WO2024069801A1 - Dispositif de commande, procédé de commande, système de production d'hydrogène et système d'alimentation en électricité et en hydrogène - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande, procédé de commande, système de production d'hydrogène et système d'alimentation en électricité et en hydrogène Download PDF

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WO2024069801A1
WO2024069801A1 PCT/JP2022/036214 JP2022036214W WO2024069801A1 WO 2024069801 A1 WO2024069801 A1 WO 2024069801A1 JP 2022036214 W JP2022036214 W JP 2022036214W WO 2024069801 A1 WO2024069801 A1 WO 2024069801A1
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water electrolysis
electrolysis stack
stack
temperature
stacks
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PCT/JP2022/036214
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
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敬司 渡邉
太 古田
正高 尾関
貴彰 水上
昌俊 杉政
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株式会社日立製作所
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Priority to PCT/JP2022/036214 priority Critical patent/WO2024069801A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a control device, a control method, a hydrogen production system, and an electric power and hydrogen supply system.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a water electrolysis device that includes a water electrolysis cell, a first storage tank for storing hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis cell, a second storage tank for storing hydrogen discharged from the first storage tank, and a flow rate adjustment unit that is disposed in a discharge flow path connecting the first storage tank and the second storage tank and adjusts the flow rate of hydrogen discharged from the first storage tank to the second storage tank, from the viewpoints that in a water electrolysis device that uses unstable renewable energy, the demand and supply of hydrogen do not necessarily match, when the storage tank for temporarily storing generated hydrogen becomes full, and the problem of reduced efficiency in the use of renewable energy.
  • Patent Document 1 also discloses predicting the amount of hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis cell, and predicting the amount of hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis cell by taking into account the operating state of the water electrolysis cell or the deterioration state of the water electrolysis cell.
  • the water electrolysis device described in Patent Document 1 predicts the amount of hydrogen generated in the water electrolysis cell, and controls the current taking into account the operating state of the water electrolysis cell or its deterioration state. However, this is done from the perspective of improving the efficiency of renewable energy usage, and does not reflect cases where the water electrolysis cell (water electrolysis stack) deteriorates and needs to be replaced, or the impact that the operating temperature of the water electrolysis stack, etc., has on performance.
  • the purpose of this disclosure is to prevent increases in life cycle costs in water electrolysis systems that contain a mixture of water electrolysis stacks with different performance.
  • the control device disclosed herein is a device that controls the operation of a water electrolysis stack, and includes a measurement unit that measures the performance of the water electrolysis stack, a prediction unit that predicts the amount of hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis stack and the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack over a specified period of time using the performance measured by the measurement unit and the characteristics of the water electrolysis stack's susceptibility to deterioration, and an operating condition determination unit that determines the conditions for controlling the operation of the water electrolysis stack based on the prediction results of the prediction unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a multiple-parallel water electrolysis system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a multiple serial water electrolysis system.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial configuration diagram showing a case where one of a plurality of water electrolysis stacks constituting a multi-serial water electrolysis system is a low-performance product. 1 is a graph showing current-voltage characteristics of a water electrolysis stack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a multiple serial water electrolysis system according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing processes and related items in a control unit of the multi-serial water electrolysis system of Example 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a simulation of a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a graph showing an example of output adjustment when a low-performance product is included in some of a plurality of water electrolysis stacks. 13 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which all water electrolysis stacks are normal.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing collective temperature control of the multiple serial water electrolysis system according to the first embodiment. 1 is a graph showing an example of changes in stack voltage over time when the initially installed water electrolysis stack is a normal product and when the initially installed water electrolysis stack is a low-performance product.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a control method for the water electrolysis system according to the first embodiment. 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in FIG. 7 .
  • 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in FIG. 7, in which the temperature coefficient related to deterioration is halved.
  • 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in FIG. 7 , in which the number of water electrolysis stacks in series is tripled.
  • 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the performance degradation (voltage) of a low-performance product is doubled among the conditions shown in FIG. 7 .
  • 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in FIG. 7 , in which the replacement cost of the water electrolysis stack is reduced to 1 ⁇ 5.
  • 8 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in FIG. 7 in which ten water electrolysis stacks are connected in parallel.
  • 17 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the temperature coefficient of deterioration in the case of FIG. 16 is halved. 17 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the number of parallel water electrolysis stacks is tripled in the case of FIG. 16 . 17 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the performance degradation (voltage) of the low-performance product in the case of FIG. 16 is doubled. 17 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the replacement cost of the water electrolysis stack in the case of FIG. 16 is reduced to 1 ⁇ 5.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of performance measurement (internal resistance evaluation) of a water electrolysis stack. FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a multi-serial water electrolysis system of Example 2.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing individual temperature control of a multiple serial water electrolysis system according to a second embodiment.
  • 24 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of a normal product is set to 50° C. in the individual temperature control of FIG. 23 .
  • 24 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of a normal product is set to 55° C. in the individual temperature control of FIG. 23 .
  • 24 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of a normal product is set to 57° C. in the individual temperature control of FIG. 23 .
  • 24 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of a normal product is set to 60° C. in the individual temperature control of FIG. 23 .
  • 24 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of a normal product is set to 65° C. in the individual temperature control of FIG. 23 .
  • 27 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the temperature coefficient relating to deterioration among the conditions shown in FIG. 7 is halved in the case of FIG. 26 (when the temperature of a normal product is 57° C.).
  • 27 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the number of water electrolysis stacks in series is tripled among the conditions shown in FIG. 7 in the case of FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a multi-serial water electrolysis system of Example 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a water electrolysis system according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a multi-serial water electrolysis system of Example 5.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a multiple parallel water electrolysis system.
  • the multi-parallel water electrolysis system has a configuration in which multiple transformers 120a, 120b, 120c are connected to one transformer 110 that is connected to a high-voltage power system 100, and water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c are connected to the transformers 120a, 120b, 120c via rectifiers 130a, 130b, 130c, respectively.
  • the equipment costs and large installation area of the numerous transformers and rectifiers become an issue.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a multi-series water electrolysis system.
  • the multi-series water electrolysis system has a configuration in which multiple water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c are connected in series to a single power converter 150 that is connected to the power grid 100. Therefore, the multi-series water electrolysis system can reduce the equipment costs and installation area compared to the multi-parallel water electrolysis system.
  • Figure 3 is a partial configuration diagram showing a case where one of the multiple water electrolysis stacks that make up a multi-series water electrolysis system is a low-performance product.
  • the water electrolysis stack 140b is a low-performance product.
  • the other water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140c, and 140d are normal products.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the current-voltage characteristics of a water electrolysis stack.
  • the horizontal axis represents current and the vertical axis represents voltage.
  • the solid curve represents a normal product, and the dashed curve represents a low-performance product.
  • the normal product has a lower voltage than the low-performance product when the current is the same value. This is because the low-performance product has a higher internal resistance than the normal product.
  • Parameters that can be controlled when operating a multi-serial water electrolysis system include temperature and pressure. For example, by increasing the temperature, it is possible to reduce the voltage, but operating the system under high temperature conditions can cause accelerated deterioration of the electrolyte membrane and electrode catalysts in the water electrolysis stack, which is a problem.
  • the water electrolysis system disclosed herein solves the above-mentioned problems.
  • the water electrolysis system is also referred to as a "hydrogen production system.”
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the multi-series water electrolysis system of Example 1.
  • the water electrolysis system 1000 (multiple series water electrolysis system) has a configuration in which multiple water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c are connected in series to one power converter 150 connected to the power system 100. Water at a predetermined temperature is supplied to the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c from a temperature control unit 160. This water is used in the electrolysis reaction.
  • the water electrolysis system 1000 also includes a control unit 170 (control device).
  • the control unit 170 monitors and controls the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c. Specifically, the control unit 170 measures the performance of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c, such as the temperature, current, and voltage. This is done by the measurement unit of the control unit 170. The control unit 170 then predicts the future hydrogen production volume and the progress of deterioration for each operating parameter (temperature, etc.) using the measurement data and the deterioration model of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c. This is done by the prediction unit of the control unit 170. Furthermore, the prediction unit estimates the future life cycle cost based on the obtained prediction data.
  • the control unit 170 selects the operating conditions (operation mode) that minimize the life cycle cost based on the estimated calculation results, and controls the operation of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c. This operation control is done by the operating condition determination unit of the control unit 170.
  • the operation control includes adjusting the operating current, operating temperature, etc. of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c. As a result of this adjustment, the output of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c can be controlled. Note that the deterioration model is a theoretical model.
  • control unit 170 It is desirable for the control unit 170 to have a database that accumulates measurement data, prediction data, deterioration models, etc. This database is also called the "model unit.”
  • the model unit may be installed on an external server or the like separate from the control unit 170, and may be in a state in which data can be sent and received from the control unit 170.
  • the above predictions and calculations may also be performed by a computing device (such as a server) provided outside the water electrolysis system 1000, and the results may be received by the control unit 170.
  • a computing device such as a server
  • a display unit in the power converter 150, the temperature control unit 160, the control unit 170, etc. so that the user, manager, worker, etc. of the water electrolysis system 1000 can check the status of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c, etc., and operate them as necessary.
  • the status may also be displayed on a mobile device such as a smartphone or tablet of the user, manager, worker, etc., so that the user, manager, worker, etc. can operate them as necessary.
  • the life cycle cost includes revenue from hydrogen sales, stack replacement costs, etc.
  • FIG. 6 shows the processing in the control unit 170 and related items.
  • control unit 170 calculates the relationship between the operating mode and the increase in life cycle costs based on conditions such as technical specifications and economic efficiency items, and selects the optimal mode.
  • Figure 7 shows an overview of the simulation in this example.
  • the stack specifications are 10 water electrolysis stacks connected in series, with a current of 3 kA.
  • the voltage of a normal product is 220 V
  • the voltage of a low-performance product is 228 V.
  • the standard degradation rate of the water electrolysis stack is assumed to be 500 ⁇ V per hour, with a temperature coefficient of 10%/°C.
  • the replacement standard for the water electrolysis stack is set to 240 V, which is 20 V higher than the initial state for a normal product.
  • one of the ten water electrolysis stacks is a low-performance product.
  • the estimated costs are 100 million yen per stack replacement, the selling price of hydrogen is 30 yen per Nm3 , and the facility operating rate is 5,000 hours per year.
  • the plant was operated for 10 years with temperature as an operating parameter, and the loss due to the decrease in hydrogen production amount (L H ) and the loss due to replacement of the deteriorated stack (L R ) were estimated by simulation as evaluation indexes for the increase in life cycle cost.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing an example of output adjustment for a group of water electrolysis stacks with 10 stacks connected in series under the above conditions.
  • the horizontal axis represents current and the vertical axis represents voltage.
  • the solid curve represents a normal product, the dashed curve represents an initial low-performance product, and the dashed curve represents a low-performance product after temperature adjustment.
  • the operating temperature of the low-performance product is increased to bring the voltage closer to that of the normal product
  • the output is adjusted by lowering the current of the series-connected water electrolysis stacks so that the voltage of the series-connected 10 water electrolysis stacks, including the low-performance product, becomes equal to the voltage of the series-connected 10 normal products (2200V).
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the results of a simulation for this case.
  • the horizontal axis represents the operating temperature of the water electrolysis stack, and the vertical axis represents losses.
  • the circles represent (1) the 10-year cumulative hydrogen sales revenue, the squares represent (2) the water electrolysis stack replacement cost (stack replacement cost), and the circles represent the 10-year cumulative profit ((1) hydrogen sales revenue) - ((2) stack replacement cost)).
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing the centralized temperature control of the multi-serial water electrolysis system of this embodiment.
  • This diagram shows a portion of a group of water electrolysis stacks connected in series.
  • the water electrolysis stack 140b is a low-performance product, and the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140c, and 140d are normal products.
  • the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c, and 140d are subjected to centralized temperature control.
  • Figure 10B is a graph showing an example of the change in stack voltage over time when the water electrolysis stack initially installed is a normal product and when it is a low-performance product.
  • the horizontal axis represents years of use, and the vertical axis represents stack voltage.
  • the initial voltage values are as shown in Figure 7, with a normal product being 220V and a low-performance product being 228V.
  • the standard voltage for replacing the water electrolysis stack is 240V.
  • a circle indicates a normal product.
  • a ⁇ indicates a case where a low-performance product was initially used and then replaced with a normal product.
  • FIG. 10C is a flow diagram showing the control method for the water electrolysis system of this embodiment.
  • the measurement unit measures the performance of the water electrolysis stack (step S10).
  • the prediction unit predicts the hydrogen production volume of the water electrolysis stack and the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack using the performance of the water electrolysis stack and the characteristics of the ease of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack (step S20).
  • the characteristics of the ease of deterioration include the standard deterioration rate, its temperature coefficient, etc.
  • the degree of deterioration is specifically the voltage of each water electrolysis stack, etc., as shown in FIG. 10B.
  • the operating condition determination unit controls the operation of the water electrolysis stack based on the prediction result of the prediction unit (step S30).
  • the operation of the water electrolysis stack is controlled by adjusting the temperature of the water supplied to the series-connected water electrolysis stacks and the current output by the power converter to the series-connected water electrolysis stacks.
  • the life cycle cost increase (L H +L R ) was calculated based on the optimal operation (57° C.) in the case where all the water electrolysis stacks are normal, as shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 11 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in Fig. 7. That is, in a configuration in which 10 water electrolysis stacks are connected in series, one of the 10 stacks is a low-performance product.
  • the horizontal axis shows the operating temperature, and the vertical axis shows the loss.
  • the circle marks indicate LH
  • the square marks indicate LR
  • the black marks indicate LH + LR .
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the temperature coefficient for degradation (degradation temperature coefficient) is halved under the conditions shown in Figure 7.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 11, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 13 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the number of water electrolysis stacks in series is tripled among the conditions shown in Figure 7. In other words, one out of every 30 water electrolysis stacks is a low-performance product.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as that in Figure 11, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 14 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the performance degradation (voltage) of the low-performance product is doubled under the conditions shown in Figure 7.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as in Figure 11.
  • Figure 15 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in Figure 7, where the cost of replacing the water electrolysis stack is reduced to 1/5.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as that in Figure 11, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • the margin (tolerance range) around the optimal point (optimum temperature) changes significantly when the prerequisites are changed.
  • Fig. 16 is a graph showing the results of a simulation under the conditions shown in Fig. 7. That is, in a configuration in which 10 water electrolysis stacks are connected in parallel, one of the 10 stacks is a low-performance stack.
  • the horizontal axis shows the operating temperature, and the vertical axis shows the loss.
  • the circle marks indicate LH
  • the square marks indicate LR
  • the black marks indicate LH + LR .
  • Figure 17 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the temperature coefficient for degradation (degradation temperature coefficient) in the case of Figure 16 is halved.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 16, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 18 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the number of parallel water electrolysis stacks in the case of Figure 16 is tripled. In other words, one out of every 30 water electrolysis stacks is a low-performance product.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 16, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 19 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the performance degradation (voltage) of the low-performance product in the case of Figure 16 is doubled.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as in Figure 16.
  • Figure 20 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the cost of replacing the water electrolysis stack in the case of Figure 16 is reduced to 1/5.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 16, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • the cost calculation results are the same for parallel connections as for series connections. Therefore, by using the operating conditions extracted in the same manner as in Example 1 for the parallel-connected water electrolysis stack group of this modified example, it is possible to suppress increases in the life cycle cost of the water electrolysis system.
  • control unit In a water electrolysis system, the control unit generally collects voltage and current data for each water electrolysis stack. Therefore, in a group of water electrolysis stacks connected in series, the current value flowing through each water electrolysis stack is the same. Then, by detecting the change in the voltage value in each water electrolysis stack relative to that current value, the performance of each water electrolysis stack can be measured.
  • evaluating the internal resistance of the stack would enable more accurate prediction of deterioration.
  • Figure 21 shows an example of performance measurement (internal resistance evaluation) of a water electrolysis stack.
  • the graph on the left side of this figure shows a method of setting aside (A) normal operation time in addition to (B) maintenance operation time.
  • the current-voltage characteristics obtained by performing a voltage sweep during maintenance operation are used to calculate the internal resistance of the water electrolysis stack from the slope of the curve in the region where the current and voltage have a linear relationship (ohmic region).
  • the AC impedance of the water electrolysis stack may be measured using a separately prepared electrochemical impedance evaluation device, and the internal resistance may be calculated.
  • Example 2 is a case where the temperature of the water electrolysis stack is individually controlled.
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing the multi-series water electrolysis system of Example 2.
  • water at a predetermined temperature is supplied individually to each of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c from the temperature control unit 160, and the temperature of each is controlled.
  • the control unit 170 sets operating conditions, including appropriate operating temperatures, for each of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c in the operating condition determination unit, and issues commands to the temperature control unit 160.
  • the temperatures of the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c are individually controlled.
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing individual temperature control of the multi-serial water electrolysis system of Example 2.
  • This diagram shows a portion of a group of water electrolysis stacks connected in series.
  • the water electrolysis stack 140b is a low-performance product, and the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140c, and 140d are normal products.
  • the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, 140c, and 140d are individually temperature controlled. Specifically, the low-performance water electrolysis stack 140b is controlled to have a different temperature from the normal water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140c, and 140d.
  • Example 1 Compared to the collective control of Example 1, the individual control of this embodiment allows conditions for searching for the optimal operating mode to be selected from a wide range of parameters, and is therefore considered to have the effect of increasing the possibility of selecting desirable control conditions.
  • Figure 24 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product in the individual temperature control of Figure 23 when the temperature of the normal product is set to 50°C.
  • ten water electrolysis stacks are connected in series, and one of the ten stacks is a low-performance product.
  • the horizontal axis shows the operating temperature of the low-performance product, and the vertical axis shows the loss.
  • a circle indicates LH
  • a square indicates LR
  • a black circle indicates LH + LR .
  • L H + LR is small when the operating temperature of the low performance product is 56° C. or lower. It is also seen that L H + LR is smallest when the operating temperature of the low performance product is 53° C., and this temperature is the optimum temperature.
  • Figure 25 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of the normal product is set to 55°C in the individual temperature control of Figure 23.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 26 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of the normal product is set to 57°C in the individual temperature control of Figure 23.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 27 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of the normal product is set to 60°C in the individual temperature control of Figure 23.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 28 is a graph showing the results of a simulation of a low-performance product when the temperature of the normal product is set to 65°C in the individual temperature control of Figure 23.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • L H +L R can be minimized by operating the normal product at 57° C. and the low performance product at 53° C. Specifically, when the operating temperature of the normal product is 57° C. and the operating temperature of the low performance product is 53° C., the minimum value of L H +L R is 8.17 million yen (M ⁇ ). This is approximately 50% of the L H +L R of 16.2 million yen at an operating temperature of 54° C., which is the optimal condition of embodiment 1 (collectively controlled temperature). This shows that individual temperature control is more effective at suppressing the increase in life cycle costs (L H +L R ).
  • Figure 29 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the temperature coefficient for degradation, among the conditions shown in Figure 7, is halved in the case of Figure 26 (when the temperature of the normal product is 57°C).
  • the display format in the figure is the same as that of Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 30 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in the case of Figure 26 (when the temperature of the normal product is 57°C) in which the number of water electrolysis stacks in series is tripled among the conditions shown in Figure 7. In other words, one out of every 30 water electrolysis stacks is a low-performance product.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as that of Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 31 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in which the performance degradation (voltage) of the low-performance product is doubled under the conditions shown in Figure 7 in the case of Figure 26 (when the temperature of the normal product is 57°C).
  • the display format in the figure is the same as that of Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Figure 32 is a graph showing the results of a simulation in the case of Figure 26 (when the temperature of the normal product is 57°C) in which the cost of replacing the water electrolysis stack among the conditions shown in Figure 7 is set to 1/5.
  • the display format in the figure is the same as Figure 24, except for the scale of the vertical axis.
  • Example 3 is a case where the temperature distribution of the water electrolysis stack is reflected in future predictions.
  • temperature distribution occurs inside a water electrolysis stack during operation.
  • temperature distribution may occur between stacks due to the arrangement order of the water electrolysis stacks.
  • FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing the multi-series water electrolysis system of Example 3.
  • the water electrolysis system 1000 shown in this figure has a configuration for centralized temperature control, similar to that shown in FIG. 5 (Example 1).
  • the difference between FIG. 33 and FIG. 5 is that the temperature distribution is reflected in the deterioration prediction in the control unit 170.
  • the maximum temperature Tmax and the minimum temperature Tmin , or the average temperature Tave and the standard deviation ⁇ T are used as parameters related to deterioration prediction to optimize the operating conditions. This allows the existence of high-temperature parts where deterioration progresses particularly quickly to be reflected in the determination of the operating conditions, thereby improving the accuracy of future predictions.
  • Example 4 is a configuration in which multiple water electrolysis stack groups are connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram showing the water electrolysis system of Example 4.
  • water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c connected in series and a temperature control unit 160a connected to collectively control their temperatures
  • water electrolysis stacks 140d, 140e, and 140f connected in series and a temperature control unit 160b connected to collectively control their temperatures.
  • the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c and the water electrolysis stacks 140d, 140e, and 140f are connected in parallel.
  • the control unit 170 is configured to issue temperature commands to each of the temperature control units 160a and 160b.
  • power in order to perform operation control that suppresses deterioration, power can be distributed unequally between the series section formed by the water electrolysis stacks 140a, 140b, and 140c and the series section formed by the water electrolysis stacks 140d, 140e, and 140f.
  • a specific method for distributing power unequally is, for example, to set the temperatures commanded by the temperature control unit 160a and the temperature control unit 160b to different values, thereby generating a difference between the current-voltage characteristics of the multiple series sections.
  • Example 5 is a case where operation control is performed based on power supply and demand management.
  • FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing the power and hydrogen supply system of Example 5.
  • the power and hydrogen supply system shown in this diagram includes the components of the water electrolysis system 1000 in FIG. 5, as well as a distributor 105, a hydrogen utilization section 210, and a management system 2000. These components make it possible to supply power, hydrogen, and heat to consumers 250.
  • the management system 2000 comprehensively adjusts the supply of power, hydrogen, and heat, performs supply and demand forecasts, and accumulates various data.
  • the power and hydrogen supply system is expected to be installed in a substation or the like, and it is necessary to adjust the proportion of the power supplied from the power grid 100 that is used for hydrogen production according to the power supply and demand situation, thereby stabilizing the power grid 100. For this reason, the management system 2000 monitors the power supply and demand and formulates a plan for the amount of hydrogen production. It is also desirable for the control unit 170 to determine the operating conditions according to changes in the input power to the water electrolysis system 1000.
  • the power and hydrogen supply system may also include multiple water electrolysis systems 1000.
  • this specification describes a control method for adjusting the voltage of the water electrolysis stack by adjusting the temperature of the water electrolysis stack
  • another method for controlling the voltage of the water electrolysis stack according to the present disclosure is to lower the voltage by decreasing the reaction resistance of the water electrolysis stack by lowering the pressure of the gas produced by the water electrolysis stack.
  • the method for controlling the pressure of the gas produced can be applied to both the collective control of Example 1 and the individual control of Example 2.
  • the operation control of the water electrolysis stack includes at least one of the operating current, operating temperature, and generated gas pressure of the water electrolysis stack.
  • the prediction unit calculates the hydrogen sales revenue from the predicted hydrogen production volume and calculates the water electrolysis stack replacement cost from the predicted degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack, and the operating condition determination unit determines the conditions for controlling the operation of the water electrolysis stack so as to maximize the profit calculated from the hydrogen sales revenue and the water electrolysis stack replacement cost.
  • the water electrolysis stacks are configured with multiple stacks connected in series or parallel, or a combination of both, and the prediction unit predicts the amount of hydrogen produced by each of the multiple water electrolysis stacks and the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stacks when each of the multiple water electrolysis stacks operates under different operation control conditions, and the operating condition determination unit determines the operation control conditions for each of the multiple water electrolysis stacks based on the prediction results of the prediction unit.
  • the operation control of the water electrolysis stack includes the operating temperature of the water electrolysis stack, and when at least one water electrolysis stack constituting the plurality of water electrolysis stacks has a different performance from the other water electrolysis stacks constituting the plurality of water electrolysis stacks, the operating condition determination unit sets the operating temperature of the at least one water electrolysis stack to a different temperature from that of the other water electrolysis stacks.
  • the operation control of the water electrolysis stack includes the operating temperature of the water electrolysis stack, and the prediction unit estimates the temperature distribution inside the water electrolysis stack and predicts the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack based on the temperature distribution.
  • the operating condition determination unit determines the conditions for controlling the operation of the water electrolysis stack so that the maximum temperature in the temperature distribution is equal to or lower than a predetermined upper limit temperature.
  • the operation control of the water electrolysis stack includes the operating temperature of the water electrolysis stack, and the water electrolysis stack is configured with multiple water electrolysis stacks connected in series or parallel or a combination of these, and the prediction unit estimates the temperature distribution occurring in the multiple water electrolysis stacks and predicts the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack based on the temperature distribution.
  • the operating condition determination unit determines the conditions for controlling the operation of the water electrolysis stack so that the maximum temperature in the temperature distribution is equal to or lower than a predetermined upper limit temperature.
  • the control method is a method for controlling the operation of a water electrolysis stack, and includes the steps of: a measurement unit measuring the performance of the water electrolysis stack; a prediction unit predicting the amount of hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis stack and the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack during a specified period of time using the performance measured by the measurement unit and the characteristics of the water electrolysis stack's susceptibility to deterioration; and an operating condition determination unit determining conditions for controlling the operation of the water electrolysis stack based on the prediction results of the prediction unit.
  • the hydrogen production system comprises a water electrolysis stack and a control device that controls the operation of the water electrolysis stack.
  • the control device comprises a measurement unit that measures the performance of the water electrolysis stack, a prediction unit that predicts the amount of hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis stack and the degree of deterioration of the water electrolysis stack over a specified period of time using the performance measured by the measurement unit and the characteristics of the water electrolysis stack's susceptibility to deterioration, and an operating condition determination unit that determines the conditions for controlling the operation of the water electrolysis stack based on the prediction results of the prediction unit.
  • the power and hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen production system, a distributor connected to supply power to the hydrogen production system and consumers, and a management system connected to communicate with the hydrogen production system and the distributor.
  • the control device uses the data received from the management system.
  • the control device further includes a model section that stores the characteristics of how easily the water electrolysis stack deteriorates.
  • the control device assigns the water electrolysis stack to a plurality of series sections, each of which is made up of one or more water electrolysis stacks connected in series and one or more series sections connected in parallel, as the operating state of the series sections, either a high-allocation series section that receives a larger power allocation than the other series sections over a specified period of time, or a low-allocation series section that receives a smaller power allocation than the other series sections over a specified period of time.
  • the control device sequentially assigns the high-allocation series section and the low-allocation series section in a first order as the operating state of a first series section among the multiple series sections, and sequentially assigns the high-allocation series section and the low-allocation series section in a second order different from the first order as the operating state of a second series section different from the first series section among the multiple series sections.
  • 100 Power system
  • 105 Distributor
  • 110, 120a, 120b, 120c Transformers
  • 130a, 130b, 130c Rectifiers
  • 140a, 140b, 140c, 140d Water electrolysis stack
  • 150 Power converter
  • 160 Temperature control unit
  • 170 Control unit
  • 210 Hydrogen utilization unit
  • 250: Consumer 1000: Water electrolysis system
  • 2000 Management system.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de commande pour commander le fonctionnement d'un empilement d'électrolyse d'eau, le dispositif comprenant : une unité de mesure pour mesurer les performances de l'empilement d'électrolyse d'eau ; une unité de prédiction pour prédire la quantité produite d'hydrogène généré par l'empilement d'électrolyse d'eau ainsi que le degré de détérioration de l'empilement d'électrolyse d'eau pendant une période prédéfinie, au moyen des performances mesurées par l'unité de mesure et de caractéristiques de l'empilement d'électrolyse d'eau indiquant à quel point l'empilement se détériore ; et une unité de détermination de conditions de fonctionnement pour déterminer des conditions de commande du fonctionnement de l'empilement d'électrolyse d'eau sur la base du résultat de prédiction provenant de l'unité de prédiction. L'invention permet de supprimer une augmentation des coûts de cycle de vie d'un système d'électrolyse de l'eau dans lequel sont présents des empilements d'électrolyse de l'eau aux performances différentes.
PCT/JP2022/036214 2022-09-28 2022-09-28 Dispositif de commande, procédé de commande, système de production d'hydrogène et système d'alimentation en électricité et en hydrogène WO2024069801A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019059321A1 (fr) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-28 旭化成株式会社 Dispositif de planification, procédé de création d'une planification d'opération, procédé de fabrication d'hydrogène et programme
WO2019189501A1 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 旭化成株式会社 Dispositif de conception, procédé, programme, dispositif de planification, dispositif de commande, et système de production d'hydrogène
WO2020075767A1 (fr) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 旭化成株式会社 Dispositif de planification, procédé de planification, et programme de planification
CN113403645A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 阳光电源股份有限公司 一种电解槽工作状态的确定方法、装置及控制器
CN114369849A (zh) * 2022-01-04 2022-04-19 阳光氢能科技有限公司 一种电解槽健康度的监控方法、装置及电解槽监控系统
US20220186390A1 (en) * 2020-12-10 2022-06-16 Analog Devices, Inc. Electrolyzers with bypassable bipolar plates

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019059321A1 (fr) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-28 旭化成株式会社 Dispositif de planification, procédé de création d'une planification d'opération, procédé de fabrication d'hydrogène et programme
WO2019189501A1 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 旭化成株式会社 Dispositif de conception, procédé, programme, dispositif de planification, dispositif de commande, et système de production d'hydrogène
WO2020075767A1 (fr) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 旭化成株式会社 Dispositif de planification, procédé de planification, et programme de planification
US20220186390A1 (en) * 2020-12-10 2022-06-16 Analog Devices, Inc. Electrolyzers with bypassable bipolar plates
CN113403645A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-17 阳光电源股份有限公司 一种电解槽工作状态的确定方法、装置及控制器
CN114369849A (zh) * 2022-01-04 2022-04-19 阳光氢能科技有限公司 一种电解槽健康度的监控方法、装置及电解槽监控系统

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