WO2024070307A1 - タンク、およびレドックスフロー電池システム - Google Patents
タンク、およびレドックスフロー電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024070307A1 WO2024070307A1 PCT/JP2023/029713 JP2023029713W WO2024070307A1 WO 2024070307 A1 WO2024070307 A1 WO 2024070307A1 JP 2023029713 W JP2023029713 W JP 2023029713W WO 2024070307 A1 WO2024070307 A1 WO 2024070307A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- inner layer
- tank
- layer
- tank body
- peel strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
- B65D90/02—Wall construction
- B65D90/04—Linings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a tank for a redox flow battery in which an electrolyte is stored.
- Patent Document 1 describes lining the inner surface of a metal tank with a resin film.
- Patent Document 2 describes storing the tank in a container.
- the tank in Patent Document 2 is made of resin or rubber.
- the container is made of metal.
- the container is, for example, an international maritime cargo container that meets the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard. It is described that a coating layer made of resin or the like is provided on the inner surface of the container.
- the "metal tank” in Patent Document 1 and the “container” in Patent Document 2 may be referred to as the "tank body.”
- the "resin film” in Patent Document 1 and the “coating layer” in Patent Document 2 may be referred to as the "inner layer.”
- the tank of the present disclosure comprises: The tank body, An inner layer disposed on the inner surface of the tank body, The peel strength of the inner layer relative to the tank body is smaller than the break strength of the inner layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a redox flow battery system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the tank according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the structure of the tank according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for testing the peel strength of the inner layer in the tank according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is another diagram for explaining a method for testing the peel strength of the inner layer in the tank according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of the structure of the tank according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method for measuring the peel strength in the test example.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a tank that can prevent substances such as an electrolyte from leaking out of the tank. [Effects of this disclosure]
- the tank of the present disclosure can prevent substances such as electrolyte inside the tank from leaking out of the tank.
- a tank according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: The tank body, An inner layer disposed on the inner surface of the tank body, The peel strength of the inner layer relative to the tank body is smaller than the break strength of the inner layer.
- the peel strength of the inner layer is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer, so that even if a crack occurs in the tank body, the occurrence of a crack in the inner layer can be suppressed. This is because the inner layer peels off from the tank body before the inner layer breaks due to a crack that occurs in the tank body. Therefore, the tank of the present disclosure can suppress leakage of substances such as electrolyte inside the tank to the outside of the tank.
- the above-mentioned peel strength is an index of the adhesive strength between the tank body and the inner layer.
- the peel strength may be 500 MPa or less.
- the inner layer is likely to peel off from the tank body before the inner layer breaks.
- the material of the inner layer may be resin or rubber.
- the inner layer may have a thickness of 0.5 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- the tank body may be made of concrete or metal.
- the tank body is less likely to deteriorate over a long period of time.
- the flatness of the inner surface of the tank body may be 5 mm or less.
- the above configuration (6) allows the peel strength to be reduced, so that the inner layer is more likely to peel off from the tank body before it breaks.
- the tank body has a base and a primer layer provided on an inner surface of the base, The primer layer may form an inner surface of the tank body.
- the peel strength can be reduced, so that the inner layer is easily peeled off from the tank body before the inner layer breaks.
- the material of the primer layer may have different physical properties from the material of the inner layer.
- the primer layer and the inner layer are made of materials with different breaking elongations, so that the elongation states of each layer are different, and therefore even if a crack occurs in the tank body, the crack is unlikely to propagate to the inner layer.
- the battery includes a positive electrode tank for storing a positive electrode electrolyte and a negative electrode tank for storing a negative electrode electrolyte, At least one of the positive electrode tank and the negative electrode tank is any one of the tanks described in (1) to (9) above.
- the redox flow battery system disclosed herein is equipped with the tank disclosed herein, thereby preventing leakage of electrolyte from within the tank.
- the RF battery system 1 is a secondary battery of a circulation type.
- the RF battery system 1 performs charging and discharging by utilizing the difference between the oxidation-reduction potential of a positive electrode active material contained in a positive electrode electrolyte and the oxidation-reduction potential of a negative electrode active material contained in a negative electrode electrolyte.
- the positive electrode electrolyte contains a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material is, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of manganese ions, vanadium ions, iron ions, polyacids, quinone derivatives, and amines.
- the negative electrode electrolyte contains a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material is, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of titanium ions, vanadium ions, chromium ions, polyacids, quinone derivatives, and amines.
- a specific example of the electrolyte is one in which both the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte contain vanadium ions.
- the electrolyte is one in which the positive electrode electrolyte contains manganese ions and the negative electrode electrolyte contains titanium ions.
- the solvent for the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte is, for example, an aqueous solution containing one or more acids or acid salts selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid.
- the RF battery system 1 is typically connected to a power generation unit 8 and a load 9 via an AC/DC converter 7 and a substation 71.
- the RF battery system 1 is capable of charging the power generated by the power generation unit 8 and discharging the charged power to the load 9.
- the power generation unit 8 is a power generation facility that uses natural energy such as solar power generation or wind power generation, or other general power plants.
- the RF battery system 1 is used, for example, for load leveling applications, instantaneous sag compensation, emergency power supply applications, and output smoothing applications for natural energy power generation.
- the RF battery system 1 includes a battery cell 100, a positive electrode tank 2p, and a negative electrode tank 2n.
- the RF battery system 1 further includes a pipe 3p connecting the battery cell 100 and the positive electrode tank 2p, a pipe 3n connecting the battery cell 100 and the negative electrode tank 2n, and a pump 40 provided in each pipe 3p, 3n.
- the positive electrode tank 2p stores positive electrode electrolyte.
- the negative electrode tank 2n stores negative electrode electrolyte.
- the positive electrode electrolyte circulates between the positive electrode tank 2p and the battery cell 100 through the pipe 3p.
- the negative electrode electrolyte circulates between the negative electrode tank 2n and the battery cell 100 through the pipe 3n.
- the battery cell 100 includes a positive electrode 104, a negative electrode 105, and a diaphragm 101.
- the diaphragm 101 is disposed between the positive electrode 104 and the negative electrode 105.
- the battery cell 100 is separated into a positive electrode cell 102 and a negative electrode cell 103 by the diaphragm 101.
- the positive electrode 104 is disposed in the positive electrode cell 102.
- the negative electrode 105 is disposed in the negative electrode cell 103.
- a positive electrode electrolyte is supplied to the positive electrode cell 102.
- a negative electrode electrolyte is supplied to the negative electrode cell 103.
- the configuration of the battery cell 100 can be any known configuration as appropriate.
- Pipes 3p and 3n have the same configuration.
- Each pipe 3p, 3n includes a first pipe 31 and a second pipe 32.
- a pump 40 is provided in the first pipe 31.
- the pump 40 circulates the electrolyte in the tanks 2p, 2n to the battery cell 100.
- the first pipe 31 in pipe 3p is a pipe that sends the cathode electrolyte from the cathode tank 2p to the battery cell 100.
- the second pipe 32 in pipe 3p is a pipe that returns the cathode electrolyte from the battery cell 100 to the cathode tank 2p. That is, the cathode electrolyte is supplied to the cathode cell 102 from the cathode tank 2p through the first pipe 31.
- the cathode electrolyte discharged from the cathode cell 102 is returned to the cathode tank 2p through the second pipe 32.
- the first pipe 31 in pipe 3n is a pipe that sends the anode electrolyte from the anode tank 2n to the battery cell 100.
- the second pipe 32 in the pipe 3n is a pipe that returns the negative electrode electrolyte from the battery cell 100 to the negative electrode tank 2n. That is, the negative electrode electrolyte is supplied to the negative electrode cell 103 from the negative electrode tank 2n through the first pipe 31.
- the negative electrode electrolyte discharged from the negative electrode cell 103 is returned to the negative electrode tank 2n through the second pipe 32.
- the RF battery system 1 may be configured to include a single battery cell 100 or multiple battery cells 100.
- the system includes a cell stack 200 in which multiple battery cells 100 are stacked.
- the cell stack 200 is configured by repeatedly stacking a cell frame 120, a positive electrode 104, a diaphragm 101, and a negative electrode 105 in this order.
- End plates 210 are disposed on both ends of the cell stack 200.
- the cell stack 200 is integrated by clamping the end plates 210 with clamping members 230.
- the cell stack 200 can be configured in a known manner as appropriate.
- the cell frame 120 has a bipolar plate 121 and a frame body 122.
- the bipolar plate 121 is disposed between the positive electrode 104 and the negative electrode 105.
- the frame body 122 is provided around the bipolar plate 121.
- a recess is formed inside the frame body 122 by the bipolar plate 121 and the frame body 122.
- the recesses are provided on both sides of the bipolar plate 121.
- the positive electrode 104 and the negative electrode 105 are respectively housed in each recess, with the bipolar plate 121 sandwiched between them.
- a battery cell 100 is formed by arranging a positive electrode 104 and a negative electrode 105 between the bipolar plates 121 of adjacent cell frames 120 with a membrane 101 sandwiched between them.
- An annular sealing member 127 is arranged between the frames 122 of each cell frame 120.
- the number of stacked battery cells 100 in the cell stack 200 can be selected as appropriate.
- the frame 122 has a liquid supply manifold that supplies each electrolyte solution and a liquid discharge manifold that discharges each electrolyte solution.
- Each manifold is provided to penetrate the frame 122, and the cell frames 120 are stacked to form flow paths for each electrolyte solution. Each of these flow paths is connected to the first pipe 31 and the second pipe 32, respectively.
- the tank 2 according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
- the tank 2 according to the embodiment is a positive electrode tank 2p and a negative electrode tank 2n provided in the RF battery system 1 shown in FIG. 1.
- the tank 2 includes a tank body 10 and an inner layer 20.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tank 2 cut in the vertical direction. This vertical direction is a direction from the top surface of the tank 2 toward the bottom of the tank 2.
- the pipes 3p, 3n, etc. shown in FIG. 1 are omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing an enlarged part of the cross section of the tank 2 shown in FIG. 2.
- the tank 2 stores an electrolyte 5, which is either a positive electrode electrolyte or a negative electrode electrolyte.
- an electrolyte 5 which is either a positive electrode electrolyte or a negative electrode electrolyte.
- One of the features of the tank 2 is that the peel strength of the inner layer 20 with respect to the tank body 10 is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20. Since the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20, even if a crack occurs in the tank body 10, the occurrence of a crack in the inner layer 20 can be suppressed. Since cracks are less likely to occur in the inner layer 20, the inner layer 20 is less likely to break. Therefore, leakage of the electrolyte 5 in the tank 2 can be suppressed.
- the more electrolyte 5 stored in the tank 2 the greater the battery capacity.
- the volume of the tank 2 can be appropriately selected according to the battery capacity of the RF battery system 1.
- the volume of the tank 2 is, for example, 10 m3 or more.
- the tank body 10 is a structure that constitutes the tank 2.
- the tank body 10 plays a role in supporting the force applied to the tank 2.
- the tank body 10 has the strength to maintain the shape of the tank 2 even when the electrolyte 5 is stored therein.
- the tank body 10 shown in Fig. 2 includes a bottom, a top surface, and a wall. The wall connects the bottom and the top surface.
- the tank body 10 is made of a durable material that is resistant to deterioration over a long period of time.
- the material of the tank body 10 is, for example, concrete or metal. Concrete here includes reinforced concrete.
- Metal is, for example, iron, iron alloy, aluminum, or aluminum alloy. Iron alloy includes steel such as carbon steel or stainless steel.
- the tank body 10 made of concrete makes it easier to construct a tank 2 with a large volume.
- the tank body 10 made of concrete allows for cost reduction compared to a tank body 10 made of metal.
- the cost of the tank body 10 is basically determined by the amount of material used. The larger the volume of the tank 2, the more advantageous it is to construct the tank body 10 from concrete in terms of cost reduction.
- an existing container can be used as the metal tank body 10.
- a specific example of an existing container is an international maritime cargo container that complies with ISO standards. Generally, these containers are made of carbon steel, such as general structural rolled steel.
- the inner layer 20 is disposed on the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10.
- the inner layer 20 is bonded to the tank body 10.
- the inner layer 20 has an adhesive portion 21 on a surface facing the inner surface 11.
- the inner layer 20 is bonded to the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 by the adhesive portion 21.
- the inner layer 20 has a surface facing the internal space of the tank 2.
- the inner layer 20 plays a role in suppressing corrosion of the tank body 10 by the electrolytic solution 5.
- the inner layer 20 may be provided at least in a portion that contacts the electrolytic solution 5.
- the inner layer 20 may be provided so as to cover the entire inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the inner layer 20 may be provided so as to cover the entire inner surface of the bottom, the inner surface of the wall, and the inner surface of the top surface of the tank body 10. In this embodiment, the inner layer 20 is in direct contact with the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 as shown in FIG. 3.
- the inner layer 20 is made of a material that is electrically insulating and resistant to the electrolyte 5.
- the material of the inner layer 20 is, for example, resin or rubber.
- the resin here includes fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) in which resin and fiber are composited.
- the resin constituting the inner layer 20 is, for example, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), unsaturated polyester, phenol, vinyl ester, polypropylene, nylon, or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin (ABS).
- the rubber constituting the inner layer 20 is, for example, ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) or fluororubber (FKM).
- the fiber contained in the FRP is, for example, at least one of glass fiber and carbon fiber.
- the thickness of the inner layer 20 is, for example, 0.5 mm or more and 20 mm or less.
- the thickness of the inner layer 20 may further be 1 mm or more and 15 mm or less, or 2 mm or more and 10 mm or less.
- the inner layer 20 can be formed by, for example, a coating method.
- a coating method or a spraying method can be used as the coating method.
- the inner layer 20 is formed by applying or spraying a material such as a resin constituting the inner layer 20 in a molten state to the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 and then solidifying the material. The coating or spraying is repeated until the inner layer 20 reaches a predetermined thickness.
- the inner layer 20 is formed by a coating method, the inner layer 20 is bonded to the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 by the adhesive force of the resin contained in the inner layer 20. In this case, the inner layer 20 itself has adhesive force, and the adhesive portion 21 is formed on the surface facing the inner surface 11.
- the adhesive portion 21 may be formed by the constituent material of the inner layer 20 itself.
- the portion of the inner layer 20 in contact with the inner surface 11 constitutes the adhesive portion 21.
- the inner layer 20 made of FRP may be formed by applying a mixed material in which short fibers are mixed with resin, or by repeatedly applying resin and attaching a fiber sheet.
- the inner layer 20 is formed by a coating method.
- the inner layer 20 may be formed by adhering a sheet made of a material such as a resin that constitutes the inner layer 20 to the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 with an adhesive.
- an adhesive layer (not shown) is formed on the surface of the inner layer 20 that faces the inner surface 11, so that the inner layer 20 is adhered to the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 with the adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer is disposed between the tank body 10 and the inner layer 20. That is, the adhesive layer is disposed on the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10, and the inner layer 20 is disposed on the adhesive layer.
- the material of the adhesive layer is different from the material of the inner layer 20.
- the inner layer 20 When the inner layer 20 is adhered to the tank body 10 with an adhesive layer, the inner layer 20 itself does not need to have adhesive power.
- the inner layer 20 includes a base layer and an adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer constitutes the adhesive portion 21.
- the adhesive layer is made of an adhesive.
- the adhesive is, for example, a two-liquid reactive epoxy adhesive or a silicone elastic adhesive.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 with respect to the tank body 10 is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20.
- the peel strength is the strength at which the inner layer 20 peels off from the tank body 10 when the inner layer 20 is pulled in a direction along the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10.
- the breaking strength is the strength at which the inner layer 20 breaks when the inner layer 20 is pulled in a direction along the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10.
- the direction along the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 is a direction parallel to the inner surface 11.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20, so that even if a crack occurs in the tank body 10, the occurrence of a crack in the inner layer 20 can be suppressed.
- the reason is as follows. When a crack occurs in the tank body 10, the inner layer 20 is pulled in the direction in which the crack opens. In other words, a tensile load in a direction along the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 acts on the inner layer 20 due to a crack that occurs in the tank body 10. If the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20, the inner layer 20 peels off from the tank body 10 before it breaks due to the tensile load.
- a crack that occurs in the tank body 10 is unlikely to progress to the inner layer 20.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is equal to or greater than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20, the inner layer 20 does not peel off from the tank body 10 due to the tensile load, and a crack occurs in the inner layer 20.
- the peel strength is, for example, greater than 0 and less than 500 MPa. When the peel strength is less than 500 MPa, the inner layer 20 is easily peeled off from the tank body 10. The peel strength may further be less than 300 MPa or less than 100 MPa. The peel strength is a value greater than 0, and may be strong enough to support the inner layer 20 against the tank body 10. The lower limit of the peel strength is, for example, 1 MPa. When the peel strength is 1 MPa or more, the inner layer 20 is easily maintained in a state supported by the tank body 10. The peel strength may be, for example, 1 MPa or more and less than 500 MPa, 2 MPa or more and less than 300 MPa, 3 MPa or more and less than 150 MPa, or 3 MPa or more and less than 100 MPa. The peel strength was measured according to the measurement of peel strength described in Test Example 1 described later.
- the upper limit of the peel strength may be in a range smaller than the breaking strength, and may vary depending on the material of the inner layer 20.
- the peel strength may be, for example, less than 35 MPa, or even 30 MPa or less.
- the peel strength may be, for example, less than 60 MPa, or even 50 MPa or less.
- the peel strength may be, for example, less than 500 MPa, or even 300 MPa or less.
- the peel strength may be, for example, less than 20 MPa, or even 15 MPa or less.
- the peel strength may be, for example, less than 20 MPa, or even 15 MPa or less.
- the breaking strength of the inner layer 20 varies depending on the material of the inner layer 20.
- the breaking strength of the inner layer 20 made of PE is, for example, in the range of 20 MPa to 35 MPa.
- the breaking strength of the inner layer 20 made of PVC is, for example, in the range of 40 MPa to 60 MPa.
- the breaking strength of the inner layer 20 made of FRP is, for example, in the range of 300 MPa to 500 MPa.
- the breaking strength of the inner layer 20 made of EPDM is, for example, in the range of 5 MPa to 20 MPa.
- the breaking strength of the inner layer 20 made of FKM is, for example, in the range of 7 MPa to 20 MPa.
- the breaking strengths were measured according to the breaking strength measurement described in Test Example 1 below.
- the flatness of the inner surface 11 can be reduced, for example, by smoothing the inner surface 11 by polishing or the like. From the viewpoint of reducing the peel strength, the flatness of the inner surface 11 is, for example, 5 mm or less. The flatness of the inner surface 11 may further be 4 mm or less, or 2 mm or less.
- the flatness referred to here is the flatness in a 100 mm square area.
- a 100 mm square means a square with one side of 100 mm.
- the flatness is measured in accordance with JIS B 0621:1984 "Definition and indication of geometric deviation".
- the peel strength will be small. Also, as described above, if the inner layer 20 is adhered to the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 by an adhesive layer, the peel strength will be small due to the small adhesive strength of the adhesive layer. If the adhesive strength of the adhesive layer is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20, when the tensile load is applied, interfacial failure will occur at the interface between the inner layer 20 and the adhesive layer, or at the interface between the tank body 10 and the adhesive layer, making it easier for the inner layer 20 to peel off from the tank body 10. The breaking strength of the adhesive layer may be smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20. In this case, when the tensile load is applied, the adhesive layer itself will undergo cohesive failure, making it easier for the inner layer 20 to peel off from the tank body 10.
- Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a part of the cross section of the tank 2 shown in Fig. 2, as in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5 is a view of the tank 2 shown in Fig. 2 from the inside. That is, Fig. 5 is a view of the surface of the inner layer 20 from the front.
- the cross section of the part IV-IV in Fig. 5 corresponds to Fig. 4.
- the peel strength test is performed as follows. As shown in Fig.
- a 100 mm square area A is selected from the surface of the inner layer 20.
- the inner layer 20 around the area A is removed to separate the inner layer 20 in the area A from the inner layer 20 outside the area A.
- the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 is exposed in the part where the inner layer 20 has been removed.
- the area A is divided in half, and a jig 6 is fixed to one half of the area A.
- the region A is divided into left and right halves, and the jig 6 is fixed to the right half.
- the right half of the region A to which the jig 6 is fixed is hatched.
- the jig 6 is fixed to half of the region A by, for example, an adhesive.
- This adhesive is an adhesive whose adhesive strength between the jig 6 and the region A is sufficiently higher than the peel strength between the tank body 10 and the inner layer 20.
- the jig 6 is moved at a constant speed in a direction parallel to the inner surface 11 to pull the inner layer 20 of the region A. As shown in FIG. 5, when the jig 6 is fixed to the right half of the region A, the jig 6 is moved to the right.
- the jig 6 may be fixed to the left half of the region A. In that case, the jig 6 is moved to the left.
- the region A may be divided into upper and lower halves, and the jig 6 may be fixed to the upper half or lower half. When the jig 6 is fixed to the upper half of the region A, the jig 6 is moved upward. When the jig 6 is fixed to the lower half of the region A, the jig 6 is moved downward.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is deemed to be smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is deemed to be the maximum tensile load until the inner layer 20 in region A peels off divided by the area of region A.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 is deemed to be equal to or greater than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20. In this case, part of the inner layer 20 in region A remains on the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10.
- the tank body 10 may have a primer layer 15.
- the tank body 10 includes a base 10a and a primer layer 15, and the primer layer 15 constitutes the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10.
- the material of the base 10a and the material of the primer layer 15 are different.
- the base 10a is made of the material of the tank body 10 described above.
- the primer layer 15 is made of a resin, as described later.
- the primer layer 15 is provided on the inner surface of the base 10a.
- the primer layer 15 has a surface facing the inner layer 20.
- the inner layer 20 is disposed on the surface of the primer layer 15.
- the primer layer 15 is located below the inner layer 20, and the primer layer 15 is disposed between the tank body 10 and the inner layer 20.
- the main role of the primer layer 15 is to facilitate peeling of the inner layer 20 from the tank body 10, i.e., to reduce the peel strength.
- the material of the primer layer 15 is, for example, a resin.
- the resin constituting the primer layer 15 is, for example, epoxy (EP), acrylic (PMMA), polyester (PET), polyacetal (POM), fluororesin (PTFE), or polyurethane (PUR).
- EP, PMMA, or PET have excellent smoothness, so that the primer layer 15 having high smoothness can be formed.
- POM or PTFE have excellent lubricity, so that the primer layer 15 having high lubricity can be formed.
- the primer layer 15 made of PUR has low strength. When the tensile load is applied, the primer layer 15 undergoes cohesive failure, so that the inner layer 20 is likely to peel off from the tank body 10.
- the material of the primer layer 15 may have different physical properties from the material of the inner layer 20.
- the physical properties are, for example, breaking elongation and tensile strength.
- breaking elongation of the primer layer 15 and the inner layer 20 differ, for example, if the breaking elongation of the primer layer 15 material is less than the breaking elongation of the inner layer 20 material, the inner layer 20 is relatively easy to stretch, so even if a crack in the tank body 10 propagates to the primer layer 15, the inner layer 20 is stretched, and therefore the crack in the tank body 10 is unlikely to propagate to the primer layer 15.
- the breaking elongation of the primer layer 15 material is greater than the breaking elongation of the inner layer 20 material, the primer layer 15 is relatively easy to stretch, so the primer layer 15 is stretched, and therefore the crack in the tank body 10 is unlikely to propagate to the primer layer 15. As a result, the crack is unlikely to progress from the primer layer 15 to the inner layer 20. It is also expected that the electrolyte 5 leaking from the crack can be retained in the stretched primer layer 15.
- the primer layer 15 tends to be relatively easy to stretch, so that the cracks in the tank body 10 are less likely to propagate to the primer layer 15 due to the stretching of the primer layer 15.
- the above-mentioned cracks are less likely to progress from the primer layer 15 to the inner layer 20. It is also expected that the electrolyte 5 leaking from the cracks can be retained in the stretched primer layer 15.
- the inner layer 20 tends to be relatively easy to stretch, so that even if a crack in the tank body 10 propagates to the primer layer 15, the inner layer 20 stretches, so that the cracks are less likely to propagate to the inner layer 20.
- the material of the primer layer 15 can be appropriately selected so as to satisfy such a relationship of physical properties with the material of the inner layer 20. That is, the physical property values of the material of the primer layer 15 and the material of the inner layer 20 are different, so that an interface between the primer layer 15 and the inner layer 20 exists between the primer layer 15 and the inner layer 20.
- a combination of the material of the inner layer 20 and the material of the primer layer 15 that satisfies the relationship of the breaking elongation of the material of the primer layer 15 ⁇ the breaking elongation of the material of the inner layer 20 is, for example, the material of the inner layer 20 being the above-mentioned resin, and the material of the primer layer 15 being rubber such as EPDM or FKM.
- the material of the inner layer 20 is a composite of resin and fiber, and the material of the primer layer 15 is only resin that does not contain fiber.
- the material of the inner layer 20 is resin
- the material of the primer layer 15 is resin having a breaking elongation larger than that of the resin constituting the inner layer.
- the combination of the material of the inner layer 20 and the material of the primer layer 15 that satisfies the relationship that the breaking elongation of the material of the primer layer 15 is greater than the breaking elongation of the material of the inner layer 20 is the reverse combination of the above.
- breaking elongation of each material is listed below in the form of "material name: breaking elongation”.
- Polyethylene 10 to 1200%, polyvinyl chloride: 40 to 450%, fiber reinforced resin: about 0.1 to 10% depending on the type of resin and fiber ratio, EPDM: 100 to 800%, fluororubber: 100 to 500%, epoxy: 3 to 6%, acrylic: 2 to 7%, polyester: 20 to 50%, polyacetal: 12 to 75%, fluororesin: 80 to 400%, polyurethane: 100 to 10,000%, unsaturated polyester: 1 to 6%, phenol: 0.4 to 2%, vinyl ester: 25 to 120%, polypropylene: 100 to 600%, nylon: 30 to 200%, ABS: 1.5 to 80%.
- the breaking elongation is EPDM>(PET, PE, PVC)>FRP.
- the tensile strength is EPDM ⁇ (PET, PE, PVC) ⁇ FRP.
- the thickness of the primer layer 15 is, for example, 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the primer layer 15 may be small as long as the primer layer 15 can perform its function. If the thickness of the primer layer 15 is 0.1 mm or more, the inner surface 11 of the tank body 10 is easily smoothed. If the thickness of the inner layer 20 is 5 mm or less, the material and cost of the primer layer 15 can be reduced.
- the thickness of the primer layer 15 may further be 0.5 mm or more and 2 mm or less.
- the primer layer 15 can be formed by, for example, a coating method.
- the coating method is the same as that for the inner layer 20, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- test piece T2 shown in Figure 7 is prepared.
- the test piece T2 has a first member T10 that simulates the tank body, and a second member T20 that simulates the inner layer.
- the area of each of the first member T10 and the second member T20 is 100 mm square.
- the first member T10 and the second member T20 overlap within an area of 100 mm width x 10 mm length.
- the remaining portion of the first member T10 which is 100 mm width x 90 mm length, does not overlap with the second member T20.
- the test piece T2 is prepared as follows.
- a first member T10 and an auxiliary substrate (not shown) are prepared.
- the area of the auxiliary substrate is 100 mm wide x 90 mm long.
- the thickness of the auxiliary substrate is the same as that of the first member T10.
- the 100 mm end faces of the first member T10 and the auxiliary substrate are butted against each other, and the first member T10 and the auxiliary substrate are arranged so that they are adjacent to each other.
- a masking film is applied to the surface of the first member T10, except for a range of 100 mm wide x 10 mm long from the side that contacts the auxiliary substrate.
- a masking film is applied to the entire surface of the auxiliary substrate.
- the masking film is made of a material with excellent peelability.
- the material of the second member T20 is applied in series to the surfaces of the first member T10 and the auxiliary substrate, and the material is then solidified. This process is repeated until the second member T20 has a predetermined thickness. After the second member T20 is formed, the auxiliary substrate is removed. The second member formed in the area of the first member T10 covered by the masking film is cut and removed together with the masking film. In this manner, the test piece T2 can be produced.
- test pieces No. 1 to No. 7, and No. 101 and No. 102 were prepared.
- the specifications of each sample are shown in Table 1.
- C for the material of the first member indicates reinforced concrete
- S for carbon steel.
- the thickness of the reinforced concrete is 50 mm.
- the thickness of the carbon steel is 10 mm.
- the carbon steel is a rolled material.
- the flatness indicates the flatness in a 100 mm square area on the surface of the first member.
- the material of the second member, "FRP,” is a mixture of PVC and short glass fibers.
- the surfaces of the first member T10 of the test pieces of samples No. 1 and No. 7 were mechanically polished.
- the surfaces of the first member T10 of the test pieces other than samples No. 1 and No. 7 were not mechanically polished.
- the surfaces of the first member T10 of the test pieces of samples No. 2 to No. 6 and No. 8 are provided with a primer layer 15 shown in FIG. 6 on the surface of the first member T10.
- the primer layer 15 is formed before the material of the second member T20 is applied.
- the primer layer 15 is formed by applying the material of the primer layer 15 to the surface of the first member T10 and then solidifying the material. This process is repeated until the primer layer 15 reaches the specified thickness.
- the peel strength of the second member was measured for each test piece of the sample.
- the peel strength was measured as follows.
- the first member T10 and the second member T20 were clamped and a tensile test was performed. In the tensile test, the first member T10 and the second member T20 were pulled in a direction in which the first member T10 and the second member T20 are separated along the surface of the first member T10.
- the maximum tensile load until the second member T20 peels off from the first member T10 was measured. If the second member T20 breaks without peeling off from the first member T10, it is considered unmeasurable. In this case, it can be said that the peel strength of the second member T20 is greater than the breaking strength.
- the maximum tensile load divided by the area where the first member T10 and the second member T20 overlap is taken as the peel strength of the second member.
- the peelability of the second member T20 to the first member T10 was evaluated for each test piece of the sample. The peelability was evaluated as "A" when the second member T20 peeled from the first member T10 without breaking in the tensile test, and as "B" when the second member T20 broke without peeling.
- the peel strength and peelability evaluation of the second member of each sample are shown in Table 1.
- the peel strength of the inner layer does not have to be measured by the method shown in Figures 4 and 5, and may be substituted by a simulation test using test piece T2 shown in Figure 7.
- Samples No. 1 to No. 8 were all rated an A for peelability. Samples No. 101 and 102 were rated a B for peelability. Comparing Samples No. 1 and No. 101, and Samples No. 7 and No. 102, it appears that the flatness of the inner surface of the tank body should preferably be 5 mm or less.
- the peel strength of the inner layer 20 against the tank body 10 is smaller than the breaking strength of the inner layer 20, but it is also possible to specifically show the difference between the peel strength of the inner layer 20 and the breaking strength of the inner layer 20.
- the difference varies depending on the material of the inner layer 20.
- the difference may be 5 MPa or more, 10 MPa or more, or even 15 MPa or more.
- the difference may be 15 MPa or more, 20 MPa or more, or even 30 MPa or more.
- the difference may be 130 MPa or more, 150 MPa or more, or even 180 MPa or more.
- the difference may be 3 MPa or more, 5 MPa or more.
- breaking strength/peel strength The ratio of breaking strength to peel strength is shown below based on Table 1.
- the ratio may be 2.0 or more, 2.5 or more, or even 2.8 or more.
- the ratio may be 1.8 or more, 2.0 or more, or even 2.5 or more.
- the ratio may be 1.5 or more, 1.8 or more, or even 2.0 or more.
- the ratio may be 1.1 or more, or 1.3 or more.
- samples No. 2 to No. 6 and No. 8, which have a primer layer 15 which have a primer layer 15, the material of the primer layer 15 is different from the material of the inner layer 20.
- the physical properties of the material of the primer layer 15 are also different from the physical properties of the material of the inner layer 20.
- the breaking elongation of the material of the primer layer 15 is different from that of the inner layer 20.
- the breaking elongation of the material of the primer layer 15 is greater than that of the material of the inner layer 20. In these samples, it is expected that even if a crack occurs in the tank body 10, it will not easily progress to the inner layer 20.
- the breaking elongation of the material of the inner layer 20 is greater than that of the primer layer 15.
- the tensile strength of the material of the primer layer 15 is greater than the tensile strength of the material of the inner layer 20.
- the method for measuring the flatness does not have to be in accordance with the above-mentioned JIS B 0621:1984 "Definition and indication of geometric deviation", and may be as follows.
- the flatness shown in Table 1 was measured as follows. (1) The inner layer is removed from the inner surface of the tank body to expose the inner surface of the tank body. (2) Place a separately prepared flat plate measuring 100 mm square in contact with the inner surface of the tank body. (3) Measure any gap that may occur between the flat plate and the inner surface of the tank body. (4) The maximum value of the above gap is defined as the flatness.
- the present disclosure includes the following embodiments.
- (Appendix 1) The tank body, An inner layer disposed on the inner surface of the tank body, The inner layer includes a lower layer provided on the surface of the tank body and an upper layer provided on the lower layer, A tank, wherein the physical properties of the material of the lower layer are different from the physical properties of the material of the upper layer.
- (Appendix 2) The tank body, An inner layer disposed on the inner surface of the tank body, The inner layer includes a lower layer provided on the surface of the tank body and an upper layer provided so as to sandwich the lower layer between the tank body, A tank, wherein the physical properties of the material of the lower layer are different from the physical properties of the material of the upper layer.
- (Appendix 3) The tank described in (Appendix 1) or (Appendix 2), wherein the breaking elongation of the material of the lower layer is different from the breaking elongation of the material of the upper layer.
- (Appendix 4) A tank described in any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 3), wherein the peel strength of the upper layer relative to the lower layer is less than the breaking strength of the upper layer.
- the lower and upper layers have different physical properties, so even if a crack occurs in the tank body, the crack is less likely to propagate to the upper layer due to the influence of the interface between the lower and upper layers, compared to when the physical properties are the same.
- the peel strength of the upper layer relative to the lower layer is smaller than the breaking strength of the upper layer, so that even if a crack occurs in the tank body, the occurrence of a crack in the upper layer can be suppressed. This is because the upper layer is likely to peel off at the interface between the upper and lower layers before the upper layer breaks due to a crack that occurs in the tank body. Therefore, the tank of (Appendix 4) can suppress substances such as electrolyte inside the tank from leaking out of the tank.
- the above peel strength is an index of the adhesive strength between the lower and upper layers.
- the primer layer 15 shown in the explanation of FIG. 6 above can correspond to the lower layer
- the inner layer 20 can correspond to the upper layer.
- the material of the primer layer 15 can be used for the lower layer
- the material of the inner layer 20 can be used for the upper layer.
- the upper layer material is a resin and the lower layer material is a rubber such as EPDM or FKM.
- the upper layer material is a composite of resin and fiber
- the lower layer material is only a resin that does not contain fiber.
- the upper layer material is a resin
- the lower layer material is a resin that has a breaking elongation larger than the resin that composes the upper layer.
- the primer layer can correspond to the lower layer
- the inner layer can correspond to the upper layer.
- the material of the lower layer is different from the material of the upper layer that corresponds to the inner layer. In such samples, it is expected that even if a crack occurs in the tank body 10, it will not easily progress to the upper layer.
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Abstract
Description
タンク本体と、
前記タンク本体の内面に配置された内層とを備え、
前記タンク本体に対する前記内層の剥離強度は、前記内層の破断強度よりも小さい。
地震などによってタンクが予期しない衝撃力を受けた場合、タンク本体に亀裂が発生するおそれがある。タンク本体に発生した亀裂が内層まで進展すると、タンク内の電解液が亀裂から漏れ出る可能性がある。
[本開示の効果]
本開示のタンクは、タンク内の電解液などの物質がタンク外に漏れることを抑制できる。
最初に本開示の実施態様を列記して説明する。
タンク本体と、
前記タンク本体の内面に配置された内層とを備え、
前記タンク本体に対する前記内層の剥離強度は、前記内層の破断強度よりも小さい。
前記剥離強度が500MPa以下であってもよい。
(3)上記(1)または(2)のタンクにおいて、
前記内層の材質が樹脂またはゴムであってもよい。
(4)上記(1)から(3)のいずれかのタンクにおいて、
前記内層の厚さが0.5mm以上20mm以下であってもよい。
(5)上記(1)から(4)のいずれかのタンクにおいて、
前記タンク本体の材質がコンクリートまたは金属であってもよい。
(6)上記(1)から(5)のいずれかのタンクにおいて、
前記タンク本体の内面の平面度が5mm以下であってもよい。
前記タンク本体は、基体と、前記基体の内側の表面に設けられたプライマ層を有し、
前記プライマ層が前記タンク本体の内面を構成していてもよい。
(8)上記(7)のタンクにおいて、
前記プライマ層の材質の物性値と前記内層の材質の物性値とが異なってもよい。
(9)上記(7)または(8)のタンクにおいて、
前記プライマ層の材質の破断伸びと前記内層の材質の破断伸びとが異なってもよい。
正極電解液が貯留される正極タンクと、負極電解液が貯留される負極タンクとを備え、
前記正極タンクおよび前記負極タンクの少なくとも一方は、上記(1)から(9)のいずれか1つのタンクである。
以下、図面を参照して、本開示の実施形態に係るタンク、およびレドックスフロー電池システムの具体例を説明する。図中の同一符号は同一または相当部分を示す。以下、レドックスフロー電池システムを「RF電池システム」と呼ぶ場合がある。
図1を参照して、実施形態に係るRF電池システム1について説明する。RF電池システム1は、電解液循環型の二次電池である。RF電池システム1は、正極電解液に含まれる正極活物質の酸化還元電位と負極電解液に含まれる負極活物質の酸化還元電位との差を利用して充電および放電を行う。
電池セル100は、正極電極104と負極電極105と隔膜101とを備える。隔膜101は正極電極104と負極電極105との間に配置される。電池セル100は、隔膜101によって正極セル102と負極セル103とに分離されている。正極電極104は正極セル102に配置されている。負極電極105は負極セル103に配置されている。正極セル102には正極電解液が供給される。負極セル103には負極電解液が供給される。電池セル100の構成は、公知の構成を適宜利用できる。
図2および図3を参照して、実施形態に係るタンク2について説明する。実施形態に係るタンク2は、図1に示すRF電池システム1に備える正極タンク2pおよび負極タンク2nである。タンク2は、図2に示すように、タンク本体10と、内層20とを備える。図2は、タンク2を縦方向に切断した断面図である。この縦方向は、タンク2の天面部からタンク2の底部に向かう方向である。図2では、図1に示す配管3p、3nなどは図示を省略している。図3は、図2に示すタンク2の断面の一部を拡大して示す図である。タンク2には、正極電解液および負極電解液のいずれか一方の電解液5が貯留されている。タンク2の特徴の一つは、タンク本体10に対する内層20の剥離強度が内層20の破断強度よりも小さい点にある。内層20の剥離強度が内層20の破断強度よりも小さいことで、タンク本体10に亀裂が発生したとしても、内層20に亀裂が発生することを抑制できる。内層20に亀裂が発生し難いことで、内層20が破断し難い。したがって、タンク2内の電解液5が漏れ出ることを抑制できる。
タンク本体10は、タンク2を構成する躯体である。タンク本体10は、タンク2に加わる力を支える役割を担っている。タンク本体10は、電解液5が貯留された状態であっても、タンク2の形状を維持する強度を有する。図2に示すタンク本体10は、底部と天面部と壁部とを備える。壁部は底部と天面部とをつなぐ。
タンク本体10は、長期にわたって劣化し難い耐久性を有する材料で構成されている。タンク本体10の材質は、例えば、コンクリートまたは金属である。ここでいうコンクリートには、鉄筋コンクリートも含まれる。金属は、例えば、鉄、鉄合金、アルミニウム、またはアルミニウム合金である。鉄合金には、炭素鋼またはステンレス鋼などの鋼が含まれる。
内層20は、タンク本体10の内面11に配置されている。内層20は、タンク本体10に接着されている。内層20は、内面11と向かい合う面に接着部21を有する。内層20は、接着部21によってタンク本体10の内面11に接着されている。内層20は、タンク2の内部空間に面する表面を有する。内層20は、電解液5によるタンク本体10の腐食を抑制する役割を担っている。内層20は、少なくとも電解液5と接触する部分に設けられていればよい。内層20は、図2に示すように、タンク本体10の内面11の全部を覆うように設けられていてもよい。つまり、内層20は、タンク本体10における底部の内面、壁部の内面、および天面部の内面の全てを覆うように設けられていてもよい。本実施形態では、図3に示すように、内層20がタンク本体10の内面11に直接接している。
内層20は、電気的絶縁性を有し、電解液5に対する耐性を有する材料で構成されている。内層20の材質は、例えば、樹脂またはゴムである。ここでいう樹脂には、樹脂と繊維とが複合化された繊維強化樹脂(FRP)も含まれる。内層20を構成する樹脂は、例えば、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC)、不飽和ポリエステル、フェノール、ビニルエステル、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン、またはアクリロニトリル・ブタジエン・スチレン共重樹脂(ABS)である。内層20を構成するゴムは、例えば、エチレンプロピレンジエンゴム(EPDM)、またはフッ素ゴム(FKM)である。FRPに含有する繊維は、例えば、ガラス繊維および炭素繊維の少なくとも一方である。
内層20の厚さは、例えば0.5mm以上20mm以下である。内層20の厚さが大きいほど、内層20にピンホールなどの欠陥が生じ難い。内層20の厚さが大きいほど、内層20の強度が高くなる。内層20の厚さが0.5mm以上であれば、タンク本体10の腐食を抑制し易い。内層20の厚さが20mm以下であれば、内層20の材料およびコストを削減できる。内層20の厚さは、更に1mm以上15mm以下、2mm以上10mm以下でもよい。
内層20は、例えば、塗工法によって形成することができる。塗工法は、例えば、塗布法、または吹き付け法を用いることができる。具体的には、内層20を構成する樹脂などの材料を溶融させた状態でタンク本体10の内面11に塗布または吹き付けた後、材料を固化させることで、内層20が形成される。内層20が所定の厚さとなるまで、塗布または吹き付けを繰り返し行う。塗工法によって内層20を形成した場合、内層20に含まれる樹脂などの接着力によってタンク本体10の内面11に内層20が接着される。この場合、内層20自体が接着力を有しており、内面11と向かい合う面に接着部21が形成される。つまり、接着部21は、内層20自体の構成材料によって構成されていてもよい。内層20における内面11と接する部分が接着部21を構成している。FRPからなる内層20は、樹脂に短繊維を混ぜた混合材料を塗布して形成する場合と、樹脂の塗布と繊維シートの貼り付けとを繰り返して形成する場合とがある。本実施形態では、内層20が塗工法によって形成されている。
タンク本体10に対する内層20の剥離強度は、内層20の破断強度よりも小さい。剥離強度は、タンク本体10の内面11に沿う方向に内層20が引っ張られたときにタンク本体10から内層20が剥がれるときの強度である。破断強度は、タンク本体10の内面11に沿う方向に内層20が引っ張られたときに内層20が破断するときの強度である。タンク本体10の内面11に沿う方向は、内面11に平行な方向である。
内層20の破断強度は、内層20の材質によって異なる。PEからなる内層20の破断強度は、例えば20MPa以上35MPa以下の範囲である。PVCからなる内層20の破断強度は、例えば40MPa以上60MPa以下の範囲である。FRPからなる内層20の破断強度は、例えば300MPa以上500MPa以下の範囲である。EPDMからなる内層20の破断強度は、例えば5MPa以上20MPa以下の範囲である。FKMからなる内層20の破断強度は、例えば7MPa以上20MPa以下の範囲である。破断強度は、後述する試験例1において説明する破断強度の測定に従って測定したものである。
剥離強度が小さいほど、タンク本体10から内層20が剥離し易くなる。例えば、タンク本体10の内面11が平滑であると、剥離強度が小さくなる。タンク本体10の内面11の平面度が小さいほど、タンク本体10から内層20が剥離し易くなる。内面11の平面度は、例えば、内面11を研磨などによって平滑化することで小さくすることができる。剥離強度を小さくする観点から、内面11の平面度は、例えば5mm以下である。内面11の平面度は、更に4mm以下、2mm以下であってもよい。ここでいう平面度は、100mm四方の領域での平面度である。100mm四方とは、1辺が100mmの正方形を意味する。平面度は、JIS B 0621:1984「幾何偏差の定義及び表示」に準拠して測定する。
内層20の剥離強度が内層20の破断強度よりも小さいことは、以下に示す剥離強度の試験方法によって評価できる。図4および図5を参照して、内層20の剥離強度の試験方法について説明する。図4は、図3と同じように、図2に示すタンク2の断面の一部を拡大して示す図である。図5は、図2に示すタンク2を内側から見た図である。即ち、図5は、内層20の表面を正面から見た図である。図5のIV-IVの部分の断面が図4に対応する。剥離強度の試験は次のように行う。図5に示すように、内層20の表面のうち、100mm四方の領域Aを選択する。領域Aの周囲の内層20を除去して、領域A内の内層20と領域A外の内層20とを縁切りする。図4および図5に示すように、内層20を除去した部分はタンク本体10の内面11が露出している。領域Aを半分に分け、領域Aの半分に治具6を固定する。図5では、領域Aを左右半分に分け、右半分に治具6を固定している。図5中、領域Aのうち、治具6が固定される右半分をハッチングで示している。治具6は、例えば、接着剤によって領域Aの半分に固定されている。この接着剤は、治具6と領域Aとの接着強度がタンク本体10と内層20との剥離強度よりも十分高くなるような接着剤である。治具6を内面11に平行な方向に一定の速度で動かして、領域Aの内層20を引っ張る。図5に示すように、領域Aの右半分に治具6が固定されている場合は、治具6を右方向に動かす。治具6は、領域Aの左半分に固定されていてもよい。その場合、治具6を左方向に動かす。領域Aを上下半分に分け、上半分または下半分に治具6を固定してもよい。治具6が領域Aの上半分に固定されている場合、治具6を上方向に動かす。治具6が領域Aの下半分に固定されている場合、治具6を下方向に動かす。
図6に示すように、タンク本体10はプライマ層15を有していてもよい。タンク本体10がプライマ層15を有する構成では、タンク本体10が基体10aとプライマ層15とを備えて、プライマ層15がタンク本体10の内面11を構成する。基体10aの材質とプライマ層15の材質とは異なる。基体10aは、上述したタンク本体10の材質によって構成されている。プライマ層15は、後述するように、樹脂によって構成されている。プライマ層15は、基体10aの内側の表面に設けられている。プライマ層15は、内層20と向かい合う表面を有する。タンク本体10がプライマ層15を有する場合、内層20はプライマ層15の表面に配置されている。つまり、プライマ層15は内層20よりも下層に位置しており、タンク本体10と内層20との間にプライマ層15が配置されている。プライマ層15の主な役割は、タンク本体10から内層20を剥離し易くする、即ち剥離強度を小さくすることである。
プライマ層15の材質は、例えば樹脂である。プライマ層15を構成する樹脂は、例えば、エポキシ(EP)、アクリル(PMMA)、ポリエステル(PET)、ポリアセタール(POM)、フッ素樹脂(PTFE)、またはポリウレタン(PUR)である。EP、PMMAまたはPETは平滑性に優れることから、平滑性が高いプライマ層15を形成できる。POMまたはPTFEは潤滑性に優れることから、潤滑性が高いプライマ層15を形成できる。平滑性または潤滑性が高いプライマ層15を有することで、上記引張荷重が作用したときに、内層20とプライマ層15との界面で界面破壊が起こり易くなる。その結果、剥離強度が小さくなり、タンク本体10から内層20が剥離し易くなる。PURからなるプライマ層15は強度が低い。上記引張荷重が作用したときにプライマ層15が凝集破壊することで、タンク本体10から内層20が剥離し易くなる。
ポリエチレン:10~1200%、ポリ塩化ビニル:40~450%、繊維強化樹脂:樹脂の種類、繊維比率によるが0.1~10%程度、EPDM:100~800%、フッ素ゴム:100~500%、エポキシ:3~6%、アクリル:2~7%、ポリエステル:20~50%、ポリアセタール:12~75%、フッ素樹脂:80~400%、ポリウレタン:100~10000%、不飽和ポリエステル:1~6%、フェノール:0.4~2%、ビニルエステル:25~120%、ポリプロピレン:100~600%、ナイロン:30~200%、ABS:1.5~80%である。
破断伸びについては、EPDM>(PET、PE、PVC)>FRPが成り立つ。引張強さについては、EPDM<(PET、PE、PVC)<FRPが成り立つ。
プライマ層15の厚さは、例えば0.1mm以上5mm以下である。プライマ層15の厚さが大きいほど、タンク本体10の内側の表面の凹をプライマ層15によって埋めることができる。その結果、タンク本体10の内面11が平滑化され、タンク本体10の内面11の平面度が小さくなる。プライマ層15の厚さは、プライマ層15の機能を発揮できる限りにおいて、小さくてよい。プライマ層15の厚さが0.1mm以上であれば、タンク本体10の内面11が平滑化され易い。内層20の厚さが5mm以下であれば、プライマ層15の材料およびコストを削減できる。プライマ層15の厚さは、更に0.5mm以上2mm以下でもよい。
プライマ層15は、例えば、塗工法によって形成することができる。塗工法については、内層20と同様であるため、その詳細な説明は省略する。
タンク本体に対する内層の剥離強度を評価するため、以下の模擬試験を行った。
各試料の試験片について、第二部材の剥離強度を測定した。剥離強度の測定は次のようにして行う。第一部材T10と第二部材T20とをそれぞれクランプで掴んで引張試験を実施する。引張試験は、第一部材T10の表面に沿って第一部材T10と第二部材T20とが離れる方向に、第一部材T10と第二部材T20とを引っ張る。第二部材T20が第一部材T10から剥離するまでの最大引張荷重を測定する。第二部材T20が第一部材T10から剥離せずに破断した場合は測定不能とする。この場合、第二部材T20の剥離強度は破断強度より大きいといえる。最大引張荷重を、第一部材T10と第二部材T20とが重なる面積で割った値を第二部材の剥離強度とする。各試料の試験片について、第一部材T10に対する第二部材T20の剥離性を評価した。剥離性の評価は、上記引張試験において、第二部材T20が破断せずに第一部材T10から剥離した場合を「A」とし、第二部材T20が剥離せずに破断した場合を「B」とする。各試料の第二部材の剥離強度、および剥離性の評価を表1に示す。
さらに、100mm四方の第二部材のみを作製し、第二部材の破断強度を測定した。第二部材の破断強度は、第二部材について引張試験を行い、第二部材が破断するまでの最大引張応力を測定することによって求めた。各試料における第二部材の破断強度を表1に示す。
(1)タンク本体の内面から内層を除去して、タンク本体の内面を露出させる。
(2)別途用意した100mm四方の平面板をタンク本体の内面に接触させる。
(3)当該平面板とタンク本体の内面との間に生じ得る隙間を測定する。
(4)上記隙間の最大値を平面度とする。
(付記1)
タンク本体と、
前記タンク本体の内面に配置された内層とを備え、
前記内層は、前記タンク本体の表面に設けられた下層と、前記下層の上に設けられた上層とを備え、
前記下層の材質の物性値と前記上層の材質の物性値とが異なる、タンク。
(付記2)
タンク本体と、
前記タンク本体の内面に配置された内層とを備え、
前記内層は、前記タンク本体の表面に設けられた下層と、前記下層を前記タンク本体とで挟むように設けられた上層とを備え、
前記下層の材質の物性値と前記上層の材質の物性値とが異なる、タンク。
(付記3)
前記下層の材質の破断伸びと前記上層の材質の破断伸びとが異なる、(付記1)または(付記2)に記載のタンク。
(付記4)
前記下層に対する前記上層の剥離強度は、前記上層の破断強度よりも小さい、(付記1)から(付記3)のいずれかに記載のタンク。
Claims (10)
- タンク本体と、
前記タンク本体の内面に配置された内層とを備え、
前記タンク本体に対する前記内層の剥離強度は、前記内層の破断強度よりも小さい、タンク。 - 前記剥離強度が500MPa以下である、請求項1に記載のタンク。
- 前記内層の材質が樹脂またはゴムである、請求項1または請求項2に記載のタンク。
- 前記内層の厚さが0.5mm以上20mm以下である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記タンク本体の材質がコンクリートまたは金属である、請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記タンク本体の内面の平面度が5mm以下である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。
- 前記タンク本体は、基体と、前記基体の内側の表面に設けられたプライマ層を有し、
前記プライマ層が前記タンク本体の内面を構成している、請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のタンク。 - 前記プライマ層の材質の物性値と前記内層の材質の物性値とが異なる、請求項7に記載のタンク。
- 前記プライマ層の材質の破断伸びと前記内層の材質の破断伸びとが異なる、請求項7または請求項8に記載のタンク。
- 正極電解液が貯留される正極タンクと、負極電解液が貯留される負極タンクとを備え、
前記正極タンクおよび前記負極タンクの少なくとも一方は、請求項1から請求項9のいずれか1項に記載のタンクである、レドックスフロー電池システム。
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| US19/115,814 US20260106189A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2023-08-17 | Tank, and redox flow battery system |
| AU2023354507A AU2023354507A1 (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2023-08-17 | Tank, and redox flow battery system |
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| JP2022158716A JP2025172995A (ja) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | タンク、およびレドックスフロー電池システム |
| JP2022-158716 | 2022-09-30 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS578695A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1982-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Corrosion-resisting heat insulating tank |
| KR20130000983A (ko) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-03 | (주)동명산업 | 방수시트가 일체로 형성된 조립식 콘크리트 블럭 및 이를 이용한 유수저장조의 시공방법 |
| JP2013212861A (ja) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-17 | Hiroshi Fujimoto | 防火水槽の更正方法とその更正された防火水槽 |
| JP2020502775A (ja) * | 2016-12-19 | 2020-01-23 | ヴィオンエックス エナジー コーポレイション | フロー電池における電解質の貯蔵および故障の検出のためのシステムおよび方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-09-30 JP JP2022158716A patent/JP2025172995A/ja active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-08-17 US US19/115,814 patent/US20260106189A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-17 AU AU2023354507A patent/AU2023354507A1/en active Pending
- 2023-08-17 WO PCT/JP2023/029713 patent/WO2024070307A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-25 TW TW112132091A patent/TW202416565A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS578695A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1982-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Corrosion-resisting heat insulating tank |
| KR20130000983A (ko) * | 2011-06-24 | 2013-01-03 | (주)동명산업 | 방수시트가 일체로 형성된 조립식 콘크리트 블럭 및 이를 이용한 유수저장조의 시공방법 |
| JP2013212861A (ja) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-17 | Hiroshi Fujimoto | 防火水槽の更正方法とその更正された防火水槽 |
| JP2020502775A (ja) * | 2016-12-19 | 2020-01-23 | ヴィオンエックス エナジー コーポレイション | フロー電池における電解質の貯蔵および故障の検出のためのシステムおよび方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2023354507A1 (en) | 2025-04-10 |
| US20260106189A1 (en) | 2026-04-16 |
| TW202416565A (zh) | 2024-04-16 |
| JP2025172995A (ja) | 2025-11-27 |
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