WO2024084142A1 - Motor vehicle comprising a turbo engine equipped with a generator and a reduction gear, and method based on such a vehicle - Google Patents

Motor vehicle comprising a turbo engine equipped with a generator and a reduction gear, and method based on such a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024084142A1
WO2024084142A1 PCT/FR2023/051367 FR2023051367W WO2024084142A1 WO 2024084142 A1 WO2024084142 A1 WO 2024084142A1 FR 2023051367 W FR2023051367 W FR 2023051367W WO 2024084142 A1 WO2024084142 A1 WO 2024084142A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
motor vehicle
vehicle according
axis
working axis
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Application number
PCT/FR2023/051367
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Wissam Bou Nader
Janusz Ormezowski
Grzegorz MITUKIEWICZ
Damian Batory
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Stellantis Auto Sas
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Publication of WO2024084142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024084142A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/20—Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for driving vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H13/00—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
    • F16H13/06—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H13/00—Gearing for conveying rotary motion with constant gear ratio by friction between rotary members
    • F16H13/10—Means for influencing the pressure between the members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05D2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05D2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05D2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclical, planetary or differential type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of gas turbine cycle type turbogenerator devices and systems, integrated into a vehicle.
  • the gas turbine cycle with cooler, recuperator and reheater is a cycle with great potential for automotive applications. This cycle makes it possible to achieve high efficiency but also high power density (high specific net work).
  • turbogenerator into an electric vehicle presents difficulties. Indeed, the engine speed of turbomachines is generally very high, often above 100,000 RPM. To convert the rotation of the turbomachine into electrical energy, a specific electrical machine is required.
  • an objective of the invention is to remedy the defects of the prior art and to propose a solution making it possible to use a usual electrical machine on a turbine of a turbocharger so as to convert the energy of the rotations of the turbine into electrical energy.
  • the invention proposes a motor vehicle comprising a turbomachine which comprises:
  • turbomachine further comprises a reduction gear on the working axis.
  • the invention proposes a turbogenerator with a high-speed friction reduction system.
  • This reducer is integrated into the turbogenerator at the level of the turbomachines, which makes it possible to reduce the rotation speed and therefore to use a usual electric machine and especially expensive usual power electronics.
  • the invention also applies to other technical fields where a high speed reduction gear is necessary.
  • the invention makes it possible to reduce the output speed of the turbomachine and to couple it to an electric machine at low speed.
  • said reduction gear is arranged between the generator and the turbine or the compressor.
  • said gearbox is a planetary gearbox.
  • said gearbox comprises a frame, a sun gear of conical shape, a planetary gear of spherical shape, a transmission axis, and a gear wheel of conical shape.
  • said gearbox comprises a first adjustable locking screw controlling the sliding and the stresses between the contact points at the gear wheel and the planetary gear, the first locking screw acting on the gear wheel through a tension/force sensor, and through a lever, a helical spring and a pressure piston.
  • said gearbox comprises a second locking screw controlling the sliding and the stresses at the level of the sun gear and the planetary gear, the second locking screw acting on the sun gear through a tension/force sensor, a specific lever and a bearing.
  • said bearing is of the spindle bearing type.
  • the solar gear operating at high speed transmits the power and the torque, through the transmission axis of the planetary gear, the gear wheel being secured to the frame through a toothing of clutch, and being movable in the axial direction along the working axis.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a turbomachine for a motor vehicle according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • FIG.2 schematically illustrates a view in space of the reducer in Figure 1;
  • FIG.3 schematically illustrates a first example of a turbomachine implemented in the invention
  • FIG.4 schematically illustrates a second example of a turbomachine implemented in the invention.
  • the invention proposes a high-speed planetary and friction reduction gear on a turbogenerator axis, making it possible to reduce the rotational speed of an output shaft.
  • Said planetary friction gearbox is intended to reduce the rotational speed of a turbomachine axis rotating at very high speed.
  • This device is compatible with a turbomachine, said turbomachine can be installed in an electric vehicle and making it possible to supply the vehicle with electricity, or in a thermal vehicle or in other possible applications such as an electric generator or power unit auxiliary power unit (APU), in particular for planes, boats, buses, etc.
  • APU power unit auxiliary power unit
  • the objective of the invention is to propose this device which makes it possible to reduce the complexity of manufacturing the turbomachine and consequently that of the vehicle.
  • the turbomachine may be a single or booster compressor, a double-stage compressor, a double compressor, two or more compressors coupled on the same shaft, a single turbine, a turbine with one or more stages or two or more turbines coupled together.
  • the turbomachine can also be a simple turbocharger made up of a compressor and a turbine, a double compression stage coupled to a turbine, a single compressor coupled to a double turbine or any variant formed by the assembly of compressor and turbine.
  • Compressors and turbines can be radial or axial technologies.
  • Said reducer can be coupled on the turbine side (called hot side) or on the compressor side (called cold side).
  • the coupling of the device can be on the compressor side with double compression stage, or on the compressor side with double expansion stage.
  • the planetary friction gearbox comprises a frame 1, a sun gear 2 (or “sun gear” in English) with a conical shape, at least one planetary gear 3 (or “planet gear” in English) of spherical shape, a transmission axis 4 (or “carrier shaft” in English), and a gear wheel 5 (or “ring gear” in English) of conical shape.
  • the frictional contact between the sun gear 2 and the planetary gears 3 (in the preferred embodiment, there are three planetary gears 3), and between the planetary gears 3 and the gear wheel 5 are different and independent.
  • the friction angles as well as the Hertz pressures can be optimized independently (choice of materials, radii of curvature). Likewise, cooling can be improved.
  • the sliding (and the constraints) at the level of the sun gear 2 and the planetary gears 3 are controlled by a screw which acts on the sun gear 2 through a tension / effort sensor, a lever specific and a bearing 12, said bearing 12 being of the spindle bearing type.
  • the gearbox can operate dry or lubricated.
  • the power is transmitted from the sun gear 2, operating at high speed, through the planetary gears 3 of the transmission axis 4.
  • the gear wheel 5 does not rotate, it is attached to the gearbox frame through a sort of dog teeth connection/spline in English); it is mobile in the axial direction.
  • the reduction ratio is 10 (for a slip rate of 0).
  • Friction contacts can be created and controlled using an active or passive system (for example an electrical, or mechanical, or hydraulic or magnetic or other actuator). This makes it possible to adapt the friction at any time according to the torques (or input-output power).
  • the mechanism proposed in this presented architecture is equipped with a passive control mechanism.
  • the sun gear 2 with a conical shape is fixed by a radial bearing 6 on one side and suspended by three friction contacts with the sun gears on the other side.
  • a radial bearing 6 on one side and suspended by three friction contacts with the sun gears on the other side.
  • magnetic bearings as solid segments
  • mechanical contacts to eliminate friction (power dissipation through heating). This makes it possible to considerably increase the mechanical efficiency of the device.
  • the device makes it possible to adapt the rate of friction during normal operation and as a function of the torque transmitted, which makes it possible to increase mechanical efficiency by controlling friction at all times;
  • the device is compatible with magnetic transmissions
  • the device makes it possible to achieve very high reduction rates, by adapting the diameters of the gears, preferably non-toothed.
  • thermodynamic architectures of turbochargers using a recuperator using a recuperator.
  • RKT recuperative gas turbine
  • turbogenerator of the invention can be applied to different non-automobile applications.

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor vehicle comprising a turbo engine which comprises: - at least one turbine and/or at least one compressor, arranged on a working axis, - an electric generator rotatably coupled to the working axis, characterised in that the turbo engine further comprises a reduction gear on the working axis. The invention further relates to a manufacturing method based on such a vehicle.

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE DE L’INVENTION : VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE COMPRENANT UNE TURBOAAACHINE EQUIPEE D’UN GENERATEUR ET D’UN REDUCTEUR ET PROCEDE SUR LA BASE D’UN TEL VEHICULE TITLE OF THE INVENTION: MOTOR VEHICLE COMPRISING A TURBOAAACHINE EQUIPPED WITH A GENERATOR AND A REDUCER AND METHOD ON THE BASIS OF SUCH A VEHICLE
[001] La présente invention revendique la priorité de la demande française N ° 2210910 déposée le 21.10.2022 dont le contenu (texte, dessins et revendications) est ici incorporé par référence. [001] The present invention claims the priority of French application No. 2210910 filed on 10/21/2022, the content of which (text, drawings and claims) is here incorporated by reference.
[002] L’invention se rapporte au domaine des dispositifs et systèmes de turbogénérateur du type à cycle de turbine à gaz, intégrés à un véhicule. [002] The invention relates to the field of gas turbine cycle type turbogenerator devices and systems, integrated into a vehicle.
[003] Les convertisseurs d’énergie de type turbine à gaz sont largement étudiés en ce moment comme prolongateur d’autonomie (« range extender >> en langue anglaise) dans les véhicules hybrides de série. Ce convertisseur peut opérer en mode APU (pour Unité de Puissance Auxiliaire ou « Auxiliary Power Unit >> en langue anglaise) où son rôle est de recharger les batteries d’un véhicule électrique. Il est ainsi mécaniquement découplé de la chaîne de traction et fonctionne sur son point de rendement maximal. [003] Gas turbine type energy converters are currently being widely studied as range extenders in production hybrid vehicles. This converter can operate in APU mode (for Auxiliary Power Unit) where its role is to recharge the batteries of an electric vehicle. It is thus mechanically decoupled from the traction chain and operates at its maximum efficiency point.
[004] Plusieurs cycles sont en cours d’investigation, y compris les cycles récupératifs simples (RGT pour turbine à gaz récupérative ou « Recuperative Gas Turbine >>), mais aussi les cycles récupératifs à refroidisseur (IRGT) et les cycles avec refroidisseur, récupérateur et réchauffe ou « Intercooled Recuperative Reheat Gas Turbine >> en langue anglaise). [004] Several cycles are currently being investigated, including simple recuperative cycles (RGT for recuperative gas turbine or “Recuperative Gas Turbine”), but also recuperative cycles with a cooler (IRGT) and cycles with a cooler, recuperator and reheat or “Intercooled Recuperative Reheat Gas Turbine” in English).
[005] Le cycle de turbine à gaz avec refroidisseur, récupérateur et réchauffe (IRReGT) est un cycle à fort potentiel pour les applications automobiles. Ce cycle permet d’atteindre un rendement important mais aussi une densité de puissance élevée (travail net spécifique élevé). [005] The gas turbine cycle with cooler, recuperator and reheater (IRReGT) is a cycle with great potential for automotive applications. This cycle makes it possible to achieve high efficiency but also high power density (high specific net work).
[006] L'intégration du turbogénérateur dans un véhicule électrique présentes des difficultés. En effet, le régime moteur des turbomachines est généralement très élevé, souvent supérieur à 100.000 RPM. Pour convertir la rotation de la turbomachine en énergie électrique, il faut une machine électrique spécifique. [006] The integration of the turbogenerator into an electric vehicle presents difficulties. Indeed, the engine speed of turbomachines is generally very high, often above 100,000 RPM. To convert the rotation of the turbomachine into electrical energy, a specific electrical machine is required.
[007] En outre, cette intégration nécessite d’utiliser un système électronique de puissance spécifique, non disponible facilement, pour traiter de la haute fréquence et réaliser une ondulation à une tension acceptable par la batterie du véhicule. [007] Furthermore, this integration requires using a specific power electronic system, not easily available, to process high frequency and achieve ripple at a voltage acceptable to the vehicle battery.
[008] Ainsi, un objectif de l’invention est de remédier les défauts de l’art antérieur et de proposer une solution permettant d’utiliser une machine électrique usuelle sur une turbine d’un turbocompresseur de sorte à convertir l’énergie des rotations de la turbine en énergie électrique. [008] Thus, an objective of the invention is to remedy the defects of the prior art and to propose a solution making it possible to use a usual electrical machine on a turbine of a turbocharger so as to convert the energy of the rotations of the turbine into electrical energy.
[009] Pour atteindre cet objectif, l’invention propose un véhicule automobile comprenant une turbomachine qui comprend : [009] To achieve this objective, the invention proposes a motor vehicle comprising a turbomachine which comprises:
- au moins une turbine et/ou au moins un compresseur, disposé sur un axe de travail, - at least one turbine and/or at least one compressor, arranged on a working axis,
- un générateur électrique couplé rotativement à l’axe de travail, caractérisé en ce que la turbomachine comprend en outre un réducteur sur l’axe de travail. - an electric generator rotatably coupled to the working axis, characterized in that the turbomachine further comprises a reduction gear on the working axis.
[010] Avantageusement, l’invention propose un turbogénérateur avec un système de réduction à friction à haute vitesse. Ce réducteur s'intégre au turbogénérateur au niveau des turbomachines, ce qui permet de réduire le régime de rotation et d'utiliser par conséquent, une machine électrique usuelle et surtout une électronique de puissance usuelle coûteuse. [010] Advantageously, the invention proposes a turbogenerator with a high-speed friction reduction system. This reducer is integrated into the turbogenerator at the level of the turbomachines, which makes it possible to reduce the rotation speed and therefore to use a usual electric machine and especially expensive usual power electronics.
[011] L’invention s’applique également à d’autres domaines techniques où un réducteur haute vitesse est nécessaire. [011] The invention also applies to other technical fields where a high speed reduction gear is necessary.
[012] De plus l’invention permet de réduire le régime de sortie de la turbomachine et de se coupler à une machine électrique à faible régime. [012] Furthermore, the invention makes it possible to reduce the output speed of the turbomachine and to couple it to an electric machine at low speed.
[013] Cette proposition est valable pour toute turbomachines quelles que soient leur architecture : GT (simple Gas Turbine), RGT (Recuperative Gas Turbine), IRGT (Intercooled Recuperative Gas Turbine), IRReGT (Intercooled Recuperative Reheat Gas Turbine), etc... [013] This proposal is valid for all turbomachines whatever their architecture: GT (simple Gas Turbine), RGT (Recuperative Gas Turbine), IRGT (Intercooled Recuperative Gas Turbine), IRReGT (Intercooled Recuperative Reheat Gas Turbine), etc. .
[014] Selon une variante, ledit réducteur est disposé entre le générateur et la turbine ou le compresseur. [014] According to a variant, said reduction gear is arranged between the generator and the turbine or the compressor.
[015] Cela permet de réduire directement le régime de l’axe de travail à proximité du générateur. [015] This makes it possible to directly reduce the speed of the work axis near the generator.
[016] Selon une variante, ledit réducteur est un réducteur planétaire. [016] According to a variant, said gearbox is a planetary gearbox.
[017] Cela permet de limiter l’encombrement de l’assemblage. [018] Selon une variante, ledit réducteur comprend un bâti, un engrenage solaire de forme conique, un engrenage planétaire de forme sphérique, un axe de transmission, et une roue d’engrenage de forme conique. [017] This makes it possible to limit the size of the assembly. [018] According to a variant, said gearbox comprises a frame, a sun gear of conical shape, a planetary gear of spherical shape, a transmission axis, and a gear wheel of conical shape.
[019] Cela permet d’avoir un système pleinement fonctionnel de réduction. [019] This makes it possible to have a fully functional reduction system.
[020] Selon une variante, ledit réducteur comprend une première vis de blocage réglable contrôlant le glissement et les contraintes entre les points de contact au niveau de la roue d’engrenage, et de l’engrenage planétaire, la première vis de blocage agissant sur la roue d’engrenage à travers un capteur de tension / effort, et à travers d’un levier, un ressort hélicoïdal et un piston de pression. [020] According to a variant, said gearbox comprises a first adjustable locking screw controlling the sliding and the stresses between the contact points at the gear wheel and the planetary gear, the first locking screw acting on the gear wheel through a tension/force sensor, and through a lever, a helical spring and a pressure piston.
[021] Cela permet de contrôler aisément ledit glissement et lesdites contraintes. En outre, cela permet de réduire la sensibilité pour la non-coaxialité parfaite (erreur d'alignement) des engrenages. [021] This makes it possible to easily control said sliding and said constraints. Additionally, this helps reduce sensitivity for perfect non-coaxiality (alignment error) of gears.
[022] Selon une variante, ledit réducteur comprend une deuxième vis de blocage contrôlant le glissement et les contraintes au niveau de l’engrenage solaire et de l’engrenage planétaire, la deuxième vis de blocage agissant sur l’engrenage solaire à travers d’un capteur de tension / effort, un levier spécifique et un roulement. [022] According to a variant, said gearbox comprises a second locking screw controlling the sliding and the stresses at the level of the sun gear and the planetary gear, the second locking screw acting on the sun gear through a tension/force sensor, a specific lever and a bearing.
[023] Cela permet de contrôler aisément ledit glissement et lesdites contraintes. [023] This makes it possible to easily control said sliding and said constraints.
[024] Selon une variante, ledit roulement est de type palier de broche. [024] According to a variant, said bearing is of the spindle bearing type.
[025] Selon une variante, l’engrenage solaire opérant à haute vitesse, transmets la puissance et le couple, à travers l’axe de transmission de l’engrenage planétaire, la roue d’engrenage étant solidaire du bâti à travers une denture de crabot, et étant mobile selon la direction axiale suivant l’axe de travail. [025] According to a variant, the solar gear operating at high speed, transmits the power and the torque, through the transmission axis of the planetary gear, the gear wheel being secured to the frame through a toothing of clutch, and being movable in the axial direction along the working axis.
[026] L’invention concerne en outre un procédé de fabrication d’une turbomachine pour un véhicule automobile selon l’invention, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend les étapes suivantes : [026] The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing a turbomachine for a motor vehicle according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- mettre en place au moins une turbine et/ou au moins un compresseur, disposé sur l’axe de travail, - install at least one turbine and/or at least one compressor, placed on the working axis,
- un générateur électrique couplé rotativement à l’axe de travail, - an electric generator rotatably coupled to the work axis,
- coupler rotativement un générateur électrique à l’axe de travail, - rotatably couple an electric generator to the work axis,
- coupler en outre un réducteur sur l’axe de travail. - additionally couple a reducer on the working axis.
[027] L’invention sera davantage détaillée par la description de modes de réalisation non limitatifs, et sur la base des figures annexées illustrant des variantes de l’invention, dans lesquelles : - [Fig.1 ] illustre un schéma interne d’un réducteur pour une turbomachine d’un véhicule selon un mode de réalisation préféré ; [027] The invention will be further detailed by the description of non-limiting embodiments, and on the basis of the appended figures illustrating variants of the invention, in which: - [Fig.1] illustrates an internal diagram of a reduction gear for a turbomachine of a vehicle according to a preferred embodiment;
- [Fig.2] illustre schématiquement une vue dans l’espace du réducteur de la figure 1 ; - [Fig.2] schematically illustrates a view in space of the reducer in Figure 1;
- [Fig.3] illustre schématiquement un premier exemple de turbomachine mise en oeuvre dans l’invention ; et - [Fig.3] schematically illustrates a first example of a turbomachine implemented in the invention; And
- [Fig.4] illustre schématiquement un second exemple de turbomachine mise en oeuvre dans l’invention. - [Fig.4] schematically illustrates a second example of a turbomachine implemented in the invention.
[028] L’invention propose un réducteur haute vitesse planétaire et à friction sur un axe de turbogénérateur, permettant de réduire le régime de rotation d’un arbre en sortie. Ledit réducteur planétaire à friction est destiné à réduire le régime de rotation d’un axe de turbomachine tournant à très haut régime. [028] The invention proposes a high-speed planetary and friction reduction gear on a turbogenerator axis, making it possible to reduce the rotational speed of an output shaft. Said planetary friction gearbox is intended to reduce the rotational speed of a turbomachine axis rotating at very high speed.
[029] On cherche à proposer un dispositif de réducteur qui permet de réduire le régime de rotation d'un axe tournant la très haut régime, notamment un axe d'une turbomachine. [029] We seek to propose a reduction device which makes it possible to reduce the rotational speed of an axis rotating at very high speed, in particular an axis of a turbomachine.
[030] Les turbomachines tournant à haut régime nécessitent des machines électriques spécifiques et une électronique de puissance dédiée, ladite électronique de puissance a pour rôle de traiter le signal haute fréquence pour avoir un signal compatible avec la bonne tension nécessaire au niveau de sortie. [030] Turbomachines rotating at high speed require specific electrical machines and dedicated power electronics, said power electronics has the role of processing the high frequency signal to have a signal compatible with the correct voltage necessary for the output level.
[031] Ce dispositif est compatible avec une turbomachine, ladite turbomachine peut être installée dans un véhicule électrique et permettant d'alimenter en électricité le véhicule, ou dans un véhicule thermique ou encore dans d’autres applications possibles type générateur électrique ou unité de puissance auxiliaire (Auxiliary Power Unit - APU), notamment pour des avions, des bateaux, des bus, etc. [031] This device is compatible with a turbomachine, said turbomachine can be installed in an electric vehicle and making it possible to supply the vehicle with electricity, or in a thermal vehicle or in other possible applications such as an electric generator or power unit auxiliary power unit (APU), in particular for planes, boats, buses, etc.
[032] Ainsi l'objectif de l'invention est de proposer ce dispositif ce qui permet de réduire la complexité de la fabrication de la turbomachine et par conséquent celle du véhicule. [032] Thus the objective of the invention is to propose this device which makes it possible to reduce the complexity of manufacturing the turbomachine and consequently that of the vehicle.
[033] Ce dispositif proposé peut être couplé à tout type de turbomachine. La turbomachine pourra être un compresseur simple ou booster, un compresseur double étage, double compresseur, deux ou plusieurs compresseurs couplés sur le même arbre, une turbine simple, une turbine à un ou plusieurs étages ou deux ou plusieurs turbines couplées ensemble. La turbomachine peut être également un turbocompresseur simple formé d'un compresseur et d'une turbine, d'un double étage de compression couplé à une turbine, d'un compresseur simple couplé à double turbine ou toute variante formée par l'assemblage de compresseur et de turbine. [033] This proposed device can be coupled to any type of turbomachine. The turbomachine may be a single or booster compressor, a double-stage compressor, a double compressor, two or more compressors coupled on the same shaft, a single turbine, a turbine with one or more stages or two or more turbines coupled together. The turbomachine can also be a simple turbocharger made up of a compressor and a turbine, a double compression stage coupled to a turbine, a single compressor coupled to a double turbine or any variant formed by the assembly of compressor and turbine.
[034] Les compresseurs et les turbines peuvent être de technologies radiales ou axiales. [034] Compressors and turbines can be radial or axial technologies.
[035] Ledit réducteur peut être couplé côté turbine (dit côté chaud) ou côté compresseur (dit côté froid). Le couplage du dispositif peut être côté compresseur avec double étage de compression, ou côté compresseur avec doublé étage de détente. [035] Said reducer can be coupled on the turbine side (called hot side) or on the compressor side (called cold side). The coupling of the device can be on the compressor side with double compression stage, or on the compressor side with double expansion stage.
[036] Le réducteur planétaire à friction comprend un bâti 1 , un engrenage solaire 2 (ou « sun gear >> en langue anglaise) avec une forme conique, au moins un engrenage planétaire 3 (ou « planet gear >> en langue anglaise) de forme sphérique, un axe de transmission 4 (ou « carrier shaft >> en langue anglaise), et une roue d’engrenage 5 (ou « ring gear >> en langue anglaise) de forme conique. [036] The planetary friction gearbox comprises a frame 1, a sun gear 2 (or "sun gear" in English) with a conical shape, at least one planetary gear 3 (or "planet gear" in English) of spherical shape, a transmission axis 4 (or "carrier shaft" in English), and a gear wheel 5 (or "ring gear" in English) of conical shape.
[037] Le choix des géométries de contact (sphérique vs conique) offre une solution qui permet de réduire la sensibilité pour la non-coaxialité parfaite (erreur d'alignement) des engrenages. [037] The choice of contact geometries (spherical vs conical) offers a solution which makes it possible to reduce the sensitivity for perfect non-coaxiality (alignment error) of the gears.
[038] Le contact par frottement entre l’engrenage solaire 2 et les engrenages planétaires 3 (dans le mode de réalisation préféré, il y a trois engrenage planétaire 3), et entre les engrenages planétaires 3 et la roue d’engrenage 5 sont différents et indépendants. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, les angles de frottement ainsi que les pressions de Hertz peuvent être optimisés indépendamment (choix des matériaux, des rayons de courbure). De même le refroidissement peut être amélioré. [038] The frictional contact between the sun gear 2 and the planetary gears 3 (in the preferred embodiment, there are three planetary gears 3), and between the planetary gears 3 and the gear wheel 5 are different and independent. In the illustrated embodiment, the friction angles as well as the Hertz pressures can be optimized independently (choice of materials, radii of curvature). Likewise, cooling can be improved.
[039] Le glissement (et les contraintes) entre les points de contact au niveau de la roue d’engrenage 5 et des engrenages planétaires 3 sont contrôlés par une vis 7 réglable et qui agit sur la roue d’engrenage 5 à travers d'un capteur de tension / effort 8, et à travers d'un levier 9, un ressort hélicoïdal 10 et un piston de pression 11 . [039] The sliding (and the stresses) between the contact points at the gear wheel 5 and the planetary gears 3 are controlled by an adjustable screw 7 which acts on the gear wheel 5 through a tension/force sensor 8, and through a lever 9, a helical spring 10 and a pressure piston 11.
[040] Par ailleurs, le glissement (et les contraintes) au niveau de l’engrenage solaire 2 et des engrenages planétaires 3 sont contrôlés par une vis qui agit sur l’engrenage solaire 2 à travers un capteur de tension / effort, un levier spécifique et un roulement 12, ledit roulement 12 étant de type palier de broche. [040] Furthermore, the sliding (and the constraints) at the level of the sun gear 2 and the planetary gears 3 are controlled by a screw which acts on the sun gear 2 through a tension / effort sensor, a lever specific and a bearing 12, said bearing 12 being of the spindle bearing type.
[041] Le réducteur peut opérer à sec ou lubrifié. [041] The gearbox can operate dry or lubricated.
[042] Dans le cas de fonctionnement en mode réducteur, la puissance (couple) est transmise de l’engrenage solaire 2, opérant à haute vitesse, à travers les engrenages planétaires 3 de l’axe de transmission 4. La roue d’engrenage 5 ne tourne pas, elle est solidaire du bâti du réducteur à travers une sorte de denture de crabot (ou « dog teeth connection/spline >> en langue anglaise) ; elle est mobile selon la direction axiale. [042] In the case of operation in reduction mode, the power (torque) is transmitted from the sun gear 2, operating at high speed, through the planetary gears 3 of the transmission axis 4. The gear wheel 5 does not rotate, it is attached to the gearbox frame through a sort of dog teeth connection/spline in English); it is mobile in the axial direction.
[043] Dans l'architecture présentée, le rapport de réduction est de 10 (pour un taux de glissement de 0). Les contacts de frottement peuvent être créés et contrôlés à l'aide d'un système actif ou passif (par exemple un actuateur électrique, ou mécanique, ou hydraulique ou magnétique ou autre). Cela permet d'adapter à tout instant le frottement en fonction des couples (ou puissance entrée-sortie). Le mécanisme proposé dans cette architecture présentée est équipé d'un mécanisme de control passive. [043] In the architecture presented, the reduction ratio is 10 (for a slip rate of 0). Friction contacts can be created and controlled using an active or passive system (for example an electrical, or mechanical, or hydraulic or magnetic or other actuator). This makes it possible to adapt the friction at any time according to the torques (or input-output power). The mechanism proposed in this presented architecture is equipped with a passive control mechanism.
[044] L’engrenage solaire 2 avec une forme conique est fixé par un roulement radial 6 d'un côté et suspendu par trois contacts de frottement avec les planétaires de l'autre côté. Il y a une possibilité d'utiliser des roulements magnétiques (comme segments solide) à la place des contacts mécanique pour supprimer les frottements (dissipation de la puissance par échauffement). Cela permet d'augmenter considérablement le rendement mécanique du dispositif. [044] The sun gear 2 with a conical shape is fixed by a radial bearing 6 on one side and suspended by three friction contacts with the sun gears on the other side. There is a possibility of using magnetic bearings (as solid segments) instead of mechanical contacts to eliminate friction (power dissipation through heating). This makes it possible to considerably increase the mechanical efficiency of the device.
[045] Les avantages techniques sont les suivants : [045] The technical advantages are as follows:
- Réduction du coût de l'électronique de puissance du faite d'utilisation d'une machine électrique à faible régime ; - Reduction in the cost of power electronics due to the use of a low-speed electric machine;
- le dispositif permet d'adapter le taux de frottement durant le fonctionnement normal et en fonction du couple transmis, ce qui permet d'augmenter le rendement mécanique en contrôlant à tout instant les frottements ; - the device makes it possible to adapt the rate of friction during normal operation and as a function of the torque transmitted, which makes it possible to increase mechanical efficiency by controlling friction at all times;
- le dispositif est compatible avec des transmissions magnétiques ; - the device is compatible with magnetic transmissions;
- le dispositif permet d'atteindre les taux de réduction très élevés, en adaptant les diamètres des engrenages, de préférence non-dentés. - the device makes it possible to achieve very high reduction rates, by adapting the diameters of the gears, preferably non-toothed.
[046] La proposition est compatible avec toutes les architectures thermodynamiques de turbocompresseurs utilisant un récupérateur. Ci-dessous une liste non exhaustives de ces architectures : - architecture de turbine à gaz récupérative (RGT pour « Recuperative gas turbine >> en langue anglaise) ; [046] The proposal is compatible with all thermodynamic architectures of turbochargers using a recuperator. Below is a non-exhaustive list of these architectures: - recuperative gas turbine (RGT) architecture;
- architecture de turbine à gaz récupérative avec compression refroidie (IRGT- recuperative gas turbine architecture with cooled compression (IRGT
- pour « Intercooled Recuperative Gas Turbine >> en langue anglaise) ; - architecture de turbine à gaz avec compression refroidie, régénérateur et réchauffe durant la détente (RReGT - pour « Recuperative Reheat Gas Turbine >> en langue anglaise) ; - for “Intercooled Recuperative Gas Turbine” in English); - gas turbine architecture with cooled compression, regenerator and reheat during expansion (RReGT - for “Recoverative Reheat Gas Turbine” in English);
- architecture de turbine à gaz avec compression refroidie, régénérateur et réchauffe durant la détente (I RReGT - pour « Intercooled Regenerative Reheat Gas Turbine >> en langue anglaise). - gas turbine architecture with cooled compression, regenerator and heat during expansion (I RReGT - for “Intercooled Regenerative Reheat Gas Turbine” in English).
[047] Outre le domaine automobile, le turbogénérateur de l’invention peut être appliqué à différentes applications hors-automobile. [047] In addition to the automotive field, the turbogenerator of the invention can be applied to different non-automobile applications.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Véhicule automobile comprenant une turbomachine qui comprend :1. Motor vehicle comprising a turbomachine which includes:
- au moins une turbine (T1 ) et/ou au moins un compresseur (C1 ), disposé sur un axe de travail, - at least one turbine (T1) and/or at least one compressor (C1), arranged on a working axis,
- un générateur électrique (G1 ) couplé rotativement à l’axe de travail, caractérisé en ce que la turbomachine comprend en outre un réducteur (R) sur l’axe de travail (A). - an electric generator (G1) rotatably coupled to the working axis, characterized in that the turbomachine further comprises a reduction gear (R) on the working axis (A).
2. Véhicule automobile selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ledit réducteur est disposé entre le générateur (G1 ) et la turbine (T1 ) ou le compresseur (C1 ). 2. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that said reduction gear is arranged between the generator (G1) and the turbine (T1) or the compressor (C1).
3. Véhicule automobile l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit réducteur (R) est un réducteur planétaire. 3. Motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that said gearbox (R) is a planetary gearbox.
4. Véhicule automobile selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit réducteur comprend un bâti (1 ), un engrenage solaire (2) de forme conique, un engrenage planétaire (3) de forme sphérique, un axe de transmission (4), et une roue d’engrenage (5) de forme conique. 4. Motor vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that said reduction gear comprises a frame (1), a sun gear (2) of conical shape, a planetary gear (3) of spherical shape, a transmission axis (4), and a gear wheel (5) of conical shape.
5. Véhicule automobile selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit réducteur comprend une première vis de blocage (7) réglable contrôlant le glissement et les contraintes entre les points de contact au niveau de la roue d’engrenage (5), et de l’engrenage planétaire (3), la première vis de blocage5. Motor vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that said reduction gear comprises a first adjustable locking screw (7) controlling the sliding and the stresses between the contact points at the level of the gear wheel (5), and the planetary gear (3), the first locking screw
(7) agissant sur la roue d’engrenage (5) à travers un capteur de tension / effort(7) acting on the gear wheel (5) through a tension / effort sensor
(8), et à travers d’un levier (9), un ressort hélicoïdal (10) et un piston de pression (11 ). (8), and through a lever (9), a helical spring (10) and a pressure piston (11).
6. Véhicule automobile selon l’une quelconque des revendications 4 à 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit réducteur (R) comprend une deuxième vis de blocage contrôlant le glissement et les contraintes au niveau de l’engrenage solaire et de l’engrenage planétaire, la deuxième vis de blocage agissant sur l’engrenage solaire à travers d’un capteur de tension / effort, un levier spécifique et un roulement (12), 6. Motor vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that said reduction gear (R) comprises a second locking screw controlling the sliding and the stresses at the level of the sun gear and the planetary gear, the second locking screw acting on the sun gear through a tension/force sensor, a specific lever and a bearing (12),
7. Véhicule automobile selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit roulement (12) est de type palier de broche. 7. Motor vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that said bearing (12) is of the spindle bearing type.
8. Véhicule automobile selon l’une quelconque des revendications 4 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l’engrenage solaire opérant à haute vitesse, transmets la puissance et le couple, à travers l’axe de transmission de l’engrenage planétaire, la roue d’engrenage étant solidaire du bâti à travers une denture de crabot, et étant mobile selon la direction axiale suivant l’axe de travail.8. Motor vehicle according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the solar gear operating at high speed, transmits the power and torque, through the transmission axis of the planetary gear, the gear wheel being secured to the frame through dog teeth, and being movable in the axial direction along the working axis.
9. Procédé de fabrication d’une turbomachine pour un véhicule automobile selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu’il comprend les étapes suivantes : 9. Method of manufacturing a turbomachine for a motor vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- mettre en place au moins une turbine (T1 ) et/ou au moins un compresseur (C1 ), disposé sur l’axe de travail, - install at least one turbine (T1) and/or at least one compressor (C1), placed on the working axis,
- un générateur électrique (G1 ) couplé rotativement à l’axe de travail, - coupler rotativement un générateur électrique (G1 ) à l’axe de travail,- an electric generator (G1) rotatably coupled to the work axis, - rotatably couple an electric generator (G1) to the work axis,
- coupler en outre un réducteur sur l’axe de travail (A). - additionally couple a reducer on the working axis (A).
PCT/FR2023/051367 2022-10-21 2023-09-11 Motor vehicle comprising a turbo engine equipped with a generator and a reduction gear, and method based on such a vehicle WO2024084142A1 (en)

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FRFR2210910 2022-10-21
FR2210910A FR3141220A1 (en) 2022-10-21 2022-10-21 MOTOR VEHICLE COMPRISING A TURBOMACHINE EQUIPPED WITH A GENERATOR AND A REDUCER AND METHOD BASED ON SUCH A VEHICLE

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2210910A5 (en) 1972-12-15 1974-07-12 Lablabo Dispenser for two part liquid compns - with one liquid contained in tube applicable to mouth of second liquid dispenser
JPH0366959A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-03-22 Suwa Rakunosu:Kk Speed reducer
JPH06280953A (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-10-07 Nippon Seiko Kk Traction transmission device with variable preload
JP2004116670A (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-15 Ntn Corp Planetary roller type transmission
US20080305919A1 (en) * 2006-01-16 2008-12-11 Gustav Rennerfelt Friction Gear Frej
US20110095541A1 (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Michael Baeuerle Generator unit, in particular for motor vehicles
JP2017106612A (en) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-15 株式会社ニコン Speed reducer and optical equipment

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2210910A5 (en) 1972-12-15 1974-07-12 Lablabo Dispenser for two part liquid compns - with one liquid contained in tube applicable to mouth of second liquid dispenser
JPH0366959A (en) * 1989-08-03 1991-03-22 Suwa Rakunosu:Kk Speed reducer
JPH06280953A (en) * 1993-03-26 1994-10-07 Nippon Seiko Kk Traction transmission device with variable preload
JP2004116670A (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-04-15 Ntn Corp Planetary roller type transmission
US20080305919A1 (en) * 2006-01-16 2008-12-11 Gustav Rennerfelt Friction Gear Frej
US20110095541A1 (en) * 2009-10-28 2011-04-28 Michael Baeuerle Generator unit, in particular for motor vehicles
JP2017106612A (en) * 2015-12-02 2017-06-15 株式会社ニコン Speed reducer and optical equipment

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