WO2024069759A1 - Dispositif de commande de décharge électrique et système de batterie de stockage - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de décharge électrique et système de batterie de stockage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024069759A1
WO2024069759A1 PCT/JP2022/035962 JP2022035962W WO2024069759A1 WO 2024069759 A1 WO2024069759 A1 WO 2024069759A1 JP 2022035962 W JP2022035962 W JP 2022035962W WO 2024069759 A1 WO2024069759 A1 WO 2024069759A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
storage battery
voltage
value
capacitor
discharge control
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Application number
PCT/JP2022/035962
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
憲光 田中
美永子 原
雄一郎 奥川
Original Assignee
日本電信電話株式会社
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Application filed by 日本電信電話株式会社 filed Critical 日本電信電話株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2022/035962 priority Critical patent/WO2024069759A1/fr
Publication of WO2024069759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024069759A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a discharge control device and a storage battery system.
  • storage batteries are used for a variety of purposes, such as the efficient use of electric energy and as backup for facilities or equipment.
  • storage batteries will also be used to stabilize (level out) the output of variable power sources whose output fluctuates with the weather, such as renewable energy sources (solar power generation, wind power generation, etc.), which have become widespread in recent years.
  • lithium-ion batteries have become increasingly popular.
  • lithium-ion batteries in particular have the problem of being made from rare metals such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium, as well as being conflict materials. Therefore, in systemization, it is ideal to use lithium-ion batteries in appropriate amounts rather than adopting them for every purpose.
  • the supply of lithium as a material has been tight due to geopolitical issues in Eastern Europe, and development of lithium-free batteries such as sodium-ion batteries is also underway.
  • PCS power conditioning system
  • a power conditioning system consisting of a DC/DC converter
  • the PCS is a device that boosts the entire output voltage of the battery
  • high-voltage resistant DC/DC converter components are used and it is necessary to maintain the circuit's voltage resistance.
  • PCSs are known to be large in size, difficult to miniaturize, and difficult to keep costs down (for example, Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2).
  • General PCSs connect the output of the storage battery and the DC/DC converter in parallel, boosting the output power of the storage battery in its entirety.
  • the discharge current flows entirely through the DC/DC converter without being diverted, so when used in a high voltage, high power power supply facility, it is difficult to keep the circuit size and price down.
  • the storage battery system is directly connected to the main circuit without using a PCS in order to simplify the storage battery system, different batteries cannot be mixed and used in parallel.
  • a charge pump circuit is used to add voltage, it can boost the voltage, but the output current value cannot be controlled. Therefore, if different storage batteries or DC power sources are used in parallel, the current burden is concentrated only on the power source or storage battery with the higher voltage, and the desired output current cannot be shared.
  • the disclosed technology aims to reduce the size and cost of storage battery systems that use a mixture of different batteries.
  • the disclosed technology is a discharge control device that includes a capacitor connected in series to a storage battery, and a control circuit that controls the voltage value across the capacitor based on information indicating a discharge command and information indicating a command value for the current value output from the storage battery, so that the current value output from the storage battery is the command value or less than the command value.
  • the disclosed technology makes it possible to miniaturize a storage battery system that uses a mixture of different batteries.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a conventional storage battery system.
  • 1 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a storage battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a storage battery system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a storage battery system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an internal circuit of a discharge control device.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control circuit included in an internal circuit of the discharge control device.
  • storage batteries are used for various purposes, such as efficient use of electric energy and backup of facilities or equipment.
  • storage batteries are expected to be used for stabilizing (leveling) the output power of variable power sources whose output fluctuates depending on the weather, such as renewable energy sources (photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, etc.) that have become widespread in recent years.
  • lithium-ion batteries have become increasingly popular.
  • lithium-ion batteries in particular contain rare metals such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium, and are also conflict materials, so when it comes to systemization, it is ideal to use lithium-ion batteries in appropriate amounts rather than adopting them for every purpose.
  • lithium-free batteries such as sodium-ion batteries is also underway.
  • Battery storage systems generally combine single-cell batteries in series to obtain a constant output voltage. Furthermore, to match the output power of the battery storage system to the voltage of the power supply circuit, a power conditioning system (PCS) consisting of a DC/DC converter is connected to the input and output to control the voltage and current during charging and discharging.
  • PCS power conditioning system
  • the PCS is a power conversion device that controls the current or voltage during charging or discharging.
  • the PCS is realized by a DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a conventional storage battery system. Note that in FIG. 1, protection circuits, control circuits, etc. are omitted.
  • the battery generates a voltage of nA [V] as an assembled battery in which n single-cell storage batteries with a voltage of A [V] are connected in series.
  • V batt [V] the voltage of the entire battery.
  • a PCS DC/DC converter
  • a PCS DC/DC converter
  • the PCS receives input including a discharge command output from the management device (or built into the PCS) and a current command value or a current upper limit command, boosts the output voltage of the battery pack to V batt + ⁇ [V], and controls the boost voltage ⁇ [V] so that it becomes the rated system voltage V 1 [V] of the connected power supply system.
  • the PCS can boost the voltage to the target voltage and control a stable voltage output. Furthermore, the output current value of the PCS can be controlled to prevent the storage battery from being over-discharged, preventing strain and deterioration of the battery due to over-discharge.
  • PCS is equipment that boosts the entire output voltage of the storage battery, high-voltage resistant DC/DC converter components are used, and it is necessary to maintain the circuit's voltage resistance. For this reason, PCS is known to be large in size, difficult to miniaturize, and difficult to keep costs down (for example, Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 2).
  • SoC State of Charge
  • SoH State of Health
  • lead-acid batteries are inexpensive and suitable for long-term discharge at low C rates, but they cannot handle frequent charging and discharging or high C rates.
  • lithium-ion batteries are expensive, they are smaller than the lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries that have been used up until now, can be set to a high C-rate, and experience less deterioration during charging and discharging. In a system that requires discharging at various C-rates, it is desirable from a cost standpoint to use the cheapest battery type suitable for each mode, if possible.
  • a typical PCS connects the output of the storage battery and the DC/DC converter in parallel, boosting the entire output power of the storage battery.
  • the discharge current flows entirely within the DC/DC converter without being shunted, it is difficult to keep the circuit size and price down when used in high-voltage, high-power power supply equipment.
  • the storage battery system is connected directly to the main circuit without using a PCS in order to simplify the storage battery system, it is not possible to mix and use different batteries in parallel.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a storage battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the storage battery system 1 includes a discharge control device 10, a management device 20, and a storage battery 30.
  • the discharge control device 10 is a device that receives inputs from the management device 20 including a discharge command and a current command value or a current upper limit command, and actively controls the discharge current with the combined voltage of the storage battery and the capacitor, treating the capacitor connected in series with the battery as a virtual cell.
  • the discharge control device 10 performs current control with the output current as a target value, thereby maintaining a discharge current value suitable for the storage battery, and performs parallel operation with multiple storage batteries and DC power sources.
  • the management device 20 is, for example, a computer, and transmits information including a discharge command and a current command value or a current upper limit command to the discharge control device 10 based on user operations, etc.
  • the storage battery 30 includes one or more (n) battery cells. This allows control so that the rated system voltage V 1 [V] is applied to the main system, inverter, or load of the power supply facility.
  • V 1 [V] V batt + ⁇ [V].
  • Example 1 In this embodiment, an example will be described in which a discharge control device is connected in series to the positive electrode side of a storage battery.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a storage battery system according to Example 1 of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a protection circuit is omitted.
  • the storage battery system 1 according to this example includes a discharge control device 10, a management device 20, a storage battery 30, and a charging power source 40.
  • a load 50 and a DC power source 60 are connected to the storage battery system 1 as examples of a main system, an inverter, a load, etc. of a power supply facility with a rated system voltage V 1 [V].
  • the discharge control device 10 includes a control circuit 11, a power supply 12, a capacitor 13, a current sensor 14, a first voltage sensor 15, and a second voltage sensor 16.
  • the control circuit 11 determines control values for the voltage value V C1 and current value I 1 of the capacitor 13 based on a command value included in the information received from the management device 20 and the values of each sensor (the current sensor 14, the first voltage sensor 15 , and the second voltage sensor 16 ).
  • the power supply 12 is an isolated step-down DC/DC converter and is connected in parallel with the capacitor 13.
  • the capacitor 13 is connected in series with the storage battery 30.
  • the power supply 12 operates in response to a control signal from the control circuit 11.
  • the current sensor 14 detects a current value I1 output from the storage battery 30, and transmits a signal indicating the detected current value I1 to the control circuit 11.
  • the first voltage sensor 15 detects a voltage value V C1 across the capacitor 13, and transmits a signal indicating the detected voltage value V C1 to the control circuit 11.
  • the second voltage sensor 16 detects a voltage value V batt1 across the storage battery 30, and transmits a signal indicating the detected voltage value V batt1 to the control circuit 11.
  • the battery storage system 1 can perform active current control instead of constant voltage control.
  • the charging power source 40 may be connected in parallel with the storage battery 30 to perform charging according to the characteristics of the storage battery 30. In this way, since the discharge control device 10 controls the output current value I1 , it is not necessary to select a storage battery 30 according to the storage battery system 1, and any type of storage battery 30 can be used.
  • the discharge control device 10 may be connected in series to the negative terminal side of the storage battery 30, or two discharge control devices 10 may be connected to both terminals of the storage battery 30.
  • Example 2 A second embodiment will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a plurality of storage batteries are connected in parallel, and each output current value (e.g., I1 and I2 ) is controlled by a plurality of discharge control devices 10. Therefore, the following description of the second embodiment will focus on the differences from the first embodiment, and components having the same functional configuration as the first embodiment will be given the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a storage battery system according to Example 2 of an embodiment of the present invention. Protection circuits are omitted.
  • the storage battery system 1 according to this example includes a first discharge control device 10A, a second discharge control device 10B, a management device 20, a first storage battery 30A, and a second storage battery 30B.
  • the first storage battery 30A and the second storage battery 30B are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the first discharge control device 10A is connected in series with the first storage battery 30A.
  • the second discharge control device 10B is connected in series with the second storage battery 30B.
  • the first discharge control device 10A controls the output current value I1 of the first storage battery 30A.
  • the second discharge control device 10B controls the output current value I2 of the second storage battery 30B.
  • a current equivalent to the sum ( I1 + I2 ) of the respective current values flows through the load 50 and the DC power supply 60.
  • the management device 20 transmits information including a discharge command and a current command value or a current upper limit value command to each of the multiple discharge control devices (the first discharge control device 10A and the second discharge control device 10B).
  • load sharing can be achieved by using multiple storage batteries connected in parallel and controlling the output value of each storage battery using multiple discharge control devices.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the internal circuit of the discharge control device.
  • the protection circuit is omitted.
  • the power supply 12 included in the discharge control device 10 according to each of the above-mentioned embodiments includes a transformer 121, a switch 122, a voltage sensor 123, a first rectifier diode 124, a second rectifier diode 125, an inductor 126, and a current sensor 127.
  • the power supply 12 is used to control the voltage of the capacitor 13. Any type of power supply 12 can be used, but it is necessary to use a circuit that can insulate the primary side from the secondary side.
  • the control circuit 11 controls the ON/OFF of a switch 122 (e.g., a power semiconductor) based on the detection results of the voltage value V C1 and the current value I 1 of the capacitor 13, and controls the voltage value applied to the primary side of the transformer 121, thereby controlling the voltage value applied to the secondary side of the transformer 121 in accordance with the turns ratio of the transformer 121.
  • a switch 122 e.g., a power semiconductor
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a control circuit included in the internal circuit of the discharge control device.
  • the protection circuit is omitted.
  • the control circuit 11 is a circuit that controls V C1 while performing correction with the target value I * 1 of the current based on the rated system voltage value V * 1 of the power supply system.
  • the control circuit 11 obtains the target value V * C1 of the capacitor voltage V C1 to be controlled by subtracting the battery voltage V batt1 from the target value of V * 1.
  • the control circuit 11 converts the difference between the current value I 1 and the target current I * 1 into a voltage by the virtual impedance by the proportional controller K and subtracts it from the target value of V C1 .
  • This voltage control by the virtual impedance obtains a feedback control characteristic that approaches the desired current value while functioning as a droop control based on the current value I 1.
  • the voltage V ref which is the controlled amount, is limited by the protection circuit so that it is within the range of the rated system voltage of the power supply system.
  • the control circuit 11 determines a target voltage value based on the voltage value V C1 and the current values I 1 and IL detected by the respective sensors, and outputs a PWM signal indicating the determined voltage value to the switch 122 .
  • This control operation controls the voltage value V C1 and the current value I 1 , thereby realizing an active storage battery system 1 that controls the power output at the target current value I 1.
  • This allows the discharge control device 10 to realize a function similar to that of a PCS with a simple circuit.
  • the discharge control device 10 may detect an abnormal state of the storage battery 30 and the connected circuit, and control the voltage value of the capacitor 13, thereby controlling the current value I1 output from the storage battery 30 to 0 A.
  • the discharge control device 10 actively controls the output current of the storage battery (current control based on voltage control), so it is possible to incorporate droop characteristics into the control. Therefore, as shown in Example 2, even when multiple discharge control devices 10 are connected in parallel, they can share current or share the desired current and operate in cooperation as a distributed power source.
  • the voltage will not be boosted, but at least the discharge can continue via a rectifier diode, inductor, etc.
  • This specification describes at least the discharge control device and the storage battery system described in the following items.
  • (Section 1) A capacitor connected in series with the storage battery; a control circuit that controls a voltage value across the capacitor based on information indicating a discharge command and information indicating a command value for a current value output from the storage battery, so that the current value output from the storage battery becomes the command value or is equal to or less than the command value.
  • Discharge control device A capacitor connected in series with the storage battery; a control circuit that controls a voltage value across the capacitor based on information indicating a discharge command and information indicating a command value for a current value output from the storage battery, so that the current value output from the storage battery becomes the command value or is equal to or less than the command value.
  • (Section 2) a power supply connected in parallel with the capacitor; a current sensor that detects a current value output from the storage battery and transmits a signal indicating the detected current value to the control circuit; a first voltage sensor that detects a voltage value across the capacitor and transmits a signal indicative of the detected voltage value to the control circuit; a second voltage sensor that detects a voltage value across the storage battery and transmits a signal indicating the detected voltage value to the control circuit; the control circuit controls the power supply based on detection results of the current sensor, the first voltage sensor, and the second voltage sensor, thereby controlling the voltage value across the capacitor, thereby controlling the output current of the storage battery; 2.
  • the discharge control device according to claim 1.
  • the power source includes: a transformer having a primary side connected to the storage battery and a secondary side connected to the capacitor insulated from each other; a switch for controlling a voltage value applied to the primary side of the transformer; 3.
  • the power source includes: a rectifier diode connected to the secondary side to which the capacitor is connected; The rectifier diode continues discharging even if the switch fails. 4.
  • a storage battery system including a plurality of discharge control devices and a plurality of storage batteries, The plurality of storage batteries are connected in parallel to each other, Each discharge control device included in the plurality of discharge control devices is a capacitor connected in series to each of the plurality of storage batteries; a control circuit that controls a voltage value across the capacitor based on information indicating a discharge command and information indicating a command value for a current value output from each of the plurality of storage batteries, so that a current value output from each of the plurality of storage batteries becomes the command value or is equal to or less than the command value; Battery storage system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Ce dispositif de commande de décharge électrique comprend : un condensateur connecté en série à une batterie de stockage ; et un circuit de commande pour commander, sur la base d'informations indiquant une commande de décharge électrique et des informations indiquant une valeur de commande par rapport à une valeur de courant délivrée par la batterie de stockage, une valeur de tension aux deux extrémités du condensateur de telle sorte que la valeur de courant délivrée par la batterie de stockage est égale ou inférieure à la valeur de commande.
PCT/JP2022/035962 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 Dispositif de commande de décharge électrique et système de batterie de stockage WO2024069759A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2022/035962 WO2024069759A1 (fr) 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 Dispositif de commande de décharge électrique et système de batterie de stockage

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PCT/JP2022/035962 WO2024069759A1 (fr) 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 Dispositif de commande de décharge électrique et système de batterie de stockage

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004066472A1 (fr) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Circuit d'alimentation de batterie
JP2011193653A (ja) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-29 Univ Of Tokushima アクティブ制御蓄電池

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004066472A1 (fr) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Circuit d'alimentation de batterie
JP2011193653A (ja) * 2010-03-15 2011-09-29 Univ Of Tokushima アクティブ制御蓄電池

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