WO2024083129A1 - Composite rock-breaking cutterhead and tunnel boring machine comprising same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a composite rock-breaking cutterhead and a tunnel boring machine comprising same. The composite rock-breaking cutterhead comprises a disc cutter plate and a moving shield plate, the moving shield plate being arranged in front of the disc cutter plate, and the moving shield plate and the disc cutter plate being both driven by a tunnel boring machine main shaft; edge disc cutters, front disc cutters and slag outlets are provided on the disc cutter plate in the circumferential direction of the disc cutter plate; a plurality of recesses are formed in the radial direction of the disc cutter plate; a first sliding device is installed in each recess, a flame nozzle head and a low-temperature water nozzle being provided on the first sliding device, and the flame nozzle head and the low-temperature water nozzle performing spraying towards rock surfaces; second sliding devices capable of moving in the radial direction of the moving shield plate are provided on the moving shield plate, cutters being fixed to the second sliding devices, and the first sliding devices and the second sliding devices moving synchronously.

Description

Composite rock-breaking cutterhead and shield machine including the cutterhead

The present invention claims the priority of the Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on October 18, 2022, with application number 202211277049.2 and invention name “A composite rock breaking cutter disc and a shield machine including the cutter disc”, the entire contents of which are incorporated into the present invention by reference.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of shield machines, and in particular relates to a TBM composite rock-breaking cutterhead and a shield machine comprising the cutterhead.

Background technique

The shield machine has the advantages of high automation, labor saving, one-time hole formation, and no influence from climate. However, there are some common problems in the use of shield machines in engineering projects, as follows:

The problem of cutter wear on shield tools is mainly the wear of the cutter ring on the cutter used for breaking rocks. Under high-hard rock conditions, the cutter often cannot break the rock efficiently and smoothly by squeezing the rock, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency and severe cutter wear. The cutter is expensive, and the tool replacement is relatively complicated and the maintenance cost is high. Stopping the machine to replace the tool will not only affect the construction period, but also increase costs and reduce rock breaking efficiency. Patent [202011384511.X] discloses a rock-breaking shield machine system and operating method using temperature difference as an auxiliary measure, which mainly includes: a shield machine cutter head, a roller cutter, a friction element, a telescopic rod, a telescopic motor, a rotating motor, a temperature sensor, a water sprinkler, and a computer; the friction element is welded to the telescopic rod, installed on the cutter beam of the shield machine, and is controlled by the telescopic motor and the rotating motor; the temperature sensor is installed between two adjacent friction elements to facilitate timely sensing of the temperature and triggering the water sprinkler; the present application can make full use of the heat generated by the operation of the shield machine, and combine it with the heat generated by the friction element to assist in rock breaking, and produce a large number of cracks in the rock through alternating hot and cold, thereby reducing the difficulty of rock breaking by the roller cutter and reducing the wear of the cutter. consumption, reduce engineering costs, and improve the efficiency of shield machines in hard rock formations; however, the device has the following defects: ① Because it needs to rub the face to generate a lot of heat, its friction element rotates very fast, but frictional heat will affect kinetic energy and thus also affect the speed. Friction will form transmission resistance, such as friction between rotating parts and friction between relatively sliding parts, which will increase power consumption. ② The friction element is easily damaged, which may cause the rock to be damaged before it reaches the heating temperature. Damage requires repair, which increases the repair time and reduces construction efficiency. ③ The heat generated by friction is low, and frictional heat can only make the rock reach about 200 degrees, which may lead to insufficient heating. ④ In the process of spraying water to cool down, water molecules will adhere to the face. Since water molecules cannot generate heat by friction, the friction efficiency is affected.

The wear and layout of shield machine cutters. The layout of shield machine cutters is first determined by the selection of shield machine. Different strata require different shield machines and cutterheads. According to the cutter configuration of the shield machine cutterhead, it can be simply divided into three types: soft soil cutterhead, hard rock cutterhead and composite cutterhead. The layout of cutters on the soft soil cutterhead is mainly welded cutters, and the layout of cutters on the hard rock cutterhead is mainly roller cutters. The layout of cutters on the composite cutterhead is relatively complex, with both roller cutters and welded cutters. The layout of cutters on the currently more common composite cutterhead is relatively flexible. Due to the rapid changes in the strata in some sections, it is required to reasonably layout the cutters on the shield machine cutterhead, which can meet the requirements of rapid excavation in the soft soil section and effective rock breaking in the hard rock section. However, the traditional soft soil cutterhead has low excavation efficiency and complex layout.

Summary of the invention

In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a TBM composite rock breaking cutter disc and a shield machine including the cutter disc, which can achieve efficient excavation and increase construction efficiency through reasonable layout of the cutters, while reducing the degree of cutter wear and saving maintenance costs.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a TBM composite rock breaking cutter disc, including a cutter disc and a dynamic shield disc, wherein the dynamic shield disc is arranged in front of the cutter disc, and the dynamic shield disc and the cutter disc are connected by a shield machine main body. The invention relates to a method for driving a rock cutter disc by a shaft; the cutter disc is provided with a side cutter, a main cutter and a slag outlet along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc, and a plurality of grooves are provided along the radial direction of the cutter disc, a first sliding device is installed in each groove, a flame nozzle head and a low-temperature water nozzle are provided on the first sliding device, and the flame nozzle head and the low-temperature water nozzle spray toward the rock surface; a second sliding device which can move along the radial direction of the moving shield disc is provided on the moving shield disc, a cutter is fixed on the second sliding device, and the first sliding device moves synchronously with the second sliding device.

As a further technical solution, a gas chamber is provided on the back of the cutter disc, the gas chamber is fixed together with the cutter disc, and the gas chamber provides combustible gas for the flame nozzle head.

As a further technical solution, a cross-shaped plate is arranged on the gas bin, and two telescopic base plates with holes are arranged in two directions of the cross-shaped plate, the holes are fixedly connected to the ends of the high-temperature flame nozzle, and the cross-shaped plate is aligned with the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device arranged on the hob.

As a further technical solution, sliding tenons are arranged around the gas bin, and the gas bin is slidably connected to the shield body of the shield machine.

As a further technical solution, a main water pipeline is arranged in the main shaft, and the main water pipeline supplies water to the low-temperature water nozzle.

As a further technical solution, the dynamic shield disc includes a cross-shaped cutter disc, two second sliding devices that can move relatively in the first direction of the cross-shaped cutter disc are arranged, a cutter that can slide therewith is arranged on the second sliding device, and a fixed cutter is directly arranged in the second direction.

As a further technical solution, the dynamic shield disc includes a cross-shaped cutter disc, two second sliding devices that can move relatively to each other are arranged in the first direction of the cross-shaped cutter disc, and two second sliding devices that can move relatively to each other are arranged in the second direction, and a cutter is arranged on each sliding device.

The above-mentioned cutter has two moving modes on the cutter disc. One is that only two sliding cutters on the cross-shaped cutter disc move relatively along one of the diagonals. The two sliding cutters have the same initial position and speed. The moving speed of the cutter is greater than the rotation speed of the cutter disc. The cutter moves back and forth as the cutter disc rotates, and the cutter moves linearly relative to the cutter disc. The other is that four sliding cutters move along the cross-shaped cutter disc. The cutter disc moves relative to each other in four directions. The four sliding cutters have the same initial position and speed. The moving speed of the cutter is lower than the rotation speed of the cutter disc. The cutter moves back and forth in the radial direction of the cutter disc as the cutter disc rotates. The cutter moves on the slider in a linear motion relative to the cutter disc.

As a further technical solution, the first sliding devices and the second sliding devices are alternately and evenly distributed.

As a further technical solution, the second sliding device has the same initial position and speed; the moving speed of the cutter is lower than the rotation speed of the dynamic shield disc, and the cutter moves back and forth in the radial direction of the cutter disc as the dynamic shield disc rotates.

As a further technical solution, the center axis of the cutter is perpendicular to the cross-shaped cutter disc.

In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a shield machine, comprising the composite rock breaking cutter head.

The beneficial effects of the above embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

The new rock-breaking cutter head proposed in the present invention is used for rock breaking, and a "one cold and one hot" hot and cold alternating movable device is used for auxiliary rock breaking. The thermal expansion and contraction and thermal splitting principle of high-temperature flame and low-temperature water spraying are used to greatly reduce the wear of the cutter and save maintenance costs. In the example, the present application can avoid large energy consumption and electric power consumption due to friction. Since the length of the high-temperature flame nozzle and the low-temperature water nozzle in the present application is shorter than the length of the cutting tool, it is not easy to be damaged, and the rock can be heated smoothly and fully. The heat generated by friction in the patent is relatively low, and frictional heat can only make the rock reach about 200 degrees. The flame spraying device in the present application can heat the rock to 500-600 degrees, and the fire is fully burned. When the cold water is used to stimulate the rock, a larger crack can be generated, thereby improving the cutting efficiency. In the process of water spraying cooling in the patent, water molecules will adhere to the face of the tunnel. Since water molecules cannot generate heat by friction, the friction efficiency is affected. The low-temperature cold water sprayed in the present application will not have an adverse effect on the excavation process, but can increase the humidity in the air and have a certain dust removal effect. Compared with other patents with the same principle, the composite cutter head requires a less complex structure, does not require too high power consumption, and generally does not produce factors such as "thermal runaway". In this application, each fire and water burn in the auxiliary excavation process is a separate They occur independently of each other, so the next process will not be affected by the previous fire or water spill.

The present invention designs a movable cutter, which drives the cutter to rotate and move radially back and forth toward the cutter disc to break rocks. Compared with the fixed cutter disc of patent [202011384511.X], the mobile cutter disc can cut the face into several closed cross-sections such as rhombuses, squares, triangles, etc., which greatly increases the excavation efficiency and construction efficiency in the environment of rock cracks caused by fire and water and countless closed cross-section rock blocks cut by the mobile cutter disc. Through the reasonable layout of the cutters, efficient excavation can be achieved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

FIG1 is a front view of four movable cutterheads of a new type of TBM rock breaking cutterhead of the present invention;

FIG2 is a front view of two movable cutterheads of a new type of TBM rock breaking cutterhead of the present invention;

FIG3 is a front view of a high temperature flame spraying device according to the present invention;

FIG4 is a side view of the structure of the high temperature flame spraying device of the present invention;

FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature water injection device according to the present invention;

FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the cutters when the moving speed of the cutters is less than the rotation speed of the cutter disc and four cutters move simultaneously;

FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the movement trajectory of the cutters when the moving speed of the cutter is greater than the rotation speed of the cutter disc and the two cutters move simultaneously;

In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for illustration only.
1. Side shield, 2. Hob, 3. Front hob, 4. Side hob, 5. Moving shield, 6. Slider, 7. Movable cutter,
8. Slideway, 9. Electromagnetic slider, 10. High-temperature flame nozzle, 11. Low-temperature water nozzle, 12. Water baffle, 13. Circular cut of positive hob, 14. Slag outlet, 15. Fixed tool base, 16. Fixed cutter, 17. Sliding tenon, 18. Retractable slide plate, 19. Reserved hole in the center of gas chamber, 20. Gas chamber, 21. Gas regulating valve, 22. Gas main pipe, 23. Ignition and gas outlet control device, 24. Slag transportation channel, 25. Gas reflux device, 26. High-pressure water tank, 27. Water supply Main pipe fittings, 28. Rotary joint, 29. Diverter, 30. Water pipe branch, 31. The cutter movement speed is greater than the cutter disc rotation speed and the cutter movement trajectory when two cutters move at the same time, 32. The cutter movement speed is less than the cutter disc rotation speed and the cutter movement trajectory when four cutters move at the same time; 33 slide groove.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly stated in the present invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "include" and/or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or their combinations;

For the convenience of description, if the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" appear in the present invention, they only indicate that they are consistent with the up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

Terminology explanation section: The terms "install", "connect", "connect", "fixed" and the like in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral whole; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

As mentioned in the background technology above, in order to solve the problems of cutter wear and tool wear and layout, the present invention designs a new type of TBM rock breaking cutter disc, which can achieve efficient excavation and increase the efficiency of the excavation. As shown in FIG1 , the cutter disc of the present invention can be divided into two types according to the number of movable cutters. Example 1 is a rock-breaking cutter disc with four movable cutters as shown in FIG1 , and Example 2 is a rock-breaking cutter disc with two movable cutters as shown in FIG2 . The following describes the two types of cutter disc structures in detail:

Example 1

As shown in FIG1 , this embodiment is based on a TBM and mainly discloses a TBM rock-breaking cutterhead. The complete TBM includes a shield machine body, a shield plate, a main shaft, a cutter, a hot and cold alternating device, a control and driving device, and a slag transportation system. A side shield 1 is arranged behind the main body of the shield machine, and the side shield 1 is fixed. The inner ring of the side shield 1 is a cutter disc 2, and the cutter disc 2 is connected to the main shaft of the shield machine and moves with the main shaft of the shield machine. A positive cutter 3, a side cutter 4, and a slag outlet 14 are arranged on the cutter disc 2. The configurations are all fixedly arranged on the cutter disc On the disc 2, the rear is connected to the main shaft, and the main shaft is rotatably connected to the shield body; the positive hobs 3 are arranged in plurality along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc 2, and the side hobs 4 are also arranged in plurality along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc 2. The number of the positive hobs 3 and the side hobs 4 are equal, and along the radial direction of the cutter disc 2, the positive hobs 3 and the side hobs 4 are located in the same radial direction of the cutter disc 2, and the slag outlet 14 is located between adjacent side hobs 4. In this embodiment, four slag outlets 14 are arranged, and the four slag outlets 14 are respectively located on two radial lines orthogonal to the cutter disc 2.

Furthermore, a dynamic shield disc 5 is arranged in front of the cutter disc 2. The dynamic shield disc 5 is a cross cutter disc. A cutter 7 and an electromagnetic device are arranged on the cross cutter disc. A dynamic shaft is installed behind the center position of the cross cutter disc. The dynamic shaft is rotatably connected with the main shaft of the shield machine body, and the cross cutter disc is driven to rotate through the rear dynamic shaft. Specifically, a slide groove 33 is provided on the surface of the cross cutter disc, and a slider 6 is provided inside the slide groove 33. The cutter 7 is fixed on the slider 6. The central axis of the cutter 7 is perpendicular to the disc body. The slider 6 and the slide groove 33 are connected by an electromagnet. Control and power systems are arranged on both sides along the radial direction of the cross cutter disc. Program instructions are input to make the tool move. Intelligent, its power system is buried in the main shaft accommodating cavity on the back of the dynamic shield plate that communicates with the dynamic shaft;

During the shield tunneling cutter cutting the rock mass, the movable cutter 7 moves back and forth with the rotation of the cutter disc. The initial positions, rotation speeds and moving speeds of the four movable cutters 7 are the same. The cutters move linearly relative to the cross-shaped moving shield disc. The cutting marks of the final face are shown in Figures 6 and 7.

For the construction process of the new composite cutter disc, there are two construction methods to control the speed of the cutter disc and the tool to maximize the efficiency of the new cutter disc. First, when the tool movement speed is greater than or equal to the cutter disc rotation speed and two cutters move at the same time, excavation is carried out. If the cutter discs are distributed in a cross shape, the cutting path on each disc is the same, so it is advisable to set only two movable cutters, and the final cut face rock is more broken. Second, when the tool movement speed is less than the cutter disc rotation speed and four cutters move at the same time, excavation is carried out. The low tool movement speed is conducive to sufficient rock breaking and saves power supply, but the working time will be extended. In order to improve the rock breaking efficiency and speed up the construction period, a cross-shaped movable cutter disc with four movable cutter discs can be used. In this way, the cut face will be more broken and the rock will be broken more fully.

At present, the cutterhead speed of a general shield machine in rock formations is about 6r/min; the cutterhead speed in soil formations is about 3r/min. As the cutterhead drives the tool to rotate and the tool moves radially back and forth toward the cutterhead, the rock on the face is cut into several closed rock blocks, such as triangles, diamonds, rectangles, etc. The more closed rock blocks are cut, the more broken the rock is, which is more conducive to improving rock breaking efficiency. Considering that it is unrealistic to move the tool too fast on the one hand, it is impossible to cut the rock efficiently, and on the other hand, the power supply power is large, which increases the cost, so the tool should not move too fast.

In this embodiment, the above-mentioned hot and cold alternating device is consistent with the working principle of the above-mentioned movable cutter disc, and also adopts a cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device, which is installed in a staggered manner with the above-mentioned moving shield disc 5, that is, in this embodiment, all electromagnetic sliding devices on the entire disc surface are distributed in a "M"shape; A cross-shaped slide groove 8 is arranged on the hob 2, and a slider 6 is arranged inside the slide groove 8. A square hole and a circular hole are provided on the slider 6, and a high-temperature flame nozzle 10 and a low-temperature water nozzle 11 are fixed on the reserved hole. A water baffle 12 is arranged between the two nozzles, and the water baffle 12 is also fixed on the slider 6 to prevent the two nozzles from affecting each other during operation. Unlike the movable cutter disc, a long strip through hole as wide as the high-temperature injection nozzle 10 is provided on the bottom slide of the slide groove 8, and the length of the strip hole is the length of the moving path of the high-temperature flame nozzle 10, so that the nozzle can pass through the slide groove 8 and move in the slide groove 8. A drive and control system are arranged on both sides of the slide along the radial direction of the disc body, and program instructions are input to make the two devices move intelligently. Its power system is buried in the spindle accommodating cavity on the back of the dynamic shield disc that communicates with the dynamic shaft.

As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, it is a schematic diagram of a high-temperature flame spraying device. A gas chamber 20 is arranged directly behind the cutter disc 2, which is adjacent to the rear of the driving shaft. The gas chamber 20 is used to store oxygen and combustible gas. A cylindrical through hole the size of the main shaft is reserved in the center of the gas chamber 20 so that the main shaft of the shield machine passes through the center, so that the gas chamber slides relative to the main shaft. A cross-shaped plate 18 is arranged on the surface of the gas chamber 20 along the propulsion direction. The cross-shaped plate 18 is aligned with the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device of the hot and cold alternating device in front. A telescopic substrate with a square flame nozzle hole is arranged on the cross-shaped plate 18. This square flame spray The nozzle hole is aligned with the square flame nozzle hole set on the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device of the front hot and cold alternating device, and the high-temperature flame nozzle 10 passes through the two holes, so that the hob 2 and the rear gas chamber 20 form a rotating whole. The gas chamber 20 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the hob 2. The high-temperature flame nozzle 10 is welded and sealed to the square flame nozzle hole on the telescopic base plate, so that the end of the high-temperature flame nozzle 10 can be directly and sealedly connected to the gas chamber 20, and the gas is directly transferred from the gas chamber 20 to the nozzle for injection. The valve is automatically opened and closed through the ignition and gas outlet control device 23 to control the outflow of gas. Furthermore, a control device is installed at the flame nozzle to control the injection of gas in the gas chamber. The injection path of each flame nozzle is always consistent with the cutting path of the movable cutter, and the injection section of the flame nozzle head is directly opposite to the rock surface.

The cross-shaped plate 18 and the telescopic base plate, as well as the cross-shaped plate 18 and the surface of the gas chamber 20 are sealed and connected by rubber belts to prevent gas leakage.

Furthermore, a plurality of sliding tenons 17 are arranged around the gas bin 20, and the gas bin 20 is slidably connected to the side shield 1 through a mortise and tenon structure, so that the gas bin 20 can rotate in the side shield 1, and a gas main pipe 22 is arranged at the center of the main shaft accommodating cavity behind the gas bin 20, and the gas main pipe 22 rotates relative to the gas bin 20 and is sealed and connected through an oil-carrying rubber ring, and a gas regulating valve 21 is arranged on the gas main pipe 22 to control the delivery amount of oxygen and combustible gas, and a slag transportation channel 24 is reserved around the gas bin to transport broken rocks at the tunnel face, and a gas reflux device 25 is arranged at the front end of the gas main pipe 22, and at the end of excavation, the remaining gas in the gas bin 20 can be withdrawn through the gas reflux device 25 for recycling to prevent environmental pollution.

As shown in FIG5 , it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the low-temperature water spraying device. In this embodiment, the "cold" device is a low-temperature water spraying device. The main shaft in the shield body passes through the reserved circular hole in the middle of the cylindrical air bin and is slidably connected to the inner side of the air bin, and rotates at the same angular velocity as the air bin and the moving shield plate. There is a containing cavity in the main shaft, wherein the main water pipeline is buried in the containing cavity. After the flame spraying is completed, water is transported to each branch pipe through the main water pipeline, and finally the water flow is ejected from the nozzle head. A circular hole is opened next to the flame nozzle of the slider on the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device of the moving shield plate, and the circular hole is connected to each water branch pipe. The flame nozzle and the water nozzle move on the same slider, and the spray section of the water nozzle faces the rock surface. The diverter in the whole set of conveying device adopts a circular ring structure, and a water baffle is arranged on the slider between the flame nozzle head and the low-temperature water jet head to prevent the two nozzles from affecting each other when working. Specifically, the low-temperature water nozzle 12 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is connected to a pipeline system, and the pipeline system passes through the main shaft accommodating cavity at the center of the gas chamber 20, and pumps water into the water main pipe 27 through the high-pressure water tank 26. The water pipe is connected to the swivel joint 28, and the swivel joint adopts a circular ring structure and is sleeved on the diverter 29. The two are connected and sealed, and water is transported into each water branch pipe 30 through the diverter 29. Finally, the low-temperature water is sprayed out through the low-temperature water nozzle 11. The water nozzle The water is fixed on the slide block at the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device of the disc together with the flame nozzle. The water spray is not only used for rapid cooling, but also helps to lubricate the rock, increase the humidity in the air, and reduce the dust concentration in the air.

In this working environment, the high temperature flame nozzle 12 and the low temperature water nozzle 11 do not contact the rock and always maintain a certain distance. In order not to affect the normal operation of the cutter head, the height of the two nozzles is smaller than the cross-sectional height of all the cutters.

For the construction process of the new composite cutter disc, there are two construction methods according to the speed of the cutter disc and the tool, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. In order to maximize the efficiency of the movable cutter disc, the two construction methods are analyzed respectively;

When the tool moving speed is greater than or equal to the cutter head rotation speed and the two cutters move simultaneously, the cutter movement trajectory is shown in Figure 6. According to analysis, the current general shield machine cutter head speed is about 6r/min when excavating in rock strata; the cutter head speed is about 3r/min when excavating in soil strata, but the tool moving speed should not be too fast. Too fast will not only consume more power, but also reduce the cutting efficiency in conjunction with the hot and cold alternating device, which increases the cost in disguise. It should be within a reasonable range. Analogously to the plasma cutting rock test, its maximum cutting speed is about 2m/s. Since the hot and cold alternating device of the present invention is auxiliary rock breaking, and the injection path of the hot and cold alternating device is always consistent with the cutting path of the movable tool, the maximum moving speed of the tool and the hot and cold alternating device should not exceed 2m/s. If the cutter heads are distributed in a cross shape, the cutting path on each head is the same, it is advisable to set only two movable tools, and the final cut face rock is relatively broken.

Embodiment 2

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the movable cutter disc electromagnetic sliding device provided in this embodiment is in the shape of an "I", that is, the two opposite support discs of the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device are replaced with a fixed tool base 15 and a cutter 16 fixed on the base, and its working principle and the setting method of the movable tool are the same as those in Example 1.

The dotted circle in the figure is the cutting track 13 of the positive hob, which is fixed.

In this embodiment, the moving speed of the cutter is less than the rotating speed of the cutter disc and the four cutters move simultaneously. The cutter movement trajectory is shown in Figure 7. A low tool speed is conducive to sufficient rock breaking and saves power supply, but the working time will be extended. In order to improve the rock breaking efficiency and speed up the construction period, a cross-shaped movable cutter head can be adopted, so that the cut face will be more broken and the rock will be broken more fully.

Regardless of the speed, adjust the proportional relationship between the cutter head speed and the tool movement speed, and then increase or decrease the proportion according to the changes in actual conditions.

The above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 adopt a "one cold and one hot" hot and cold alternating movable cutter head device to assist in rock breaking, and use the principle of thermal expansion and contraction and thermal splitting of high-temperature flames and low-temperature water sprays to cause cracks to appear inside the rock, greatly reducing the rock strength, reducing the degree of wear of the cutter, and saving maintenance costs.

When the hot and cold alternating cutter head device is working, flame is sprayed first, and then water is sprayed after a period of time. The cutter always squeezes the rock to cut.

In the construction process of the present invention, the specific steps are as follows:

Step 1 The TBM is operating in the tunnel, and the above-mentioned hot and cold alternating device, movable tool device, drive and control system, and power system are prepared for excavation.

Step 2: First, the main engine provides torque for the moving shaft, and turns on the power system and control and drive system of the hot and cold alternating device. The disk body rotates one circle and preheats the face by spraying fire, and then sprays water to cool it down after a period of time.

Step 3: Then start the power device and control device of the movable tool. The hot and cold alternating device works together with the movable tool. Fire is sprayed for heating while excavating, and water is sprayed for cooling after a period of time. Heating and cooling need to be carried out separately. The tool moves along the slide 8, and the cross-shaped dynamic shield rotates for excavation.

Step 4: Continue with step 3 until the excavation reaches the designed surface.

Finally, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A composite rock-breaking cutter disc, characterized in that it comprises a cutter disc and a dynamic shield disc, wherein the dynamic shield disc is arranged in front of the cutter disc, and both the dynamic shield disc and the cutter disc are driven by the main shaft of a shield machine; the cutter disc is provided with side cutters, front cutters and slag outlets along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc, and a plurality of grooves are arranged along the radial direction of the cutter disc, a first sliding device is installed in each groove, a flame nozzle head and a low-temperature water nozzle are arranged on the first sliding device, and the flame nozzle head and the low-temperature water nozzle spray toward the rock surface; a second sliding device that can move along the radial direction of the dynamic shield disc is provided on the dynamic shield disc, a cutter is fixed on the second sliding device, and the first sliding device moves synchronously with the second sliding device.
2. The composite rock breaking cutter disc as described in claim 1 is characterized in that a gas chamber is provided on the back of the cutter disc, the gas chamber is fixed to the cutter disc, and the gas chamber provides combustible gas for the flame nozzle head.
3. The composite rock breaking cutter disc as described in claim 1 is characterized in that a cross-shaped plate is arranged on the gas bin, and two telescopic base plates with holes are arranged in two directions of the cross-shaped plate, the holes are fixedly connected to the ends of the high-temperature flame nozzles, and the cross-shaped plate is aligned with the cross-shaped electromagnetic sliding device arranged on the cutter disc.
4. The composite rock breaking cutter head as described in claim 1 is characterized in that a sliding tenon is arranged around the air chamber, and the air chamber is slidably connected to the shield body of the shield machine.
5. The composite rock breaking cutter disc according to claim 1 is characterized in that a main water pipeline is arranged in the main shaft, and the main water pipeline supplies water to the low-temperature water nozzle.
6. The composite rock breaking cutter disc as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the dynamic shield disc comprises a cross-shaped cutter disc, two second sliding devices that can move relatively in the first direction of the cross-shaped cutter disc are arranged, a cutter that can slide therewith is arranged on the second sliding device, and a fixed cutter is directly arranged in the second direction.
7. The composite rock breaking cutter disc as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the dynamic shield disc comprises a cross-shaped cutter disc, two second sliding devices that can move relatively to each other are arranged in the first direction of the cross-shaped cutter disc, and two second sliding devices that can move relatively to each other are arranged in the second direction, and a cutter is arranged on each sliding device.
8. The composite rock breaking cutter disc as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the central axis of the cutter is perpendicular to the cross-shaped cutter disc; the first sliding device and the second sliding device are alternately and evenly distributed; the initial positions and speeds of the second sliding devices are the same.
9. The composite rock breaking cutter disc as described in claim 1 is characterized in that the moving speed of the cutter is less than the rotation speed of the dynamic shield disc; or the moving speed of the cutter is greater than the rotation speed of the dynamic shield disc, and the cutter moves back and forth in the radial direction of the cutter disc as the dynamic shield disc rotates.
10. A shield machine, characterized by comprising the composite rock breaking cutter head as described in any one of claims 1-9.