WO2024075263A1 - Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station - Google Patents

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives information pertaining to a channel state information (CSI) resource for measuring past CSI information, and a control unit that implements CSI prediction on the basis of the measurement result of the CSI resource. According to the aspect of the present disclosure, favorable overhead reduction / channel estimation / resource usage can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher capacity and greater sophistication over LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also under consideration.

In terms of future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network/device control and management is being considered.

Spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction and temporal DL beam prediction are being considered as use cases for utilizing AI models. Such beam prediction methods may be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting) or AI-based beam management (BM). Temporal DL beam prediction may be called, for example, time domain Channel State Information (CSI) prediction.

Incidentally, in the discussions of Rel. 18 NR, in addition to the AI model-based time-domain CSI prediction mentioned above, time-domain CSI prediction that does not use an AI model (e.g., using a function for a specific prediction) is also being considered.

However, there are many aspects of the input and output of such AI models/prediction functions that have yet to be considered. For example, the resource settings (number of resources, period, selection method, etc.) for channel measurements to obtain past information for input to the AI model/prediction function have yet to be considered. In addition, the base station's recognition of which channel information for the prediction result is for the output of the AI model/prediction function (number of resources, period, selection method, etc.) has yet to be considered. In addition, the reporting settings for predicted channel information (CSI) have yet to be considered.

As such, unless sufficient consideration is given to the settings for CSI prediction, appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization may not be achieved, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can achieve optimal overhead reduction/channel estimation/resource utilization.

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives information about a CSI resource for measuring past channel state information (CSI), and a control unit that performs CSI prediction based on the measurement results of the CSI resource.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to achieve optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing AI models. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating an example of an AI-based beam report. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing an example of a CSI reporting configuration related to prediction in embodiment 1.1. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a CSI reporting configuration related to prediction in embodiment 1.1. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of a MAC CE for instructing CSI prediction in embodiment 1.2. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an example of a MAC CE for indicating CSI prediction in embodiment 1.2. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a P/SP-historical CSI resource. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of information related to P/SP-historical CSI resources. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of information related to P/SP-historical CSI resources. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of information related to P/SP-historical CSI resources. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of information related to P/SP-historical CSI resources. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of an A-historical CSI resource. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of an A-historical CSI resource. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an A-historical CSI resource. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of an A-historical CSI resource. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding A-historical CSI resources. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding A-historical CSI resources. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding A-historical CSI resources. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding A-historical CSI resources. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of P/SP-Future CSI resources. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP-Future CSI resources. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP-Future CSI resources. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP-Future CSI resources. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP-Future CSI resources. FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of P/SP/A-Future CSI resources. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP/A-Future CSI resources. FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP/A-Future CSI resources. FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP/A-Future CSI resources. FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of information regarding P/SP/A-Future CSI resources. FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reporting time. FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating an example of information regarding a report time. FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

(Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI)) Technology to Wireless Communications)
Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network/device control and management is being considered.

For example, it is being considered that terminals (user equipment (UE))/base stations (BS)) will utilize AI technology to improve channel state information (CSI) feedback (e.g., reducing overhead, improving accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improving accuracy, prediction in the time/space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improving position estimation/prediction).

The AI model may output at least one piece of information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. based on the input information. The UE/BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI model, and output highly accurate channel state information/measurements/beam selection/position, future channel state information/radio link quality, etc.

In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a target, object, data, function, program, etc.) having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics:
- Estimation based on observed or collected information;
- making choices based on observed or collected information;
- Predictions based on observed or collected information.

In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus such as a UE or a BS, or a device. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program/model/entity that operates in the apparatus.

In addition, in the present disclosure, an AI model may be interpreted as an object having (implementing) at least one of the following characteristics:
- Producing estimates by feeding information,
- Predicting estimates by providing information
- Discover features by providing information,
- Select an action by providing information.

In addition, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, the AI model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

In this disclosure, the term "autoencoder" may be interchangeably referred to as any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoder/decoder of this disclosure may employ models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, and RefineNet.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, encoder, encoding, encoding/encoded, modification/alteration/control by an encoder, compressing, compress/compressed, generating, generate/generated, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, the terms decoder, decoding, decode/decoded, modification/alteration/control by a decoder, decompressing, decompress/decompressed, reconstructing, reconstruct/reconstructed, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, a layer (of an AI model) may be interchangeably read as a layer (input layer, intermediate layer, etc.) used in an AI model. A layer in the present disclosure may correspond to at least one of an input layer, intermediate layer, output layer, batch normalization layer, convolution layer, activation layer, dense layer, normalization layer, pooling layer, attention layer, dropout layer, fully connected layer, etc.

In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, and the like. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in the environment with which the model interacts.

In this disclosure, terms such as generate, calculate, derive, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as implement, operate, operate, execute, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as train, learn, update, retrain, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as infer, after-training, live use, actual use, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as signal and signal/channel may be interchangeable.

Figure 1 shows an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, each stage related to the AI model is shown as a block. This example is also expressed as life cycle management of an AI model.

The data collection stage corresponds to the stage of collecting data for generating/updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training/model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training/model inference), etc.

In addition, data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI model training/data analysis/inference. In this disclosure, process and procedure may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, collection may also refer to obtaining a data set (e.g., usable as input/output) for training/inference of an AI model based on measurements (channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, position estimation, etc.).

In the present disclosure, offline field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for offline training of an AI model. Also, in the present disclosure, online field data may be data collected from the field (real world) and used for online training of an AI model.

In the model training stage, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, conversion, etc.), model training/validation, model testing (e.g., checking whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), model deployment/update (deploying/updating the model to the entities that will perform model inference), etc.

In addition, AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

Also, AI model validation may refer to a sub-process of training to evaluate the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used to train the model. This sub-process helps select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.

Also, AI model testing may refer to a sub-process of training to evaluate the performance of the final AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used for model training/validation. Note that testing, unlike validation, does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity performing the model training), and output (providing model output to the actor).

In addition, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE. A network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models where joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference where the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

Also, AI model monitoring may refer to the process of monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeably read as model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

Note that model registration may refer to making a model executable (registering) through assigning a version identifier to the model and compiling it into the specific hardware used in the inference phase. Model deployment may refer to distributing (or activating at) a fully developed and tested runtime image (or image of the execution environment) of the model to the target (e.g., UE/gNB) where inference will be performed.

Actor stages may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., feeding back information needed for training data/inference data/performance feedback), etc.

Note that, for example, training of a model for mobility optimization may be performed in, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM) in a network (NW)/gNodeB (gNB). In the former case, interoperability, large capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, the latency of model updates and the absence of data exchange for model deployment are advantageous. Inference of the above model may be performed in, for example, a gNB.

Depending on the use case (i.e., the function of the AI model), the entity performing the training/inference may be different. The function of the AI model may include beam management, beam prediction, autoencoder (or information compression), CSI feedback, positioning, etc.

For example, for AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, the OAM/gNB may perform model training and the gNB may perform model inference.

For AI-assisted UE-assisted positioning, a Location Management Function (LMF) may perform model training and the LMF may perform model inference.

For CSI feedback/channel estimation using autoencoders, the OAM/gNB/UE may perform model training and the gNB/UE may perform model inference (jointly).

For AI-assisted beam management or AI-assisted UE-based positioning based on beam measurements, the OAM/gNB/UE may perform model training and the UE may perform model inference.

Note that model activation may mean activating an AI model for a particular function. Model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a particular function. Model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a particular function and activating a different AI model.

Model transfer may also refer to distributing an AI model over the air interface. This may include distributing either or both of the parameters of the model structure already known at the receiving end, or a new model with the parameters. This may also include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may refer to model transfer from the network to the UE. Model upload may refer to model transfer from the UE to the network.

(AI-based beam report)
As a use case of utilizing the AI model, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction or temporal DL beam prediction using a one-sided AI model in the UE or NW is being considered. Such a beam prediction method may be called AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (Beam Management (BM)), etc.

2A and 2B are diagrams showing an example of an AI-based beam report. FIG. 2A shows spatial domain DL beam prediction. The UE may measure a spatially sparse (or thick) beam, input the measurement results, etc., into an AI model, and output a predicted result of the beam quality of a spatially dense (or thin) beam.

Figure 2B shows temporal DL beam prediction. The UE may measure the time series of beams, input the measurement results, etc. into an AI model, and output the predicted beam quality of the future beam.

Note that spatial domain DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 1, and temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 2. Furthermore, temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as, for example, time domain CSI prediction.

Furthermore, the beams associated with the output (prediction result) of the AI model may be referred to as set of beams A. The beams associated with the input of the AI model may be referred to as set of beams B.

Candidates for input to the AI model for BM Case 1/2 include L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), assistance information (e.g., beam shape information, UE position/direction information, transmit beam usage information), Channel Impulse Response (CIR) information, and corresponding DL transmit/receive beam IDs.

Possible outputs of the AI model for BM Case 1 include the IDs of the top K (K is an integer) transmit/receive beams, the predicted L1-RSRP of these beams, the probability that each beam is in the top K, and the angles of these beams.

In addition to the candidates for the output of the AI model in BM Case 1, the candidates for the output of the AI model in BM Case 2 include predicted beam failures.

Channel State Information (CSI) Measurement/Reporting
CSI measurement/reporting in existing NR standards (e.g., Rel. 15-17 NR) will be described. The UE generates (also called determining, calculating, estimating, measuring, etc.) CSI based on a reference signal (RS) (or a resource for the RS) and transmits (also called reporting, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to a network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station using, for example, an uplink control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

In this disclosure, CSI includes a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a SS/PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), and a Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP). It may include at least one of the following: L1-Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRQ), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), information on the channel matrix (or channel coefficients), information on the precoding matrix (or precoding coefficients), information on the beam/Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)/spatial relation, etc.

The RS used to generate the CSI may be, for example, at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH) block, a Synchronization Signal (SS), and a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

In this disclosure, RS, CSI-RS, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS, Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS, CSI Interference Measurement (CSI-IM), CSI-SSB, and SSB may be interchangeable. In addition, CSI-RS may include other reference signals.

The UE may receive configuration information regarding CSI reporting (which may be referred to as CSI report configuration, report setting, etc.) and control CSI reporting based on the configuration information. The report configuration information may be, for example, a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Information Element (IE) "CSI-ReportConfig."

The CSI reporting configuration may include at least one of the following information:
Information regarding the CSI resources used for CSI measurements (resource configuration ID, for example, "CSI-ResourceConfigId");
Information regarding one or more quantities (CSI parameters) of CSI to be reported (report quantity information, e.g., "reportQuantity");
Report type information (eg, "reportConfigType") indicating the time domain behavior of the reporting configuration.

In the present disclosure, a CSI resource may be interchangeably referred to as a time instance, a CSI-RS opportunity/CSI-IM opportunity/SSB opportunity, a CSI-RS resource (one/multiple) opportunity, a CSI opportunity, an opportunity, a CSI-RS resource/CSI-IM resource/SSB resource, a time resource, a frequency resource, an antenna port (e.g., a CSI-RS port), etc. The time unit of a CSI resource may be a slot, a symbol, etc.

The information on the CSI resources may include information on CSI resources for channel measurement, information on CSI resources for interference measurement (NZP-CSI-RS resources), information on CSI-IM resources for interference measurement, etc.

The reporting amount information may specify any one of the above CSI parameters (e.g., CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.) or a combination of these.

The report type information may indicate a periodic CSI (Periodic CSI (P-CSI)) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (Semi-Persistent CSI (SP-CSI)) report.

The UE performs CSI-RS/SSB/CSI-IM measurements based on the CSI resource configuration corresponding to the CSI reporting configuration (CSI resource configuration associated with CSI-ResourceConfigId) and derives the CSI to report based on the measurement results.

The CSI resource configuration (e.g., the CSI-ResourceConfig information element) may include a csi-RS-ResourceSetList field indicating more specific CSI-RS/SSB resources, resource type information (e.g., "resourceType") indicating the time domain behavior of the resource configuration, etc.

The resource type information may indicate a P-CSI resource, an A-CSI resource, or an SP-CSI resource.

CSI Resource Timing
The timing of the P/SP-CSI resource (e.g., transmission/reception timing) may be determined by periodicity and offset information (CSI-ResourcePeriodicityAndOffset) included in the CSI resource configuration. The P/SP-CSI resource may be transmitted in a slot that corresponds to a position that is a multiple of the periodicity, taking the offset into account.

The timing of the A-CSI resource may be determined based on a set offset (aperiodicTriggeringOffset). The offset may correspond to the time difference from a triggering DCI (e.g., a DCI including a CSI request field indicating a specific triggering state) that triggers the A-CSI resource/A-CSI report to the A-CSI resource. If not set, the value of the offset may be 0.

<Timing of CSI Reporting>
The report timing of the P/SP-CSI report (on PUCCH) may be determined by information on the period and offset (CSI-ReportPeriodicityAndOffset) included in the CSI report configuration. The P/SP-CSI report (on PUCCH) may be transmitted in a slot corresponding to a position that is a multiple of the period, taking the offset into consideration.

The timing of the SP-CSI report (on PUSCH) may be determined based on the slot period information (reportSlotConfig) and slot offset information (reportSlotOffsetList) included in the CSI report configuration. The SP-CSI report (on PUSCH) may be transmitted in a slot that is a multiple of the slot period after the slot offset based on the reception of the triggering DCI that triggers the SP-CSI report. The slot offset may be determined based on the slot offset information and a field of the triggering DCI (e.g., the CSI request field).

In addition, SP-CSI measurement/reporting (on PUCCH) may be enabled/disabled a certain time after receiving the activation/deactivation MAC CE of the SP-CSI reporting setting. In addition, SP-CSI measurement/reporting (on PUSCH) may be performed based on a trigger state (e.g., a trigger state included in the SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList information element) activated by a CSI request field included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1/0_2) to which a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) scrambled by the SP-CSI-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) is added.

The timing of the A-CSI report may be determined based on slot offset information (reportSlotOffsetList) included in the CSI reporting configuration. The A-CSI report may be transmitted in a slot after the slot offset based on the reception of a triggering DCI that triggers the A-CSI report. The slot offset may be determined based on the slot offset information and a field of the triggering DCI (e.g., a CSI request field).

Note that if more than one A-CSI report is specified by the triggering DCI, the timing of the A-CSI report may be determined based on information of multiple slot offsets for the more than one A-CSI report and the time domain resource allocation field of the triggering DCI.

<CSI Reference Resources>
In the existing NR standard, when a higher layer parameter related to a time constraint of a measurement (e.g., timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurements related to a time constraint for a channel measurement, timeRestrictionForInterferenceMeasurements for an interference measurement, etc.) is set (which may mean that the value of the parameter indicates "configured"), it is specified that a channel measurement for calculating the CSI to be reported is derived based on the most recent NZP CSI-RS occasion related to the CSI reporting configuration that is not later than the CSI reference resource. Note that the channel measurement in the present disclosure may be read as an interference measurement or the like.

Also, in the existing NR standard, when an upper layer parameter related to the time constraint of the above measurement is not configured (which may mean that the value of the parameter indicates "notConfigured"), it is specified that the channel measurement for calculating the CSI to be reported is derived based on an NZP CSI-RS occasion associated with the CSI reporting configuration that is not later than the CSI reference resource. In this case, the reported CSI may be derived based on one or more NZP CSI-RS occasions.

For a serving cell, the CSI reference resource for CSI reporting in UL slot n′ is defined in the time domain by a single DL slot n−n _{CSI_ref} , where n corresponds to the DL slot that corresponds (overlaps) with UL slot n′.

In the case of P/SP-CSI reporting, n _{CSI_ref} is the smallest value (minimum value of 4·2 ^μ DL when a single CSI-RS/SSB resource is configured, minimum value of 5·2 ^{μ DL} when multiple CSI-RS/SSB resources are configured) such that the single DL slot corresponds to a valid DL slot, where μ _DL corresponds to the subcarrier spacing setting for DL (e.g. μ _DL =0, 1, 2, 3).

For A-CSI reporting, if the triggering DCI specifies that the UE should report CSI in the same slot as the CSI request, then n _{CSI_ref} may be determined such that the CSI reference resource is in the same valid DL slot as the corresponding CSI request; otherwise, n _{CSI_ref} may be the minimum value equal to or greater than a certain value corresponding to a delay requirement, such that the single DL slot corresponds to a valid DL slot.

Incidentally, in the discussion of Rel. 18 NR, not only the AI model-based time domain CSI prediction described above, but also time domain CSI prediction without using an AI model (e.g., using a function for a specific prediction) (e.g., CSI/channel prediction after the CSI reference resource, after the CSI reporting slot, after the slot where the CSI-RS exists, etc.) is considered. CSI prediction may be performed for beams/PMI.

However, there are many aspects of the input and output of such AI models/prediction functions that have yet to be considered. For example, the resource settings (number of resources, period, selection method, etc.) for channel measurements to obtain past information for input to the AI model/prediction function have yet to be considered. In addition, the base station's recognition of which channel information for the prediction result is for the output of the AI model/prediction function (number of resources, period, selection method, etc.) has yet to be considered. In addition, the reporting settings for predicted channel information (CSI) have yet to be considered.

As such, unless sufficient consideration is given to the settings for CSI prediction, appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization may not be achieved, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

The inventors have therefore devised a suitable setting method for CSI prediction. Note that each embodiment of the present disclosure may also be applied when AI is not used.

Below, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

In this disclosure, "A/B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, in this disclosure, "A/B/C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

In this disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read as interchangeable. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, capable of control, operate, and capable of operating may be read as interchangeable.

In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC Control Element (CE)), update commands, activation/deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, or any combination thereof.

In the present disclosure, the MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

In the present disclosure, the physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), etc.

In this disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

In this disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission/Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CONTROLLER RESOLUTION SET (CORESET)), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), Antenna Port (e.g., DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS)) port), Antenna Port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, quasi-co-location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, slot, subslot, symbol, subframe, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, channel measurement/estimation may be performed using at least one of, for example, a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Synchronization Signal/Physical Broadcast Channel (SS/PBCH) block, a DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), etc.

In addition, in this disclosure, channel state, channel status, channel, channel environment, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

In the present disclosure, UCI, CSI report, CSI feedback, feedback information, feedback bit, CSI feedback method, CSI feedback scheme, beam report, beam report scheme, etc. may be interchangeable. Also, in the present disclosure, bit, bit string, bit sequence, sequence, value, information, value obtained from a bit, information obtained from a bit, etc. may be interchangeable.

In addition, in this disclosure, the CSI-RS resource set, the configuration parameters of the CSI-RS resource set, the NZP CSI-RS resource set, the configuration parameters of the NZP CSI-RS resource set (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet), the configuration parameters of the resource set of the SSB for CSI measurement (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet), and the configuration parameters of the CSI-IM resource set (CSI-IM-ResourceSet) may be read as interchangeable.

Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS resources, CSI-RS resource configuration parameters, NZP CSI-RS resources, NZP CSI-RS resource configuration parameters (NZP-CSI-RS-Resource), CSI resources, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

(Wireless communication method)
<Tenth embodiment>
The 0th embodiment relates to performing time-domain CSI prediction and reporting the predicted CSI. The 0th embodiment may be the premise for the following embodiments.

[Embodiment 0.1: Implementation of Time Domain CSI Prediction]
In a tenth embodiment, the UE performs time domain CSI prediction when at least one of the following conditions is met:
Condition 1: An AI model for time-domain CSI prediction is configured/registered/activated;
Condition 2: A specific CSI reporting configuration is configured/triggered/activated;
Condition 3: Decide to perform prediction on its own based on the CSI reporting setting, and transmit information regarding the decision to perform prediction to the NW.

Note that performing CSI prediction may also mean calculating predicted CSI-related information (e.g., PMI, information on the channel matrix, etc.).

Regarding condition 1 above, information regarding the time offset from the signal (reception of information) for configuration/registration/activation to the performance of CSI prediction may be notified to the UE or may be predefined. The information regarding the time offset may be associated with an AI model.

For the above condition 2, the specific CSI reporting configuration may include at least one of the following:
- Instructions (or indicators) for "CSI prediction",
Information about CSI resources for measuring historical CSI information (historical CSI);
- Information regarding CSI resources corresponding to future predicted CSI information (future CSI).

Note that the past CSI information may correspond to a set of CSI for each CSI-RS opportunity. The past CSI information may also include current CSI information.

The CSI resource for measuring past CSI information may be interchangeably referred to as a historical CSI resource, a time-series CSI resource, set B, a resource of set B, a CSI resource for prediction, etc. Furthermore, the historical CSI resource may correspond to each opportunity of the CSI-RS resource. The CSI resource corresponding to the predicted CSI information may be interchangeably referred to as a future CSI resource, set A, a resource of set A, a predicted CSI resource, a CSI resource corresponding to the reported CSI, etc.

The UE may input values/information based on the measurement results of the historical CSI resource into an AI model/prediction function to predict the CSI corresponding to the future CSI resource.

The instructions for CSI prediction are described in detail in the first embodiment. The historical CSI resources are described in detail in the second embodiment. The future CSI resources are described in detail in the third embodiment.

With regard to condition 3 above, information regarding a decision to make a prediction may be read as information regarding the prediction to be made.

[Embodiment 0.2: Reporting of predicted CSI]
In a tenth embodiment, the UE reports predicted CSI (e.g., CSI corresponding to a future CSI resource) when at least one of the following conditions is met:
Condition 1: An AI model for time-domain CSI prediction is configured/registered/activated;
Condition 2: A specific CSI reporting configuration is configured/triggered/activated;
Condition 3: Decide by itself to perform prediction/reporting based on the CSI reporting setting, and transmit information regarding the decision to perform prediction/reporting to the NW.

Regarding the above condition 1, information regarding the time offset from the signal (reception of information) for configuration/registration/activation to the performance of CSI reporting to which CSI prediction is applied, or from the performance of CSI prediction to the performance of the above CSI reporting, may be notified to the UE or may be defined in advance. The information regarding the time offset may be associated with an AI model.

For the above condition 2, the specific CSI reporting configuration may include at least one of the following:
- Instructions (or indicators) for "CSI prediction",
Information about the time instances (or resources) for reporting the predicted CSI information.

With regard to condition 3 above, information regarding a decision to carry out a forecast/report may be read as information regarding the forecast/report to be carried out.

According to the 0th embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately control the implementation of time-domain CSI prediction and the reporting of the predicted CSI.

First Embodiment
The first embodiment relates to indication of CSI prediction.

In the first embodiment, the UE may receive the indication information for CSI prediction by at least one of RRC signaling, MAC signaling, and DCI.

[Embodiment 1.1: RRC]
The list of CSI reporting configurations configured in the UE may include both prediction-unrelated and prediction-related CSI reporting configurations. The UE may only perform prediction-unrelated CSI reporting based on the prediction-unrelated CSI reporting configuration (and may not expect to perform prediction-related CSI reporting based on the configuration). The UE may only perform prediction-related CSI reporting based on the CSI reporting configurations included in the second list of CSI reporting configurations (and may not expect to perform prediction-unrelated CSI reporting based on the configuration).

The list of CSI reporting configurations may be csi-ReportConfigToAddModList included in the CSI measurement configuration (CSI-MeasConfig). The CSI reporting configurations relevant to the prediction may correspond to the CSI reporting configurations included in a particular entry (which may also be called an element) or a particular range of entries in the list of CSI reporting configurations, or may correspond to the CSI reporting configurations associated with a particular value or range of CSI reporting configuration IDs (CSI-ReportConfigId).

The UE may also be configured with a list of first CSI reporting configurations unrelated to prediction and a list of second CSI reporting configurations for prediction. The UE may only perform CSI reporting unrelated to prediction based on the CSI reporting configurations included in the list of first CSI reporting configurations (and may not expect to perform CSI reporting related to prediction based on said configurations). The UE may only perform CSI reporting related to prediction based on the CSI reporting configurations included in the list of second CSI reporting configurations (and may not expect to perform CSI reporting unrelated to prediction based on said configurations).

The first CSI reporting configuration list may be csi-ReportConfigToAddModList included in the CSI measurement configuration (CSI-MeasConfig). The second CSI reporting configuration list may be called csi-ReportConfigToAddModList-Prediction, for example, and may be included in the CSI measurement configuration.

Figures 3A and 3B are diagrams showing an example of a CSI reporting configuration related to prediction in embodiment 1.1. In Figure 3A, among the list of CSI reporting configurations (csi-ReportConfigToAddModList), CSI reporting configurations with a reporting configuration ID of K+1 or more correspond to the CSI reporting configuration related to prediction. In Figure 3B, the list of CSI reporting configurations (csi-ReportConfigToAddModList) corresponds to the list of the first CSI reporting configuration described above, and another list of CSI reporting configurations (csi-ReportConfigToAddModList-Prediction) corresponds to the list of the second CSI reporting configuration described above.

In the present disclosure, the list of CSI reporting configurations may be an information element of a list of CSI reporting configurations (e.g., csi-ReportConfigToAddModList), an information element of a list of trigger states for SP-CSI reporting (e.g., CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList), or an information element of a list of trigger states for A-CSI reporting (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList). The list of CSI reporting configurations may include a list of CSI reporting configuration IDs.

As described above, whether a CSI report is relevant to prediction may be identified based on an explicit CSI prediction instruction included in the CSI reporting configuration, rather than based on a list of CSI reporting configurations or a CSI reporting configuration ID.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a CSI reporting configuration related to prediction according to embodiment 1.1. This example is described using Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) notation (note that this is merely an example and may not be a complete description). The following drawings may also use ASN.1 notation.

In addition, in this disclosure, the names of RRC information elements, RRC fields, etc. may be given a suffix indicating that they were introduced in a specific release (for example, "_r18" or "-r18" for Rel. 18). The suffix does not have to be given, or a different word may be given.

The CSI reporting configuration (CSI-ReportConfig information element) in FIG. 4 is similar to the existing CSI reporting configuration up to Rel. 17 NR, but differs in that it includes information (predictionIndicator) for indicating an instruction for "CSI prediction". When the information indicates 1, it means that CSI prediction is performed based on the CSI reporting configuration, and when the information indicates 0, it may mean that CSI prediction is not performed based on the CSI reporting configuration (normal CSI measurement report is performed), or vice versa. In the present disclosure, normal CSI measurement report may be read as traditional/existing CSI measurement report and vice versa.

[Embodiment 1.2: MAC CE]
The UE may be informed of the indication of CSI prediction related to the CSI report by a MAC CE, which may be a MAC CE for A-CSI reporting or a MAC CE for SP-CSI reporting.

[[MAC CE for A-CSI reporting]]
The MAC CE for the A-CSI report may be, for example, a MAC CE for selecting a predetermined number (e.g., 2^N _TS −1) of trigger states from all trigger states for the A-CSI report set in the UE (Aperiodic CSI Trigger State Subselection MAC CE) or a MAC CE obtained by extending/modifying the MAC CE.

The number of bits NTS of the CSI request field may be set by a higher layer parameter (reportTriggerSize). _NTS may be, for _example , 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 bits, but is not limited thereto and may be 7 bits or more.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a MAC CE for instructing CSI prediction according to embodiment 1.2.

The MAC CE may, for example, include a field indicating at least one of the following:
Serving cell (cell, component carrier, carrier) identifier (ID),
- Bandwidth Part (BWP) Identifier (ID),
The selection state of the trigger state set by higher layer parameters (e.g., aperiodicTriggerStateList);
- Instructions for "CSI prediction".

Here, the selection state field is composed of a bit T _i corresponding to the i th trigger state set in the upper layer parameters. If bit T _i is set to "1", it indicates that the i th trigger state is mapped to a code point of the CSI request field in the DCI. On the other hand, if bit T _i is set to "0", it indicates that the i th trigger state is not mapped to a code point of the CSI request field in the DCI.

For example, trigger conditions with bit T _i set to "1" may be mapped to code points in the CSI request field in ascending order of the trigger condition identifier (index), e.g., the lowest index value trigger condition with bit T _i set to "1" may be mapped to CSI request field code point "1" and the next index value trigger condition with bit T _i set to "1" may be mapped to CSI request field code point "2".

Furthermore, information for indicating an instruction for "CSI prediction" may be indicated by a P field. When the field indicates '1', it means that for a trigger state in which bit T _i is set to "1", CSI prediction is performed based on a CSI reporting configuration corresponding to the trigger state, and when the field indicates '0', it may mean that for a trigger state in which bit T _i is set to "1", CSI prediction is not performed based on a CSI reporting configuration corresponding to the trigger state (normal CSI measurement report is performed), or vice versa.

[MAC CE for SP-CSI reporting in PUCCH]
The MAC CE for the SP-CSI report may be, for example, an SP-CSI reporting activation/deactivation MAC CE on a PUCCH (SP CSI reporting on PUCCH Activation/Deactivation MAC CE) or a MAC CE that is an extension/modification of the MAC CE.

Figures 6A and 6B are diagrams showing an example of a MAC CE for instructing CSI prediction according to embodiment 1.2.

The MAC CE may, for example, include a field indicating at least one of the following:
Serving cell (cell, component carrier, carrier) identifier (ID),
- Bandwidth Part (BWP) Identifier (ID),
Activation/deactivation of SP-CSI reporting corresponding to higher layer parameters (e.g. CSI configuration report list csi-ReportConfigToAddModList);
- Instructions for "CSI prediction".

Here, the field indicating activation/deactivation of SP-CSI reporting may correspond to bit S _i (i is an integer). _{S i} may refer to a CSI reporting configuration including PUCCH resources for SP-CSI reporting in a specified cell and BWP, and having the (i+1)th smallest CSI reporting configuration ID (CSI-ReportConfigId) indicating the type of SP-CSI reporting on PUCCH (semiPersistentOnPUCCH) in the CSI configuration report list. That is, S ₀ corresponds to the smallest CSI reporting configuration ID indicating the type of SP-CSI reporting on PUCCH.

For the MAC CE of FIG. 6A, the UE may determine to perform CSI prediction for the CSI reporting setting corresponding to S _i = 1 (i.e., S _i may also serve as an instruction for "CSI prediction"), or may determine to perform CSI prediction for the CSI reporting setting corresponding to S _i = 1 based on a P field for indicating an instruction for "CSI prediction" similar to that of FIG. 5.

Although the MAC CE in Fig. 6A can control _S0 to _S3 , the number of SP-CSI reports in the PUCCH may be further increased, and for example, a MAC CE capable of controlling _S0 to _S7 as shown in Fig. 6B may be used. Also, a MAC CE corresponding to even more _Si may be used.

[MAC CE for SP-CSI reporting in PUSCH]
The MAC CE shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B may correspond to a newly defined SP-CSI reporting activation/deactivation MAC CE in PUSCH or a predicted CSI activation/deactivation MAC CE for SP-CSI reporting in PUSCH.

In this case, S _i may refer to the CSI reporting configuration with the (i+1)-th smallest CSI reporting configuration ID (CSI-ReportConfigId) indicating the type of SP-CSI reporting on PUSCH (semiPersistentOnPUSCH) in the CSI configuration report list for the specified cell and BWP, i.e., S ₀ corresponds to the smallest CSI reporting configuration ID indicating the type of SP-CSI reporting on PUSCH.

Alternatively, S _i may correspond to the (i+1)th entry or the (i+1)th smallest CSI reporting configuration ID (CSI-ReportConfigId) of a list of trigger states for SP-CSI reporting on PUSCH (CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList) for a specified cell and BWP.

In addition, SP-CSI measurement/reporting (on PUCCH) may be enabled/disabled a certain time after receiving the activation/deactivation MAC CE of the SP-CSI reporting setting. In addition, SP-CSI measurement/reporting (on PUSCH) may be performed based on a trigger state (e.g., a trigger state included in the SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList information element) activated by a CSI request field included in a DCI format (e.g., DCI format 0_1/0_2) to which a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) scrambled by the SP-CSI-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) is added.

As described above, the UE may determine to perform CSI prediction for the CSI reporting setting corresponding to S _i =1 for the MAC CE of Fig. 6A/6B, or may determine to perform CSI prediction for the CSI reporting setting corresponding to S _i =1 based on the P field for indicating an instruction for "CSI prediction". However, the MAC CE for SP-CSI reporting in PUSCH only controls on/off of prediction, and activation/deactivation of SP-CSI reporting using PUSCH is controlled by DCI. In other words, for SP-CSI measurement/reporting (on PUSCH) activated by DCI, the UE may report predicted CSI for the corresponding CSI reporting setting when the MAC CE indicates that CSI prediction is performed, and may report normal CSI otherwise.

[Embodiment 1.3: DCI]
The UE may be informed of an indication of CSI prediction related to the CSI report by a DCI, which may be a DCI for triggering an A-CSI report or a DCI for triggering (activating) an SP-CSI report in a PUSCH.

The indication of CSI prediction signaled by the DCI may include at least one of the following:
RNTI used to scramble the CRC attached to the DCI;
one or more existing fields included in the DCI;
- A reserved bit (or a new field) included in the DCI.

The above RNTI may be a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) indicating "CSI prediction" (e.g., Cell-prediction-RNTI (C-PRED-RNTI)) or an SP-CSI-RNTI indicating "CSI prediction" (e.g., SP-CSI-prediction-RNTI (SP-CSI-PRED-RNTI)). C-PRED-RNTI may be used for triggering DCI of A-CSI report, and SP-CSI-PRED-RNTI may be used for triggering DCI of SP-CSI report in PUSCH.

The above existing fields may be interpreted as indication fields for CSI prediction only if certain conditions are met (e.g., if enabled by higher layer signaling).

The new field may be called, for example, a CSI prediction instruction field, and for example, the field indicating '1' may mean that CSI prediction is performed based on the CSI reporting setting corresponding to the triggered trigger state, and the field indicating '0' may mean that CSI prediction is not performed based on the CSI reporting setting corresponding to the triggered trigger state (normal CSI measurement reporting is performed).

According to the first embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately determine whether or not to perform CSI prediction based on an instruction from the base station.

Second Embodiment
The second embodiment relates to historical CSI resources.

The historical CSI resource may be a resource at a time before a certain offset from the timing of the start of prediction or the report of the prediction result (predicted CSI). For example, the historical CSI resource may correspond to a CSI resource that is not later than the CSI reference resource obtained by replacing the uplink slot n' for CSI reporting with the slot for the start of prediction or the slot for the report of the prediction result (predicted CSI) in the definition of the existing CSI reference resource. In addition, in this case, n _{CSI_ref} for defining the CSI reference resource (for the historical CSI resource) may be a minimum value equal to or greater than the value X such that a single DL slot n-n _{CSI_ref} corresponds to a valid DL slot. Here, the X may be determined based on at least one of the following: a setting related to the historical CSI resource (for example, a CSI-Prediction field or information contained in the field described later), a CSI reporting setting, and an AI model used (linked) for CSI prediction.

In the second embodiment, the UE may determine the historical CSI resource based on the setting from the NW, or may determine it based on its own UE capability. The historical CSI resource may be predefined in the standard. The above offset may also be determined based on the setting from the NW/UE capability. The value of the above offset may be 0.

For example, in the second embodiment, the UE may determine the historical CSI resource by itself based on the CSI reporting configuration that is configured/triggered/activated and indicated as "CSI prediction". The UE may transmit information about the determined historical CSI resource to the NW.

In a second embodiment, the UE may determine historical CSI resources corresponding to a length/number/bitmap predefined in the standard for a CSI reporting configuration/CSI resource configuration indicated as "CSI prediction".

In a second embodiment, the UE may determine the historical CSI resources based on information associated with the AI model being configured/registered/activated. That is, information regarding the historical CSI resources may be associated with the AI model.

Below, an example of a notification from the network indicating historical CSI resources is specifically described. In this disclosure, periodic/semi-persistent/non-periodic historical CSI resources are also referred to as P/SP/A-historical CSI resources, respectively.

In the following, unless otherwise specified, one historical CSI resource means one time resource/time instance/opportunity/resource set/CSI-RS opportunity for the historical CSI resource, and it is assumed that one opportunity includes one CSI-RS resource including RS corresponding to eight antenna ports, or eight CSI resources corresponding to one resource set. In addition, one resource set may correspond to one CSI measurement/report.

[P/SP-Historical CSI Resources]
Information regarding the P/SP-Historical CSI resource may be included in the CSI reporting configuration (e.g., the CSI-ReportConfig information element), the CSI resource configuration (e.g., the CSI-ResourceConfig information element), the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), or the NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

The information about the P/SP-Historical CSI resources may include information about at least one of the following:
A time period of the historical CSI resource (which may be denoted as P1, for example);
The number of historical CSI resources (which may be represented as N1, for example);
A bitmap for historical CSI resources (which may be represented as B1, for example).

The information regarding P1 may directly indicate the value of P1, or may indicate the value of a scaling factor (which may be expressed as, for example, α) of the period (which may be expressed as, for example, P) of the CSI resource to be set. In the latter case, P1 may be equal to α*P. Note that the period in this disclosure may be expressed in any time unit, such as slot units or symbol units. P1 and α may be integers or decimals.

The above N1 may indicate the maximum number of CSI resources (or the maximum number of time positions) available for prediction among the historical CSI resources of the period P1. N1 may be an integer.

The above B1 may indicate the CSI resource (or the time position) to be used for prediction among the N1 historical CSI resources in the period P1. For example, a bit '1' in B1 may mean that the corresponding CSI resource is used for prediction, and a bit '0' may mean that the corresponding CSI resource is not used for prediction, or vice versa.

For P1/N1/B1 that are not set by any information element, the UE may use values predefined in the standard. For example, the UE may use a bitmap consisting of N1 '1's as B1.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of P/SP-historical CSI resources. In this example, a CSI resource with a period P is configured for the UE. Also, in this example, it is assumed that α=3, N1=3, and B1="011" are configured for the UE. In this case, the historical CSI resources used for prediction or measurement correspond to a total of 16 CSI resources for the two hatched occasions.

Note that the upward arrow in the figure indicates the timing at which the predicted CSI can be reported (described later in the fourth embodiment). This is the same in subsequent similar figures. The UE transmits the predicted CSI at the timing at which it can be reported after the prediction process (Prediction in the figure) is completed. In each figure, the hatched upward arrow indicates the timing at which the CSI is transmitted.

FIGS. 8 to 11 are diagrams showing examples of information related to P/SP-Historical CSI resources. Each of FIG. 8 to FIG. 11 shows an example in which the CSI-Prediction field, which is information related to P/SP-Historical CSI resources, is included in a CSI report configuration (e.g., a CSI-ReportConfig information element), a CSI resource configuration (e.g., a CSI-ResourceConfig information element), an NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), and an NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., an NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

Here, the parameter historicalPeriodicityScaling corresponds to the information α above, the parameter inputNumber corresponds to the information N1 above, and the parameter inputBitmap corresponds to the information B1 above.

[A - Historical CSI Resources]
Information regarding the A-historical CSI resource may be included in the CSI reporting configuration (e.g., the CSI-ReportConfig information element), the CSI resource configuration (e.g., the CSI-ResourceConfig information element), the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), or the NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

The information on the A-historical CSI resource included in the CSI reporting configuration/CSI resource configuration/NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration may include information on a bitmap (e.g., may be represented as B1) for the historical CSI resource. The above B1 may indicate the CSI resource (time position) to be used for prediction among the N1 historical CSI resources.

The above N1 may correspond to the number of CSI resource configurations (e.g., the number of CSI-ResourceConfigIDs) configured by (or associated with) the CSI reporting configuration or the maximum number of CSI resource configurations that can be configured (e.g., 3).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of A-Historical CSI Resources. In this example, three CSI resource settings are configured for the UE by the CSI reporting configuration (i.e., N1=3), and each CSI resource setting is associated with three occasions. In this example, it is also assumed that B1="010" is configured for the UE. In this case, the historical CSI resources used for prediction or measured correspond to the three hatched occasions, totaling 24 CSI resources (corresponding to the second CSI resource setting).

Furthermore, the above N1 may correspond to the number of resource set configurations configured by the CSI resource configuration (or associated with the CSI resource configuration) (e.g., the number of NZP-CSI-RS resource set IDs (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSetId)/CSI-SSB resource set IDs (CSI-SSB-ResourceSetId)/CSI-IM resource set IDs (CSI-IM-ResourceSetId) included in the csi-RS-ResourceSetList) or the maximum number of resource set configurations that can be configured (e.g., the maximum number of NZP-CSI-RS resource sets per configuration (maxNrofNZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSetsPerConfig) + the maximum number of CSI-SSB resource sets per configuration (maxNrofCSI-SSB-ResourceSetsPerConfig), or the maximum number of CSI-IM resource sets per configuration (maxNrofCSI-IM-ResourceSetsPerConfig)).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of A-Historical CSI resources. In this example, five resource set configurations are configured for the UE by the CSI resource configuration (i.e., N1=5), and each resource set configuration is associated with one opportunity. In this example, it is also assumed that B1="01010" is configured for the UE. In this case, the historical CSI resources used for prediction or measurement correspond to a total of 16 CSI resources (corresponding to the second and fourth resource set configurations) for the two hatched opportunities.

Furthermore, the above N1 may correspond to the number of NZP-CSI-RS resource configurations (e.g., the number of NZP-CSI-RS resource IDs (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId) included in nzp-CSI-RS-Resources) configured by the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (or associated with the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration) or the maximum number of NZP-CSI-RS resource configurations that can be configured (e.g., the maximum number of NZP-CSI-RS resources per resource set (maxNrofNZP-CSI-RS-ResourcesPerSet)).

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of A-Historical CSI resources. In this example, eight NZP-CSI-RS resource configurations are configured for the UE by the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (i.e., N1=8), and each NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration is associated with the same opportunity. In this example, it is also assumed that B1="01010000" is configured for the UE. In this case, the historical CSI resources used for prediction or measurement correspond to the two CSI resources of one opportunity that are hatched.

The information on the A-Historical CSI resource included in the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration/NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration may include information on at least one of the following:
An offset from the triggering DCI to a particular historical CSI resource (e.g., may be represented as X);
A time period of the historical CSI resource (which may be denoted as P1, for example);
The number of historical CSI resources (which may be represented as N1, for example);
A bitmap for historical CSI resources (which may be represented as B1, for example).

The UE may assume that there are N1 CSI resources in the forward/backward direction in time with respect to X, with a period P1. The particular historical CSI resource may be, for example, the first historical CSI resource, the last historical CSI resource, etc.

P1/X/N1/B1 may be explicitly/implicitly indicated to the UE by a field of the triggering DCI. Also, P1/N1/B1 may be configured for the UE in the same manner as described above for the information on the P/SP-historical CSI resource. In this case, P1 may mean the number of valid downlink slots determined based on a notification from the base station. Here, the valid downlink slots may correspond to slots that do not include a specific downlink (or uplink) channel/reference signal (e.g., SSB), slots that do not include an uplink symbol/flexible symbol, or a combination thereof. Slots that do not include a specific downlink (or uplink) channel/reference signal may be determined based on RRC settings of the downlink (or uplink) channel/reference signal, triggering of the DCI, etc. Slots that do not include an uplink symbol/flexible symbol may be determined based on RRC TDD UL-DL settings, slot format specified by the RRC/DCI, etc.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of an A-historical CSI resource. In this example, N1=3, and the number of slots receiving the triggering DCI is n. In this case, the historical CSI resource used for prediction or measured corresponds to the three hatched occasions (slots n+X, n+X+P1, and n+X+2P1). Note that the CSI resource (CSI resource specified by P1/X/N1/B1) transmitted on multiple occasions in FIG. 15 may correspond to the same CSI-RS resource (e.g., CSI-RS resource/CSI-RS resource set having the same time/frequency position within the slot) transmitted repeatedly or periodically at different times (e.g., different slots). On the other hand, the CSI resource (CSI resource specified by B1) transmitted on multiple occasions in FIG. 12/13 may correspond to different CSI-RS resources transmitted at different times (e.g., different slots).

FIGS. 16 to 19 are diagrams showing examples of information related to A-Historical CSI resources. FIG. 16 to FIG. 18 respectively show examples in which the CSI-Prediction field, which is information related to A-Historical CSI resources, is included in the CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig information element), CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig information element), NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), and NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element). Here, the parameter inputBitmap corresponds to the information in B1 above.

Figure 19 shows another example in which the CSI-Prediction field, which is information about the A-Historical CSI resource, is included in the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element). Here, the parameter historicalPeriodicity corresponds to the information of P1 above (e.g., slots2 indicates P1=2 slots, and slots4 indicates P1=4 slots).

According to the second embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately determine the historical CSI resources.

Third Embodiment
The third embodiment relates to future CSI resources.

The future CSI resource may be a resource at a time after a certain offset from the start (/end) of the prediction or the timing of reporting the prediction result (predicted CSI).

In the third embodiment, the UE may determine the future CSI resource based on the setting from the NW, or may determine it based on its own UE capability. The future CSI resource may be predefined in the standard. The above offset may also be determined based on the setting from the NW/UE capability. The value of the above offset may be 0.

For example, in the third embodiment, the UE may determine the future CSI resources by itself based on the CSI reporting configuration that is configured/triggered/activated and indicated as "CSI prediction". The UE may transmit information about the determined future CSI resources to the NW.

In the third embodiment, the UE may determine future CSI resources corresponding to the length/number/bitmap predefined in the standard for a CSI reporting configuration/CSI resource configuration indicated as "CSI prediction".

In a third embodiment, the UE may determine future CSI resources based on information associated with the AI model being configured/registered/activated. That is, information regarding future CSI resources may be associated with the AI model.

Below, an example of a notification from the network indicating future CSI resources is specifically described. In this disclosure, periodic/semi-persistent/non-periodic future CSI resources are also referred to as P/SP/A-future CSI resources, respectively.

In the following, unless otherwise specified, one future CSI resource means one time resource/time instance/opportunity/resource set for the future CSI resource, and it is assumed that one opportunity includes eight CSI resources. In addition, one resource set may correspond to one CSI measurement/report.

[P/SP-Future CSI Resources]
Information regarding P/SP-Feature CSI resources may be included in the CSI reporting configuration (e.g., the CSI-ReportConfig information element), the CSI resource configuration (e.g., the CSI-ResourceConfig information element), the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), or the NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., the NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

The information about P/SP-Future CSI resources may include information about at least one of the following:
A time period of future CSI resources (which may be denoted as P2, for example);
The number of future CSI resources (which may be represented as, for example, N2);
A bitmap for future CSI resources (which may be represented as B2, for example).

The information about P2 may directly indicate the value of P2, or may indicate the value of a scaling factor (e.g., which may be expressed as β) of the period (e.g., which may be expressed as P) of the CSI resource to be configured. In the latter case, P2=β*P may be used. P2 and β may be integers or decimals.

The above N2 may indicate the maximum number of CSI resources (or the maximum number of time positions) that are predicted (to be predicted) among the future CSI resources of the period P2. N2 may be an integer.

The above B2 may indicate the CSI resource (or the time position) to be predicted among the N2 future CSI resources in period P2. For example, a bit '1' in B2 may mean predicting CSI for the corresponding CSI resource, and a bit '0' may mean not predicting CSI for the corresponding CSI resource, or vice versa.

For P2/N2/B2 that are not set by any information element, the UE may use values predefined in the standard. For example, the UE may use a bitmap consisting of N2 '1's as B2.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of P/SP-future CSI resources. In this example, a CSI resource with period P is configured for the UE. Also, in this example, it is assumed that α=4, N2=3, and B1="110" are configured for the UE. In this case, the future CSI resources used for prediction correspond to a total of 16 CSI resources for the two hatched opportunities.

FIGS. 21 to 24 are diagrams showing examples of information related to P/SP-Future CSI resources. Each of FIG. 21 to FIG. 24 shows an example in which the CSI-Prediction field, which is information related to P/SP-Future CSI resources, is included in a CSI report configuration (e.g., a CSI-ReportConfig information element), a CSI resource configuration (e.g., a CSI-ResourceConfig information element), an NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), and an NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., an NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

Here, the parameter predictionPeriodicityScaling corresponds to the information β above, the parameter outputNumber corresponds to the information N2 above, and the parameter outputBitmap corresponds to the information B2 above.

[P/SP/A-Future CSI Resources]
Information regarding P/SP/A-Feature CSI resources may be included in a CSI reporting configuration (e.g., a CSI-ReportConfig information element), a CSI resource configuration (e.g., a CSI-ResourceConfig information element), an NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), or an NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., an NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

The information about P/SP/A-Future CSI resources may include information about at least one of the following:
Offset from a specific timing to a specific future CSI resource;
A time period of future CSI resources (which may be represented as P3, for example);
The number of future CSI resources (which may be represented as N3, for example);
A bitmap for future CSI resources (which may be represented as B3, for example).

The offset may be expressed as, for example, Y if the specific timing is the transmission timing of a CSI report, or as, for example, Y' if the specific timing is a CSI reference resource. Note that the information on the P/SP/A-future CSI resource may include information indicating which specific timing the offset is based on (for example, information indicating that the offset corresponds to Y or Y'). The UE may determine the information indicating which specific timing the offset is based on (for example, information indicating that the offset corresponds to Y or Y') based on information notified from the NW, or based on information on the AI model to be applied.

The UE may assume that there are N3 CSI resources in a period P3, forward/backward in time from the specific timing after the offset has elapsed. The specific future CSI resource may be, for example, the first future CSI resource, the last future CSI resource, etc.

The information about P3 may directly indicate the value of P3, or for P/SP-future CSI resources, may indicate the value of a scaling factor (e.g., which may be expressed as γ) of the period (e.g., which may be expressed as P) of the configured CSI resource. In the latter case, P3=γ*P. P3 and γ may be integers or decimals.

The above N3 may indicate the maximum number of CSI resources (or the maximum number of time positions) to be predicted among the future CSI resources in period P3. N3 may be an integer.

The above B3 may indicate the CSI resource (or the time position) to be predicted among the N3 future CSI resources in period P3. For example, a bit '1' in B3 may mean predicting CSI for the corresponding CSI resource, and a bit '0' may mean not predicting CSI for the corresponding CSI resource, or vice versa.

For P3/N3/B3 that are not set by any information element, the UE may use values predefined in the standard. For example, the UE may use a bitmap consisting of N3 '1's as B3.

P3/Y/Y'/N3/B3 may be explicitly/implicitly indicated to the UE for A-Future CSI resources by fields in the triggering DCI.

FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of P/SP/A-future CSI resources. In this example, it is assumed that N3=3, B3="110", and P3 (any value) are set for the UE. In this case, the future CSI resources to be predicted correspond to the CSI resources of the two hatched opportunities. This example also shows examples of Y and Y'.

FIGS. 26 to 29 are diagrams showing an example of information related to P/SP/A-Future CSI resources. FIG. 26 to FIG. 29 show examples in which the CSI-Prediction field, which is information related to P/SP/A-Future CSI resources, is included in the CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig information element), the CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfig information element), the NZP-CSI-RS resource set configuration (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet information element), and the NZP-CSI-RS resource configuration (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource information element).

Here, the parameter timeOffsettoReport corresponds to the offset information above, the parameter predictionPeriodicity corresponds to the P3 information above, the parameter outputNumber corresponds to the N3 information above, and the parameter outputBitmap corresponds to the B3 information above.

According to the third embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately determine future CSI resources.

Fourth Embodiment
The fourth embodiment relates to the time for reporting CSI.

In the present disclosure, the time for reporting CSI may be referred to as a CSI reporting time, a reporting time, a reporting opportunity, etc. In the fourth embodiment, CSI may mean future CSI or may mean normal CSI (CSI that is not future CSI).

In the fourth embodiment, the UE may determine the reporting time based on settings from the network, or based on its own UE capabilities. The reporting time may be specified in advance in the standard.

For example, in the fourth embodiment, the UE may determine the reporting time by itself. The UE may transmit information regarding the determined reporting time to the NW.

In the fourth embodiment, the UE may use a reporting time that is predefined in the standard. The predefined reporting time may be predefined with respect to a CSI reporting configuration/CSI resource configuration indicated as "CSI prediction."

In the fourth embodiment, the UE may determine the report time based on the setting from the NW. For A-CSI reporting, the method of determining the report time in the existing NR may be used. For P/SP-CSI reporting, for example, information on the time period of the report time (which may be expressed as P4, for example) may be set in the CSI reporting setting indicated as "CSI prediction". The information on P4 may directly indicate the value of P4, or may indicate the value of the scaling factor (which may be expressed as δ, for example) of the set CSI reporting period (indicated by the parameter of the existing CSI reporting period, which may be expressed as P, for example). In the latter case, P4 = δ * P. P4 and δ may be integers or decimals. The UE may also determine the report time based on a valid uplink slot determined based on a notification from the base station. Here, the valid uplink slot may correspond to a slot that does not include a specific downlink (or uplink) channel/reference signal (e.g., SSB), a slot that does not include a downlink symbol/flexible symbol, or a combination of these. Slots that do not include a particular downlink (or uplink) channel/reference signal may be determined based on RRC configuration of downlink (or uplink) channel/reference signal, trigger of DCI, etc. Slots that do not include downlink symbols/flexible symbols may be determined based on RRC TDD UL-DL configuration, slot format specified by RRC/DCI, etc. The UE may report CSI, for example, when P4 valid uplink slots have passed since the last CSI report.

In the fourth embodiment, the UE may determine the reporting time based on information associated with the AI model being configured/registered/activated. That is, the information regarding the reporting time may be associated with the AI model. For example, when an AI model related to the prediction is activated, future CSI may be reported at a long interval, and when an AI model related to the prediction is deactivated, normal CSI (CSI that is not future CSI) may be reported at a short interval. In other words, the reporting time may be changed based on model activation/deactivation without RRC reconfiguration.

Figure 30 shows an example of a reporting time. In this example, an existing CSI reporting period parameter indicating period P is set for the UE. Also, in this example, it is assumed that δ=3 is set for the UE. In this case, the reporting time is the timing corresponding to the illustrated reporting period P4=3*P.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of information related to the report time. The parameter predictionReportPeriodicityScaling corresponds to the information δ described above. The start slot of the report time may be specified by (the offset indicated by) CSI-ReportPeriodicityAndOffset, for example.

According to the fourth embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately determine the reporting time.

Fifth embodiment
The fifth embodiment relates to a CSI reporting configuration.

In the fifth embodiment, the UE may configure (generate) one UCI/CSI report/reporting instance per time instance (e.g., one historical CSI resource/one future CSI resource). That is, one UCI/CSI report/reporting instance may correspond to one time instance.

In the fifth embodiment, the UE may configure (generate) one UCI/CSI report/report instance for multiple time instances (e.g., multiple historical CSI resources/multiple future CSI resources) in one or multiple CSI reports. That is, one UCI/CSI report/report instance may correspond to multiple time instances.

The bit width/bit structure for Future CSI may be scaled according to the number of time instances of Future CSI. For example, CRI/SSBRI/RSRP/SINR/RI/CQI/RI of Future CSI may be scaled according to the number of time instances of Future CSI included in one CSI report.

Furthermore, the number of bits of CRI/SSBRI/RSRP/SINR/RI/CQI/RI of Future CSI may be supported to be larger than the number of bits specified in Tables 6.3.1.1.2-1 to 6 of the existing TS 38.212.

The mapping order of CSI for multiple time instances in one CSI may follow the mapping order specified in Tables 6.3.1.1.2-7 to 11 of the existing TS 38.212, or may be an extension of this order.

The mapping order of multiple CSI reports to the UCI bit sequence may follow the mapping order specified in Tables 6.3.1.1.2-12 to 14 of the existing TS 38.212, or may be an extension of this order.

Fields in the CSI report (e.g., CRI/SSBRI field, RSRP field, etc.) may be configured to distinguish time instances. For example, a field for time instance #0 and a field for time instance #1 may be included in the CSI report. Note that fields in the CSI report (e.g., CRI/SSBRI field, RSRP field, etc.) may be extended to include other CSI (e.g., CQI/RI/PMI).

Note that one CSI report may include both a field corresponding to measurement results in historical CSI resources and a field corresponding to future CSI.

According to the fifth embodiment described above, inference/evaluation based on an AI model can be appropriately performed on the UE side.

<Additional Information>
[AI model information]
In this disclosure, AI model information may mean information including at least one of the following:
- AI model input/output information,
- Pre-processing/post-processing information for input/output of AI models;
・Information on the parameters of the AI model,
- Training information for the AI model;
- Inference information for AI models,
・Performance information about the AI model.

Here, the input/output information of the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
Content of input/output data (e.g. RSRP, SINR, amplitude/phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the Angle of Arrival (AoA), information on the Angle of Departure (AoD), location information);
- auxiliary information of the data (which may be called meta-information);
- Input/output data types (e.g. immutable values, floating point numbers),
- Bit width of input/output data (e.g. 64 bits for each input value),
Quantization interval (quantization step size) of input/output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP);
The range that the input/output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

In the present disclosure, the information regarding AoA may include information regarding at least one of the azimuth angle of arrival and the zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). Furthermore, the information regarding AoD may include information regarding at least one of the azimuth angle of departure and the zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

In the present disclosure, the location information may be location information regarding the UE/NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information on the BS adjacent to (or serving) the UE (e.g., a BS/cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction/angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., coordinates on the X/Y/Z axes), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location/position/orientation of antennas, location/orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

The location information may include mobility information. The mobility information may include information indicating at least one of the following: a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of fixed location UE, movable/moving UE, no mobility UE, low mobility UE, middle mobility UE, high mobility UE, cell-edge UE, not-cell-edge UE, etc.

In the present disclosure, environmental information (for data) may be information regarding the environment in which the data is acquired/used, and may correspond to, for example, frequency information (such as a band ID), environmental type information (information indicating at least one of indoor, outdoor, Urban Macro (UMa), Urban Micro (Umi), etc.), information indicating Line Of Site (LOS)/Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), etc.

Here, LOS may mean that the UE and BS are in an environment where they can see each other (or there is no obstruction), and NLOS may mean that the UE and BS are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there is an obstruction). Information indicating LOS/NLOS may indicate a soft value (e.g., the probability of LOS/NLOS) or a hard value (e.g., either LOS or NLOS).

In the present disclosure, meta-information may mean, for example, information regarding input/output information suitable for an AI model, information regarding data that has been acquired/can be acquired, etc. Specifically, meta-information may include information regarding beams of RS (e.g., CSI-RS/SRS/SSB, etc.) (e.g., the pointing angle of each beam, 3 dB beam width, the shape of the pointed beam, the number of beams), layout information of gNB/UE antennas, frequency information, environmental information, meta-information ID, etc. In addition, meta-information may be used as input/output of an AI model.

The pre-processing/post-processing information for the input/output of the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
Whether to apply normalization (e.g., Z-score normalization, min-max normalization),
Parameters for normalization (e.g. mean/variance for Z-score normalization, min/max for min-max normalization);
Whether to apply a specific numeric transformation method (e.g., one hot encoding, label encoding, etc.);
Selection rule for whether or not to use as training data.

For example, the input information x may be subjected to Z-score normalization (x _new = (x - μ) / σ, where μ is the average of x and σ is the standard deviation) as pre-processing, and normalized input information x _new may be input to the AI model, and the output y _out from the AI model may be subjected to post-processing to obtain the final output y.

The information of the parameters of the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
- Weight information in an AI model (e.g., neuron coefficients (connection coefficients)),
・Structure of the AI model,
- The type of AI model as a model component (e.g., Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, RefineNet, Transformer model, CRBlock, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)),
- Functions of the AI model as model components (e.g., decoder, encoder).

In addition, the weight information in the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
- Bit width (size) of weight information
Quantization interval of weight information,
- Granularity of weight information,
- The range of possible weight information
- Weight parameters in the AI model,
- Information on the difference from the AI model before the update (if updating),
- Method of weight initialization (e.g., zero initialization, random initialization (based on normal/uniform/truncated normal distribution), Xavier initialization (for sigmoid function), He initialization (for Rectified Linear Units (ReLU))).

The structure of the AI model may also include information regarding at least one of the following:
Number of layers,
- Type of layer (e.g., convolutional, activation, dense, normalization, pooling, attention);
- Layer information,
Time series specific parameters (e.g. bidirectionality, time step),
Parameters for training (e.g., type of feature (L2 regularization, dropout feature, etc.), where to put this feature (e.g., after which layer)).

The layer information may include information regarding at least one of the following:
- The number of neurons in each layer,
- kernel size,
strides for pooling/convolutional layers,
Pooling method (MaxPooling, AveragePooling, etc.),
- Information on the residual block,
Number of heads,
- Normalization method (batch normalization, instance normalization, layer normalization, etc.),
Activation functions (sigmoid, tanh function, ReLU, leaky ReLU information, Maxout, Softmax).

An AI model may be included as a component of another AI model. For example, an AI model may be an AI model in which processing proceeds in the order of model component #1 (ResNet), model component #2 (a transformer model), a dense layer, and a normalization layer.

Training information for the AI model may include information regarding at least one of the following:
Information for the optimization algorithm (e.g., type of optimization (Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)), AdaGrad, Adam, etc.), parameters of the optimization (learning rate, momentum information, etc.),
Loss function information (e.g., information on metrics of the loss function (Mean Absolute Error (MAE)), Mean Square Error (MSE), Cross Entropy Loss, NLL Loss, Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence, etc.));
- parameters to be frozen for training (e.g. layers, weights),
- parameters to be updated (e.g. layers, weights),
- parameters that should be (used as) initial parameters for training (e.g. layers, weights);
How to train/update the AI model (e.g., (recommended) number of epochs, batch size, number of data used for training).

The inference information for the AI model may include information regarding decision tree branch pruning, parameter quantization, and the function of the AI model. Here, the function of the AI model may correspond to at least one of, for example, time domain beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, autoencoder for CSI feedback, and autoencoder for beam management.

An autoencoder for CSI feedback may be used as follows:
The UE inputs the CSI/channel matrix/precoding matrix into the AI model of the encoder and transmits the encoded bits as CSI feedback (CSI report);
- The BS reconstructs the CSI/channel matrix/precoding matrix, which is output as input to the AI model of the decoder using the received encoded bits.

In spatial domain beam prediction, the UE/BS may input measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) based on sparse (or thick) beams into an AI model to output dense (or thin) beam quality.

In time domain beam prediction, the UE/BS may input time series (past, present, etc.) measurement results (beam quality, e.g., RSRP) into an AI model and output future beam quality.

The performance information regarding the AI model may include information regarding the expected value of a loss function defined for the AI model.

The AI model information in this disclosure may include information regarding the scope of application (scope of applicability) of the AI model. The scope of application may be indicated by a physical cell ID, a serving cell index, etc. Information regarding the scope of application may be included in the above-mentioned environmental information.

AI model information regarding a specific AI model may be predetermined in a standard, or may be notified to the UE from the network (NW). An AI model defined in a standard may be referred to as a reference AI model. AI model information regarding a reference AI model may be referred to as reference AI model information.

The AI model information in the present disclosure may include an index for identifying the AI model (e.g., may be called an AI model index, an AI model ID, a model ID, etc.). The AI model information in the present disclosure may include an AI model index in addition to/instead of the input/output information of the AI model described above. The association between the AI model index and the AI model information (e.g., input/output information of the AI model) may be predetermined in a standard, or may be notified to the UE from the NW.

The AI model information in this disclosure may be associated with an AI model and may be referred to as AI model relevant information, simply relevant information, etc. The AI model relevant information does not need to explicitly include information for identifying the AI model. The AI model relevant information may be information that includes only meta information, for example.

In the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as an ID (model set ID) corresponding to a set of AI models. Also, in the present disclosure, the model ID may be interchangeably read as a meta information ID. The meta information (or meta information ID) may be associated with information regarding the beam (beam setting) as described above. For example, the meta information (or meta information ID) may be used by the UE to select an AI model taking into account which beam the BS is using, or may be used to notify the BS of which beam to use to apply the AI model deployed by the UE. Also, in the present disclosure, the meta information ID may be interchangeably read as an ID (meta information set ID) corresponding to a set of meta information.

[Notification of information to UE]
In the above-described embodiment, any information may be notified to the UE (from the NW) (in other words, any information received from the BS in the UE) using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

When the above notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.

When the notification is made by a DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-mentioned embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[Information notification from UE]
In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE (to the NW) (in other words, transmission/report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal/channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

If the notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID in the MAC subheader that is not specified in existing standards.

If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned embodiments, notification of any information from the UE may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[Application of each embodiment]
At least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when a specific condition is satisfied, which may be specified in a standard or may be notified to a UE/BS using higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling.

At least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied only to UEs that have reported or support a particular UE capability.

The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following:
Supporting specific processing/operations/control/information for at least one of the above embodiments;
Supporting CSI prediction;
P/SP/A - supporting CSI prediction based on historical CSI resources;
Supporting CSI prediction based on P/SP/A-future CSI resources.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities per frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), capabilities per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities per subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or capabilities per Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

The specific UE capabilities may be capabilities that are applied across all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be capabilities for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

Furthermore, at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied when the UE configures/activates/triggers specific information related to the above-mentioned embodiments (or performs the operations of the above-mentioned embodiments) by higher layer signaling/physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information may be information indicating the enablement of the use of an AI model, information indicating the enablement of CSI prediction, any RRC parameters for a particular release (e.g., Rel. 18/19), etc.

If the UE does not support at least one of the above specific UE capabilities or the above specific information is not configured, the UE may, for example, apply Rel. 15/16 operations.

(Additional Note)
With respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention is noted.
[Appendix 1]
a receiver for receiving information regarding an indication of a Channel State Information (CSI) prediction;
and a control unit that performs CSI prediction based on the information.
[Appendix 2]
The control unit determines that a CSI reporting setting included in a specific entry or a specific range of entries in a list of CSI reporting settings is associated with the information, and performs the CSI prediction based on the CSI reporting setting. The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1.
[Appendix 3]
The terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the information is a field included in a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) for aperiodic CSI reporting or a MAC CE for semi-persistent CSI reporting.
[Appendix 4]
The terminal according to any one of Supplementary Note 1 to Supplementary Note 3, wherein the information is a radio network temporary identifier (SP-CSI-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) used for scrambling a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) added to downlink control information for activating or triggering CSI reporting.

(Additional Note)
With respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention is noted.
[Appendix 1]
A receiver for receiving information on a CSI resource for measuring past channel state information (CSI);
A terminal comprising: a control unit that performs CSI prediction based on a measurement result of the CSI resource.
[Appendix 2]
The information includes, as the information on periodic or semi-persistent CSI resources, information on a time period, information on the number of CSI resources, and a bitmap;
The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit performs the CSI prediction based on measurement results of CSI resources at positions designated to be used for prediction by the bitmap, among the number of CSI resources existing in the time period.
[Appendix 3]
The information includes, as the information regarding the aperiodic CSI resource, information regarding a time period and information regarding an offset;
The terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit performs the CSI prediction based on measurement results of a plurality of CSI resources that exist in the time period starting after the offset from downlink control information that triggers measurement of the aperiodic CSI resource.

(Additional Note)
With respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the following invention is noted.
[Appendix 1]
A receiver for receiving information on a CSI resource for predicting future channel state information (CSI);
A terminal comprising: a control unit that performs CSI prediction on the CSI resource.
[Appendix 2]
The information includes, as the information on periodic or semi-persistent CSI resources, information on a time period, information on the number of CSI resources, and a bitmap;
The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit performs the CSI prediction on a CSI resource at a position designated as a prediction target by the bitmap, among the number of CSI resources existing in the time period.
[Appendix 3]
The information includes information about an offset, information about a time period, information about a number of CSI resources, and a bitmap.
The terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit assumes that there are the number of CSI resources that exist in the time period based on a time after the offset has elapsed from a specific timing, and performs the CSI prediction on CSI resources at positions designated as prediction targets by the bitmap among the number of CSI resources.

(Wireless communication system)
A configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination of these.

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may simply be referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), or the like.

The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are arranged within the macrocell C1 and form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The arrangement and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

In addition, the user terminal 20 may communicate using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) in each CC.

The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber conforming to the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which corresponds to the upper station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which corresponds to a relay station, may be called an IAB node.

The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include at least one of, for example, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as, for example, a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Note that multiple functions may be provided by one network node. In addition, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may be performed via the DN.

The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

In the wireless communication system 1, a wireless access method based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) may be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), etc. may be used.

The radio access method may also be called a waveform. In the wireless communication system 1, other radio access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL radio access methods.

In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), etc. may be used as an uplink channel.

User data, upper layer control information, System Information Block (SIB), etc. are transmitted via PDSCH. User data, upper layer control information, etc. may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Block (MIB) may also be transmitted via PBCH.

Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (Downlink Control Information (DCI)) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be called a DL assignment or DL DCI, and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be called a UL grant or UL DCI. Note that the PDSCH may be interpreted as DL data, and the PUSCH may be interpreted as UL data.

A control resource set (COntrol REsource SET (CORESET)) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to the resources to search for DCI. The search space corresponds to the search region and search method of PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or multiple search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a search space based on the search space configuration.

A search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space setting," "search space set setting," "CORESET," "CORESET setting," etc. in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.

The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK/NACK, etc.), and a scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

Note that in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS/PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), etc. In addition, the SS, SSB, etc. may also be called a reference signal.

In addition, in the wireless communication system 1, a measurement reference signal (Sounding Reference Signal (SRS)), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

(base station)
33 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

Note that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the base station 10 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing of communication channels (setting, release, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

The transceiver unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 130 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.

The transceiver 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transceiver 120 (transmission processor 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes providing NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

Note that the transmitter and receiver of the base station 10 in this disclosure may be configured with at least one of the transmitter/receiver 120, the transmitter/receiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

The transceiver 120 may transmit information regarding an instruction to predict Channel State Information (CSI) to the user terminal 20. The transceiver 120 may receive CSI predicted in the user terminal 20 based on the information.

The transceiver 120 may also transmit information about CSI resources for measuring past channel state information (CSI) to the user terminal 20. The transceiver 120 may also receive CSI predicted in the user terminal 20 based on the measurement results of the CSI resources.

The transceiver 120 may also transmit information regarding CSI resources for predicting future channel state information (CSI) to the user terminal 20. The transceiver 120 may also receive CSI predicted in the user terminal 20 for the CSI resources.

(User terminal)
34 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting/receiving unit 220, and a transmitting/receiving antenna 230. Note that the control unit 210, the transmitting/receiving unit 220, and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230 may each include one or more.

Note that this example mainly shows the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment, and the user terminal 20 may also be assumed to have other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains.

The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230, measurement, etc. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter/receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on a common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

The transceiver unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transceiver unit, or may be composed of a transmission unit and a reception unit. The transmission unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The reception unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

The transmitting/receiving antenna 230 can be configured as an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which this disclosure pertains, such as an array antenna.

The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

The transceiver 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc.

The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on the data and control information acquired from the controller 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

The transceiver 220 (transmission processor 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the settings of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing in order to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is not enabled, it is not necessary to perform DFT processing as the above-mentioned transmission processing.

The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

The transceiver 220 (reception processor 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting/receiving unit 220 and the transmitting/receiving antenna 230.

The transceiver unit 220 may receive information regarding an instruction to predict Channel State Information (CSI). The control unit 210 may perform CSI prediction based on the information.

The control unit 210 may determine that a CSI reporting setting included in a specific entry or a specific range of entries in the list of CSI reporting settings is associated with the information, and perform the CSI prediction based on the CSI reporting setting.

The information may be a field contained in a Medium Access Control control element (MAC Control Element (CE)) for aperiodic CSI reporting or a MAC CE for semi-persistent CSI reporting.

The information may be a radio network temporary identifier (SP-CSI-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI)) used to scramble a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) that is added to downlink control information to activate or trigger CSI reporting.

The transceiver 220 may also receive information about CSI resources for measuring past channel state information (CSI). The control unit 210 may perform CSI prediction based on the measurement results of the CSI resources.

The information may include information on a time period, information on the number of CSI resources, and a bitmap as the information on periodic or semi-persistent CSI resources. The control unit 210 may perform the CSI prediction based on the measurement results of CSI resources at positions designated for use in prediction by the bitmap, among the number of CSI resources present in the time period.

The information may include information on a time period and information on an offset as the information on the aperiodic CSI resource. The control unit 210 may perform the CSI prediction based on measurement results of a plurality of CSI resources that exist in the time period starting after the offset from the downlink control information that triggers the measurement of the aperiodic CSI resource.

The transceiver 220 may also receive information about CSI resources for predicting future Channel State Information (CSI). The control unit 210 may perform CSI prediction for the CSI resources.

The information may include information on a time period, information on the number of CSI resources, and a bitmap as the information on periodic or semi-persistent CSI resources. The control unit 210 may perform the CSI prediction on a CSI resource at a position designated as a prediction target by the bitmap among the number of CSI resources that exist in the time period.

The information may include information on an offset, information on a time period, information on the number of CSI resources, and a bitmap. The control unit 210 may assume that there are the number of CSI resources that exist in the time period based on the offset from a specific timing, and may perform the CSI prediction for the CSI resources at positions designated as prediction targets by the bitmap among the number of CSI resources.

(Hardware configuration)
The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. The method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more devices that are physically or logically separated and directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.). The functional blocks may be realized by combining the one device or the multiple devices with software.

Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgement, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs the transmission function may be called a transmitting unit, a transmitter, and the like. In either case, as mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on the method of realization.

For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

In addition, in this disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the figures, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or using other techniques. Furthermore, the processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are realized, for example, by loading specific software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communications via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, registers, etc. For example, at least a portion of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transmission/reception unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

The processor 1001 also reads out programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes according to these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be realized by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks.

Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), and other suitable storage media. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting/receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc., to realize at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting/receiving antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmitting/receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmitting unit 120a (220a) and a receiving unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one structure (e.g., a touch panel).

Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002 is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

(Modification)
In addition, the terms described in this disclosure and the terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be read as mutually interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot, a pilot signal, or the like depending on the applied standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, a frequency carrier, a carrier frequency, or the like.

A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter that is applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of the following: SubCarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, a specific filtering process performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, a specific windowing process performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units when transmitting a signal. A different name may be used for a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol, respectively. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in this disclosure may be read as interchangeable.

For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each user terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-coded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) in which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

Note that when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (minislots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

Note that a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, and may be, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

Furthermore, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may be one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI in length. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (Physical RB (PRB)), a sub-carrier group (Sub-Carrier Group (SCG)), a resource element group (Resource Element Group (REG)), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area of one subcarrier and one symbol.

A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RB relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal/channel outside the active BWP. Note that "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

Note that the above-mentioned structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, as well as the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length can be changed in various ways.

In addition, the information, parameters, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using absolute values, may be represented using relative values from a predetermined value, or may be represented using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not limiting in any respect. Furthermore, the formulas and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting in any respect.

The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

In addition, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and/or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input/output via multiple network nodes.

Input/output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input/output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

The notification of information is not limited to the aspects/embodiments described in this disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), etc.), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination of these.

The physical layer signaling may be called Layer 1/Layer 2 (L1/L2) control information (L1/L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. The RRC signaling may be called an RRC message, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, etc. The MAC signaling may be notified, for example, using a MAC Control Element (CE).

Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

The determination may be based on a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value represented by true or false, or a comparison of numerical values (e.g., with a predetermined value).

Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and/or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave, etc.), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. "Network" may refer to the devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "antenna port group," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "resource group," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," and "panel" may be used interchangeably.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "Radio base station", "Fixed station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission/Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell group", "Carrier", "Component carrier", etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also provide communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small base station for indoor use (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of at least one of the base station and base station subsystems that provide communication services in this coverage.

In this disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control/operate based on the information.

In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)", "user terminal", "User Equipment (UE)", and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. In addition, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

The moving body in question refers to an object that can move, and the moving speed is arbitrary, and of course includes the case where the moving body is stationary. The moving body in question includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted on these. The moving body in question may also be a moving body that moves autonomously based on an operating command.

The moving object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned moving object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

The drive unit 41 is composed of at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an Input/Output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

Signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the motor current, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46/rear wheels 47 acquired by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 acquired by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 acquired by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 58.

The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, displays, televisions, and radios, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information/services (e.g., multimedia information/multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, a touch panel, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, a touch panel, etc.) that perform output to the outside.

The driving assistance system unit 64 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving load, such as a millimeter wave radar, a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., a High Definition (HD) map, an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), an Inertial Navigation System (INS), etc.), an Artificial Intelligence (AI) chip, and an AI processor, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize a driving assistance function or an autonomous driving function.

The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 between the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58 that are provided on the vehicle 40.

The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the above-mentioned base station 10 or user terminal 20. The communication module 60 may also be, for example, at least one of the above-mentioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the signals from the various sensors 50-58 described above input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above input.

The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH (or data/information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

The communication module 60 also stores various information received from external devices in memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided on the vehicle 40.

Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, each aspect/embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, the uplink channel, downlink channel, etc. may be read as the sidelink channel.

Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure may be interpreted as a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

In this disclosure, operations that are described as being performed by a base station may in some cases be performed by its upper node. In a network that includes one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or a Serving-Gateway (S-GW)), or a combination of these.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched between depending on the implementation. In addition, the processing procedures, sequences, flow charts, etc. of each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged as long as there is no inconsistency. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an exemplary order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

Each aspect/embodiment described in this disclosure includes Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio The present invention may be applied to systems that use Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wide Band (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), and other appropriate wireless communication methods, as well as next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. In addition, multiple systems may be combined (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G, etc.).

As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

Any reference to elements using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc.

"Determining" may also be considered to mean "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc.

"Judgment" may also be considered to mean "deciding" to resolve, select, choose, establish, compare, etc. In other words, "judgment" may also be considered to mean "deciding" to take some kind of action.

In addition, "judgment (decision)" may be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

The "maximum transmit power" referred to in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, may mean the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or may mean the rated UE maximum transmit power.

As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected" and "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between the elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "accessed."

In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, and the like, as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, and the like, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combined" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Additionally, the term "or," as used in this disclosure, is not intended to be an exclusive or.

In this disclosure, where articles have been added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are plural.

In this disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be read as interchangeable. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," etc. may be read as interchangeable (without being limited to positive, comparative, or superlative). In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," etc. may be read as interchangeable (without being limited to positive, comparative, or superlative) with "ith" added (for example, "best" may be read as "ith best").

In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

　The invention disclosed herein has been described in detail above, but it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention disclosed herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The invention disclosed herein can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the disclosure is intended as an illustrative example and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A receiver for receiving information on a CSI resource for measuring past channel state information (CSI);
   A terminal comprising: a control unit that performs CSI prediction based on a measurement result of the CSI resource.
2. The information includes, as the information on periodic or semi-persistent CSI resources, information on a time period, information on the number of CSI resources, and a bitmap;
   The terminal of claim 1 , wherein the control unit performs the CSI prediction based on a measurement result of a CSI resource at a position designated to be used for prediction by the bitmap, among the number of CSI resources existing in the time period.
3. The information includes, as the information regarding the aperiodic CSI resource, information regarding a time period and information regarding an offset;
   The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit performs the CSI prediction based on measurement results of a plurality of CSI resources that exist in the time period starting after the offset from downlink control information that triggers the measurement of the non-periodic CSI resource.
4. receiving information regarding a CSI resource for measuring past Channel State Information (CSI);
   and performing CSI prediction based on the measurement result of the CSI resource.
5. A transmitter that transmits information regarding a CSI resource for measuring past channel state information (CSI) to a terminal;
   A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives CSI predicted in the terminal based on a measurement result of the CSI resource.

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