WO2024087043A1 - 全息天线及电子设备 - Google Patents

全息天线及电子设备 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024087043A1
WO2024087043A1 PCT/CN2022/127524 CN2022127524W WO2024087043A1 WO 2024087043 A1 WO2024087043 A1 WO 2024087043A1 CN 2022127524 W CN2022127524 W CN 2022127524W WO 2024087043 A1 WO2024087043 A1 WO 2024087043A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pattern
dielectric substrate
holographic antenna
isolation
antenna according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/127524
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方家
曲峰
徐健
许晨
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方技术开发有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方技术开发有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/127524 priority Critical patent/WO2024087043A1/zh
Publication of WO2024087043A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087043A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and particularly relates to a holographic antenna and electronic equipment.
  • Antennas are the terminal equipment of most wireless communication systems, and their working performance is crucial to the overall performance of the system. With the development of science and technology, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher. In addition to the high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas are often required to have low profiles, light weight, and easy conformal characteristics. Although reflector antennas, phased array antennas, and lens antennas can achieve high gain, they all have obvious disadvantages. For example, reflector antennas need to provide a spatial illumination source, which greatly increases the profile; the feeding network of phased array antennas is extremely complex, difficult to design, and high in cost; and the lens antenna itself has a high profile, and the profile is further increased after the illumination source is added. As a high-gain antenna, the holographic antenna can meet the requirements of low profile and light weight at the same time, so it is very suitable for the current application background and has great development potential.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a holographic antenna and an electronic device.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a holographic antenna, which includes a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a waveguide structure, a radiation layer and a plurality of switch units;
  • the first dielectric substrate is arranged on the waveguide port of the waveguide structure;
  • the radiation layer is arranged on a side of the first dielectric substrate away from the waveguide structure, and the radiation layer has a plurality of slit openings;
  • the second dielectric substrate is arranged on a side of the radiation layer away from the first dielectric substrate;
  • the plurality of switch units are arranged between the second dielectric substrate and the radiation layer, and are arranged one-to-one corresponding to the slit openings;
  • the holographic antenna also includes a plurality of isolation components arranged between the second dielectric substrate and the radiation layer; the orthographic projection of the isolation components on the first dielectric substrate is a first pattern, and the orthographic projection of the slit opening on the first dielectric substrate is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest to it.
  • the holographic antenna also includes a plurality of supporting components arranged between the second dielectric substrate and the radiation layer; the supporting components and the isolation components are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; and the isolation component is arranged on the side of the corresponding supporting component close to the second dielectric substrate.
  • the supporting component comprises a conductive material.
  • first pattern and the second pattern are arranged alternately.
  • the plurality of slit openings are arranged side by side along a first direction, and the isolation assembly comprises a plurality of sub-isolation members arranged side by side and at intervals along the first direction.
  • the slit opening extends along a second direction, and the length direction of each of the sub-isolators is along the second direction.
  • the holographic antenna also includes a plurality of support components arranged between the second dielectric substrate and the radiation layer, and the support components each include a first sub-support member and a second sub-support member, and the isolation component is arranged between the first sub-support member and the second sub-support member.
  • the slit opening extends along a second direction
  • the isolation assembly includes a plurality of sub-isolators arranged side by side and at intervals along the second direction.
  • the distance value of the second spacing is less than or equal to 0.2 wavelengths.
  • the slit opening extends along the second direction, and for any second pattern, there are first patterns on both sides thereof extending along the second direction.
  • the first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction are respectively a first isolation pattern and a second isolation pattern; the first isolation pattern has a first side opposite to the second pattern, and the closer the first side is to the midpoint of the first side, the greater the distance to the second pattern; and/or the second isolation pattern has a second side opposite to the second pattern, and the closer the second side is to the midpoint of the second side, the greater the distance to the second pattern.
  • two first patterns on both sides thereof extending along the second direction are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction as a symmetry axis.
  • the first pattern has a first side arranged opposite to the second pattern, and the first side is an arc line or a fold line.
  • two first patterns on both sides extending along the second direction are centrally symmetrical with each other, with the center of the second pattern being the rotation center.
  • the first pattern comprises a first portion and a second portion; the first portion extends in the second direction, and the second portion is connected to one end of the first portion and points to the second pattern.
  • the distance value of the first spacing is not less than 0.1 medium wavelength.
  • the switch unit includes a first electrode disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate close to the second dielectric substrate, a second electrode disposed on the second dielectric substrate, and a liquid crystal layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode;
  • the radiation layer is reused as the first electrode; the second electrodes of each of the switch units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the slit openings.
  • the switch unit further includes a control transistor; the drain of the control transistor is electrically connected to the second electrode, the source is electrically connected to the driving voltage line, and the gate is electrically connected to the control line.
  • the isolation component and the second electrode are arranged in the same layer.
  • the disclosed embodiment provides an electronic device comprising any of the above-mentioned holographic antennas.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a (first example) holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the holographic antenna shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of another (second example) holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the electric field distribution at the slot opening position of the holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of another (third example) holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a fourth exemplary holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of a holographic antenna according to a first situation of a fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG8 is a top view of the holographic antenna according to the second situation of the fifth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of a holographic antenna according to a third situation of the fifth example of an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • holographic antenna comes from the principle of optical holography.
  • the principle is that the interference surface is formed by the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and the target wave is inverted by irradiating the interference surface with the reference wave.
  • the emergence of metamaterials makes it possible to realize holographic antennas in the microwave band.
  • the holographic antenna system only includes a holographic surface and a feed source, and the structure is very simple; the feed source generally uses a horn antenna, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna, and does not require a complex feeding network.
  • the holographic surface is mainly composed of a dielectric substrate and a periodically distributed metal patch array, which is simple to process and low in cost; in the design process of the holographic surface, as long as the interference field expression formed by the interference of the target field and the reference field is calculated, and the distribution of the metal patches is designed with reference to the interference field expression, the desired holographic surface can be obtained, and the design process is very simple. If a different target wave is obtained, the target field expression can be re-substituted into the above process.
  • This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of holographic antennas.
  • the holographic antenna is easy to conform to the shape, and its performance will not be greatly affected when attached to curved surfaces such as spheres and cylinders. Therefore, it is very suitable for use in objects such as aircraft and missile seekers.
  • a frequency reconfigurable antenna can operate at several frequencies; a polarization reconfigurable antenna can achieve multiple polarization modes; a beam reconfigurable antenna can switch between multiple beam directions and has the function of a phased scanning array.
  • a holographic antenna uses a reconfigurable unit and has reconfigurability, a holographic surface can achieve multiple functions such as beam scanning, multi-beam synthesis, and polarization reconstruction, and has great application potential.
  • a switch unit corresponding to the slit opening is set on the side of the radiation layer of the holographic antenna with a slit opening away from the waveguide structure, and the beam can be reconstructed by controlling the switch state of the switch unit at each slit opening position.
  • holographic antenna since the basic principle of holographic antenna is to convert the simulated interference pattern into a discrete unit switch, in order to restore the simulated interference pattern as much as possible, it is necessary to arrange the antenna units as densely as possible, usually much less than 0.5 free wavelength. Such a dense arrangement causes very serious surface wave coupling between units, resulting in deterioration of the radiation pattern. In addition, surface waves will cause losses and deteriorate antenna efficiency.
  • FIG1 is a cross-sectional view of a holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG2 is a top view of the holographic antenna shown in FIG1; in combination with FIG1 and FIG2, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a holographic antenna, which includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 30, a waveguide structure 20, a radiation layer 11, a plurality of switch units 40, and a plurality of isolation components 50.
  • the first dielectric substrate 10 is disposed on the waveguide port of the waveguide structure 20, the radiation layer 11 is disposed on a side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the waveguide structure 20, the second dielectric substrate 30 is disposed on a side of the first radiation layer 11 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and has a certain interval with the radiation layer 11, and the plurality of switch units 40 and the plurality of isolation components 50 are disposed between the second dielectric substrate 30 and the radiation layer 11.
  • a plurality of slit openings 111 on the radiation layer 11 may be arranged side by side along the first direction X, and the switch units 40 and the slit openings 111 are arranged one by one.
  • the isolation component 50 may be arranged on the first dielectric substrate 10 or on the radiation layer 11.
  • the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a first pattern
  • the orthographic projection of the slit openings 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest thereto. That is, at least one isolation component 50 is arranged correspondingly at the position between the adjacent slit openings 111.
  • the holographic antenna can be divided into a plurality of antenna units, each of which includes a slit opening 111 of the radiation layer 11 and a switch unit 40 corresponding to the slit opening 111.
  • the microwave signal received by the holographic antenna is radiated through the slit opening 111 of the radiation layer 11 by the waveguide structure 20.
  • the direction of the wave radiated by each antenna unit is realized by controlling the switch state of each switch unit 40, thereby realizing the shaping of the beam radiated by the holographic antenna.
  • At least one isolation component 50 is correspondingly arranged at the position between the adjacent slit openings 111 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, that is, at least one isolation component 50 is correspondingly arranged at the position between the adjacent antenna units.
  • the isolation component 50 can effectively isolate the mutual coupling between the adjacent antenna units, which helps to improve the isolation between the adjacent antenna units.
  • the switch unit 40 in the embodiments of the present disclosure includes but is not limited to a liquid crystal switch, a PIN diode, a variable reactance diode Varactor, a MEMS switch, etc.
  • the switch unit 40 is a PIN diode or a variable reactance diode Varactor
  • the PIN diode or the variable reactance diode Varactor can be integrated with the slit opening 111 to achieve dual-value amplitude or continuous amplitude control capability.
  • the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is controlled to control the forward bias/reverse bias of the PIN diode.
  • the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is greater than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned on; when the slit opening 111 is required to be in the closed state, at this time, the input bias voltage to the PIN diode is less than its conduction threshold, and the PIN diode is turned off.
  • the second dielectric substrate 30 adopts a flexible substrate, on which a patch electrode is arranged, and the patch electrode and the slit opening 111 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence. At this time, by applying a voltage to the patch electrode 34, the distance between the patch electrode and the slit opening 111 is adjusted under the action of the electric field force, thereby realizing continuous control of the radiation amplitude of the radio frequency signal.
  • the switch unit 40 is taken as a liquid crystal switch as an example.
  • the liquid crystal switch includes a first electrode 401 disposed on a first dielectric substrate 10, a second electrode 402 disposed on a second dielectric substrate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 403 disposed between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402.
  • the radiation layer 11 can be reused as the first electrode 401 of the liquid crystal switch.
  • the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switch unit 40 is shared, that is, the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switch unit 40 is connected as an integral structure. The orthographic projection of the second electrode 402 in each switch unit 40 and the corresponding slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlaps.
  • the orthographic projection of the second electrode 402 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a fourth pattern, and the fourth pattern spans the width of a second pattern.
  • any switch unit 40 after applying a driving voltage to the second electrode 402, an electric field is formed between the first electrode 401 and the radiation layer 11, so that the liquid crystal molecules are deflected, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal molecules is changed, and the resonant frequency is changed, thereby adjusting the emission direction of the microwave signal.
  • each switch unit 40 includes not only the above structure, but also a control transistor, the drain of the control transistor is electrically connected to the second electrode 402, the source of the control transistor is electrically connected to the drive voltage line, and the gate of the control transistor is connected to the control signal line. At this time, the voltage loaded on the second electrode 402 can be controlled by controlling the conduction state of the control transistor. Furthermore, the gate of the control transistor of each switch unit 40 is electrically connected to a control signal line, and at this time, only the control voltage written by the drive voltage line of each control transistor needs to be controlled to control the switch state of each switch unit 40.
  • This connection method has simple wiring and is easy to implement.
  • the reduction in the number of control lines contributes to the setting of the isolation component 50, providing more sufficient setting space for the isolation component 50.
  • the isolation component 50 when the isolation component 50 is disposed on the second dielectric substrate 30, the second dielectric substrate 30 can be disposed in the same layer as the second electrode 402 of each switch unit 40 and made of the same material. In other words, the isolation component 50 can be prepared in one process with the second electrode 402, which does not increase the process cost and the overall thickness of the holographic antenna.
  • the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a first pattern
  • the orthographic projection of the slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern, wherein the first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest to it is a quarter of the dielectric wavelength, and this is set to ensure that the microwave signal radiated by the slit opening 111 will not be affected by the isolation component 50 and cannot be emitted. Since the first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest to it is a quarter of the dielectric wavelength, it is necessary to select a glass substrate with a dielectric constant as high as possible as the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 30.
  • a glass substrate with a dielectric constant of 4 to 16 is selected, and the high dielectric constant of the glass substrate is conducive to the antenna maintaining narrowband characteristics, which will increase the switching ratio of the antenna and is more conducive to the switch control of the switch unit 40 in the antenna unit under different beams.
  • the spacing between antenna units cannot satisfy the first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest to it is one quarter of the dielectric wavelength, then the first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest to it should be no less than 0.1 dielectric wavelength to ensure the radiation performance of the antenna.
  • the slit opening 111 in the radiation layer 11 can be any rectangular opening, elliptical opening, L-shaped opening, T-shaped opening, etc.
  • the slit opening 111 is a rectangular opening as an example, in which the length direction of the rectangular opening is the second direction Y, and the width direction is the first direction X.
  • isolation components 50 are provided not only between adjacent slit openings 111, but also at positions corresponding to a side of a first slit opening 111 away from a second slit opening 111 among the multiple slit openings 111, and at positions corresponding to a side of a last slit opening 111 away from the penultimate slit opening 111. In this case, microwave signal loss at both ends of the radiation layer 11 can be effectively avoided.
  • FIG3 is a top view of another holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG3 , the isolation component 50 may be composed of a plurality of sub-isolators 501 arranged side by side along a first direction X.
  • FIG5 is a top view of another holographic antenna according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG5 , the isolation component 50 may also be composed of a plurality of sub-isolators 501 arranged at intervals along a second direction Y.
  • the isolation component 50 When the isolation component 50 is composed of a plurality of sub-isolators 501 arranged side by side along the first direction X, the length direction of the plurality of sub-isolators 501 can be the same as the length direction of the slit opening 111, that is, the sub-isolators 501 extend along the second direction Y.
  • the reason for such a setting is that the electric field distribution on both sides of the length direction of the slit opening 111 as shown in FIG. 4 is caused.
  • This setting method can well isolate the adjacent antenna units and reduce the mutual coupling effect.
  • the isolation component 50 when the isolation component 50 is composed of a plurality of sub-isolators 501 arranged side by side along the first direction X, the mutual coupling can be better reduced.
  • the isolation component is taken as an example including two sub-isolators 501.
  • the isolation component 50 When the isolation component 50 is composed of a plurality of sub-isolators 501 arranged side by side along the second direction Y, the sub-isolators 501 may be metal columns. There is a second spacing S between adjacent sub-isolators 501, where S is less than or equal to 0.2 wavelengths. In this case, the isolation component 50 composed of the plurality of sub-isolators 501 is equivalent to a metal strip, and electromagnetic wave isolation can be achieved.
  • the isolation component 50 can be in a straight line shape, in which case the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a rectangle.
  • the isolation component 50 can be in an irregular shape, in which case the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 has a first edge close to the second pattern, and the first edge can be an arc or a broken line.
  • the first dielectric substrate 10 and the second dielectric substrate 30 may be glass-based, or may be PCB, PET, or a polymer low-loss dielectric material.
  • the radiation layer 11 and the isolation component 50 are made of metal materials, including but not limited to copper.
  • the holographic antenna includes a first dielectric substrate 10, a second dielectric substrate 30, a waveguide structure 20, a radiation layer 11, a plurality of switch units 40, a plurality of isolation components 50 and a plurality of support components 60.
  • the first dielectric substrate 10 is arranged on the waveguide port of the waveguide structure 20, the radiation layer 11 is arranged on the side of the first dielectric substrate 10 away from the waveguide structure 20, the second dielectric substrate 30 is arranged on the side of the first radiation layer 11 away from the first dielectric substrate 10, and there is a certain interval between the second dielectric substrate 30 and the radiation layer 11, and the plurality of switch units 40, the plurality of isolation components 50 and the plurality of support components 60 are arranged between the second dielectric substrate 30 and the radiation layer 11.
  • the plurality of slit openings 111 on the radiation layer 11 can be arranged side by side along the first direction X, and the switch unit 40 is arranged one-to-one with the slit openings 111.
  • the switch unit 40 is a liquid crystal switch, which includes a first electrode 401 arranged on the first dielectric substrate 10, a second electrode 402 arranged on the second dielectric substrate 30, and a liquid crystal layer 403 arranged between the first electrode 401 and the second electrode 402.
  • the radiation layer 11 can be reused as the first electrode 401 of the liquid crystal switch.
  • the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switch unit 40 is shared, that is, the liquid crystal layer 403 of each switch unit 40 is connected as an integral structure.
  • the orthographic projection of the second electrode 402 in each switch unit 40 and the corresponding slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 overlaps.
  • the isolation component 50 is arranged on the second dielectric substrate 30, arranged in the same layer as the second electrode 402, and arranged one-to-one with the support component 60.
  • the support component 60 is located on the side of the corresponding isolation component 50 away from the second dielectric substrate 30 and abuts against the radiation layer 11.
  • the orthographic projection of the isolation component 50 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a first pattern
  • the orthographic projection of the slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a second pattern; there is at least one first pattern between two adjacent second patterns, and there is a first spacing between the second pattern and the first pattern closest to it.
  • at least one isolation component 50 is correspondingly arranged at a position between adjacent slit openings 111.
  • the area of the orthographic projection of the support component 60 on the second dielectric substrate 30 is smaller than the area of the orthographic projection of the corresponding isolation component 50 on the second dielectric substrate 30.
  • the isolation components 50 are not only arranged at positions corresponding to the adjacent slit openings 111, but also at positions corresponding to the side of the first slit opening 111 away from the second slit opening 111 among the multiple slit openings 111, and at positions corresponding to the side of the last slit opening 111 away from the second-to-last slit opening 111. That is, in this example, the isolation components 50 and the orthographic projection first pattern and the second pattern of the slit openings 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10 are alternately arranged.
  • the support component 60 may be made of conductive glue.
  • the isolation component 50 is disposed on a side of the support component 60 close to the second dielectric substrate 30 , which can greatly reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna units.
  • each isolation component 50 includes two sub-isolators 501, which are arranged on the side of the second dielectric substrate 30 close to the radiation layer 11, namely, a first sub-isolator 501a and a second sub-isolator 501b.
  • a support component 60 can be arranged on the side of the first sub-isolator 501a and the second sub-isolator 501b away from the second dielectric substrate 30.
  • first and second sub-isolating components 50 and 50 may also abut against the radiation layer 11. In this case, it is not necessary to provide the support component 60.
  • the support component 60 may also be provided between the first and second sub-isolating components 501a and 501b of the isolation component 50.
  • each isolation component 50 includes a plurality of sub-isolators 501 arranged side by side along the second direction Y, which are arranged on the side of the second dielectric substrate 30 close to the radiation layer 11.
  • the sub-isolators 501 can be metal columns.
  • the isolation component 50 composed of multiple sub-isolators 501 is equivalent to a metal strip, which can achieve isolation of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of a holographic antenna of the fourth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG. 6 , the structure of the holographic antenna in this example is substantially the same as that of the first example, and the only difference is the structure of the support component 60 and the setting position of the isolation component 50.
  • the orthographic projection of the support component 60 on the first dielectric substrate 10 is a third pattern, and the third pattern is alternately arranged with the orthographic projection second pattern of the slit opening 111 on the first dielectric substrate 10.
  • any support component 60 may include a first sub-support 601 and a second sub-support 602 arranged side by side along the first direction X, and an isolation component 50 is arranged between the first sub-support 601 and the second sub-support 602, and the isolation component 50 may be arranged on the second dielectric substrate 30, and arranged in the same layer as the second electrode 402 on the second substrate and using the same material.
  • the first sub-support 601 and the second sub-support 602 do not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second electrode 402 on the first dielectric substrate 10 .
  • the fifth example differs from the first example in the number and specific shape of the isolation components 50. In this example, both sides of any slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y are provided with isolation components 50.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the holographic antenna of the first case of the fifth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG. 7, for any slit opening 111, its orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10 is the second pattern, and the orthographic projections of the isolation components 50 arranged at the corresponding positions on both sides of the slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y on the first dielectric substrate 10 are all the first patterns.
  • the two first patterns are respectively referred to as the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern.
  • the first isolation pattern on both sides thereof has a first side opposite to the second pattern
  • the second isolation pattern has a second side opposite to the second pattern; the closer the first side is to the midpoint, the greater the distance from the second pattern; the closer the second side is to the midpoint, the greater the distance from the second pattern.
  • the reason for such arrangement is that, as shown in FIG. 4, the electric field distribution on both sides of the length direction of the slit opening 111 results in a relatively strong electric field strength in the middle position and a relatively weak electric field strength on both sides.
  • the above-mentioned arrangement can well isolate the adjacent antenna units and reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna units.
  • the first side of the first isolation pattern and the second side of the second isolation pattern are both arcs.
  • the isolation component 50 has a first side close to the second pattern, and the first side is an arc.
  • the isolation component can be crescent-shaped.
  • two first patterns on both sides thereof extending along the second direction Y are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction Y as a symmetry axis.
  • FIG8 is a top view of the holographic antenna of the second case of the fifth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG8, for any slit opening 111, its orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10 is the second pattern, and the orthographic projections of the isolation components 50 arranged at the corresponding positions on both sides of the slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y on the first dielectric substrate 10 are all the first patterns.
  • these two first patterns are respectively referred to as the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern.
  • the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern can both have a first part and a second part; the first part extends in the second direction Y, and the second part is connected to one end of the first part and points to the second pattern.
  • the first part and the second part are connected to form a right-angle structure.
  • the two first patterns on both sides thereof extending along the second direction Y are centrally symmetrical with respect to each other, with the center of the second pattern being the rotation center.
  • FIG9 is a top view of the holographic antenna of the third case of the fifth example of the embodiment of the present disclosure; as shown in FIG9, for any slit opening 111, its orthographic projection on the first dielectric substrate 10 is the second pattern, and the orthographic projections of the isolation components 50 arranged at the corresponding positions on both sides of the slit opening 111 extending along the second direction Y on the first dielectric substrate 10 are all the first patterns.
  • the two first patterns are respectively referred to as the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern.
  • the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern both have a first side close to the second pattern, and the first side is a broken line.
  • the first isolation pattern and the second isolation pattern can both have a first part, a second part and a third part; the first part extends with the second direction Y, and the second part and the third part are respectively connected to the two ends of the first part and point to the second pattern.
  • the first part and the second part are connected to form a right-angle structure, and the first part and the third part are connected to form a right-angle structure.
  • the two first patterns on both sides thereof extending along the second direction Y are symmetrically arranged with a straight line passing through the center of the second pattern and extending along the second direction Y as the symmetry axis.
  • the feeding structure includes a coaxial probe, which includes but is not limited to SMA.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an electronic device, which includes the above-mentioned holographic antenna.
  • the antenna also includes a transceiver unit, a radio frequency transceiver, a signal amplifier, a power amplifier, and a filtering unit.
  • the antenna can be used as a transmitting antenna or as a receiving antenna.
  • the transceiver unit may include a baseband and a receiving end, and the baseband provides a signal of at least one frequency band, for example, 2G signals, 3G signals, 4G signals, 5G signals, etc., and sends a signal of at least one frequency band to the radio frequency transceiver.
  • the transparent antenna in the communication system After the transparent antenna in the communication system receives the signal, it can be processed by the filtering unit, the power amplifier, the signal amplifier, and the radio frequency transceiver (not shown) and then transmitted to the receiving end in the transceiver unit.
  • the receiving end may be, for example, a smart gateway.
  • the RF transceiver is connected to the transceiver unit, and is used to modulate the signal sent by the transceiver unit, or to demodulate the signal received by the transparent antenna and transmit it to the transceiver unit.
  • the RF transceiver may include a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a modulation circuit, and a demodulation circuit. After the transmitting circuit receives various types of signals provided by the substrate, the modulation circuit can modulate various types of signals provided by the baseband and then send them to the antenna.
  • the transparent antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the receiving circuit of the RF transceiver.
  • the receiving circuit transmits the signal to the demodulation circuit, and the demodulation circuit demodulates the signal and transmits it to the receiving end.
  • the RF transceiver is connected to a signal amplifier and a power amplifier, and the signal amplifier and the power amplifier are connected to a filter unit, and the filter unit is connected to at least one antenna.
  • the signal amplifier is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filter unit;
  • the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the signal output by the RF transceiver and then transmit it to the filter unit;
  • the filter unit may specifically include a duplexer and a filter circuit, and the filter unit combines the signals output by the signal amplifier and the power amplifier and filters out the clutter before transmitting them to the transparent antenna, and the antenna radiates the signal.
  • the antenna receives the signal and transmits it to the filter unit, and the filter unit filters out the clutter from the signal received by the antenna and then transmits it to the signal amplifier and the power amplifier, and the signal amplifier amplifies the signal received by the antenna to increase the signal-to-noise ratio; the power amplifier amplifies the power of the signal received by the antenna.
  • the signal received by the antenna is processed by the power amplifier and the signal amplifier and then transmitted to the RF transceiver, and the RF transceiver then transmits it to the transceiver unit.
  • the signal amplifier may include multiple types of signal amplifiers, such as a low noise amplifier, which is not limited herein.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure also includes a power management unit, which is connected to a power amplifier to provide the power amplifier with a voltage for amplifying a signal.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供一种全息天线及电子设备，属于通信技术领域。本公开的全息天线，其包括第一介质基板、第二介质基板、波导结构、辐射层、多个开关单元和多个隔离组件；所述第一介质基板设置在所述波导结构的波导口上；所述辐射层设置在所述第一介质基板背离所述波导结构的一侧，且所述辐射层具有多个狭缝开口；所述第二介质基板设置在所述辐射层背离所述第一介质基板的一侧；多个开关单元和隔离组件设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间；所述隔离组件在所述第一介质基板上的正投影为第一图案，所述狭缝开口在所述第一介质基板上的正投影为第二图案；相邻的两个所述第二图案之间至少有一个第一图案，第二图案和与之最近的第一图案之间具有第一间距。

Description

全息天线及电子设备 技术领域
本公开属于通信技术领域，具体涉及一种全息天线及电子设备。
背景技术
天线作为大多数无线通信系统的终端设备，其工作性能对于系统的整体性能而言至关重要。随着科技的发展，对天线性能的要求越来越高。除了传统的增益、极化等传统指标有高要求以外，很多时候还要求天线具有低剖面、重量轻、易于共形等特性。而反射面天线、相控阵天线以及透镜天线等，虽然能实现高增益，但都各自具有较为明显的劣势，如反射面天线需要提供空间照射源，极大的增加了剖面；相控阵天线的馈电网络极复杂，设计困难，成本高；而透镜天线本身剖面就较高，加上照射源之后更进一步加大了剖面。全息天线作为一种高增益天线，能同时满足低剖面、轻重量等要求，因而很适应当下的应用背景，发展潜力十足。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种全息天线及电子设备。
第一方面，本公开实施例提供一种全息天线，其包括第一介质基板、第二介质基板、波导结构、辐射层和多个开关单元；所述第一介质基板设置在所述波导结构的波导口上；所述辐射层设置在所述第一介质基板背离所述波导结构的一侧，且所述辐射层具有多个狭缝开口；所述第二介质基板设置在所述辐射层背离所述第一介质基板的一侧；所述多个开关单元设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间，且与所述狭缝开口一一对应设置；其中，
所述全息天线还包括设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间的多个隔离组件；所述隔离组件在所述第一介质基板上的正投影为第一图案，所述狭缝开口在所述第一介质基板上的正投影为第二图案；相邻的两个所述第二图案之间至少有一个第一图案，且所述第二图案和与之最近的所述第一图案之间具有第一间距。
其中，所述全息天线还包括设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间的多个支撑组件；所述支撑组件和所述隔离组件一一对应设置；且所述隔离组件设置在与之对应的所述支撑组件靠近所述第二介质基板的一侧。
其中，所述支撑组件包括导电材料。
其中，所述第一图案和所述第二图案交替设置。
其中，所述多个狭缝开口沿第一方向并排设置，所述隔离组件包括沿第一方向并排且间隔设置的多个子隔离件。
其中，所述狭缝开口沿第二方向延伸，各所述子隔离件的长度方向均为所述第二方向。
其中，所述全息天线还包括设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间的多个支撑组件，所述支撑组件均包括第一子支撑件和第二子支撑件，且所述第一子支撑件和所述第二子支撑件之间均设置有所述隔离组件。
其中，所述狭缝开口沿第二方向延伸，所述隔离组件包括沿所述第二方向并排且间隔设置的多个子隔离件。
其中，所述隔离组件中相邻设置的所述子隔离件之间具有第二间距；所述第二间距的距离值小于或者等于0.2波长。
其中，所述狭缝开口沿第二方向延伸，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿所述第二方向延伸的两侧均有第一图案。
其中，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向延伸的两侧的第一图案分别为第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案；所述第一隔离图案具有与所述第二图案相对的第一边，所述第一边越靠近其中点的位置到所述第二图案之间的距离越大；和/或，所述第二隔离图案具有与所述第二图案相对的第二边，所述第二边越靠近其中点的位置到所述第二图案之间的距离越大。
其中，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向延伸的两侧的两个所述第一图案，以贯穿所述第二图案中心且沿所述第二方向延伸的直线为对称轴，二者呈对称设置。
其中，所述第一图案具有与所述第二图案相对设置的第一边，所述第一边为弧线或者折线。
其中，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向延伸的两侧的两个所述第一图案，以所述第二图案的中心为旋转中心，二者互为中心对称图形。
其中，所述第一图案具有第一部分和第二部分；所述第一部分与所述第二方向延伸，所述第二部分与所述第一部分的一端连接，且指向所述第二图案。
其中，所述第一间距的距离值不小于0.1个介质波长。
其中，所述开关单元包括设置在第一介质基板靠近所述第二介质基板一侧第一电极，设置在所述第二介质基板上的第二电极，以及位于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间的液晶层；
所述辐射层复用为所述第一电极；各所述开关单元的所述第二电极与所述狭缝开口一一对应设置。
其中，所述开关单元还包括控制晶体管；所述控制晶体管的漏极与所述第二电极电连接，源极与驱动电压线电连接，栅极与控制线电连接。
其中，所述隔离组件与所述第二电极同层设置。
第二方面，本公开实施例海通一种电子设备，其包括上述任一所述的全息天线。
附图说明
图1为本公开实施例的一种(第一个示例)全息天线的截面图。
图2为图1所示的全息天线的俯视图。
图3为本公开实施例的另一种(第二个示例)的全息天线的俯视图。
图4为本公开实施例的全息天线的狭缝开口位置的电场分布图。
图5为本公开实施例的另一种(第三个示例)的全息天线的俯视图。
图6为本公开实施例的第四个示例的全息天线的俯视图。
图7为本公开实施例的第五个示例的第一种情况的全息天线的俯视图。
图8为本公开实施例的第五个示例的第二种情况的全息天线的俯视图。
图9为本公开实施例的第五个示例的第三种情况的全息天线的俯视图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。同样，“一个”、“一”或者“该”等类似词语也不表示数量限制，而是表示存在至少一个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
全息天线的概念来源于光学全息原理，其原理为由目标波和参考波干涉形成干涉表面，再由参考波照射干涉表面反演得到目标波。由于超材料的出现，使得在微波波段实现全息天线成为可能。全息天线系统仅包括全息表面和馈源，结构十分简单；馈源一般采用喇叭天线、单极子天线或者缝隙天线，不需要复杂的馈电网络。但为了降低剖面，常常采用单极子天线或者缝隙天线作为馈源；全息表面主要由介质基板和周期分布的金属贴片阵列组成，加工简单，成本低廉；在全息表面的设计过程中，只要计算出目标场和参考场干涉后形成的干涉场表达式，并参照干涉场表达式设计出金属贴片的分布即可得到所要的全息表面，设计过程非常简单。若得到不同的目标波，只需将目标场表达式重新代入到上述过程即可。这种设计上的简易性和灵活性也是全息天线的另一大优势。除此之外，全息天线还具有易于共形的特点，附着在球面、柱面等曲面上也不会较大影响其性能，因而十分适合应用于飞行器、 导弹导引头等物体上。
可重构性作为近代天线的一个新要求，可大大提高天线的复用性，减少天线系统的成本和复杂度。比如一个频率可重构天线便可工作在数个频点；一个极化可重构天线即可实现多种极化方式；一个波束可重构天线可在多个波束指向间切换，具有相控扫描阵的功能。全息天线若采用了可重构单元，拥有了可重构性，则一个全息表面就可以实现波束扫描、多波束综合、极化重构等多种功能，应用潜力巨大。在一些示例中，在全息天线的具有狭缝开口的辐射层背离波导结构的一侧设置与狭缝开口对应的开关单元，通过控制各狭缝开口位置的开关单元的开关状态，可以实现波束的重构。
但由于全息天线的基本原理是将模拟的干涉图案等效为离散化的单元开关，因此为了尽可能的还原模拟的干涉图案，就需要将天线单元尽可能密的排布，通常远小于0.5自由波长。如此紧密的排布造成单元间的表面波耦合非常的严重，造成方向图的恶化。而且表面波会造成损耗，恶化天线效率。
针对上述问题，本公开实施例提供如下技术方案。
第一方面，图1为本公开实施例的一种全息天线的截面图；图2为图1所示的全息天线的俯视图；结合图1和2所示，本公开实施例提供一种全息天线，其包括第一介质基板10、第二介质基板30、波导结构20、辐射层11、多个开关单元40和多个隔离组件50。其中，第一介质基板10设置在波导结构20的波导口上，辐射层11设置在第一介质基板10背离波导结构20的一侧，第二介质基板30设置在第一辐射层11背离第一介质基板10的一侧，且与辐射层11之间具有一定间隔，多个开关单元40和多个隔离组件50设置在第二介质基板30和辐射层11之间。
在本公开实施例中，辐射层11上的多个狭缝开口111可以沿第一方向X并排设置，开关单元40与狭缝开口111一一对应设置。隔离组件50可以设置在第一介质基板10上，也可以设置在辐射层11上。隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第一图案，狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第二图案；相邻的两个第二图案之间有至少一个第一图案，且第 二图案和与之最近的第一图案之间具有第一间距。也就是说，相邻设置的狭缝开口111之间的位置对应设置有至少一个隔离组件50。
在本公开实施例中，全息天线可以划分为多个天线单元，每个天线单元包括辐射层11的一个狭缝开口111和与该狭缝开口111对应的开关单元40。通过波导结构20将其所接收到的微波信号通过辐射层11的狭缝开口111进行辐射，此时通过控制各开关单元40的开关状态实现各个天线单元辐射出的波的方向，从而实现全息天线辐射出的波束的赋型。特别的是，在本公开实施例的相邻设置的狭缝开口111之间的位置对应设置有至少一个隔离组件50，也即相邻设置的天线单元之间的位置对应设置至少一个隔离组件50，通过隔离组件50可以有效的隔离相邻天线单元之间的互耦作用，有助于提高相邻天线单元之间的隔离度。
在一些示例中，本公开实施例中的开关单元40包括但不限于液晶开关、PIN二极管、可变电抗二极管Varactor、MEMS开关等。
当开关单元40为PIN二极管或者可变电抗二极管Varactor时，可以将PIN二极管或者可变电抗二极管Varactor与狭缝开口111集成，从而实现双值幅度或者连续幅度调控能力。例如：以开关单元40采用PIN二极管为例，控制给PIN二极管输入偏置电压，从而控制PIN二极管的正偏/反偏。当需要狭缝开口111处于开态时，此时，给PIN二极管输入偏置电压大于其导通阈值，PIN二极管导通；当需要狭缝开口111处于关态时，此时，给PIN二极管输入偏置电压小于其导通阈值，PIN二极管关断。
当开关单元40为MEMS开关时第二介质基板30采用采用柔性基板，在柔性基板上设置有贴片电极，且贴片电极与狭缝开口111一一对应设置，此时通过给贴片电极34施加电压，在电场力的作用下调节贴片电极与狭缝开口111之间的距离，从而实现连续调控射频信号的辐射幅度。
在本公开实施例中仅以开关单元40为液晶开关为例。参照图1，液晶开关包括设置在第一介质基板10上的第一电极401，设置在第二介质基板30上的第二电极402，以及设置在第一电极401和第二电极402之间的液晶 层403。在一个示例中，辐射层11可以复用为液晶开关的第一电极401。在一个示例中，各个开关单元40的液晶层403共用，也即各个开关单元40的液晶层403连接为一体结构。每个开关单元40中的第二电极402和与之对应的狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影存在交叠。例如：第二电极402在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第四图案，第四图案横跨一个第二图案的宽。对于任一开关单元40，在给第二电极402施加驱动电压后，第一电极401和辐射层11之间形成电场，使得液晶分子偏转，改变液晶分子的介电常数，使得谐振频率发生改变，从而调整微波信号的出射方向。
进一步的，每个开关单元40中不仅包括上述结构，而且还包括控制晶体管，控制晶体管的漏极电连接第二电极402，控制晶体管源极电连接驱动电压线，控制晶体管的栅极连接控制信号线。此时，可以通过控制控制晶体管的导通状态，来控制第二电极402上所加载的电压。更进一步的，各个开关单元40的控制晶体管的栅极电连接一条控制信号线，此时仅需要控制各控制晶体管的驱动电压线写入的控制电压即可控制各个开关单元40的开关状态。该种连接方式布线简单，易于实现。另外，控制线数量的减少有助于隔离组件50的设置，为隔离组件50提供更充足的设置空间。
进一步的，当隔离组件50设置在第二介质基板30上时，第二介质基板30可以与各开关单元40的第二电极402同层设置，且采用相同材料。也就是说，隔离组件50可以与第二电极402在一次工艺中制备，不会增加工艺成本，也不会增加全息天线的整体厚度。
在一些示例中，隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第一图案，狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第二图案，其中，第二图案与之最近的第一图案之间的第一间距为四分之一介质波长，之所以如此设置是为了保证狭缝开口111辐射出的微波信号不会受到隔离组件50的影响而无法出射。由于第二图案与之最近的第一图案之间的第一间距为四分之一介质波长，此时则需要选用介电常数尽可能高的玻璃基作为第一介质基板10和第二介质基板30，优选的选取介电常数为4～16的玻璃基，且玻璃基高的介电常数有利于天线保持窄带特性，会使得天线的开关比增大，更利于不同 波束下天线单元中的开关单元40的开关控制。
当然，若天线单元之间的间距无法满足第二图案与之最近的第一图案之间的第一间距为四分之一介质波长，此时，第二图案与之最近的第一图案之间的第一间距应不小于0.1个介质波长，以保证天线的辐射性能。
在一些示例中，辐射层11中的狭缝开口111可以为矩形开口、椭圆形开口、L型开口、T型开口等任意。在公开实施例中，以狭缝开口111为矩形开口为例，此时矩形开口的长度方向为第二方向Y，宽度方向为第一方向X。
在一些示例中，参照图2，不仅在相邻设置的狭缝开口111之间对应设置有隔离组件50，在多个狭缝开口111中的第一个狭缝开口111远离第二个狭缝开口111的一侧所对应的位置，以及在最后一个狭缝开口111远离倒数第二个狭缝开口111的一侧所对应的位置均设置有隔离组件50，在该种情况下，可以有效的避免辐射层11两端的微波信号损失。
在一些示例中，图3为本公开实施例的另一种的全息天线的俯视图；如图3所示，隔离组件50可以由沿第一方向X并排设置的多个子隔离件501组成。图5为本公开实施例的另一种的全息天线的俯视图；如图5所示，隔离组件50可以也可以由沿第二方向Y间隔设置的多个子隔离件501组成。
当隔离组件50由沿第一方向X并排设置的多个子隔离件501组成时，多个子隔离件501的长度方向可以与狭缝开口111的长度方向相同，也即子隔离件501沿第二方向Y延伸。之所有如此设置，是因为如图4所示的狭缝开口111长度方向两侧的电场分布导致，该种设置方式可以很好的隔离相邻设置的天线单元，降低互耦作用。而且当隔离组件50由沿第一方向X并排设置的多个子隔离件501组成时可以更好的降低互耦。在本公开实施例中以隔离组价包括两个子隔离件501为例。
当隔离组件50由多个沿第二方向Y并排设置的子隔离件501组成时，子隔离件501可以采用金属柱。相邻设置的子隔离件501之间的具有第二间距S，S≤0.2波长，在该种情况下，多个子隔离件501构成的隔离组件50 等效于金属条，可以实现电磁波的隔离。
在一些示例中，隔离组件50可以采用直线型，此时隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影则为矩形，当然隔离组件50可以为异形，此时隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影第一图案例如具有靠近第二图案的第一边，第一边可以为弧形，也可以折线。
在一些示例中，第一介质基板10和第二介质基板30可以为玻璃基，也可以为PCB、PET以及聚合物低损耗介质材料。
在一些示例中，辐射层11和隔离组件50的材料为金属材料，该金属材料包括但不限于铜。
为了更清楚本公开实施例的全息天线及其中的隔离组件50的具体结构和位置，以下结合具体示例进行说明。
第一个示例：结合图1和2所示，该全息天线包括第一介质基板10、第二介质基板30、波导结构20、辐射层11、多个开关单元40、多个隔离组件50和多个支撑组件60。其中，第一介质基板10设置在波导结构20的波导口上，辐射层11设置在第一介质基板10背离波导结构20的一侧，第二介质基板30设置在第一辐射层11背离第一介质基板10的一侧，且与辐射层11之间具有一定间隔，多个开关单元40、多个隔离组件50和多个支撑组件60设置在第二介质基板30和辐射层11之间。
在该示例中，辐射层11上的多个狭缝开口111可以沿第一方向X并排设置，开关单元40与狭缝开口111一一对应设置。开关单元40为液晶开关，其包括设置在第一介质基板10上的第一电极401，设置在第二介质基板30上的第二电极402，以及设置在第一电极401和第二电极402之间的液晶层403。在一个示例中，辐射层11可以复用为液晶开关的第一电极401。在一个示例中，各个开关单元40的液晶层403共用，也即各个开关单元40的液晶层403连接为一体结构。每个开关单元40中的第二电极402和与之对应的狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影存在交叠。隔离组件50设置在第二介质基板30上，与第二电极402同层设置，且与支撑组件60一一对 应设置。支撑组件60位于与之对应的隔离组件50背离第二介质基板30的一侧并与辐射层11相抵顶。隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第一图案，狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第二图案；相邻的两个第二图案之间有至少一个第一图案，且第二图案和与之最近的第一图案之间具有第一间距。也就是说，相邻设置的狭缝开口111之间的位置对应设置有至少一个隔离组件50。
需要说明的是，当支撑组件60设置在与之对应的隔离组件50背离第二介质基板30的一侧时，支撑组件60在第二介质基板30上正投影的面积小于与之对应的隔离组件50在第二介质基板30上的正投影的面积。此时，有助于在隔离组件50上形成支撑组件60，且可以保证隔离组件50和支撑组件60稳定接触，以维持第一介质基板10和第二介质基板30之间的盒厚。
在该示例中，不仅在相邻设置的狭缝开口111所对应的位置设置有隔离组件50，而且在多个狭缝开口111中的第一个狭缝开口111远离第二个狭缝开口111的一侧所对应的位置，以及在最后一个狭缝开口111远离倒数第二个狭缝开口111的一侧所对应的位置均设置有隔离组件50。也就是说，在该示例中，隔离组件50和狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影第一图案和第二图案是交替设置的。
在一些示例中，支撑组件60可以采用具有导电特性的胶，此时隔离组件50设置在支撑组件60靠近第二介质基板30的一侧，可以大大的减少相邻天线单元之间的互耦。
第二个示例：结合图3所示，该示例中的全息天线与第一种示例的结构大致相同，区别仅在于隔离组件50的具体结构。在该种示例中，每个隔离组件50包括设置在第二介质基板30靠近辐射层11的一侧的两个子隔离件501，分别为第一子隔离件501a和第二子隔离件501b。在第一子隔离件501a和第二子隔离件501b背离第二介质基板30的一侧均可以设置支撑组件60。
当然，第一子隔离组件50和第子隔离组件50也可以与辐射层11相抵顶。在该种情况下可以无需设置支撑组件60。当然，也可以在隔离组件50 的第一子隔离件501a和第二子隔离件501b之间设置支撑组件60。
第三个示例：结合图5所示，该示例中的全息天线与第一种示例的结构大致相同，区别仅在于隔离组件50的具体结构。在该种示例中，每个隔离组件50包括设置在第二介质基板30靠近辐射层11的一侧的、多个沿第二方向Y并排设置的子隔离件501组成多个子隔离件501。例如：子隔离件501可以采用金属柱。相邻设置的子隔离件501之间的具有第二间距S，S≤0.2波长，在该种情况下，多个子隔离件501构成的隔离组件50等效于金属条，可以实现电磁波的隔离。
第四个示例：图6为本公开实施例的第四个示例的全息天线的俯视图；如图6所示，该示例中的全息天线与第一种示例的结构大致相同，区别仅在，支撑组件60的结构和隔离组件50的设置位置。在该种示例中，支撑组件60在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第三图案，第三图案与狭缝开口111在第一介质基板10上的正投影第二图案交替设置。其中，对于任一支撑组件60可以包括沿第一方向X并排设置的第一子支撑件601和第二子支撑件602，且在第一子支撑件601和第二子支撑件602之间设置隔离组件50，隔离组件50可以设置在第二介质基板30上，与第二基板上的第二电极402同层设置且采用相同的材料。
继续参照图6，在该示例中，第一子支撑件601和第二子支撑件602均与第二电极402在第一介质基板10上的正投影无重叠。
第五个示例：该示例与第一种示例中的区别在于隔离组件50设置的数量和具体形状。在该示例中，对于任一狭缝开口111沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧均设置有隔离组件50。
第一种情况，图7为本公开实施例的第五个示例的第一种情况的全息天线的俯视图；如图7所示，对于任一狭缝开口111，其在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第二图案，在狭缝开口111沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧对应位置设置的隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影均为第一图案，为了便于区分，分别将这两个第一图案称之为第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案。对于任 一第二图案，其两侧的第一隔离图案具有与第二图案相对的第一边，第二隔离图案具有与第二图案相对的第二边；第一边越靠近其中点的位置到所述第二图案之间的距离越大；第二边越靠近其中点的位置到所述第二图案之间的距离越大。之所有如此设置，是因为如图4所示，狭缝开口111长度方向两侧的电场分布导致，中间位置电场强度相对强，两侧位置电场强度相对弱，采用上述结构的设置方式可以很好的隔离相邻设置的天线单元，降低相邻天线单元之间的互耦。例如：第一隔离图案的第一边和第二隔离图案的第二边均为弧线。进一步的，隔离组件50具有靠近第二图案的第一边，且第一边为弧线。例如隔离组件可以为月牙形。
在该种情况下，对于任一第二图案，在其沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧的两个第一图案，以贯穿所述第二图案中心且沿所述第二方向Y延伸的直线为对称轴，二者呈对称设置。
第二种情况，图8为本公开实施例的第五个示例的第二种情况的全息天线的俯视图；如图8所示，对于任一狭缝开口111，其在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第二图案，在狭缝开口111沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧对应位置设置的隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影均为第一图案，为了便于区分，分别将这两个第一图案称之为第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案。第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案均可以具有第一部分和第二部分；第一部分与第二方向Y延伸，第二部分与所述第一部分的一端连接，且指向第二图案。例如：第一部分和第二部分连接形成直角结构。
在该种情况下，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧的两个第一图案，以第二图案的中心为旋转中心，二者互为中心对称图形。
第三种情况，图9为本公开实施例的第五个示例的第三种情况的全息天线的俯视图；如图9所示，对于任一狭缝开口111，其在第一介质基板10上的正投影为第二图案，在狭缝开口111沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧对应位置设置的隔离组件50在第一介质基板10上的正投影均为第一图案，为了便于区分，分别将这两个第一图案称之为第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案。第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案均具有靠近第二图案的第一边，第一边呈折线。例如： 第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案均可以具有第一部分、第二部分和第三部分；第一部分与第二方向Y延伸，第二部分和第三部分分别连接在述第一部分的两端，且指向第二图案。例如：第一部分和第二部分连接形成直角结构，第一部分和第三部分连接形成直角结构。
在该种情况下，对于任一第二图案，在其沿第二方向Y延伸的两侧的两个第一图案，以贯穿所述第二图案中心且沿所述第二方向Y延伸的直线为对称轴，二者呈对称设置。无论本公开实施例的全息天线采用上述任一结构，其均还可以包括馈电结构，馈电结构被配置为将微波信号馈入波导结构20中。例如，馈电结构包括同轴探针，同轴探针包括但不限于SMA。
第二方面，本公开实施例提供一种电子设备，电子设备包括上述的全息天线。该天线还包括收发单元、射频收发机、信号放大器、功率放大器、滤波单元。该天线可以作为发送天线，也可以作为接收天线。其中，收发单元可以包括基带和接收端，基带提供至少一个频段的信号，例如提供2G信号、3G信号、4G信号、5G信号等，并将至少一个频段的信号发送给射频收发机。而通信系统中的透明天线接收到信号后，可以经过滤波单元、功率放大器、信号放大器、射频收发机(图中未示)的处理后传输给收发单元中的接收端，接收端例如可以为智慧网关等。
进一步地，射频收发机与收发单元相连，用于调制收发单元发送的信号，或用于解调透明天线接收的信号后传输给收发单元。具体地，射频收发机可以包括发射电路、接收电路、调制电路、解调电路，发射电路接收基底提供的多种类型的信号后，调制电路可以对基带提供的多种类型的信号进行调制，再发送给天线。而透明天线接收信号传输给射频收发机的接收电路，接收电路将信号传输给解调电路，解调电路对信号进行解调后传输给接收端。
进一步地，射频收发机连接信号放大器和功率放大器，信号放大器和功率放大器再连接滤波单元，滤波单元连接至少一个天线。在通信系统进行发送信号的过程中，信号放大器用于提高射频收发机输出的信号的信噪比后传输给滤波单元；功率放大器用于放大射频收发机输出的信号的功率后传输给滤波单元；滤波单元具体可以包括双工器和滤波电路，滤波单元将信号放大 器和功率放大器输出的信号进行合路且滤除杂波后传输给透明天线，天线将信号辐射出去。在通信系统进行接收信号的过程中，天线接收到信号后传输给滤波单元，滤波单元将天线接收的信号滤除杂波后传输给信号放大器和功率放大器，信号放大器将天线接收的信号进行增益，增加信号的信噪比；功率放大器将天线接收的信号的功率放大。天线接收的信号经过功率放大器、信号放大器处理后传输给射频收发机，射频收发机再传输给收发单元。
在一些示例中，信号放大器可以包括多种类型的信号放大器，例如低噪声放大器，在此不做限制。
在一些示例中，本公开实施例提供的天线还包括电源管理单元，电源管理单元连接功率放大器，为功率放大器提供用于放大信号的电压。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种全息天线，其包括第一介质基板、第二介质基板、波导结构、辐射层和多个开关单元；所述第一介质基板设置在所述波导结构的波导口上；所述辐射层设置在所述第一介质基板背离所述波导结构的一侧，且所述辐射层具有多个狭缝开口；所述第二介质基板设置在所述辐射层背离所述第一介质基板的一侧；所述多个开关单元设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间，且与所述狭缝开口一一对应设置；其中，
    所述全息天线还包括设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间的多个隔离组件；所述隔离组件在所述第一介质基板上的正投影为第一图案，所述狭缝开口在所述第一介质基板上的正投影为第二图案；相邻的两个所述第二图案之间至少有一个第一图案，且所述第二图案和与之最近的所述第一图案之间具有第一间距。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的全息天线，其中，还包括设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间的多个支撑组件；所述支撑组件和所述隔离组件一一对应设置；且所述隔离组件设置在与之对应的所述支撑组件靠近所述第二介质基板的一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的全息天线，其中，所述支撑组件包括导电材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的全息天线，其中，所述第一图案和所述第二图案交替设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的全息天线，其中，所述多个狭缝开口沿第一方向并排设置，所述隔离组件包括沿第一方向并排且间隔设置的多个子隔离件。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的全息天线，其中，所述狭缝开口沿第二方向延伸，各所述子隔离件的长度方向均为所述第二方向。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的全息天线，其中，还包括设置在所述第二介质基板和所述辐射层之间的多个支撑组件，所述支撑组件均包括第一子支撑 件和第二子支撑件，且所述第一子支撑件和所述第二子支撑件之间均设置有所述隔离组件。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的全息天线，其中，所述狭缝开口沿第二方向延伸，所述隔离组件包括沿所述第二方向并排且间隔设置的多个子隔离件。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的全息天线，其中，所述隔离组件中相邻设置的所述子隔离件之间具有第二间距；所述第二间距的距离值小于或者等于0.2波长。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的全息天线，其中，所述狭缝开口沿第二方向延伸，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿所述第二方向延伸的两侧均有第一图案。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的全息天线，其中，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向延伸的两侧的第一图案分别为第一隔离图案和第二隔离图案；所述第一隔离图案具有与所述第二图案相对的第一边，所述第一边越靠近其中点的位置到所述第二图案之间的距离越大；和/或，所述第二隔离图案具有与所述第二图案相对的第二边，所述第二边越靠近其中点的位置到所述第二图案之间的距离越大。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述全息天线，其中，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向延伸的两侧的两个所述第一图案，以贯穿所述第二图案中心且沿所述第二方向延伸的直线为对称轴，二者呈对称设置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的全息天线，其中，所述第一图案具有与所述第二图案相对设置的第一边，所述第一边为弧线或者折线。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的全息天线，其中，对于任一所述第二图案，在其沿第二方向延伸的两侧的两个所述第一图案，以所述第二图案的中心为旋转中心，二者互为中心对称图形。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的全息天线，其中，所述第一图案具有第一部分和第二部分；所述第一部分与所述第二方向延伸，所述第二部分与所述第一部分的一端连接，且指向所述第二图案。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的全息天线，其中，所述第一间距的距离值不小于0.1个介质波长。
  17. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的全息天线，其中，所述开关单元包括设置在第一介质基板靠近所述第二介质基板一侧第一电极，设置在所述第二介质基板上的第二电极，以及位于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间的液晶层；
    所述辐射层复用为所述第一电极；各所述开关单元的所述第二电极与所述狭缝开口一一对应设置。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的全息天线，其中，所述开关单元还包括控制晶体管；所述控制晶体管的漏极与所述第二电极电连接，源极与驱动电压线电连接，栅极与控制线电连接。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的全息天线，其中，所述隔离组件与所述第二电极同层设置。
  20. 一种电子设备，其包括权利要求1-19中任一项所述的全息天线。
PCT/CN2022/127524 2022-10-26 2022-10-26 全息天线及电子设备 WO2024087043A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/127524 WO2024087043A1 (zh) 2022-10-26 2022-10-26 全息天线及电子设备

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2022/127524 WO2024087043A1 (zh) 2022-10-26 2022-10-26 全息天线及电子设备

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024087043A1 true WO2024087043A1 (zh) 2024-05-02

Family

ID=90829768

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/127524 WO2024087043A1 (zh) 2022-10-26 2022-10-26 全息天线及电子设备

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2024087043A1 (zh)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150222014A1 (en) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Ryan A. Stevenson Waveguide feed structures for reconfigurable antenna
US20150288063A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Mikala C. Johnson Beam shaping for reconfigurable holographic antennas
CN109478715A (zh) * 2016-05-03 2019-03-15 集美塔公司 集成有光伏电池的天线
CN112640213A (zh) * 2018-09-10 2021-04-09 Hrl实验室有限责任公司 具有用于宽带频率调谐的可重新配置辐射器的电子可控全息天线
CN115136410A (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-09-30 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 天线及通信设备

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150222014A1 (en) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Ryan A. Stevenson Waveguide feed structures for reconfigurable antenna
US20150288063A1 (en) * 2014-04-07 2015-10-08 Mikala C. Johnson Beam shaping for reconfigurable holographic antennas
CN109478715A (zh) * 2016-05-03 2019-03-15 集美塔公司 集成有光伏电池的天线
CN112640213A (zh) * 2018-09-10 2021-04-09 Hrl实验室有限责任公司 具有用于宽带频率调谐的可重新配置辐射器的电子可控全息天线
CN115136410A (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-09-30 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 天线及通信设备

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN113169457B (zh) 脊间隙波导以及包括其的多层天线阵列
Pan et al. A low-profile programmable beam scanning holographic array antenna without phase shifters
CN112768892B (zh) 一种基于编码思想的低rcs超表面天线阵及其设计方法
CN108736147A (zh) 一种超宽带Vivaldi圆极化相控阵天线单元
CN111755809A (zh) 小型化的双极化宽频带法布里-珀罗谐振腔天线
CN108336500B (zh) 单波束双周期表面等离激元侧射漏波天线
US11201394B2 (en) Antenna device and electronic device
CN113764878A (zh) 一种波束可重构漏波天线
CN112787080B (zh) 天线模组及电子设备
CN107706545B (zh) 一种具有宽角扫描功能的cts阵列天线系统
CN113161764A (zh) 一种高功率的可变倾角连续断面节阵列天线
CN116435763A (zh) 毫米波超表面雷达接收天线、发射天线及收发集成天线
CN114256614B (zh) 一种应用于毫米波通信系统的超宽带平面天线阵列
CN111710986B (zh) 基于极化旋转表面的宽带可重构传输阵天线
WO2024087043A1 (zh) 全息天线及电子设备
CN116247428B (zh) 一种毫米波阵列天线
CN117117488A (zh) 一种应用于B5G通信的1-bit可重构低功耗反射阵天线
Fu et al. A brief review and comparison between transmitarray antennas, reflectarray antennas and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
CN115473041A (zh) 一种具备高增益端射波束的方向图可重构天线阵列
CN212968072U (zh) 一种波束扫描动态可控的超构表面
CN111509393B (zh) 一种基于微带线结构的一维平面周期漏波天线
CN112164866B (zh) 一种基于s-pin固态等离子体的高隔离度可重构缝隙天线及其频率重构方法
CN111262023B (zh) 一种基于近场空馈机制的低剖面新型相控阵天线
WO2024000226A1 (zh) 全息天线及其制备方法、电子设备
CN113363688A (zh) 用于微波驱动离子的近场微波转换装置及方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22963029

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1