WO2024086773A1 - Technologie d'adhérence de vitrage en aérogel et d'unité de vitrage isolant - Google Patents

Technologie d'adhérence de vitrage en aérogel et d'unité de vitrage isolant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024086773A1
WO2024086773A1 PCT/US2023/077387 US2023077387W WO2024086773A1 WO 2024086773 A1 WO2024086773 A1 WO 2024086773A1 US 2023077387 W US2023077387 W US 2023077387W WO 2024086773 A1 WO2024086773 A1 WO 2024086773A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adhesive
aerogel
aerogel sheet
sheet
glazing unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2023/077387
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kellen C. Kitzman
Keith James BURROWS
Kari B. Myli
Original Assignee
Cardinal Cg Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/971,176 external-priority patent/US20230050347A1/en
Application filed by Cardinal Cg Company filed Critical Cardinal Cg Company
Publication of WO2024086773A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024086773A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to window, glazing, and aerogel technologies. More particularly, the present invention relates to IG units, glazing assemblies, and aerogel technology.
  • Aerogel is a known insulation material that can be used between two glass sheets. In some cases, aerogel is provided in granular, particulate form. In other cases, aerogel is produced in the form of a sheet.
  • IG units and glazing assemblies that include an aerogel sheet adhered to one of the panes by an advantageous adhesive arrangement.
  • Figure l is a schematic, broken-away, cross-sectional side view of an optical device in accordance with certain embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic front view of an optical device in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic front view of an optical device in accordance with other embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic front view of an optical device in accordance with still other embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic front view of a glass assembly unit mounted in a frame in accordance with yet other embodiments of the invention;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic front view of an optical device comprising a plurality of muntin bars in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic, broken-away, cross-sectional side view of a laminated glass assembly in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 8A is a schematic, broken-away, cross-sectional side view of a portion of an optical device in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, showing the tapered confronting edges of two adjacent aerogel sheets;
  • Figure 8B is a schematic, broken-away, cross-sectional side view of a portion of an optical device in accordance with other embodiments of the invention, showing yet another arrangement of two adjacent aerogel sheets having tapered confronting edges;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic, broken-away, cross-sectional side view of an insulating glazing unit mounted in a frame in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, with outermost edges of the aerogel sheets positioned outside the vision area;
  • Figure 10 is a broken-away, schematic, cross-sectional view of a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic, front view of a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 12 is a broken-away, schematic, cross-sectional view of a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit mounted in a frame in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention.
  • an optical device comprising a glass assembly unit.
  • the glass assembly unit comprises two glass sheets and a plurality of aerogel sheets.
  • the aerogel sheets are arranged in a tiled configuration between the two glass sheets so as to cover a majority of a unit area of the glass assembly unit.
  • the tiled configuration is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets being spaced from an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets by a gap distance of no greater than 5 mm.
  • the tiled configuration is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets being in edge-to-edge contact with an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets.
  • Some embodiments provide an optical device comprising a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit comprises two glass sheets and a between-pane space.
  • the between-pane space is located between the two glass sheets.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further comprises a plurality of aerogel sheets arranged in a tiled configuration.
  • the aerogel sheets are arranged in the tiled configuration inside the between- pane space and are adhered to an interior surface of a first one of the two glass sheets.
  • the aerogel sheets are arranged so as to cover a majority of a unit area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit.
  • an optical device comprising a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit comprises two glass sheets and a between-pane space.
  • the between-pane space is located between the two glass sheets.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further comprises a plurality of aerogel sheets arranged in a tiled configuration.
  • the aerogel sheets are arranged in the tiled configuration inside the between- pane space and are adhered to an interior surface of a first one of the two glass sheets.
  • the tiled configuration is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets being spaced from an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets by a gap. Each gap has a distance of no greater than 5 mm.
  • Still other embodiments provide an optical device comprising a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit comprises two glass sheets and a between-pane space. The between-pane space is located between the two glass sheets.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further comprises a plurality of aerogel sheets arranged in a tiled configuration. The aerogel sheets are arranged in the tiled configuration inside the between- pane space and are adhered to an interior surface of a first one of the two glass sheets.
  • the tiled configuration is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets being in edge-to-edge contact with an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets.
  • Certain other embodiments provide an optical device comprising a laminated glass assembly.
  • the laminated glass assembly comprises two glass sheets and a plurality of aerogel sheets.
  • the aerogel sheets are arranged in a tiled configuration between the two glass sheets.
  • the aerogel sheets are arranged so as to cover a majority of a unit area of the laminated glass assembly.
  • the tiled configuration is characterized by each aerogel sheet being spaced from an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets by a gap distance of no greater than 5 mm.
  • the tiled configuration is characterized by each aerogel sheet being in edge-to-edge contact with an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets.
  • the invention provides an IG unit or a laminated glass panel having one or more aerogel sheets located between two glass sheets.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets are positioned such that when the IG unit or laminated glass panel is mounted in a frame, perimeter edges of the aerogel sheet(s) are outside a vision area.
  • the aerogel in the present embodiments can also be provided in the form of multiple aerogel sheets in a tiled configuration.
  • Some embodiments of the invention provide a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets and an aerogel sheet located between the two glass sheets.
  • the aerogel sheet is adhered to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets by an optical adhesive, such that a face of the aerogel sheet is carried alongside the noted interior surface and has a portion that is devoid of the optical adhesive.
  • the aerogel sheet has perimeter edges and is positioned such that the perimeter edges of the aerogel sheet are outside a vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit when the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit is mounted in a frame.
  • the optical adhesive preferably is located at a perimeter of the aerogel sheet.
  • the invention provides a glazing assembly that includes a frame and a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit mounted in the frame such that a vision area of the glazing assembly is located inwardly of the frame.
  • the multiple- pane insulating glazing unit includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets.
  • the glazing assembly further includes a perimetrical adhesive field that has adhesive securing the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field is located outside a vision area of the glazing assembly, such that the vision area is devoid of the adhesive.
  • the aerogel sheet spans an entirety of the vision area.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets and an aerogel sheet located between the two glass sheets.
  • the glazing assembly includes a perimetrical adhesive field that has adhesive securing the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field is located outside a vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, such that the vision area is devoid of the adhesive.
  • the aerogel sheet spans an entirety of the vision area.
  • Some embodiments of the invention provide a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet, and the spacer is connected by sealant to the two glass sheets.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further includes an optical adhesive adhering the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets, such that a face of the aerogel sheet is carried alongside the noted interior surface and has a portion that is devoid of the optical adhesive.
  • the invention provides a glazing assembly that includes a frame and a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit mounted in the frame such that a vision area of the glazing assembly is located inwardly of the frame.
  • the multiplepane insulating glazing unit includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet, and the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the glazing assembly further includes a perimetrical adhesive field where adhesive secures the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field is located outside the vision area of the glazing assembly, such that the vision area of the glazing assembly is devoid of the adhesive.
  • the aerogel sheet spans an entirety of the vision area.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet, and the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further includes a perimetrical adhesive field where adhesive secures the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field is located outside a vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, such that the vision area is devoid of the adhesive.
  • the aerogel sheet spans an entirety of the vision area.
  • the invention provides a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, such that a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet.
  • the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further includes an adhesive securing the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet has opposed first and second faces, and the adhesive securing the aerogel sheet to the noted interior surface is in contact with the first face of the aerogel sheet. In the present embodiments, the adhesive contacts less than 10% of the first face of the aerogel sheet.
  • the adhesive contacts 1-5% of the first face of the aerogel sheet.
  • the adhesive is spaced apart by more than 0.1 inch and less than 1.5 inches from an adjacent edge of the one of the two glass sheets to which the adhesive secures the aerogel sheet.
  • the adhesive occupies a perimetrical adhesive field that is located outside a vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, such that the vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit is devoid of the adhesive.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field can optionally have a width in a range of from 1 mm to 25 mm.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet, and the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further includes a perimetrical adhesive field where adhesive secures the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field is located at least substantially entirely outside a vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, such that the vision area is at least substantially devoid of the adhesive.
  • the aerogel sheet spans an entirety of the vision area.
  • the optical device 10 comprises a glass assembly unit that includes a first glass sheet 100, a second glass sheet 110, and one or more aerogel sheets 200.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 are arranged between the first 100 and second 110 glass sheets.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment where the glass assembly unit comprises (e.g., is) a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40. This, however, is not required in all embodiments.
  • the glass assembly unit comprises (e.g., is) a laminated glass assembly 80 (FIG. 7). More will be said of this later.
  • first 100 and second glass sheets 110 can be used for the first 100 and second glass sheets 110, including soda-lime glass or borosilicate glass. In some cases, it may be desirable to use “white glass,” a low iron glass, etc. In certain embodiments, the glass sheets are part of a window, door, skylight, or other glazing.
  • Glass sheets of various sizes can be used in the present invention. Commonly, large-area glass sheets are used. Certain embodiments involve first and second glass sheets each having a major dimension (e.g., a length or width) of at least about 0.5 meter, preferably at least about 1 meter, perhaps more preferably at least about 1.5 meters (e.g., between about 2 meters and about 4 meters), and in some cases at least about 3 meters. In some embodiments, each glass sheet is a jumbo glass sheet having a length and/or width that is between about 3 meters and about 10 meters, e.g., a glass sheet having a width of about 3.5 meters and a length of about 6.5 meters.
  • a major dimension e.g., a length or width
  • each glass sheet is a jumbo glass sheet having a length and/or width that is between about 3 meters and about 10 meters, e.g., a glass sheet having a width of about 3.5 meters and a length of about 6.5 meters.
  • each glass sheet has a thickness of about 1-8 mm. Certain embodiments involve glass sheets with a thickness of between about 2.3 mm and about 4.8 mm, and perhaps more preferably between about 2.5 mm and about 4.8 mm. In one particular embodiment, glass sheets (e.g., soda-lime glass) with a thickness of about 3 mm are used.
  • glass sheets e.g., soda-lime glass
  • the first glass sheet 100 has opposed surfaces 120, 125, which preferably are opposed major surfaces (or “opposed faces”).
  • the second glass sheet 110 has opposed surfaces 130, 135, which preferably are opposed major surfaces.
  • surfaces 120 and 130 are interior surfaces facing a between-pane space 50
  • surfaces 125 and 135 are exterior surfaces, e.g., such that surface 135 is an exterior surface exposed to an outdoor environment (and thus exposed to periodic contact with rain). This, however, is not required.
  • the term “aerogel” refers to a material that is obtained by combining either a nonfluid colloidal network or a polymer network with liquid so as to form a gel, and then removing the liquid from the gel and replacing the liquid with a gas or vacuum. As discussed in greater detail below, the resulting aerogel (and particularly each preferred aerogel noted below) has a very low density and provides excellent insulating properties.
  • the aerogel 200 of the present disclosure can comprise (e.g., can be), for example, a silica-based aerogel or a polymer-based aerogel.
  • the aerogel 200 can advantageously be produced, and have properties, in accordance with U.S. Patent Application No. 63/318,165, entitled “Silica Wet Gel and Aerogel Materials,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Any suitable aerogel material can be used in the present embodiments.
  • the aerogel is a cellulose-based aerogel. Aerogels of this nature are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • the aerogel can contain cellulosic nanocomposites that are aligned in ordered liquid crystal phases.
  • Various other aerogel materials are commercially available and/or otherwise known, and may also be used.
  • the aerogel preferably is provided in the form of one or more sheets. This is in contrast to aerogel in flowable granular or otherwise particulate form.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) preferably are self-supporting, i.e., once fully synthesized and formed, the sheet(s) can retain sheet form without being adhered to glass or another support. It is to be appreciated, however, that once incorporated into the insulating glazing unit, the (or each) aerogel sheet preferably is supported by one of the glass sheets 100, 1 10. As illustrated, there preferably is no cell or honeycomb structure surrounding/containing particulate aerogel. As illustrated, the (or each) aerogel sheet 200 has opposed first 200F and second faces.
  • multiple aerogel sheets 200 are arranged in a tiled configuration between the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the multiple aerogel sheets 200 preferably are collectively arranged (optionally in a non-overlapping manner) so as to cover a majority (i.e., greater than 50%) of the unit area of the glass assembly unit.
  • multiple aerogel sheets 200 are arranged in the tiled configuration so as to cover more than 60% (e.g., more than 70%, more than 80%, or even more than 90%) of the unit area of the glass assembly unit.
  • unit area is used herein to refer to the total area of the pane surface (e.g., surface 120) that the aerogel sheet(s) 200 are carried alongside. In embodiments that involve only a single sheet of aerogel, it can optionally cover any desired percentage of the unit area noted in this paragraph.
  • aerogel sheets 200 can have any desired shape and tiling arrangement.
  • such aerogel sheets 200 can be square, rectangular, or hexagonal in shape.
  • edges 205 of each aerogel sheet 200 are aligned both vertically and horizontally with edges 205 of adjacently-positioned aerogel sheets 200 (see, e g., Fig. 2).
  • the aerogel sheets 200 are rectangular strips that extend the entire, or substantially the entire, height or width of the glass assembly unit (see Fig. 3).
  • at least some of the aerogel sheets 200 have shapes different from some of the other aerogel sheets 200 (see Fig. 4). While certain exemplary tiling configurations are shown in FIGS. 2-5, many other tiling configurations can be used.
  • the size of the aerogel sheets 200 is not particularly limited. In some embodiments, all of the aerogel sheets 200 have the same dimensions (see, e.g., FIG. 2). In other embodiments, as shown in the non-limiting example of FIG. 4, some of the aerogel sheets 200 have different dimensions (e.g., a greater length) compared to some of the other aerogel sheets 200.
  • each of the aerogel sheets 200 has a length and a width of at least 10 cm. For each aerogel sheet 200 used in embodiments involving multiple aerogel sheets 200 arranged in a tiled configuration, the length, the width, or both are preferably less than 1 meter.
  • Such dimensions allow the aerogel sheets 200 to be conveniently scaled-up so as to cover large areas between two glass sheets 100, 110 of a glass assembly unit, while still allowing such aerogel sheets 200 to be dried using a smaller high-pressure vessel.
  • Skilled artisans will appreciate that larger or smaller aerogel sheets 200 may alternatively be used, depending on the aerogel production process and equipment used, as well as the size and configuration of the desired units.
  • the optical device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is an insulating glazing unit (“IG” unit) 40.
  • the illustrated IG unit 40 comprises the two glass sheets 100, 110, multiple aerogel sheets 200, and a between-pane space 50 located between the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the aerogel sheets 200 are arranged in the tiled configuration inside the between-pane space 50 and are adhered to an interior surface 120 of the first glass sheet 100.
  • one or more aerogel sheets 200 are “adhered to” a surface of a glass sheet, this does not require any separate adhesive. It also does not require the aerogel to contact the glass; there may be a coating or layer therebetween.
  • aerogel is supported by the glass surface, and/or bonded to the glass surface, and in some preferred embodiments the aerogel does contact the glass surface. In some embodiments, there is at most one layer (e.g., an adhesive layer) between each aerogel sheet 200 and the glass.
  • the between-pane space 50 is filled with a thermally-insulative gas mix, such as a mix of 90% argon and 10% air.
  • a thermally-insulative gas mix such as a mix of 90% argon and 10% air.
  • the IG unit 40 may alternatively be filled with a desired single gas or air.
  • the second glass sheet 110 is an outboard pane that defines both a #1 surface (i.e., surface 135) and a #2 surface (i.e., surface 130), while the first glass sheet 100 is an inboard pane that defines both a #3 surface (i.e., surface 120) and a #4 surface (i.e., surface 125).
  • the IG unit 40 can optionally be mounted in a frame 90 (e.g., as shown in FIGs. 9 and 12), e.g., such that the #1 surface is exposed to an outdoor environment, while the #4 surface is exposed to an indoor environment.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 can be adhered to either the #2 surface or the #3 surface of the IG unit 40.
  • FIG. 1 shows a double-pane IG unit
  • FIG. 1 shows a double-pane IG unit
  • other embodiments provide a triple-pane IG unit having one or more aerogel sheets 200 on either the #2 surface, the #3 surface, the #4 surface, or the #5 surface.
  • one or more aerogel sheets can optionally be provided on both the #3 surface and either the #4 or #5 surface.
  • Another option is to provide one or more aerogel sheets on both the #2 surface (e.g., for applications where a low-emissivity or solar control coating is on the #3 surface) and the #4 or #5 surface.
  • the IG unit 40 also includes a low-emissivity coating 70.
  • the #2 surface bears the low-emissivity coating 70.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 can be adhered to the #3 surface (i.e., surface 120) and can be spaced from the low-emissivity coating 70.
  • the aerogel can be on the #2 surface while a low-emissivity or solar control coating is on the #3 surface.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 are spaced from the low-emissivity coating 70 by at least 2 mm but not more than 15 mm (e.g., by 4-15 mm, 5-12 mm, or 10-15 mm).
  • the low-emissivity coating 70 preferably includes at least one silverinclusive film, which desirably contains more than 50% silver by weight (e.g., a metallic silver film).
  • the low-emissivity coating 70 includes three or more infrared-reflective films (e.g., silver-containing films). Low-emissivity coatings having three or more infrared-reflective films are described in U.S. Patent and Application Nos. 11/546,152 and 7,572,511 and 7,572,510 and 7,572,509 and 11/545,211 and 7,342,716 and 7,339,728, the teachings of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the low- emissivity coating 70 includes four silver layers.
  • the low-emissivity coating can be a “single silver” or “double silver” low-emissivity coating, which are well-known to skilled artisans.
  • Advantageous coatings of this nature are commercially available from, for example, Cardinal CG Company (Eden Prairie, Minnesota, U.S.A.).
  • the double-pane IG unit 40 can optionally further include a transparent conductive oxide
  • TCO coating 85 on an exterior surface of one of the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • one or more aerogel sheets 200 and a TCO coating 85 are both supported by (e.g., are on opposite surfaces of) the first one of the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the U factor for a doublepane IG unit 40
  • a transparent conductive oxide coating 85 e.g., on surface 125
  • the transparent conductive oxide coating 85 may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of indium tin oxide (“ITO”).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • zinc aluminum oxide, SnO:Sb, sputtered SnO:F, or another known TCO is used.
  • the transparent conductive oxide coating 85 comprises (e.g., is) a sputtered film that includes tin (e.g., comprising tin oxide together with antimony, fluorine, or another dopant).
  • the TCO film (which either forms or is part of the transparent conductive oxide coating 85) includes carbon nanotubes.
  • the TCO film (which optionally comprises ITO) is provided at a thickness of 10,000 A or less, such as between about 1,000 A and about 7,000 A, e.g., from 1,000 A to 1,750 A, such as about 1,300-1,600 A.
  • the transparent conductive oxide coating 85 it can optionally comprise a TCO (e.g., ITO) film having a thickness of from 1,000 A to 1,750 A.
  • the transparent conductive oxide coating 85 can, for example, be a coating of the type described in any of U.S. Patent Nos. 9,862,640 or 10,000,965 or 10,000,411 or 11,155,493, the teachings of which concerning the transparent conductive oxide coating are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the insulating glazing unit 40 includes both a transparent conductive oxide coating 85 and a low-emissivity coating 70. This, however, is not required in all embodiments.
  • the insulating glazing unit 40 includes the low- emissivity coating 70 but is devoid of the transparent conductive oxide coating 85. In other cases, both coatings 70, 85 are omitted.
  • Certain embodiments include a spacer 60 between the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the spacer 60 can be adhered to the two glass sheets 100, 110 by one or more beads of sealant 55, 58 as is conventional and well-known to skilled artisans.
  • the spacer 60 may be a conventional metal channel spacer, e.g., formed of stainless steel or aluminum. Or, it can comprise polymer and metal, or just polymer (e.g., foam).
  • the spacer can alternatively be an integral part of a sash, frame, etc. so as to maintain the IG unit in the desired configuration.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 do not contact the spacer 60.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 may be separated (i.e., spaced apart) from the spacer 60 by about 1 mm to about 5 mm (e.g., about 2-4 mm, such as about 3 mm).
  • the sealant 55, 58 between the spacer 60 and the two adjacent glass sheets 100, 110 can also be spaced from the aerogel 200. Reference is made to FIGs. 1, 9, 10, and 12.
  • the spacer 60 is shown with a primary sealant 55 (e.g., comprising two regions, e.g., “beads,” of sealant on opposite sides of the spacer) and a secondary sealant 58.
  • a primary sealant 55 e.g., comprising two regions, e.g., “beads,” of sealant on opposite sides of the spacer
  • a secondary sealant 58 Another option is to omit the secondary sealant, in favor of simply having the primary sealant. Or, a single deposit of primary sealant can be provided along both sides of the spacer and on the outside wall of the spacer.
  • Various other known sealant arrangements/ systems can alternatively be used.
  • the primary sealant 55 is closest to (but spaced from) the aerogel sheets 200.
  • the primary sealant is closest to (but spaced from) the aerogel sheet.
  • the spacer may be omitted while one or more beads of sealant (optionally together with a moisture vapor barrier) are provided about the perimeter of the unit so as to encompass the one or more aerogel sheets 200.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 themselves assist in holding the glass sheets 100, 110 apart by the desired distance. In such cases, there may be no gas gap alongside the one or more aerogel sheets 200.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40 has a vision area 95.
  • vision area refers to the area of the IG unit 40 through which a person is able to see once the IG unit is mounted operably in a frame. In FIG. 5, for example, the vision area 95 of the IG unit 40 is shown. In embodiments where the IGunit 40 is mounted in a frame 90, the frame 90 may delineate the vision area 95 (e.g., such that the vision area 95 is delineated by an interior edge 98 of the frame 90). Reference is made to FIGs. 9 and 12.
  • the perimeter edges of the aerogel sheet or sheets 200 can optionally be located outside of the vision area 95 (e.g., so as to be positioned at locations that will be concealed from view by a frame 90). While that is not the case in FIG. 5, advantageous embodiments having such arrangements are discussed below in more detail with reference to FIGs. 9 and 12.
  • the aerogel sheet or sheets 200 may be arranged so as to cover a majority (i.e., greater than 50%) of the vision area 95.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 cover at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80% of the vision area 95 of the IG unit 40. In certain embodiments, the one or more aerogel sheets 200 cover an entirety of the vision area 95.
  • this frame may be a sash or part of a sash (e.g., an exterior weather strip and/or glazing bead).
  • the vision area described above is determined when looking straight at the adjacent pane surface from a vantage point aligned with an outermost perimeter portion of the vision area.
  • the vision area is to be considered that area that is inward of the frame portion that projects furthest inwardly. This can be appreciated by referring to FIGs. 9 and 12, where an inboard portion of the frame projects further inwardly than does an outboard portion of the frame.
  • a further-inwardly-projecting frame portion may be an exterior sash portion comprising vinyl or another polymer.
  • one or more aerogel sheets 200 are arranged on an IG unit 40 so as to have outermost edges positioned such that those edges will be outside the vision area 95 when the IG unit 40 is mounted operably in a frame 90, such as a sash.
  • a frame 90 such as a sash.
  • a plurality of gaps 210 between adjacent aerogel sheets 200 are located within the vision area 95.
  • the IG unit 40 may include a spacer 60 and outermost edges of the one or more aerogel sheets 200 can optionally be spaced from the spacer 60, e.g., by the separation distances noted above. While Fig.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) can optionally have any of the dimensions, properties, or both described elsewhere in this disclosure.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 can be adhered to an interior surface (e.g., the #3 surface) of the first glass sheet 100.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 adhere to the glass surface through van der Waals forces.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 are adhered to the first glass sheet 100 by an optical adhesive, optionally such that portions (e.g., a central portion) of the one or more aerogel sheets 200 are devoid of the optical adhesive.
  • the optical adhesive can be located at a perimeter of the one or more aerogel sheets 200.
  • the one or more aerogel sheets 200 are adhered to the first glass sheet 100 by a non-optical adhesive, optionally such that portions (e g., a central portion) of the one or more aerogel sheets 200 are devoid of the non-optical adhesive.
  • the non-optical adhesive can be located at a perimeter of the one or more aerogel sheets 200.
  • the aerogel can optionally be provided in the form of a single aerogel sheet, as noted above.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40 includes two glass sheets 100, 110, a spacer 60, and the aerogel sheet 200.
  • the aerogel sheet 200 is located between the two glass sheets 100, 110, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet 200, and the spacer 60 is connected by sealant 55, 58 to the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the multiplepane insulating glazing unit 40 further includes an adhesive (optionally an optical adhesive) 900 adhering the aerogel sheet 200 to an interior surface (120 or 130) of one of the two glass sheets 100, 110, such that a face (e.g., a first face) 200F of the aerogel sheet is carried alongside that interior surface and has a portion that is devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the portion of face 200F that is devoid of adhesive 900 includes the portion of face 200F that is located in the vision area 95 of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40.
  • the aerogel sheet 200 preferably spans an entirety of the vision area 95.
  • Figures 10 and 12 show the aerogel sheet 200 adhered to interior surface 120, which is a #3 surface. It is to be appreciated, however, that the aerogel sheet can alternatively be adhered to surface 130, which is a #2 surface.
  • the area(s) of face 200F that are devoid of adhesive 900 are carried alongside the noted interior surface (120 or 130). That may be (or include) a central area, which is located (at least in part) in the vision area 95 of the IG unit 40. In such cases, the central area of face 200F may be in contact with the noted interior surface (120 or 130), and may be bonded to such interior surface by van der Waals forces.
  • the invention provides certain embodiments wherein a central area of face 200F is devoid of adhesive 900 and is bonded to the noted interior surface (120 or 130) by van der Waals forces, while adhesive 900 adheres face 200F to the noted interior surface at a perimeter area of face 200F that is located outside the vision area 95.
  • a central area of face 200F is devoid of adhesive 900 and is bonded to the noted interior surface (120 or 130) by van der Waals forces, while adhesive 900 adheres face 200F to the noted interior surface at a perimeter area of face 200F that is located outside the vision area 95.
  • FIG. 10-12 Another possibility is for the central area of face 200F to bear an optical adhesive and for adhesive 900 (which can be a different, non-optical adhesive) to be provided at a perimetrical adhesive field 950.
  • the adhesive 900 should be selected for compatibility with both glass and the aerogel material (which, for example, may comprise silica).
  • an optical adhesive is Norland Optical Adhesive 89 (UV cured), which is commercially available from Norland Products Inc. (Cranbury, New Jersey, USA).
  • a non-optical adhesive is MG Chemicals 1035 - Premium RTV Silicone Adhesive, which is commercially available from MG Chemicals, Ltd. (Burlington, Ontario, Canada).
  • curing mechanism, longevity, and adhesion strength may guide selection.
  • adhesive 900 adhering the aerogel sheet 200 to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets 100, 110 preferably is located outside the vision area 95 of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40. This can be seen in the non-limiting embodiments of Figures 10-12. Since adhesive 900 is outside the vision area 95, it need not be optical adhesive. For example, it can be opaque or translucent. If desired, however, it can be transparent. [0069] If the desired adhesive material is visible or otherwise impacts properties, or for ease of manufacturing or reducing material use, it may be advantageous to locate adhesive 900 outside the vision area 95. In the embodiments of Figures 10-12, adhesive 900 is located entirely outside the vision area 95. In addition, the aerogel sheet 200 preferably spans an entirety of the vision area 95. In other embodiments, only a majority of the adhesive is located outside the vision area, or the adhesive is at least substantially entirely located outside the vision area.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40 has a rectangular shape and includes a top edge region, a bottom edge region, a first side edge region, and a second side edge region, and the perimetrical adhesive field 950 (where adhesive 900 is located) is at the top edge region of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, whereas the bottom edge region is devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the first and second side edge regions of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40 may also be devoid of adhesive 900.
  • adhesive 900 may be provided at the top and bottom edge regions of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, whereas the first and second side edge regions are devoid of adhesive 900.
  • Another possibility is to provide spacedapart adhesive regions collectively defining the perimetrical adhesive field.
  • Such a series of spaced-apart regions of adhesive 900 may be provided only along the top edge region of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, or along both the top and the bottom edge regions, or along the top, bottom, first side edge, and second side edge regions.
  • Another possibility is to only provide a region of adhesive in each of two or more (e.g., four) corner regions of the multiplepane insulating glazing unit.
  • certain embodiments of the invention provide a glazing assembly comprising a frame 90 and a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40 mounted in the frame such that a vision area 95 of the glazing assembly is located inwardly of the frame.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40 includes two glass sheets 100, 110, a spacer 60, and an aerogel sheet 200.
  • the aerogel sheet 200 is located between the two glass sheets 100, 110, and a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet.
  • the spacer 60 has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets 100, 110 by first and second regions of sealant 55.
  • the glazing assembly further includes a perimetrical adhesive field 950 where adhesive 900 adheres the aerogel sheet 200 to an interior surface (120 or 130) of one of the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field 950 is located outside the vision area 95 of the glazing assembly, such that the vision area 95 is devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the aerogel sheet 200 preferably spans an entirety of the vision area 95.
  • the glazing unit 40 mounted in the frame 90 has a rectangular shape and includes a top edge region, a bottom edge region, a first side edge region, and a second side edge region, and the perimetrical adhesive field 950 (and adhesive 900) is at the top edge region of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, whereas the bottom edge region is devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the first and second side edge regions of the glazing unit 40 may also be devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field (and adhesive 900) is at the top and bottom edge regions of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, whereas the first and second side edge regions of the glazing unit 40 are devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the aerogel sheet 200 preferably is spaced apart from the spacer 60, perhaps by about 1 mm to about 5 mm, e.g., or by about 2 mm to about 4 mm. As shown in some of the figures, the aerogel sheet 200 preferably is spaced apart from the spacer 60 and from adjacent sealant 55, e.g., by a distance in any one or more ranges noted above in this paragraph.
  • the spacer 60 can have an outside wall, and in some cases, a secondary sealant 58 is provided on the outside wall of the spacer.
  • Adhesive 900 preferably is located near the edge of the glass sheet (100 or 110) to which it is adhered. This can be appreciated with continued reference to Figures 10-12.
  • adhesive 900 is spaced apart from the adjacent edge of the glass sheet to which it is adhered. In some embodiments, this spacing (measuring from the side of adhesive 900 that is closest to the adjacent edge of the glass sheet to which it is adhered) is less than 2 inches, less than 1.75 inches, less than 1.5 inches, or even less than 1.25 inches. In fact, certain embodiments have this spacing at less than 1 inch, such as 0.75 inch or even 0.5 inch.
  • this spacing is at least 0.1 inch, or at least % inch, in addition to being within any range noted above in this paragraph.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field 950 preferably is located outside the vision area 95, such that the vision area 95 is devoid of adhesive 900, and the aerogel sheet 200 preferably spans an entirety of the vision area 95.
  • the single aerogel sheet 200 can be replaced with a plurality of aerogel sheets 200.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field 950 preferably has a narrow width (as measured inwardly, away from the adjacent edge of the glass sheet to which adhesive 900 is adhered). In some cases, the width of the perimetrical adhesive field 950 is less than 1.5 inches, less than 1 inch, or even less than 0.9 inch. In certain embodiments, the width of the perimetrical adhesive field 950 is in a range of from 1 mm to 25 mm, or in a range from 2 mm to 15 mm, such as about 10 mm.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field 950 occupies (and/or the adhesive 900 contacts) less than 10% of the total area of face 200F, or even less than 7%, such as in a range of l%-5%. This can optionally be the case for any of various embodiments described herein, including the embodiments shown in Figures 10-12.
  • adhesive 900 preferably is located outside the vision area 95, such that the vision area 95 is devoid of adhesive 900.
  • the aerogel sheet 200 preferably spans an entirety of the vision area 95..
  • Example 1 4 feet x 4 feet glass sheet size, 0.5 inch wide adhesive field all the way around the perimeter, starting at 1 inch in from the glass edge.
  • Example 2 2 feet x 5 feet glass sheet size, 0.75 inch wide adhesive along top and bottom, starting at 0.75 inch in from the glass edge.
  • Example 3 2 feet x 3 feet glass sheet size, 0.25 inch wide adhesive field all the way around the perimeter, starting at 0.5 inch in from the glass edge.
  • a face 200F of an aerogel sheet 200 is adhered to a desired surface (120 or 130) of a glass sheet (100 or 110) by an adhesive field that occupies a small area (e.g., less than 10%, less than 7%, or even less than 6%, such as in a range of l%-5%) of face 200F.
  • the aerogel can optionally span an entirety of the vision area 95, and the aerogel may be one large sheet or it may comprise a plurality of aerogel sheets.
  • the adhesive 900 may be entirely (or at least substantially entirely) outside the vision area 95.
  • the invention provides a glazing assembly comprising a frame and a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit mounted in the frame such that a vision area of the glazing assembly is located inwardly of the frame.
  • the multiplepane insulating glazing unit includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet, and the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the glazing assembly further includes a perimetrical adhesive field where adhesive secures the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets. The perimetrical adhesive field is located outside the vision area of the glazing assembly, such that the vision area of the glazing assembly is devoid of the adhesive.
  • Certain embodiments of the invention provide a multiple-pane insulating glazing unit that includes two glass sheets, a spacer, and an aerogel sheet.
  • the aerogel sheet is located between the two glass sheets, a gas gap is located alongside the aerogel sheet, and the spacer has two opposed sides sealed respectively to the two glass sheets by first and second sealant regions.
  • the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit further includes a perimetrical adhesive field where adhesive secures the aerogel sheet to an interior surface of one of the two glass sheets.
  • the perimetrical adhesive field is located outside a vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit, such that the vision area of the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit is devoid of the adhesive.
  • multiple aerogel sheets 200 are provided in a tiled configuration that is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets 200 being spaced from an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets 200 by a gap 210.
  • this spacing arrangement may help ensure that the aerogel sheets 200 will not become damaged.
  • the gaps 210 are narrow enough to prevent or minimize convection between the aerogel sheets 200.
  • the gap distance will be no greater than 5 mm.
  • the distance of each gap 210 preferably is in a range of from 20 pm to 2 mm (e.g., from 40 pm to 1.5 mm, or from 60 pm to 1.0 mm).
  • Each gap 210 preferably contains only gas.
  • each aerogel sheet 200 has a tapered edge configuration, such that each adjacent pair of the aerogel sheets 200 has confronting tapered edges 208.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B depict two non-limiting examples.
  • the taper can be made by cutting a bevel into the edge 205 of the aerogel sheet 200 (e.g., using a knife, sander, or laser), or by using a shaped mold edge when drying the aerogel. Skilled artisans will appreciate that confronting tapered edges 208 are not required and may be omitted in certain embodiments.
  • the optical device 10 comprises a plurality of muntin bars 300, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • each gap 210 can optionally be aligned with one of the muntin bars 300 so as to conceal the gaps 210 from view.
  • the muntin bars 300 in FIG. 6 are shown together with aerogel sheets 200 having a particular tiling configuration, skilled artisans will appreciate that muntin bars 300 can be used to conceal the gaps 210 of various different tiling configurations.
  • the optical device 10 may include one or more muntin bars that conceal one or more gaps, and one or more muntin bars that do not conceal any gaps.
  • each gap 210 is arranged as part of a gap pattern that deters bird collisions. Birds sometimes fly into windows and other glazings on high-rise buildings, residential buildings, and other structures.
  • the present embodiment is concerned with creating a gap pattern that results in a glass product that birds can see more easily and avoid.
  • the gaps 210 between adjacent aerogel sheets 200 are formed into a pattern (e.g., stripes or a grid) specifically designed to deter bird collisions.
  • multiple aerogel sheets 200 are provided in a tiled configuration that is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets 200 being in edge-to-edge contact with an adjacent one (or a plurality of adjacent ones) of the aerogel sheets 200.
  • Such a tiling configuration is shown in the non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 5.
  • the aerogel sheets 200 are optionally arranged so as to cover an entirety of the vision area 95.
  • the between-pane space 50 has a thickness, which is measured from the interior surface 130 of the second glass sheet 110 to the interior surface 120 of the first glass sheet 100.
  • the aerogel sheets 200 do not occupy the entire thickness of the between-pane space 50, such that there is a gas gap alongside the aerogel sheet(s) 200 within the between-pane space 50.
  • FIG. 1 One example of such a configuration is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 have a thickness T.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 have a thickness in a range of from 1.5 mm to 15 mm, such as greater than 2 mm but less than 8 mm, or from 2 mm to 4 mm (e.g., 3 mm). It is to be appreciated, however, that other thicknesses can be used in certain embodiments.
  • a ratio of the thickness T of the aerogel sheet(s) 200 to the thickness of the between-pane space 50 preferably is between 0.15 and 0.85.
  • the thickness of the between-pane space 50 is at least 10 mm, optionally together with the thickness of the aerogel sheet(s) 200 being greater than 2 mm but less than 8 mm.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 occupy less than 50% of the thickness of the between-pane space 50 (e.g., less than 45%, less than 40%, or even less than 35% of the thickness of the between-pane space 50).
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 occupy a majority of the thickness of the between-pane space 50.
  • the thickness T of each aerogel sheet 200 preferably is greater than 8 mm but less than 15 mm (e.g., about 10 mm), while the thickness of the gas gap alongside the aerogel sheet(s) 200 is optionally less than 5 mm (e.g., about 3 mm).
  • Each aerogel sheet 200 preferably has an index of refraction of less than 1.1 (such as between 1.0 and 1.1, or more preferably between 1.0 and 1.04).
  • This index of refraction (at 550 nm) can optionally be provided in combination with each aerogel sheet 200 having a thickness in a range of from 1.5 mm to 15 mm (such as a thickness of greater than 2 mm but less than 8 mm). It is to be appreciated, however, that the index of refraction values noted in this paragraph are optional, and a higher index of refraction may be provided in certain embodiments.
  • Each aerogel sheet 200 preferably is formed of materials, and made by a process, that allows the aerogel sheet(s) 200 to have a haze of less than 4% (e.g., less than 3%, less than 2%, or even less than 1%).
  • This haze level can optionally be provided in combination with each aerogel sheet 200 having an index of refraction of less than 1.1 (including any of the particular ranges noted in the preceding paragraph). It is to be appreciated, however, that this haze level is optional. For example, higher haze levels may be suitable depending on the intended application.
  • Haze can be measured in well-known fashion, e.g., using a BYK Haze-Gard plus instrument. Reference is made to ASTM D 1003-00: Standard Test method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastics, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 preferably have a visible transmittance of greater than 90%.
  • the visible transmittance of each aerogel sheet 200 can optionally be greater than 90%.
  • the visible transmittance is greater than 92%, greater than 95%, or even up to 97%, for each aerogel sheet 200.
  • visible transmittance is well known in the art and is used herein in accordance with its well-known meaning to refer to the percentage of all incident visible radiation that is transmitted through an object (e.g., through an aerogel sheet 200). Visible radiation constitutes the wavelength range of between about 380 nm and about 780 nm. Visible transmittance, as well as visible reflectance, can be determined in accordance with NFRC 300-2017, Standard Test Method for Determining the Solar and Infrared Optical Properties of Glazing Materials and Fading Resistance of Systems. The well-known LBNL WINDOW 7.4 computer program can be used in calculating these and other reported optical properties.
  • Each aerogel sheet 200 preferably exhibits a transmitted color characterized by “a” and “b” color coordinates that are each between -2 and 2.
  • the present discussion of color properties is reported using the well-known color coordinates of “a” and “b.”
  • the color coordinates are indicated herein using the subscript h (i.e., ah and bh) to represent the conventional use of the well-known Hunter Lab Color System (Hunter methods/units, Ill. D65, 10 degree observer).
  • the present color properties can be calculated as specified in “Insight on Color,” “Hunter L, a, b Color Scale,” Applications Note, Vol. 8, No. 9, 06/08 (2008), the relevant teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • each aerogel sheet 200 has a low density. In certain embodiments, each aerogel sheet 200 has a density of less than 250 kg/m 3 . In some embodiments, each aerogel sheet 200 has a density of less than 235 kg/m 3 , such as less than 220 kg/m 3 , or even less than 200 kg/m 3 .
  • each aerogel sheet 200 also have a low thermal conductivity.
  • each aerogel sheet 200 has a thermal conductivity at atmospheric pressure of less than 0.015 W/(m K) but greater than or equal to 0.006 W/(m K).
  • each aerogel sheet 200 has a thermal conductivity at atmospheric pressure of less than 0.03 W/(m K) but greater than or equal to 0.006 W/(m K).
  • each aerogel sheet 200 has an R value of between 0.9 and 3.8 ft 2 o F h/BTU.
  • the R value of each aerogel sheet 200 (in imperial units) can be calculated by dividing the thickness of the aerogel sheet 200 (in meters) by the thermal conductivity, and then multiplying that value by 5.7.
  • the aerogel can be cellulose-based aerogel, e.g., of the nature described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2019/0055373, entitled “Bacterial Cellulose Gels, Process for Producing and Methods of Use.” Such aerogels can have all of the properties and features described above.
  • the aerogel can optionally be cellulose-based aerogel.
  • another option is for the aerogel 200 to comprise silica, e.g., of the nature described U.S. Patent Application No. 63/318,165, entitled “Silica Wet Gel and Aerogel Materials.” These aerogels can have all the properties and features described above.
  • the aerogel can optionally be silica-based aerogel. More generally, any suitable aerogel material can be used in the present embodiments.
  • the first 100 and second 110 glass sheets are part of a laminated glass assembly 80 (e.g., a laminated glass panel) that comprises at least two glass sheets, a polymer interlayer 400, and one or more aerogel sheets 200.
  • a laminated glass assembly 80 e.g., a laminated glass panel
  • the aerogel sheets 200 preferably are arranged in a tiled configuration between the two glass sheets 100, 110.
  • the laminated glass assembly also includes a spacer. In other cases, the spacer is omitted and the laminated glass assembly just has one or more beads of sealant at the perimeter of the assembly.
  • both glass sheets 100, 110 can be clear 3 mm soda-lime float glass and the polymer interlayer 400 can be 0.30 inch thick PVB. It is to be appreciated, however, that these details are by no means limiting.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 of the laminated glass assembly 80 can be arranged in the same manner, and have the same dimensions and material properties, as the aerogel sheet(s) 200 described above for the multiple-pane insulating glazing unit 40.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 can cover a majority of the unit area (and of the vision area) of the laminated glass assembly 80.
  • the aerogel sheets 200 are arranged in a tiled configuration characterized by each of the aerogel sheets 200 being spaced from an adjacent one (or a plurality of adjacent ones) of the aerogel sheets 200 by a gap distance of no greater than 5 mm.
  • one or more muntin bars can optionally be positioned to conceal such gap(s) from view.
  • a tiled configuration is characterized by each of the aerogel sheets 200 being in edge-to-edge contact with an adjacent one of the aerogel sheets.
  • the polymer interlayer 400 preferably is a tear-resistant polymer layer. In some cases, it is a sheet of ionoplast plastic. In other cases, it is a sheet of polyvinyl butyral (PVB). Various other materials known to be suitable for the interlayer of a laminated glass panel can also be used. [0107] In some of the present laminated glass embodiments, there may be no spacer such that only one or more beads of sealant (optionally provided with a moisture vapor barrier) encompass the aerogel sheet(s) 200.
  • a laminated glass assembly is produced through two operations: (1) an assembly operation, and (2) an autoclave operation.
  • the assembly operation the interlayer is positioned between two glass substrates to form a sandwich, which is then heated (commonly to a temperature of between about 120 °F and about 170 °F) and roller pressed to initiate removal of air trapped between the interlayer and to initiate adhesion of the interlayer to the glass.
  • the autoclave operation the sandwich is exposed to an elevated temperature (commonly between about 275 °F and about 300 °F) and an elevated atmospheric pressure (commonly between about 150 psig and about 190 psig) until there is complete adhesion of the interlayer to the glass and complete dissolution of air trapped within the interlayer. It is not uncommon for the autoclave operation to last two hours or four hours per treatment.
  • Various autoclave methods are known to skilled artisans.
  • a laminated glass assembly 80 there are two polymer interlayers 400.
  • one or more aerogel sheets 200 are sandwiched between, and laminated to, the two polymer interlayers 400.
  • the polymer interlayers 400 are each in contact with one of the glass sheets 100, 110 on opposite sides of the aerogel sheet(s) 200.
  • the interlayer/aerogel/interlayer arrangement may be assembled and laminated in a single operation, or it may be assembled in a separate operation prior to being laminated.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 are adhered directly to one of the two glass sheets 100, 110. Reference is made to the non-limiting example of FIG. 7.
  • the polymer interlayer(s) are omitted, and the aerogel replaces the interlayer(s) in the laminate.
  • the lamination process still takes place, but lamination occurs at a lower pressure than it does for the other laminated embodiments.
  • the laminated glass assembly 80 is made by a non-autoclave process of the nature described in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,117,914 and 7,143,800, the teachings of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • each substrate being a glass sheet
  • other substrate types e.g., polycarbonate or other polymeric materials
  • This disclosure also provides methods for producing the present optical devices.
  • a first glass sheet 100 having a surface 120, and a second glass sheet 110 having a surface 130 are provided.
  • the aerogel sheet(s) 200 can be produced in accordance with any conventional method, optionally in accordance with U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2019/0055373, entitled “Bacterial Cellulose Gels, Process for Producing and Methods of Use.”
  • Another possibility is for the aerogel sheet(s) 200 to be produced in accordance with U.S. Patent Application No. 63/318,165, entitled “Silica Wet Gel and Aerogel Materials.”
  • Various other processes are known for producing a sheet of silica aerogel. Any suitable aerogel material can be used.
  • the resulting aerogel sheet(s) 200 can be adhered to surface 120 of the first glass sheet 100 (e.g., through van der Waals forces, and/or by using an optical adhesive).
  • an aerogel sheet is adhered to a central region of a glass sheet by van der Waals forces (i.e., without an adhesive being provided at the central region) while being adhered to a perimeter region of the glass sheet by adhesive 900.
  • adhesive 900 is applied such that, in the resulting IG unit, it is only located between a perimeter region of a face 200F of the aerogel sheet 200 and an interior surface (120 or 130) of one of the glass sheets 100, 110. In such cases, the rest of face 200F can be devoid of adhesive and adhered to the noted interior surface (120 or 130) by van der Waals forces.
  • adhesive 900 may be applied only to a desired perimeter region of the noted interior surface (120 or 130), and the aerogel sheet 200 may thereafter be pressed against that interior surface.
  • the application of adhesive 900 can be done manually or by using an automated adhesive applicator.
  • the aerogel is made in standard size molds and is cut to the size and shape required.
  • the aerogel can be made in open-top molds of a desired shape and size. After drying, the aerogel can be adhered to the glass either a) directly from the mold; b) after removing the aerogel from the mold; or c) after transferring the aerogel from the mold to some other container and then to the glass.
  • the aerogel may be placed either manually or, more preferably, with robotics. In some embodiments, the aerogel is adhered to a temporary surface for handling and placement.
  • the aerogel can be picked-up using electrostatic adhesion, e.g., using commercially available Stackit robots manufactured by Grabit, Inc. (Sunnyvale, California, U.S.A.).
  • a low-emissivity coating 70 preferably is deposited on surface 130 of the second glass sheet 110.
  • a transparent conductive oxide coating 85 can optionally be deposited on surface 125 of the first glass sheet 100.
  • These coatings can be deposited using any thin film deposition technique suitable for depositing the desired film materials at the desired thicknesses.
  • both coatings 70, 85 are deposited by sputtering. Sputtering is well known. One preferred sputtering method is DC magnetron sputtering. Reference is made to Chapin’s U.S. Patent No. 4,166,018, the teachings of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • one or both coatings 70, 85 can be sputtered by AC or pulsed DC from a pair of cathodes. HiPIMS and other modern sputtering methods may also be used. If desired, one or both coatings 70, 85 can be omitted.
  • the two glass sheets 100, 110 can then be assembled together, using any well-known conventional techniques, with a spacer 60 and one or more edge sealants 55, 58.
  • a spacer 60 can be a conventional metal channel member spacer, e.g., formed of aluminum or stainless steel.
  • a thermally-insulative gas mix e.g., argon mixed with air
  • the gas gap can be evacuated to a desired vacuum level, optionally a moderate vacuum level, so as to further enhance the thermal insulation properties of the IG unit.
  • the IG unit may be a double or triple glazing.
  • the IGunit is a double glazing, and thus is devoid of a third pane.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de vitrage isolant qui comprend deux feuilles de verre et une feuille d'aérogel située entre les deux feuilles de verre. La feuille d'aérogel est collée à une surface intérieure de l'une des deux feuilles de verre par un adhésif, de sorte qu'une face de la feuille d'aérogel est portée le long de la surface intérieure et a une portion qui est dépourvue de l'adhésif. Dans certains cas, l'adhésif se trouve à l'extérieur d'une zone de vision de l'unité. Dans certains cas, l'adhésif fixant la feuille d'aérogel à la surface intérieure est en contact avec la première face de la feuille d'aérogel, et l'adhésif est en contact à moins de 10 % avec la première face de la feuille d'aérogel. En outre, certains modes de réalisation concernent un ensemble vitrage qui comprend un châssis et une unité de vitrage isolant montée dans le châssis de sorte qu'une zone de vision de l'ensemble vitrage est située à l'intérieur du châssis.
PCT/US2023/077387 2022-10-21 2023-10-20 Technologie d'adhérence de vitrage en aérogel et d'unité de vitrage isolant WO2024086773A1 (fr)

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US17/971,176 US20230050347A1 (en) 2020-08-07 2022-10-21 Aerogel Glazing Adhesion and IG Unit Technology
US17/971,176 2022-10-21

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Citations (12)

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