, and a simple hydrogen gas detection test was carried out.
  • the first electrode piece 11 was made of platinum wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm
  • the second electrode piece 12 was made of tungsten wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm.
  • the third electrode piece 13 was omitted.
  • the first electrode piece 11 and the second electrode piece 12 were then placed in an electrolyte 14 made of cesium tungsten phosphate with a gap of 0.2 mm between them.
  • the first electrode piece 11, the second electrode piece 12 and the electrolyte 14 were then placed in a glass tube 15 with a diameter of 6 mm and a length of 25 mm, and the first electrode piece 11 was exposed at a length of 3 mm from the opening 15A of the glass tube 15.
  • FIG 2 shows the detection voltage (V) when a platinum wire is used as the first electrode piece 11.
  • V the detection voltage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème décrit par la présente invention concerne un capteur de concentration d'hydrogène gazeux qui présente une nouvelle configuration et qui est en mesure de détecter la concentration d'hydrogène gazeux présent dans un gaz ou dans un liquide. La solution selon la présente invention consiste en une première pièce d'électrode, une seconde pièce d'électrode, un électrolyte dans lequel les pièces d'électrode sont disposées à l'écart l'une de l'autre, et un récipient qui héberge la première pièce d'électrode, la seconde pièce d'électrode et l'électrolyte. La première pièce d'électrode contient un premier matériau d'électrode présentant une valeur de force électromotrice standard de 0,8 V ou plus dans une cellule dont la configuration est H2(-) |50 mol/m3 H2SO4| un échantillon de substance (+) ; la seconde électrode contient un second matériau d'électrode présentant une valeur de force électromotrice standard inférieure à 0,8 V dans une cellule ayant la même configuration ; la première pièce d'électrode pénètre dans l'électrolyte et comporte une extrémité exposée à l'extérieur du récipient ; et un espace vide est formé entre la première pièce d'électrode et l'extrémité du récipient.
PCT/JP2023/038496 2022-10-27 2023-10-25 Capteur de concentration d'hydrogène gazeux WO2024090472A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022-172754 2022-10-27
JP2022172754A JP2024064282A (ja) 2022-10-27 2022-10-27 水素ガス濃度センサ

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005080957A1 (fr) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-01 Niigata Tlo Corporation Capteur de gaz hydrogène
JP2007047124A (ja) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Niigata Tlo:Kk 水素ガスセンサー
JP2012163506A (ja) * 2011-02-09 2012-08-30 Gunze Ltd 油中水素検知センサ
JP2017096659A (ja) * 2015-11-18 2017-06-01 三菱重工業株式会社 水素濃度計測装置
JP2018084478A (ja) * 2016-11-24 2018-05-31 東京窯業株式会社 ガス濃度検出方法及び固体電解質センサ
JP2022065582A (ja) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-27 株式会社新潟Tlo 燃料電池用水素ガス濃度センサ
WO2022259883A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 株式会社新潟Tlo Capteur de concentration de gaz hydrogène

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005080957A1 (fr) * 2004-02-19 2005-09-01 Niigata Tlo Corporation Capteur de gaz hydrogène
JP2007047124A (ja) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Niigata Tlo:Kk 水素ガスセンサー
JP2012163506A (ja) * 2011-02-09 2012-08-30 Gunze Ltd 油中水素検知センサ
JP2017096659A (ja) * 2015-11-18 2017-06-01 三菱重工業株式会社 水素濃度計測装置
JP2018084478A (ja) * 2016-11-24 2018-05-31 東京窯業株式会社 ガス濃度検出方法及び固体電解質センサ
JP2022065582A (ja) * 2020-10-15 2022-04-27 株式会社新潟Tlo 燃料電池用水素ガス濃度センサ
WO2022259883A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2022-12-15 株式会社新潟Tlo Capteur de concentration de gaz hydrogène

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