WO2024078573A1 - 一种支具 - Google Patents

一种支具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024078573A1
WO2024078573A1 PCT/CN2023/124226 CN2023124226W WO2024078573A1 WO 2024078573 A1 WO2024078573 A1 WO 2024078573A1 CN 2023124226 W CN2023124226 W CN 2023124226W WO 2024078573 A1 WO2024078573 A1 WO 2024078573A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brace
thigh
connecting rod
calf
connecting member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/124226
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱洁琼
Original Assignee
朱洁琼
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 朱洁琼 filed Critical 朱洁琼
Publication of WO2024078573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024078573A1/zh

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/04—Devices for stretching or reducing fractured limbs; Devices for distractions; Splints
    • A61F5/05—Devices for stretching or reducing fractured limbs; Devices for distractions; Splints for immobilising

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of hip joint correction or rehabilitation, and in particular to a brace.
  • a brace is needed to fix the movement of the legs in order to intervene in the development of the hip joint and allow the patient to gradually return to a normal walking posture.
  • the hip joint needs to be kept in a certain posture.
  • braces currently used to correct hip joint abnormalities or the rehabilitation braces used to maintain the hip joint posture simply fix the legs, and the correction and rehabilitation effects are poor.
  • the present application provides a brace to improve correction or rehabilitation effects.
  • a brace comprising:
  • a first brace used to fix at least one side of the calf and the foot in the circumferential direction of the calf;
  • a second brace is used to accommodate at least one thigh and is relatively fixed relative to the body
  • a pivotable connecting component one end of which is fixedly connected to the first brace, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the second brace, and the pivot axis of the connecting component coincides with the pivot axis of the knee joint when worn;
  • the mounting position of the connecting assembly on the second brace enables the pivot axis to rotate around the axis of the second brace and the thigh at an angle required for hip joint correction relative to its position when the toes face straight ahead.
  • the first brace includes a calf brace and a foot brace
  • the calf brace is used to be mounted on the calf
  • the foot brace is used to be mounted on the foot
  • the calf brace is fixedly connected to the foot brace, so that the calf brace is relatively fixed to the calf in the circumferential direction of the calf.
  • the second brace includes a thigh brace and a fixing device, the thigh brace is used to be mounted on the thigh, and the fixing device is used to fix the thigh brace relative to the trunk.
  • the fixing device comprises a hip brace and a connecting mechanism, and the hip brace is fixed relative to the human body after being sleeved on the human hip;
  • the connecting mechanism is used to connect the thigh brace to the hip brace.
  • the connecting mechanism includes a first connecting rod and a movable joint, the movable joint is arranged on the hip brace, one end of the first connecting rod is arranged on the thigh brace, and the other end is arranged on the movable joint;
  • the first connecting rod and the movable joint are located on the left and right sides of the body and are movably connected according to preset degrees of freedom, so that the thigh brace can move approximately in the front-to-back direction relative to the hip brace.
  • the fixing device is a connecting piece, which connects the thigh braces of the left thigh and the right thigh on the inner side of the leg, and the connecting piece is rigidly connected to at least the thigh brace of the side to be corrected.
  • the connecting member includes a first connecting member and a second connecting member, one end of the first connecting member is connected to the thigh brace of the first thigh, one end of the second connecting member is connected to the thigh brace of the second thigh, and the other end of the first connecting member is connected to the other end of the second connecting member;
  • the angle between the connecting member and the thigh brace determines the thigh extension angle required for hip joint correction.
  • the first connecting member and the second connecting member are both provided with a plurality of threaded holes in the length direction, and the first connecting member and the second connecting member select threaded holes required for the total length of the connecting members from the threaded holes for threaded connection.
  • the fixed connection position of one end where the first connecting member and the second connecting member are connected to each other in the length direction can be steplessly adjusted.
  • the connecting member is connected to the thigh brace of the thigh on one side of the healthy hip joint through a universal joint.
  • the angle of thigh extension can be adjusted by adjusting the angle between the connecting member and the thigh brace.
  • the pivotable connecting assembly includes a first assembly, which includes a second connecting rod and a third connecting rod connected by a first pivot axis, the second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the calf brace, and the third connecting rod is fixedly connected to the thigh brace.
  • the pivotable connection component also includes a second component, which includes a fourth connecting rod and a fifth connecting rod connected by a second pivot shaft, the fourth connecting rod is fixedly connected to the calf brace, and the fifth connecting rod is fixedly connected to the thigh brace, the first component and the second component are respectively located on the inner and outer sides of the corresponding leg, and the axes of the first pivot shaft and the second pivot shaft coincide.
  • the positions of the third connecting rod and the fifth connecting rod in the circumferential direction of the thigh brace are adjustable.
  • it also includes an arcuate slide rail which is coaxial with the thigh brace and is arranged on the outer surface of the thigh brace.
  • the ends of the third connecting rod and the fifth connecting rod connected to the thigh brace are respectively provided with a first slider, and the first slider can be fixedly connected to the arcuate slide rail at an adjustable position selected by a user.
  • the pivoting connection assembly includes at least one hook and at least one hanging ring, wherein the at least one hook is arranged along the circumference of the calf brace, and the at least one hanging ring is arranged along the circumference of the calf brace.
  • the hook is fixedly connected to the thigh brace through the hanging ring.
  • the axis of the calf brace is located on the plane where the second connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod are located;
  • the axis of the thigh brace is located on the plane where the third connecting rod and the fifth connecting rod are located.
  • the second connecting rod and the third connecting rod are telescopically connected to the calf brace in the length direction of the calf brace.
  • the calf brace is provided with two sliding grooves in the length direction, and the second connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod are slidably disposed in the two sliding grooves.
  • the second connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod are each provided with a plurality of through holes in the length direction
  • the calf brace is provided with threaded holes corresponding to the through holes
  • the second connecting rod and the fourth connecting rod are threadedly connected to the calf brace through the through holes and the threaded holes.
  • the calf brace and the foot brace are integrally formed.
  • the calf brace is provided with a first opening, and the first opening penetrates the side wall of the calf brace along the length direction of the calf brace;
  • the thigh brace is provided with a second opening, and the second opening penetrates the side wall of the thigh brace along the length direction of the thigh brace;
  • Binding straps are provided at both the first opening and the second opening.
  • the brace proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes a first brace, a second brace and a pivotable connecting component, wherein the first brace fixes the calf and the foot in the circumferential direction of the calf, the second brace accommodates the thigh and is relatively fixed relative to the trunk, one end of the pivotable connecting component is fixedly connected to the first brace, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second brace, with the position of the pivot axis of the connecting component when the toes are facing straight ahead as a reference, the installation position of the connecting component on the second brace makes the pivot axis rotate around the axis of the part of the second brace accommodating the thigh by an angle required for hip joint correction, so that the first brace can force the calf to rotate the aforementioned angle relative to the toes-forward position, thereby driving the thigh and femoral head to rotate synchronously, and the second brace is generally fixed relative to the trunk, therefore, the first brace rotated relative to the second
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a brace of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the brace of the present application.
  • FIG3 is an enlarged view of a portion B of the brace in FIG2 ;
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the brace of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the brace of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the brace of the present application on a single left leg
  • FIG7 is a structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the brace of the present application.
  • FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a right thigh brace and a right calf brace of the brace in FIG7 ;
  • FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of a right thigh brace and a right calf brace of the brace in FIG4 ;
  • FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a right thigh brace and a right calf brace of the brace in FIG4 in another embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion A of the brace in FIG. 1 .
  • Figure numerals 100-first brace, 110-calf brace, 120-foot brace, 130-first opening, 200-second brace, 210-thigh brace, 220-fixing device, 221-hip brace, 222-connecting mechanism, 223-first connecting rod, 224-movable joint, 225-connecting member, 226-first connecting member, 227-second connecting member, 228-fixing belt, 230-second opening, 300-connecting assembly, 311-second connecting rod, 312-fourth connecting rod, 321-third connecting rod, 322-fifth connecting rod, 323-arc slide rail, 331-first pivot axis, 332-second pivot axis, 400-strap.
  • the inventors have found that the main movement of the human knee joint is flexion and extension. Flexion is a two-dimensional movement with only two degrees of freedom. In addition to flexion and extension, the knee joint can also help the human body achieve a limited angle of internal rotation or external rotation of the knee. However, due to the structural limitations of the knee joint itself, internal rotation or external rotation of the knee can only be achieved in the state of knee flexion, and the angle is not large (the rotation range of internal rotation of the knee is 0° to 30°, and the rotation range of external rotation of the knee is 0° to 40°).
  • the ankle joint is generally a joint that can move in all directions, but the degree of freedom of each direction of movement is not large. Therefore, in general, the thigh, calf and foot can be kept on the same plane. Therefore, the rotation of the calf around the axis of the calf can drive the rotation of the entire leg around the axis of the leg, which means that the femoral head rotates inward or outward relative to the pelvis (that is, relative to the trunk) in the hip joint acetabulum.
  • the femoral head corresponding to this leg rotates inward relative to the hip joint acetabulum (referred to as "internal rotation")
  • the femoral head corresponding to this leg rotates outward relative to the hip joint acetabulum.
  • internal rotation when the foot drives the leg to rotate outward along the axis, the femoral head corresponding to this leg rotates outward relative to the hip joint acetabulum.
  • the corresponding femoral head remains in an internal rotation state
  • the corresponding femoral head remains in an external rotation state. Based on this, the present application proposes a brace for correcting or rehabilitating the human hip joint.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a brace, comprising: a first brace 100, used to fix at least one side of the calf and the foot in the circumferential direction of the calf; a second brace 200, used to accommodate at least one side of the thigh and fixed relatively to the body; a pivotable connecting component 300, one end of the connecting component 300 is fixedly connected to the first brace 100, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second brace 200, and the pivot axis of the connecting component 300 coincides with the pivot axis of the knee joint when worn; the installation position of the connecting component 300 on the second brace 200 makes the pivot axis rotate around the axis of the second brace 200 and the thigh by an angle required for hip joint correction relative to its position when the toes are facing straight ahead.
  • the first brace 100 is adapted to fit the calf. When worn on the calf of a human body, the first brace 100 can be fixed relative to the leg in the circumferential direction of the leg under the fixing effect of the foot. If the foot drives the first brace 100 to rotate inward, the leg rotates inward accordingly. If the foot drives the first brace 100 to rotate outward, the leg rotates outward accordingly. Or conversely, if the leg rotates inward, the foot drives the first brace 100 to rotate inward accordingly. If the leg rotates outward, the foot drives the first brace 100 to rotate outward accordingly. When the first brace 100 and the leg rotate inward or outward, the two remain relatively still.
  • first brace 100 can be divided into a first brace 100 for the left leg and a first brace 100 for the right leg.
  • the first brace 100 for the left leg and the first brace 100 for the right leg are mirror images of each other, and their functions and uses are completely the same except for this.
  • the user uses it if only the left hip joint needs to be corrected or rehabilitated, then only the left leg first brace 100 needs to be worn; if only the right hip joint needs to be corrected or rehabilitated, then only the right leg first brace 100 needs to be worn; if both the left and right hip joints need to be corrected or rehabilitated at the same time, then both the left and right legs need to wear the corresponding first brace 100.
  • the first brace 100 on either side may include a calf brace 110 and a foot brace 120, wherein the calf brace 110 is used to fit the calf on that side, and the foot brace 120 is used to fit the foot on that side, and the calf brace 110 is fixedly connected to the foot brace 120 so that the calf brace 110 is relatively fixed to the calf in the circumferential direction of the calf on that side.
  • the calf brace 110 and the foot brace 120 used to fit the lower limb on the same side of the human body may be integrally formed, and then integrally fit the foot and calf on one side of the human body.
  • the calf brace 110 and the foot brace 120 for adapting to either side of the lower limb of the human body may be formed separately, the calf brace 110 may be adapted to the calf part, the foot brace 120 may be adapted to the foot part, and then the calf brace 110 and the foot brace 120 may be fixedly connected, and the fixedly connected position may be adapted to the ankle joint of one side of the lower limb of the human body.
  • the leg rotates inwardly accordingly; when the foot drives the foot brace 120 and the calf brace 110 to rotate outwardly, the leg rotates outwardly accordingly; or vice versa, if the leg rotates inwardly, the foot drives the foot brace 120 and the calf brace 110 to rotate inwardly accordingly; if the leg rotates outwardly, the foot drives the foot brace 120 and the calf brace 110 to rotate outwardly accordingly.
  • the second brace 200 is relatively fixed relative to the torso. It should be noted that the second brace 200 in the present application is relatively fixed relative to the torso, and its "relatively fixed” does not mean absolute fixation. Due to the flexibility of the human body, the human body can perform some subtle movements within a small range. When the body performs some subtle movements, a slight displacement may occur between the second brace and the torso; in addition, the fixing method of the second brace 200 in the present application and the torso itself needs to provide a certain degree of activity for the thigh, such as a certain degree of walking movement, sitting on the ground, bending left and right, front and back, sitting, etc.
  • the second brace 200 in the present application is relatively fixed relative to the torso, but in the most common postures of the human body (such as normal standing, normal sitting), the second brace 200 can keep the thigh position relative to the torso at or very close to the position required for correction.
  • the essence of the second brace 200 being relatively fixed relative to the torso is that the second brace 200 can keep the thigh roughly at the position required for correction relative to the hip bone.
  • the second brace 200 can also provide a reference for the rotation of the first brace 100 in the circumferential direction of the leg, because the position of the second brace 200 relative to the hip joint (and/or the body) is substantially fixed, so when the first brace 100 and the calf are rotated by a certain angle relative to the leg axis, they are also rotated by the angle relative to the second brace 200.
  • the second brace 200 can be relatively fixed relative to the hip joint and/or the torso in a variety of ways.
  • the second brace 200 includes a thigh brace 210 and a fixing device 220, wherein a thigh brace 210 is used to fit the thigh of one side of the lower limb of the human body, and the fixing device 220 is used to fix the thigh brace 210 relative to the torso.
  • the fixing device 220 described in the present application is used to fix the thigh brace 210 relative to the torso, which is not an absolute fixation because the human body has flexibility, and only the thigh brace is generally fixed relative to the torso.
  • the fixing device 220 is fixed in the circumferential direction of the human torso, especially the hip joint, so that the thigh brace 210 is fixed relative to the human torso, especially the hip joint.
  • the fixing device 220 may be a hip brace 221 and a connecting mechanism 222 fixed around the hip joint.
  • the form of the hip brace 221 may be similar to the thigh brace 210, or may be a frame-type structure.
  • the connecting mechanism 222 may fix the thigh brace 210 to the hip brace 221 in the circumferential direction of the body.
  • connection mechanism 222 between the thigh brace 210 and the hip brace 221 can be set to a two-dimensional (planar) motion structure that is roughly consistent with the movement direction of the knee joint (for example, the two braces are connected by a rotation connection).
  • it may be configured as an omnidirectional motion structure with a certain range of motion restricted as required (for example, two braces may be connected via a universal swivel joint).
  • the connecting mechanism 222 includes a first connecting rod 223 and a movable joint 224, wherein the movable joint 224 is disposed on the hip brace 221, and one end of the first connecting rod 223 is disposed on the thigh brace 210, and the other end is disposed on the movable joint 224; when worn, the first connecting rod 223 and the movable joint 224 are located on the left and right sides of the torso, and are movably connected at the front and back sides of the torso according to preset degrees of freedom, so that the thigh brace 210 can move roughly forward and backward relative to the hip brace 221.
  • the first connecting rod 223 and the movable joint 224 can be set on the outside of the leg.
  • the movable joint 224 is, for example, a universal joint.
  • the movable angle of the movable joint 224 is limited to movement at the front and back sides of the body according to preset degrees of freedom, while the movement around the body needs to be restricted to prevent the thigh brace 210 from rotating relative to the body.
  • first connecting rod 223 and the movable joint 224 are movably connected at the left and right sides of the body according to the preset degrees of freedom. It should be noted that the left and right sides here refer to the direction in which the legs are abducted to the left and right sides of the body.
  • the first connecting rod 223 and the movable joint 224 are arranged at the left and right sides of the body with the degrees of freedom of movement, so that the legs can be abducted to the left and right sides of the body.
  • the fixing device is a connecting member 225
  • the connecting member 225 connects the thigh brace 210 of the left thigh and the right thigh on the inner side of the leg, and the connecting member 225 is rigidly connected to at least the thigh brace 210 of the side to be corrected.
  • the two thigh braces 210 of the left and right legs connected to each other by the connecting member 225 together constitute a mechanism for maintaining relative fixation in the circumferential direction relative to the body (hip joint).
  • the rigid connection between the connecting member 225 and the thigh brace 210 on the "to be corrected" side, and the position of the thigh brace 210 on the healthy side in the general position state can force the thigh on the side to be corrected to be in the required position relative to the whole body (the angle between the connecting member 225 and the thigh brace 210 and the length of the connecting member 225 determine the thigh outward angle and the position relative to the hip bone).
  • both hip joints need to be corrected at the same time, the connecting member 225 and the thigh braces 210 on both sides are rigidly connected, and the positions of the two sides are relatively fixed due to the restraint of the other side.
  • the two legs can move relative to the body and hip joints, whether alone or together, when the two legs are connected in a relatively fixed position, the range of motion relative to the hip joint is limited.
  • the plane formed by the two legs is generally consistent with the plane where the body and hip joint are located, or is consistent in statistical average.
  • the internal rotation or external rotation formed by the first brace 100 can maintain the internal rotation or external rotation of the leg relative to the hip joint or the body most of the time, or in a statistical average sense, so as to play a correction or rehabilitation role.
  • the right leg still needs to have a thigh brace 210 (but since the right leg does not need to be corrected, the first brace 100 for the right leg may not be needed, or it may be set to a normal posture) so as to form a fixed structure together with the thigh brace 210 of the left leg.
  • the connecting member 225 can be rigidly connected only to the thigh brace 210 of the left leg (the thigh to be corrected), and does not need to be rigidly connected to the thigh brace of the right leg (the thigh that does not need to be corrected).
  • the connecting member 225 needs to be rigidly connected to both the thigh brace 210 of the left leg and the thigh brace 210 of the right leg.
  • a connector 225 may be provided between the thigh braces 210 of the left and right thighs, and the thigh brace 210 of the left thigh and the thigh brace 210 of the right thigh are connected by the connector 225, so that the thigh brace 210 of the left thigh and the thigh brace 210 of the right thigh are combined to form a fixed structure in the circumferential direction of the trunk.
  • the distance between the legs of users of different ages and heights may be different, so the length of the connector 225 can be set according to the distance between the left and right thighs of the user.
  • a connector 225 whose length can be adjusted telescopically can also be provided to improve versatility.
  • the connector 225 may include a first connector 226 and a second connector 227, one end of the first connector 226 is connected to the thigh brace 210 of the first thigh, one end of the second connector 227 is connected to the thigh brace 210 of the second thigh, the other end of the first connector 226 is connected to the other end of the second connector 227, and the angle between the connector 225 and the thigh brace 210 determines the thigh extension angle required for hip joint correction.
  • the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 are both provided with a plurality of threaded holes in the length direction, and the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 select the threaded holes required for the total length of the connecting member 225 from the threaded holes for threaded connection.
  • the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 are both provided with a plurality of threaded holes in the length direction, so that when the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 are connected, appropriate threaded holes can be selected for threaded connection according to the total length required by the connecting member 226.
  • the fixed connection position of one end where the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 are connected to each other in the length direction can be steplessly adjusted.
  • first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 can also be set to be slidably connected, such as setting a slide rail on the first connecting member 226, and setting the second connecting member 227 on the slide rail, so as to adjust the distance between the left and right thighs by sliding.
  • first connecting member 226 can also be set to be hollow, and the first connecting member 226 can be sleeved on the outside of the second connecting member 227, so as to form a sliding connection.
  • first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 are slidably connected, when the two slide relative to each other to a suitable length position, they are still fixedly connected, that is, the fixed connection position of the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 in the length direction can be adjusted steplessly.
  • the purpose of adjusting the distance between the left and right thighs can be achieved through the above-mentioned threaded connection or sliding connection.
  • the purpose of abduction correction can also be achieved by adjusting the length of the connecting piece 225.
  • the length of the connector 225 can be appropriately increased so that the thigh brace 210 of the left leg and the thigh brace 210 of the right leg are both extended outward.
  • the left leg and the right leg are both extended outward compared to the normal state, so that the left leg drives the left hip joint to expand outward, and the right leg drives the right hip joint to expand outward, thereby achieving the purpose of correction or rehabilitation of the hip joint to expand outward.
  • the first connecting member 226, the second connecting member 227, and one end connected to the thigh brace 210 can be set with an appropriate bending angle to cooperate with the abduction correction of the legs.
  • the bending angle of the first connecting member 226, the second connecting member 227 and one end connected to the thigh brace 210 can be set according to the thigh abduction angle required for hip joint correction, and different bending angles can be set according to different abduction angles.
  • the thigh abduction angle required for hip joint correction can be determined by the angle between the connecting member 225 and the two thigh braces 210.
  • the connecting member 225 and the upper part of the two thigh braces 210 roughly form an isosceles triangle structure, the two thigh braces 210 are the two waists of the isosceles triangle, and the connecting member 225 is the base of the isosceles triangle.
  • the base angle of the isosceles triangle can be calculated, so that the angle between the connecting member 225 and the thigh brace 210 is set to the base angle of the corresponding size, which can ensure that the two thigh braces 210 can provide the thigh extension angle required for hip joint correction.
  • the angle of the thigh extension can be adjusted by adjusting the angle between the connecting member 225 and the thigh brace 210.
  • the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 can be connected to the thigh brace 210 in a hinged manner, so that the distance between the left and right thigh braces 210 can be adjusted by the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 according to the required extension angle, and the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 are both hinged to the thigh brace 210, so when the distance between the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 is adjusted, the angle between the thigh brace 210 and the first connecting member 226 and the second connecting member 227 can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the connector 225 is connected to the thigh brace 210 of the thigh on one side of the healthy hip joint through a universal joint.
  • the connector 225 and the thigh brace 210 of the right thigh can be connected through a universal joint, thereby increasing the range of motion of the right thigh on the healthy side, and the position of the left thigh and the entire hip that needs to be corrected can be fixed by the right healthy thigh.
  • the fixing device 220 may also be a fixing belt 228.
  • the left thigh brace 210 when worn, the left thigh brace 210 is put on the outer periphery of the left thigh, and then the fixing belt 228 is fixed to the waist or the torso.
  • the fixing belt 228 may be wrapped around the waist or the torso for several circles to form a fixed connection, so that the fixing belt 228 fixed in the circumferential direction of the torso pulls the thigh brace 210 so that it does not rotate in the circumferential direction of the left thigh.
  • the connecting component 300 is used to connect the first brace 100 and the second brace 200, and the second brace 200 has at least one connecting station in the circumferential direction of the part for accommodating the thigh.
  • the connecting station forms a mechanism for fixing the first brace 100 relative to the second brace 200 (for example, the fixing plane associated with the hip joint or the body in the aforementioned embodiment, or the fixing plane formed by the second brace 200 on the left and right sides) in the circumferential direction to rotate a desired angle, such as rotating inward by 5° or 15°, etc.
  • the specific angle value depends on the needs of correction or rehabilitation, and can be determined according to actual conditions.
  • the first brace 100 can drive the leg to rotate inward by 5° or 15°, etc., and then the first brace 100 is fixedly connected to the second brace 200 through the connecting component 300 through this connecting station, so that the user's femoral head can be rotated by 5° or 15°.
  • the correction range of 15° is relative to the medial rotation of the hip joint.
  • the connecting component when the first brace is rotated inwardly by 5° or 15°, the connecting component is also rotated inwardly by 5° or 15°, that is, the axis of the connecting component rotates around the axis of the part of the second brace for accommodating the thigh by an angle, which is the angle required for correction or rehabilitation, and is not limited to a fixed angle.
  • the second brace 200 may also be provided with a plurality of connection stations.
  • the specific number of the plurality of connection stations in this embodiment is not limited, and may be a plurality of connection stations with fixed correction angles, or may be connection stations with arbitrary correction angles, that is, whether the first brace 100 is rotated inwardly by a certain angle or rotated outwardly by a certain angle, the second brace 200 may provide a corresponding connection station for connecting the first brace 100 and the second brace 200.
  • the correction or rehabilitation brace of this embodiment is more versatile, and any user may select an appropriate connection station according to the progress of the correction or rehabilitation program, without having to customize a brace of a specific angle separately.
  • the pivotable connection assembly 300 includes a first assembly, which includes a second connection rod 311 and a third connection rod 321 connected by a first pivot shaft 331 , the second connection rod 311 is fixedly connected to the calf brace 110 , and the third connection rod 321 is fixedly connected to the thigh brace 210 .
  • the first component may include a second connecting rod 311, which is fixedly connected to the calf brace 110 in the circumferential direction of the calf brace 110, and the second connecting rod 311 is arranged parallel to the axis of the calf brace 110;
  • the second component includes a third connecting rod 321, which is fixedly connected to the thigh brace 210 in the circumferential direction of the thigh brace 210, and the third connecting rod 321 is arranged parallel to the axis of the thigh brace 210;
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are located on the same side of the leg, and after the calf brace 110 is rotated by a preset angle, the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are connected.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 can both be long connecting rods, and the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are both located on the inner side of the leg, or on the outer side of the leg.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the thigh brace 210 and the calf brace 110 of the right leg in FIG7 , wherein the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are both located on the outer side of the leg, and the third connecting rod 321 is located at a position 10° rotated inwardly on the left side of the thigh brace 210, where “10°” is the correction or rehabilitation angle, and the second connecting rod 311 is located on the right side of the calf brace 110.
  • the calf brace 110 when the calf brace 110 is connected to the thigh brace 210, the calf brace 110 needs to be rotated 10° inwardly so that the second connecting rod 311 can be connected to the third connecting rod. After the connection, the calf brace 110 and the foot brace 120 connected to the calf brace 110 have been rotated 10° inwardly. Then, when the user uses this brace, the right foot will be rotated 10° inwardly, and the right femoral head will also be synchronously rotated 10° inwardly.
  • the right calf and the right foot are restricted by the right calf brace 110 and the foot brace 120, and the right calf brace 110 is connected by the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321. Therefore, the thigh brace 210 continuously provides traction force for inward rotation to the calf brace 110 through the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321, so that the right foot will continue to be in an inward rotation.
  • the third connecting rod 321 is set at a position rotated 10° inward from the right side of the thigh brace 210 to the inner side of the thigh brace 210.
  • the third connecting rod 321 may be arranged at a position where the outer wall of the thigh brace 210 is rotated inwardly or outwardly by a corresponding angle, so that the calf brace 110 needs to be rotated inwardly or outwardly by the preset angle before it can be connected through the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321.
  • the pivotable connection assembly 300 further includes a second assembly, which includes a fourth connection rod 312 and a fifth connection rod 322 connected by a second pivot shaft 332, the fourth connection rod 312 is fixedly connected to the calf brace 110, and the fifth connection rod 322 is fixedly connected to the thigh brace 210, the first assembly and the second assembly are respectively located on the inner and outer sides of the corresponding leg, and the axes of the first pivot shaft 331 and the second pivot shaft 332 coincide.
  • the fourth connecting rod 312 is arranged in parallel with the second connecting rod 311 in the circumferential direction of the calf brace 110, and the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are respectively located at the inner and outer sides of the calf brace 110;
  • the fifth connecting rod 322 is arranged in parallel with the third connecting rod 321 in the circumferential direction of the thigh brace 210, and the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are respectively located at the inner and outer sides of the calf; after the calf brace 110 is rotated by a preset angle, the second connecting rod 311 is connected to the third connecting rod 321, and the fourth connecting rod 312 is connected to the fifth connecting rod 322.
  • FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the calf brace 110 and the thigh brace 210 on the right leg in FIG4 .
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are respectively located on the outside of the calf brace 110 and the thigh brace 210
  • the fourth connecting rod 312 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are respectively located on the inside of the calf brace 110 and the thigh brace 210.
  • the third connecting rod 321 is located at the position of the thigh brace 210 rotated 10° inwardly on the right side
  • the fifth connecting rod 322 is located at the position of the thigh brace 210 rotated 10 degrees from the back to the left side
  • the second connecting rod 311 is located at the position of the calf brace 110 on the right side
  • the fourth brace is located at the position of the calf brace 110 on the left side.
  • the calf brace 110 when the calf brace 110 is connected to the thigh brace 210, the calf brace 110 needs to be rotated inwardly by 10° so that the second connecting rod 311 can be connected to the third connecting rod 321, and the fourth connecting rod 312 can be connected to the fifth connecting rod 322.
  • the calf brace 110 and the foot brace 120 connected to the calf brace 110 have been rotated inwardly by 10°.
  • the right leg will rotate inwardly by 10°
  • the right femoral head will rotate inwardly by 10° synchronously.
  • the right foot is restricted by the right foot brace 120, and the right foot brace 120 is fixedly connected to the calf brace 110, and the thigh brace 210 continuously provides traction to the inside of the leg to the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 through the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod connecting rod, so that the right calf and foot will continue to be in a state of inward rotation, so that the right femoral head of the user can be in a state of correction relative to the right side according to the 10° correction range.
  • the hip joint is in a state of internal rotation, thereby correcting or rehabilitating the right hip joint by 10° internal rotation.
  • connecting rods can be provided on both the inner and outer sides of the calf brace 110 and the thigh brace 210.
  • traction force is provided to the calf brace 110 from the inner and outer sides of the leg, which can provide more uniform force and more firm traction force to prevent the calf brace 110 from rotating around the body.
  • the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are adjustable in the circumferential direction of the thigh brace 210.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the right thigh brace 210 and the right calf brace 110, the left side is the inner side of the leg, the right side is the outer side of the leg, a1 and a2 are respectively the left side and the right side of the thigh brace 210, and b1 and b2 are respectively the left side and the right side of the calf brace 110.
  • the third connecting rod 321 When the third connecting rod 321 is located at position a2, the fifth connecting rod 322 is located at position a1, when the third connecting rod 321 is located at position a6, the fifth connecting rod 322 is located at position a3, and when the third connecting rod 321 is located at position a5, the fifth connecting rod 322 is located at position a4, that is, the third connecting rod 321 can be adjusted to the area on the right side of the thigh brace 210 toward the inner side of the leg, and can also be adjusted to the area on the right side of the thigh brace 210 toward the outer side of the leg.
  • the fifth connecting rod 322 can be adjusted to the area on the left side of the thigh brace 210 toward the inner side of the leg, and can also be adjusted to the area on the left side of the thigh brace 210 toward the outer side of the leg.
  • the specific positions of the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 they can be determined according to the correction direction and correction angle. It should be noted that the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are adjusted synchronously during the adjustment process.
  • the fifth connecting rod 322 can be set at the a3 position, and the third connecting rod 321 can be set at the a6 position, so that the fourth connecting rod 312 at the b1 position and the second connecting rod 311 at the b2 position on the calf brace 110 need to be rotated inwardly by a certain angle before they can be fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 in the circumferential direction of the leg.
  • the fifth connecting rod 322 can be set at the a4 position, and the third connecting rod 321 can be set at the a5 position, so that the calf brace 110 needs to be rotated outwardly by a certain angle before the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 can be fixedly connected to the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 in the circumferential direction of the leg.
  • Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view of the A area in Fig.
  • the arc-shaped slide rail 323 is sleeved on the outer side of the thigh brace 210, and the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are both provided with a first slider, and the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are both arranged in the arc-shaped slide rail 323 through the first slider, so that the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 can slide in the arc-shaped slide rail 323 through the first slider. It should be noted that when the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are in the arc-shaped slide rail 323, After sliding inward to a suitable position, it is still fixedly connected to the arc-shaped slide rail 323.
  • the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 can be slid along the slide groove toward the inner side of the leg to a suitable position, and then fixed, and then, the calf brace 110 is rotated inwardly by a corresponding angle, and then connected to the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 respectively through the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312, and then it is worn by the user;
  • the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 can be slid along the arc-shaped slide rail 323 toward the outer side of the leg to a suitable position, and then fixed, and then, the calf brace 110 is rotated outwardly by a corresponding angle, and then connected to the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 respectively through the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312, and then it is worn by the
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are rotationally connected in the direction of knee joint bending
  • the fourth connecting rod 312 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are rotationally connected in the direction of knee joint bending.
  • each connecting rod forms a fixed connection with the thigh brace 210 and the calf brace 110, ensuring that the calf brace 110 will not rotate around the calf too much, thereby damaging the user's leg or knee.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 can also be set to be rotationally connected in the direction of knee joint bending
  • the fourth connecting rod 312 and the fifth connecting rod 322 can be set to be rotationally connected in the direction of knee joint bending.
  • a first pivot shaft 331 is provided at one end where the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are connected
  • a second pivot shaft 332 is provided at one end where the fourth connecting rod 312 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are connected.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321 are rotationally connected in the bending direction of the knee joint through the first pivot shaft 331, and the fourth connecting rod 312 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are rotationally connected in the bending direction of the knee joint through the second pivot shaft 332. Therefore, when a user wears the brace of this embodiment, the bending function of the knee will not be affected.
  • the axis of the calf brace 110 is located on the plane where the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are located; the axis of the thigh brace 210 is located on the plane where the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 are located.
  • the second connecting rod 311, the fourth connecting rod 312 and the axis of the calf brace 110 are arranged in the same plane, and the third connecting rod 321, the fifth connecting rod 322 and the axis of the thigh brace 210 are arranged in the same plane.
  • the second connecting rod 311, the fourth connecting rod 312, the axis of the user's calf, and the third connecting rod 321, the fifth connecting rod 322, the axis of the user's thigh are all located in the same plane, and the second connecting rod 311 and the third connecting rod 321, and the fourth connecting rod 312 and the fifth connecting rod 322 respectively provide traction to the calf brace 110 from both sides of the symmetric leg axis, so that the force of the calf brace 110 is more uniform, and has a better correction effect.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are telescopically connected to the calf brace 110 in the length direction of the calf brace 110.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are extended to a certain length of the calf brace 110 to adapt to users of different heights, weights and ages. Not only can the brace meet the needs of people of different heights and leg lengths, but also the user can make adaptive adjustments during the correction process as the height of the user increases with age.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are provided with a plurality of through holes in the length direction
  • the calf brace 110 is provided with threaded holes corresponding to the through holes
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are threadedly connected to the calf brace 110 through the through holes and the threaded holes.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are also provided with a plurality of through holes in the length direction thereof, and the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 can be fixed to the inner and outer sides of the calf brace 110 by screws. When the position needs to be adjusted, loosen the screws, adjust the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 to a suitable position, and then tighten the screws.
  • the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 on the thigh brace 210 may also be similarly configured, and the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 may also be adjusted in the length direction of the thigh brace 210 to change the length of the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 extending out of the thigh brace 210.
  • the calf brace 110 is provided with two slide grooves in the length direction, and the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 are slidably arranged in the two slide grooves.
  • the two slide grooves are respectively located at the inner and outer sides of the calf brace 110 and the positions corresponding to the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312.
  • the second connecting rod 311 and the fourth connecting rod 312 can be slid up and down to adapt to legs of different lengths.
  • similar slide grooves can also be provided in the thigh brace 210, and the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 can be arranged in the corresponding slide grooves, so that the third connecting rod 321 and the fifth connecting rod 322 can also slide in the length direction of the thigh brace 210 to adjust the length of the extended thigh brace 210.
  • the pivoting connection assembly 300 includes at least one hook and at least one hanging ring, wherein the at least one hook is arranged along the circumference of the calf brace 110, and the at least one hanging ring is arranged along the circumference of the thigh brace 210; the hook is fixedly connected to the thigh brace 210 through the hanging ring.
  • a hook is arranged on the calf brace 110, and five hanging rings are arranged around the thigh brace 210, wherein the hook is located at the upper edge of the outer wall of the calf brace 110, and the five hanging rings are located at the lower edge of the outer wall of the thigh brace 210, and the five hanging rings are arranged at intervals around the thigh brace 210, so that when the calf brace 110 is worn, the hook can be hung on the corresponding hanging ring after the calf brace 110 is rotated inwardly or outwardly, and the hook and the hanging ring can also provide continuous traction to the calf brace 110.
  • two hooks may be provided on the outer side wall of the calf brace 110, and the two hooks are respectively located on the inner and outer sides of the calf, and the connecting line of the two hooks passes through the axis of the calf brace 110. After the calf brace 110 is rotated by a certain angle, the inner and outer hooks are respectively hung on the corresponding hanging rings of the thigh brace 210.
  • the calf brace 110 may be provided with more hooks, and the thigh brace 210 may be provided with other numbers of hanging rings. Different hanging rings may be selected for hanging according to the required correction angle, so as to facilitate the use of the user.
  • a first opening 130 is provided on the calf brace 110, and a second opening 230 is provided on the thigh brace 210.
  • the first opening 130 runs through the entire side wall of the calf brace 110 along the length direction of the calf brace 110
  • the second opening 230 runs through the entire side wall of the thigh brace 210 along the length direction of the thigh brace 210.
  • the width of the first opening 130 and the second opening 230 can be set according to the user group.
  • the first opening 130 and the second opening 230 are respectively set to a quarter of the leg circumference
  • the calf brace 110 and the thigh brace 210 are respectively three-quarters of the leg circumference of the calf and the thigh.
  • this setting is easier to wear
  • straps 400 can be set on both sides of the opening.
  • the volume of the calf brace 110 and the thigh brace 210 can be adjusted to a suitable size using the straps 400 according to the thickness of the user's calf and thigh.
  • the specific meaning of "generally” or similar words used in the embodiments of the present application is not ambiguous, but only means that the mechanical structure can be set according to the actual situation, and it does not need to be set completely according to a certain accuracy or standard.
  • some features are not absolute.
  • the ankle joint mentioned above is not an absolute two-dimensional (plane) motion joint, but its range of motion as an omnidirectional motion joint is limited, so it can be regarded as a two-dimensional (plane) motion joint in the sense of the present application, so as to achieve the purpose of rotating the leg by rotating the direction of the foot.
  • the ankle joint still has a certain degree of flexibility, at a specific moment, the internal rotation or external rotation angle of the leg may deviate from the set value, but the statistical average is still within the set value. The same is true for the position of the plane formed by the left and right legs relative to the hip joint or the body.
  • the brace proposed in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a first brace 100, a second brace 200 and a pivotable connecting component 300, wherein the first brace 100 fixes the calf and the foot in the circumferential direction of the calf, the second brace 200 accommodates the thigh and is relatively fixed relative to the body, one end of the pivotable connecting component 300 is fixedly connected to the first brace 100, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second brace 200, and the position of the pivot axis of the connecting component when the toes are facing forward is used as a reference, and the installation position of the connecting component 300 on the second brace 200 is such that The pivot axis rotates around the axis of the part of the second brace 200 that accommodates the thigh by an angle required for hip joint correction, so that the first brace 100 can force the calf to rotate the aforementioned angle relative to the forward position of the toes, thereby driving the thigh and the femoral head to rotate synchronously.
  • the second brace 200 is generally fixed relative to the body, so that the first brace 100 rotated relative to the second brace 200 can force the foot, calf, thigh and femoral head to rotate, that is, the femoral head can rotate the aforementioned angle in the hip joint socket, thereby playing a role in hip joint correction or rehabilitation.

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Abstract

本申请公开一种支具，包括第一支具，在小腿部的周向上固定小腿部与脚部；第二支具容纳大腿部，相对于躯体大体保持固定；可枢转的连接组件的一端与第一支具固定连接，另一端与第二支具固定连接，以脚尖朝正前方时连接组件枢轴线的位置为参考，连接组件在第二支具上的安装位置使得该枢轴线围绕第二支具容纳大腿的部分的轴线旋转一个髋关节矫正所需的角度。第一支具迫使小腿部相对于脚尖朝前位置旋转前述角度，从而带动大腿和股骨头同步旋转，第二支具与躯体相对大体固定，因此相对于第二支具旋转了的第一支具迫使脚部、小腿、大腿和股骨头旋转，即股骨头在髋关节窝中旋转了所述角度，从而起到髋关节矫正或康复作用。

Description

一种支具 技术领域
本申请涉及髋关节矫正或康复领域，特别涉及一种支具。
背景技术
在儿童或者青少年中，有一部分人群髋关节存在异常，影响病患者行走的步态，例如出现内八步态或者外八步态。对此，需以支具固定腿部的动作，以期干预髋关节的发育，令患者逐步恢复到正常的走路姿势。还有其他的场景需要使髋关节保持一定的姿态。例如在Perthes病(儿童股骨头缺血性坏死)的恢复期，或者股骨头或股骨颈骨折的患者，最好使患肢股骨头保持在髋关节臼窝中，或使股骨颈保持于某一角度，这两种情况均对应于腿部处于某一角度的姿态。
目前用于矫正髋关节异常的支具，或者保持髋关节姿态的康复支具，只是对腿部进行简单固定，矫正和康复效果较差。
发明内容
本申请提出一种支具，以改善矫正或康复效果。
为实现上述目的，本申请实施例提出一种支具，包括：
第一支具，用于在小腿部的周向上固定至少一侧小腿部与脚部；
第二支具，用于容纳至少一侧大腿部，并相对于躯体相对固定；
可枢转的连接组件，所述连接组件的一端与所述第一支具固定连接，另一端与所述第二支具固定连接，穿戴时该连接组件的枢转轴线与膝关节枢转轴线重合；
所述连接组件在所述第二支具上的安装位置使得所述枢转轴线相对于其在脚尖朝向正前方时的位置，围绕所述第二支具和大腿的轴线旋转一个髋关节矫正所需的角度。
在本申请实施例中，所述第一支具包括小腿支具和脚部支具，所述小腿支具用于套设在小腿部上，所述脚部支具用于套设在脚部上，所述小腿支具与所述脚部支具固定连接，以使所述小腿支具在小腿的周向上与该小腿相对固定。
在本申请实施例中，所述第二支具包括大腿支具和固定装置，所述大腿支具用于套设在大腿部，所述固定装置用于将所述大腿支具相对于躯体相对固定。
在本申请实施例中，所述固定装置包括髋部支具和连接机构，所述髋部支具套设在人体髋部上后与躯体相对固定；
所述连接机构用于将所述大腿支具连接到所述髋部支具。
在本申请实施例中，所述连接机构包括第一连接杆和活动关节，所述活动关节设于所述髋部支具上，所述第一连接杆一端设于所述大腿支具上，另一端设于所述活动关节上；
穿戴时，所述第一连接杆和所述活动关节位于躯体左右两侧，并按照预设自由度活动连接，使得大腿支具能够相对于髋部支具大致在前后方向活动。
在本申请实施例中，所述固定装置为连接件，所述连接件在腿部内侧连接左大腿部和右大腿部的大腿支具，所述连接件至少与待矫正侧大腿支具之间为刚性连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述连接件包括第一连接件和第二连接件，所述第一连接件的一端连接第一侧大腿部的大腿支具，所述第二连接件的一端连接第二侧大腿部的大腿支具，所述第一连接件的另一端与所述第二连接件的另一端连接；
所述连接件与大腿支具之间的角度确定了髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度。
在本申请实施例中，所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件在长度方向上均设有多个螺纹孔，所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件从所述螺纹孔中选择连接件总长度所需的螺纹孔进行螺纹连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件相互连接的一端，在长度方向上的固定连接位置能够无级调节。
在本申请实施例中，所述连接件通过万向节与健康髋关节一侧大腿部的大腿支具连接。
在本申请实施例中，能够通过调整所述连接件与所述大腿支具之间的角度来调整大腿外张的角度。
在本申请实施例中，所述可枢转的连接组件包括第一组件，该第一组件包括通过第一枢转轴连接的第二连接杆和第三连接杆，所述第二连接杆与所述小腿支具固定连接，所述第三连接杆与所述大腿支具固定连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述可枢转的连接组件还包括第二组件，该第二组件包括通过第二枢转轴连接的第四连接杆和第五连接杆，所述第四连接杆与所述小腿支具固定连接，所述第五连接杆与所述大腿支具固定连接，所述第一组件和第二组件分别位于相应腿部的内外两侧，所述第一枢转轴和第二枢转轴的轴线重合。
在本申请实施例中，所述第三连接杆和所述第五连接杆在所述大腿支具周向上的位置可调。
在本申请实施例中，还包括与所述大腿支具同轴线的、设于所述大腿支具外表面的弧形滑轨，所述第三连接杆和所述第五连接杆与所述大腿支具连接的一端分别设有第一滑块，所述第一滑块能够在用户选择的、可调节的位置与所述弧形滑轨固定连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述枢转的连接组件包括至少一个挂钩及至少一个挂环，所述至少一个挂钩沿所述小腿支具的周向设置，所至少一个述挂环沿 所述大腿支具的周向设置；
所述挂钩通过所述挂环与所述大腿支具固定连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述小腿支具的轴线位于所述第二连接杆和所述第四连接杆所在的平面上；
所述大腿支具的轴线位于所述第三连接杆和所述第五连接杆所在的平面上。
在本申请实施例中，所述第二连接杆和所述第三连接杆在所述小腿支具的长度方向上，与所述小腿支具可伸缩连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述小腿支具在长度方向上设有两个滑槽，所述第二连接杆和所述第四连接杆滑动设置于两个所述滑槽内。
在本申请实施例中，所述第二连接杆和所述第四连接杆在长度方向上均设有多个穿孔，所述小腿支具设有与所述穿孔对应的螺纹孔，所述第二连接杆、所述第四连接杆通过所述穿孔和所述螺纹孔，与所述小腿支具螺纹连接。
在本申请实施例中，所述小腿支具和所述脚部支具一体成型。
在本申请实施例中，所述小腿支具设有第一开口，所述第一开口沿所述小腿支具的长度方向贯穿所述小腿支具的侧壁；
所述大腿支具设有第二开口，所述第二开口沿所述大腿支具的长度方向贯穿所述大腿支具的侧壁；
所述第一开口和所述第二开口处均设有绑带。
本申请实施例提出的支具，包括设置第一支具、第二支具和可枢转的连接组件，其中，第一支具在小腿部的周向上固定小腿部与脚部，第二支具容纳大腿部，并且相对于躯体相对固定，可枢转的连接组件的一端与第一支具固定连接，另一端与第二支具固定连接，以脚尖朝正前方时连接组件枢轴线的位置为参考，连接组件在第二支具上的安装位置使得该枢轴线围绕第二支具容纳大腿的部分的轴线旋转一个髋关节矫正所需的角度，从而，第一支具能够具迫使小腿部相对于脚尖朝前位置旋转前述角度，进而带动大腿和股骨头同步旋转，第二支具与躯体相对大体固定，因此，相对于第二支具旋转了的第一支具能够迫使脚步脚部、小腿、大腿和股骨头旋转，即股骨头能够在髋关节窝中旋转了所述角度，从而起到髋关节矫正或康复作用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请支具一实施例的结构示意图；
图2为本申请支具另一实施例的结构示意图；
图3为图2中的支具的局部B的放大图；
图4为本申请支具另一实施例的结构示意图；
图5为本申请支具又一实施例的结构示意图；
图6为本申请支具在单一左腿部的结构示意图；
图7为本申请支具又一实施例的结构示意图；
图8为图7中的支具的右腿大腿支具和右腿小腿支具的结构示意图；
图9为图4中的支具的右腿大腿支具和右腿小腿支具的结构示意图；
图10为图4中的支具的右腿大腿支具和右腿小腿支具在另一实施例中的结构示意图；
图11为图1中的支具的局部A的放大图。
附图标记：100-第一支具，110-小腿支具，120-脚部支具，130-第一开口，200-第二支具，210-大腿支具，220-固定装置，221-髋部支具，222-连接机构，223-第一连接杆，224-活动关节，225-连接件，226-第一连接件，227-第二连接件，228-固定带，230-第二开口，300-连接组件，311-第二连接杆，312-第四连接杆，321-第三连接杆，322-第五连接杆，323-弧形滑轨，331-第一枢转轴，332-第二枢转轴，400-绑带。
本申请目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，若本申请实施例中有涉及方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)，则该方向性指示仅用于解释在特定附图所示的某一特定姿态下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，若本申请实施例中有涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述，则该“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于区分相似技术特征之名称的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
发明人研究发现，人体腿部膝关节的主要运动形式为屈伸运动，屈身运动为二维运动，仅有两个自由度；除了屈伸运动之外，膝关节还可以帮助人体实现有限角度的膝内旋或膝外旋，但是由于膝关节本身的结构限制，膝内旋或膝外旋仅能在屈膝状态下实现、且角度不大(膝内旋的旋转范围为0°～30°、膝外旋的旋转范围为0°～40°)。同时，虽然脚部与小腿不在一条直线上， 且踝关节大体上为可全向运动的关节，但其每一个运动方向的自由度均不大。故总体上，大腿、小腿和脚部三者能够保持在一个平面上。因此，小腿围绕小腿轴线的转动，可以带动整条腿围绕腿部轴线的转动，也就意味着股骨头在髋关节臼窝中相对于骨盆(也就是相对于躯干)向内旋转或向外旋转。例如脚部带动腿部沿轴线向内旋转时，此腿部对应的股骨头相对于髋关节臼窝向内旋转(简称“内旋”)，当脚部带动腿部沿轴线向外旋转时，此腿部对应的股骨头相对于髋关节臼窝向外旋转。当腿部保持于向内旋转的状态时，对应的股骨头则保持于内旋状态，当腿部保持于向外旋转的状态时，对应的股骨头则保持于外旋状态。基于此，本申请提出一种支具，用于对人体髋关节进行矫正或康复。
如图1所示，本申请一实施例提出一种支具，包括：第一支具100，用于在小腿部的周向上固定至少一侧小腿部与脚部；第二支具200，用于容纳至少一侧大腿部，并相对于躯体相对固定；可枢转的连接组件300，所述连接组件300的一端与所述第一支具100固定连接，另一端与所述第二支具200固定连接，穿戴时该连接组件300的枢转轴线与膝关节枢转轴线重合；所述连接组件300在所述第二支具200上的安装位置使得所述枢转轴线相对于其在脚尖朝向正前方时的位置，围绕所述第二支具200和大腿的轴线旋转一个髋关节矫正所需的角度。
其中，第一支具100用于与小腿部相适配，穿戴在人体的小腿部上时能够在脚部的固定作用下，使得第一支具100在腿部的周向上与腿部相对固定。如果脚部带动第一支具100向内旋转，则腿部跟随向内旋转，脚部带动第一支具100向外旋转，则腿部跟随向外旋转；或者反之，若腿部向内旋转，则脚部驱动第一支具100跟随向内旋转，若腿部向外旋转，则脚部驱动第一支具100跟随向外旋转。第一支具100和腿部在向内或向外旋转时，二者之间保持相对静止。另外，第一支具100可以分为左腿第一支具100和右腿第一支具100，左腿第一支具100和右腿第一支具100互为镜像结构，除此之外的功能用途完全一致。用户在使用时，如若只需矫正或康复左侧髋关节，则只需穿戴左腿第一支具100，若只需矫正或康复右侧髋关节，则只需穿戴右腿第一支具100，如若同时矫正或康复左右两侧的髋关节，则左腿和右腿均需要穿戴相应的第一支具100。
如图1所示，在本申请一实施例中，任一侧的第一支具100均可以包括小腿支具110和脚部支具120，所述小腿支具110用于与该侧小腿部适配，所述脚部支具120用于与该侧脚部适配，所述小腿支具110与所述脚部支具120固定连接，以使所述小腿支具110在该侧小腿的周向上与该小腿相对固定。在本申请实施例中，用于适配人体同一侧下肢的小腿支具110和脚部支具120可以是一体成型，然后整体适配人体一侧的脚部和小腿部。在其他实施例中也可以是，用于适配人体任一侧下肢的小腿支具110和脚部支具120均单独成型，小腿支具110适配小腿部位，脚部支具120适配脚部部位，然后将小腿支具110和脚部支具120固定连接，所述固定连接的位置可以适配人体一侧下肢的踝关节处。 从而，脚部带动脚部支具120和小腿支具110向内旋转，则腿部跟随向内旋转，脚部带动脚部支具120和小腿支具110向外旋转，则腿部跟随向外旋转；或者反之，若腿部向内旋转，则脚部驱动脚部支具120和小腿支具110跟随向内旋转，若腿部向外旋转，则脚部驱动脚部支具120和小腿支具110跟随向外旋转。
第二支具200相对于躯体相对固定，需要说明的是，本申请中的第二支具200相对于躯体相对固定，其“相对固定”意思是并非是绝对的固定。由于身体具有柔韧性，人体可以在微小范围内进行一些细微动作，当身体进行一些细微动作时，可能会和第二支具之间产生微小的位移；另外，本申请中的第二支具200与躯体的固定方式，本身还需要为大腿提供一定活动度，比如一定程度的行走动作、坐在地面的活动动作、左右前后的弯腰动作、坐的动作等。本申请中的第二支具200相对于躯体相对固定，只是在人体最常见的姿势下(例如正常站立，正常坐姿)，第二支具200能够使大腿位置相对于躯体保持在或者非常接近矫正所需的位置。换言之，在本说明书的语境下，第二支具200相对于躯体相对固定的实质是，第二支具200能够使大腿相对于髋骨大体保持在矫正所需的位置。
因此，第二支具200还能够为第一支具100在腿部周向上的旋转提供基准，因为第二支具200相对于髋关节(及/或躯体)的位置大体固定，那么当第一支具100和小腿部相对于腿部轴线旋转一定角度，也就是相对于第二支具200旋转了该角度。
第二支具200相对于髋关节及/或躯体的相对固定可以有多种方式。例如，在一个实施例中，如图2所示，第二支具200包括大腿支具210和固定装置220，一个大腿支具210用于与人体一侧下肢的大腿部适配，固定装置220用于将大腿支具210相对于躯体相对固定。同样，本申请所述的固定装置220用于将大腿支具210相对于躯体相对固定，并非是绝对的固定，因为身体具有柔韧性，只是将大腿支具大体的相对躯体固定。比如，固定装置220在人体躯体尤其是髋关节的周向上固定，从而使大腿支具210相对于人体躯体尤其是髋关节固定。例如在本申请实施例中，固定装置220可以是固定在髋关节周围的髋部支具221和连接机构222，髋部支具221的形式可以类似于大腿支具210，也可以是框架式结构，连接机构222能够将大腿支具210在躯体周向上固定连接在髋部支具221上。那么当小腿支具110旋转一定角度后并与大腿支具210连接时，由于所述大腿支具210在躯体周向上是固定在所述髋部支具221上的，即所述大腿支具210不能沿着人体轴线转动，从而保持第一支具100(包括所述小腿支具110)固定，进而保持所述第一支具100内的腿部处于外旋状态或者内旋状态。
但是在该实施方式中，如果大腿支具210和髋部支具221之间的连接机构222采用硬连接的方式，则佩戴支具的患者的腿部与髋关节和躯体之间只能保持固定的姿势，而无法进行前后活动，例如不能躺或坐。为解决此问题，可将连接髋部支具221和大腿支具210的连接机构222，设置成跟膝关节活动方向大体一致的二维(平面)运动结构(例如通过旋转连接方式连接两个支具)， 或者设置成运动幅度按需要受到一定限制的全向运动结构(例如通过万向旋转接头连接两个支具)。
如图3所示，在本申请一实施例中，所述连接机构222包括第一连接杆223和活动关节224，所述活动关节224设于所述髋部支具上221，所述第一连接杆223一端设于所述大腿支具210上，另一端设于所述活动关节224上；穿戴时，所述第一连接杆223和所述活动关节224位于躯体左右两侧，并在躯体前后侧按照预设自由度活动连接，使得大腿支具210能够相对于髋部支具221大致在前后活动。
其中，可以将第一连接杆223和活动关节224均设置在腿部的外侧，活动关节224例如为万向节，活动关节224的活动角度仅限于在躯体前后两侧按照预设的自由度进行活动，而围绕躯体周向的活动则需要被限制，防止大腿支具210相对于躯体周向旋转。
在另一实施例中，所述第一连接杆223和所述活动关节224在躯体左右两侧，按照预设自由度活动连接，需要说明的是此处的左右两侧指的是腿部向躯体左右两侧外展的方向。将第一连接杆223和活动关节224在躯体左右两侧，设置活动自由度，能够允许腿部向躯体的左右两侧进行外展。
如图1、图4所示，在本申请一实施例中，所述固定装置为连接件225，所述连接件225在腿部内侧连接左大腿部和右大腿部的大腿支具210，所述连接件225至少与待矫正侧大腿支具210之间为刚性连接。
如图1、图4所示，在另一个实施例中，通过连接件225相互连接起来的左右腿部两个大腿支具210共同构成相对于躯体(髋关节)在周向上维持相对固定的机制。其中，连接件225与“待矫正”一侧大腿支具210之间的刚性连接，健康一侧的大腿支具210在一般位置状态下的位置，可以强迫待矫正一侧大腿相对于身体整体处于所需的位置(由连接件225与大腿支具210之间的角度和连接件225的长度决定大腿外张角度，以及相对于髋骨的位置)。如果两侧髋关节都需要同时矫正，则连接件225与两侧大腿支具210均是刚性连接，并分别由于对方侧的约束作用而相对固定己方的位置。尽管双腿无论是单独还是一起，都可以相对于躯体和髋关节活动，但是当双腿保持相对固定位置连接起来时，其相对于髋关节的活动幅度是有限的。而且，人体在通常姿势下，双腿构成的平面都大体与躯体和髋关节所在平面一致，或者在统计平均上是一致的。
因此，当以双腿的整体为参照位置时，第一支具100形成的内旋或者外旋，在大多数时间，或者在统计平均意义上，能够保持腿部相对于髋关节或者躯体的内旋或者外旋，从而起到矫正或者康复的作用。需要说明的是，在本实施例中，即使例如只需要矫正左腿，但右腿仍然需要有大腿支具210(但是由于不需要矫正右腿，因此可以不需要右腿的第一支具100，或者也可以将其设置于正常姿态)，以便与左腿的大腿支具210一起构成固定结构，此时，连接件225可以仅仅与左腿部(待矫正侧大腿)的大腿支具210刚性连接，而无需与右腿部(无需矫正侧大腿)的大腿支具刚性连接。而当左右两侧髋关节均 需矫正时，连接件225则需要与左腿部的大腿支具210及右腿部的大腿支具210均刚性连接。
在本申请一实施例中，可以在左右大腿部的大腿支具210之间设置连接件225，通过连接件225将左大腿部的大腿支具210和右腿大腿部的大腿支具210连接，从而使左大腿部的大腿支具210和右腿大腿部的大腿支具210，联合在躯体周向形成固定结构。
不同年龄、身高的使用者腿部之间的距离可能有所不同，因此可以根据使用者左右大腿部之间的距离进行设定连接件225的长度。另外也可以设置长度可以伸缩调节的连接件225，以提高通用性。比如，在本申请又一实施例中，连接件225可以包括第一连接件226和第二连接件227，所述第一连接件226的一端连接第一侧大腿部的大腿支具210，所述第二连接件227的一端连接第二侧大腿部的大腿支具210，所述第一连接件226的另一端与所述第二连接件227的另一端连接，所述连接件225与大腿支具210之间的角度确定了髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度。
如图5所示，在本申请实施例中，所述第一连接件226和所述第二连接件227在长度方向上均设有多个螺纹孔，所述第一连接件226和所述第二连接件227从所述螺纹孔中选择连接件225总长度所需的螺纹孔进行螺纹连接。比如，第一连接件226和第二连接件227在长度方向上均设有多个螺纹孔，从而第一连接件226和第二连接件227在连接时，可以根据连接件226所需要的总长度选择适当的螺纹孔进行螺纹连接。
在本申请另一实施例中，所述第一连接件226和所述第二连接件227相互连接的一端，在长度方向上的固定连接位置能够无级调节。
比如，在其他实施例中，也可以将第一连接件226和第二连接件227设置成滑动连接，比如在第一连接件226上设置滑轨，将第二连接件227设置在滑轨上，通过滑动来调节左右大腿部之间的距离。又比如，还可以将第一连接件226设置成空心，并将所述第一连接件226套设在第二连接件227的外侧，从而也能够形成滑动连接的形式。需要说明的是，当第一连接件226和第二连接件227滑动连接时，当二者相对滑动至合适长度位置时，仍然是固定连接，即第一连接件226和第二连接件227在长度方向上的固定连接位置能够无级调节。
通过上述螺纹连接或者滑动连接的形式，均能够达到调节左右大腿之间的距离的目的，此种形式除了能够适应不同身高、体重、年龄的使用者之外，当使用者的髋关节需要外展矫正或康复时，也可以通过调节连接件225的长度以达到外展矫正的目的。
比如，使用者的左右两侧的髋关节需要向外侧矫正，此时就可以适当增加连接件225的长度，从而使左腿部的大腿支具210和右腿部的大腿支具210均向外侧扩展，当使用者穿戴后，左腿部和右腿部相较于常态下均向外侧扩展，从而左腿部带动左侧髋关节向外侧扩展，右腿部带动右侧髋关节向外侧扩展，从而对髋关节起到向外侧扩展的矫正或康复目的。
另外，如图5所示，还可以将第一连接件226、第二连接件227与大腿支具210连接的一端设置适当的弯折角度，以配合双腿进行外展矫正其中，第一连接件226、第二连接227与大腿支具210连接的一端的弯折角度可以根据髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度设定，根据不同的外展角度，设置不同的弯折角度。对于髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度而言，可以通过连接件225与两个大腿支具210之间的角度确定。其中，连接件225与两个大腿支具位于连接件225靠上的部分大致构成等腰三角形结构，两个大腿支具210为该等腰三角形的两个腰，连接件225为该等腰三角形的底边，当确定了髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度时，即该等腰三角形的顶角已知，那么对于该等腰三角形的底角就可以计算得到，从而设置连接件225与大腿支具210之间的夹角为该相应大小的底角，即可保证两个大腿支具210能够提供髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度。
在另一实施例中，能够通过调整所述连接件225与所述大腿支具210之间的角度来调整大腿外张的角度。比如，第一连接件226和第二连接件227可以采用铰接的方式与大腿支具210连接，从而根据需要外展的角度，通过第一连接件226和第二连接件227调节左右大腿支具210之间的距离，而第一连接件226和第二连接件227均与大腿支具210铰接，因此在调节第一连接件226和第二连接件227之间的距离时，大腿支具210与第一连接件226和第二连接件227的角度可以随之调节。
如图5所示，在本申请另一实施例中，所述连接件225通过万向节与健康髋关节一侧大腿部的大腿支具210连接。比如，假设需要矫正或康复的仅仅是左侧侧髋关节，那么连接件225与右侧大腿部的大腿支具210则可以通过万向节连接，从而可以增加健康一侧的右侧大腿的活动度，对于需要矫正的左侧大腿以及整个髋部的位置，则可以通过右侧健康大腿来固定。
在另一实施例中，如图6所示，固定装置220还可以为一条固定带228，以左腿大腿支具210为例，穿戴时，将左腿大腿支具210套设在左腿大腿外围，然后将固定带228固定在腰部或者躯体上，比如可以将固定带228绕腰部或者躯体缠绕若干圈后形成固定连接，从而在躯体周向固定的固定带228牵引大腿支具210，使其不会在左腿大腿周向上旋转。
如图4所示，在本申请实施例中，连接组件300用于连接第一支具100和第二支具200，第二支具200用于容纳大腿的部分的周向上具有至少一个连接工位。比如，在一种实施方式中，第二支具200用于容纳大腿的部分的周向上仅设有一个连接工位，通过该连接工位形成使第一支具100相对于第二支具200固定的机制(例如前述实施例中与髋关节或者躯体相关联的固定平面，或者左右两侧的第二支具200共同形成的固定平面)在周向上旋转希望的角度，如向内旋转5°或15°等(具体角度数值取决于矫正或者康复的需要，可以根据实际情况决定。在只有一个连接工位的情况下，由于度数不可调，整个支具需要依据矫正或康复方案进行定制)，那么使用者穿戴时，第一支具100可以带动腿部向内旋转5°或15°等，然后通过此连接工位将第一支具100通过连接组件300固定连接在第二支具200上，从而可以使使用者的股骨头按照5°或 15°的矫正幅度相对于髋关节向内侧旋转。需要说明的是，第一支具在向内旋转5°或15°时，连接组件同样向内旋转5°或15°，即连接组件的轴线围绕所述第二支具用于容纳大腿的部分的轴线旋转一个角度，此一个角度为矫正或者康复所需要的角度，并非限定某一个固定的角度。
在其他实施例中，第二支具200还可以设置多个连接工位。比如，在第一支具100带动腿部向内旋转10°后与第二支具200连接的工位，或者第一支具100带动腿部向外旋转10°后与第二支具200200连接的工位。本实施例中的多个连接工位的具体数量不做限制，可以是多个固定矫正角度的连接工位，也可以是任意矫正角度的连接工位，即无论第一支具100是向内旋转一定角度，还是向外旋转一定角度，第二支具200都能提供相应的连接工位供第一支具100和第二支具200连接。在这种情况下，本实施例的矫正或者康复支具就较具有通用性，任何使用者，均可以按照矫正或康复方案进程，选择恰当的连接工位即可，而不必单独定制特定角度的支具。
如图6所示，在本申请实施例中，所述可枢转的连接组件300包括第一组件，该第一组件包括通过第一枢转轴331连接的第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321，所述第二连接杆311与所述小腿支具110固定连接，所述第三连接杆321与所述大腿支具210固定连接。
如图3所示，在本申请实施例中，所述第一组件可以包括第二连接杆311，所述第二连接杆311在所述小腿支具110的周向上与所述小腿支具110固定连接，且所述第二连接杆311与所述小腿支具110的轴线平行设置；所述第二组件包括第三连接杆321，所述第三连接杆321在所述大腿支具210的周向上与所述大腿支具210固定连接，且所述第三连接杆321与所述大腿支具210的轴线平行设置；所述第二连接杆311和所述第三连接杆321位于腿部的同侧，所述小腿支具110旋转预设角度后，所述第二连接杆311和所述第三连接杆321连接。
其中，第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321可以均为长条形的连接杆，第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321同时位于腿部则内侧，或者同时位于腿部的外侧。如图8所示，图8为图7中的右腿部的大腿支具210和小腿支具110的连接示意图，其中，第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321均位于腿部的外侧，第三连接杆321的位置位于大腿支具210正左侧向内旋转转10°的位置，这里的“10°”即为矫正或康复角度，而第二连接杆311位于小腿支具110正右侧的位置。因此，小腿支具110和大腿支具210连接时，小腿支具110需要向内侧旋转10°，第二连接杆311才能和第三连接杆连接，连接后小腿支具110以及与小腿支具110连接的脚部支具120已经向内侧旋转了10°，那么当使用者使用此支具时，右侧脚部将会向内侧旋转10°的，同时右侧股骨头也同步的向内侧旋转10°，当使用者的右腿部穿戴此支具后，右侧小腿部和右侧脚部被右侧的小腿支具110和脚部支具120限制，而右侧小腿支具110又通过第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321连接，因此大腿支具210通过第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321持续的向小腿支具110提供向内侧旋转的牵引力，从而右侧脚部就会持续的处于向内旋转 10°的状态，也就可以使使用者右腿的股骨头处于按照向腿部内侧旋转10°的矫正幅度相对于髋关节向内侧旋转的状态，从而对右侧髋关节起到内旋10°的矫正或康复作用。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，需要将右侧髋关节向内侧旋转矫正或康复10°，因此将第三连接杆321设置在从大腿支具210正右侧向内侧旋转10°的位置。
在其他实施例中，也可以是矫正或康复其他的旋转幅度，比如5°或者15°，而且也可以是向外侧旋转矫正或康复，无论是向内侧旋转矫正或者康复，还是向外侧旋转矫正还是康复，将第三连接杆321设置在大腿支具210外侧壁向内侧或者外侧旋转相应角度数的位置处既可，从而使小腿支具110需要向内侧或者外侧旋转该预设角度后，才能通过第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321连接。
如图4所示，在本申请实施例中，所述可枢转的连接组件300还包括第二组件，该第二组件包括通过第二枢转轴332连接的第四连接杆312和第五连接杆322，所述第四连接杆312与所述小腿支具110固定连接，所述第五连接杆322与所述大腿支具210固定连接，所述第一组件和第二组件分别位于相应腿部的内外两侧，所述第一枢转轴331和第二枢转轴332的轴线重合。其中，所述第四连接杆312在所述小腿支具110的周向上与所述第二连接杆311平行设置，所述第二连接杆311和所述第四连接杆312分别位于所述小腿支具110的内外两侧；所述第五连接杆322在所述大腿支具210的周向上与所述第三连接杆321平行设置，所述第三连接杆321和所述第五连接杆322分别位于所述小腿部的内外两侧；所述小腿支具110旋转预设角度后，所述第二连接杆311和所述第三连接杆321连接，所述第四连接杆312和所述第五连接杆322连接。如图9所示，图9为图4中的右侧腿部上的小腿支具110和大腿支具210的示意图，在本申请实施例中，第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321分别位于小腿支具110和大腿支具210的外侧，第四连接杆312和第五连接杆322位于分别位于小腿支具110和大腿支具210的内侧。仍以右侧髋关节需要向内侧旋转矫正10°为例，第三连接杆321位于大腿支具210正右侧向内侧旋转10°的位置，第五连接杆322位于大腿支具210正左侧从后向外旋转10度的位置，第二连接杆311位于小腿支具110正右侧的位置，第四支具位于小腿支具110正左侧的位置。因此，小腿支具110与大腿支具210连接时，小腿支具110需要向内侧旋转10°，第二连接杆311才能与第三连接杆321连接，同时第四连接杆312才能与第五连接杆322连接，连接后小腿支具110以及与小腿支具110连接的脚部支具120已经向内侧旋转了10°。那么当使用者使用此支具时，右侧腿部将向内侧旋转10°，同时右侧股骨头同步的向内侧旋转10°，当腿部穿戴此支具后，右侧脚部被右侧脚部支具120限制，右侧脚部支具120与小腿支具110固定连接，而大腿支具210通过第三连接杆321和第五连杆接杆持续的向第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312提供向腿部内侧的牵引力，从而右侧小腿部和脚部就会持续的处于向内旋转的状态，从而可以使使用者的右侧股骨头处于按照10°的矫正幅度相对于右侧 髋关节向内侧旋转的状态，从而对右侧髋关节起到内旋10°的矫正或康复作用。
本申请一实施例中，在小腿支具110和大腿支具210内外两侧均可以设置连接杆。在矫正或者康复过程中，分别从腿部内外两侧向小腿支具110提供牵引力，一方面受力更加的均匀，另一方面能够提供更加牢固的牵引力，防止小腿支具110在躯体周向上旋转。
在本申请实施例中，所述第三连接杆321和所述第五连接杆322在所述大腿支具210周向上的位置可调。如图10所示，图10为右腿大腿支具210和右腿小腿支具110的结构示意图，左侧为腿部内侧，右侧为腿部外侧，a1、a2分别为大腿支具210的正左侧和正右侧，b1、b2分别为小腿支具110的正左侧和正右侧。当第三连接杆321位于a2位置时，第五连接杆322位于a1位置，当第三连接杆321位于a6位置时，第五连接杆322位于a3位置，当第三连接杆321位于a5位置时，第五连接杆322位于a4位置，即，第三连接杆321可以调节至大腿支具210正右侧位置向腿部内侧的区域，也可以调节至大腿支具210正右侧位置向腿部外侧的区域，同样，第五连接杆322可以调节至大腿支具210正左侧侧向腿部内侧的区域，也可以调节至大腿支具210正左侧向腿部外侧的区域。至于第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322的具体位置，则可以根据矫正方向和矫正角度决定。需要说明的是，第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322在调节过程中是同步调节的。
比如，对于右腿而言，当右腿髋关节需要向内侧矫正或康复时，可以将第五连接杆322设置在a3位置，将第三连接杆321设置在a6位置，从而小腿支具110上位于b1位置的第四连接杆312和位于b2位置的第二连接杆311，需要向内侧旋转一定角度之后，才能够分别与第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322在腿部周向上固定连接。当右腿髋关节需要向外侧矫正或康复时，可以将第五连接杆322设置在a4位置，将第三连接杆321设置在a5位置，从而小腿支具110需要向外侧旋转一定角度之后，第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312才能够分别与第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322在腿部周向上固定连接。
使用时，首先将第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322调整至相应的位置，然后将小腿支具110旋转相应的角度后与大腿支具210连接，而后用户就可以穿戴该支具进行矫正或者康复。
如图1、图4、图11所示，在本申请实施例中，还包括与所述大腿支具210同轴线的、设于所述大腿支具210外表面的弧形滑轨323，所述第三连接杆321和所述第五连接杆322与所述大腿支具210连接的一端分别设有第一滑块，所述第一滑块能够在用户选择的、可调节的位置与所述弧形滑轨323固定连接。其中，图11为图1中A区域的局部放大图，弧形滑轨323套设在大腿支具210的外侧，第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322上均设有第一滑块，第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322均通过第一滑块设置在弧形滑轨323中，从而第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322均可以通过第一滑块在弧形滑轨323内滑动。需要说明的是，当第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322在弧形滑轨323 内滑动至合适位置后，仍然与弧形滑轨323固定连接。那么当髋关节需要向腿部内侧矫正或康复时，可以将第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322沿滑槽向腿部内侧滑动至合适位置，然后固定，而后，再将小腿支具110向内侧旋转相应的角度，再通过第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312分别与第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322连接，然后再供使用者穿戴；当髋关节需要向腿部外侧矫正或康复时，可以将第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322沿弧形滑轨323向腿部外侧滑动至合适位置，然后固定，而后，再将小腿支具110向外侧旋转相应的角度，再通过第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312分别与第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322连接，然后再供使用者穿戴。通过设置弧形滑轨323，无论需要向内侧矫正还是需要向外侧矫正，以及无论任何矫正角度，都可以通过弧形滑轨323进行设置，提高通用性。
如图1、图4所示，在本申请实施例中，所述第二连接杆311和所述第三连接杆321在膝关节弯曲方向上旋转连接，所述第四连接杆312和所述第五连接杆322在膝关节弯曲方向上旋转连接。通过在大腿支具210的内外两侧分别设置第五连接杆322和第三连接杆321，在小腿支具110的内外两侧分别设置第四连接杆312和第二连接杆311，从而当第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312分别与第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322连接后，在腿部的周向上，各个连接杆与大腿支具210和小腿支具110形成固定连接，保证小腿支具110不会绕小腿旋转角度过大，损伤使用者腿部或膝盖。在本申请实施例中，还可以将第二连接杆311与第三连接杆321在膝关节弯曲方向上设置成旋转连接，将第四连接杆312与第五连接杆322在膝关节弯曲方向设置成旋转连接。比如在第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321连接的一端设置第一枢转轴331，以及在第四连接杆312和第五连接杆322连接的一端设置第二枢转轴332，通过第一枢转轴331，使第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321在膝关节弯曲方向形成旋转连接，通过第二枢转轴332使第四连接杆312和第五连接杆322在膝关节弯曲方向形成旋转连接，那么使用者在穿戴本实施例的支具后，不会影响膝盖的弯曲功能。
如图9、图10所示，在本申请实施例中，所述小腿支具110的轴线位于所述第二连接杆311和所述第四连接杆312所在的平面上；所述大腿支具210的轴线位于所述第三连接杆321和所述第五连接杆322所在的平面上。将第二连接杆311、第四连接杆312以及小腿支具110的轴线设置在同一平面，并且将第三连接杆321、第五连接杆322以及大腿支具210的轴线设置在同一个平面，那么在穿戴状态下，第二连接杆311、第四连接杆312、用户的小腿部轴线，以及第三连接杆321、第五连接杆322、用户的大腿部轴线，均位于同一个平面上，而且第二连接杆311和第三连接杆321，以及第四连接杆312和第五连接杆322，分别从腿部轴线对称的两侧向小腿支具110提供牵引力，使小腿支具110的受力更加的均匀，具有更好的矫正效果。
在本申请实施例中，第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312在小腿支具110的长度方向上与小腿支具110可伸缩连接。从而在穿戴时，可以通过伸缩调 节第二连接杆311、第四连接杆312伸出小腿支具110长度，来适应不同身高、体重、年龄的用户。不仅可以满足不同身高/腿长的人群，而且用户在矫正的过程中，随着年龄增长身高的变化，也可以做适应性的调整。
其中，实现调节第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312伸出小腿支具110的长度的方式有很多种。比如，如图1所示，在本申请实施例中，所述第二连接杆311和所述第四连接杆312在长度方向上均设有多个穿孔，所述小腿支具110设有与所述穿孔对应的螺纹孔，所述第二连接杆311、所述第四连接杆312通过所述穿孔和所述螺纹孔，与所述小腿支具110螺纹连接。其中，在小腿支具110的内外两侧均间隔设置有多个螺纹孔，每一侧的多个螺纹孔均沿小腿支具110的长度方向排列，第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312在其长度方向上也设置有多个穿孔，通过螺钉即可将第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312固定在小腿支具110的内外两侧。需要调节位置时，松动螺钉，将第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312调节至合适的位置，再通过螺钉拧紧即可。需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，还可以将大腿支具210上第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322也进行类似的设置，那么第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322也可以在大腿支具210的长度方向上进行调节位置，以改变第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322伸出大腿支具210的长度。
又比如，在另一个实施例中，所述小腿支具110在长度方向上设有两个滑槽，所述第二连接杆311和所述第四连接杆312滑动设置于两个所述滑槽内。其中，两个滑槽分别位于小腿支具110的内外两侧与第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312对应的位置。从而可以通过上下滑动第二连接杆311和第四连接杆312，以适应不同长度的腿部。需要说明的是，在其他实施例中，还可以在大腿支具210设置类似的滑槽，并将第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322设置在相应的滑槽内，从而第三连接杆321和第五连接杆322也可以在大腿支具210的长度方向进行滑动，以调节伸出大腿支具210的长度。
在本申请另一实施中，所述枢转的连接组件300包括至少一个挂钩及至少一个挂环，所述至少一个挂钩沿所述小腿支具110的周向设置，所至少一个述挂环沿所述大腿支具210的周向设置；所述挂钩通过所述挂环与所述大腿支具210固定连接。比如在一个实施例中，在小腿支具110上设置一个挂钩，在大腿支具210的周向设置五个挂环，挂钩位于小腿支具110的外侧壁靠上边缘位置，五个挂环位于大腿支具210外侧壁靠下边缘位置，五个挂环在大腿支具210的周向上间隔设置，从而在穿戴时，将小腿支具110向内旋转或向外旋转后，能够将挂钩挂接在相应的挂环上，通过挂钩、挂环也可以向小腿支具110提供持续的牵引力。选择不同的挂环进行挂接，就代表旋转不同的角度，用户可以根据需要矫正或康复的程度，选择不同的挂环进行挂接小腿支具110上的挂钩。同样，在另一个实施例中，也可以是，在小腿支具110的外侧壁上设置两个挂钩，两个挂钩分别位于小腿的内外两侧，两个挂钩的连线经过小腿支具110的轴线，小腿支具110旋转一定角度后，分别将内外两个挂钩挂接在大腿支具210对应的挂环上。另外，在其他实施例中， 小腿支具110还可以设置更多个挂钩，大腿支具210上还可以设置其他数量的挂环，根据需要矫正的角度，选择不同的挂环进行挂接，方便用户使用。
如图1、图4所示，在本申请实施例中，小腿支具110上设有第一开口130，大腿支具210上设有第二开口230，第一开口130沿着小腿支具110的长度方向，上下贯穿整个小腿支具110的侧壁，第二开口230沿着大腿支具210的长度方向，上下贯穿整个大腿支具210的侧壁。其中，第一开口130和第二开口230的宽度可以根据使用人群进行设置。比如，将第一开口130和第二开口230分别设置成四分之一腿围，小腿支具110、大腿支具210分别为小腿和大腿腿围的四分之三形状。此种设置一方面比较容易穿戴，另一方面还可以在开口两侧设置绑带400，当用户穿戴上小腿支具110和大腿支具210后，可以根据用户小腿和大腿的粗细，使用绑带400进行调整小腿支具110和大腿支具210的容积至合适的大小。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中使用的“大体”或者类似词汇的具体含义并不是含混不清的，只是表示可以按照实际情况进行机械结构的设置，而不需要完全按照某个精度或标准来进行设置。一方面，由于人体的复杂性，某些特征不是绝对的。例如前文提及的踝关节不是绝对的二维(平面)运动关节，但其作为全向运动关节的活动幅度有限，因此在本申请的意义上可以视为二维(平面)运动关节，从而实现通过旋转脚的方向而实现旋转腿部的目的。同样，由于具有生命的人需要活动，并需要舒适度，在矫正和康复的过程中不需要保持某个动作的百分之百精准，而只需要在大多数时间或者在统计平均的意义上保持某个动作，即可实现康复或者矫正的目的。同样以踝关节为例，尽管脚部可以相对于小腿在周向上向左或者向右旋转一定角度，但是正常人都会舒服地将脚部置于0旋转的位置，那么本申请实施例的第一支具100的旋转角度即可以此为准。在实际使用中，由于踝关节仍具有一定的灵活性，在特定时刻，腿部的内旋或者外旋角度可能偏离设定值，但统计平均上仍然是在设定值。对于左右腿构成的平面相对于髋关节或者躯体的位置来说同样如此。
本申请实施例提出的支具，通过设置第一支具100、第二支具200和可枢转的连接组件300，其中，第一支具100在小腿部的周向上固定小腿部与脚部，第二支具200容纳大腿部，并且相对于躯体相对固定，可枢转的连接组件300的一端与第一支具100固定连接，另一端与第二支具200固定连接，以脚尖朝正前方时连接组件枢轴线的位置为参考，连接组件300在第二支具200上的安装位置使得该枢轴线围绕第二支具200容纳大腿的部分的轴线旋转一个髋关节矫正所需的角度，从而，第一支具100能够具迫使小腿部相对于脚尖朝前位置旋转前述角度，进而带动大腿和股骨头同步旋转，第二支具200与躯体相对大体固定，因此，相对于第二支具200旋转了的第一支具100能够迫使脚步脚部、小腿、大腿和股骨头旋转，即股骨头能够在髋关节窝中旋转了所述角度，从而起到髋关节矫正或康复作用。
以上所述仅为本申请的可选实施例，并非因此限制本申请的专利范围， 凡是在本申请的发明构思下，利用本申请说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本申请的专利保护范围内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种支具，用于人体髋关节矫正，其特征在于，包括：
    第一支具，用于在小腿部的周向上固定至少一侧小腿部与脚部；
    第二支具，用于容纳至少一侧大腿部，并相对于躯体相对固定；
    可枢转的连接组件，所述连接组件的一端与所述第一支具固定连接，另一端与所述第二支具固定连接，穿戴时该连接组件的枢转轴线与膝关节枢转轴线重合；
    所述连接组件在所述第二支具上的安装位置使得所述枢转轴线相对于其在脚尖朝向正前方时的位置，围绕所述第二支具和大腿的轴线旋转一个髋关节矫正所需的角度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第一支具包括小腿支具和脚部支具，所述小腿支具用于套设在小腿部上，所述脚部支具用于套设在脚部上，所述小腿支具与所述脚部支具固定连接，以使所述小腿支具在小腿的周向上与该小腿相对固定。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第二支具包括大腿支具和固定装置，所述大腿支具用于套设在大腿部，所述固定装置用于将所述大腿支具相对于躯体相对固定。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的支具，其特征在于，所述固定装置包括髋部支具和连接机构，所述髋部支具套设在人体髋部上后与躯体相对固定；
    所述连接机构用于将所述大腿支具连接到所述髋部支具。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的支具，其特征在于，所述连接机构包括第一连接杆和活动关节，所述活动关节设于所述髋部支具上，所述第一连接杆一端设于所述大腿支具上，另一端设于所述活动关节上；
    穿戴时，所述第一连接杆和所述活动关节位于躯体左右两侧，并按照预设自由度活动连接，使得大腿支具能够相对于髋部支具大致在前后方向活动。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的支具，其特征在于，所述固定装置为连接件，所述连接件在腿部内侧连接左大腿部和右大腿部的大腿支具，所述连接件至少与待矫正侧大腿支具之间为刚性连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的支具，其特征在于，所述连接件包括第一连接件和第二连接件，所述第一连接件的一端连接第一侧大腿部的大腿支具，所述第二连接件的一端连接第二侧大腿部的大腿支具，所述第一连接件的另一端与所述第二连接件的另一端连接；
    所述连接件与大腿支具之间的角度确定了髋关节矫正所需的大腿外张角度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件在长度方向上均设有多个螺纹孔，所述第一连接件和所述第二连接件从所述螺纹孔中选择连接件总长度所需的螺纹孔进行螺纹连接。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第一连接件和所述第二 连接件相互连接的一端，在长度方向上的固定连接位置能够无级调节。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的支具，其特征在于，所述连接件通过万向节与健康髋关节一侧大腿部的大腿支具连接。
  11. 如权利要求7-10之一所述的支具，能够通过调整所述连接件与所述大腿支具之间的角度来调整大腿外张的角度。
  12. 如权利要求2所述的支具，其特征在于，所述可枢转的连接组件包括第一组件，该第一组件包括通过第一枢转轴连接的第二连接杆和第三连接杆，所述第二连接杆与所述小腿支具固定连接，所述第三连接杆与所述大腿支具固定连接。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的支具，其特征在于，所述可枢转的连接组件还包括第二组件，该第二组件包括通过第二枢转轴连接的第四连接杆和第五连接杆，所述第四连接杆与所述小腿支具固定连接，所述第五连接杆与所述大腿支具固定连接，所述第一组件和第二组件分别位于相应腿部的内外两侧，所述第一枢转轴和第二枢转轴的轴线重合。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第三连接杆和所述第五连接杆在所述大腿支具周向上的位置可调。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的支具，其特征在于，还包括与所述大腿支具同轴线的、设于所述大腿支具外表面的弧形滑轨，所述第三连接杆和所述第五连接杆与所述大腿支具连接的一端分别设有第一滑块，所述第一滑块能够在用户选择的、可调节的位置与所述弧形滑轨固定连接。
  16. 如权利要求2所述的支具，其特征在于，所述枢转的连接组件包括至少一个挂钩及至少一个挂环，所述至少一个挂钩沿所述小腿支具的周向设置，所至少一个述挂环沿所述大腿支具的周向设置；
    所述挂钩通过所述挂环与所述大腿支具固定连接。
  17. 如权利要求13所述的支具，其特征在于，所述小腿支具的轴线位于所述第二连接杆和所述第四连接杆所在的平面上；
    所述大腿支具的轴线位于所述第三连接杆和所述第五连接杆所在的平面上。
  18. 如权利要求13所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第二连接杆和所述第三连接杆在所述小腿支具的长度方向上，与所述小腿支具可伸缩连接。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的支具，其特征在于，所述小腿支具在长度方向上设有两个滑槽，所述第二连接杆和所述第四连接杆滑动设置于两个所述滑槽内。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的支具，其特征在于，所述第二连接杆和所述第四连接杆在长度方向上均设有多个穿孔，所述小腿支具设有与所述穿孔对应的螺纹孔，所述第二连接杆、所述第四连接杆通过所述穿孔和所述螺纹孔，与所述小腿支具螺纹连接。
  21. 如权利要求2所述的支具，其特征在于，所述小腿支具和所述脚部支具一体成型。
  22. 如权利要求3所述的支具，其特征在于，所述小腿支具设有第一开口，所述第一开口沿所述小腿支具的长度方向贯穿所述小腿支具的侧壁；
    所述大腿支具设有第二开口，所述第二开口沿所述大腿支具的长度方向贯穿所述大腿支具的侧壁；
    所述第一开口和所述第二开口处均设有绑带。
PCT/CN2023/124226 2022-10-13 2023-10-12 一种支具 WO2024078573A1 (zh)

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