WO2024069015A1 - Article composite d'avoine, utilisations, procédé et kit correspondants - Google Patents

Article composite d'avoine, utilisations, procédé et kit correspondants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024069015A1
WO2024069015A1 PCT/EP2023/077275 EP2023077275W WO2024069015A1 WO 2024069015 A1 WO2024069015 A1 WO 2024069015A1 EP 2023077275 W EP2023077275 W EP 2023077275W WO 2024069015 A1 WO2024069015 A1 WO 2024069015A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oat
range
particularly preferably
composite article
composite
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PCT/EP2023/077275
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arnold Westerkamp
Ute GOOSSENS
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Westfiber Gmbh
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Application filed by Westfiber Gmbh filed Critical Westfiber Gmbh
Publication of WO2024069015A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024069015A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oat composite article comprising polymeric material and oat fibers. Further details of the oat composite article according to the invention can be found in the attached patent claims and in the following description.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of an oat composite article to produce an article.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of oat fiber to produce an oat composite article.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a polymer material to produce an oat composite article.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for producing an oat composite article.
  • the present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article. The details can be found in the attached patent claims and the following description.
  • Biocomposites are already known in the prior art.
  • Document EP 3 176 1 10 A1 discloses a biomaterial or biocomposite based on sunflower seed shells/husks, wherein sunflower seed shell/husk material is compounded with plastic material.
  • Document EP 0 976 790 A1 discloses a method for producing a composite material, in which a material comprising vegetable fibers is exposed to at least one pretreatment step and is then used in at least one thermoplastic process step.
  • Document EP 3 720 911 B1 discloses a wood-plastic composite composition
  • a wood-plastic composite composition comprising: at least one wood component, at least one thermoplastic polymer, wax hydrocarbons, oxidized hydrocarbons consisting of (modified) hydrocarbons having at least one of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylate and lactone groups, wherein the mixture consisting of the wax hydrocarbons and the oxidized hydrocarbons is a wax composition with a defined dynamic viscosity, a defined content of molecules in which the hydrocarbon chain is linear, a defined solidification point according to ASTM D 938, a defined content of oxidized hydrocarbons, a defined acid number according to ASTM D 1386 and wherein wax hydrocarbons are a Fischer-Tropsch wax and the oxidized hydrocarbons originate from an oxidation of a Fischer-Tropsch wax.
  • Patent EP 2 621 979 B1 discloses a biocomposite board comprising at least one natural fiber and at least one thermosetting biopolymer including a furan resin.
  • biocomposites with properties and combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention, which are produced as resource-efficiently as possible and with the use of as little energy as possible.
  • biocomposites whose ingredients are made entirely from renewable raw materials and have the properties and / or combinations of properties that are perceived as advantageous in the field of the present invention.
  • biocomposites that are biodegradable and compostable in accordance with the criteria of DIN EN 13432:2000-12 there is a particular need for biocomposites that are industrially compostable, i.e. that meet all of the TÜV AUSTRIA test criteria for certification with the “OK compost INDUSTRIAL (EN 13432)” label.
  • biocomposites that are home compostable i.e. that meet all of the TÜV AUSTRIA test criteria for certification with the “OK compost HOME” label.
  • biocomposites that are biodegradable in aquatic ecosystems are also desired.
  • microplastics i.e. solid, insoluble, particulate and non-biodegradable synthetic polymers in a size range of less than 5 millimeters to 1,000 nanometers.
  • biocomposites that do not contribute to microplastic pollution when released into the environment.
  • biocomposites known from the prior art each have colors that, in the field of the present invention, are perceived as aesthetically problematic in many cases. There is therefore a particular need for biocomposites with a coloring that is perceived as aesthetically advantageous, in particular for biocomposites with an advantageously light coloring and good printability. In the field of the present invention, it is desirable that these properties be achieved without the need for complex processing steps and/or without the biocomposites being mixed and/or treated with chemicals that are perceived as ecologically or climatically questionable. In particular, there is a need for biocomposites with an advantageously light color and good printability, which also have one, several or all of the advantages and properties listed above with regard to compostability.
  • biocomposites that are colored with positive results
  • biocomposites that are colored in light colors such as yellow. Coloring biocomposites with light colors such as yellow is generally not possible with satisfactory results in the field of the present invention.
  • the state of the art also shows a need for biocomposites that can be stored in granulated form for longer periods of time, at least for periods of time and under conditions that are usual in the field of plastics processing.
  • the biocomposite granules known from the state of the art often tend to form mold when stored under the storage conditions that are usual in the field of plastics processing; such mold formation is extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.
  • biocomposites that do not have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant.
  • the biocomposites known from the prior art generally have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant in the field of the present invention.
  • biocomposites that have an inherent odor that people perceive as pleasant or that do not have an inherent odor that humans perceive.
  • Charpy impact strength determined on the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1.
  • biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and/or processing food and are approved for such use in the European Union.
  • biocomposites that are suitable for packaging and/or processing food and are approved for such use in the European Union and at the same time meet some, preferably all, of the aforementioned needs, particularly with regard to compostability.
  • biocomposites known from the prior art are often not usable in the usual plastics processing plants because, for example, they are not sufficiently temperature-resistant and/or their flowability at the temperatures usual in plastics processing plants is not within an acceptable range.
  • biocomposites that can be used in the usual plastics processing plants.
  • biocomposites that can be processed in injection molding processes and/or compression molding processes.
  • biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional injection molding plants without the need for equipment modifications.
  • biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional compression molding presses for plastics without the need for equipment modifications There is also a particular need for biocomposites that are suitable for processing in conventional processes for deep drawing plastics.
  • biocomposites that are suitable for processing into films, particularly films that are suitable as packaging films for food.
  • biocomposites that have particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and/or water vapor permeability.
  • biocomposites that have particularly positive properties with regard to both oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability there is a very particular need for biocomposites that have particularly positive properties with regard to oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability and at the same time meet as many of the above-mentioned needs as possible, in particular with regard to compostability.
  • the state of the art also results in a need for manufacturing processes for biocomposites that meet as many of the above-mentioned requirements as possible without having to add additional substances in addition to the fiber component and the polymer component in order to meet the above-mentioned requirements.
  • the addition of additives is often associated with an undesirably high level of effort and regularly leads to an undesirably high environmental impact, namely through the manufacturing process, the packaging involved and the transport of the additives.
  • additives are regularly used in the prior art that reduce the compostability and/or food compatibility of the resulting biocomposites. This is extremely undesirable in the field of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates in its categories to a grain composite article, in particular oat composite article, a use of an oat composite article, a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, a use of a polymer material for producing an oat composite article, a method of production an oat composite article and a kit for producing an oat composite article.
  • Polymer material preferably biopolymer material and Oat fiber.
  • biocomposite refers to composite materials that contain natural fibers as a first material and polymers as a second material, bonded to them by a material or form fit or a combination of both.
  • a biocomposite can also include other materials or substances.
  • composite material is understood to mean, in accordance with the usual understanding of the person skilled in the art, a material made of two or more bonded materials, wherein the two or more bonded materials are connected to one another by means of a material or form fit or a combination of both.
  • grain composite is understood to mean composite materials that contain grain fibers, in particular oat fibers, as a first material and, connected by material or form fit or a combination of both, polymers as a second material. Grain composite can also include other materials or substances. In the context of this text, the term “grain composite” is encompassed by the term “biocomposite”.
  • the term “oat composite” refers to composite materials that contain oat fibers as a first material and polymers as a second material, bonded to them by a material or form fit or a combination of both. Oat composite can also include other materials or substances.
  • the term “oat composite” is included in the term “biocomposite”.
  • the term “oat composite” is included in the term “grain composite”.
  • grain composite granules is understood to mean a large number of grain composite particles, with the individual particles of the grain composite granules having an average diameter in the range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters.
  • a grain composite granulate can be poured. If the “cereal composite granules” are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is “dried grain composite granules”. Dried grain composite granules can also be poured.
  • oat composite granules is understood to mean a large number of particles consisting of oat composite, the individual particles of the oat composite granules having an average diameter in the range of a few millimeters to a few centimeters. Oat composite granules can be poured. If the “oat composite granules” are subjected to a drying process after production, the result is “dried oat composite granules”. Dried oat composite granules can also be poured.
  • cereal composite article in the context of the present invention includes the terms “cereal composite”, “cereal composite granules”, “dried cereal composite granules” and “cereal composite molded part” and in particular also the term “oat composite article” and thus the terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molded part”.
  • the “cereal composite article” is particularly preferably an oat composite article.
  • the term “oat composite article” includes the terms “oat composite”, “oat composite granules”, “dried oat composite granules” and “oat composite molded part”.
  • polymer is understood in accordance with the usual understanding of the person skilled in the art to mean a molecule with a high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of molecular units which are conceptually or actually derived from molecules with a lower relative molecular mass.
  • molecules with a high relative molecular mass are understood to mean molecules in which the addition or removal of one of the aforementioned units has no relevant effect on the molecular behavior.
  • biopolymer refers to polymers that are made from renewable raw materials.
  • polymer material refers to a material which essentially consists of polymer and/or biopolymer.
  • biopolymer material refers to a material which essentially consists of biopolymer.
  • compounding refers to the joining together of a polymer material on the one hand and natural fibers on the other, by means of a material or form fit or a combination of both.
  • additives e.g. fillers and/or additives.
  • cereals refers to the mostly annual plants of the sweet grass family (“Poaceae”) and their grains that are cultivated for their grains, in particular plants and grains of the spelled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelled and Oats are referred to as cereals in the context of the present invention.
  • the term “oats” means plants of the plant genus “Avena” from the family of “sweet grasses” (“Poaceae”).
  • the term “cereal fibers” is understood to mean fibers that are obtained through a comminution process from parts of grain, in particular the spelled grains einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet, spelled and/or oats.
  • the term “cereal fibers” includes the terms “cereal husk fibers” and “cereal husk fibers” and in particular also the terms “oat husk fibers” and “oat husk fibers”.
  • oat fibers refers to fibers that are obtained from parts of the oats by a comminution process.
  • oat fibers includes the terms “oat husk fibers” and “oat hull fibers”.
  • the term “cereal husk fibers” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of lemma (“Palea inferior”) of grain, especially oats, and parts of palea (“Palea superior 3 ’) of grain, especially oats , consists.
  • the term “oat husk fibers” is understood to mean a product that consists predominantly of parts of the lemma (“Palea inferior”) of oats and parts of the palea (“Palea superior 3 ’) of oats.
  • cereal husk fibres refers to a product which consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit husk, seed husk and aleurone layer of cereals, in particular oats.
  • oat hull fibres refers to a product that consists predominantly of parts of the epidermis, fruit husk, seed husk and aleurone layer of oats.
  • the grain composite article according to the invention in particular oat composite article, consists exclusively of polymer material and grain fibers, in particular oat fibers. In other cases, it is also preferred if the grain composite article, in particular oat composite article, contains other substances in addition to the components polymer material and grain fibers, in particular oat fibers.
  • oat fibers are used as grain fibers; oat husk fibers and/or oat husk fibers are preferably used, particularly preferably oat husk fibers and oat husk fibers.
  • the cereal composite article according to the invention in particular oat composite article, is characterized in particular by the advantageous combination of properties with regard to melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2, flexural elastic modulus, determined according to method A DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, tensile elongation, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2 and Charpy impact strength, determined on the unnotched test specimen, determined according to DIN EN ISO 179-1.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and/or home compostable.
  • the oat composite article is home compostable.
  • the fact that the oat composite item is compostable means that it is biodegradable and compostable according to the criteria of DIN EN 13432: 2000-12.
  • the fact that the oat composite article is industrially compostable means that a test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all TÜV Austria test criteria for certification with the label “OK compost INDUSTRIAL EN 13432”.
  • oat composite articles that are industrially compostable include polylactide (PLA) as the polymer material.
  • PLA polylactide
  • oat composite articles that are industrially compostable contain polylactide (PLA) as the only polymer material.
  • PLA polylactide
  • the fact that the oat composite article is home compostable means that a test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the "OK compost HOME" label.
  • oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polybutylene succinate and/or polybutylene succinate co-adipate and/or polyhydroxyalkanoate as the polymeric material.
  • oat composite articles that are home compostable comprise polybutylene succinate as the only polymeric material.
  • oat composite articles that are home compostable to comprise polybutylene succinate-co-adipate as the sole polymer material.
  • oat composite articles that are home compostable comprise polyhydroxyalkanoate as the only polymeric material.
  • test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm is marine compostable, which means that it meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the label “OK biodegradable MARINE” fulfilled.
  • test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the “OK biodegradable SOIL” label.
  • test specimen made from the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm meets all of TÜV Austria's test criteria for certification with the “OK biodegradable WATER” label.
  • the compostability of the oat composite article according to the invention requires that the oat composite article contains a compostable polymer material in addition to the oat fibers as polymer material.
  • the person skilled in the art is aware of appropriate compostable polymer materials and independently selects appropriate compostable polymer materials from the compostable polymer materials known to him according to the requirements of the individual case.
  • test specimen made of the material of the oat composite article with a maximum wall thickness of 0.5 mm is marine compostable, corresponding oat composite articles do not contribute to the environmental pollution with microplastics when intentionally and/or unintentionally released into the environment.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.
  • An oat composite article is recyclable if it can be recycled to produce a recyclate that can replace a brand-new product, a brand-new material or a brand-new substance in a production process.
  • an oat composite article is also recyclable if it can be used together with brand-new material in a production process; in these cases, the oat composite article replaces a portion of brand-new material.
  • An oat composite article is 100% recyclable if 100% by weight of its components can be used to produce recycled material that can be used to replace a brand-new product, a brand-new material and/or a brand-new substance in a production process.
  • an oat composite article is also 100% recyclable if 100% by weight of it can be used together with brand-new material in a production process; in these cases, the oat composite article replaces a portion of brand-new material.
  • an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred) is preferred, wherein the oat composite article is compostable, preferably industrially compostable and/or home compostable, and wherein the oat composite article is recyclable, preferably 100% recyclable.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
  • a polyhydroxyalkanoate is most preferably selected as the polymer material. In many cases it is particularly preferred if a biopolymer material is selected as the polymer material.
  • the oat composite articles each have particularly positive properties depending on the needs of the individual case and represent particularly advantageous solutions for the above-mentioned tasks and problems.
  • the person skilled in the art is aware that he to achieve particularly positive properties, it is used as a mixture with one or more other polymer materials defined above.
  • the oat composite article according to the invention contains polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylene succinate or polybutylene succinate co-adipate as polymer material. In many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article according to the invention contains a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoate and polybutylene succinate or a mixture of polyhydroxyalkanoate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate or a mixture of polybutylene succinate and polybutylene succinate co-adipate. In each case, the person skilled in the art chooses, based on the requirements of the individual case, whether the above-mentioned polymer materials are used individually or in one of the above-mentioned combinations.
  • the expert decides to use one of the above-mentioned combinations as a polymer material in the oat composite article, he will independently determine the mixing ratio according to the requirements of the individual case.
  • the person skilled in the art may carry out simple optimization tests, as are common in the field of the present invention.
  • the oat composite article has particularly positive properties, in particular a particularly advantageous surface structure, if a mixture comprising, preferably consisting of, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) is selected as the polymer material.
  • PBAT polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • an oat composite article is preferred whose wall thickness is in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 mm to 2.7 mm, most preferably in the range of 0.8 mm to 2.5 mm.
  • Oat composite articles with the polymer materials mentioned have particularly positive properties and combinations of properties in terms of compostability, good printability and a Charpy impact strength determined on the unnotched specimen in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179-1 that is perceived as advantageous.
  • corresponding oat composite articles have a color that is perceived as particularly aesthetically advantageous.
  • corresponding oat composite articles have temperature resistance and flow properties that make them suitable for processing in conventional plastics processing systems, in particular in injection molding processes and compression molding processes.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range from 60 wt.% to 90 wt.%, preferably in the range from 70 wt.% to 88 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 75 wt.% to 87 wt.%, very particularly preferably in the range from 81 wt.% to 86 wt.%, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article, and/or, preferably “and”, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignin in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, preferably in the range from 11 wt.% to 27.5 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range from 12
  • oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt. %, preferably less than 1.5 wt. %, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8 wt. % to 1.0 wt. %, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article.
  • the text “and/or, preferably “and”” in the present text means that either an “and” connection or an “or” connection is present, whereby it is preferred in each case that an “and” connection is present.
  • the dry mass of the oat fibers present in the oat composite article refers to the total dry mass of all oat fibers present in the respective oat composite article.
  • the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article contains no mannose at all.
  • a proportion of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde of 1 pg g -1 means that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry matter of the oat fibers used.
  • a proportion of ligocellulose in the range of 81 wt.% to 86 wt.% is particularly preferred, since the properties, in particular the combinations of properties, of the resulting oat composite article are then perceived as particularly positive in many cases.
  • an oat composite article whereby the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range of 81% by weight to 86% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and whereby the oat fibers in the oat composite -Article oat fibers present have a proportion of lignin in the range of 22% by weight to 25% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a proportion of hemicellulose in the range of 31, 5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, based on the dry matter of the oat fibers used, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a proportion of xylose in the range of 27.3% by weight to 29.9% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present
  • Oat composite articles that contain the substances defined above in the amounts defined above have combinations of properties that are perceived to be particularly advantageous in the field of the present invention in many cases.
  • oat composite articles are preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a hemicellulose content in the range of 31.5% by weight to 36.0% by weight, based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a xylose content in the range of 27.3% by weight to 29.9% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has an arabinose content in the range of 3.2% by weight to 3.8% by weight, based on the dry mass of the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article, and wherein the hemicellulose present in the oat composite article has a ratio of arabinose to xylose in the range of 0.1 to 0.2.
  • melt mass flow rate determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg
  • melt volume flow rate determined according to ISO 1133- 2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg in conjunction with a particularly advantageous bending elongation at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min.
  • Oat composite articles containing lignocellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, p-hydrobenzaldehyde, ferulic acid, proteins and lipids in the ranges specified above as preferred have particularly good properties when compounded with polymeric materials and lead to a particularly good quality in the field of the present invention positively perceived connection between oat fibers and polymers.
  • Oat composite articles which contain the above-mentioned substances in the above-mentioned amounts are particularly preferred in many cases because, when they are present in the oat composite article, many of the above-described effects and advantages of the present invention are achieved to a particular extent.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and / or, preferably "and" where the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average Have a thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and/or, preferably “and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range of 0.65 to 0.
  • pm means micrometer, i.e. one millionth of a meter.
  • oat composite articles are particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range from 0.6 to 0.95, preferably in the range from 0.65 to 0.90, particularly preferably in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average shape
  • oat composite articles in which the oat fibers have a number-weighted average length as defined above and at the same time a number-weighted average thickness as defined above have particularly positive properties and combinations of properties with regard to the following parameters: tensile strength, determined according to DIN EN ISO 527-2, bending stress at conventional deflection, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min, and bending strain at bending strength, determined according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min.
  • such oat composite articles are particularly preferred, wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range of 190 pm to 200 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range of 105 pm to 120 pm, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of 0.7 to 0.85, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number weighted average shape factor in the range of 1.05 to 1.35, and wherein the oat fibers present in the oat composite article have a number weighted average shape factor in the range of 0.45 to 0.58.
  • Oat composite articles in which the oat fibers contained have the combinations of properties defined above lead to particularly preferred properties and combinations of properties, which are perceived as particularly positive, particularly for compostable oat composite articles in the field of the present invention.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the proportion of oat fibers in the oat composite article is in the range from 5% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably in the range from 10% by weight to 42% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 20% by weight to 40% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 30% by weight to 35% by weight, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), additionally comprising one, two, three or more substances, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5 weight. -% based on the total mass of the oat composite article, which are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of:
  • Sugar preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch in a proportion of 3% by weight to 5% by weight, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article
  • Fertilizers preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article,
  • auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1% by weight to 3% by weight. -%, based on the total mass of the resulting grain composite article,
  • Dyes preferably food dyes, particularly preferably natural food dyes, very particularly preferably natural food dyes selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry dyes, beet dyes, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin.
  • a proportion of dyes in the oat composite article is preferred which is in the range of 2% by weight to 7% by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 3% by weight to 6% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 4% by weight to 5% by weight, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article. Streaking that occurs in some cases on the surface of the oat composite articles (this is often undesirable in the field of the present invention for optical reasons) can be concealed by adding dyes.
  • the blue dye with the product name “MB UN BLUE” and the product code “UN5002”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Color Service GmbH & Co. KG”, as the dye; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.
  • the pink dye with the product name “MB UN PINK” and the product code “UN33656” as the dye, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Color Service GmbH & Co. KG”; It is preferably used in the amounts stated above.
  • the yellow dye with the product name “MB UN YELLOW” and the product code “UN1057”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Color Service GmbH & Co. KG”, as the dye; it is preferably used in the quantities indicated above.
  • the green dye with the product name “MB UN GREEN” and the product code “UN67054” as the dye, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Color Service GmbH & Co. KG”; it is preferably used in the quantities specified above.
  • the color impression is even more positive if talc is used as the dye and/or if talc is used in addition to other dyes (preferably as described above as preferred).
  • the oat composite article according to the invention contains one, two, three or more additional substances in addition to the polymer material on the one hand and the oat fibers on the other.
  • the oat composite article contains the above-mentioned substances as additives.
  • the compostability of the oat composite article is often improved.
  • such an oat composite article is in many cases more quickly compostable than an oat composite article which, with otherwise the same composition, does not contain any sugar molecules in addition to the sugar molecules present in the oat fibers.
  • starch is not selected as the polymer material in the oat composite article, it is preferred in many cases if the total proportion of starch in the oat composite article is 8% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, particularly preferably at 3% by weight or less, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article.
  • the oat composite article contains fertilizers; this is especially the case, for example, if the oat composite article is compostable and is designed as a plant container, since plant shock can be avoided with appropriate plant containers.
  • Auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material are known to those skilled in the art; For example, he uses erucaric acid amide, as is commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® E SPEZIAL” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH from Düsseldorf; he additionally or alternatively uses polyol partial esters, such as those commercially available under the trade name “LOXIOL® P 728 BEADS” from Emrey Oleochemicals GmbH from Düsseldorf; additionally or alternatively replaces compositions such as those commercially available under the trade name “CITROFOL AI” from Jungbunzlauer Ladenburg GmbH from Ladenburg; In some cases, the person skilled in the art also uses inert polymers, such as those commercially available from the company under the trade name “BIOSTRENGTH® 150”.
  • ARKEMA GmbH from Düsseldorf are available; At least the latter are not biodegradable and are therefore only used if the requirements for the biodegradability of the oat composite article are correspondingly low.
  • the auxiliary materials used to improve the flow properties of the molten polymer material are selected in such a way that they comply with “Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of December 16, 2008 on classification , Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC and amending Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006", are not classified as dangerous.
  • the oat composite article does not contain any auxiliary substances to improve the flow properties.
  • dye refers to chemical compounds that have the property of coloring other materials.
  • food colorings refers in particular to food additives which have the property of coloring other materials and which are approved in accordance with the provisions of “Regulation (EC) No. 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives”.
  • natural food colorings in the context of the present invention, i.e. food colorings that can be obtained from plants or animals.
  • natural food colorings used in the oat composite article according to the invention are: carotenoids (E 160a), berry colorings (anthocyanins, E 163), beetroot colorings (betanin, E 162), carmine (E 120), paprika extract (E 160c) and Curcumin (E 100).
  • Coloring plant or fruit extracts such as the extracts of beetroot, spinach, elderberry, saffron and goldenseal, are also natural food colorings. Squid ink or sepia is also a natural food coloring.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part, wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt mass flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using Method B and using the parameters 190 ° C and 5 kg, in the range of 15 g / 10 min to 25 g/10 min, preferably in the range from 16 g/10 min to 24 g/10 min, particularly preferably in the range from 16.5 g/10 min to 23.8 g/10 min and/or, preferably “and” wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molding, has a melt volume flow rate, determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 ° C and 5 kg, in the range of 10 cm 3 /10 min to 105 cm 3 /10 min, preferably in the range from 12 cm 3 /10 min to 104 cm 3 /10 min, particularly preferably in
  • the pressure specification MPa means, here and below, “megapascal”, i.e. one million pascals.
  • the indication “kJ nr 2 ” means kilojoules per square meter.
  • the specialist selects oat composite articles that have one, several or all of the above properties. In some cases it is also preferred to select properties that fall outside the ranges defined above. The specialist recognizes these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case.
  • Oat composite articles in particular oat composite molded parts with the properties defined above in the areas defined above, are particularly preferred in many cases, depending on their use or planned use, since their properties are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention .
  • the properties defined above are preferred in the ranges defined above if the oat composite article, in particular the oat composite molded part, contains a biopolymer material as the polymer material.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas.
  • biocomposites such as those known from the prior art have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which prevents them from being used commercially or makes them less advantageous.
  • fragrances to mask an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant or to create an inherent odor that is perceived as pleasant is generally undesirable in the field of the present invention.
  • the oat composite article preferably the oat composite molded part
  • has an inherent smell of roasted aromas is perceived as particularly advantageous for commercial use in the field of the present invention.
  • the person skilled in the art identifies these cases based on the requirements of the specific individual case.
  • the other effects and advantages described above are also achieved here to a special extent.
  • the oat composite article preferably the oat composite molding, has a light color that is perceived as advantageous and can also be printed using the methods customary in the field of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), preferably an oat composite molding (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article Article, preferably the oat composite molding, complies with the requirements of EU Commission Regulation No. 10/2011 of January 14, 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.
  • biocomposites such as those known from the prior art have an inherent odor that is perceived as unpleasant, which in particular prevents or makes commercial use that involves contact with food less advantageous.
  • the oat composite article preferably the oat composite molded part, has an inherent smell of roasted aromas and at the same time meets the requirements of EU Commission Regulation No. 10/2011 of January 14, 2011 on materials and objects made of plastic that are intended to come into contact with food. This combination is regularly perceived as extremely positive in the field of the present invention.
  • the oat composite article preferably the oat composite molded part
  • the oat composite article is suitable for use in the packaging and/or processing of foodstuffs; in particular, in many cases it is preferred if the oat composite article is also approved for this purpose in the European Union.
  • the person skilled in the art identifies suitable polymer materials from his or her specialist knowledge that may be present in a food-grade oat composite article.
  • the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part is heat-treated and/or free of harmful substances.
  • the oat composite article, preferably the oat composite molded part is food-safe, free of harmful substances and heat-treated.
  • the food-grade oat composite article preferably the food-grade oat composite molded part
  • is compostable preferably industrially compostable, particularly preferably home compostable.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat composite article can be stored at temperatures in the range between 0°C and 25°C, preferably between 1°C and 23°C, particularly preferably between 4°C and 20°C and at a defined air humidity in the range of 0% to 10% relative humidity, preferably in the range of 1% to 9% relative humidity, particularly preferably in the range of 1% to 8% relative humidity over a period of at least 12 months, preferably of at least 18 months, particularly preferably of at least 24 months, very particularly preferably of at least 36 months without the formation of mold.
  • Oat composite articles that have a moisture content in the range of 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3 wt.% to 9 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 6 wt.% to 8 wt.%, have a particularly advantageous storage capacity.
  • the expert dries the oat composite articles if necessary before storage; he independently selects the appropriate drying method from the drying methods known to him according to the requirements of the individual case.
  • oat composite articles are often stored at temperatures and humidity levels in the specified ranges.
  • the oat composite article is an oat composite granulate or a dried oat composite granulate, intermediate storage regularly occurs before further processing steps such as injection molding or compression molding. Mold formation is possible during storage in the area of the previous underlying invention is regularly undesirable.
  • Oat composite articles which are storable at the temperatures and humidities indicated above for at least a period of time as defined above are in many cases extremely preferred in the field of the present invention.
  • the present invention also relates to a use of an oat composite article, preferably a compostable oat composite article, particularly preferably an industrially compostable oat composite article, very particularly preferably a home-compostable oat composite article, selected from the group consisting of:
  • Oat composite molding for producing an article, preferably for producing an article selected from the group consisting of:
  • Plant articles, agricultural articles and/or forestry articles preferably in particular plant pots, silage films, plant fastening clips and growth covers, in particular browsing protection, weed barriers and covers for protection against frost,
  • Disposable tableware and disposable cutlery preferably in particular disposable bowls, disposable plates, lids for disposable coffee cups, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for cold drinks, disposable containers, preferably disposable cups, for hot drinks, disposable knives, disposable forks, disposable spoons, disposable coffee spoons, disposable stirrers, disposable sticks,
  • Reusable tableware and reusable cutlery preferably in particular reusable bowls, reusable plates, lids for reusable coffee cups, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups for cold drinks, reusable containers, preferably reusable cups, for hot drinks, reusable knives, reusable forks, reusable tablespoons, reusable coffee spoons, reusable stirrers, reusable chopsticks,
  • Carrier bags especially shopping bags and garbage bags
  • Flocculants wet wipes, bristles for sweepers, mowing threads, mulching films, binding threads, films for dishwasher tabs, floral foam, chewing gum, dirt erasers, micro-composite particles for cosmetics, fishing products, granules for transport purposes, especially for the transport of stone slabs and/or concrete slabs , bird ringing, proportions of fireworks, scouring threads, seed coating and
  • Disposable packaging preferably disposable packaging for food, in particular coffee capsules, tea bags and films for packaging fruit.
  • the articles specified above are produced using an oat composite article according to the invention in a particularly positive design and with properties or combinations of properties that are perceived as particularly positive in the field of the present invention.
  • the The respective manufacturing processes are carried out particularly efficiently and/or in a resource-saving manner through the use of an oat composite article according to the invention.
  • abrasive threads are also referred to by the term “dolly ropes”.
  • the present invention also relates to a use of oat fibers for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as described above as preferred.
  • oat husk fibers and/or oat hull fibers are preferably used to produce an oat composite article, particularly preferably oat husk fibers and oat hull fibers.
  • the present invention also relates to a use of a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:
  • mixtures thereof preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • Polybutylene succinate co-adipate for producing an oat composite article preferably as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing an oat composite article, preferably as described above, preferably as described above as preferred, selected from the group consisting of:
  • Mixtures thereof preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • mixtures thereof is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • Oat fibers preferably oat husk fibers and/or oat husk fibers, particularly preferably oat husk fibers and oat husk fibers.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), selected from the group consisting of:
  • Granulation of the oat composite to produce oat composite granules Granulation of the oat composite to produce oat composite granules.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred) selected from the group consisting of: dried oat composite granules and
  • Drying the oat composite granules to result in dried oat composite granules preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 12%, particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 10%, most particularly preferably dried oat composite granules with a moisture content of less than 9%.
  • Methods of drying granules are known to the person skilled in the art. He or she identifies the required parameters independently according to the needs of the individual case. Before drying, the oat composite granules usually have a moisture content of around 35% if they were produced using a water bath with subsequent strand granulation.
  • the storage life of the granules can be advantageously increased without the formation of mold; the dried oat composite granules have an advantageously longer storage life without the formation of mold compared to the non-dried oat composite granules.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), with the following steps for producing the article:
  • the present invention in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), comprising the following steps for producing the article:
  • the present invention in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), with the following step for producing the article:
  • the present invention in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), the resulting oat composite article being in the form of a film, with the following step for producing the Article: Extrusion, casting, calendering or blow molding, preferably blow molding and/or extrusion, particularly preferably blow molding, of the oat composite, so that an oat composite article results in the form of a film.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), preferably for producing an oat composite molding (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred referred to), wherein the compounding takes place in a temperature range from 180 ° C to 230 ° C, preferably in a temperature range from 185 ° C to 220 ° C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 188 ° C to 215 ° C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range of 190 ° C to 210 ° C and / or, preferably "and wherein the polymer material is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Mixtures thereof preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • mixtures thereof is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • mixtures thereof is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • Polybutylene succinate co-adipate when industrially compostable oat composite articles are produced using the method according to the invention, it is preferred in some cases to select polylactide as the polymer material. In many cases, polylactide can be obtained particularly easily and inexpensively in terms of ecological and economic aspects.
  • polybutylene succinate and/or polybutylene succinate-co-adipate are in many cases particularly preferably used in the process according to the invention, particularly with regard to their advantageous ecological aspects.
  • polyhydroxyalkanoate is preferably selected as the polymer material.
  • polyhydroxyalkanoate is also preferably selected as the polymer material when marine-compostable oat composite articles are produced using the method according to the invention.
  • a particularly high proportion of oat fiber can also be used in many cases in the method according to the invention.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite molded part (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the melting and processing during injection molding takes place up to immediately before contact with a mold and/or a water bath in a temperature range from 80 °C to 230 °C, preferably in a temperature range from 100 °C to 220 °C, particularly preferably in a temperature range from 110 °C to 210 °C, very particularly preferably in a temperature range from 120 °C to 200 °C, preferably in a temperature range from 150 °C to 180 °C and/or Preferably “and” during injection molding, the mold immediately before contact with the molten oat composite has a temperature in the range from 15 °C to 50 °C, preferably a temperature in the range from 20 °C to 40 °C, particularly preferably a Temperature in the range of 25 °C to 38 °C, particularly preferably a
  • the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold.
  • the oat composite granulate is dried to a moisture content of 0.6% by weight or less, particularly preferably 0.5% by weight or less, very particularly preferably 0.4% by weight or less, before injection molding. In this way, better results are obtained in many cases, particularly in cases where the mold used in injection molding is a cold runner mold. The probability of defects occurring in the resulting molded part during injection molding is reduced in this way.
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), with the following steps:
  • a method for producing an oat composite article comprising the following steps:
  • the present invention relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein the oat shells and / or oat husks are cleaned at least partially by boiling in water at 100 ° C and subsequent pressing, preferably carried out by pressing with a Pondorf screw press, and/or, preferably “and
  • drying is carried out as indirect drying, preferably as indirect drying on a belt dryer or in a drying cabinet, preferably on a belt dryer, and/or, preferably “and”
  • the drying is carried out such that the resulting dried cleaned oat husks and/or dried cleaned oat husks have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, most preferably less than 4% by weight, and/or, preferably “and”
  • the dried cleaned oat husks and/or dried cleaned oat husks used in the grinding have a water content of less than 7% by weight, preferably less than 6% by weight, particularly preferably less than 5% by weight, very particularly preferably less than 4% by weight, at the beginning of the grinding, and/or, preferably “and” wherein the grinding is carried out with an impact disk mill, preferably the grinding is carried out with an impact disk mill at a temperature of 75°C, particularly preferably at a temperature of 75°C and with a residence time of 1 minute, and/or, preferably “and” wherein when sieving the ground oat husks and/or the ground oat husks so that oat fibers and a residue result in the sieve, a sieve with a mesh size of 300 micrometers or less, preferably 200 micrometers or less, particularly preferably 160 micrometers or less, very particularly preferably 120 micrometers is used.
  • oat composite articles are obtained which can be stored for a particularly long time without the formation of mold. Both by cleaning the oat shells as described above and by drying them with the drying times and temperatures specified, the storage capacity without the formation of mold is increased. In many cases, it is preferred if the oat fibers resulting from sieving the ground oat shells are an organic product within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2018/848 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 on organic production and labeling of organic products and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 834/2007.
  • EU Regulation
  • the resulting oat fibers from sieving the ground oat shells are vegan.
  • the drying of the cleaned oat husks so that dried cleaned oat husks result comprises a drying step, wherein the cleaned oat husks are exposed to a temperature of 90°C to 100°C for 20 minutes.
  • the duration of the drying of the cleaned oat husks so that dried cleaned oat husks result is selected so that the resulting dried cleaned oat husks have a moisture content of 6%. If the drying is carried out in this way, the resulting dried cleaned oat husks have particularly low levels of bacteria and fungi, in particular molds.
  • indirect drying is preferred, which avoids contact with smoke and the pollutants regularly contained in smoke.
  • Such indirect drying is selected in particular when a low pollutant load in the resulting dried, cleaned oat husks is desired.
  • oat fibers are produced using a manufacturing process that is particularly economically and ecologically advantageous compared to other natural fibers.
  • oat fibers when the respective raw materials for the fibers are processed in mills, oat fibers have particularly low abrasion and particularly low corrosion properties compared to the processing of other raw materials such as wood or sunflower shells.
  • the result is usually oat fibers which are more difficult to dose and which lead to less advantageous results when used in a process (as described above, preferably as referred to as preferred above) or when used to produce an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to as preferred above).
  • a process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is therefore carried out in such a way that the energy used to generate heat is generated by burning biomass.
  • a process according to the invention for producing an oat composite article is carried out in such a way that energy used for purposes other than heat generation comes from heat recovery and/or from renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, the combustion of biomass and/or wind energy.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, relates in particular and preferably to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as described above as preferred), wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of any further Materials are made so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; or in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, other substances are added to the molten polymer material as additives, preferably in a combined total proportion of 2 to 5% by weight based on the total mass of all substances used during compounding, which are also present during subsequent compounding, These additional substances are preferably selected as additives from the group consisting of:
  • Sugar preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch in a proportion of 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding,
  • Fertilizers preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.% based on the total mass of all substances used in compounding,
  • auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliary materials to improve the flow properties of the melted polymer material in a proportion of 1% by weight to 3% by weight, based on the total mass of the resulting grain composite article,
  • Colorants preferably food colorants, particularly preferably natural food colorants, very particularly preferably natural food colorants selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry colorants, beetroot colorants, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin.
  • the specialist independently selects suitable fertilizers from the well-known fertilizers for garden and balcony plants according to the needs of the individual case. For example, in cases in which guano should not be used or should not be used alone, the specialist can use the following commercially available fertilizers, but can also select other fertilizers not listed here:
  • Nitrogen fertilizers for example lime ammonium nitrate, urea, Piagran pro, Alzon neo-N and ammonium nitrate-urea solution
  • Nitrogen fertilizers with sulphur for example ammonium sulphate nitrate Piamon S, Do- mogran, Piasan-S, Domamon L 26
  • Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers for example DAP 18/46 and NP 10/34
  • Phosphorous fertilizers for example triple superphosphate, P40 and dolophos and
  • Potassium fertilizers for example 60er Kali, Korn-Kali, polysulfate.
  • the present invention in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a process for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: the compounding takes place exclusively between the polymer material and the oat fibers, without the addition of further substances, so that the resulting oat composite consists exclusively of the polymer material produced or provided and the oat fibers produced or provided; and when compounding the molten polymer material with the oat fibers produced or provided in a predetermined ratio so that the oat composite results, the predetermined ratio is selected such that it corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 5 wt.% to 45 wt.%, preferably corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 10 wt.% to 42 wt.%, particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 20 wt.% to 40 wt.%, very particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 30 wt.% to 35 wt.%, in each
  • the present invention in its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method of producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein: the melted polymer material, in addition to the oat fibers produced or provided, contains one, two, three or more additional substances are added as additives, which are also present during the subsequent compounding, preferably these are one, two, three or more additional substances as additives, preferably selected from the group consisting of: Sugar, preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch, particularly preferably glucose, sucrose and/or starch in a proportion of 3% by weight to 5% by weight, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article
  • Fertilizers preferably fertilizers in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article, particularly preferably guano in a proportion of 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting oat composite article
  • auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material, particularly preferably bio-based and biodegradable auxiliaries for improving the flow properties of the molten polymer material in a proportion of 1 wt.% to 3 wt.%, based on the total mass of the resulting cereal composite article,
  • Dyes preferably food dyes, particularly preferably natural food dyes, very particularly preferably natural food dyes selected from the group consisting of: carotenoids, berry dyes, beetroot dyes, carmine, paprika extract and curcumin; preferably in an amount of 2% by weight to 7% by weight, preferably in an amount of 3% by weight to 6% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 4% by weight to 5% by weight %, in each case based on the total mass of the oat composite article, and when compounding the molten polymer material with at least the oat fibers produced or provided in a predetermined quantitative ratio, so that the oat composite results, the predetermined quantitative ratio is selected so that there is a proportion of oat fibers of 5% by weight to 45% by weight, preferably corresponds to a proportion of oat fibers of 10% by weight to 42% by weight, particularly preferably a proportion of 20% by weight to 40% by weight, entirely particularly preferably corresponds to a proportion of 30% by weight
  • the oat fibers used in the compounding corresponds to the additive used in compounding: per 100 g of combined total mass of polymer material and oat fibers and additive, 68 g of polymer material and 30 g of oat fibers and 2 g of additive are used.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the polymer material used to produce an oat composite article has a density, determined according to method A of ISO 1 183-1, in the range from 1 g ern 3 to 2 g ern 3 , preferably a density in the range from 1.0 g ern 3 to 1.6 g ern 3 , particularly preferably a density in the range from 1.1 g ern 3 to 1.3 g ern 3 , very particularly preferably a density in the range from 1.23 g ern 3 to 1.26 g ern 3 , and/or, preferably “and” a melt mass flow rate determined according to ISO 1133-2 using method B and using the parameters 190 °C and 5 kg, in the range from 2 g/10 min to 50 g/10 min, preferably in the range of 2.5 g/10 min to 35 g/10 min,
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of lignocellulose in the range from 60% by weight to 90% by weight, preferably in the range from 70% by weight to 88% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 75% by weight to 87% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 81% by weight to 86% by weight, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used, and/or, preferably “and”, wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a proportion of lignin in the range from 10% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably in the range from 11% by weight to 27.5% by weight, particularly preferably in the range from 12% by weight to 26% by weight, very particularly preferably in the range from 22% by weight to 25% by weight, in each case based on on
  • oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a lipid content of less than 2 wt. %, preferably less than 1.5 wt. %, particularly preferably a lipid content in the range from 0.8 wt. % to 1.0 wt. %, in each case based on the dry mass of the oat fibers used.
  • a p-hydroxybenzaldehyde content of 1 pg-g -1 means that one microgram of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde is present per gram of dry mass of the oat fiber used.
  • the hemicellulose in the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article contains no mannose at all.
  • a proportion of ligocellulose in the range of 81 to 86% by weight is particularly preferred, since the properties of the resulting oat composite article are then perceived to be particularly positive in many cases.
  • the present invention with its various aspects, particularly and preferably relates to a method for producing an oat composite article (as described above, preferably as referred to above as preferred), wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average length in the range from 100 pm to 300 pm, preferably in the range from 120 pm to 250 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 150 pm to 220 pm, preferably in the range from 190 pm to 200 pm, and/or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat composite article have a number-weighted average thickness in the range from 30 pm to 200 pm, preferably in the range from 50 pm to 150 pm, particularly preferably in the range from 90 pm to 130 pm, preferably in the range from 105 pm to 120 pm, and/or, preferably “and” wherein the oat fibers used to produce the oat fibers used in the oat composite article have a number-weighted average convexity in the range of
  • the present invention also relates to a kit for producing an oat composite article, comprising at least as spatially separately arranged components: a polymer material, preferably a polymer material selected from the group consisting of:
  • Mixtures thereof preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • Oat fibers preferably oat husk fibers and/or oat hull fibers, particularly preferably oat husk fibers and oat hull fibers.
  • the kit according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out methods according to the invention with which oat composite articles are produced.
  • Cereal fibers from other cereals in particular from the hulled cereals einkorn, emmer, kamut, barley, millet and spelt, can each be produced and used in an equivalent manner.
  • Example B1 Production of oat fibers
  • oat fibers from oat husks so-called "oat husk fibers”
  • oat fibers from oat husks so-called “oat husk fibers”
  • oat fibers from oat husks so-called “oat husk fibers”
  • oat fibers can also be produced together from oat husks and oat husks.
  • Oat husks were used as an example.
  • the oat husks were blown loose into a silo, then removed from the silo, mixed with water and cleaned on a washing line as described below.
  • the oat husks mixed with water were kept at a temperature of 100°C for 40 minutes.
  • the cooked oat husks were then reduced to a water content of 35% using a Pondorf screw press, resulting in the contaminant-containing press water and cleaned oat husks.
  • the cleaned oat husks were dried using a belt dryer with heat recovery of the type Stela RECU DRY - BTU RecuDry 1-6200-19.5, built in 2020, for 20 minutes at 90 °C to a moisture content of 6%, resulting in dried, cleaned oat husks.
  • the dried, cleaned oat husks were then ground using a Herbold impact disk mill of the type PU 1250 GR, built in 2018, to produce ground oat husks.
  • the ground oat husks were sieved on a Rüter Kreuzjoch Plansichter 1500 plan sifter with rotary disk distributor to a mesh size of 120 pm, resulting in oat fibers and a residue in the sieve.
  • the resulting oat fibers were transported to a silo using compressed air and stored there temporarily.
  • Example B2 Analysis of oat fibres
  • a suitable amount of oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above was placed in a 1 L plastic bag and carefully mixed in the bag. Then a suitable amount of sample was taken from the bag with a brush, applied to a slide glass (4.9 x 4.9 cm) and spread out over the surface. To fix the flatly distributed oat fibers, another slide glass was placed on top as a cover glass and both slide glasses were fixed together with a strip of adhesive tape. The slide glasses connected in this way with the flatly distributed oat fibers enclosed between them were then placed in a film guide and then scanned with a slide scanner type Dimage Scan Elite 5400 II (Konica Minolta).
  • the selected resolution of the slide scanner was 1200 dpi; which corresponds to a lower resolution limit of 5 pm.
  • the image analysis was carried out using the analysis software "Fib-reshape" from IST AG, St. Gallen, Switzerland, with the parameters given in Table 1.
  • a mean fiber length, weighted by number, of 194.38 pm with a standard deviation of 281.88 pm was determined.
  • convexity, shape factor and ferret axis ratio were determined with equal weighting using the FibreShape method: the mean value of convexity was 0.8260 with a standard deviation of 0.1024; the mean value of the shape factor was 1.0740 with a standard deviation of 0.2221; the mean value of the ferret axis ratio was 0.5737 with a standard deviation of 0.1535.
  • the determined percentiles of the fiber lengths are given in Table 2.
  • a percentile of 0% indicates that no fiber is shorter than the corresponding specified value.
  • a percentile of 10% indicates that 10% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value.
  • a percentile of 50% indicates that 50% of the fibers are shorter than the corresponding specified value and a percentile of 100% indicates that no fiber is longer than the corresponding specified value, i.e. that 100% of the analyzed fibers are shorter than this value.
  • convexity was 0.7344 with a standard deviation of 0.1446
  • the mean value of the shape factor was 1.3447 with a standard deviation of 0.4076
  • the mean value of the ferret axis ratio was 0.4892 with a standard deviation of 0.1822.
  • Example B2-1 Analysis of oat fibre components
  • Oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above were analyzed as described below.
  • Table 5 Results of the determination of vitamins Further investigations of the oat fibres produced according to Example B1 above have shown that oat fibres containing minerals, trace elements and vitamins as listed above in Table 4 and Table 5, result in particularly advantageous properties of oat composite articles made therefrom with regard to industrial compostability and home compostability.
  • Dietary fibre content was determined according to AOAC 991.43 and AOAC 2009.1; high molecular weight fibre, HMWDF, and soluble fibre, SDF, were determined according to AOAC 991.43; total fibre, TDF, was determined according to AOAC 2009.1.
  • the content of high molecular weight fiber, HMWDF, determined according to AOAC 991.43 was 84.10 g / 100 g sample.
  • the content of soluble fiber, SDFS, determined according to AOAC 991.43 was below the limit of quantification of 0.50 g / 100 g sample.
  • the total fiber, TDF, determined according to AOAC 2009.1 was 84.60 g / 100 g sample.
  • Enterobacteriaceae were determined in oat fibers produced according to Example B1 above in accordance with ISO 21528-2: 2017-06; The result was a value of 230 cfu/g.
  • the two mycotoxins “deoxynivalenol” and “zearalenone” were determined using HPLC MS/MS in oat fibers produced according to example B1 above. Both values were below the respective limit of quantification of 100 pg/kg for deoxynivalenol and 5 pg/kg for zearalenone.
  • Example B2-2 Analysis of spelled fiber components
  • oat fibers in this example is merely an example; oat fibers made from oat husks can also be used.
  • compound materials can be produced in an equivalent manner using the procedure described in this example using grain fibers that are not oat fibers.
  • polymer materials in this example is merely exemplary. Depending on the requirements of the individual case, the expert also independently selects other suitable polymer materials and carries out appropriate compounding.
  • T7-1 Commercially available as 0120 from Westfiber
  • T7-2 Commercially available as 0400 from Westfiber
  • the oat fibers used here were oat fibers with a proportion of bran (oat peel bran);
  • the oat fibers used in recipe R9 had a sugar content (calculated as sucrose) of 0.60% by weight and a starch (polar) content of 12.00% by weight, each based on the total mass of the oat fibers used in recipe R9 .
  • PHA Polyhydroxyalkanoate
  • PBSA 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid
  • PAT polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PBAT-PLA polybutylene adipate terephthalate
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • the polybutylene succinate (PBS) used was “PBS Regiogradable”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “Biovox”.
  • PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
  • BioPBSTM FD92PM commercially available from the manufacturer “Mitsubishi Chemical Performance Polymers, Inc.”, was used as PBSA.
  • the PBAT-PLA used was “ecovio®”, which is commercially available from the manufacturer “BASF”.
  • Zone 1 25 °C
  • Zone 2 210 °C
  • Zone 3 210 °C
  • Zone 4 190 °C
  • Zone 5 190 ° C
  • Zone 6 190 °C
  • Zone 7 205 °C
  • Zone 8 205 °C.
  • the compounded strands were cooled at 15°C to 20°C in a water bath with subsequent strand granulation.
  • B3-2 Comparative samples
  • Table 8 Comparison recipes VR1, VR2, VR3, VR4, VR5 and VR6 for comparison granules not according to the invention
  • T8-1 Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.
  • T8-2 Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF.
  • T8-4 Commercially available as C120 from Westerkamp GmbH.
  • T8-5 Sunflower husk meal obtained by pre-crushing and subsequent grinding on an impact disk mill and sieving in a plansifter to 120 pm.
  • Zone 1 25 °C
  • Zone 2 210 °C
  • Zone 3 210 °C
  • Zone 4 190 °C
  • Zone 5 190 ° C
  • Zone 6 190 °C
  • Zone 7 205 °C
  • Zone 8 205 °C.
  • the compounded strands were cooled at 15 °C to 20 °C in a water bath with subsequent strand granulation.
  • Example B4 Residual material moisture
  • An oat composite granulate was obtained using recipe R1, from which a sample P1-B4 was taken; With the recipe R2 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P2-B4 was taken; With the recipe R3 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P3-B4 was taken; With the recipe R4 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P4-B4 was taken; With the recipe R5 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P5-B4 was taken; With the recipe R6 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P6-B4 was taken; With the recipe R7 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P7-B4 was taken; With the recipe R8 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P8-B4 was taken; With the recipe R9 an oat composite granulate was obtained, from which a sample P9-B
  • the samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet.
  • comparison granules were produced according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.
  • comparison formulation VR1 a comparison granulate was obtained, from which a comparison sample VP1-B4 was taken;
  • the comparison formulation VR2 a comparison granulate was obtained, from which a comparison sample VP2-B4 was taken;
  • comparison formulation VR3 a comparison granulate was obtained, from which a comparison sample VP3-B4 was taken;
  • the comparison formulation VR4 a comparison granulate was obtained, from which a comparison sample VP4-B4 was taken;
  • the comparison formulation VR5 a comparison sample granulate was obtained, from which a comparison sample VP5-B4 was taken;
  • the comparison formulation VR6 a comparison granulate was obtained, from which a comparison sample VP6-B4 was taken.
  • the comparison samples were taken immediately after granulation and then immediately transferred to a drying cabinet.
  • the samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4, P4-B4, P5-B4, P6-B4, P7-B4, P8-B4 and P9-B4 and the comparison samples VP1-B4, VP2-B4, VP3-B4, VP4-B4, VP5-B4 and VP6-B4 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80° C for a period of 16 hours. Immediately afterwards, the residual moisture content of the material was determined according to DIN EN ISO 15512:2019, method E, using an Aquatrac-V analyzer from Brabender®.
  • the material residual moisture of samples P1-B4, P2-B4, P3-B4 and P4-B4 ranged from 0.49% to 0.56%.
  • the material residual moisture of samples P5-B4, P6-B4 and P7-B4 ranged from 0.037% to 0.087%.
  • the residual material moisture of sample P8-B4 was 0.081%.
  • the residual material moisture of the comparison samples VP1-B4 and VP2-B4 ranged from 0.18% to 0.375%.
  • the residual material moisture in the comparison sample VP3-B4 was 1.33%.
  • the residual material moisture of the comparison sample VP4-B4 was 0.141%.
  • the residual material moisture of the comparison sample VP5-B4 was 0.123%.
  • the residual moisture content of the comparison sample VP6-B4 was 0.098%.
  • Example B5 Injection molding processing
  • an oat composite granulate G1-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R2, an oat composite granulate G2-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R3, an oat composite granulate G3-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R4, an oat composite granulate G4-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R5, an oat composite granulate G5-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R6, an oat composite granulate G6-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R7, an oat composite granulate G7-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R8, an oat composite granulate G8-B5 was obtained; with the recipe R9, an oat composite granulate G9-B5 was obtained.
  • the oat composite granules were immediately transferred to a drying oven immediately after granulation and dried there at 80 ° C for a period of 16 hours. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately afterwards in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to produce type A test specimens standardized in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167 as well as stair step panels and panels (test panels) with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a length and width of at least 2.5 cm each.
  • the stair tread plates were 56 mm wide and 90 mm long, with material thicknesses extending across the full width and arranged in steps, graduating from 3 mm to 2 mm to 1 mm.
  • the individual stair treads each had surface dimensions of 56 mm by 30 mm when viewed from above.
  • Table 9 Target processing temperatures for injection molding with the injection molding machine
  • T9-1 Commercially available as PBS Regiogradable from Biovox.
  • T9-2 Commercially available as PHI 002 from NaturePlast.
  • T9-3 Commercially available as ecovio® from BASF.
  • a comparison granulate VG1-B5 was obtained using the comparison formulation VR1; A comparison granulate VG2-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR2; A comparison granulate VG3-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR3; A comparison granulate VG4-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR4; a comparison granulate VG5-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR5; A comparison granulate VG6-B5 was obtained with the comparison formulation VR6.
  • the granules were immediately transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there at 80 ° C for a period of 16 hours. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately afterwards in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to form type A comparison test specimens standardized in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167 as well as comparison stair step panels and panels (test panels) with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a length and width of at least 2.5 cm each.
  • the target processing temperatures for injection molding are listed in Table 9. From the oat composite granulate G1-B5, test specimens of the type PK1-B5 and stair step plates of the type TP1-B5 and test plates of the type TESTPLATTE1-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G2-B5, test specimens of the type PK2-B5 and stair step plates of the type TP2-B5 and test plates of the type TESTPLATTE2-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G3-B5, test specimens of the type PK3-B5 and stair step plates of the type TP3-B5 and test plates of the type TESTPLATTE3-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite granules G4-B5, test specimens of the type PK4-B5 and stair step plates of the type TP4-B5 and test plates of the type TESTPLATTE4-B5 were obtained; From the oat composite gran
  • Comparative test specimens of the type VPK1-B5 and comparison stair step slabs of the type VTP1-B5 were obtained from the comparison granulate VG1-B5; Comparison test specimens of the type VPK2-B5 and comparison stair step slabs of the type VTP2-B5 were obtained from the comparison granulate VG2-B5; Comparative test specimens of the type VPK3-B5 and comparison stair step slabs of the type VTP3-B5 were obtained from the comparison granulate VG3-B5; Comparison test specimens of the type VPK4-B5 and comparison stair step panels of the type VTP4-B5 were obtained from the comparison granulate VG4-B5; Comparison test specimens of the type VPK5-B5 and comparison stair step panels of the type VTP5-B5 were obtained from the comparison granulate VG5-B5; Comparison test specimens of the type VPK6-B5 and comparison stair step panels of the type VTP6-B5 were obtained from the comparison granulate
  • the oat composite granules G9-B5 obtained were immediately transferred to a drying oven and dried there at 80 ° C for a period of 16 hours. It was then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately afterwards in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to produce type A test specimens standardized in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167 as well as stair step panels and panels (test panels) with a thickness of 0.4 mm and a length and width of at least 2.5 cm each.
  • the stair step panels had a width of 56 mm and a length of 90 mm, with material thicknesses extending over the full width, arranged in steps, graduated from 3 mm to 2 mm to 1 mm.
  • the individual steps each had surface dimensions of 56 mm by 30 mm.
  • Test specimens of type PK9-B5, stair tread plates of type TP9-B5 and test plates of type TESTPLATTE9-B5 were obtained from the oat composite granulate G9-B5.
  • stair treads of type TP1-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP1-B6-01, TP1-B6-02, TP1-B6-03, TP1-B6-04, TP1-B6-05, TP1-B6-06, TP1-B6-07, TP1-B6-08, TP1-B6-09 and TP1-B6-10.
  • stair treads of type TP2-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP2-B6-01, TP2-B6-02, TP2-B6-03, TP2-B6-04, TP2-B6-05, TP2-B6-06, TP2-B6-07, TP2-B6-08, TP2-B6-09 and TP2-B6-10.
  • stair treads of type TP3-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP3-B6-01, TP3-B6-02, TP3-B6-03, TP3-B6-04, TP3-B6-05, TP3-B6-06, TP3-B6-07, TP3-B6-08, TP3-B6-09 and TP3-B6-10.
  • stair treads of the type TP4-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP4-B6-01, TP4-B6-02, TP4-B6-03, TP4-B6-04, TP4-B6-05, TP4-B6-06, TP4-B6-07, TP4- B6-08, TP4-B6-09 and TP4-B6-10.
  • stair treads of the type TP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the stair treads TP5-B6-01, TP5-B6-02, TP5-B6-03, TP5-B6-04, TP5-B6-05, TP5-B6-06, TP5-B6- 07, TP5-B6-08, TP5-B6-09 and TP5-B6-10.
  • stair treads of type TP6-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP6-B6-01, TP6-B6-02, TP6-B6-03, TP6-B6-04, TP6-B6-05, TP6-B6-06, TP6-B6-07, TP6-B6-08, TP6-B6-09 and TP6-B6-10.
  • stair treads of type TP7-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP7-B6-01, TP7-B6-02, TP7-B6-03, TP7-B6-04, TP7-B6-05, TP7-B6-06, TP7-B6-07, TP7-B6-08, TP7-B6-09 and TP7-B6-10.
  • stair treads of type TP8-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP8-B6-01, TP8-B6-02, TP8-B6-03, TP8-B6-04, TP8-B6-05, TP8-B6-06, TP8-B6-07, TP8-B6-08, TP8-B6-09 and TP8-B6-10.
  • stair treads of type TP9-B5 were manufactured, namely stair treads TP9-B6-01, TP9-B6-02, TP9-B6-03, TP9-B6-04, TP9-B6-05, TP9-B6-06, TP9-B6-07, TP9-B6-08, TP9-B6-09 and TP9-B6-10.
  • comparison stair tread plates of the type VTP1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair tread plates VTP1-B6-01, VTP1-B6-02, VTP1-B6-03, VTP1-B6-04, VTP1-B6-05, VTP1-B6-06, VTP1-B6-07, VTP1-B6-08, VTP1-B6-09 and VTP1-B6-10.
  • comparison stair treads of the type VTP2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP2-B6-01, VTP2-B6-02, VTP2-B6-03, VTP2-B6-04, VTP2-B6-05, VTP2-B6-06, VTP2-B6-07, VTP2-B6-08, VTP2-B6-09 and VTP2-B6-10.
  • comparison stair treads of the type VTP3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP3-B6-01, VTP3-B6-02, VTP3-B6-03, VTP3-B6-04, VTP3-B6-05, VTP3-B6-06, VTP3- B6-07, VTP3-B6-08, VTP3-B6-09 and VTP3-B6-10.
  • comparison stair treads of type VTP4-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair treads VTP4-B6-01, VTP4-B6-02, VTP4-B6-03, VTP4-B6-04, VTP4-B6-05, VTP4-B6-06, VTP4-B6-07, VTP4-B6-08, VTP4-B6-09 and VTP4-B6-10.
  • comparison stair tread plates of the type VTP5-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair tread plates VTP5-B6-01, VTP5-B6-02, VTP5-B6-03, VTP5-B6-04, VTP5-B6-05, VTP5-B6-06, VTP5-B6-07, VTP5-B6-08, VTP5-B6-09 and VTP5-B6-10.
  • comparison stair tread plates of the type VTP6-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison stair tread plates VTP6-B6-01, VTP6-B6-02, VTP6-B6-03, VTP6-B6-04, VTP6-B6-05, VTP6-B6-06, VTP6-B6-07, VTP6-B6-08, VTP6-B6-09 and VTP6-B6-10. All of the stair tread plates and comparison stair tread plates produced in Example B6 were dried in a drying oven at 80°C for a period of 16 hours.
  • the stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the room air.
  • One stair tread of each type and one comparison stair tread of each type were then presented to a member of an untrained sensory panel consisting of ten people for evaluation. In a blind test, all members of the sensory panel assessed the inherent smell.
  • the inherent odor of the stair treads of types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP 3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5, TP8-B5 and TP9-B5 was rated significantly more positively than the inherent odor of the stair treads of types VTP1-B5, VTP2-B5, VTP3-B5, VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5.
  • the inherent odor of the stair treads of types VTP4-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5 was rated as the least positive.
  • stair tread plates of the TP1-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP1-B7-01, TP1-B7-02, TP1-B7-03, TP1-B7-04, TP1-B7-05, TP1-B7-06, TP1-B7-07, TP1-B7-08, TP1-B7-09 and TP1-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP2-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP2-B7-01, TP2-B7-02, TP2-B7-03, TP2-B7-04, TP2-B7-05, TP2-B7-06, TP2-B7-07, TP2-B7-08, TP2-B7-09 and TP2-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP3-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP3-B7-01, TP3-B7-02, TP3-B7-03, TP3-B7-04, TP3-B7-05, TP3-B7-06, TP3-B7-07, TP3-B7-08, TP3-B7-09 and TP3-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP4-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP4-B7-01, TP4-B7-02, TP4-B7-03, TP4-B7-04, TP4-B7-05, TP4-B7-06, TP4-B7-07, TP4-B7-08, TP4-B7-09 and TP4-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP5-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP5-B7-01, TP5-B7-02, TP5-B7-03, TP5-B7-04, TP5-B7-05, TP5-B7-06, TP5-B7-07, TP5-B7-08, TP5-B7-09 and TP5-B7-10.
  • stair step plates of the TP6-B5 style were produced, namely the stair step plates TP6-B7-01, TP6-B7-02, TP6-B7-03, TP6-B7-04, TP6-B7-05, TP6-B7-06 , TP6-B7-07, TP6-B7-08, TP6-B7-09 and TP6-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP7-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP7-B7-01, TP7-B7-02, TP7-B7-03, TP7-B7-04, TP7-B7-05, TP7-B7-06, TP7-B7-07, TP7-B7-08, TP7-B7-09 and TP7-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP8-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP8-B7-01, TP8-B7-02, TP8-B7-03, TP8-B7-04, TP8-B7-05 , TP8-B7-06, TP8-B7-07, TP8-B7-08, TP8-B7-09 and TP8-B7-10.
  • stair tread plates of the TP9-B5 design were produced, namely the stair tread plates TP9-B7-01, TP9-B7-02, TP9-B7-03, TP9-B7-04, TP9-B7-05, TP9-B7-06, TP9-B7-07, TP9-B7-08, TP9-B7-09 and TP9-B7-10.
  • comparative stair step plates of the type VTP1-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP1-B7-01, VTP1-B7-02, VTP1-B7-03, VTP1-B7-04, VTP1- B7-05, VTP1-B7-06, VTP1-B7-07, VTP1-B7-08, VTP1-B7-09 and VTP1-B7-10.
  • comparative stair step plates of the type VTP2-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP2-B7-01, VTP2-B7-02, VTP2-B7-03, VTP2-B7-04, VTP2- B7-05, VTP2-B7-06, VTP2-B7-07, VTP2-B7-08, VTP2-B7-09 and VTP2-B7-10.
  • comparison stair step plates of the type VTP3-B5 namely the comparison stair step plates VTP3-B7-01, VTP3-B7-02, VTP3-B7-03, VTP3-B7-04, VTP3-B7-05, VTP3-B7-06, VTP3-B7-07, VTP3-B7-08, VTP3-B7-09 and VTP3-B7-10.
  • comparison stair step plates of the type VTP4-B5 were produced, namely the comparison stair step plates VTP4-B7-01, VTP4-B7-02, VTP4-B7-03, VTP4-B7-04, VTP4- B7-05, VTP4-B7-06, VTP4-B7-07, VTP4-B7-08, VTP4-B7-09 and VTP4-B7-10.
  • comparative stair step plates of the type VTP5-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP5-B7-01, VTP5-B7-02, VTP5-B7-03, VTP5-B7-04, VTP5- B7-05, VTP5-B7-06, VTP5-B7-07, VTP5-B7-08, VTP5-B7-09 and VTP5-B7-10.
  • comparative stair step plates of the type VTP6-B5 were produced, namely the comparative stair step plates VTP6-B7-01, VTP6-B7-02, VTP6-B7-03, VTP6-B7-04, VTP6- B7-05, VTP6-B7-06, VTP6-B7-07, VTP6-B7-08, VTP6-B7-09 and VTP6-B7-10. All of the stair step slabs and comparison stair step slabs produced in Example B7 were dried in a drying cabinet at 80 ° C over a period of 16 hours.
  • the stair treads and comparison stair treads were then cooled to room temperature in the room air.
  • One stair tread of each type and one comparison stair tread of each type were then presented to a member of an untrained panel of ten people for evaluation. In a blind test, the brightness of the color impression, which is often desired in the field of the present invention and perceived as positive, was evaluated.
  • the brightness of the color impression of the stair treads according to the invention of the types TP1-B5, TP2-B5, TP 3-B5, TP4-B5, TP5-B5, TP6-B5, TP7-B5, TP8-B5 and TP9-B5 was on average rated significantly more positively than that of the comparison stair treads of the types VTP1-B5, VTP2-B5, VTP3-B5, VTP5-B5 and VTP6-B5.
  • An oat composite granulate G1-B8 was obtained with the recipe R1; an oat composite granulate G2-B8 was obtained with the recipe R2; an oat composite granulate G3-B8 was obtained with the recipe R3; An oat composite granulate G4-B8 was obtained with the recipe R4.
  • the oat composite granules were transferred to a drying cabinet and dried there for 16 hours at 80°C. They were then removed from the drying cabinet and immediately processed in a KraussMaffei KM 50-180 AX injection molding machine to produce type A test specimens standardized in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167 and stair treads.
  • the target processing temperatures for injection molding are listed in Table 9.
  • comparison granules were prepared according to the procedure in Example B3, Section 3-2 above.
  • a comparative granulate VG1-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR1; a comparative granulate VG2-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR2; and a comparative granulate VG3-B8 was obtained with the comparative recipe VR3.
  • the oat composite granules and the comparison granules were immediately transferred to a drying cabinet immediately after granulation and dried there at 80 ° C for a period of 16 hours.
  • melt mass flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR) were each determined according to method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011; A load of 5 kg and a test temperature of 190°C were selected. A specified piston travel of 2 mm was selected in accordance with point 12 g) for method B of DIN EN ISO 1 133-1:2011.
  • MFR means melt mass flow rate as defined in DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.
  • MFR refers to the mean value of the melt mass flow rate values obtained from a cylinder filling as defined in point 12 h) of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.
  • MFR means melt volume flow rate as defined in DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.
  • MVR refers to the mean value of the melt volume flow rate values obtained from a cylinder filling as defined in point 12 h) of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.
  • the term “measurement time” refers to the duration of the measurement as defined in point 12 g) for method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011.
  • the piston travel within the meaning of point 12 g) for method B of DIN EN ISO 1133-1:2011 results from the difference between the respective piston positions at the start and end of the measurement.
  • test specimens of the type PK1-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK1-B9-01, PK1-B9-02, PK1-B9-03, PK1-B9-04 and PK1-B9-05.
  • test specimens of the type PK2-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK2-B9-01, PK2-B9-02, PK2-B9-03, PK2-B9-04 and PK2-B9-05.
  • test specimens of the type PK3-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK3-B9-01, PK3-B9-02, PK3-B9-03, PK3-B9-04 and PK3-B9-05.
  • test specimens of the type PK4-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK4-B9-01, PK4-B9-02, PK4-B9-03, PK4-B9-04 and PK4-B9-05.
  • comparison test specimens of the type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B9-01, VPK1-B9-02, VPK1-B9-03, VPK1-B9-04, VPK1-B9-05.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK2-B9-01, VPK2-B9-02, VPK2-B9-03, VPK2-B9-04, VPK2-B9-05.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK3-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK3-B9-01, VPK3-B9-02, VPK3-B9-03, VPK3-B9-04, VPK3-B9-05.
  • the density of the test specimens produced in Example B9 and the density of the comparison test specimens produced in Example B9 were determined according to method A (immersion method) of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019. Freshly deionized water was used as the immersion liquid within the meaning of point 5.1 .2 of DIN EN ISO 1183-1:2019, to which a proportion of 0.1% ethanol was added as a wetting agent to support the separation of air bubbles; the temperature of the immersion liquid was 27°C ⁇ 2°C. No correction for air buoyancy was made. For each sample, 5 individual measurements were carried out on different test specimens or comparison specimens of the same composition. The results of the density determinations are listed in Tables 17 and 18.
  • Example B10 Determination of tensile properties
  • test specimens of type PK1-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK1-B10-01, PK1-B10-02, PK1-B10-03, PK1-B10-04, PK1-B10-05, PK1-B10-06, PK1-B10-07, PK1-B10-08, PK1-B10-09 and PK1-B10-10.
  • test specimens of type PK2-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK2-B10-01, PK2-B10-02, PK2-B10-03, PK2-B10-04, PK2-B10-05, PK2-B10-06, PK2-B10-07, PK2-B10-08, PK2-B10-09 and PK2-B10-10.
  • test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK3-B10-01, PK3-B10-02, PK3-B10-03, PK3-B10-04, PK3-B10-05, PK3-B10-06, PK3-B10-07, PK3-B10-08, PK3-B10-09 and PK3-B10-10.
  • test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK4-B10-01, PK4-B10-02, PK4-B10-03, PK4-B10-04, PK4-B10-05, PK4-B10-06, PK4-B10-07, PK4-B10-08, PK4-B10-09 and PK4-B10-10.
  • comparison test specimens of type VPK1-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK1-B10-01, VPK1-B10-02, VPK1-B10-03, VPK1-B10-04, VPK1-B10-05, VPK1-B10-06, VPK1-B10-07, VPK1-B10-08, VPK1-B10-09 and VPK1-B10-10.
  • comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK2-B10-01, VPK2-B10-02, VPK2-B10-03, VPK2-B10-04, VPK2-B10- 05, VPK2-B10-06, VPK2-B10-07, VPK2-B10-08, VPK2-B10-09 and VPK2-B10-10.
  • comparison test specimens of type VPK3-B5 were manufactured, namely the comparison test specimens VPK3-B10-01, VPK3-B10-02, VPK3-B10-03, VPK3-B10-04, VPK3-B10-05, VPK3-B10-06, VPK3-B10-07, VPK3-B10-08, VPK3-B10-09, VPK3-B10-10.
  • the tensile properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B10 and the tensile properties of the comparison test specimens prepared in Example B10 were determined according to DIN EN ISO 527- 2:2012.
  • the tensile modulus, tensile strength, tensile elongation, breaking stress, breaking elongation and dimensions of the specimens used were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2:2012. The maximum force applied was also determined.
  • the tensile properties were determined on a Zwick Roell Z020 device and with a pneumatic specimen holder of type 8497 30 kN.
  • the load cell was 20 kN.
  • the test speed was 1 mm/min for determining the characteristic value in the elastic range and 50 mm/min for determining the characteristic value in the plastic range.
  • the clamping length at the start position was 115.00 mm and the measuring length was 75 mm. In each case
  • the test specimens were used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C specimen temperature and at a relative humidity of 50 %.
  • Example B11 Determination of bending properties
  • test specimens of the type PK1-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK1 -B11 -01, PK1 -B11 -02, PK1 -B11 -03, PK1 -B11 -04 and PK1 -B11 -05.
  • test specimens of the type PK2-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK2-B11-01, PK2-B11-02, PK2-B11-03, PK2-B11-04 and PK2-B11-05.
  • test specimens of the type PK3-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK3-B11-01, PK3-B11-02, PK3-B11-03, PK3-B11-04 and PK3-B11-05.
  • test specimens of the type PK4-B5 were produced, namely the test specimens PK4-B11-01, PK4-B11-02, PK4-B11-03, PK4-B11-04 and PK4-B11-05.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK1-B11-01, VPK1-B11-02, VPK1-B11-03, VPK1-B11-04 and VPK1-B11-05.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK2-B11-01, VPK2-B11-02, VPK2-B11-03, VPK2-B11-04 and VPK2-B11-05.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK3-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK3-B11-01, VPK3-B11-02, VPK3-B11-03, VPK3-B11-04 and VPK3-B11-05.
  • the bending properties of the test specimens prepared in Example B11 and the bending properties of the comparison test specimens prepared in Example B11 were determined according to Method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019, with a preload of 0.1 MPa and a test speed of 2 mm/min.
  • the bending properties were determined using a Zwick Roell Z2.5kN TN device.
  • the load cell was 2.5 kN.
  • the support distance was 64 mm.
  • a sample support with a radius of 5 mm was used.
  • the test specimens were used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C sample temperature and at a relative humidity of 50 %.
  • the flexural elastic modulus, the flexural stress at conventional deflection, the flexural strength, the flexural strain at flexural strength, the flexural stress at break and the flexural strain at break were determined, each according to method A of DIN EN ISO 178:2019 with the parameters specified above. In addition, the maximum force applied and the dimensions of the test specimens used were determined.
  • test specimens of type PK1-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK1-B12-01, PK1-B12-02, PK1-B12-03, PK1-B12-04, PK1-B12-05, PK1-B12-06, PK1-B12-07, PK1-B12-08, PK1-B12-09, PK1-B12-10, PK1-B12-11 and PK1-B12-12.
  • test specimens of type PK2-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK2-B12-01, PK2-B12-02, PK2-B12-03, PK2-B12-04, PK2-B12-05, PK2-B12-06, PK2-B12-07, PK2-B12-08, PK2-B12-09, PK2-B12-10, PK2-B12-11 and PK2- B12-12.
  • test specimens of type PK3-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK3-B12-01, PK3-B12-02, PK3-B12-03, PK3-B12-04, PK3-B12-05, PK3-B12-06, PK3-B12-07, PK3-B12-08, PK3-B12-09, PK3-B12-10, PK3-B12-11 and PK3- B12-12.
  • test specimens of type PK4-B5 were manufactured, namely test specimens PK4-B12-01, PK4-B12-02, PK4-B12-03, PK4-B12-04, PK4-B12-05, PK4-B12-06, PK4-B12-07, PK4-B12-08, PK4-B12-09, PK4-B12-10, PK4-B12-11 and PK4-B12-12.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK1-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK1-B12-01, VPK1-B12-02, VPK1-B12-03, VPK1-B12-04, VPK1-B12-05, VPK1-B12-06, VPK1-B12-07, VPK1-B12-08, VPK1-B12-09, VPK1-B12-10, VPK1-B12-11 and VPK1-B12-12.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK2-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK2-B12-01, VPK2-B12-02, VPK2-B12-03, VPK2-B12-04, VPK2-B12-05, VPK2-B12-06, VPK2-B12-07, VPK2-B12-08, VPK2-B12-09, VPK2-B12-10, VPK2-B12-11 and VPK2-B12-12.
  • comparative test specimens of the type VPK3-B5 were produced, namely the comparative test specimens VPK3-B12-01, VPK3-B12-02, VPK3-B12-03, VPK3-B12-04, VPK3-B12-05, VPK3-B12-06, VPK3-B12-07, VPK3-B12-08, VPK3-B12-09, VPK3-B12-10, VPK3-B12-11 and VPK3-B12-12.
  • the Charpy impact strength of the test specimens produced in Examples B10 and B12 and the Charpy impact strength of the comparison test specimens produced in Examples B10 and B12 were determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010 using the ISO 179-1/1 eU method.
  • the type A test specimens were shortened to 80 mm +/- 2 mm in accordance with DIN EN ISO 3167:2014 point 3 and then inserted.
  • the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens or specimens was determined on a Zwick device Roell HIT 25P performed.
  • the nominal working capacity of the pendulum was 5 joules.
  • the test specimens were used at 23 °C room temperature and 23 °C test specimen temperature and at a relative humidity of 50%.
  • the results of the respective Charpy impact strength determinations are listed in Tables 28 to 34.
  • Ec means the corrected work (in Joules) that is absorbed to break the test specimen.
  • C for the type of failure has the meaning according to DIN EN ISO 179-1:2010, namely that a complete break, including hinge break, has occurred.
  • Table 28 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK1-B5
  • Table 29 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK2-B5
  • Table 30 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK3-B5
  • Table 31 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched test specimens of type PK4-B5
  • Table 32 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparison test specimens of type VPK1 -B5
  • Table 33 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparison test specimens of type VPK2-B5
  • Table 34 Determination of the Charpy impact strength of unnotched comparative test specimens type VPK3-B5
  • Example B13 Aerobic quantitative disintegration test in compost at room temperature
  • Test plates of type TESTPLATTE9-B5 see example B5A above.
  • Thickness 0.40 mm ⁇ 0.02 mm
  • test item is neither dried nor soaked in distilled water before starting. Incubation at 28°C ⁇ 2°C to simulate home composting conditions;
  • the compost is not dried before sieving.
  • the dry matter of the cleaned sample is determined.
  • Total Solids Total solids was determined by drying at 105°C for at least 14 hours and weighing. The total solids content is given as a percentage of the wet weight.
  • Thickness After an acclimatization period of 24 hours at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity, 10 points on the test specimen were measured. The measurement was carried out with a universal table micrometer (accuracy of 0.1 pm) according to ISO 534 Paper and board - Determination of thickness, density and specific volume (2011).
  • Total nitrogen The determination of total nitrogen after dry combustion was carried out using the Dumas method.
  • the sample was weighed in a tin foil. Depending on the matrix, the sample was first dried and/or (cryogenically) ground.
  • the tin foil containing the sample was burned in a high-temperature oven at 980 °C with the addition of pure oxygen (02).
  • the resulting gas mixture consisting of water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and nitrogen, was passed through a helium carrier gas.
  • the nitrogen oxides were reduced to elemental nitrogen on a copper surface and the water and carbon dioxide were separated.
  • the carrier gas flowed throughout the system and was continuously measured with a thermal conductivity (TOD) detector. However, at the end of the analysis, the TOD measures a mixture of carrier gas and N2. This difference in gas composition creates a measurable voltage difference for the TOD, which was then used to calculate the nitrogen content of the sample.
  • TOD thermal conductivity
  • Volatile Solids/Ash Volatile solids and ash content was determined by heating the dried sample at 550°C for at least 4 hours and weighing. The results are given as a percentage of the dry matter.
  • reactors measuring 30 cm x 20 cm x 13 cm (L, W, H) were used to quantitatively evaluate the disintegration of Otura® Homecompostable oat fiber compound.
  • the reactors contained an 80/20 mixture of ⁇ 10 mm mature compost and freshly ground vegetable, garden and fruit waste (VGF) as well as 1.0% by weight test plates (test item as defined above).
  • the mature compost was a mixture of mature VGF (vegetable, garden and fruit waste) and green compost.
  • VGF compost was obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and further stabilized and aerated in a pilot composting plant in the laboratory under controlled conditions to obtain a fully mature compost.
  • the age of the VGF compost was 18 weeks.
  • the green compost was obtained from garden waste, tree cuttings, tree roots and tree stumps and stabilized in a large-scale composting facility. The composts were mixed in a ratio of 50% VGF compost and 50% green compost.
  • the 1.0% test specimen concentration was used to determine and quantitatively evaluate the decomposition of the test specimen.
  • the exact test setup for the quantitative test is shown in Table 35.
  • test plates test items
  • Table 37 shows the results of the chemical analyzes at the end of the test. A comparable volatile solids content was measured for the different replicates and normal pH values were determined. The C/N ratio of the different replicates varied between 7 and 8.
  • test panels were examined at room temperature using test plates (test items) of the type TESTPLATTE1-B5 (see Example B5 above) (thickness: 0.40 mm ⁇ 0.02 mm; length and width: 2.5 cm each; weight per unit area: 799 g/m 2 ⁇ 14 g/m 2 ). The result showed that the test panels are compostable.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un article composite d'avoine comprenant un matériau polymère et des fibres d'avoine, l'article composite d'avoine étant compostable.
PCT/EP2023/077275 2022-09-30 2023-10-02 Article composite d'avoine, utilisations, procédé et kit correspondants WO2024069015A1 (fr)

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