WO2024072253A1

WO2024072253A1 - Device for indicating temperature rise above a threshold value

Info

Publication number: WO2024072253A1
Application number: PCT/RU2022/000300
Authority: WO
Inventors: Алексей Валерьевич ЛЕСИВ; Станислав Анатольевич АМЕЛИЧЕВ; Елизавета Алексеевна ГЕРАСИМЧУК; Екатерина Александровна КНЯЗЕВА
Original assignee: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Термоэлектрика"
Priority date: 2022-09-28
Filing date: 2022-10-03
Publication date: 2024-04-04

Abstract

A device for indicating temperature rise above a threshold value is designed in the form of an elastic label having a laminar structure comprising: an adhesive layer; a coloured elastic base containing not less than 5 wt% of halogen atoms and having information about threshold temperatures inscribed thereon; a heat-sensitive material applied to a region of the front surface of said base, said heat-sensitive material containing a solid organic substance with the structural fragment CnH(2n+1), where n≥5, and being capable of visually indicating overheating by means of an irreversible change in its transparency in the event of temperatures within a range of ±5°С of the threshold temperature shown on the label; and an elastic transparent protective film that covers the front surface of the base and the heat-sensitive material. The device remains capable of visually indicating overheating within a range of ±5°С of the threshold temperature shown on the label when installed on a cylindrical surface having a radius of curvature of from 2 mm, as well as after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% of its original size, and increases the operating safety of equipment by virtue of its ability to adhere snugly to complex-shaped surfaces, as well as to surfaces, the linear dimensions of which may change by up to 10%.

Description

Device for recording exceeding threshold temperature

Field of technology to which the claimed utility model relates

The utility model relates to devices for recording exceeding threshold temperatures, namely to devices that are elastic stickers for recording exceeding threshold temperatures.

State of the art

An increase in temperature is one of the first and most common signs of the development of defects in various equipment, such as an increase in transient contact resistance in the electrical power industry, disruptions in the operation of bearings in mechanics, interturn short circuits in the windings of electric motors, failure of chargers or batteries in household appliances. Timely detection of such overheating makes it possible to eliminate the malfunction in advance and prevent equipment failure, emergency situations and associated fires or shutdowns. Technical and regulatory documents establish maximum permissible temperatures, heating above which should be considered a defect requiring immediate cessation of operation and removal of equipment for repair (for example, RD 34.45-51.300-97, RD 153-34.0-20.363-99, GOST 8865-93 , 8024-90, 10693-81, 2213-79, 10434-82, 16708-84, 2585-81, 32397-2020, 26346-84, 839-2019, GOST R 51321.1-2007, etc.).

To identify defects associated with exceeding maximum permissible temperatures, various diagnostic methods are used. Means of continuous monitoring of overheating include chemical or mechanical temperature indicators, which can be of two types: reversible (changing appearance only when heated and returning it when cooled) and irreversible (changing appearance after exceeding a given temperature and maintaining it after cooling).

An example of reversible devices for controlling overheating is the invention described in document US7600912B2 (publication date March 20, 2007) and which is a single-layer or two-layer sticker, the heat-sensitive element of which contains leuco dyes and a developer in a binder. When a certain temperature is reached, the binder melts and the developer reacts with dye, coloring the label. After lowering the temperature, the dye crystallizes and the color is restored.

An inorganic reversible temperature indicator based on a chromium(III) complex compound is described in document RU2561737C1 (publication date 09/12/2014). The proposed thermochromic material has the ability to reversibly change color when heated above a temperature of 120°C. A feature of this kind of invention is the need to visually record heating at the moment the temperature is exceeded without the possibility of detecting defects outside of peak loads, so these devices are not widely used.

Unlike reversible indicators, irreversible indicators allow not only to identify, but also to record the fact that a threshold temperature has been exceeded. At the same time, inspection of such devices can be carried out without creating a maximum load mode and even on equipment taken out for repair.

As mentioned earlier, temperature indicators are used in a wide variety of areas, however, perhaps the strongest and most complex requirements are placed on temperature indicators used in the energy sector.

Thus, for the safe use of temperature indicators in the energy sector, the device must have a number of necessary characteristics: have low combustibility and flammability; have high electrical strength and dielectric properties; irreversibly record exceeding threshold temperatures with high accuracy; have flexibility and strength; have strong adhesive properties for a tight fit to various surfaces.

At the same time, a device with such characteristics can be easily used in any other area.

Irreversible heating indicators can be classified according to their operating principle. Indicators are known that are based on the mechanical destruction of a temperature-sensitive element, on the chemical reaction of the components of the composition, or on the phase transition of a temperature-sensitive component.

An example of a temperature indicator based on mechanical destruction is described in the source [US6176197B1, publication date 11/02/1998], according to which The temperature indicator is a closed hollow transparent elongated tube with two compositions of different colors, isolated from each other by a polymer partition having a melting point close to the melting temperatures of the compositions. When a given threshold temperature is reached, the partition is destroyed, the compositions melt and mix, as a result of which the color of the contents of the tube changes. Features of the invention include the impossibility of controlling overheating of the entire surface, low response speed, since to complete the color transition it is necessary not only to completely melt the indicator composition and the polymer membrane separating them, but also the time for mixing the resulting liquid phases, which, due to insufficiently fast diffusion processes nearby melting point may be difficult. In addition, the design features of the described invention do not allow the creation of a flexible device that fits tightly to the entire controlled surface.

The chemical reaction of etching a metal substrate with an activator, which begins when a certain temperature is reached, is described in the patent [EP2288879B1, publication date 06/04/2008]. The indicator changes color from silvery-white or mirror-like to colorless and can be used for temperature monitoring in food, medical, and electrical equipment. In this case, the metal layer and the activator layer can be applied to a thin film made in the form of a sticker, which ensures the flexibility of the product and the ability to be attached to various surfaces. Another example of a temperature indicator, the basis of which is a chemical interaction, is the invention described in the source [US6957623B2, publication date 03/09/2004]. The heat-sensitive material in this case contains a mixture of water, latex and ice-forming active microorganisms and is transparent until a threshold temperature is reached. When heated to a predetermined temperature, latex and ice-forming active microorganisms interact with each other to form an opaque material. Among the commercially available indicators, the principle of operation of which is based on the occurrence of a chemical reaction, we can highlight the indicator of the Retomark model, supplied by LLC Innovative Company YALOS (https://www.yalosindicator.com/product/termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury).

The presented irreversible temperature indicators, the operating principle of which is based on chemical reactions, are characterized by low accuracy, since According to the Arrhenius equation, the degree of occurrence of a chemical reaction is determined not only by temperature, but also by time. Therefore, prolonged exposure of the composition at a temperature slightly lower than the threshold value will also lead to the product triggering. At the same time, the above standards regulate specific threshold temperature values with an interval of no more than 5°C, which makes the described inventions unsuitable for detecting defects. Another feature of such devices is the presence of a pronounced dependence of the response time on temperature: with short-term heating to a threshold value, the chemical reaction may not be completed and a change in the color of the indicator either will not occur or will be insufficient for detection. In addition, due to the reversibility of color transition reactions, the appearance of some products returns to their original state after prolonged exposure at low temperatures.

A significant disadvantage of indicators based on mechanical destruction or a chemical reaction is also that when the layer of the temperature-sensitive element is deformed, premature operation of the indicator may occur. Thus, they are not intended for use on uneven or curved surfaces, as well as on surfaces capable of changing their linear parameters, where their deformation may occur, leading to loss of functional properties.

The most accurate temperature indicators are those based on a phase transition, namely the melting of a heat-sensitive component. Since, unlike a chemical reaction, the temperature of the phase transition does not depend on the exposure time, such indicators have the greatest accuracy and are able to maintain their original appearance at a temperature slightly lower than the threshold. Also, indicators based on phase transition are less susceptible to premature operation when deformed, that is, they do not lose their functional properties and can be used on uneven and curved surfaces, as well as on surfaces that can change their linear parameters, when using certain classes substances and a suitable base.

In addition, the use of a temperature-sensitive material based on a phase transition allows the use of a thinner and more uniform layer of material, relative to, for example, materials whose action is based on a chemical reaction, which, among other things, has a positive effect on the flexibility of temperature indicators. Irreversible indicators based on the principle of phase transition of a thermosensitive component can be made in the form of special indicator devices (such as stickers, cambrics, clips, etc.), in which a hot-melt composition is factory-applied evenly in a thin layer to the base, ensuring good adhesion to the required surface, and is additionally covered with a polymer film, which protects the hot-melt composition from mechanical or chemical stress and does not allow it to drain when melted after operation.

Temperature indicators in the form of stickers are the most widely used, in particular due to ease of installation, accessibility and ease of use.

Irreversible temperature indicators can be made in single-temperature and multi-temperature versions. Single-temperature indicators, as a rule, are stickers, among the manufacturers of which are: TermoElectrika LLC

(https://www.lesiv.pro/%D0%B A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D 1 %8F-l-mark-pro), LLC "Innovative Company "YALOS"

(https://www.yalosindicator.com/product/termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury), CJSC "NPF "Luminofor" (htps://luminophor.ru/catalog/termoindikatomye-materialy/termoindikatory- plavleniya-marki-tin/) .

The advantage of irreversible multi-temperature indicators is that they make it possible to determine not only the fact that a given temperature has been exceeded, but also to determine the numerical value of the maximum surface temperature to which the controlled element was heated during operation. However, since most electrical devices and electrical installations have only one maximum permissible temperature limit, the use of multi-temperature indicators can lead to uncertainty during inspections. Thus, single-temperature indicators provide an unambiguous understanding of the occurrence of defects in various equipment, accompanied by exceeding the threshold temperature.

A partial change in the color of the temperature indicator is not enough to make a decision about the presence of a defect: it is necessary to additionally find out the maximum permissible temperature value for the controlled element, compare it with the found value, and only then make a decision about the need immediate removal of equipment for repair. In addition, due to the design features, each temperature window controls its own surface area, so each indicator element will measure the temperature of its own section of the surface (insulation) and with spot heating, its values will not correspond to the maximum temperature of the entire surface.

As sticker materials, it is necessary to use materials that have low flammability and flammability; high electrical strength and dielectric properties; sufficient mechanical strength, etc.

High electrical strength of individual layers of the sticker and the device as a whole is necessary to ensure safe use in electrical installations, motors or various electrical mechanisms. The lack of conductivity and the high value of the breakdown voltage make it possible to prevent the failure of electrical circuits, the occurrence of a short circuit or the ignition of an electric arc when the sticker comes into contact with open conductive elements.

It should also be taken into account that in the presence of an emergency defect, the heating of the contact can reach the self-ignition temperatures of the sticker. Ignition of the sticker, in turn, can lead to a fire in the electrical installation or an electric arc.

To use temperature indicators to record the excess temperature of the surface of electrical equipment elements or various mechanisms, it is necessary to take into account that often the surface of such elements has a complex geometry with a radius of curvature of 2 mm (for example, small-section electrical wire strands with or without insulation, steel-aluminum wires of overhead power lines, hardware clamps, the surface of coils, blades of bolted contact connections, contact lamellas, jaws of contact connections of fuses, etc.), these can also be the surfaces of metal conductive elements operating in a wide temperature range due to passing electric current or external heating/cooling and, as consequence, changing their linear dimensions over a significant range. Elements of other equipment also have a complex surface, in particular, electric motors, batteries, and bearings.

Therefore, for reliable registration of temperature rises, it is important that the device (in particular, made in the form of a sticker) has a high elasticity and flexibility for a reliable fit to such surfaces and does not even partially peel off from them during operation. Otherwise, if the sticker does not have sufficient elasticity and flexibility, then after removing the pressure with which it was glued, the elastic force will exceed adhesion (the force of adhesion of the sticker to the surface), as a result of which the sticker will tend to take its original shape and partially or completely peel off from the surface. The same thing can happen when the linear dimensions of the controlled surface change, including due to thermal expansion of the surface material when it is heated.

Manufacturers of temperature indicator stickers in their documentation often indicate the need to install their products on flat surfaces, which is likely due to their lack of flexibility and elasticity, as well as the fact that deformation may cause loss of functional properties of heat-sensitive materials.

At the same time, if the base of the sticker, which has the properties of temperature indicators, does not have elasticity and flexibility and/or the heat-sensitive composition loses its functional properties when deformed, then when using it for temperature control of surfaces with a small radius of curvature, complex surfaces shapes, as well as surfaces capable of changing their linear parameters, the reliability of recording temperature increases will be significantly reduced due to the following: in the case of using heat-sensitive materials based on membrane destruction, their premature operation may occur due to a physical violation of the integrity of the device elements; due to insufficient elasticity of the base, peeling of the heat-sensitive material from the base may occur, as well as the formation of cracks on its surface, which will lead to insufficient heating of the heat-sensitive material when the threshold temperature is exceeded (T (surface) is greater than T (heat-sensitive material)), as well as reducing the visibility of the triggered device; in the area where the sticker peels off from the controlled surface, an air bubble may form, which will act as thermal insulation, thereby allowing a significant temperature difference between temperatures surface and temperature of the heat-sensitive material (T(surface) is greater than the heat-sensitive material)), due to insufficient heating of the heat-sensitive material; uneven heating of the surface of a heat-sensitive material in the zone of peeling of a sticker or material, in which part of the layer of heat-sensitive material changes appearance (becomes transparent with the appearance of the color of the base), and part retains its original (opaque) state, which can lead to an unreliable conclusion about the location of registered overheating.

Many temperature indication labels known in the art use a transparent protective layer that covers the front surface of the base with applied areas of heat-sensitive materials and protects the heat-sensitive material from negative environmental factors, and also prevents the spread of the heat-sensitive material when the temperature threshold is exceeded.

It is equally important that said protective layer of the sticker also has elasticity and flexibility. When using an inelastic and inflexible protective layer for temperature control of surfaces that have a small radius of curvature, surfaces of complex shape, as well as surfaces that can change their linear parameters, the reliability of recording temperature increases will be significantly reduced due to the following: rupture of the protective film with loss of it is possible functional properties, which, as a consequence, will lead to deterioration of the properties of heat-sensitive materials; when the protective film is stretched, microcracks may form, due to which the transparency of the film will be reduced, which, as a consequence, will lead to insufficient contrast of the color transition of the sticker when threshold temperatures are exceeded; If the sticker is placed on devices with a small radius of curvature, the protective film will create excess pressure on the heat-sensitive material, thereby reducing the threshold temperature for its operation.

Thus, to reliably register overheating of the surface of electrical equipment elements above a threshold temperature value, among other things, it is necessary for the device to fit tightly to the surface behind which temperature control, including surfaces with a small radius of curvature, surfaces of complex shapes, as well as surfaces capable of increasing their linear parameters, as well as maintaining the functional properties (operation accuracy) of a heat-sensitive material when used on such surfaces.

Based on the level of technology we have studied in detail, it follows that, despite the large selection of temperature indicators, different both in the mechanism of action and in the number of recorded threshold temperatures, there remains a need for devices for recording exceeding the threshold temperature, ensuring the possibility of their safe and effective use on surfaces , including complex geometry with a small radius of curvature of 2 mm, as well as on surfaces whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, including elements of electrical equipment.

Thus, there is a need to create a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature of surfaces, including elements of electrical equipment, designed to permanently fit tightly to surfaces of complex geometry, including conductive elements of electrical equipment with a radius of curvature of 2 mm, as well as to surfaces , the linear dimensions of which can increase within 10%.

The prototype of the claimed device is temperature indicator stickers produced by the Japanese company NiGK Corporation, (https://contents.bownow.ip/files/index/sid_9c257787049ca562bbda7client id=d867dc3c-ab2f-4a08-ba5a-

downloadform%2Fen_data.html, catalog dedicated to temperature indicator materials). The above catalog discloses an indicator sticker that has a layered structure consisting of an insulating gasket, an adhesive layer, a non-changing colored base, an adhesive, a heat-activated composition and a protective polymer film. The adhesive layer that covers the back surface of the temperature indicator is heat-resistant, which allows you to attach the device to the surface with the measured temperature immediately after removing the insulating gasket. The protective polymer film that covers the temperature-sensing element is heat-resistant and protects it from water, chemicals, oils and environmental influences. High accuracy of temperature determination achieved by taking advantage of the color changing effect of a purified stable pigment when it reaches its melting point. In this case, the indicator is irreversible and does not return its original color after activation.

However, the manufacturer, on page 2 of the above catalog, warns about the need to attach these indicator stickers only to a flat surface, since attachment to curved surfaces or corners can lead to inaccurate operation of the device. This indicates insufficient flexibility of both the sticker base and the layer of heat-sensitive material, the attachment of which to surfaces of complex shape can lead to the formation of cracks and detachment of the composition layer from the base, as well as uneven heating of the heat-sensitive material, which will also reduce the accuracy of overheating registration. For this reason, such devices cannot be widely used to detect surface overheating and control temperature on equipment elements, including electrical equipment with complex geometry and a small radius of curvature.

The utility model is aimed at creating a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, made in the form of a sticker with elasticity, flexibility, and strength, for reliably recording the excess temperature of surfaces of various shapes, including elements of electrical equipment.

Terms and definitions used in this utility model

By “sticker” we mean an element of arbitrary shape, the back side of which is covered with adhesive protected by an insulating film, and after removing the film, the adhesive layer provides the necessary adhesion to the surface. The term “adhesion” refers to the adhesion of surfaces of dissimilar bodies. In relation to the present utility model, in particular, adhesion (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) can be at least 10N/25mm, which was determined experimentally.

The terms “elastic base” and “elastic protective film” characterize the base or protective film material, which refers to materials that have the ability to change their shape without breaking under external influence.

The term “temperature sensitive material” means a material that becomes more transparent to at least a portion of visible light relative to its original state when heated above a threshold temperature, and does not return to initial state after subsequent cooling. The temperature-sensitive material may consist, for example, of an individual organic compound or a salt of an organic acid, which undergoes a phase transition when a threshold temperature is reached, or of a mixture of substances. In addition, the heat-sensitive material may additionally include a binder, such as organic resins, for better adhesion of the heat-sensitive material on a flexible base, and other additives.

The term “threshold temperature” or “threshold temperature” refers to the numerical value of temperature at which an irreversible change in the properties of a heat-sensitive material occurs. In the claimed utility model, the accuracy of recording exceeding the threshold temperature is 5°C.

The term “accuracy of recording exceeding the threshold temperature” means the following:

1. Until the device reaches a temperature equal to the threshold temperature of the corresponding heat-sensitive material minus the value of the declared accuracy, there is no change in the transparency of the corresponding heat-sensitive material and the appearance of the device.

2. At a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature of the corresponding temperature-sensitive material plus the stated accuracy value, the corresponding temperature-sensitive material is transparent and the device has a different appearance from the original one.

3. The exact value of the phase transition of the temperature-sensitive component is within the declared range and is not further established. The accuracy of recording exceeding the threshold temperature determined by this utility model is 5°C.

“Phase transition” is the transition of a substance from one thermodynamic phase to another when external conditions change. In relation to the present utility model, a phase transition is “melting” and means the transition of a material from a solid to a liquid state when the temperature rises to or above the melting point of the composition.

In this utility model, the term “actuation” is applied to a heat-sensitive material that has undergone a phase transition with an increase in transparency. A device in which the temperature-sensitive material has changed transparency is designated as “triggered.”

AND “Defect” is the non-compliance of an object with the requirements established by the documentation for at least one indicator.

“Fire resistance” refers to the ability of a material to resist combustion under the influence of an ignition source.

The term “electric strength” defines the ability of a given device to withstand electrical voltage applied to it. In other words, electrical strength is the minimum electric field strength at which breakdown of the device occurs.

The term “dielectric” means the property of a given device to withstand an electrical voltage applied to it, while the minimum electric field strength at which breakdown of the device occurs exceeds the electrical strength of air under normal conditions with a layer thickness of 1 cm, which is 3 kV/mm.

The term “surface of complex geometry” refers to any curved surface containing bends, kinks and other nonlinear elements with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm. In this useful model, a cylindrical surface with longitudinal waves with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R = 2 mm is considered as a model surface of complex geometry.

The term “radius of curvature” of curved and cylindrical surfaces refers to the maximum radius of the circular arc that best fits those surfaces. In relation to the present utility model, “small radius of curvature” means a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more.

The term “cylindrical surface” refers to a developable closed or open ruled surface formed by the parallel movement of a straight line along some curved guide.

The term “elasticity” reveals the ability of a material, when bent around a cylindrical surface, to repeat its shape without losing its functional properties. The term “tensile/compressive elasticity” refers to the preservation of the functional properties of a material when a force is applied in any direction in a plane parallel to the plane of the material, as well as after the removal of this force.

“Elongation to break” means the numerical value of the elongation of a product or its parts during stretching, above which its physical properties are impaired. integrity and a rupture occurs. The value is expressed as a percentage, indicating how much the linear dimensions of the material increase when it is stretched relative to the corresponding original dimensions.

In this utility model, the term “glazing” is used to denote the process of formation of a uniform layer of one thermodynamic phase around a particle of another thermodynamic phase.

Essence of a utility model

This utility model was created to improve the operational safety of equipment, including energy equipment, through accurate and reliable registration of defects associated with exceeding a threshold temperature value by the surfaces and elements of this equipment.

The objective of this utility model is to create a device that provides the ability to reliably and accurately record the excess of a threshold temperature when placed on surfaces, including complex geometries with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm, and made of materials whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, and which does not lose its functional properties, including the accuracy of recording the threshold temperature exceeded, when gluing to the specified surfaces.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the safety of operation of various equipment, including electrical equipment, due to the possibility of a tight fit of the device for recording the excess of threshold temperatures to surfaces made of various materials, with complex geometry with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm, and made of materials, the linear dimensions of which can increase within 10%, without losing the accuracy of recording the excess of the threshold temperature, including conductive elements of electrical equipment.

The technical result is achieved through a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, which is an elastic sticker having a layered structure, including: an adhesive layer; a colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% halogen atoms, on which information is applied, including the numerical value of the recorded threshold temperature; a heat-sensitive material applied to a section of the front surface of the base, made with the ability to visually register overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, and including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment C _n H (2n+i), where n>5; an elastic protective film transparent to at least part of the visible light, covering the front surface of the base and heat-sensitive material, while the device is designed to maintain the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface , the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size.

The polymer material of the base and protective film is selected in such a way as to ensure simultaneous fulfillment of the following criteria: flexibility and elasticity necessary for a tight fit of the device to surfaces of complex geometry while maintaining the ability to register overheating with the stated accuracy; necessary adhesion both to the controlled surface itself and to the heat-sensitive material, which is mandatory for reliable fixation of the device, preventing it from coming off during thermal expansion of the controlled surface or vibration and maintaining the ability to register temperature rises; as well as fire resistance.

The most suitable materials for this purpose are halogen-containing polymers, mainly polyvinyl chloride. Polymer materials containing halogen atoms in their structure have some of the highest flexibility and elasticity among known polymers. The introduction of halogen atoms into monomers used as feedstock for polymerization breaks their symmetry and creates one or more chiral centers. Polymerization or polycondensation of such monomers, both with each other and with other halogen-containing or halogen-free monomers, leads to the formation of polymer chains with a large number of stereocenters. Regular polymers obtained from non-halogenated monomers without chiral centers tend to form crystalline structures, which reduces their elasticity, while the large number of diastereomers resulting from the halogenation of monomers impart stereochemical disorder to halogen-containing polymers, which prevents crystallization. Thus, halogen-containing polymer materials have high elasticity and flexibility due to the peculiarities of their chemical structure due to the presence of halogen atoms in the structure of polymers. In addition, halogen-containing materials have good adhesion and low flammability, which further ensures the operational safety of the claimed device and the equipment on which it is placed.

When making temperature indicators in the form of stickers, it is necessary to take into account the stretching ability of some materials, as well as the thermal expansion of the materials (their TKR - thermal expansion coefficient) to which the sticker will be glued. An increase in the temperature of the surface on which the device is glued will be accompanied by thermal expansion of the surface material, therefore, if the device does not have tensile elasticity, the sticker will peel off and deform, which will lead to a decrease in the reliability of recording the temperature rise. This is especially true in the field of energy, where the vast majority of materials used have significant thermal expansion coefficients, and dynamic connections are also used to prevent the negative effects of thermal expansion of materials. These types of connections also require temperature control, which can only be achieved using elastic stickers that can easily deform when the shape and size of the equipment on which they are placed changes.

Therefore, it is necessary that the device (in particular, made in the form of a sticker) has not only flexibility and bending elasticity, but also tensile elasticity, i.e. when the sticker was stretched in any direction in a plane parallel to the base, there was a corresponding increase in its linear dimensions while maintaining the necessary functional properties.

The use of heat-sensitive material, made with the ability to visually register overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5 °C from the indicated value sticker threshold temperature, and including solid organic matter with a structural fragment C _n H(2n+i), where n>5, is associated with the following.

The use of compounds containing one or more long aliphatic hydrocarbon chains results in solid organic matter particles formed in the form of fibers, flakes, or flat or elongated crystals. When such a heat-sensitive material is applied to a substrate, the flat particles are oriented predominantly parallel to the base layer and the protective film layer, due to which the temperature-sensitive material layer becomes capable of bending and stretching/compression without deformation or loss of functional properties (Fig. 12a).

Such crystalline packing causes anisotropy of solid organic matter, as a result of which the properties of the material in the direction parallel to the surface of the base and protective film differ from the properties of the material in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base and protective film. The anisotropy of the properties of a heat-sensitive material affects the strength of the material under bending and mechanical stress: application of impact in directions close to perpendicular to the surface of the base will not lead to damage to the material (A.I. Kitaigorodsky, Organic Crystal Chemistry, M., USSR Academy of Sciences, 1955 .). Since flat particles of solid organic matter are oriented predominantly parallel to the base layer and the protective film layer, when the device is longitudinally stretched or compressed, layers of particles will slide relative to each other with an increase or decrease in the size of the voids between them without destroying the microstructure of the thermosensitive material and maintaining the integrity of its layer (Fig. 7). For this reason, stretching a layer of heat-sensitive material when placed either on a surface with a small radius of curvature or on a surface made of a material capable of stretching and having a high TCR will not lead to deformation of the layer of heat-sensitive material or its destruction, as well as the formation of cracks On him. This will additionally ensure the safe operation of various equipment due to accurate and reliable recording of overheating of its surfaces.

In addition, when attaching a device to register exceeding a threshold temperature on a surface of complex geometry, including those with a radius of curvature from 2 mm if the elasticity of the protective film is insufficient, its bending will create excess pressure (F') on the heat-sensitive material. It is known that solids begin to melt or recrystallize into larger crystals with increasing pressure, especially at temperatures close to, but not reaching the melting point (Fig. 7). Therefore, if the elasticity of the protective film is insufficient, its pressure (F <F') on the heat-sensitive material at the bending points can lead to premature operation of the device and, as a result, false registration of overheating. False triggering can be avoided not only by the use of an elastic protective film, when bending the film, the pressure on the heat-sensitive material will be reduced (F * F'), but also by the anisotropic microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, in which the formed flat particles are oriented predominantly parallel to the base layer.

Due to the peculiarity of the structure of the thermosensitive layer, the microstructure of which contains a large amount of the gas phase, when the threshold temperature is exceeded, the microstructure of the thermosensitive material will be destroyed and, as a consequence, separation of gas and non-gas media will occur (Fig. 12). Since the process occurs during heating, due to thermal expansion, the total volume of the gas phase after heating will be significantly higher than the total volume of the gas phase contained in the microstructure of the thermosensitive material before heating, as a result of which, when the threshold temperature is reached under the protective film hermetically covering the front surface of the device, an air bubble will form. With further cooling of the device, the volume of the gaseous medium decreases to its original values and the size of the bubble under the surface of the protective layer, as a result, decreases. The described processes explain the need to use elastic protective films in the manufacture of the device, which have the ability to stretch and compress, to maintain the integrity of this device when operating in a wide temperature range. Otherwise, if the protective film is insufficiently elastic and flexible, it may it may rupture during tension or compression, which will disrupt the accuracy of recording temperature rises.

The accuracy of the recorded temperature threshold in the declared utility model is at least 5 °C.

Thus, the combination of such features of the formula as: the use of a colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% halogen atoms; the use of a thermosensitive material based on a phase transition, including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment CnH(2n+i), where n>5; covering the front surface of the device with an elastic protective film transparent to at least part of visible light; the ability to maintain the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface, the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, as well as after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size, allows you to avoid the following factors that negatively affect the safety of equipment operation, including the reliability of recording when threshold temperatures are exceeded: premature operation associated with deformation of a temperature-sensitive material; peeling of the heat-sensitive material from the base, as well as the formation of cracks on its surface; formation of an air bubble in the area where the sticker peels off from the controlled surface; uneven heating of the surface of the heat-sensitive material;

- rupture of the protective film with loss of its functional properties; formation of microcracks on the surface of the protective film; excess pressure created by a protective film on a heat-sensitive material. In particular cases, the thickness of the elastic base is no more than 0.7 mm, and its elongation before breaking is at least 10%. Also, the thickness of the elastic protective film is no more than 0.5 mm, and its elongation before breaking is no less than 33%.

Let's consider the extreme case of attaching a sticker to a cylindrical surface with a radius R = 2 mm (for example, strands of small cross-section electrical wires with or without insulation, steel-aluminum wires of overhead power lines, hardware clamps, the surface of coils, blades of bolted contact connections, contact lamellas, jaws of contact connections fuses, etc.). The length of the sticker base before attaching to the curved surface was _0C n-, the length of the heat-sensitive material layer was L _mM ., and the length of the protective film was L _3.n. When placed on a cylindrical surface, the bending radius of the base of the device will be equal to Ri= R+hi, where hi is the thickness of the base, the bending radius of the heat-sensitive material will be equal to R2=R+hi+h2, where 112 is the thickness of the heat-sensitive material, and the maximum bending radius protective film will be equal to R3=R+hi+h2+h3, where From is the thickness of the protective film. In most cases, the thickness of the adhesive layer (ho) is so small that it can be assumed to be zero. Preferably, the thickness of the base is not more than 0.2 mm, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer is not more than 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the protective film is not more than 0.15 mm. Then, for a tight fit of the device to a surface with a radius of curvature of 2 mm while maintaining adhesion, the outer surface of the base must bend along a radius of (2+0.2) mm, which is 10% greater than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the length of the outer surface of the base after gluing L ' _om . should also increase by 10% relative to its original length, i.e. make up L ' _O CH. ~ 1.1* L _0C n.. The outer surface of the layer of heat-sensitive material should bend along a radius of (2+0, 2+0.3) mm, which is 25% greater than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the length of the outer surface of the layer of heat-sensitive material after gluing the sticker L ' _t.m. should also increase by 25% relative to its original length, i.e. make up L ' _mM . = l.25*L _mM .. The outer surface of the protective film should bend as much as possible along the radius of (2+0.2+0.3+0.15) mm, which is 33% greater than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the maximum length of the outer surface of the protective film after gluing the sticker L ' _Z.p. should also increase by 33% relative to its original length, i.e. make up L' _3.n. = l.25*L _3.n .. (see Fig. 1a, Fig. 10 and the calculation given in the description of Fig. 10). At the same time When thicker layers of heat-sensitive base material and protective film are used, the corresponding device components must increase their length by up to 100%.

For this reason, it is important that the device for recording the excess of threshold temperatures, after being mounted on a surface whose minimum radius of curvature is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size, does not lose adhesive properties, is not damaged, or ruptures and fully retained its functionality with the ability to register overheating in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, which, in particular, is ensured by the use of a base and protective film that have flexibility and elasticity, as well as the ability to elongate before breaking from 10% and up to up to 100%.

Failure to meet these conditions will lead to a significant decrease in the accuracy of recording the threshold temperature exceeded.

The material of the adhesive layer, preferably, is selected in such a way as to ensure adhesion (FIN AT TM1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) of at least 10N/25mm, at 20 °C, which allows the adhesive component to adhere tightly to the surface on which it placed throughout its entire service life. The indicated adhesion value was established by approximating an array of experimental data.

In a preferred embodiment, the device has dielectric properties, preferably having a dielectric strength of at least 5 kV/mm.

In one preferred embodiment, the elastic backing includes polymers containing a -CH2CHCI- structural unit, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), preferably injection molded polyvinyl chloride.

The choice of such materials as a base material is based on the following. PVC and other halogen-containing films have a number of necessary properties that a material used in the electric power industry must have in order to ensure the necessary performance characteristics, as well as proper safety of operation of both the sticker and the equipment itself, namely:

- low flammability and flammability: in the event of emergency overheating of the surface on which the device is placed, the sticker itself cannot become a source of ignition, and ignition is possible only with direct action of open fire, after the cessation of exposure to which. PVC and other halogen-containing films tend to fade quickly;

- electrical strength and high dielectric properties, due to which the device does not conduct electric current, and when the sticker is peeled off from the controlled element with subsequent overlap, there is no possibility of breakdown and short circuit;

- flexibility and elasticity provide the possibility of gluing the device to the surface of units of installations and electrical equipment with complex geometry, as well as sections of electric motors, bearings and other elements that require temperature control;

- tensile strength and tensile strength increase the service life of PVC and other halogen-containing films and ensure the reliability of their use throughout their entire service life;

- non-toxic: during long-term operation under conditions close to standard, there is no release of substances harmful to humans.

The presence of halogen atoms in the structure of the elastic base is, among other things, due to fire safety requirements, namely the low flammability of the device. It is known that materials containing halogen atoms have low flammability, which further ensures the operational safety of the device and the equipment on which it is located. Ignition of the sticker under the influence of high temperatures can lead to a fire in the electrical installation, as well as an electric arc. In this case, the base may include both halogen-containing polymers and halogen-containing additives. The mass percentage of halogen atoms in both cases is at least 5 wt%. For halogen-containing polymers, this parameter is significantly higher and is, in particular, for polyvinyl chloride 57-74 wt.%, depending on the production method, and for polyvinylidene fluoride - 59%. Halogen-containing additives, which are introduced into polymer films that do not contain halogen atoms in their structure, act as flame retardants or plasticizers and are effective even when added in low concentrations.

In addition, all halogen-containing polymers are good dielectrics and are characterized by high electrical strength values. Additionally, it should be noted the elasticity of halogen-containing polymers, especially PVC. The properties of the final PVC film depend on the method of its production, as well as on the presence of modifying additives - plasticizers. Plasticized PVC has high elasticity and is processed into films and other finished products in several ways. PVC films can be produced by rolling, which results in the formation of a material with elongated polymer fibers oriented predominantly along the direction of rolling. This gives the films increased elasticity, flexibility and elongation at break up to 300%, but only in the rolling direction. Extruded PVC films also have high elasticity, flexibility and strength only in the direction of extrusion. Injection molded PVC films (cast or cast films) also offer the advantages of the other two types of plasticized PVC, however, their properties are the same in all directions, making this material the most preferred material for use as the basis for a temperature rise device. In addition, injection molding produces denser, stronger films with a smoother surface. Thus, the use of, in particular, cast PVC as a base meets all the requirements stated above.

Based on the above, the transparent elastic protective film can also be made of polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

It is preferable to use thinner layers of structure, since this, in particular, has a positive effect on the flexibility and elasticity of the device, and, as a result, provides additional reliability and safety of operation of both the sticker and the equipment itself; however, the strength characteristics of the device, which also must comply with the requirements for labels and temperature indicators in general.

Thus, in particular cases, the thickness of the elastic base can preferably be no more than 0.2 mm, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material can be no more than 0.8 mm, and the transparent elastic protective film can have a thickness of no more than 0.15 mm.

In particular cases, the heat-sensitive material in the initial state has a microstructure that includes a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, and is designed to irreversibly change its appearance upon reaching the specified threshold temperature due to the destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, accompanied by the fusion of solid particles organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the appearance of the color of the base (see Fig. 12).

The use of a heat-sensitive material with voids allows you to increase the service life, increase the reliability of determining overheating due to the impossibility of aggregation of solid particles through the gas phase and eliminate the possibility of the material returning to its original state after operation due to an irreversible change in the microstructure, which also has a positive effect on the safety of operation as a sticker, as well as the equipment itself. When a thermosensitive material containing voids is melted, an irreversible change in the initial microstructure of the material occurs with a decrease in the proportion of voids in it, associated with the fusion of particles of solid organic matter and with a decrease in the area of the solid-gas interface due to the irreversible release of gas contained in the voids to the surface and separation of gas and non-gas media. As a result, upon further cooling, the solid organic substance crystallizes without voids, thereby irreversibly changing the transparency (increases relative to the initial state) of the material for at least part of the visible light, creating a visual effect of changing the appearance of the device with high contrast, which ensures high reliability of exceedance registration temperature is higher than the set value. Preferably, the proportion of voids of the thermosensitive material after heating above the corresponding threshold temperature value decreases by at least 2 times relative to the initial state, which further increases the contrast of the color transition of the device when the threshold temperature value is exceeded.

In addition, the presence of voids filled with a gas phase increases the ability of a thermosensitive material to change its linear dimensions and bend, without losing the accuracy of recording exceeding threshold temperatures.

The organic matter of the solid phase of the thermosensitive material can be selected from the group: aliphatic fatty acids containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>12; salts of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>5; alkanes containing at least 20 carbon atoms; dialkylphosphinic acids containing structural fragments _CnH (2n+i) with n>5; amides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments _CnH (2n+i) with n>5; aliphatic fatty acid anhydrides containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>10; fatty aliphatic alcohols containing structural fragments _CnH (2n+i) with n>14; fatty aliphatic amines containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>17; nitriles of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>19.

The use of organic compounds, which include one or more aliphatic hydrocarbon chains _CnH (2n+i) with n>5, as an organic substance of the solid phase of a thermosensitive material, promotes the formation of a crystalline packing in which elongated structural fragments of linear hydrocarbons are oriented parallel to each other to a friend (A.I. Kitaygorodsky, Molecular crystals, M.: Nauka, 1971). Due to the fact that particles of solid organic matter are formed in the form of fibers, scales or flat or elongated crystals, that is, they have a two-dimensional structure, the thermosensitive material forms a special microstructure capable of bending and stretching without deformation and loss of functional properties.

Also, the use of solid organic compounds, which include non-polar aliphatic fragments, further increases the electrical strength of the device as a whole, since such fatty aliphatic derivatives have good dielectric properties.

In particular cases, the organic substance of the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, salts of saturated fatty carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum , yttrium, ytterbium, scandium.

The organic solids content of the temperature-sensitive material is at least 50 wt%, preferably 50-90 wt%, most preferably 70 wt%. It has been experimentally established that an increase in the mass content of organic matter in the solid phase above 50 wt.%, as well as the use of individual solid organic matter as a heat-sensitive material, leads to easy delamination of individual particles of the heat-sensitive layer with overall preservation of appearance due to the low adhesion of solid parts in relation to each other to each other, prevents cracking of the material after mounting the device on a surface with a small radius of curvature, violation of the integrity of the layer during longitudinal and/or transverse stretching of the device. It has also been shown that increasing the content of a transparent binder above 50 wt.% leads to the need to use a thicker layer of heat-sensitive material, since the low concentration of particles of solid organic matter (below 50 wt.%) does not ensure the opacity of a layer of heat-sensitive material with a thickness of no more than 0.8 mm.

In particular cases, the microstructure of a thermosensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder that is transparent to at least part of visible light, the phase transition temperature of which is higher than the phase transition temperature of solid organic matter. In this case, the heat-sensitive material contains phase boundaries “solid-solid-gas”; during melting, an irreversible change in the microstructure of the material also occurs, as a result of which the number of voids decreases relative to the initial state due to the release of the gas contained in them to the surface of the material and delamination of the gas and non-gas media, as a result of which there is a decrease in the contact area of the solid phase and voids, i.e. reducing the area of phase boundaries.

Preferably, the polymeric binder is present in the temperature-sensitive material in an amount of 1-30 wt.%. In particular cases, a polymer binder coats each individual structural particle of solid organic matter, providing it with “glazing.” The binder is selected to ensure wettability, but not dissolution, of the solid organic matter particles in the polymer binder. Due to this, when “glazing” grains, crystals, fibers, flakes or conglomerates of these particles, additional capture of gas occurs, in the environment of which a thermosensitive material is formed, and its distribution between the “glazed” binder particles of solid organic matter.

In preferred embodiments, the heat-sensitive material is configured to change transparency when heated to above a threshold temperature in no more than 5 seconds. This is due to the fact that the declared thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material and its structure, together with the declared thickness of the base of the device, allows the heat-sensitive material to be heated when short-term overheating occurs during peak load periods and completely transforms it into a melt with a color transition “opaque-transparent” for no more than 5 seconds, and also provides the necessary heat transfer during air cooling of operating devices.

The threshold temperature can be selected from the range of 50-210°C, preferably 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C. Based on the threshold temperature value selected for registration, the applied heat-sensitive material is selected in such a way that the solid organic substance included in its composition has a melting point that differs from the threshold temperature by no more than 5°C.

In particular versions of the device, the coloring of the elastic base or the inscription is made with the ability to mark elements of electrical equipment or color marking of phases. In particular, an inscription containing color, letter, numeric or alphanumeric marking information can be applied to the front surface of its base. In one of the cases, inscriptions on an elastic base contain information about the expiration date of the device. Also, the elastic base can have a color that corresponds to the established rules for marking elements of power equipment. The features listed above serve to give the device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature the properties of electrical equipment marking elements, which also additionally ensures the safety of operation of the equipment on which such devices are placed, due to the following. In the case of contact connections, wires or electrical components, we are talking about small surfaces that, on the one hand, require marking, and on the other hand, temperature control. However, the use of marking devices and devices for recording temperature rises separately is often not possible due to the insufficient area of the controlled surface. Using only a temperature indication device without markings can lead to incorrect identification of the defective unit, as well as to an increase in detection time. Thus, a device that combines the properties of a marking device, as well as the properties of temperature indicators, will also have a positive effect on the safety of operation of various equipment.

In particular cases, the area of the heat-sensitive material can occupy from 3 to 97% of the area of the front surface of the sticker, preferably at least 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. Preferably, the surface area of the base coated with the heat-sensitive material is at least 100mm ² . Preferably, the device is configured to record overheating of individual surface areas by changing the transparency of only that part of the heat-sensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature, and maintaining the original transparency of that part of the heat-sensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature.

In some embodiments, at least 70% of the base area covered with a heat-sensitive material is painted black, and when the corresponding threshold temperature is reached with the stated accuracy, a visual color transition of part of the surface of the device occurs from white to black, that is, the heat-sensitive material in an opaque state is white.

To increase the visibility of both the device itself and the fact of its operation, on equipment elements, including those difficult to inspect due to the large size of the installations, the location of the installations in the open air or due to inspection in bad weather conditions and in conditions of insufficient visibility, in the dark time of day using a flashlight, as well as for inspecting equipment without artificial lighting and windows, and, as a result, further increasing the safety of equipment operation, the base may have reflective properties or can be painted using a substance with luminescent properties.

In particular cases, the base can be colored using a substance designed to irreversibly change color when heated.

The use of substances when painting the base that are capable of irreversibly changing color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the base heat-sensitive material, for example, by 10-30°C, makes it possible to inform personnel about the risk of an emergency defect occurring in the future, and thereby provides the opportunity its prevention, with proper response from the personnel responsible for this equipment. Thus, the activation of such a substance, in the absence of activation of the main heat-sensitive material, indicates the presence of overheating of the equipment, which has not reached the maximum permissible values corresponding to the threshold temperature of the main heat-sensitive material, and the need to inspect it in order to identify and eliminate problems that could subsequently lead to development of an already emergency defect. Thus, the presence of a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated to a temperature below threshold temperature of the main thermosensitive material, in particular by 10-30°C, further increases the operational safety of both the claimed device and the equipment as a whole.

Also, the base can be colored using a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated. For example, a layer of heat-sensitive paint having the above properties can be applied to the front surface.

The presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated makes it possible to inform personnel not only about exceeding a threshold temperature in the past, but also about overheating at the time of inspection. The activation of such a substance at the time of inspection indicates that the equipment is in emergency mode at the current moment and can be a source of increased danger. Thus, the presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated further increases the safety of operation of both the claimed device and the equipment as a whole.

Brief description of drawings

The utility model will be more understandable from the description, which is not restrictive and is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

Fig. 1 - An example of placing a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature on an element of complex geometry (cylindrical surface) - 1a - sectional view, 16 - side view, 1b - cross-sectional view, an example of placing a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity on an element complex geometry (cylindrical surface).

Fig. 2 - Example of longitudinal placement “in the tuck”, sectional view, 2a - the claimed device, 26 - a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity.

Fig. 3 - Example of transverse placement of the claimed device on an element of complex geometry (concave surface).

Fig. 4 - Layered structure of the claimed device for recording exceeding threshold temperatures - 4a, with black paint applied to the front surface of the elastic reflective base in the area of the heat-sensitive material - 46. Fig. 5 - An example of placing a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, which does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity, on a surface that changes its linear dimensions, 5a - before stretching, 56 - after stretching.

Fig. 6 - Device for recording exceeding the threshold temperature with additional coloring in the area of the heat-sensitive material: 6a - initial appearance of the sticker, 66 - triggered sticker after exceeding the threshold temperature.

Fig. 7 - Structure of a heat-sensitive material containing a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, 7a - before stretching, 76 - after stretching, when applied to a cylindrical surface.

Fig. 8 - Device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature with an indication of the expiration date.

Fig. 9 - Device for registering exceeding a threshold temperature, in which the front surface of the base is painted using a substance designed to reversibly change color when heated above a threshold temperature value, 9a - initial view of the device, top view, 96 - fully activated sticker at the moment the threshold is exceeded temperature, as well as exceeding the threshold temperature of a substance that reversibly changes color when heated, top view, 9c - fully activated sticker after cooling, top view, 9d - layered structure.

Fig. 10 - Layered structure of a part of the device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, 10a - initial view, 106 - after gluing to a curved surface.

Fig. 11 - Top view of the device for registering exceeding the threshold temperature: 11a - initial view of the sticker, 116 - partially activated sticker after heating above the threshold temperature only in the heated area, while maintaining the original state of the rest of the area.

Fig. 12 - Microstructure of a thermosensitive material with particles of solid organic matter in the form of flakes and their conglomerates before operation (12a) and after operation (126).

Fig. 13 - An example of placing a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature on a wavy surface, 13a - layered structure, 136 - top view in the initial state, 13b - top view after the device is triggered. Fig. 14 - Device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, in which the front surface of the base is painted using a substance designed to irreversibly change color when heated above a threshold temperature, 14a - initial view of the device, top view, 146 - partially activated sticker after exceeding the threshold temperature a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated, top view, 14c - fully activated sticker after exceeding the threshold temperature of the heat-sensitive material, top view, 14d - sticker after cooling, top view, 14d - layered structure.

In fig. Figure 1 shows an example of placing a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature on an element of complex geometry 10 with a radius of curvature R, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness ho, an elastic base 1 with a thickness hi, and applied to its front side heat-sensitive material 2, with thickness bg, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with thickness bz. In fig. 1a shows a private version of the device with an elastic base in black, cross-sectional view, Fig. 16 shows a particular version of the device with a yellow elastic base, general view; FIG. 1c shows a particular version of the device with an elastic base in black, a cross-sectional view, while the device does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and, as a result, peels off from the surface 10 with the formation of a gap 11. If the surface has a radius of curvature R, then the elastic base 1 has a bending radius Ri= R+ho, the heat-sensitive material 2 has a bending radius R2=R+ho+hi, and the transparent elastic protective layer 6 has an average bending radius R3=R+ho+hi+h2.

In fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the “pinch-to-tuck” fastening of a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature on a cylindrical surface 10, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side; the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 In Fig. 2a shows the claimed device, which has a bending radius R = 2 mm or more at the “tuck” fastening point, as close as possible to the cylindrical surface and experiencing the maximum load to hold the sticker in a fixed state. In fig. 26 shows a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and has a “pinch” at the attachment point, as close as possible to the cylindrical surface, the bending radius R', which is many times greater than the corresponding bending radius R of the claimed device (R' » R). This does not ensure tight and reliable fastening of the device in Fig. 26 to the cylindrical surface 10 and, as a result, a gap 11 is formed.

In fig. Figure 3 shows an example of placing a device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature with three heat-sensitive materials on an element of complex geometry (concave surface) 10 with a radius of curvature R, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of ho, an elastic base 1 with a thickness hi and a heat-sensitive material 2, with a thickness bg, applied to its front side; the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness dz. In this case, the elastic base has a bending radius Ri= R-ho, and the transparent elastic protective layer has an average bending radius R2=R-ho-hi-h2.

In fig. 4a shows the layered structure of a device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of ho, an elastic base 1 with a thickness of hi, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side, with a thickness of 112, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of b3. Figure 4a shows a private version with a black elastic base.

In fig. 46 shows the layered structure of a device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of ho, an elastic base 1 with a thickness of hi, and having reflective properties, while the front surface the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material is covered with paint 7, in particular, black, and the heat-sensitive material 2, with a thickness of 112, applied to its front side, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of 3.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a device that is a base 1 with a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front surface and covered with a protective film 6, while the device does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and is placed on a surface 10 that changes its linear dimensions. In fig. 5a the presented device is tightly attached to a surface 10 of length L until it is stretched, in FIG. 56 the presented device begins to peel off from surface 10 with the formation of a gap 11 as a result of stretching the surface to a length L'> L.

In fig. Figure 6 shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a) and after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material ( b). In fig. 6 shows a private version of the device with an inscription indicating the recorded threshold temperature 8, located on an elastic base in the area of the heat-sensitive material, the elastic base 1 is yellow and painted black 7 in the area of the heat-sensitive material.

In fig. Figure 7 shows the layered structure of a part of the device for recording exceeding threshold temperatures, placed on a flat surface 10 (a) and on an element of complex geometry 10 (b), which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, heat-sensitive materials applied to its front side 2, having a microstructure including a continuous solid phase of organic matter 12 and voids 13 filled with a gas phase.

In fig. Figure 8 shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side, while on the front side of the elastic base of the base, free from the heat-sensitive material, an inscription is applied , containing an indication of the recorded temperature 8 and the expiration date 9. In FIG. 8 shows a private version with an elastic base painted black.

In fig. 9a-c shows the front side of a device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, additionally containing a substance 14 that reversibly changes color when heated, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature of the heat-sensitive material 2 and the substance 14, which reversibly changes color when heated (b) and after further cooling to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the heat-sensitive material 2 and the substance 14, which reversibly changes color when heated (c ). In fig. 9g presented layered structure of a device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic base 1, painted using a substance 14 that reversibly changes color when heated, and, in a particular case, the elastic base is painted black and a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied to its front side; the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. In FIG. 9 shows a private version of the device with an inscription indicating the recorded threshold temperature 8, located on an elastic base in an area free of heat-sensitive material 2.

In fig. 10 layered structure of a part of the device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature before (a) and after (b) placement on an element of complex geometry 10 with a radius of curvature R, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness of ho, an elastic base 1, with a thickness hi, and a heat-sensitive material 2, with a thickness bg, applied to its front side, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of 11z. The length of the sticker base before attaching to a curved surface was L _0CH ., the length of the heat-sensitive material layer was

and the length of the protective film is L _3.n. If the surface 10 has a radius of curvature R, then the elastic base 1 has a bend radius Ri= R+ho, the heat-sensitive material 2 has a bend radius R2=R+ho+hi, and the transparent elastic protective layer 6 has an average bend radius R3=R+ho +hi+h2. Then, with a tight fit of the device to a surface with a radius of curvature R, the length of the outer surface of the base after gluing is L ' _O m. = L _0CH . *Ri/R, length of the outer surface of the heat-sensitive material layer after gluing the sticker L ' _t.m. = btm *^1GK, the maximum length of the outer surface of the protective film after gluing the sticker L ' _Z.p. = Z ₃ “.*R3/R.

In fig. Figure 11 shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, which is a sticker including an elastic base 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side, before heating (a) and after partial heating (b) of the zone of the heat-sensitive material, as a result of which a change occurs transparency of this material only in the heated area 15, while maintaining the original state of the rest of the area 16 of this zone.

In fig. 12 shows the microstructure of a thermosensitive material 2 with particles of solid organic matter 12, made in the form of flakes and their conglomerates, and voids 13 before heating (12a) and the microstructure of a thermosensitive material 2 with a reduced proportion of voids and with an increased apparent density and with particles that have undergone fusion and lost their original shape after heating above a threshold temperature (126).

In fig. 13a shows the layered structure of a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature when it is placed on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R, while the device is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, black paint 7 applied to its front side, applied on the paint, heat-sensitive material 2 and a transparent elastic protective film 6 covering the front side of the sticker. In fig. 136 is a top view of a device for detecting exceeding a threshold temperature in an initial state in which the temperature-sensitive material 2 is white; FIG. 13c shows a top view of the device after exceeding the threshold temperature, accompanied by an irreversible change in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material 2 relative to the initial state and the appearance of the color of the base underneath.

In fig. 14a-d shows the front side of a device for recording the excess of a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, additionally containing a substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated, and a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature of the substance 17, which irreversibly changes color when heated (Ti) (6), after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material 2 (Tg) (c) and after further cooling to a temperature below the threshold temperature substance 17, which irreversibly changes color when heated (d). In fig. 14d shows the layered structure of a device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic base 1, painted using a substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated, and in particular In this case, the elastic base is painted red, a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied to its front side, and the front surface of the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material is covered with paint 7, in a particular case, black, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6.

Implementation of a utility model General technology for manufacturing the device.

As an adhesive layer, in particular, acrylic adhesives, styrene adhesives, and polyurethane adhesives can be used. These adhesives provide adhesion of more than 10N/25mm to stainless steel at 20°C, measured by the FINAT TM1 method after 24 hours. Next, options for the manufacture and use of the claimed device will be considered using the example of acrylic adhesive.

As an elastic base for the claimed device, halogen-containing polymer bases can be used, containing, in particular, copolymers of vinyl chloride, namely: copolymer C-15 (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate), copolymer VHVD-40 (copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride), polyvinyl chloride (PVC ) films and films made of cast PVC, polyvinylidene fluoride films PVDF, films made of fluoroplastic M-40, as well as polyester films with additives of 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane or polyester films modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, preferably with a thickness of no more than 0.7 mm .

These films provide a minimum bending radius of 2 mm or more, elongation at break from 10% to 100%, have dielectric properties and fire resistance, the possibility of longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size, and can also be installed on a surface, the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm.

The base thickness of no more than 0.7 mm ensures the response speed of each of the heat-sensitive materials is less than 5 seconds when heated above the threshold temperature corresponding to each composition, which also increases the safety of operation of the controlled equipment, since it allows the corresponding heat-sensitive material to be heated in the event of short-term overheating during peak load periods and completely transform it into a melt with an “opaque-transparent” color transition and the appearance of the color of the base underneath it within no more than 5 seconds, and also provides the necessary heat transfer during air cooling of operating devices.

In some embodiments, the substrate may have reflective properties or may be colored using a substance that has luminescent properties to increase the visibility of both the device itself and the fact of its operation, which further increases the safety of operation of the equipment. In particular cases, the base can be colored using a substance designed to irreversibly change color when heated. The presence of an additional substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the main heat-sensitive material, in particular by 10-30°C, makes it possible to detect overheating of equipment that has not reached the maximum permissible values, and, as a result, to ensure the prevention occurrence of an emergency defect.

Also, the base can be colored using a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated. For example, a layer of heat-sensitive paint having the above properties can be applied to the front surface. The presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated makes it possible to inform personnel not only about exceeding a threshold temperature in the past, but also about overheating at the time of inspection.

Halogen-containing polymers, in particular PVC films, or polyurethane films modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, can also be used as a protective film. However, it must be taken into account that if they are used for protective films, they must be transparent to at least part of visible light.

Preparation of heat-sensitive material.

An organic substance whose structure includes fragments C _n H(2n+i), where n>5, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, saturated salts fatty carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium, etc., or their mixture with a melting point that differs from the threshold temperatures corresponding to those indicated on the sticker by no more than 5 ° C, was crushed to a size of 2-3 microns per ball mill, successively added a diluent or a solution of the binder in the diluent and stirred until smooth. As a diluent, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, etc., or mixtures thereof can be used. The suspension was used for application immediately after receipt. In preferred embodiments, the organic solids content of the temperature-sensitive material is 70% by weight.

In particular cases, the heat-sensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder that is transparent to at least part of visible light, the phase transition temperature of which is higher than the phase transition temperature of the solid organic substance. Preferably, the polymeric binder is present in the temperature-sensitive material in an amount of 1-30 wt.%.

In particular cases, the transparent polymer binder is selected from phenol-formaldehyde resin, butyl methacrylic resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl butyral, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, phenoxy resin, polystyrene-acrylic emulsion, polyolefin, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyethyl ene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene , polyethersulfone, polyisoprene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylate, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyamide resin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyester, polyester hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, nitrocellulose, carboxymethylcellulose , gelatin, agar-agar, casein, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof.

The organic substance is selected in such a way that when a threshold temperature is reached in the range of no more than 5 °C, it melts with a visual opaque-transparent transition.

In various embodiments, the organic substance included in the thermosensitive material is selected in such a way that the threshold temperature can be selected from the range from 50°C to 210°C, in particular cases, the temperature threshold is selected from the group: 50°C, 55° С, 60°С, 70°С, 80°С, 90°С, 100°С, 110°С, 120°С, 130°С, 140°С, 150°С.

An inscription with information about the threshold temperature was placed on the front side of the device. In special cases, in addition to the threshold temperature, information about the expiration date was also included. In one embodiment, markings were applied containing color, letter, numeric or alphanumeric marking information. The heat-sensitive composition was applied using silk-screen printing in several layers until a uniform opaque coatings up to 0.8 mm thick. After each application, the layer was dried in air, either in a thermostatic chamber at a temperature not higher than the threshold temperature, or in a vacuum until the low-boiling components were completely removed and the required microstructure was formed.

With this production method, the resulting thermosensitive material is represented by two continuous phases: solid and gas. In this case, the resulting thermosensitive material in the initial state is opaque to at least part of visible light, and when heated above the corresponding threshold temperature, an irreversible change in the microstructure of the thermosensitive material occurs, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the appearance of color base, and upon subsequent cooling, the transparency of the heat-sensitive material does not return to its original values.

In preferred embodiments, the heat-sensitive material is configured to detect local overheating of the surface by changing the color of only that part of the heat-sensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature and maintaining the original color of the heat-sensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature.

Depending on the nature of the organic solid, the form of the resulting organic solid particles may be grains, crystals, fibers, flakes, or conglomerates of these particles.

After applying the heat-sensitive material, the device is covered with an elastic protective film, transparent to at least part of visible light, which protects the device from external environmental influences, humidity, UV irradiation and mechanical damage, increases the service life of the device and prevents the heat-sensitive material from draining during a phase transition . Thus, the device is configured to register the excess of a threshold temperature of conductive elements in the open air.

In a particular case, the elastic base 1 can be colored for additional marking of cable phases, mounting wires, harnesses and other elements of electrical equipment, and the color of the base is selected in accordance with GOST 28763-90, which establishes, in particular, color marking in the field of electrical engineering. The color of the elastic base 1 does not affect the visual registration of exceeding threshold temperatures of the equipment surface, but provides device marking necessary to improve the overall safety of equipment operation.

Also, in a particular case, a dye, including black, can be applied to the flexible base, in the area of the heat-sensitive material, before applying the heat-sensitive material. In one embodiment, at least 70% of the area of the base coated with the heat-sensitive material is painted black.

The area of the heat-sensitive material can occupy from 3 to 97% of the area of the front surface of the base, preferably at least 30% of the area of the front surface of the base; in a particular case, the surface area of the base covered with the heat-sensitive material is at least 100 mm ² , which makes it possible to detect triggered devices from a long distance, and also allows you to identify spot heating of a large surface of installations.

The device works as follows.

A recording device, which is a sticker with layered structure 5 and including an adhesive layer 4, an elastic base 1, a heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side, which is opaque in the initial state and until the moment of heating to the corresponding threshold temperature with a given accuracy, as well as a transparent protective film 6. Until the moment of heating on the surface of the equipment located under the heat-sensitive material, up to a threshold temperature with a given accuracy, the heat-sensitive material 2 remains opaque, thereby preserving the original appearance of the device. When the threshold temperature is reached with the stated accuracy, the heat-sensitive material 2 undergoes a phase transition and changes its transparency, revealing the color of the elastic base 1 under the heat-sensitive material. Upon subsequent cooling of the surface of the equipment, the area with the triggered heat-sensitive material remains transparent and the appearance of the device does not return to its original state. The temperature threshold in the claimed utility model is recorded in the range of 5°C.

The numerical value of the threshold temperature 8 is applied to the front side of the elastic base; in particular cases, the value of the threshold temperature can be applied in an area free from the heat-sensitive material 2, but next to it, or on the base under the heat-sensitive material 2, in the latter case, after melting of the heat-sensitive material, the color of the base and the numerical value of the threshold temperature appear.

Thus, if the surface temperature exceeds the threshold temperature, the person responsible for the equipment, without the use of additional devices, can register the fact of overheating of the surface of electrical equipment elements with a given accuracy by using a numerical temperature value applied to the front surface of the device.

In some embodiments of the utility model, a “white-black” color transition is applied due to the use of an elastic base 1, painted black 7 in an area covered with a heat-sensitive material 2, which is initially white. When the threshold temperature is reached with the stated accuracy, the temperature-sensitive material 2 undergoes a phase transition and becomes transparent, making the black color of the colored zone 7 visible, which leads to a color transition with the highest possible contrast and provides greater visibility of the activated device.

Below are preferred embodiments of the claimed device, which are illustrative and do not in any way limit the scope of the requested legal protection.

Examples

Example 1. General technology for manufacturing the device

Preparation of thermosensitive material: 100 g of an organic substance with a phase transition temperature corresponding to the threshold registration temperature in the range of 5 ° C, crushed to a size of 2-3 microns, 300 g of a 3-33% binder solution in water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile or mixtures thereof and stirred until smooth. The suspension was immediately used to apply the composition.

For examples, as one of the possible design options for the device, halogen-containing polymer films of various colors were selected, which have fire resistance and an electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm, as well as flexibility and strength, allowing them to be placed on uneven surfaces of complex geometry. The adhesive layer of the selected films provides an average value adhesion (FINAT TM 1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) 10N/25mm at 20°C. Acrylic glue was used for the examples.

A pattern containing the value of the threshold response temperature in degrees Celsius was applied to the base with the adhesive layer using solvent dyes. The thermal composition was applied using silk-screen printing in 5-7 layers. Between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for at least one hour, or in a thermostat at a temperature not higher than the operating temperature of the composition for at least three hours, or for 24 hours at room temperature . In its initial state, the heat-sensitive material is white. The device was covered with a transparent adhesive elastic protective film.

Example 2.

Tetracosane with a phase transition temperature of 50°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, polycaprolactone was used as a binder, and methanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in an area free of heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 7; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.6 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 50°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off. Example 3.

Ytterbium caprylate with a phase transition temperature of 60°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and a mixture of methanol with ethylene glycol methyl ether (50/50 vol.%) was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a red fluoroplastic film M-40 with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.7 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, and in the area free of heat-sensitive material is marked with information about the service life. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 7; between applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 40°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.8 mm, and its area was 97% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 60°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 4.

Eicosanoic acid with a phase transition temperature of 70°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, melamine-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder, and a mixture of methanol and isobutanol (90/10 vol.%) was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a red vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.2 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the area of the heat-sensitive material up to Its application was applied to the numerical value of the threshold temperature, as well as black paint. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.2 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of polyurethane modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 70°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 5.

Dioctylphosphinic acid with a phase transition temperature of 80°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a film made of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, green in color with reflective properties and an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.35 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application numerical value of the threshold temperature, as well as black paint. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 3% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then controlledly heated at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 80°C with a given accuracy and recorded the fact of operation of the device by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 6.

Yttrium behenate with a phase transition temperature of 90°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, polybutyl methacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a polyvinylidene fluoride film, painted with orange paint with luminescent properties, and an adhesive layer with a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, a numerical value of the threshold was applied temperature, as well as black paint. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 70°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.2 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 90°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off. Example 7.

Lanthanum palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 100°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, gelatin was used as a binder, and isopropanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a polyester film modified with 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane, yellow in color with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.3 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and a numerical value was applied in the area of the heat-sensitive material before its application threshold temperature, as well as black paint. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6; between applications, the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.5 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 100°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 8.

Lanthanum nonadecynate with a phase transition temperature of 110°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, phenoxy resin was used as a binder, and ethylene glycol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6, between After application, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.5 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.1 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 110°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 9.

Lanthanum capronate with a phase transition temperature of 120°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyethylene was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.35 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 120°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. Time during which the phase transition and change in transparency occurred heat-sensitive material was 3 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 10.

Zinc nonadecanoate with a phase transition temperature of 130°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polycarbonate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.45 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.02 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 130°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 11.

Zinc palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 140°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, nitrocellulose was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto PVC film Oramask 831 black with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.4 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.45 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.03 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 140°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 12.

Zinc capronate with a phase transition temperature of 150°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.2 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.3 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then controlledly heated at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 150°C with a given accuracy and recorded the fact of operation of the device by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 13.

Lithium stearate with a phase transition temperature of 210°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, polybutyl acrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.1 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 210°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 14. Yttrium capronate with a phase transition temperature of 55°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyethersulfone was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.25 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.25 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 55°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 3 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 15.

N-hexadecyl-n-pentyl hydrogen phosphate with a phase transition temperature of 40°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, ethylcellulose was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.3 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 40°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was less than 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 16.

Palmitic acid anhydride with a phase transition temperature of 60°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polymethacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.35 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6; between applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 40°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.55 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.02 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 60°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of transparency was visually recorded heat sensitive material. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 17.

Erucamide with a phase transition temperature of 80°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, polycarbonate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.65 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 7; between applications, the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.75 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.03 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 80°C with a given accuracy and the fact of operation of the device was recorded using visual recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 17.

1-tetradecanol with a phase transition temperature of 40°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polybutyl acrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a self-adhesive film made of chloroprene rubber on a black siliconized base with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.1 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the area free of heat-sensitive material, the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.15 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.

Example 18.

Docosanitrile with a phase transition temperature of 55°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, polybutyl methacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 5; between applications, the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.25 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 55°C with a given accuracy and recorded the fact of operation of the device by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 19.

n-docosylamine with a phase transition temperature of 65°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk-screen printing onto a black OraJet 3106SG PVC film with an adhesive layer, having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.55 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in an area free of heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 7; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.75 mm. The size of the front surface of the sticker is 12*12 mm (area - 144 ^mm2 ), the size of the layer of heat-sensitive material is 10*10 mm (area - 100 ^mm2 ). The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.

The device was installed at room temperature on a flat surface of the heating element. Part of the heating element was heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 65°C with a given accuracy, while the rest of the heating element was not heated. The fact of activation of the part of the device that was subjected to heating was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the corresponding area of the heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the corresponding area of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. Then the heating element was completely heated at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 65°C with a specified accuracy. The fact of complete operation of the device was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the entire layer of heat-sensitive material with the appearance of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. During heating and cooling cycles, it was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 20.

The area of black OraJet 3951 PVC film with an adhesive layer, on which the heat-sensitive material will be applied, was sealed with protective polyethylene film, the free area was covered with pigmented yellow Tempilaq thermal paint with a reversible color change temperature of 113°C. After the paint had dried, the protective polyethylene film was removed and a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied to the surface of the base containing thermal paint using solvent dyes. The thickness of the base containing thermal paint was 0.45 mm. Then a protective polyethylene film was glued to the area where the heat-sensitive material should not fall, and the thermal composition was applied using silk-screen printing in 7 layers. After the layer had completely dried, the protective film was removed. Lanthanum nonadecynate with a phase transition temperature of 110°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, butyl methacrylic resin was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6; between applications, the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.6 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC, 0.05 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 115°C with a given accuracy and the fact of activation of the heat-sensitive material zone was recorded devices with the manifestation of the color of the base, as well as the fact that thermal paint is triggered with a color change. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the zone of the heat-sensitive material and the return of the color of the thermal paint to the original color were visually recorded. During heating and after cooling there was It was revealed that the device remained tightly fixed to the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 21.

The area of red Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer, on which the heat-sensitive material will be applied, was sealed with protective polyethylene film, the free area was covered with pigmented yellow Hallcrest SC thermal paint with an irreversible color change temperature of 80°C. After the paint had dried, the protective polyethylene film was removed and a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied to the surface of the base containing thermal paint using solvent dyes. The thickness of the base containing thermal paint was 0.55 mm. Then protective polyethylene film was glued to the area where the heat-sensitive material should not come into contact, the area was covered with solvent black dye and the thermal compound was applied using silk-screen printing in 6 layers. After the layer had completely dried, the protective film was removed. Zinc capronate with a phase transition temperature of 150°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to Example 1, phenol-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The number of layers of heat-sensitive material was 6; between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.45 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of a separate bending element R = 2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a speed of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 80°C with a given accuracy, and the fact that the thermal paint was activated with a change was recorded. colors. Then heating was continued to a temperature of 150°C and the fact of activation of the zone of the heat-sensitive material of the device with the appearance of the color of the base was recorded. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the transparency of the thermosensitive material changed was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the zone of the heat-sensitive material, as well as the preservation of the changed color of the thermal paint, was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, preservation was revealed tight fixation of the device on the wavy surface of the heating element and no peeling off.

Example 22.

To determine the elongation at break, devices made according to examples 2-21 were glued onto rubber plates 1 cm thick, the linear dimensions of which were 1-3 cm greater than the linear dimensions of the corresponding devices on each side. Each sample was subjected to the following tests. One end of the rubber plate was tightly secured together with the device glued to it, and force was applied to the opposite ends of the plate and device, the plate with the device was stretched by 10% of the corresponding original size and secured in this position. In a similar way, one of the remaining free ends of the plate and the device glued to it was tightly secured, the plate with the device was stretched by the opposite ends in the direction perpendicular to the initial stretch, and secured in this position. At the same time, it was established that each device, manufactured according to examples 2-21, was maintained tightly to the surface of the corresponding plate.

The stretched plate with the device was placed in a thermostat and heated in a controlled manner to the appropriate threshold temperature at a rate of 0.1°C/sec. The complete operation of each tested device was recorded when the threshold temperature was reached with a specified accuracy. After cooling to room temperature, the temperature-sensitive material remained transparent on each test device. After the stretch was released, the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material of each test device, as well as the integrity of the device itself and the temperature-sensitive material layer, were preserved.

The results of the tests prove the achievement of a technical result, namely, increasing the safety of operation of various equipment, including electrical equipment, due to the possibility of a tight fit of the device to surfaces of complex geometry, as well as to surfaces whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, while maintaining the ability accurate recording of exceeding threshold temperatures.

The utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment thereof. For specialists, other embodiments of the utility model may be obvious, without changing its essence, as it is disclosed in this description. Accordingly, the utility model should be considered not limited in scope by the given description and examples.

Claims

Formula

1. A device for recording exceeding a threshold temperature, which is an elastic sticker having a layered structure, including: an adhesive layer; a colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% halogen atoms, on which information is applied, including the numerical value of the recorded threshold temperature; a heat-sensitive material applied to a section of the front surface of the base, made with the ability to visually register overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5 ° C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, and including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment C _n H (2n+i), where n>5; an elastic protective film transparent to at least part of the visible light, covering the front surface of the base and the heat-sensitive material, while the device is designed to maintain the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface , the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has dielectric properties, preferably has an electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm,

3. The device according to claim 1, in which the elastic base includes polymers containing a structural unit -CH2CHCI-, preferably polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the elastic base is preferably no more than 0.7 mm, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material is preferably 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the transparent elastic film is preferably 0.15 mm.

5. The device according to claim 1, in which the adhesion of the sticker to stainless steel, measured using the FINAT TM1 method, at 20 °C is at least 10N/25mm.

59

6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the transparent elastic protective film is made of polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

7. The device according to claim 1, in which the elongation to break of the elastic base is at least 10%, and the elongation to break of the elastic protective film is at least 33%.

8. The device according to claim 1, in which the heat-sensitive material in the initial state has a microstructure that includes a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, and is configured to irreversibly change its appearance upon reaching the specified threshold temperature due to the destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the appearance of the color of the base.

9. The device according to claim 1, in which the organic substance of the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the group: aliphatic fatty acids containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>12; salts of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments _CnH (2n+i) with n>5; alkanes containing at least 20 carbon atoms; dialkylphosphinic acids containing structural fragments _CnH (2n+i) with n>5; amides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>5; aliphatic fatty acid anhydrides containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>10; fatty aliphatic alcohols containing structural fragments _CnH (2n+i) with n>14; fatty aliphatic amines containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>17; nitriles of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C _n H(2n+i) with n>19.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic substance of the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, saturated fatty acid salts carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium.

11. The device according to claim 1, in which the mass content of a solid organic substance containing a structural fragment C _n H(2n+i), where n>5, or a group of substances, each of which contains a structural fragment C _n H(2n+i ), where n>5, in a heat-sensitive material is at least 50 wt.%.

60

12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-sensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder that is transparent to at least part of visible light in an amount of 1-30 wt.%.

13. The device according to claim 1, in which the heat-sensitive material is configured to change transparency when heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold for no more than 5 seconds.

14. The device according to claim 1, in which the threshold temperature is selected from the range of 50-210°C, preferably 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110° C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C.

15. The device according to any one of claim 1, in which the coloring of the elastic base or the inscription is made with the ability to mark elements of electrical equipment or color marking of phases.

16. The device according to claim 1, in which the surface area of the base coated with a heat-sensitive material is at least 100 mm ² .

17. The device according to claim 1, configured to register overheating of individual surface areas by changing the color of only that part of the heat-sensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature and maintaining the original color of the heat-sensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature.

18. The device according to claim 1, in which the heat-sensitive material in the initial state is painted white, and when the transparency of the heat-sensitive material changes, a visual color transition of the corresponding part of the surface of the device occurs from white to black.

19. The device according to claim 1, in which the elastic base has reflective properties.

20. The device according to claim 1, in which the base is colored using a substance having luminescent properties.

21. The device according to claim 1, in which the base is colored using a substance designed to reversibly change color when heated.

22. The device according to claim 1, in which the base is colored using a substance designed to irreversibly change color when heated.

61