WO2024082775A1 - Optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines and the like and method - Google Patents

Optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines and the like and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024082775A1
WO2024082775A1 PCT/CN2023/110948 CN2023110948W WO2024082775A1 WO 2024082775 A1 WO2024082775 A1 WO 2024082775A1 CN 2023110948 W CN2023110948 W CN 2023110948W WO 2024082775 A1 WO2024082775 A1 WO 2024082775A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tenon
induction element
magnetic induction
magnetostrictive composite
composite material
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PCT/CN2023/110948
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许少毅
周公博
朱真才
李威
王承涛
邢方方
余显浪
孙天山
陈迎新
范俊展
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中国矿业大学
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Publication of WO2024082775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024082775A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
    • G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of underground space current measurement, and in particular relates to an optical fiber current sensor system and method for underground spaces such as coal mines.
  • the underground rail transit system adopts a DC traction power supply system.
  • part of the current will leak from the running rail to the surrounding medium because the running rail cannot be completely insulated from the ground.
  • the leakage current will cause serious electrochemical corrosion to the structural steel bars and buried metal pipes in the underground space.
  • coal mine auxiliary transportation system when the electric locomotive is running on the track, once there is a current leakage, it is easy to induce the risk of mine gas and coal dust explosion accidents. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the current leakage in the underground space.
  • the present invention proposes an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines.
  • the sensor system has good magnetic field focusing effect, adjustable bias magnetic field and low cost.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines, the sensor system comprising a magnetic circuit unit and a collection unit, wherein the magnetic circuit unit comprises a conductor (1), a magnetic conductor (2), a coil (3), a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4), a magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) and an optical fiber Bragg grating (6); the collection unit comprises an optical fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) and a computer (8); the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) comprises a first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and a second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are of a stepped structure with 3 steps, and the stepped ends of the stepped convex tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite material
  • the conductor (1) is located at the exact center of the inner ring of the magnetic conductor (2).
  • the magnetic conductor (2) is composed of two symmetrically distributed circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and a rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22). One end of each circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a stepped magnetic circuit structure with three steps, and the other end is a planar magnetic circuit structure. The two ends of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are connected to the planar magnetic circuit structures of the two circular electromagnetic pure iron (21).
  • a coil (3) is wound with multiple turns, one end of the coil (3) is connected to the positive electrode of a DC regulated power supply (4), and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the DC regulated power supply (4); the step end of the tenon with the largest tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) is connected to the step end of the tenon with the smallest tenon bottom area of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21); the step end of the tenon with the largest tenon bottom area of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) is connected to the step end of the tenon with the largest tenon bottom area of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2).
  • the ladder end is connected to the ladder end of the step convex tenon with the smallest tenon bottom area of another circular electromagnetic pure iron (21);
  • One end of the fiber Bragg grating (6) is adhered to the center position of the stepped end surface where the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are connected, and the other end is connected to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7), and the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) is connected to a computer (8) via a data connection line.
  • the total length of the integrally formed connection of the stepped ends of the stepped tenons with the smallest tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) is 10 mm, the total thickness is 1 mm, and the total width is 10 mm.
  • the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular parallelepiped electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material
  • the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2
  • the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2
  • the cross-sectional area of the planar magnetic circuit structure at the other end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) in contact with the rectangular parallelepiped electromagnetic pure iron (22) is 180 mm2.
  • the coil (3) is energized so that the coil (3) generates a magnetic field, thereby providing a bias magnetic field for the magnetic sensing element of the magnetostrictive composite material (5).
  • the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture.
  • the present invention also proposes a method for demodulating sensing signals of an optical fiber current sensor system in underground spaces such as coal mines, etc., the method comprising the following steps:
  • a power source supplies power to the conductor (1), and after the conductor (1) is energized, a circular magnetic field is formed around the conductor (1), and the magnetic conductor (2) gathers the circular magnetic field and transmits it to the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5).
  • the sensor is modeled according to Ampere's loop law, and the magnetic field H1 on the step with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step convex tenon of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) or the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) is obtained, which is specifically:
  • ⁇ 1 is the magnetic permeability of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and ⁇ 2 is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductor (2);
  • the stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) are three-step tenons, which are first-step tenons, second-step tenons and third-step tenons in descending order of tenon bottom area; l1 is the height of the first-step tenon, S1 is the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, l2 is the height of the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon, S2 is the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon, and S3 is the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
  • the stepped tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a three-step tenon, which is a first-step tenon, a second-step tenon and a third-step tenon in descending order of tenon bottom area.
  • the heights of the first-step tenon, the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) are all equal to l 3 .
  • S 4 , S 5 and S 6 are respectively the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon and the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
  • l 4 is half the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
  • l is the length of each ring of the ring-shaped electromagnetic pure iron (21);
  • I 1 is the current in wire (1)
  • the DC regulated power supply (4) supplies power to the coil (3). After the coil (3) is energized, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field generated by the coil (3) is transmitted along the magnetic conductor (2) to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), providing a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5).
  • the bias magnetic field provided by the coil (3) is calculated by the following formula:
  • N is the number of turns of the coil
  • I 2 is the current energizing the coil
  • Le is the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
  • the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) generates strain under the action of two magnetic fields.
  • the strain generated by the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) causes the central wavelength of the optical fiber grating (6) attached to the surface to change.
  • the wavelength change ⁇ B is shown in the following formula:
  • ⁇ B1 is the central wavelength when not subjected to a magnetic field
  • ⁇ B2 is the central wavelength when subjected to two magnetic fields
  • n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating
  • ⁇ is the grating period
  • Pe is the effective photoelastic coefficient of the fiber
  • L is the The effective length is k, which is the magnetostriction coefficient of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic sensing element (5);
  • the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) amplifies and collects the signal returned by the fiber Bragg grating (6), sends the collected data to the computer (8) for signal processing and calculation, and finally demodulates the signal of the sensor under test to achieve the measurement of the current of the conductor (1).
  • the technical solution disclosed in the present invention can realize the adjustable bias magnetic field, and at the same time the magnetic flux density at the middle position of the magnetostrictive composite material is more concentrated.
  • the technical solution of the present invention not only improves the sensitivity of the sensor, but also reduces the cost of the sensor.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor system
  • Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the sensor
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the total length, total width, and total thickness of a magnetostrictive composite material
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the length and cross-sectional area of a magnetostrictive composite material step
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the length and cross-sectional area of the steps of a stepped magnetic circuit structure at one end of each annular electromagnetic pure iron;
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor system.
  • the present invention provides an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines, the sensor system comprising a magnetic circuit unit and a collection unit, wherein the magnetic circuit unit comprises a conductor (1), a magnetic conductor (2), a coil (3), a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4), a magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) and an optical fiber grating (6); the collection unit comprises an optical fiber grating demodulator (7) and a computer (8); the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) comprises a first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and a second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are of a stepped structure with a step number of 3, and the stepped ends of the stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic in
  • the conductor (1) is located at the exact center of the inner ring of the magnetic conductor (2), and the magnetic conductor (2) is composed of two symmetrically divided
  • the invention is composed of a circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and a rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22), one end of each circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a step-type magnetic circuit structure with 3 steps, and the other end is a planar magnetic circuit structure, the two ends of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are connected to the planar magnetic circuit structures of the two circular electromagnetic pure iron (21), and a plurality of turns of coil (3) are wound around the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22), one end of the coil (3) is connected to the positive pole of a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4), and the other end is connected to the positive pole of a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4).
  • the stepped end of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) with the largest tenon bottom area is connected to the stepped end of the step tenon of one of the circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) with the smallest tenon bottom area
  • the stepped end of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) with the largest tenon bottom area is connected to the stepped end of the step tenon of another circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) with the smallest tenon bottom area
  • One end of the fiber Bragg grating (6) is adhered to the center position of the stepped end surface where the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are connected, and the other end is connected to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7), and the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) is connected to a computer (8) via a data connection line.
  • the total length of the integrally formed connection of the stepped ends of the stepped tenons with the smallest tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) is 10 mm, the total thickness is 1 mm, and the total width is 10 mm.
  • the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material; the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 ; the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 ; and the cross-sectional area of the planar magnetic circuit structure at the other end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) in contact with the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) is 180 mm2 .
  • the coil (3) By energizing the coil (3), the coil (3) generates a magnetic field, providing a bias magnetic field for the magnetostrictive composite material (5) magnetic induction element.
  • the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture.
  • the present invention also proposes a method for demodulating sensing signals of an optical fiber current sensor system in underground spaces such as coal mines, etc., the method comprising the following steps:
  • the power source supplies power to the conductor (1). After the conductor (1) is energized, a circular magnetic field is formed around the conductor (1).
  • the magnetic conductor (2) gathers the annular magnetic field and transmits it to the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5).
  • the sensor is modeled according to Ampere's loop law to obtain the magnetic field H1 on the step with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step convex tenon of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) or the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2), specifically:
  • ⁇ 1 is the magnetic permeability of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and ⁇ 2 is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductor (2);
  • the stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) are three-step tenons, which are first-step tenons, second-step tenons and third-step tenons in descending order of tenon bottom area; l1 is the height of the first-step tenon, S1 is the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, l2 is the height of the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon, S2 is the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon, and S3 is the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
  • the stepped tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a three-step tenon, which is a first-step tenon, a second-step tenon and a third-step tenon in descending order of tenon bottom area.
  • the heights of the first-step tenon, the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) are all equal to l 3 .
  • S 4 , S 5 and S 6 are respectively the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon and the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
  • l 4 is half the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
  • l is the length of each ring of the ring-shaped electromagnetic pure iron (21);
  • I 1 is the current in wire (1)
  • the DC regulated power supply (4) supplies power to the coil (3). After the coil (3) is energized, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field generated by the coil (3) is transmitted along the magnetic conductor (2) to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), providing a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5).
  • the bias magnetic field provided by the coil (3) is calculated by the following formula:
  • N is the number of turns of the coil
  • I 2 is the current energizing the coil
  • Le is the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
  • the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) generates strain under the action of two magnetic fields.
  • the strain generated by the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) causes the central wavelength of the optical fiber grating (6) attached to the surface to change.
  • the wavelength change ⁇ B is shown in the following formula:
  • ⁇ B1 is the central wavelength length when not subjected to a magnetic field
  • ⁇ B2 is the central wavelength length when subjected to two magnetic fields
  • n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating
  • ⁇ is the grating period
  • P e is the effective photoelastic coefficient of the fiber
  • L is the effective length of the fiber Bragg grating
  • k is the magnetostriction coefficient of the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5);
  • the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) amplifies and collects the signal returned by the fiber Bragg grating (6), sends the collected data to the computer (8) for signal processing and calculation, and finally demodulates the signal of the sensor under test to achieve the measurement of the current of the conductor (1).
  • the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is of a stepped design, and the total material length of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is 10 mm, the total material thickness is 1 mm, and the total material height is 10 mm.
  • the stepped design can concentrate the magnetic lines of force at the center of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), thereby increasing the magnetic field intensity at the center of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), thereby increasing the sensitivity of the optical fiber current sensor.
  • the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is a sensor head of an optical fiber current sensor.
  • the magnetic field intensity at the center of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) can be increased by changing the structural parameters of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), such as increasing the number of steps of the magnetostrictive composite material (5) or reducing the material thickness, material length and material height of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5).
  • the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material.
  • One end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a stepped magnetic circuit structure with 3 steps.
  • the cross-sectional area in contact with the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) is 100 mm2 .
  • the stepped magnetic circuit structure can gather magnetic fields.
  • the other end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a planar magnetic circuit structure with a cross-sectional area in contact with the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) of 180 mm2. Therefore, the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) is placed in the middle of the stepped structure of the two annular electromagnetic pure irons (21), so that the magnetic flux density of the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) can be improved.
  • the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture.
  • the epoxy resin is used to bond Terfenol-D powder particles, and the coupling agent is used to enhance the bonding force between Terfenol-D powder particles and epoxy resin.
  • the coupling agent treatment of Terfenol-D powder adopts an overall mixing method, which is simpler and easier to operate than the surface treatment method.

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Abstract

An optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines and the like. Said sensor system comprises a magnetic circuit unit and an acquisition unit, the magnetic circuit unit comprising a wire (1), a magnetizer (2), a coil (3), a direct-current stabilized voltage supply (4), a magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) and a fiber grating (6), and the acquisition unit comprising a fiber grating demodulator (7) and a computer (8). The magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is configured to be of a symmetrical stepped beam structure. One end of the magnetizer (2) is configured to be of a stepped structure, while the other end thereof is configured to be of a planar structure. The coil (3) is connected to the direct-current stabilized voltage supply (4). An output current of the direct-current stabilized voltage supply (4) supplies a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) by means of the coil (3). A sensor achieves magnetism gathering by means of the stepped design of the magnetostrictive material magnetic induction element (5) and the magnetizer (2), thereby remarkably increasing the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, different bias magnetic fields are applied by means of the adjustable coil (3), so that the sensor has linearity in different measurement ranges, thereby expanding the range of linearity.

Description

一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统及方法An optical fiber current sensor system and method for underground spaces such as coal mines 技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于地下空间电流测量领域，尤其涉及一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统及方法。The present invention belongs to the field of underground space current measurement, and in particular relates to an optical fiber current sensor system and method for underground spaces such as coal mines.
背景技术Background technique
目前，地下轨道交通系统采用直流牵引供电系统，牵引电流在回流的过程中，由于走行轨与大地无法做到完全绝缘，部分电流会从走行轨中泄露到周边介质。泄漏电流对地下空间中的结构钢筋、埋地金属管道等会造成严重的电化学腐蚀，尤其在煤矿辅助运输系统中，当电机车在轨道上行走，一旦有电流泄漏就容易诱发矿井瓦斯、煤尘爆炸事故等风险。因此，对地下空间电流泄漏监测是至关重要的。At present, the underground rail transit system adopts a DC traction power supply system. During the traction current return process, part of the current will leak from the running rail to the surrounding medium because the running rail cannot be completely insulated from the ground. The leakage current will cause serious electrochemical corrosion to the structural steel bars and buried metal pipes in the underground space. Especially in the coal mine auxiliary transportation system, when the electric locomotive is running on the track, once there is a current leakage, it is easy to induce the risk of mine gas and coal dust explosion accidents. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the current leakage in the underground space.
发明内容Summary of the invention
发明目的：针对以上问题，本发明提出一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，该传感器系统聚磁效果好，偏置磁场可调，成本低。Purpose of the invention: In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines. The sensor system has good magnetic field focusing effect, adjustable bias magnetic field and low cost.
技术方案：为实现本发明的目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，该传感器系统包括磁路单元和采集单元，其中，磁路单元包括导线(1)、导磁体(2)、线圈(3)、直流稳压电源(4)、磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)和光纤光栅(6)；采集单元包括光纤光栅解调仪(7)和计算机(8)；所述磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)包括第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)，并且第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)为阶梯型结构，阶梯数为3，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端一体成型连接；Technical solution: To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines, the sensor system comprising a magnetic circuit unit and a collection unit, wherein the magnetic circuit unit comprises a conductor (1), a magnetic conductor (2), a coil (3), a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4), a magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) and an optical fiber Bragg grating (6); the collection unit comprises an optical fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) and a computer (8); the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) comprises a first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and a second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are of a stepped structure with 3 steps, and the stepped ends of the stepped convex tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) with the smallest tenon bottom area are integrally formed and connected;
所述导线(1)位于导磁体(2)内环的正中心，所述导磁体(2)由两块呈对称分布的圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和一块长方体电磁纯铁(22)组成，每块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)一端是阶梯型磁路结构，阶梯数为3，另一端是平面磁路结构，所述长方体电磁纯铁(22)两端与两块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的平面磁路结构连接，长方体电磁纯铁(22)上缠绕有多匝线圈(3)，线圈(3)的一端与直流稳压电源(4)的正极连接，另一端与直流稳压电源(4)的负极连接；所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与其中一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接，所述第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶 梯端与另外一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接；The conductor (1) is located at the exact center of the inner ring of the magnetic conductor (2). The magnetic conductor (2) is composed of two symmetrically distributed circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and a rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22). One end of each circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a stepped magnetic circuit structure with three steps, and the other end is a planar magnetic circuit structure. The two ends of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are connected to the planar magnetic circuit structures of the two circular electromagnetic pure iron (21). A coil (3) is wound with multiple turns, one end of the coil (3) is connected to the positive electrode of a DC regulated power supply (4), and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the DC regulated power supply (4); the step end of the tenon with the largest tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) is connected to the step end of the tenon with the smallest tenon bottom area of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21); the step end of the tenon with the largest tenon bottom area of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) is connected to the step end of the tenon with the largest tenon bottom area of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2). The ladder end is connected to the ladder end of the step convex tenon with the smallest tenon bottom area of another circular electromagnetic pure iron (21);
所述光纤光栅(6)一端粘贴在第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)连接的阶梯端表面中心位置，另一端与光纤光栅解调仪(7)相连，光纤光栅解调仪(7)通过数据连接线与计算机(8)相连。One end of the fiber Bragg grating (6) is adhered to the center position of the stepped end surface where the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are connected, and the other end is connected to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7), and the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) is connected to a computer (8) via a data connection line.
优选的，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端一体成型连接的总长度为10mm，总厚度为1mm，总宽度为10mm。Preferably, the total length of the integrally formed connection of the stepped ends of the stepped tenons with the smallest tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) is 10 mm, the total thickness is 1 mm, and the total width is 10 mm.
优选的，所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和长方体电磁纯铁(22)为DT4C材料，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与其中一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接接触面积为100mm2，所述第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与另外一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接接触面积为100mm2，圆环状电磁纯铁(21)另一端的平面磁路结构与长方体电磁纯铁(22)接触的横截面积为180mm2。Preferably, the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular parallelepiped electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material, the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 , the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 , and the cross-sectional area of the planar magnetic circuit structure at the other end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) in contact with the rectangular parallelepiped electromagnetic pure iron (22) is 180 mm2.
优选的，通过对线圈(3)通电，使线圈(3)产生磁场，为磁致伸缩复合材料(5)磁感元件提供偏置磁场。Preferably, the coil (3) is energized so that the coil (3) generates a magnetic field, thereby providing a bias magnetic field for the magnetic sensing element of the magnetostrictive composite material (5).
优选的，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)是由Terfenol-D粉末、环氧树脂、固化剂和偶联剂按比例均匀混合制作而成，其中，Terfenol-D粉末与环氧树脂的比例为5:1，环氧树脂与固化剂的比例为3:1，偶联剂占整个混合物的2％。Preferably, the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture.
此外，本发明还提出一种根据上述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统的传感信号解调方法，该方法包括如下步骤：In addition, the present invention also proposes a method for demodulating sensing signals of an optical fiber current sensor system in underground spaces such as coal mines, etc., the method comprising the following steps:
(1)：电源给导线(1)供电，导线(1)得电后在导线(1)周围形成环形磁场，导磁体(2)将环形磁场聚集后传递给磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)，根据安培环路定律对所述传感器进行建模，获取所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)或第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯上的磁场H1，具体为：
(1): A power source supplies power to the conductor (1), and after the conductor (1) is energized, a circular magnetic field is formed around the conductor (1), and the magnetic conductor (2) gathers the circular magnetic field and transmits it to the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5). The sensor is modeled according to Ampere's loop law, and the magnetic field H1 on the step with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step convex tenon of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) or the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) is obtained, which is specifically:
式中，μ1第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的磁导率，μ2为导磁体(2)的磁导率；In the formula, μ1 is the magnetic permeability of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and μ2 is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductor (2);
所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫为三阶凸榫，按凸榫的榫底面积从小至大依次为第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫；l1为第一阶凸榫的高度，S1为第一阶凸榫的榫底面积，l2为第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫的高度，S2为第二阶凸榫的榫底面积，S3为第三阶凸榫的榫底面积；The stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) are three-step tenons, which are first-step tenons, second-step tenons and third-step tenons in descending order of tenon bottom area; l1 is the height of the first-step tenon, S1 is the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, l2 is the height of the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon, S2 is the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon, and S3 is the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫为三阶凸榫，按凸榫的榫底面积从小至大依次为第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫，圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫的高度相等为l3，所述S4、S5、S6分别为第一阶凸榫的榫底面积、第二阶凸榫的榫底面积，第三阶凸榫的榫底面积；The stepped tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a three-step tenon, which is a first-step tenon, a second-step tenon and a third-step tenon in descending order of tenon bottom area. The heights of the first-step tenon, the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) are all equal to l 3 . S 4 , S 5 and S 6 are respectively the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon and the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
l4为长方体电磁纯铁(22)的一半长度；l 4 is half the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
l为每一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)圆环的环形长度；l is the length of each ring of the ring-shaped electromagnetic pure iron (21);
I1为导线(1)的电流；I 1 is the current in wire (1);
(2)：直流稳压电源(4)给线圈(3)通电，线圈(3)通电后产生磁场，线圈(3)产生的磁场沿着导磁体(2)传递到磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)，对磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)提供偏置磁场，线圈(3)提供的偏置磁场通过下式计算得到：
(2): The DC regulated power supply (4) supplies power to the coil (3). After the coil (3) is energized, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field generated by the coil (3) is transmitted along the magnetic conductor (2) to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), providing a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5). The bias magnetic field provided by the coil (3) is calculated by the following formula:
式中，N为线圈匝数，I2为给线圈通电的电流，Le为长方体电磁纯铁(22)的长度；Where N is the number of turns of the coil, I 2 is the current energizing the coil, and Le is the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
(3)：磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)在两个磁场的作用下产生应变，磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)产生的应变导致贴在表面的光纤光栅(6)的中心波长发生变化，波长变化量△λB如下式所示：
(3): The magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) generates strain under the action of two magnetic fields. The strain generated by the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) causes the central wavelength of the optical fiber grating (6) attached to the surface to change. The wavelength change △λ B is shown in the following formula:
式中，λB1为未受磁场时的中心波长长度，λB2为受两个磁场作用时的中心波长长度，neff是光纤光栅的有效折射率，Λ为光栅周期，Pe为光纤有效光弹系数，L为光纤光栅的 有效长度，k为磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的磁致伸缩系数；Where λ B1 is the central wavelength when not subjected to a magnetic field, λ B2 is the central wavelength when subjected to two magnetic fields, n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating, Λ is the grating period, Pe is the effective photoelastic coefficient of the fiber, and L is the The effective length is k, which is the magnetostriction coefficient of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic sensing element (5);
(4)：光纤光栅解调仪(7)对光纤光栅(6)返回的信号进行数据放大和采集，采集后的数据发送到计算机(8)并进行信号处理和计算，最终解调出被测传感器的信号，实现导线(1)电流的测量。(4): The fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) amplifies and collects the signal returned by the fiber Bragg grating (6), sends the collected data to the computer (8) for signal processing and calculation, and finally demodulates the signal of the sensor under test to achieve the measurement of the current of the conductor (1).
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的技术方案具有以下有益技术效果：Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明公开的技术方案可实现偏置磁场可调，同时磁致伸缩复合材料中间位置处的磁通密度更为集中。并且，本发明技术方案既提高了传感器的灵敏度，又降低了传感器的成本。The technical solution disclosed in the present invention can realize the adjustable bias magnetic field, and at the same time the magnetic flux density at the middle position of the magnetostrictive composite material is more concentrated. In addition, the technical solution of the present invention not only improves the sensitivity of the sensor, but also reduces the cost of the sensor.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是传感器的系统示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor system;
图2是传感器的结构图；Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the sensor;
图3是磁致伸缩复合材料总长度，总宽度，总厚度示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the total length, total width, and total thickness of a magnetostrictive composite material;
图4是磁致伸缩复合材料阶梯的长度和横截面积示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the length and cross-sectional area of a magnetostrictive composite material step;
图5是每块圆环状电磁纯铁一端是阶梯型磁路结构的阶梯的长度和横截面积示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the length and cross-sectional area of the steps of a stepped magnetic circuit structure at one end of each annular electromagnetic pure iron;
图中：1、导线，2、导磁体，3、线圈，4、直流稳压电源，5、磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件，6、光纤光栅，7、光纤光栅解调仪，8、计算机，21、圆环状电磁纯铁，22、长方体电磁纯铁，5-1、第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件，5-2、第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件。In the figure: 1. conductor, 2. magnetic conductor, 3. coil, 4. DC regulated power supply, 5. magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element, 6. fiber Bragg grating, 7. fiber Bragg grating demodulator, 8. computer, 21. donut-shaped electromagnetic pure iron, 22. rectangular electromagnetic pure iron, 5-1. first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element, 5-2. second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本专利的具体实施方式作进一步的说明。The specific implementation of this patent is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是传感器的系统示意图。如图1所示，本发明提出一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，该传感器系统包括磁路单元和采集单元，其中，磁路单元包括导线(1)、导磁体(2)、线圈(3)、直流稳压电源(4)、磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)和光纤光栅(6)；采集单元包括光纤光栅解调仪(7)和计算机(8)；所述磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)包括第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)，并且第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)为阶梯型结构，阶梯数为3，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端一体成型连接；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a sensor system. As shown in FIG1 , the present invention provides an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines, the sensor system comprising a magnetic circuit unit and a collection unit, wherein the magnetic circuit unit comprises a conductor (1), a magnetic conductor (2), a coil (3), a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4), a magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) and an optical fiber grating (6); the collection unit comprises an optical fiber grating demodulator (7) and a computer (8); the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) comprises a first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and a second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are of a stepped structure with a step number of 3, and the stepped ends of the stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) with the smallest tenon bottom area are integrally formed and connected;
所述导线(1)位于导磁体(2)内环的正中心，所述导磁体(2)由两块呈对称分 布的圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和一块长方体电磁纯铁(22)组成，每块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)一端是阶梯型磁路结构，阶梯数为3，另一端是平面磁路结构，所述长方体电磁纯铁(22)两端与两块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的平面磁路结构连接，长方体电磁纯铁(22)上缠绕有多匝线圈(3)，线圈(3)的一端与直流稳压电源(4)的正极连接，另一端与直流稳压电源(4)的负极连接；所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与其中一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接，所述第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与另外一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接；The conductor (1) is located at the exact center of the inner ring of the magnetic conductor (2), and the magnetic conductor (2) is composed of two symmetrically divided The invention is composed of a circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and a rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22), one end of each circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a step-type magnetic circuit structure with 3 steps, and the other end is a planar magnetic circuit structure, the two ends of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are connected to the planar magnetic circuit structures of the two circular electromagnetic pure iron (21), and a plurality of turns of coil (3) are wound around the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22), one end of the coil (3) is connected to the positive pole of a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4), and the other end is connected to the positive pole of a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4). connected to the negative pole of a DC voltage-stabilized power supply (4); the stepped end of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) with the largest tenon bottom area is connected to the stepped end of the step tenon of one of the circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) with the smallest tenon bottom area, and the stepped end of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) with the largest tenon bottom area is connected to the stepped end of the step tenon of another circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) with the smallest tenon bottom area;
所述光纤光栅(6)一端粘贴在第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)连接的阶梯端表面中心位置，另一端与光纤光栅解调仪(7)相连，光纤光栅解调仪(7)通过数据连接线与计算机(8)相连。One end of the fiber Bragg grating (6) is adhered to the center position of the stepped end surface where the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are connected, and the other end is connected to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7), and the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) is connected to a computer (8) via a data connection line.
所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端一体成型连接的总长度为10mm，总厚度为1mm，总宽度为10mm。The total length of the integrally formed connection of the stepped ends of the stepped tenons with the smallest tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) is 10 mm, the total thickness is 1 mm, and the total width is 10 mm.
所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和长方体电磁纯铁(22)为DT4C材料，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与其中一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接接触面积为100mm2，所述第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与另外一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接接触面积为100mm2，圆环状电磁纯铁(21)另一端的平面磁路结构与长方体电磁纯铁(22)接触的横截面积为180mm2。The annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material; the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 ; the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 ; and the cross-sectional area of the planar magnetic circuit structure at the other end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) in contact with the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) is 180 mm2 .
通过对线圈(3)通电，使线圈(3)产生磁场，为磁致伸缩复合材料(5)磁感元件提供偏置磁场。By energizing the coil (3), the coil (3) generates a magnetic field, providing a bias magnetic field for the magnetostrictive composite material (5) magnetic induction element.
所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)是由Terfenol-D粉末、环氧树脂、固化剂和偶联剂按比例均匀混合制作而成，其中，Terfenol-D粉末与环氧树脂的比例为5:1，环氧树脂与固化剂的比例为3:1，偶联剂占整个混合物的2％。The first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture.
此外，本发明还提出一种根据上述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统的传感信号解调方法，该方法包括如下步骤：In addition, the present invention also proposes a method for demodulating sensing signals of an optical fiber current sensor system in underground spaces such as coal mines, etc., the method comprising the following steps:
(1)：电源给导线(1)供电，导线(1)得电后在导线(1)周围形成环形磁场， 导磁体(2)将环形磁场聚集后传递给磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)，根据安培环路定律对所述传感器进行建模，获取所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)或第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯上的磁场H1，具体为：
(1): The power source supplies power to the conductor (1). After the conductor (1) is energized, a circular magnetic field is formed around the conductor (1). The magnetic conductor (2) gathers the annular magnetic field and transmits it to the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5). The sensor is modeled according to Ampere's loop law to obtain the magnetic field H1 on the step with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step convex tenon of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) or the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2), specifically:
式中，μ1第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的磁导率，μ2为导磁体(2)的磁导率；In the formula, μ1 is the magnetic permeability of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and μ2 is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductor (2);
所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫为三阶凸榫，按凸榫的榫底面积从小至大依次为第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫；l1为第一阶凸榫的高度，S1为第一阶凸榫的榫底面积，l2为第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫的高度，S2为第二阶凸榫的榫底面积，S3为第三阶凸榫的榫底面积；The stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) are three-step tenons, which are first-step tenons, second-step tenons and third-step tenons in descending order of tenon bottom area; l1 is the height of the first-step tenon, S1 is the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, l2 is the height of the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon, S2 is the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon, and S3 is the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫为三阶凸榫，按凸榫的榫底面积从小至大依次为第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫，圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫的高度相等为l3，所述S4、S5、S6分别为第一阶凸榫的榫底面积、第二阶凸榫的榫底面积，第三阶凸榫的榫底面积；The stepped tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a three-step tenon, which is a first-step tenon, a second-step tenon and a third-step tenon in descending order of tenon bottom area. The heights of the first-step tenon, the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) are all equal to l 3 . S 4 , S 5 and S 6 are respectively the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon and the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
l4为长方体电磁纯铁(22)的一半长度；l 4 is half the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
l为每一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)圆环的环形长度；l is the length of each ring of the ring-shaped electromagnetic pure iron (21);
I1为导线(1)的电流；I 1 is the current in wire (1);
(2)：直流稳压电源(4)给线圈(3)通电，线圈(3)通电后产生磁场，线圈(3)产生的磁场沿着导磁体(2)传递到磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)，对磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)提供偏置磁场，线圈(3)提供的偏置磁场通过下式计算得到：
(2): The DC regulated power supply (4) supplies power to the coil (3). After the coil (3) is energized, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field generated by the coil (3) is transmitted along the magnetic conductor (2) to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), providing a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5). The bias magnetic field provided by the coil (3) is calculated by the following formula:
式中，N为线圈匝数，I2为给线圈通电的电流，Le为长方体电磁纯铁(22)的长度；Where N is the number of turns of the coil, I 2 is the current energizing the coil, and Le is the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
(3)：磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)在两个磁场的作用下产生应变，磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)产生的应变导致贴在表面的光纤光栅(6)的中心波长发生变化，波长变化量△λB如下式所示：
(3): The magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) generates strain under the action of two magnetic fields. The strain generated by the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) causes the central wavelength of the optical fiber grating (6) attached to the surface to change. The wavelength change △λ B is shown in the following formula:
式中，λB1为未受磁场时的中心波长长度，λB2为受两个磁场作用时的中心波长长度，neff是光纤光栅的有效折射率，Λ为光栅周期，Pe为光纤有效光弹系数，L为光纤光栅的有效长度，k为磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的磁致伸缩系数；Wherein, λ B1 is the central wavelength length when not subjected to a magnetic field, λ B2 is the central wavelength length when subjected to two magnetic fields, n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating, Λ is the grating period, P e is the effective photoelastic coefficient of the fiber, L is the effective length of the fiber Bragg grating, and k is the magnetostriction coefficient of the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5);
(4)：光纤光栅解调仪(7)对光纤光栅(6)返回的信号进行数据放大和采集，采集后的数据发送到计算机(8)并进行信号处理和计算，最终解调出被测传感器的信号，实现导线(1)电流的测量。(4): The fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) amplifies and collects the signal returned by the fiber Bragg grating (6), sends the collected data to the computer (8) for signal processing and calculation, and finally demodulates the signal of the sensor under test to achieve the measurement of the current of the conductor (1).
如图2所示，所述磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)为阶梯型设计，磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的材料总长度为10mm，材料总厚度为1mm，材料总高度为10mm。阶梯型可以将磁力线集中在磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的中心位置，提高磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)中心位置的磁场强度，从而提高光纤电流传感器的灵敏度。As shown in FIG2 , the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is of a stepped design, and the total material length of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is 10 mm, the total material thickness is 1 mm, and the total material height is 10 mm. The stepped design can concentrate the magnetic lines of force at the center of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), thereby increasing the magnetic field intensity at the center of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), thereby increasing the sensitivity of the optical fiber current sensor.
所述磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)为光纤电流传感器的传感头，通过改变磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的结构参数可以提高磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)中心位置的磁场强度，比如增加磁致伸缩复合材料(5)的阶梯个数或者减少磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的材料厚度、材料长度和材料高度。The magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is a sensor head of an optical fiber current sensor. The magnetic field intensity at the center of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) can be increased by changing the structural parameters of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), such as increasing the number of steps of the magnetostrictive composite material (5) or reducing the material thickness, material length and material height of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5).
所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和长方体电磁纯铁(22)为DT4C材料，圆环状电磁纯铁(21)一端是阶梯型磁路结构，阶梯数为3，与磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)接触的横截面积为100mm2，阶梯型磁路结构可以聚集磁场。圆环状电磁纯铁(21)另一端是平面磁路结构，与长方体电磁纯铁(22)接触的横截面积为180mm2。因此，磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)放置在两块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的阶梯结构中间处，可以使磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的磁通密度得到提升。The annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material. One end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a stepped magnetic circuit structure with 3 steps. The cross-sectional area in contact with the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) is 100 mm2 . The stepped magnetic circuit structure can gather magnetic fields. The other end of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a planar magnetic circuit structure with a cross-sectional area in contact with the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) of 180 mm2. Therefore, the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) is placed in the middle of the stepped structure of the two annular electromagnetic pure irons (21), so that the magnetic flux density of the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5) can be improved.
所述磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)是由Terfenol-D粉末、环氧树脂、固化剂和偶联剂按比例均匀混合制作的，其中Terfenol-D粉末与环氧树脂的比例为5:1，环氧树脂与固化剂的比例为3:1，偶联剂占整个混合物的2％。环氧树脂的作用是用来粘结Terfenol-D粉末颗粒，偶联剂的作用是增强Terfenol-D粉末颗粒与环氧树脂的粘结力。偶联剂处理Terfenol-D粉末采用的是整体混掺法，比表面处理法简单易操作。 The magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) is made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture. The epoxy resin is used to bond Terfenol-D powder particles, and the coupling agent is used to enhance the bonding force between Terfenol-D powder particles and epoxy resin. The coupling agent treatment of Terfenol-D powder adopts an overall mixing method, which is simpler and easier to operate than the surface treatment method.

Claims (8)

  1. 一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，其特征在于，该传感器系统包括磁路单元和采集单元，其中，磁路单元包括导线(1)、导磁体(2)、线圈(3)、直流稳压电源(4)、磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)和光纤光栅(6)；采集单元包括光纤光栅解调仪(7)和计算机(8)；所述磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)包括第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)，并且第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)为阶梯型结构，阶梯数为3，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端一体成型连接；A fiber optic current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines, characterized in that the sensor system comprises a magnetic circuit unit and a collection unit, wherein the magnetic circuit unit comprises a conductor (1), a magnetic conductor (2), a coil (3), a DC regulated power supply (4), a magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) and a fiber grating (6); the collection unit comprises a fiber grating demodulator (7) and a computer (8); the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) comprises a first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and a second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are of a stepped structure with a number of steps of 3, and the stepped ends of the stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) with the smallest tenon bottom area are integrally formed and connected;
    所述导线(1)位于导磁体(2)内环的正中心，所述导磁体(2)由两块呈对称分布的圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和一块长方体电磁纯铁(22)组成，每块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)一端是阶梯型磁路结构，阶梯数为3，另一端是平面磁路结构，所述长方体电磁纯铁(22)两端与两块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的平面磁路结构连接，长方体电磁纯铁(22)上缠绕有多匝线圈(3)，线圈(3)的一端与直流稳压电源(4)的正极连接，另一端与直流稳压电源(4)的负极连接；所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与其中一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接，所述第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与另外一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接；The conductor (1) is located at the exact center of the inner ring of the magnetic conductor (2). The magnetic conductor (2) is composed of two symmetrically distributed circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and a rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22). One end of each circular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a stepped magnetic circuit structure with three steps, and the other end is a planar magnetic circuit structure. The two ends of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are connected to the planar magnetic circuit structures of the two circular electromagnetic pure iron (21). A plurality of turns of coil (3) are wound around the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22). One end of the coil (3) is The first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) has a stepped end with the largest tenon bottom area of the stepped tenon connected to the positive electrode of the DC stabilized power supply (4), and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the DC stabilized power supply (4); the stepped end with the largest tenon bottom area of the stepped tenon of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) is connected to the stepped end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the stepped tenon of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21); and the stepped end with the largest tenon bottom area of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) is connected to the stepped end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the stepped tenon of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21);
    所述光纤光栅(6)一端粘贴在第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)连接的阶梯端表面中心位置，另一端与光纤光栅解调仪(7)相连，光纤光栅解调仪(7)通过数据连接线与计算机(8)相连。One end of the fiber Bragg grating (6) is adhered to the center position of the stepped end surface where the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are connected, and the other end is connected to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7), and the fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) is connected to a computer (8) via a data connection line.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，其特征在于，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端一体成型连接的总长度为10mm，总厚度为1mm，总宽度为10mm。According to claim 1, an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines is characterized in that the total length of the integrally formed connection of the stepped ends of the tenon bottom area of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) with the smallest tenon bottom area is 10 mm, the total thickness is 1 mm, and the total width is 10 mm.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，其特征在于，所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)和长方体电磁纯铁(22)为DT4C材料，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与其中一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接接触面积为100mm2，所述第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最大的阶梯端与另外一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯端连接接触面积为100mm2，圆环状电 磁纯铁(21)另一端的平面磁路结构与长方体电磁纯铁(22)接触的横截面积为180mm2。According to claim 1, an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines is characterized in that the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) and the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) are made of DT4C material, the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of one of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 , the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2 , and the contact area between the step end with the largest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) and the step end with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step protrusion of the other annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is 100 mm2. The cross-sectional area of the planar magnetic circuit structure at the other end of the magnetic pure iron (21) in contact with the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22) is 180 mm2 .
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，其特征在于，通过对线圈(3)通电，使线圈(3)产生磁场，为磁致伸缩复合材料(5)磁感元件提供偏置磁场。According to the optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that by energizing the coil (3), the coil (3) generates a magnetic field to provide a bias magnetic field for the magnetic induction element of the magnetostrictive composite material (5).
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统，其特征在于，所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)是由Terfenol-D粉末、环氧树脂、固化剂和偶联剂按比例均匀混合制作而成，其中，Terfenol-D粉末与环氧树脂的比例为5:1，环氧树脂与固化剂的比例为3:1，偶联剂占整个混合物的2％。According to claim 1, an optical fiber current sensor system for underground spaces such as coal mines is characterized in that the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2) are made by uniformly mixing Terfenol-D powder, epoxy resin, curing agent and coupling agent in proportion, wherein the ratio of Terfenol-D powder to epoxy resin is 5:1, the ratio of epoxy resin to curing agent is 3:1, and the coupling agent accounts for 2% of the entire mixture.
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种煤矿等地下空间光纤电流传感器系统的传感信号解调方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：The method for demodulating sensing signals of an optical fiber current sensor system in underground spaces such as coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
    (1)：电源给导线(1)供电，导线(1)得电后在导线(1)周围形成环形磁场，导磁体(2)将环形磁场聚集后传递给磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)，根据安培环路定律对所述传感器进行建模，获取所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)或第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫的榫底面积最小的阶梯上的磁场H1，具体为：
    (1): A power source supplies power to the conductor (1), and after the conductor (1) is energized, a circular magnetic field is formed around the conductor (1), and the magnetic conductor (2) gathers the circular magnetic field and transmits it to the magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5). The sensor is modeled according to Ampere's loop law, and the magnetic field H1 on the step with the smallest tenon bottom area of the step convex tenon of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) or the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) is obtained, which is specifically:
    式中，μ1第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的磁导率，μ2为导磁体(2)的磁导率；In the formula, μ1 is the magnetic permeability of the first magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5-2), and μ2 is the magnetic permeability of the magnetic conductor (2);
    所述第一磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-1)和第二磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5-2)的台阶凸榫为三阶凸榫，按凸榫的榫底面积从小至大依次为第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫；l1为第一阶凸榫的高度，S1为第一阶凸榫的榫底面积，l2为第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫的高度，S2为第二阶凸榫的榫底面积，S3为第三阶凸榫的榫底面积；The stepped tenons of the first magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-1) and the second magnetostrictive composite magnetic induction element (5-2) are three-step tenons, which are first-step tenons, second-step tenons and third-step tenons in descending order of tenon bottom area; l1 is the height of the first-step tenon, S1 is the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, l2 is the height of the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon, S2 is the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon, and S3 is the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
    所述圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的台阶凸榫为三阶凸榫，按凸榫的榫底面积从小至大依次为第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫，圆环状电磁纯铁(21)的第一阶凸榫、第二阶凸榫和第三阶凸榫的高度相等为l3，所述S4、S5、S6分别为第一阶凸榫的榫底面积、第二阶凸榫的榫底面积，第三阶凸榫的榫底面积； The stepped tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) is a three-step tenon, which is a first-step tenon, a second-step tenon and a third-step tenon in descending order of tenon bottom area. The heights of the first-step tenon, the second-step tenon and the third-step tenon of the annular electromagnetic pure iron (21) are all equal to l 3 . S 4 , S 5 and S 6 are respectively the tenon bottom area of the first-step tenon, the tenon bottom area of the second-step tenon and the tenon bottom area of the third-step tenon;
    l4为长方体电磁纯铁(22)的一半长度；l 4 is half the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22);
    l为每一块圆环状电磁纯铁(21)圆环的环形长度；l is the length of each ring of the ring-shaped electromagnetic pure iron (21);
    I1为导线(1)的电流；I 1 is the current in wire (1);
    (2)：直流稳压电源(4)给线圈(3)通电，线圈(3)通电后产生磁场，线圈(3)产生的磁场沿着导磁体(2)传递到磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)，对磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)提供偏置磁场，线圈(3)提供的偏置磁场通过计算得到；(2): A DC regulated power supply (4) supplies power to the coil (3), and the coil (3) generates a magnetic field after being energized. The magnetic field generated by the coil (3) is transmitted along the magnetic conductor (2) to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5), and a bias magnetic field is provided to the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5). The bias magnetic field provided by the coil (3) is obtained by calculation;
    (3)：磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)在两个磁场的作用下产生应变，磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)产生的应变导致贴在表面的光纤光栅(6)的中心波长发生变化；(3): The magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) generates strain under the action of two magnetic fields, and the strain generated by the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5) causes the central wavelength of the optical fiber Bragg grating (6) attached to the surface to change;
    (4)：光纤光栅解调仪(7)对光纤光栅(6)返回的信号进行数据放大和采集，采集后的数据发送到计算机(8)并进行信号处理和计算，最终解调出被测传感器的信号，实现导线(1)电流的测量。(4): The fiber Bragg grating demodulator (7) amplifies and collects the signal returned by the fiber Bragg grating (6), sends the collected data to the computer (8) for signal processing and calculation, and finally demodulates the signal of the sensor under test to achieve the measurement of the current of the conductor (1).
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的传感信号解调方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中的线圈(3)提供的偏置磁场通过下式计算得到：
    The sensor signal demodulation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that the bias magnetic field provided by the coil (3) in step (2) is calculated by the following formula:
    式中，N为线圈匝数，I2为给线圈通电的电流，Le为长方体电磁纯铁(22)的长度。Where N is the number of turns of the coil, I2 is the current energizing the coil, and Le is the length of the rectangular electromagnetic pure iron (22).
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的传感信号解调方法，其特征在于，波长变化量△λB如下式所示：
    The sensor signal demodulation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that the wavelength change Δλ B is expressed as follows:
    式中，λB1为未受磁场时的中心波长长度，λB2为受两个磁场作用时的中心波长长度，neff是光纤光栅的有效折射率，Λ为光栅周期，Pe为光纤有效光弹系数，L为光纤光栅的有效长度，k为磁致伸缩复合材料磁感元件(5)的磁致伸缩系数。 Wherein, λ B1 is the central wavelength length when not subjected to a magnetic field, λ B2 is the central wavelength length when subjected to two magnetic fields, n eff is the effective refractive index of the fiber Bragg grating, Λ is the grating period, P e is the effective photoelastic coefficient of the fiber, L is the effective length of the fiber Bragg grating, and k is the magnetostriction coefficient of the magnetostrictive composite material magnetic induction element (5).
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