RU219296U1 - Device for registering exceeding the threshold temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for registering threshold temperature exceedances, namely, to devices that are elastic stickers for registering threshold temperature exceedances. The device is an elastic sticker having a layered structure, including: adhesive layer; colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% halogen atoms, which is applied information, including the numerical value of the recorded threshold temperature; heat-sensitive material deposited on the area of the front surface of the base, made with the possibility of visual registration of overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, and including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment C _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5; an elastic, transparent, at least for part of the visible light, protective film covering the front surface of the base and the heat-sensitive material. The device is configured to maintain the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface, the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size. The utility model improves the safety of operation of various equipment, including electrical equipment, due to the possibility of a snug fit of the device to surfaces of complex geometry, as well as to surfaces whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, while maintaining the ability to accurately register the excess of the threshold temperature. 21 w.p. f-ly, 14 ill., 22 approx.

Description

The field of technology to which the claimed utility model belongs

The utility model relates to devices for registering threshold temperature exceedances, namely, to devices that are elastic stickers for registering threshold temperature exceedances.

State of the art

An increase in temperature is one of the first and most frequent signs of the development of defects in various equipment, such as an increase in transient contact resistance in the electric power industry, malfunctions of bearings in mechanics, interturn short circuits in the winding of electric motors, failure of chargers or batteries in household appliances. Timely detection of such overheating allows you to eliminate the malfunction in advance and prevent equipment failure, emergencies and related fires or shutdowns. The technical and regulatory documents establish maximum allowable temperatures, heating above which should be considered as a defect requiring immediate termination of operation and withdrawal of equipment for repair (for example, RD 34.45-51.300-97, RD 153-34.0-20.363-99, GOST 8865-93, 8024-90, 10693-81, 2213-79, 104 34-82, 16708-84, 2585-81, 32397-2020, 26346-84, 839-2019, GOST R 51321.1-2007, etc.).

To detect defects associated with exceeding the maximum allowable temperatures, various diagnostic methods are used. The means of continuous monitoring of overheating include chemical or mechanical temperature indicators, which can be of two types: reversible (changing appearance only when heated and returning it when cooled) and irreversible (changing appearance after exceeding a predetermined temperature and retaining it after cooling).

An example of reversible devices for controlling overheating is the invention described in the document US 7600912 B2 (publication date 03/20/2007) and representing a single-layer or two-layer sticker, the heat-sensitive element of which contains leuco dyes and a developer in a binder. When a certain temperature is reached, the binder melts and the developer reacts with the dye, coloring the label. After lowering the temperature, the dye crystallizes and the color is restored.

An inorganic reversible temperature indicator based on a chromium(III) complex compound is described in document RU 2561737 C1 (publication date 09/12/2014). The proposed thermochromic material has the ability to reversibly change color when heated above a temperature of 120°C. A feature of this kind of inventions is the need to visually fix the heating at the moment of exceeding the temperature without the possibility of detecting defects outside peak loads, so these devices are not widely used.

Unlike reversible indicators, irreversible indicators allow not only to detect, but also to fix the fact of exceeding the threshold temperature. At the same time, inspection of such devices can be carried out without creating a maximum load mode and even on equipment taken out for repair.

As mentioned earlier, temperature indicators are used in a wide variety of areas, however, perhaps the strongest and most complex requirements are placed on temperature indicators used in the energy industry.

So, for the safe use of temperature indicators in the energy sector, the device must have a number of necessary characteristics:

- have low combustibility and flammability;

- have high electrical strength and dielectric properties;

- irreversibly register excess of threshold temperatures with high accuracy;

- have flexibility and strength;

- have strong adhesive properties for a snug fit to various surfaces.

At the same time, a device with such characteristics can be easily used in any other area.

Irreversible heating indicators can be classified according to the principle of operation. Known indicators based on the mechanical destruction of the temperature-sensitive element, on the chemical reaction of the components of the composition or on the phase transition of the temperature-sensitive component.

An example of a temperature indicator based on mechanical destruction is described in the source [US 6176197 B1, publication date 02.11.1998], according to which the temperature indicator is a closed hollow transparent elongated tube with two compositions of different colors, isolated from each other by a polymer partition having a melting point close to the melting points of the compositions. When a predetermined threshold temperature is reached, the partition is destroyed, the compositions melt and mix, as a result of which the color of the contents of the tube changes. The features of the invention include the impossibility of controlling overheating of the entire surface, the low response speed, since in order to complete the color transition, it is necessary not only to completely melt the indicator composition and the polymer membrane separating them, but also the time for mixing the resulting liquid phases, which, due to insufficiently fast diffusion processes near the melting point, can be difficult. In addition, the design features of the described invention do not allow you to create a flexible device that fits snugly to the entire controlled surface.

The chemical reaction of etching a metal substrate with an activator, which starts when a certain temperature is reached, is described in the patent [EP 2288879 B1, publication date 06/04/2008]. The indicator changes color from silvery white or mirror to colorless and can be used for temperature control in food, medical and electrical equipment. In this case, the metal layer and the activator layer can be applied to a thin film made in the form of a sticker, which ensures the flexibility of the product and the possibility of fastening to various surfaces. Another example of a temperature indicator based on chemical interaction is the invention described in the source [US 6957623 B2, publication date 03/09/2004]. The temperature-sensitive material in this case contains a mixture of water, latex and ice-forming active microorganisms and is transparent until a threshold temperature is reached. When heated to a predetermined value, latex and ice-forming active microorganisms interact with each other to form an opaque material. Among commercially available indicators, the principle of operation of which is based on the occurrence of a chemical reaction, one can single out the indicator of the Retomark model, supplied by YALOS Innovation Company LLC (https://www.yalosindicator.com/product/termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury).

The presented irreversible thermal indicators, the principle of which is based on chemical reactions, are characterized by low accuracy, since, in accordance with the Arrhenius equation, the degree of a chemical reaction is determined not only by temperature, but also by time. Therefore, a long exposure of the composition at a temperature slightly lower than the threshold value will also lead to the operation of the product. At the same time, the above standards regulate specific temperature thresholds with an interval of no more than 5°C, which makes the described inventions unsuitable for detecting defects. Another feature of such devices is the presence of a pronounced dependence of the response time on temperature: upon short-term heating to the threshold value, the chemical reaction may not be completed and the indicator color will either not change or will be insufficient for detection. In addition, due to the reversibility of color transition reactions, the appearance of some products returns to its original state after a long exposure at low temperature.

A significant disadvantage of indicators based on mechanical destruction or a chemical reaction is that when the layer of the temperature-sensitive element is deformed, premature operation of the indicator may occur. Thus, they are not intended for use on uneven or curved surfaces, or on surfaces that can change their linear parameters, where their deformation can occur, leading to loss of functional properties.

The most accurate are temperature indicators based on a phase transition, namely, on the melting of a temperature-sensitive component. Since, in contrast to a chemical reaction, the phase transition temperature does not depend on the exposure time, such indicators have the highest accuracy and are able to retain their original form at a temperature slightly lower than the threshold. Also, indicators based on the phase transition are less susceptible to premature operation when they are deformed, that is, they do not lose their functional properties and can be used on uneven and curved surfaces, as well as on surfaces that can change their linear parameters, when using certain classes of substances and a suitable base.

In addition, the use of a temperature-sensitive material based on a phase change allows the use of a thinner and more uniform layer of material, relative to, for example, materials whose action is based on a chemical reaction, which, among other things, has a positive effect on the flexibility of temperature indicators.

Irreversible indicators based on the principle of phase transition of a temperature-sensitive component can be made in the form of special indicator devices (such as stickers, cambric, clips, etc.), in which the hot-melt composition is applied uniformly, in a thin layer on the base at the factory, providing good adhesion to the required surface, and additionally covered with a polymer film, which protects the hot-melt composition from mechanical or chemical impact and does not allow it to drain during melting after operation.

Temperature indicators in the form of stickers have received the most widespread use, in particular because of the ease of installation, availability and ease of use.

Irreversible temperature indicators can be made in single-temperature and multi-temperature versions. Multi-temperature indicators, as a rule, are stickers, among the manufacturers of which are: TermoElectrika LLC (https://www.lesiv.pro/%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F-1-mark-pro), YALOS Innovation Company LLC (https://www.yalosindicator.com/product/termoindikatory-kontrol-temperatury), NPF L yuminophor" (https://luminophor.ru/catalog/termoindikatornye-materialy/termoindikatory-plavleniya-marki-tin/).

The advantage of irreversible multi-temperature indicators is that they allow not only to determine the fact of exceeding the set temperature, but also to determine the numerical value of the maximum surface temperature to which the controlled element was heated during operation. However, since most electrical devices and components of electrical installations have only one temperature limit, the use of multi-temperature indicators can lead to uncertainty during inspections. Thus, single-temperature indicators provide an unambiguous understanding of the occurrence of defects in various equipment, accompanied by an excess of the threshold temperature.

A partial change in the color of the temperature indicator is not enough to make a decision about the presence of a defect: it is required to additionally find out the maximum allowable temperature value for the controlled element, compare it with the found value, and only after that make a decision on the need for immediate withdrawal of the equipment for repair. In addition, due to the design features, each temperature window controls its own surface area, so each indicator element will measure the temperature of its surface area (insulation) and, with spot heating, its values will not correspond to the maximum temperature of the entire surface.

As sticker materials, it is necessary to use materials with low combustibility and flammability; high electrical strength and dielectric properties; sufficient mechanical strength, etc.

The high dielectric strength of the individual layers of the sticker and the device as a whole is necessary to ensure safe use in electrical installations, motors or various electrical mechanisms. The absence of conductivity and a high breakdown voltage value prevents the failure of electrical circuits, the occurrence of a short circuit or the ignition of an electric arc when the sticker hits open conductive elements.

It should also be taken into account that in the presence of an emergency defect, the heating of the contact can reach the self-ignition temperatures of the sticker. Ignition of the sticker, in turn, can lead to a fire in the electrical installation or an electric arc.

To use temperature indicators to register the temperature rise of the surface of electrical equipment elements or various mechanisms, it must be taken into account that often the surface of such elements has a complex geometry with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more (for example, conductors of small-section electrical wires with or without insulation, steel-aluminum wires of overhead power lines, hardware clamps, coil surfaces, blades of bolted contact connections, contact lamellas, contact jaws of fuses, etc.), they can also be surfaces of metal conductive elements operating in a wide range temperatures due to the passing electric current or external heating / cooling and, as a result, changing their linear dimensions in a significant range. Elements of other equipment, in particular, electric motors, batteries, and bearings, also have a complex surface.

Therefore, for reliable recording of the temperature rise, it is important that the device (in particular, made in the form of a sticker) has high elasticity and flexibility for reliable adhesion to such surfaces and even partially does not peel off from them during operation. Otherwise, if the sticker does not have sufficient elasticity and flexibility, then after releasing the pressure with which it was glued, the elastic force will exceed adhesion (the adhesive force of the sticker to the surface), as a result of which the sticker will tend to return to its original shape and partially or completely peel off from the surface. The same can happen when the linear dimensions of the controlled surface change, including due to the thermal expansion of the surface material when it is heated.

Manufacturers of temperature indicator stickers in their documentation often indicate the need to mount their products on flat surfaces, which is probably due to their lack of flexibility and elasticity, as well as the loss of functional properties of heat-sensitive materials during deformation.

In this case, if the base of the sticker, which has the properties of temperature indicators, does not have elasticity and flexibility and / or the temperature-sensitive composition loses its functional properties during deformation, then when using it for temperature control of surfaces with a small radius of curvature, surfaces of complex shape, as well as surfaces capable of changing their linear parameters, the reliability of registering temperature rises will be significantly reduced due to the following:

- in the case of using heat-sensitive materials based on the destruction of the membrane, their premature operation may occur, associated with a physical violation of the integrity of the device elements;

- due to insufficient elasticity of the base, delamination of the heat-sensitive material from the base can occur, as well as the formation of cracks on its surface, which will lead to insufficient heating of the heat-sensitive material at the moment the threshold temperature is exceeded (T (surface) is greater than T (heat-sensitive material)), as well as to a decrease in the visibility of the triggered device;

- in the zone of delamination of the sticker from the controlled surface, an air bubble can form, which will play the role of thermal insulation, thereby a significant temperature difference between the surface temperature and the temperature of the heat-sensitive material (T (surface) is greater than T (heat-sensitive material)), due to insufficient heating of the heat-sensitive material;

- non-uniform heating of the surface of the heat-sensitive material in the zone of delamination of the sticker or material, in which part of the layer of the heat-sensitive material changes its appearance (becomes transparent with the appearance of the color of the base), and part retains its original (opaque) state, which can lead to an unreliable conclusion about the place of registered overheating.

Many stickers known from the prior art for temperature indication use a transparent protective layer covering the front surface of the base with applied areas of heat-sensitive materials and protecting the heat-sensitive material from negative environmental factors, as well as preventing the heat-sensitive material from spreading when the temperature threshold is exceeded.

It is equally important that said protective layer of the sticker also has elasticity and flexibility. When using an inelastic and inflexible protective layer for temperature control of surfaces with a small radius of curvature, surfaces of complex shape, as well as surfaces that can change their linear parameters, the reliability of registering temperature rises will be significantly reduced due to the following:

- it is possible to break the protective film with the loss of its functional properties, which, as a result, will lead to a deterioration in the properties of heat-sensitive materials;

- when the protective film is stretched, microcracks may form, due to which the transparency of the film will be reduced, which, as a result, will lead to insufficient contrast of the color transition of the sticker when the threshold temperatures are exceeded;

- in the case of placing a sticker on devices with a small radius of curvature, the protective film will create excessive pressure on the heat-sensitive material, thereby reducing the threshold temperature of its operation.

Thus, for reliable registration of overheating of the surface of electrical equipment elements above the threshold temperature, among other things, it is necessary to tightly fit the device to the surface for which temperature control is performed, including surfaces with a small radius of curvature, surfaces of complex shape, as well as surfaces capable of increasing their linear parameters, as well as maintaining the functional properties (accuracy of operation) of the heat-sensitive material when used on such surfaces.

Based on the prior art studied in detail by us, it follows that, despite the large selection of temperature indicators that differ both in their mechanism of action and in the number of recorded threshold temperatures, there remains a need for devices for registering threshold temperature excesses that ensure their safe and efficient use on surfaces, including complex geometry with a small radius of curvature of 2 mm, as well as on surfaces whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, including electrical equipment elements.

Thus, there is a need to create a device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature of surfaces, including elements of electrical equipment, made with the possibility of a permanent tight fit to surfaces of complex geometry, including conductive elements of electrical equipment with a radius of curvature of 2 mm, as well as to surfaces, the linear dimensions of which can increase within 10%.

The prototype of the claimed device is temperature indicator stickers manufactured by the Japanese company NiGK Corporation, F%2Fwww.nichigi.co.jp%2Fen%2Fen_downloadform%2Fen_data.html, directory dedicated to temperature indicator materials). The above catalog discloses an indicator sticker having a layered structure consisting of an insulating gasket, an adhesive layer that does not change the color of the painted base, an adhesive, a thermally activated composition and a protective polymer film. The adhesive layer that covers the rear surface of the temperature indicator is heat-resistant, which allows you to attach the device to the surface with the measured temperature immediately after removing the insulating gasket. The protective polymer film that covers the temperature detecting element is heat resistant and protects it from water, chemicals, oils and environmental influences. High temperature accuracy is achieved by using the color change effect of the purified stable pigment when it reaches its melting point. At the same time, the indicator is irreversible and does not return the original color after triggering.

However, the manufacturer warns on page 2 of this catalog that these indicator stickers should only be attached to a flat surface, as attaching to curved surfaces or corners may result in inaccurate operation of the device. This indicates insufficient flexibility of both the base of the sticker and the layer of heat-sensitive material, the attachment of which to surfaces of complex shape can lead to the formation of cracks and delamination of the composition layer from the base, as well as uneven heating of the heat-sensitive material, which will also reduce the accuracy of registering overheating. For this reason, such devices cannot be widely used to detect surface overheating and control temperature on equipment elements, including electrical equipment, with complex geometry, as well as a small radius of curvature.

The utility model is aimed at creating a device for registering threshold temperature excess, made in the form of a sticker with elasticity, flexibility, strength, for reliable registration of surface temperature rise of various shapes, including electrical equipment elements.

Terms and definitions used in this utility model

By "sticker" is meant an element of arbitrary shape, the back of which is covered with adhesive, protected by an insulating film, and after removing the film, the adhesive layer provides the necessary adhesion to the surface. The term "adhesion" refers to the adhesion of surfaces of dissimilar bodies. In relation to the present utility model, in particular, adhesion (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) can be at least 10N/25 mm, which is determined experimentally.

The terms "elastic base" and "elastic protective film" characterize the material of the base or protective film, referring to materials that have the ability to change their shape without breaking under external influence.

The term "thermal sensitive material" refers to a material that becomes more transparent to at least part of the visible light relative to its original state when heated above a threshold temperature, and does not return to its original state after subsequent cooling. The temperature-sensitive material may consist, for example, of an individual organic compound or organic acid salt undergoing a phase transition when a threshold temperature is reached, or of a mixture of substances. In addition, the temperature-sensitive material may further include a binder, such as organic resins, for better adhesion of the flexible-based temperature-sensitive material, and other additives.

The term "threshold temperature" or "threshold temperature value" refers to the numerical value of the temperature at which an irreversible change in the properties of the temperature-sensitive material occurs. In the claimed utility model, the accuracy of registering the excess of the threshold temperature is 5°C.

The term "accuracy of registering the exceedance of the threshold temperature" means the following:

1. Until the device reaches a temperature equal to the threshold temperature of the corresponding temperature-sensitive material, minus the value of the declared accuracy, there is no change in the transparency of the corresponding temperature-sensitive material and the appearance of the device.

2. At a temperature equal to or greater than the threshold temperature of the corresponding temperature sensitive material plus the declared accuracy value, the corresponding temperature sensitive material is transparent and the device has a different appearance from the original.

3. The exact value of the phase transition of the temperature-sensitive component is within the declared range and is not additionally established. The accuracy of registering the excess of the threshold temperature determined by the present utility model is 5°C.

"Phase transition" is the transition of a substance from one thermodynamic phase to another when external conditions change. With reference to the present utility model, a phase change is "melting" and means the transition of a material from a solid to a liquid state when the temperature rises to or above the melting point of the composition.

A thermally sensitive material that has undergone a phase change with increasing transparency is referred to in the present utility model as "activation". A device in which the temperature-sensitive material has changed transparency is referred to as "triggered".

"Defect" is a non-compliance of the object with the requirements established by the documentation for at least one indicator.

By "resistance to fire" is meant the ability of a material to resist combustion when exposed to an ignition source.

The term "electrical strength" defines the property of a given device to withstand an electrical voltage applied to it. In other words, dielectric strength is the minimum electric field strength at which a device breakdown occurs.

The term "dielectric" means the property of this device to withstand an electrical voltage applied to it, while the minimum electric field strength at which the breakdown of the device occurs exceeds the dielectric strength of air under normal conditions with a layer thickness of 1 cm, which is 3 kV/mm.

The term "surface of complex geometry" means any curved surface containing bends, breaks and other non-linear elements with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm. In this utility model, a cylindrical surface with longitudinal waves with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm is considered as a model surface of complex geometry.

The term "radius of curvature" of curved and cylindrical surfaces refers to the maximum radius of a circular arc that best fits these surfaces. For the present utility model, "small radius of curvature" means a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more.

The term "cylindrical surface" refers to a developable closed or open ruled surface formed by a parallel displacement of a straight line - generatrix along some curvilinear guide.

The term "elasticity" reveals the ability of a material, when bent around a cylindrical surface, to repeat its shape without losing its functional properties. The term "elasticity in tension/compression" refers to the preservation of the functional properties of the material when a force is applied in any direction in a plane parallel to the plane of the material, and also after the removal of this force.

By "elongation to break" is meant the numerical value of the elongation of an article or parts thereof under tension, above which its physical integrity is compromised and rupture occurs. The value is expressed as a percentage, indicating how much the linear dimensions of the material increase when it is stretched relative to the corresponding initial dimensions.

In this utility model, the term "glazing" is used to refer to the process of forming a uniform layer of one thermodynamic phase around a particle of another thermodynamic phase.

The essence of the utility model

This utility model was created to improve the safety of equipment operation, including for power purposes, due to accurate and reliable registration of defects associated with exceeding the threshold temperature by surfaces and elements of this equipment.

The objective of this utility model is to create a device that provides the possibility of reliable and accurate registration of the threshold temperature excess when placed on surfaces, including complex geometry with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm, and made of materials whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, and does not lose its functional properties, including the accuracy of registering the threshold temperature excess, when pasted on these surfaces.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the safety of operation of various equipment, including electrical equipment, due to the possibility of a snug fit of the device for registering threshold temperature excesses to surfaces made of various materials, with complex geometry with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm, and made of materials whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, without loss of accuracy of registering threshold temperature excesses, including to conductive elements of electrical equipment.

The technical result is achieved by a device for registering threshold temperature exceedance, which is an elastic sticker having a layered structure, including:

- adhesive layer;

- a colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% of halogen atoms, on which information is applied, including the numerical value of the recorded threshold temperature;

- heat-sensitive material deposited on the area of the front surface of the base, made with the possibility of visual registration of overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, and including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment C _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5;

- an elastic, transparent, at least for part of the visible light, protective film covering the front surface of the base and the heat-sensitive material,

at the same time, the device is configured to maintain the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ±5°С from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface, the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size.

The polymeric material of the base and the protective film is selected in such a way as to ensure the simultaneous fulfillment of the following criteria: flexibility and elasticity necessary for the device to fit tightly to surfaces of complex geometry while maintaining the ability to register overheating with the declared accuracy; the necessary adhesion both to the controlled surface itself and to the heat-sensitive material, which is mandatory for reliable fixation of the device, preventing it from peeling off during thermal expansion of the controlled surface or vibration, and maintaining the ability to register temperature rises; as well as fire resistance.

The most suitable materials for this purpose are halogenated polymers, preferably polyvinyl chloride. Polymeric materials, in the structure of which halogen atoms are present, have one of the highest rates of flexibility and elasticity among known polymers. The introduction of halogen atoms into the polymerization feedstock monomers breaks their symmetry and creates one or more chiral centers. Polymerization or polycondensation of such monomers, either with each other or with other halogen-containing or halogen-free monomers, leads to the formation of polymer chains with a large number of stereocenters. Regular polymers derived from non-halogenated monomers without chiral centers are prone to the formation of crystalline structures, which reduces their elasticity, while a large number of diastereomers arising from the halogenation of monomers give halogenated polymers a stereochemical disorder that prevents crystallization. Thus, halogen-containing polymer materials have high elasticity and flexibility due to the peculiarities of the chemical structure due to the presence of halogen atoms in the polymer structure. In addition, halogen-containing materials have good adhesion and low flammability, which additionally ensures the safety of operation of the claimed device and the equipment on which it is placed.

In the manufacture of temperature indicators in the form of stickers, it is necessary to take into account the stretchability of some materials, as well as the thermal expansion of the materials (their TEC - thermal expansion coefficient) on which the sticker will be glued. An increase in the temperature of the surface on which the device is glued will be accompanied by thermal expansion of the surface material, therefore, if the device does not have tensile elasticity, the sticker will peel off and deform, which will lead to a decrease in the reliability of registering the temperature rise. This is especially true in the field of energy, where the vast majority of materials used have significant TCR, and dynamic compounds are used to prevent the negative effects of thermal expansion of materials. These types of connections also require temperature control, which can only be performed using elastic stickers that can easily deform when the shape and size of the equipment elements on which they are placed change.

Therefore, it is necessary that the device (in particular, made in the form of a sticker) has not only flexibility and elasticity in bending, but also elasticity in tension, i.e. when the sticker was stretched in any direction in a plane parallel to the base, there was a corresponding increase in its linear dimensions while maintaining the necessary functional properties.

The use of a temperature-sensitive material made with the possibility of visual registration of overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, and including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment C _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5, is associated with the following.

The use of compounds containing one or more long aliphatic hydrocarbon chains results in organic solid particles being formed into fibers, flakes, or flat or elongated crystals. When such a heat-sensitive material is applied to the base, the flat particles are oriented predominantly parallel to the base layer and the protective film layer, due to which the heat-sensitive material layer has the ability to bend and stretch/compress without deformation and loss of functional properties (Fig. 12a).

Such crystal packing causes the anisotropy of the organic solid, as a result of which the properties of the material in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate and protective film differ from the properties of the material in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and protective film. The anisotropy of the properties of a heat-sensitive material affects the strength of the material under bending and mechanical impacts: the application of impacts in directions close to perpendicular to the surface of the base will not damage the material (A.I. Kitaygorodsky, Organic Crystal Chemistry, Moscow, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1955). Since the flat particles of solid organic matter are oriented mainly parallel to the base layer and the protective film layer, when the device is stretched or compressed longitudinally, the layers of particles will slide relative to each other with an increase or decrease in the size of the voids between them without destroying the microstructure of the thermosensitive material and maintaining the integrity of its layer (Fig. 7). For this reason, the stretching of the thermosensitive material layer, when placed both on a surface with a small radius of curvature and on a surface made of a material capable of stretching and having a high TEC, will not lead to deformation of the thermosensitive material layer or its destruction, as well as the formation of cracks on it. This will additionally ensure the safety of operation of various equipment due to accurate and reliable registration of overheating of its surfaces.

In addition, when a device for registering threshold temperature excess is attached to a surface of complex geometry, including those with a curvature radius of 2 mm or more, with insufficient elasticity of the protective film, its bending will create excess pressure (F') on the heat-sensitive material. It is known that solids begin to melt or recrystallize into larger crystals with increasing pressure, especially at temperatures close to, but not reaching, the melting point (Fig. 7). Therefore, if the protective film is not sufficiently elastic, its pressure (F<F') on the heat-sensitive material at the bending points can lead to premature operation of the device and, as a result, false registration of overheating. False triggering can be avoided not only by the use of an elastic protective film, which will reduce the pressure on the heat-sensitive material when bent (F≈F'), but also by the anisotropic microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, in which the formed flat particles are oriented mainly parallel to the base layer.

Due to the structural features of the thermosensitive layer, the microstructure of which contains a large amount of the gas phase, when the threshold temperature is exceeded, the microstructure of the thermosensitive material will be destroyed and, as a result, the separation of gaseous and non-gaseous media (Fig. 12). Since the process occurs during heating, due to thermal expansion, the total volume of the gas phase after heating will be significantly higher than the total volume of the gas phase contained in the microstructure of the thermosensitive material before heating, as a result of which, when the threshold temperature is reached, an air bubble will form under the protective film hermetically covering the front surface of the device. With further cooling of the device, the volume of the gaseous medium decreases to the initial values and the size of the bubble under the surface of the protective layer, as a result, decreases. The described processes explain the need to use elastic protective films with the ability to stretch and compress in the manufacture of the device in order to maintain the integrity of this device when operating in a wide temperature range. Otherwise, with insufficient elasticity and flexibility of the protective film, it may break when stretched or compressed, which will impair the accuracy of recording temperature rises.

The accuracy of the recorded temperature threshold in the claimed utility model is at least 5°C.

Thus, the totality of such features of the formula as:

- the use of a colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% halogen atoms;

- the use of a heat-sensitive material based on a phase transition, including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment C _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5;

- covering the front surface of the device with a transparent, at least part of the visible light, elastic protective film;

- the possibility of maintaining the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ± 5 ° С from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface, the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size,

allows you to avoid the following factors that adversely affect the safety of equipment operation, and, in particular, the reliability of recording threshold temperature exceedances:

- premature operation associated with the deformation of the heat-sensitive material;

- delamination of heat-sensitive material from the base, as well as the formation of cracks on its surface;

- the formation of an air bubble in the zone of delamination of the sticker from the controlled surface;

- uneven heating of the surface of the thermosensitive material;

- rupture of the protective film with loss of its functional properties;

- formation of microcracks on the surface of the protective film;

- excess pressure created by the protective film on the heat-sensitive material.

In particular cases, the thickness of the elastic base is not more than 0.7 mm, and its elongation to break is not less than 10%. Also, the thickness of the elastic protective film is not more than 0.5 mm, and its elongation to break is not less than 33%.

Consider the extreme case of attaching a sticker to a cylindrical surface with a radius of R = 2 mm (for example, strands of small-section electric wires with or without insulation, steel-aluminum wires of overhead power lines, hardware clamps, coil surfaces, blades of bolted contact connections, contact lamellas, fuse contact sponges, etc.). The length of the sticker base before attaching to a curved surface was length of a layer of heat-sensitive material - and the length of the protective film - When placed on a cylindrical surface, the bending radius of the base of the device will be equal to R ₁ =R+h ₁ , where h ₁ is the thickness of the base, the bending radius of the heat-sensitive material will be equal to R ₂ =R+h ₁ +h ₂ , where h ₂ is the thickness of the heat-sensitive material, and the maximum bending radius of the protective film will be R ₃ =R+h ₁ +h ₂ +h ₃ , where h ₃ is the thickness of the protective film. In most cases, the thickness of the adhesive layer (h ₀ ) is so small that it can be taken equal to zero. Preferably, the thickness of the backing is not more than 0.2 mm, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer is not more than 0.3 mm, and the thickness of the protective film is not more than 0.15 mm. Then, for a snug fit of the device to the surface with a radius of curvature of 2 mm while maintaining adhesion, the outer surface of the base must be bent along a radius of (2 + 0.2) mm, which is 10% more than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the length of the outer surface of the base after gluing should also increase by 10% relative to its original length, i.e. make up The outer surface of the layer of heat-sensitive material must be bent along a radius of (2+0.2+0.3) mm, which is 25% greater than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the length of the outer surface of the heat-sensitive material layer after gluing the sticker should also increase by 25% of its original length, i.e. make up The outer surface of the protective film should bend as much as possible along the radius (2+0.2+0.3+0.15) mm, which is 33% more than the radius of the cylindrical surface. In this case, the maximum length of the outer surface of the protective film after sticking the sticker should also increase by 33% relative to its original length, i.e. make up (see Fig. 1a, Fig. 10 and the calculation given in the description of Fig. 10). In this case, when using thicker layers of the base of the thermally sensitive material and the protective film, the corresponding components of the device must increase their length up to 100%.

For this reason, it is important that the device for recording threshold temperature exceedances after its installation on a surface with a minimum radius of curvature of 2 mm, as well as after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size, does not lose its adhesive properties, is not damaged, does not tear and fully retains its functionality with the ability to register overheating in the range of ± 5 ° C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, which, in particular, is ensured by the use of a base and a protective film that are flexible and elastic. awn, as well as the ability to elongate to break from 10% and up to 100%.

The impossibility of fulfilling these conditions will lead to a significant decrease in the accuracy of registering the excess of the threshold temperature.

The material of the adhesive layer is preferably selected to provide adhesion (FINAT TM1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) of at least 10N/25 mm at 20°C, which allows the bonded component to adhere tightly to the surface on which it is placed throughout its entire service life. The specified value of adhesion was established by approximating the array of experimental data.

Preferably, the device has dielectric properties, preferably having an electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm.

In one of the preferred embodiments, the implementation of the elastic base includes polymers containing a structural unit -CH ₂ CHCl-, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC), mainly cast (obtained by injection molding, cast) polyvinyl chloride.

The choice of such materials as the base material is based on the following. PVC and other halogen-containing films have a number of necessary properties that a material used in the electric power industry must have in order to ensure the necessary performance characteristics, as well as proper operation safety of both the sticker and the equipment itself, namely:

- low combustibility and flammability: in the event of emergency overheating of the surface on which the device is placed, the sticker itself cannot become a source of ignition, and ignition is possible only with the direct action of an open fire, after which PVC and other halogen-containing films are prone to rapid attenuation;

- dielectric strength and high dielectric properties, due to which the device does not conduct electric current, and when the sticker is peeled off from the controlled element with subsequent overlapping, there is no possibility of breakdown and short circuit;

- flexibility and elasticity provide the possibility of gluing the device to the surface of units of installations and electrical equipment with complex geometry, as well as sections of electric motors, bearings and other elements requiring temperature control;

- tensile strength and resistance to stretching increase the service life of PVC and other halogen-containing films and ensure the reliability of their use throughout the entire service life;

- non-toxicity: during long-term operation in conditions close to standard, there is no release of substances harmful to humans.

The presence of halogen atoms in the structure of the elastic base, among other things, is due to the requirements of fire safety, namely, the low flammability of the device. It is known that materials containing halogen atoms in their composition have low flammability, which serves as an additional safety measure for the operation of the device and the equipment on which it is placed. If the sticker ignites at high temperatures, it may cause a fire in the electrical installation, as well as an electric arc. In this case, the base may include both halogen-containing polymers and halogen-containing additives. The mass percentage of halogen atoms in both cases is at least 5 wt.%. For halogen-containing polymers, this parameter is significantly higher and, in particular, for polyvinyl chloride is 57-74 wt.%, depending on the method of production, and for polyvinylidene fluoride - 59%. Halogen-containing additives, which are introduced into polymer films that do not contain halogen atoms in their structure, act as flame retardants or plasticizers and are effective even when added at low concentrations.

In addition, all halogen-containing polymers are good dielectrics and are characterized by high dielectric strengths. Additionally, the elasticity of halogen-containing polymers, especially PVC, should be noted.

The properties of the final PVC film depend on the method of its production, as well as on the presence of modifying additives - plasticizers. Plasticized PVC has a high elasticity and is processed into films and other finished products in several ways. PVC films can be obtained by rolling, as a result of which a material with elongated polymer fibers is formed, oriented mainly along the rolling direction. This gives the films increased elasticity, flexibility and elongation at break up to 300%, but only in the rolling direction. Extruded PVC films also have high elasticity, flexibility and strength only in the direction of extrusion. Injection molded PVC films (cast or cast films) also have the advantages of the other two types of plasticized PVC, however, their properties are the same in all directions, which makes this material the most preferred material for use as the basis for a temperature-rise recording device. In addition, injection molding makes it possible to obtain denser and stronger films with a smooth surface. Thus, the use of cast PVC as a base, in particular, meets all the above requirements.

Based on the foregoing, the transparent elastic protective film can also be made of polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride.

It is preferable to use thinner layers of the structure, since this, in particular, has a positive effect on the flexibility and elasticity of the device, and, as a result, provides additional reliability for the safe operation of both the sticker and the equipment itself, however, the strength characteristics of the device should also be taken into account, which must also meet the requirements for stickers and temperature indicators in general.

Thus, in particular cases, the thickness of the elastic base may preferably be no more than 0.2 mm, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material may be no more than 0.8 mm, and the transparent elastic protective film may have a thickness of no more than 0.15 mm.

In particular cases, the heat-sensitive material in the initial state has a microstructure, including a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, and is made with the ability to irreversibly change its appearance when the specified threshold temperature is reached due to the destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the development of the color of the base (see Fig. 12).

The use of a temperature-sensitive material with voids makes it possible to increase the service life, increase the reliability of determining overheating due to the impossibility of aggregation of solid particles through the gas phase, and exclude the possibility of returning the material to its original state after operation due to an irreversible change in the microstructure, which also positively affects the safety of operation of both the sticker and the equipment itself. When melting a heat-sensitive material containing voids, an irreversible change in the initial microstructure of the material occurs with a decrease in the proportion of voids in it, associated with the fusion of particles of solid organic matter and with a decrease in the area of the "solid-gas" phase boundaries due to the irreversible escape of the gas contained in the voids to the surface and the separation of gaseous and non-gaseous media. As a result, upon further cooling, the solid organic substance crystallizes already without voids, thereby irreversibly changing the transparency (increasing relative to the initial state) of the material for at least part of the visible light, creating a visual effect of changing the appearance of the device with high contrast, which ensures high reliability of registering the temperature rise above the set value. Preferably, the void fraction of the temperature-sensitive material after heating above the corresponding temperature threshold is reduced by at least 2 times relative to the initial state, which further increases the color transition contrast of the device when the temperature threshold is exceeded.

In addition, the presence of voids filled with the gas phase increases the ability of the thermosensitive material to change its linear dimensions and bend, without losing the accuracy of registering the excess of threshold temperatures.

The organic matter of the solid phase of the heat-sensitive material can be selected from the group: fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥12; salts of aliphatic fatty acids containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5; alkanes containing at least 20 carbon atoms; dialkylphosphinic acids containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5; fatty aliphatic acid amides containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5; anhydrides of fatty aliphatic acids containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥10; fatty aliphatic alcohols containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥14; fatty aliphatic amines containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥17; aliphatic fatty acid nitriles containing C _n H _(2n+1) structural fragments with n≥19.

The use of organic compounds containing one or more aliphatic hydrocarbon chains C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5 as an organic substance of a solid phase of a thermosensitive material contributes to the formation of a crystalline package in which elongated structural fragments of linear hydrocarbons are oriented parallel to each other (A.I. Kitaygorodsky, Molecular Crystals, M.: Nauka, 1971). Due to the fact that particles of solid organic matter are formed in the form of fibers, flakes or flat or elongated crystals, that is, they have a two-dimensional structure, the thermosensitive material forms a special microstructure capable of bending and stretching without deformation and loss of functional properties.

Also, the use of solid organic compounds, which include non-polar aliphatic fragments, additionally contributes to an increase in the electrical strength of the device as a whole, since such fatty aliphatic derivatives have good dielectric properties.

In particular cases, the organic substance of the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, salts of saturated fatty carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium.

The content of organic solids in the temperature-sensitive material is at least 50 wt.%, preferably 50-90 wt.%, most preferably 70 wt.%. It has been experimentally established that an increase in the mass content of the organic matter of the solid phase above 50 wt.%, as well as the use of individual solid organic matter as a heat-sensitive material leads to easy delamination of individual particles of the heat-sensitive layer with a general preservation of appearance due to low adhesion of the solid part relative to each other, prevents cracking of the material after mounting the device on a surface with a small radius of curvature, and violation of the integrity of the layer during longitudinal and / or transverse stretching of the device. It was also shown that an increase in the content of a transparent binder above 50 wt.% leads to the need to use a thicker layer of heat-sensitive material, since a low concentration of particles of solid organic matter (below 50 wt.%) does not ensure the opacity of a layer of heat-sensitive material with a thickness of not more than 0.8 mm.

In particular cases, the microstructure of the thermosensitive material additionally contains a polymeric binder transparent to at least part of the visible light, the phase transition temperature of which is higher than the phase transition temperature of the solid organic substance. In this case, the temperature-sensitive material contains the “solid-solid-gas” phase boundaries, during melting an irreversible change in the microstructure of the material also occurs, as a result of which the number of voids decreases relative to the initial state due to the release of the gas contained in them to the surface of the material and the separation of gas and non-gas media occurs, resulting in a decrease in the contact area of the solid phase and voids, i.e. decrease in the area of the phase boundaries.

Preferably, the polymeric binder is present in the thermosensitive material in an amount of 1-30% by weight. In particular cases, the polymeric binder covers each individual structural particle of a solid organic substance, providing its "glazing". The binder is chosen to allow wettability, but not dissolution, of the organic solid particles in the polymeric binder. Due to this, when "glazing" grains, crystals, fibers, flakes or conglomerates of these particles, additional gas is captured, in the medium of which a thermosensitive material is formed, and its distribution between the "glazed" binder particles of solid organic matter.

In preferred embodiments, the thermosensitive material is configured to change transparency when heated to a temperature above a threshold temperature for no more than 5 seconds. This is due to the fact that the declared thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer and its structure, together with the declared thickness of the base of the device, makes it possible to heat the heat-sensitive material in the event of short-term overheating during the peak load period and completely transfer it into a melt with an “opaque-transparent” color transition within no more than 5 seconds, and also provides the necessary heat transfer during air cooling of operating devices.

The threshold temperature can be selected from the range of 50-210°C, mainly 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C. in such a way that the solid organic matter included in its composition has a melting point that differs from the threshold temperature by no more than 5°C.

In private versions of the device, the coloring of the elastic base or the inscription is made with the possibility of marking electrical equipment elements or color marking phases. In particular, an inscription containing color, alphabetic, numeric or alphanumeric marking information can be applied to the front surface of its base. In one case, the inscriptions on the elastic basis contain information about the date of expiration of the device's service life. Also, the elastic base can have a color corresponding to the established rules for marking power equipment elements. The features listed above serve to impart to the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature the properties of the marking elements of electrical equipment, which also additionally ensures the safety of operation of the equipment on which such devices are placed, in view of the following. In the case of contact connections, wires or electrical components, these are small surfaces that, on the one hand, require marking, and on the other hand, temperature control. However, the use of devices for marking and devices for recording temperature rises separately is often not possible due to the insufficient area of the controlled surface. The use of only a device for temperature indication without marking can lead to incorrect identification of a defective unit, as well as to an increase in the detection time. Thus, a device that combines the properties of a marking device, as well as the properties of temperature indicators, will also have a positive effect on the safety of various equipment.

In particular cases, the area of the heat-sensitive material may occupy from 3 to 97% of the area of the front surface of the sticker, preferably not less than 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. Preferably, the surface area of the substrate coated with the temperature-sensitive material is at least 100 mm ² .

Preferably, the device is configured to detect overheating of individual surface areas by changing the transparency of only that part of the thermosensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature, and maintaining the initial transparency of that part of the thermosensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature.

In some embodiments, at least 70% of the base area covered with a heat-sensitive material is colored black, and when the corresponding threshold temperature is reached, with the declared accuracy, a visual color transition of a part of the device surface is white-black, that is, the heat-sensitive material in an opaque state has a white color.

In order to increase the visibility of both the device itself and the fact of its operation, on equipment elements, including those that are difficult to access due to the large size of the installations, the location of the installations in the open air or due to inspection in bad weather conditions and in conditions of insufficient visibility, at night with a flashlight, as well as to inspect equipment without artificial lighting and windows, and, as a result, further increase the safety of equipment operation, the base may have reflective properties or may be painted using a substance with luminescent properties.

In particular cases, the substrate may be dyed using a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated.

The use when painting the base of substances made with the ability to irreversibly change color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the main heat-sensitive material, for example, by 10-30°C, makes it possible to inform the personnel about the risk of an accidental defect in the future, and thus, provides the possibility of its prevention, with proper response of the personnel responsible for this equipment. Thus, the operation of such a substance, in the absence of operation of the main thermally sensitive material, indicates the presence of overheating of the equipment that has not reached the maximum permissible values corresponding to the threshold temperature of the main thermally sensitive material, and the need to inspect it in order to identify and eliminate problems that could later lead to the development of an already emergency defect. Thus, the presence of a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the main heat-sensitive material, in particular, by 10-30°C, further increases the safety of operation of both the claimed device and the equipment as a whole.

Also, the substrate can be dyed using a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated. For example, a layer of heat-sensitive paint having the above properties can be applied to the front surface.

The presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated makes it possible to inform the personnel not only of exceeding the temperature threshold in the past, but also of overheating at the time of inspection. The operation of such a substance at the time of inspection indicates that the equipment is in emergency mode at the current moment and can be a source of increased danger. Thus, the presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated further increases the safety of operation of both the claimed device and the equipment as a whole.

Brief description of the drawings

The utility model will be better understood from the description, which is not restrictive and is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

Fig. 1 - An example of placing a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature on an element of complex geometry (cylindrical surface) - 1a - sectional view, 1b - side view, 1c - sectional view, an example of placing a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity on an element of complex geometry (cylindrical surface).

Fig. 2 - An example of a longitudinal placement "in a pinch", a view in section, 2a - the claimed device, 2b - a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity.

Fig. 3 - An example of the transverse placement of the claimed device on an element of complex geometry (concave surface).

Fig. 4 - Layered structure of the claimed device for registering threshold temperature exceedances - 4a, with black paint applied to the front surface of the elastic reflective base in the area of the heat-sensitive material - 4b.

Fig. 5 - An example of placing a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature, which does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity, on a surface that changes its linear dimensions, 5a - before stretching, 5b - after stretching.

Fig. 6 - Device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature with additional coloring in the area of the heat-sensitive material: 6a - initial appearance of the sticker, 6b - triggered sticker after exceeding the threshold temperature.

Fig. 7 - The structure of a heat-sensitive material containing a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, 7a - before stretching, 7b - after stretching, when applied to a cylindrical surface.

Fig. 8 - Device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature with an indication of the end of operation.

Fig. 9 - A device for registering a threshold temperature exceedance, in which the front surface of the base is painted using a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated above a threshold temperature value, 9a - the initial view of the device, top view, 9b - a fully triggered sticker at the moment the threshold temperature is exceeded, as well as exceeding the threshold temperature value of a substance that reversibly changes color when heated, top view, 9c - a fully triggered sticker after cooling, top view, 9d - a layered structure.

Fig. 10 - Layered structure of a part of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, 10a - initial view, 10b - after gluing on a curved surface.

Fig. 11 - Top view of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature: 11a the initial view of the sticker, 11b partially worked sticker after heating above the threshold temperature only in the heated area, while maintaining the original state of the rest of the area of this zone.

Fig. 12 - Microstructure of a thermosensitive material with particles of solid organic matter in the form of flakes and their conglomerates before actuation (12a) and after actuation (12b).

Fig. 13 - An example of placing a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature on a wavy surface, 13a - a layered structure, 13b - a top view in the initial state, 13c - a top view after the device has been triggered.

Fig. 14 - A device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature, in which the front surface of the substrate is painted using a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated above a threshold temperature value, 14a - the initial view of the device, top view, 14b - a partially triggered sticker after exceeding the threshold temperature of a substance that irreversibly changes color when heated, top view, 14c - a fully triggered sticker after exceeding the threshold temperature of a thermosensitive material, top view, 14d - a sticker after cooling, top view , 14e - layered structure.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows an example of placing a device for registering an excess of the threshold temperature on an element of complex geometry 10 with a radius of curvature R, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h ₀ , an elastic base 1 with a thickness h _{1 , and a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, with a thickness h 2 ,} the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h ₃ . In FIG. 1a shows a partial version of the device with a black elastic base, sectional view, in Fig. 1b shows a partial version of the device with a yellow elastic base, general view, in Fig. 1c shows a particular version of the device with a black elastic base, sectional view, while the device does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and, as a result, peels off from the surface 10 with the formation of a gap 11. If the surface has a radius of curvature R, then the elastic base 1 has a bending radius R ₁ =R+h ₀ , the heat-sensitive material 2 has a bending radius R ₂ =R+h ₀ +h ₁ , and the transparent elastic protective layer 6 has an average radius bend R ₃ \u003d R + h ₀ + h ₁ + h ₂ .

In FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the pinch fastening of a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature on a cylindrical surface 10, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. In Fig. 2a shows the claimed device, which at the place of fastening "in a pinch", as close as possible to the cylindrical surface and experiencing the maximum load to keep the sticker in the fixed state, the bending radius R=2 mm or more. In FIG. 2b shows a device that does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and has a bending radius R' at the pinch attachment site, as close as possible to the cylindrical surface, which is many times greater than the corresponding bending radius R of the claimed device (R'>>R). This does not provide a tight and reliable fastening of the device in Fig. 2b to the cylindrical surface 10 and, as a result, a gap 11 is formed.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows an example of placing a device for registering a threshold temperature exceedance with three temperature-sensitive materials on an element of complex geometry (concave surface) 10 with a radius of curvature R, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h ₀ , an elastic base 1, with a thickness h ₁ and a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, with a thickness h ₂ , the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h ₃ . In this case, the elastic base has a bending radius R ₁ =Rh ₀ and the transparent elastic protective layer has an average bending radius R ₂ =Rh ₀ -h ₁ -h ₂ .

In FIG. 4a shows the layered structure of the device for registering the threshold temperature exceedance, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h ₀ , an elastic base 1 with a thickness h _{1 , and a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, with a thickness h 2 ,} the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h ₃ . In FIG. 4a shows a private version with a black elastic base.

In FIG. 4b shows the layered structure of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h ₀ , an elastic base 1, with a thickness h ₁ , and having retroreflective properties, while the front surface of the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material is covered with paint 7, in particular, black, and heat-sensitive material 2 applied to its front side, with a thickness h ₂ , the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness of h ₃ .

In FIG. 5 shows a device that is a base 1 with a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front surface and covered with a protective film 6, while the device does not have the necessary flexibility and elasticity and is placed on the surface 10, which changes its linear dimensions. In FIG. 5a, the device shown is tightly attached to the surface 10 of length L until it is stretched, in FIG. 5b, the presented device begins to peel off from the surface 10 with the formation of a gap 11 as a result of stretching the surface to a length

In FIG. Figure 6 shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 deposited on its front side: in the initial state before heating (a) and after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material (b). In FIG. 6 shows a particular version of the device with an inscription indicating the recorded threshold temperature 8, located on an elastic base in the area of the heat-sensitive material, the elastic base 1 is yellow and painted black 7 in the area of the heat-sensitive material.

In FIG. Figure 7 shows the layered structure of a part of the device for recording threshold temperature exceedances, placed on a flat surface 10 (a) and on an element of complex geometry 10 (b), which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, heat-sensitive materials 2 deposited on its front side, having a microstructure, including a continuous solid phase of organic matter 12 and voids 13 filled with a gas phase.

In FIG. Fig. 8 shows the front side of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1 and a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, while on the front side of the elastic base of the base, free from heat-sensitive material, an inscription containing an indication of the recorded temperature 8 and the expiration date 9 is applied. 8 shows a private version with an elastic base painted black.

In FIG. 9a-c shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, additionally containing a substance 14 that reversibly changes color when heated, and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material 2 and substance 14, reversibly changing color when heated (b) and after further cooling to a temperature below the threshold temperature thermosensitive material 2 and substance 14, which reversibly changes color when heated (c). In FIG. 9d shows the layered structure of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic base 1, painted using a substance 14 that reversibly changes color when heated, in this particular case, the elastic base is painted black and a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied to its front side, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6. In Fig. 9 shows a particular version of the device with an inscription indicating the recorded threshold temperature 8, located on an elastic basis in a zone free from heat-sensitive material 2.

In FIG. Figure 10 is a layered structure of a part of a device for registering an excess of a threshold temperature before (a) and after (b) placement on an element of complex geometry 10 with a radius of curvature R, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an adhesive layer 4 with a thickness h ₀ , an elastic base 1, with a thickness h ₁ , and a heat-sensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, with a thickness h ₂ , the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6 with a thickness h ₃ . The length of the sticker base before attaching to a curved surface was length of a layer of heat-sensitive material - and the length of the protective film - If the surface 10 has a radius of curvature R, then the elastic base 1 has a bending radius R ₁ =R+h ₀ , the heat-sensitive material 2 has a bending radius R ₂ =R+h ₀ +h ₁ , and the transparent elastic protective layer 6 has an average bending radius R ₃ =R+h ₀ +h ₁ +h ₂ . Then, with a snug fit of the device to the surface with a radius of curvature R, the length of the outer surface of the base after gluing the length of the outer surface of the layer of heat-sensitive material after gluing the sticker maximum length of the outer surface of the protective film after gluing the sticker

In FIG. 11 shows the front side of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker that includes an elastic base 1 and a thermosensitive material 2 deposited on its front side, before heating (a) and after partial heating (b) of the zone of the thermosensitive material, as a result of which the transparency of this material changes only in the heated area 15, while maintaining the original state of the rest of the area 16 of this zone.

In FIG. 12 shows the microstructure of thermosensitive material 2 with particles of solid organic matter 12, made in the form of flakes and their conglomerates, and voids 13 before heating (12a) and the microstructure of thermosensitive material 2 with a reduced proportion of voids and with an increased apparent density and with particles that have undergone fusion and have lost their original shape after heating above the threshold temperature value (12b).

In FIG. 13a shows the layered structure of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature when it is placed on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R, while the device is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, black paint 7 applied to its front side, heat-sensitive material 2 applied to the paint and a transparent elastic protective film 6 covering the front side of the sticker. In FIG. 13b shows a top view of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature in the initial state, in which the temperature-sensitive material 2 is white, in Fig. 13c shows a top view of the device after exceeding the threshold temperature, accompanied by an irreversible change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material 2 relative to the initial state and the development of the color of the base under it.

In FIG. 14a-d shows the front side of the device for recording the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure, including an elastic base 1, additionally containing a substance 17, which irreversibly changes color when heated, and a thermosensitive material 2 applied to its front side: in the initial state before heating (a), after heating to the threshold temperature of the substance 17, which irreversibly changes color when heated (T ₁ ) (b), after heating to the threshold temperature of the thermosensitive material 2 (T ₂ ) (c) and after further cooling to a temperature below the threshold temperature of substance 17, which irreversibly changes color when heated (d). In FIG. 14e shows the layered structure of the device for registering the excess of the threshold temperature, which is a sticker having a layered structure 5, including an insulating film 3, an adhesive layer 4, an elastic base 1, painted using a substance 17 that irreversibly changes color when heated, while in a particular case, the elastic base is colored red, a heat-sensitive material 2 is applied to its front side, and the front surface of the base in the area of the heat-sensitive material is covered with paint 7 , in a particular case, black, the sticker is covered with a transparent elastic protective film 6.

Implementation of the utility model

General manufacturing technology of the device.

As the adhesive layer can be used, in particular, acrylic adhesives, styrene adhesives, polyurethane adhesives. These adhesives provide adhesion of more than 10N/25 mm to stainless steel at 20°C, measured by the FINAT TM1 method after 24 hours. Further, options for the manufacture and use of the claimed device will be considered using the acrylic adhesive as an example.

As an elastic base for the claimed device, halogen-containing polymer bases can be used, containing, in particular, vinyl chloride copolymers, namely: C-15 copolymer (vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer), VKhVD-40 copolymer (vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride copolymer), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films and cast PVC films, PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride films, films made from M-40 fluoroplastic, as well as polyester ester films with additions of 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane or polyester films modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, preferably with a thickness of not more than 0.7 mm.

These films provide a minimum bending radius of 2 mm or more, elongation at break from 10% to up to 100%, have dielectric properties and resistance to fire, the possibility of longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size, and can also be installed on a surface with a minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm.

A base thickness of not more than 0.7 mm ensures the response speed of each of the heat-sensitive materials is less than 5 seconds when heated above the threshold temperature corresponding to each composition, which also increases the safety of operation of controlled equipment, since it allows heating the corresponding heat-sensitive material in the event of short-term overheating during peak load and completely transferring it into a melt with an "opaque-transparent" color transition and the appearance of the color of the base under it for no more than 5 seconds, and also provides the necessary heat transfer during air cooling of workers devices.

In some embodiments, the backing may be reflective or may be dyed with a luminescent substance to increase the visibility of both the device itself and the actuation of the device, further increasing the safety of the equipment.

In particular cases, the substrate may be dyed using a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated. The presence of an additional substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated to a temperature below the threshold temperature of the main thermally sensitive material, in particular, by 10-30°C, makes it possible to detect overheating of equipment that has not reached the maximum permissible values, and, as a result, to prevent the occurrence of an emergency defect.

Also, the substrate can be dyed using a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated. For example, a layer of heat-sensitive paint having the above properties can be applied to the front surface. The presence of a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated makes it possible to inform the personnel not only of exceeding the temperature threshold in the past, but also of overheating at the time of inspection.

Halogen-containing polymers, in particular PVC films, or polyurethane films modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, can also be used as a protective film. However, it must be taken into account that if they are used for a protective film, they must be transparent to at least part of the visible light.

Preparation of thermosensitive material.

An organic substance whose structure includes C _n H _(2n+1) fragments, where n≥5, for example, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, salts of saturated fatty carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium, etc., or their mixture with a melting point diluent, which differed from the threshold temperatures indicated on the sticker by no more than 5°C, was crushed to a size of 2-3 microns in a ball mill, a diluent or a solution of a binder in a diluent was successively added and stirred until a homogeneous mass. As the diluent, for example, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, etc., or mixtures thereof, can be used. The suspension was used for application immediately upon receipt.

In preferred embodiments, the organic solids content of the thermosensitive material is 70% by weight.

In particular cases, the thermosensitive material additionally contains a polymeric binder transparent to at least part of the visible light, the phase transition temperature of which is higher than the phase transition temperature of the solid organic substance. Preferably, the polymeric binder is present in the thermosensitive material in an amount of 1-30% by weight.

In particular cases, the transparent polymer binder is selected from phenol-formaldehyde resin, butyl methacrylic resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, polyvinyl butyral, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polybutyl acrylate, phenoxy resin, polystyrene-acrylic emulsion, polyolefin, polystyrene, polyacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene a, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone, polyisoprene, polypropylene, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylate, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polycaprolactone, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, polyamide resin, polyvinylidene fluoride, poly ether, polyester resins, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, gelatin, agar-agar, casein, gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.

The organic matter is selected in such a way that when the threshold temperature is reached in the range of not more than 5°C, it melts with a visual opaque-transparent transition.

In various embodiments, the organic matter that is part of the thermosensitive material is selected in such a way that the threshold temperature can be selected from the range from 50°C to 210°C, in particular cases, the temperature threshold is selected from the group: 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 1 40°C, 150°C.

An inscription with information about the threshold temperature was applied to the front side of the device. In particular cases, in addition to the threshold temperature, information on the date of expiration of the service life was also applied. In one of the embodiments, a marking was applied containing color, alphabetic, numeric or alphanumeric marking information. The heat-sensitive composition was applied by silk-screen printing in several layers, until a uniform opaque coating up to 0.8 mm thick was obtained. After each deposition, the layer was dried in air, either in a thermostatically controlled chamber at a temperature no higher than the threshold temperature, or in a vacuum until the light-boiling components were completely removed and the required microstructure was formed.

With this method of obtaining, the resulting thermosensitive material is represented by two continuous phases: solid and gas. At the same time, the obtained thermosensitive material in the initial state is opaque for at least part of the visible light, and when heated above the corresponding threshold temperature value, an irreversible change in the microstructure of the thermosensitive material occurs, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the development of the color of the base, and upon subsequent cooling, the transparency of the thermosensitive material does not return to its original values.

In preferred embodiments, the thermosensitive material is configured to detect local surface overheating by changing the color of only that part of the thermosensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature and maintaining the original color of the thermosensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature.

Depending on the nature of the solid organic matter, the form of the resulting particles of solid organic matter may be grains, crystals, fibers, flakes or conglomerates of these particles.

After application of the heat-sensitive material, the device is covered with an elastic protective film transparent at least for a part of visible light, which protects the device from external environmental influences, humidity, UV irradiation and mechanical damage, increases the service life of the device and prevents the heat-sensitive material from draining during the phase transition. Thus, the device is configured to register the excess of the threshold temperature of the conductive elements in the open air.

In a particular case, the elastic base 1 can be colored to perform additional marking of the phases of cables, mounting wires, harnesses and other elements of electrical equipment, and the color of the base is selected in accordance with GOST 28763-90, which establishes, in particular, color marking in the field of electrical engineering. The color of the elastic base 1 does not affect the visual registration of exceeding the threshold temperatures of the surface of the equipment, however, it provides the marking of the device, which is necessary to improve the overall safety of the operation of the equipment.

Also, in a particular case, a dye, including black, can be applied to the flexible base, in the area of the heat-sensitive material, before applying the heat-sensitive material. In one embodiment, at least 70% of the base area covered with the heat-sensitive material is dyed black.

The area of the heat-sensitive material can occupy from 3 to 97% of the area of the front surface of the base, preferably not less than 30% of the area of the front surface of the base, in a particular case, the surface area of the base covered with a heat-sensitive material is at least 100 mm ² , which allows detecting triggered devices from a long distance, and also allows you to detect spot heating of a large surface of installations.

The device works as follows.

On the surface of the equipment elements, for which temperature control must be ensured, including on elements with a radius of curvature of 2 mm or more, using the adhesive layer 4, from which the insulating film 3 is previously removed, a recording device is installed, which is a sticker with a layered structure 5 and transparent, as well as a transparent protective film 6. Until the heating of the surface of the equipment located under the thermosensitive material to the threshold temperature with a given accuracy, the thermosensitive material 2 remains opaque, thereby preserving the original appearance of the device. Upon reaching the threshold temperature with the stated accuracy, the thermosensitive material 2 undergoes a phase transition and changes its transparency, showing the color of the elastic base 1 under the thermosensitive material. During the subsequent cooling of the surface of the equipment, the area with the triggered thermosensitive material remains transparent and the appearance of the device does not return to its original state. The temperature threshold in the claimed utility model is recorded in the range of 5°C.

The numerical value of the threshold temperature 8 is applied on the front side of the elastic base, in particular cases the threshold temperature value can be applied in the zone free from the heat-sensitive material 2, but next to it, or on the base under the heat-sensitive material 2, in the latter case, after the melting of the heat-sensitive material, the color of the base and the numerical value of the threshold temperature appear.

Thus, when the surface temperature exceeds the threshold temperature, the person responsible for the equipment, without the use of additional devices, can register the fact of overheating of the surface of electrical equipment elements with a given accuracy by using the numerical temperature value printed on the front surface of the device.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the color transition "white-black" is used due to the use of an elastic base 1, painted black 7 in the area covered with a heat-sensitive material 2, which is white in its original state. Upon reaching the threshold temperature with the declared accuracy, the thermosensitive material 2 undergoes a phase transition and becomes transparent, making the black color of the colored zone 7 visible, which leads to a color transition with the highest possible contrast and ensures greater visibility of the triggered device.

The following are preferred embodiments of the claimed device, which are illustrative and do not in any way limit the scope of the claimed legal protection.

Examples

Example 1. General technology for the manufacture of the device

Preparation of a thermosensitive material: 100 g of an organic substance with a phase transition temperature corresponding to the threshold registration temperature in the range of 5°C was crushed to a size of 2–3 microns, 300 g of a 3–33% solution of a binder in water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, acetonitrile, or their mixtures were successively added, and stirred until a homogeneous mass. The suspension was immediately used to apply the composition.

For examples, as one of the possible versions of the device, halogen-containing polymer films of various colors were chosen, which are resistant to fire and electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm, as well as flexibility and strength, allowing them to be placed on uneven surfaces of complex geometry. The adhesive layer of the selected films provides an average adhesion value (FINAT TM 1, after 24 hours, stainless steel) of 10N/25 mm at 20°C. Acrylic glue was used for examples.

A pattern containing the value of the threshold response temperature in degrees Celsius was applied to the base with an adhesive layer using solvent dyes. The thermal composition was applied by silkscreen printing in 5-7 layers. Between applications, the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mm Hg and 20°C for at least one hour, or in a thermostat at a temperature not higher than the response temperature of the composition for at least three hours, or for 24 hours at room temperature. In the initial state, the heat-sensitive material is white. The device was covered with a transparent adhesive elastic protective film.

Example 2

Tetracosan with a phase transition temperature of 50°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polycaprolactone was used as a binder, and methanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was applied by silk screen printing to a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in a zone free of heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.6 mm, and its area was 30% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1 "C/sec to a temperature of 50°C with a given accuracy, and the fact of the device actuation was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermally sensitive material was 2 seconds. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that it did not come off.

Example 3

Ytterbium caprylate with a phase transition temperature of 60°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and a mixture of methanol with ethylene glycol methyl ether (50/50 vol.%) was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silkscreen printing on a red M-40 fluoroplastic film with an adhesive layer having a thickness of 0.7 mm without an adhesive layer, according to the method described in example 1, and the numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, and in the zone free from the heat-sensitive material, information on the service life was applied. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 40°C for three hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.8 mm, and its area was 97% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 60°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 4

Eicosanoic acid with a phase transition temperature of 70°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a heat-sensitive material according to example 1, melamine-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder, and a mixture of methanol with isobutanol (90/10 vol.%) was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk screen printing on a red vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.2 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied, as well as black paint. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.2 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of polyurethane modified with 15% trichloroisopropyl phosphate, 0.15 mm thick.

The device was glued at room temperature onto a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1 "C/sec to a temperature of 70°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that it did not come off.

Example 5

Dioctylphosphinic acid with a phase transition temperature of 80°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk screen printing on a film made of a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, green with reflective properties and an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.35 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied, as well as black paint. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.4 mm, and its area was 3% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 80°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 6

Yttrium behenate with a phase transition temperature of 90°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polybutyl methacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk screen printing on a polyvinylidene fluoride film dyed with an orange color with luminescent properties and an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied, as well as black paint. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 70°C for three hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.2 mm, and its area was 30% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature to a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1 "C/sec to a temperature of 90°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixing the increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 4 seconds. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that it did not come off.

Example 7

Lanthanum palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 100°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, gelatin was used as a binder, and isopropanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk screen printing on a polyester film modified with 6.5% hexabromocyclododecane, yellow with an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.3 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the zone of the heat-sensitive material before its application, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied, as well as black paint. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.5 mm, and its area was 30% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 100°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 8

Lanthanum nonadecynate with a phase transition temperature of 110°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, phenoxy resin was used as a binder, and ethylene glycol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.5 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.1 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 110°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 9

Lanthanum capronate with a phase transition temperature of 120°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyethylene was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.5 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the zone free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60°C for three hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.35 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature to a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1 "C/sec to a temperature of 120°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the thermosensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 3 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of transparency was visually recorded During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 10

Zinc nonadecanoate with a phase transition temperature of 130°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polycarbonate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.45 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the zone free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.02 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 130°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 11

Zinc palmitate with a phase transition temperature of 140°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, nitrocellulose was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.4 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the zone free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.45 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.03 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 140°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 12.

Zinc capronate with a phase transition temperature of 150°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyvinylidene fluoride was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.2 mm, as described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the zone free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60°C for three hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.3 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 150°C with a given accuracy, and the fact that the device actuated was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 13.

Lithium stearate with a phase transition temperature of 210°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polybutyl acrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.4 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.1 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 210°C with a given accuracy, and the fact that the device actuated was recorded by visually recording an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 14

Yttrium capronate with a phase transition temperature of 55°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polyethersulfone was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.25 mm, by the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.25 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 55°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 3 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 15

n-hexadecyl-n-pentyl hydrogen phosphate with a phase transition temperature of 40°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, ethyl cellulose was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.3 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 40°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was less than 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 16

Palmitic acid anhydride with a phase transition temperature of 60°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polymethacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.35 mm, as described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the zone free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 40°C for three hours. The thickness of the layer of heat-sensitive material was 0.55 mm, and its area was 70% of the area of the front surface of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.02 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 60°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 17

Erucamide with a phase transition temperature of 80°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polycarbonate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.65 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.75 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.03 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 80°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 4 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 17

1-tetradecanol with a phase transition temperature of 40°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polybutyl acrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The suspension was applied by silk screen printing on a self-adhesive film of chloroprene rubber on a black siliconized base with an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.1 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in the zone free from heat-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.15 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 40°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was less than 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 18.

Docosannitrile with a phase transition temperature of 55°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, polybutyl methacrylate was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was screen-printed onto a black Oramask 831 PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without adhesive layer of 0.15 mm, according to the method described in Example 1, with a numerical value of the threshold temperature being applied in the area free from heat-sensitive material. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 5, between applications the composition was dried for 24 hours at room temperature. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.25 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 55°C with a given accuracy, and the actuation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 19.

As an organic substance for the preparation of thermosensitive material according to example 1, n-docosylamine was used with a phase transition temperature of 65°C, polyvinyl butyral was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The slurry was applied by silk screen printing onto a black OraJet 3106SG PVC film with an adhesive layer having a thickness without an adhesive layer of 0.55 mm, according to the method described in example 1, and in a zone free from a temperature-sensitive material, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 7, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the thermosensitive material layer was 0.75 mm. The size of the front surface of the sticker - 12×12 mm (area - 144 mm ² ), the size of the layer of heat-sensitive material - 10 * 10 mm (area - 100 mm ² ). The device was covered with a transparent protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

The device was installed at room temperature on a flat surface of the heating element. Part of the heating element was heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 65°C with a given accuracy, while the rest of the heating element was not heated. The actuation of a part of the device that was subjected to heating was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the corresponding section of the heat-sensitive material with the development of the color of the base. After cooling the device to room temperature, the transparency of the corresponding area of the thermosensitive material was visually recorded. Then the heating element was fully heated at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 65°C with a given accuracy. The fact of complete operation of the device was recorded by visual fixation of an increase in the transparency of the entire layer of thermosensitive material with the development of the color of the base. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. During the heating and cooling cycles, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and did not come off.

Example 20.

The area of black OraJet 3951 PVC film with an adhesive layer, on which the heat-sensitive material will be applied, was sealed with a protective polyethylene film, the free area was covered with Tempilaq pigmented yellow thermal paint with a reversible color change temperature of 113°C. After the paint had dried, the protective polyethylene film was removed and, using solvent dyes, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied to the surface of the base containing the thermal paint. The thickness of the substrate containing the thermal paint was 0.45 mm. Then a protective polyethylene film was glued to the area where the heat-sensitive material should not fall, and the thermal composition was applied by silk-screen printing in 7 layers. After complete drying of the layer, the protective film was removed. Lanthanum nonadecynate with a phase transition temperature of 110°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a thermosensitive material according to example 1, butyl methacrylic resin was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a thermostat at a temperature of 60°C for three hours. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.6 mm, and its area was 70% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.05 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 115°C with a given accuracy and the fact of actuation of the zone of the thermosensitive material of the device with the development of the color of the base, as well as the fact of actuation of the thermal paint with a color change, was recorded. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 1 second. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the zone of the thermosensitive material and the return of the color of the thermal paint to its original color were visually recorded. During heating and after cooling, it was found that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and there was no peeling off.

Example 21.

The area of Oramask 831 red PVC film with an adhesive layer, on which the heat-sensitive material will be applied, was sealed with a protective polyethylene film, the free area was covered with Hallcrest SC pigmented yellow thermal paint with a temperature of irreversible color change of 80°C. After the paint had dried, the protective polyethylene film was removed and, using solvent dyes, a numerical value of the threshold temperature was applied to the surface of the base containing the thermal paint. The thickness of the substrate containing the thermal paint was 0.55 mm. Then, a protective polyethylene film was glued to the area where the heat-sensitive material should not get, covered this area with solvent black dye, and applied the thermal composition by silkscreen printing in 6 layers. After complete drying of the layer, the protective film was removed. Zinc capronate with a phase transition temperature of 150°C was used as an organic substance for the preparation of a heat-sensitive material according to example 1, phenol-formaldehyde resin was used as a binder, and ethanol was used as a solvent. The number of layers of thermosensitive material was 6, between applications the composition was dried in a vacuum chamber at 100 mmHg and 20°C for one hour. The thickness of the heat-sensitive material layer was 0.45 mm, and its area was 30% of the front surface area of the sticker. The device was covered with a transparent elastic protective film made of PVC with a thickness of 0.15 mm.

The device was glued at room temperature on a wavy surface with a radius of curvature of an individual bending element R=2 mm (Fig. 13a), which was then heated in a controlled manner at a rate of 1°C/sec to a temperature of 80°C with a given accuracy and the fact that the thermal paint actuated with a color change was recorded. Then the heating was continued to a temperature of 150°C and the fact of operation of the zone of the thermosensitive material of the device with the development of the color of the base was recorded. The time during which the phase transition occurred and the change in the transparency of the thermosensitive material was 2 seconds. After cooling the device to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the zone of the thermosensitive material was visually fixed, as well as the preservation of the changed color of the thermal paint. During heating and after cooling, it was revealed that the device was firmly fixed on the wavy surface of the heating element and that there was no peeling off.

Example 22.

To determine the elongation at break, the devices made according to examples 2-21 were glued onto rubber plates 1 cm thick, the linear dimensions of which were 1-3 cm larger than the linear dimensions of the corresponding devices on each side. Each sample was subjected to the following tests. One end of the rubber plate was tightly fastened together with the device glued to it, and a force was applied to the opposite ends of the plate and the device, the plate with the device was stretched by 10% of the corresponding initial size and fixed in this position. In a similar way, one of the remaining free ends of the plate and the device glued to it was tightly fixed, the plate with the device was stretched by opposite ends in the direction perpendicular to the initial stretch, and fixed in this position. At the same time, the preservation of tight adhesion of each device made according to examples 2-21 to the surface of the corresponding plate was established.

The stretched plate with the device was placed in a thermostat and heated in a controlled manner to the appropriate threshold temperature at a rate of 0.1°C/sec. The full operation of each device under test was recorded when the threshold temperature was reached with a given accuracy. After cooling to room temperature, the preservation of the transparency of the thermosensitive material was detected on each tested device. After the stretching was removed, the transparency of the temperature-sensitive material of each device under test, as well as the integrity of the device itself and the layer of temperature-sensitive material, were preserved.

The results of the tests carried out prove the achievement of a technical result, namely, an increase in the safety of operation of various equipment, including electrical equipment, due to the possibility of a snug fit of the device to surfaces of complex geometry, as well as to surfaces whose linear dimensions can increase within 10%, while maintaining the ability to accurately register the excess of threshold temperatures.

The utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment. For specialists, other embodiments of the utility model may be obvious, without changing its essence, as it is disclosed in the present description. Accordingly, the utility model should be considered not limited in scope by the description and examples.

Claims (22)

1. A device for registering threshold temperature exceedance, which is an elastic sticker having a layered structure, including: adhesive layer; colored elastic base containing at least 5 wt.% halogen atoms, which is applied information, including the numerical value of the recorded threshold temperature; heat-sensitive material deposited on a portion of the front surface of the base, made with the possibility of visual registration of overheating due to an irreversible change in transparency relative to the initial state when heated in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker, and including a solid organic substance with a structural fragment С _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5; an elastic protective film, transparent at least for a part of visible light, covering the front surface of the base and a heat-sensitive material, while the device is configured to maintain the function of visual registration of overheating in the range of ±5°C from the threshold temperature indicated on the sticker after its installation on a cylindrical surface, the minimum radius of curvature of which is 2 mm, and also after longitudinal and transverse stretching by 10% relative to the original size. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has dielectric properties, preferably has an electrical strength of at least 5 kV/mm. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the elastic base includes polymers containing a structural unit -CH ₂ CHCl-, mainly polyvinyl chloride, mainly cast polyvinyl chloride. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the elastic base is preferably not more than 0.7 mm, the thickness of the heat-sensitive material is preferably 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the transparent elastic film is preferably 0.15 mm. 5. Device according to claim 1, wherein the adhesion of the sticker to stainless steel, measured by the FINAT TM1 method, at 20°C is not less than 10H/25mm. 6. Device according to claim 1, in which the transparent elastic protective film is made of polyvinyl chloride, preferably cast polyvinyl chloride. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the elongation to break of the elastic backing is at least 10% and the elongation to break of the elastic backing film is at least 33%. 8. The device according to claim 1, in which the heat-sensitive material in the initial state has a microstructure, including a continuous solid phase and voids filled with a gas phase, and is configured to irreversibly change its appearance when the specified threshold temperature is reached due to the destruction of the microstructure of the heat-sensitive material, accompanied by the fusion of particles of solid organic matter, a decrease in the proportion of voids and an increase in its transparency with the development of the color of the base. 9. The device according to claim 1, in which the organic substance of the solid phase of the thermosensitive material is selected from the group: aliphatic fatty acids containing structural fragments With _n H _(2n+1) with n≥12; salts of aliphatic fatty acids containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5; alkanes containing at least 20 carbon atoms; dialkylphosphinic acids containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5; fatty aliphatic acid amides containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥5; aliphatic fatty acid anhydrides containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥10; fatty aliphatic alcohols containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥14; fatty aliphatic amines containing structural fragments C _n H _(2n+1) with n≥17; aliphatic fatty acid nitriles containing C _n H _(2n+1) structural fragments with n≥19. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic substance of the solid phase of the heat-sensitive material is selected from the group: palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, tetracosane, erucamide, stearic alcohol, cetyl alcohol, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, salts of saturated fatty carboxylic acids of rare earth metals, in particular lanthanum, yttrium, ytterbium, scandium. 11. The device according to claim 1, in which the mass content of solid organic matter containing a structural fragment C _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5, or groups of substances, each of which contains a structural fragment C _n H _(2n+1) , where n≥5, in a heat-sensitive material is at least 50 wt.%. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-sensitive material additionally contains a polymer binder transparent to at least part of the visible light in an amount of 1-30 wt.%. 13. The device according to claim 1, in which the temperature-sensitive material is configured to change transparency when heated to a temperature exceeding the threshold, for no more than 5 seconds. 14. The device according to claim 1, in which the threshold temperature is selected from the range of 50-210°C, mainly 50°C, 55°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C. 15. The device according to any one of claims 1, in which the coloring of the elastic base or the inscription is made with the possibility of marking electrical equipment elements or color marking phases. 16. The device according to claim 1, wherein the surface area of the substrate coated with the temperature-sensitive material is at least 100 mm ² . 17. The device according to claim 1, configured to register overheating of individual surface areas by changing the color of only that part of the thermosensitive material that was heated above the threshold temperature and maintaining the original color of the thermosensitive material that was not heated above the threshold temperature. 18. The device according to claim 1, in which the heat-sensitive material in the initial state is colored white, and when the transparency of the heat-sensitive material changes, a visual color transition of the corresponding part of the device surface occurs white-black. 19. The device according to claim 1, in which the elastic base has reflective properties. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is dyed using a substance having luminescent properties. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is dyed using a substance capable of reversibly changing color when heated. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the substrate is dyed with a substance capable of irreversibly changing color when heated.