WO2024068940A1

WO2024068940A1 - Cosmetic hair care composition comprising particular amino silicones and fragrance substances, and cosmetic hair treatment process

Info

Publication number: WO2024068940A1
Application number: PCT/EP2023/077082
Authority: WO
Inventors: Adrien BENAZZOUZ; Sophie Bourel; Roxane Gavillon; Sylvain HARRAULT
Original assignee: L'oreal; Momentive Performance Materials Inc.
Priority date: 2022-09-30
Filing date: 2023-09-29
Publication date: 2024-04-04
Also published as: FR3140272A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cosmetic hair care composition comprising: - one or more particular amino silicones, having an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.29 meq/g and a weight-average molecular mass ranging from 10 000 to 100 000; and - from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more fragrance substances. The invention also relates to a cosmetic hair treatment process using said composition.

Description

Cosmetic hair care composition comprising particular amino silicones and fra- grance substances, and cosmetic hair treatment process The present invention relates to a cosmetic hair care composition comprising one or more particular amino silicones and one or more fragrance substances, and to a cos- metic hair treatment process using said composition. The hair is sensitive to many types of attack and can be embrittled and damaged to various extents by the external environment, in particular by the action of atmospheric agents such as light, atmospheric pollution and bad weather, and also by mechanical or chemical treatments, such as brushing, combing, dyeing, bleaching, permanent-wav- ing and/or relaxing, or even repeated washing. The properties of damaged hair are then degraded and various manifestations of the damage can be seen, such as difficulties in disentangling and in styling the head of hair, a lack of softness of the hair, hair which can over time become dry, brittle or dull, in particular at fragile spots, and more particularly at the ends. To overcome these drawbacks, and in particular to repair damaged hair, it is common practice to make use of cosmetic hair compositions for conditioning the hair by giving it satisfactory cosmetic properties. Current compositions generally aim to reduce sur- face defects of the hair in particular by depositing compounds with a conditioning af- finity, such as silicones, and more particularly amino silicones. The effects obtained are generally based on the use of high contents of silicones, which however may have the drawback of a weighing-down effect, or loss of lightness, of the head of hair. In addition, although there are numerous care formulas for hair repair, they do not gen- erally give the hair entirely satisfactory and long-lasting cosmetic properties, most par- ticularly when the hair is very embrittled, sensitized or damaged. Thus, it has been observed that, for the most damaged hair, the level of care may prove insufficient; in particular, the smooth nature (visual and to the touch) of the head of hair, and its soft- ness, could be further improved. Moreover, these effects can only generally be discerned at the time of application and for a few hours thereafter. Finally, the use of high silicone contents may be viewed unfavourably by consumers. The aim of the invention is therefore to propose a cosmetic hair care composition which solves the above-mentioned problems, and in particular will provide a high level of care and conditioning to the hair, in particular to the most damaged hair, these effects being discernible even at low contents of amino silicone. Another aim of the present invention is to propose compositions which are effective in terms of the cosmetic properties given to the hair, both at the time of application and also in a manner that lasts over time. It is known, moreover, that cosmetic compositions may comprise fragrance substances that can be released during application of the composition and, advantageously, can be deposited on the hair, for subsequent release over time (this being referred to as the persistence of the fragrance). However, there is still a need for compositions enabling better deposition of the fra- grance substances on the hair, or at least deposition which will manifest itself in more lasting release, better persistence of the fragrance substances from the hair, while re- taining the usage and cosmetic properties provided by the composition. A further object of the present invention is to provide a composition which results in appropriate deposition and also effective persistence of the fragrance substances on the hair, especially on hair which has been weakened, sensitized or damaged. A subject of the present invention is therefore a cosmetic hair care composition, com- prising: - one or more amino silicones of formula (I) as defined below; and - from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more fragrance substances. It has been observed that the composition according to the invention is easy to rinse off, making it possible to avoid using large quantities of water to eliminate it, where appropriate, for example when the composition is in the form of a shampoo or condi- tioner to be rinsed off. After application, it gives a good level of care, in particular a smooth nature to the touch and visually, softness, a uniform coating from the root to the end, and therefore repair of damaged ends, and also ultimately a clean and natural feel to the hair, without weighing it down. The care and repair benefits are highly pronounced, while maintain- ing added value in terms of lightness and cleanliness. Further phenomena observed have been better definition of curls when the composi- tion is applied to curly hair, and also an effect of manageability and control of the hair, and effective control of volume. These care, lightness and clean feel properties are significant immediately after appli- cation and remain discernible for at least 24 hours, or until the next shampoo wash. They may even persist after a shampoo wash. In addition, these cosmetic performance qualities, in particular of disentangling, soft- ness, smoothness and coating, may advantageously be obtained with a low silicone content, in particular a lower content than the content customarily used. Moreover, the compositions according to the invention give off a pleasant odour with good intensity on application; it has also been noted that the odour provided by the cosmetic compositions according to the invention tends to wear off less rapidly after application, and exhibits better persistence, especially when applied to damaged hair. In the present description, and unless otherwise indicated: - the term “molecular weight” is equivalent to the term “molecular mass”; - the expression "at least one" is equivalent to the expression "one or more" and can be replaced therewith; - the expression "between" is equivalent to the expression "ranging from" and can be replaced therewith, and implies that the limits are included. In the context of the invention, “cosmetic hair care composition” means a cosmetic composition for washing (or cleansing) the hair and/or for conditioning the hair. Said composition may be any form that can be envisaged by those skilled in the art, and may comprise the additional ingredients customarily employed in this type of com- position. This cosmetic hair care composition, particularly for washing and/or conditioning the hair, may be, for example, a shampoo, a pre-shampoo (to be applied before a shampoo), a conditioner, a hair mask, a hair serum, it being possible for these compositions to be rinsed off or left in after application. In a known manner, the composition may be in the form of gels, hair lotions and care creams which are relatively thick. In the context of the present invention, the cosmetic hair care composition is advanta- geously a shampoo, a conditioner or a hair mask, it being possible for these composi- tions to be rinsed off or left on after application. The composition may therefore comprise, in a known manner, one or more surfactants, one or more non-silicone fatty substances, one or more additional silicones, one or more polymers, one or more thickeners, one or more polyols, and a mixture of these various ingredients. Amino silicone The composition according to the invention comprises one or more amino silicones of formula (I)

- R, which is identical or different, represents a methyl group (CH₃), a hydroxyl radical (OH), or an alkoxy group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms (OR1, where R1 = C1-C4 alkyl); - R’ represents a methyl group (CH₃) or a hydroxyl radical (OH); - A is a linear or branched divalent alkylene group comprising 3 or 4 carbon atoms; the amino silicone having an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.29 meq/g and a weight-average molecular mass (Mw) ranging from 10000 to 100000. Preferably, R, which is identical or different, represents a methyl group and/or a hy- droxyl radical. Better still, the two radicals R are identical and represent a methyl group or a hydroxyl radical, even better still a methyl radical. Preferably, R’ represents a methyl group. Preferably, A is a linear divalent alkylene group comprising 3 or 4 carbon atoms, better still, a linear group comprising 3 carbon atoms (-CH₂CH₂CH₂-). In formula (I), the values of n and m are chosen such that the amino silicone has an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.29 meq/g and a weight-average molecular mass (Mw) ranging from 10000 to 100000. Preferably, the amino silicone of formula (I) has an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.25 meq/g, better still ranging from 0.1 to 0.19 meq/g, and even better still ranging from 0.1 to 0.16 meq/g. Preferably, the amino silicone of formula (I) has a weight-average molecular mass (Mw) ranging from 20000 to 70000, better still from 25000 to 50000, even better still from 35000 to 45000. Those skilled in the art, on the basis of their general knowledge, will know how to de- termine the values of n and m in order to obtain a silicone having the desired amine number and molecular mass. Preferably, in formula (I), m is between 1.4 and 13, better still between 1.4 and 9, even better still between 1.5 and 5, and the n/m ratio is between 45 and 330, better still between 100 and 300. The value of n can thus readily be determined on the basis of all this data; in particular, n can be between 400 and 600. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more amino silicones of formula (I):

in which: - R, which are identical, and R', represent a methyl group, - A is a linear or branched divalent alkylene group comprising 3 or 4 carbon atoms; preferably a linear divalent alkylene group comprising 3 carbon atoms (-CH₂CH₂CH₂-), the amino silicone has an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.19 meq/g and a weight- average molecular mass (Mw) ranging from 25000 to 50000. Preferably, in this embodiment, m is between 1.4 and 13, the n/m ratio is between 45 and 300, and n can be between 400 and 600. The amino silicone of formula (I) preferably has a dynamic viscosity, measured at 25°C, 1 atm, ranging from 2 to 8 Pa.s (2000-8000 cps), better still from 3 to 6 Pa.s (3000-6000 cps), even better still from 3 to 5 Pa.s. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises the amino silicone(s) of formula (I) in a total content which can range from 0.001% to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.002% to 5% by weight, better still from 0.005% to 3% by weight, even better still from 0.01% to 2.5% by weight, preferentially from 0.02% to 2% by weight, better still from 0.05% to 1.5% by weight and even better still from 0.1% to 1.2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The amino silicone of formula (I) can be prepared by any means conventionally em- ployed in the silicone industry. Fragrance substances The composition according to the invention comprises one or more fragrance sub- stances. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “fragrance substance” means any perfume, odorous starting material or aroma that is capable of giving off a pleasant odour. For the purposes of the present invention, “fragrancing”, “fragrance”, “odorous” or “odoriferous” substances are synonymous. Fragrance substances may notably comprise the starting materials described in S. Arctander, Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Montclair, N.J., 1969), in S. Arctander, Per- fume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin (Elizabeth, N.J., 1960) and in Flavor and Fragrance Materials – 1991, Allured Publishing Co., Wheaton, Ill. The fragrance substances may advantageously be chosen from essential oils, perfumes and aromas of synthetic or natural origin, and mixtures thereof. They may be natural products, such as essential oils, absolutes, resinoids, resins, con- cretes, and/or synthetic products, such as terpene or sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, al- cohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters, nitriles or peroxides, which may be saturated or unsaturated, and aliphatic or cyclic. According to the definition given in the international standard ISO 9235 and adopted by the Commission of the European Pharmacopoeia, an essential oil is an odorous product, generally of complex composition, obtained from a botanically defined plant starting material, either by steam distillation, or by dry distillation, or by an appropriate mechan- ical process without heating (cold expression). The essential oil is generally separated from the aqueous phase via a physical process which does not result in any significant change in the composition. The choice of the method for obtaining essential oils depends mainly on the starting material: its original state and its characteristics, its intrinsic nature. The “essential oil/plant starting material” yield may be extremely variable depending on the plants: 15 ppm to more than 20%. This choice determines the characteristics of the essential oil, in particular viscosity, colour, solubility, volatility, and enrichment in or depletion of cer- tain constituents. Steam distillation corresponds to the vaporization, in the presence of steam, of a spar- ingly water-miscible substance. The starting material is placed in contact with boiling water or steam in a still. The steam entrains the essential oil vapour, which is con- densed in the condenser and recovered as a liquid phase in a florentine vase (or es- sence jar), where the essential oil is separated from the water by settling. The aqueous distillate that remains after the steam distillation, once the essential oil has been sep- arated, is known as the “aromatic water” or “hydrolate” or “distilled floral water”. Production by dry distillation consists in obtaining the essential oil by distillation of woods, barks or roots, without addition of water or steam, in a closed chamber designed so that the liquid is recovered at the bottom. Cade oil is the best-known example of a product obtained in this way. The cold expression production method is applied only to citrus fruits (Citrus spp.) via mechanical processes at room temperature. The principle of the method is as follows: the peels are torn into pieces and the contents of the secretory sacs that have been broken are recovered by a physical process. The conventional process consists in ex- erting an abrasive action on the entire surface of the fruit under a stream of water. After removal of the solid waste, the essential oil is separated from the aqueous phase by centrifugation. Most industrial units actually allow the simultaneous or sequential recovery of the fruit juices and of the essential oil. Essential oils are generally volatile and liquid at room temperature (25°C), which dis- tinguishes them from fixed oils. They are more or less coloured and their density is generally lower than that of water. They have a high refractive index and most of them deflect polarized light. They are liposoluble and soluble in the usual organic solvents, distillable with steam, and very sparingly soluble in water. Among the essential oils that can be used according to the invention, mention may be made of those obtained from plants belonging to the following botanical families, alone or mixed: Abietaceae or Pinaceae, for example conifers; Amaryllidaceae; Anacardi- aceae; Annonaceae, for example ylang-ylang; Apiaceae, for example umbellifers, in par- ticular dill, angelica, coriander, sea fennel, carrot or parsley; Araceae; Aristolochiaceae; Asteraceae, for example yarrow, artemisia, camomile, helichrysum; Betulaceae; Bras- sicaceae; Burseraceae, for example frankincense; Caryophyllaceae; Canellaceae; Caesalpiniaceae, for example copaifera (copaiba balsam); Chenopodiaceae; Cistaceae, for example rock rose; Cyperaceae; Dipterocarpaceae; Ericaceae, for example gaulthe- ria (wintergreen); Euphorbiaceae; Fabaceae; Geraniaceae, for example geranium; Gut- tiferae; Hamamelidaceae; Hernandiaceae; Hypericaceae, for example St-John’s wort; Iridaceae; Juglandaceae; Lamiaceae, for example thyme, oregano, bee balm, savory, basil, marjorams, mints, patchouli, lavenders, sages, catnip, rosemary, hyssop, lemon balm, rosemary; Lauraceae, for example ravensara, sweet bay, rosewood, cinnamon, litsea; Liliaceae, for example garlic; Magnoliaceae, for example magnolia; Malvaceae; Meliaceae; Monimiaceae; Moraceae, for example hemp or hop; Myricaceae; Myristica- ceae, for example nutmeg; Myrtaceae, for example eucalyptus, tea tree, paperbark tree, cajuput, backhousia, clove, myrtle; Oleaceae; Piperaceae, for example pepper; Pitto- sporaceae; Poaceae, for example citronella grass, lemongrass, vetiver; Polygonaceae; Ranonculaceae; Rosaceae, for example roses; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae, for example all citrus plants; Salicaceae; Santalaceae, for example sandalwood; Saxifragaceae; Schi- sandraceae; Styracaceae, for example benzoin; Thymelaeaceae, for example agarwood; Tiliaceae; Valerianaceae, for example valerian, spikenard; Verbenaceae, for example lantana, verbena; Violaceae; Zingiberaceae, for example galangal, turmeric, cardamom, ginger; Zygophyllaceae. Mention may also be made of the essential oils extracted from flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, ylang-ylang, neroli), from stems and leaves (patchouli, geranium, petitgrain), from fruit (coriander, aniseed, cumin, juniper), from fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, orange), from roots (angelica, celery, cardamom, iris, sweet flag, ginger), from wood (pinewood, sandalwood, lignum vitae, pink cedar, camphor), from herbs and grasses (tarragon, rosemary, basil, lemongrass, sage, thyme), from needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, dwarf pine) and from resins and balms (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opopanax). Examples of fragrance substances are notably: geraniol, geranyl acetate, farnesol, bor- neol, bornyl acetate, linalool, linalyl acetate, linalyl propionate, linalyl butyrate, tetrahy- drolinalool, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, citronellyl formate, citronellyl propionate, di- hydromyrcenol, dihydromyrcenyl acetate, tetrahydromyrcenol, terpineol, terpinyl ace- tate, nopol, nopyl acetate, nerol, neryl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, benzyl salicylate, styrallyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, amyl salicylate, dimethylbenzylcarbinol, trichloromethylphenylcarbinyl acetate, p-tert-butyl- cyclohexyl acetate, isononyl acetate, vetiveryl acetate, vetiverol, α-hexylcinnamalde- hyde, 2-methyl-3-(p-tert-butylphenyl)propanal, 2-methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)pro- panal, 3-(p-tert-butylphenyl)propanal, 2,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-enylcarboxaldehyde, tricyclodecenyl acetate, tricyclodecenyl propionate, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3- cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 4-acetoxy-3-pentyltetrahydropyran, 3-carboxymethyl-2-pentylcyclopentane, 2-n-4- heptylcyclopentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentyl-2-cyclopentenone, menthone, carvone, ta- getone, geranylacetone, n-decanal, n-dodecanal, 9-decen-1-ol, phenoxyethyl isobutyr- ate, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, phenylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, geranoni- trile, citronellonitrile, cedryl acetate, 3-isocamphylcyclohexanol, cedryl methyl ether, isolongifolanone, aubepine nitrile, aubepine, heliotropin, coumarin, eugenol, vanillin, di- phenyl ether, citral, citronellal, hydroxycitronellal, damascone, ionones, methylionones, isomethylionones, solanone, irones, cis-3-hexenol and esters thereof, indan musks, te- tralin musks, isochroman musks, macrocyclic ketones, macrolactone musks, aliphatic musks, ethylene brassylate, and mixtures thereof. It is possible preferably to use a mixture of different fragrance substances that gener- ate in common a note that is pleasant to the user. Thus, the composition according to the invention advantageously comprises a mixture of fragrance substances, in particular of at least two different fragrance substances, and preferably of at least three different fragrance substances. The fragrance substances may preferably thus be chosen such that they produce notes (head, heart and base notes) in the following families: citrus, aromatic, floral notes, in particular pink flowers and white flowers, spicy, woody, gourmand, chypre, fougere, leathery, and musk. The fragrance substance(s) used in the composition according to the invention are preferably different from the essential oils. The composition according to the invention may employ one or more natural fragrance substances, preferably producing notes in the following families: floral notes, in partic- ular pink flowers and white flowers, gourmand, and mixtures thereof. The composition according to the invention may also employ one or more fragrance substances belonging to the olfactory families of floral, green, citrus, ozonic, marine, aldehydic, musky, powdery and soft woody. The composition according to the invention may also employ one or more fragrance substances belonging to the olfactory families of edibles, spicy, leathery and possibly fruity balsamic and aromatic. The composition according to the invention comprises the fragrance substance(s) in a total content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises the fragrance sub- stance(s) in a total content ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight, better still from 0.5% to 3% by weight, preferentially from 0.6% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Additional silicones The composition according to the invention may optionally comprise one or more addi- tional silicone(s), which may in particular be chosen from amino silicones, non-amino silicones, and mixtures thereof. The additional silicone(s) are other than the amino silicones of formula (I) as defined above. This means that said additional silicones do not come under the definition of formula (I), for example because they do not have an amine number and/or molecular mass as defined for the silicones of formula (I) and/or because the definition of at least one of their radicals R, R’ and/or A is other than those indicated for the silicones of formula (I), or else because they have a different chemical structure to that of the silicones of formula (I). The composition according to the invention may thus comprise one or more non-amino silicones, which may be solid or liquid (at 25°C, 1 atm), and volatile or nonvolatile. Preferably, the non-amino silicones are chosen from nonvolatile liquid silicones. The non-amino silicones that may be used may be soluble or insoluble in the composi- tion according to the invention; they may be in oil, wax, resin or gum form; silicone oils and gums are preferred. Silicones are particularly described in detail in Walter Noll’s “Chemistry and Technology of Silicones” (1968), Academic Press. The volatile silicones may be chosen from those with a boiling point of between 60°C and 260°C (at atmospheric pressure, 1 atm) and in particular from: i) cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes including from 3 to 7 and preferably 4 to 5 silicon atoms, such as - octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5). Mention may be made of the products sold under the name Volatile Silicone 7207 by Union Carbide or Silbione 70045 V 2 by Rhodia, Volatile Silicone 7158 by Union Carbide or Silbione 70045 V 5 by Rhodia; - cyclocopolymers of the dimethylsiloxane/methylalkylsiloxane type having the chemi-

Mention may be made of Volatile Silicone FZ 3109 sold by Union Carbide. - mixtures of cyclic silicones with silicon-derived organic compounds, such as the mix- ture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and of tetratrimethylsilylpentaerythritol (50/50) and the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and of 1,1’-oxy(2,2,2’,2’,3,3’-hexatri- methylsilyloxy)bisneopentane; ii) linear polydialkylsiloxanes having 2 to 9 silicon atoms, which generally have a vis- cosity of less than or equal to 5×10^-6 m²/s at 25°C, such as decamethyltetrasiloxane. Other silicones belonging to this category are described in the article published in Cos- metics and Toiletries, Vol. 91, Jan. 76, pages 27-32 - Todd & Byers Volatile silicone fluids for cosmetics; mention may be made of the product sold under the name SH 200 by Toray Silicone. Among the nonvolatile silicones, mention may be made, alone or as a mixture, of polyd- ialkylsiloxanes and particularly polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS or dimethicone), polydi- arylsiloxanes, polyalkylarylsiloxanes, silicone gums and resins, and also non-amino or- ganopolysiloxanes (or organomodified polysiloxanes, or alternatively organomodified silicones) which are polysiloxanes including in their structure one or more non-amino organofunctional groups, generally attached via a hydrocarbon-based group, and pref- erably chosen from aryl groups, alkoxy groups and polyoxyethylene and/or polyoxypro- pylene groups. The organomodified silicones may be polydiarylsiloxanes, particularly polydiphen- ylsiloxanes, and polyalkylarylsiloxanes functionalized with the organofunctional groups mentioned previously. The polyalkylarylsiloxanes are particularly chosen from linear and/or branched polydimethyl/methylphenylsiloxanes and polydimethyl/diphenylsilox- anes. Among the organomodified silicones, mention may be made of organopolysiloxanes in- cluding: - polyoxyethylene and/or polyoxypropylene groups optionally including C₆-C₂₄ alkyl groups, such as dimethicone copolyols, and particularly those sold by the company Dow Corning under the name DC 1248 or the oils Silwet^® L 722, L 7500, L 77 and L 711 from the company Union Carbide; or alternatively (C₁₂)alkylmethicone copolyols, and partic- ularly those sold by the company Dow Corning under the name Q2-5200; - thiol groups, such as the products sold under the names GP 72 A and GP 71 from Genesee; - alkoxylated groups, such as the product sold under the name Silicone Copolymer F- 755 by SWS Silicones and Abil Wax^® 2428, 2434 and 2440 by the company Goldschmidt; - hydroxylated groups, such as polyorganosiloxanes bearing a hydroxyalkyl function; - acyloxyalkyl groups, such as the polyorganosiloxanes described in patent US-A-4957 732; - anionic groups of the carboxylic acid type, as described, for example, in EP 186507, or of the alkylcarboxylic type, such as the product X-22-3701E from the company Shin- Etsu; or else of the 2-hydroxyalkylsulfonate or 2-hydroxyalkylthiosulfate type, such as the products sold by the company Goldschmidt under the names Abil^® S201 and Abil^® S255. The silicones can also be chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, among which mention may be made mainly of polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl end groups (CTFA: di- methicone). Among these polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may be made of the following commercial products: - the Silbione® oils of the 47 and 70047 series or the Mirasil® oils sold by Rhodia, for instance the oil 70047 V 500000; - the oils of the Mirasil® series sold by the company Rhodia; - the oils of the 200 series from the company Dow Corning, such as DC200 with a vis- cosity of 60000 mm²/s; - the Viscasil® oils from Momentive Performance Materials and certain oils of the SF series (SF 96, SF 18) from Momentive Performance Materials. Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes having dimethylsilanol end groups (CTFA: dimethiconol), such as the oils of the 48 series from the company Rhodia. In this category of polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may also be made of the products sold under the names Abil Wax® 9800 and 9801 by the company Goldschmidt, which are polydi(C₁-C₂₀)alkylsiloxanes. Products that may be used more particularly in accordance with the invention are mix- tures such as: - mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane with a hydroxyl-terminated chain, or dimethiconol (CTFA), and from a cyclic polydimethylsiloxane, also known as cyclome- thicone (CTFA), such as the product Q2-1401 sold by the company Dow Corning. The polyalkylarylsiloxanes are particularly chosen from linear and/or branched polydi- methyl/methylphenylsiloxanes and polydimethyl/diphenylsiloxanes with a viscosity ranging from 1×10^-5 to 5×10^-2 m²/s at 25°C. Among these polyalkylarylsiloxanes, mention may be made of the products sold under the following names: - the Silbione® oils of the 70641 series from Rhodia; - the oils of the Rhodorsil® 70633 and 763 series from Rhodia; - the oil Dow Corning 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid from Dow Corning; - the silicones of the PK series from Bayer, such as the product PK20; - the silicones of the PN and PH series from Bayer, such as the products PN1000 and PH1000; - certain oils of the SF series from Momentive Performance Materials, such as SF 1023, SF 1154, SF 1250 and SF 1265. The non-amino silicones that are more particularly preferred according to the invention are polydimethylsiloxanes containing trimethylsilyl end groups (CTFA: dimethicone). The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more additional amino silicones other than the amino silicones of formula (I) as defined above, The term “amino silicone” denotes any silicone including at least one primary, second- ary or tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium group. The amino silicones that may be used according to the present invention may be vola- tile or nonvolatile and cyclic, linear or branched, and preferably have a viscosity ranging from 5 × 10^-6 to 2.5 m²/s at 25°C, for example from 1 × 10^-5 to 1 m²/s. Preferably, the additional amino silicones are chosen from nonvolatile liquid silicones (25°C, 1 atm). Preferably, the amino silicone(s) are chosen, alone or as mixtures, from the following compounds: A) the polysiloxanes corresponding to formula (Ia):

in which x’ and y’ are integers such that the weight-average molecular mass (Mw) is between 5000 and 500000 g/mol; B) the amino silicones corresponding to formula (IIa): R’_aG_3-a-Si(OSiG₂)_n-(OSiG_bR’_2-b)_m-O-SiG_3-a’-R’_a’ (IIa) in which: - G, which is identical or different, denotes a hydrogen atom or a phenyl, OH, C₁-C₈ alkyl, for example methyl, or C₁-C₈ alkoxy, for example methoxy, group; - a and a’, which are identical or different, denote 0 or an integer from 1 to 3, in partic- ular 0, with the proviso that at least one of a and a’ is equal to zero, - b denotes 0 or 1, in particular 1, - m and n are numbers such that the sum (n + m) ranges from 1 to 2000 and in partic- ular from 50 to 150, it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 1999 and particularly from 49 to 149, and m to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and particularly from 1 to 10; and - R’, which is identical or different, denotes a monovalent radical of formula -C_qH_2qL in which q is a number ranging from 2 to 8 and L is an optionally quaternized amino group chosen from the following groups: -NR’’-Q-N(R’’)₂, -N(R’’)₂, -N⁺(R’’)₃ A-, -N⁺H(R’’)₂ A-, - N⁺H₂(R’’) A-, -NR’’-Q-N⁺(R’’)H₂ A-, -NR’’-Q-N⁺(R’’)₂H A- and -NR’’-Q-N⁺(R’’)₃ A-, in which R’’, which is identical or different, denotes hydrogen, phenyl, benzyl or a satu- rated monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical, for example a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl radical; Q de- notes a linear or branched group of formula C_rH_2r, r being an integer ranging from 2 to 6, preferably from 2 to 4; and A- represents a cosmetically acceptable anion, particularly a halide, such as fluoride, chloride, bromide or iodide. Preferably, the amino silicones of formula (IIa) may be chosen from: (i) the “trimethylsilyl amodimethicone” silicones corresponding to formula (III):

in which m and n are numbers such that the sum (n + m) ranges from 1 to 2000, pref- erably from 20 to 1000, in particular from 50 to 600, better still from 50 to 150; it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 1999 and particularly from 49 to 149 and it being possible for m to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and particularly from 1 to 10; (ii) the silicones of formula (IV) below:

in which: - m and n are numbers such that the sum (n + m) ranges from 1 to 1000, in particular from 50 to 250 and more particularly from 100 to 200; n denoting a number from 0 to 999 and particularly from 49 to 249 and more particularly from 125 to 175, and m de- noting a number from 1 to 1000, particularly from 1 to 10 and more particularly from 1 to 5; and - R₁, R₂ and R₃, which are identical or different, represent a hydroxyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical, at least one of the radicals R₁ to R₃ denoting an alkoxy radical. Preferably, the alkoxy radical is a methoxy radical. The hydroxyl/alkoxy mole ratio preferably ranges from 0.2:1 to 0.4:1 and preferably from 0.25:1 to 0.35:1 and more particularly is equal to 0.3:1. The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of these silicones preferably ranges from 2000 to 1000000 g/mol and more particularly from 3500 to 200000 g/mol; (iii) the silicones of formula (V) below: in

- p and q are numbers such that the sum (p + q) ranges from 1 to 1000, in particular from 50 to 350 and more particularly from 150 to 250; p denoting a number from 0 to 999, particularly from 49 to 349 and more particularly from 159 to 239, and q denoting a number from 1 to 1000, particularly from 1 to 10 and more particularly from 1 to 5; and - R₁ and R₂, which are different, represent a hydroxyl or C₁-C₄ alkoxy radical, at least one of the radicals R₁ or R₂ denoting an alkoxy radical. Preferably, the alkoxy radical is a methoxy radical. The hydroxyl/alkoxy mole ratio generally ranges from 1:0.8 to 1:1.1 and preferably from 1:0.9 to 1:1 and more particularly is equal to 1:0.95. The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of the silicone preferably ranges from 2000 to 200000 g/mol, more preferentially from 5000 to 100000 g/mol and in particular from 10000 to 50000 g/mol. The commercial products comprising silicones of structure (IV) or (V) may include in their composition one or more other amino silicones, the structure of which is different from formula (IV) or (V). A product containing amino silicones of structure (IV) is sold by the company Wacker under the name Belsil® ADM 652. A product containing amino silicones of structure (V) is sold by Wacker under the name Fluid WR 1300®. Another product containing amino silicones of structure (XIV) is sold by Wacker under the name Belsil ADM LOG 1®. When these amino silicones are used, one particularly advantageous embodiment con- sists in using them in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. The oil-in-water emulsion may comprise one or more surfactants. The surfactants may be of any nature but are preferably cationic and/or nonionic. The number-average size of the silicone particles in the emulsion generally ranges from 3 nm to 500 nm. Preferably, particularly as amino silicones of formula (V), use is made of microemulsions of which the mean particle size ranges from 5 nm to 60 nm (limits included) and more particularly from 10 nm to 50 nm (limits included). Thus, use may be made according to the invention of the amino sili- cone microemulsions of formula (V) sold under the names Finish CT 96 E® or SLM 28020® by the company Wacker; (iv) the silicones of formula (VI) below:

in which: - m and n are numbers such that the sum (n + m) ranges from 1 to 2000 and in partic- ular from 50 to 150, n denoting a number from 0 to 1999 and particularly from 49 to 149, and m denoting a number from 1 to 2000 and particularly from 1 to 10; and - A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably 4 carbon atoms. This radical is preferably linear. The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of these amino silicones preferably ranges from 2000 to 1000000 g/mol and more particularly from 3500 to 200000 g/mol. A silicone corresponding to this formula is, for example, Xiameter MEM 8299 Emulsion from Dow Corning; (v) the silicones of formula (VII) below:

in which: - m and n are numbers such that the sum (n + m) ranges from 1 to 2000 and in partic- ular from 50 to 150, it being possible for n to denote a number from 0 to 1999 and particularly from 49 to 149, and m to denote a number from 1 to 2000 and particularly from 1 to 10; and - A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably 4 carbon atoms. This radical is preferably branched. The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of these amino silicones preferably ranges from 500 to 1000000 g/mol and more particularly from 1000 to 200000 g/mol. A silicone corresponding to this formula is, for example, DC2-8566 Amino Fluid from Dow Corning; C) the amino silicones corresponding to formula (VIII):

in which: - R₅ represents a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C₁-C₁₈ alkyl or C₂-C₁₈ alkenyl radical, for example methyl; - R₆ represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical, particularly a C₁-C₁₈ alkylene rad- ical or a divalent C₁-C₁₈, for example C₁-C₈, alkyleneoxy radical linked to the Si via a SiC bond; - Q- is an anion such as a halide ion, particularly chloride, or an organic acid salt, par- ticularly acetate; - r represents a mean statistical value ranging from 2 to 20 and in particular from 2 to 8; and - s represents a mean statistical value ranging from 20 to 200 and in particular from 20 to 50; D) the quaternary ammonium silicones of formula (IX):

in which: - R₇, which are identical or different, represent a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radi- cal having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C₁-C₁₈ alkyl radical, a C₂-C₁₈ alkenyl radical or a ring comprising 5 or 6 carbon atoms, for example methyl; - R₆ represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical, particularly a C₁-C₁₈ alkylene rad- ical or a divalent C₁-C₁₈, for example C₁-C₈, alkyleneoxy radical linked to the Si via an SiC bond; - R₈, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydro- carbon-based radical having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and in particular a C₁- alkyl radical, a C -C alkenyl radic

2₁₈ al or a -R₆-NHCOR₇ radical; - X- is an anion such as a halide ion, particularly chloride, or an organic acid salt, par- ticularly acetate; and - r represents a mean statistical value ranging from 2 to 200 and in particular from 5 to 100. These silicones are for example described in patent application EP-A-0530974; men- tion may in particular be made of the silicone having the INCI name: Quaternium 80. Silicones falling within this category are the silicones sold by the company Goldschmidt under the names Abil Quat 3270, Abil Quat 3272 and Abil Quat 3474; E) the amino silicones of formula (X):

in which: - R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₄, which are identical or different, denote a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or a phenyl group, - R₅ denotes a C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or a hydroxyl group, - n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5, - m is an integer ranging from 1 to 5, and - x is chosen such that the amine number ranges from 0.01 to 1 meq/g; F) the multiblock polyoxyalkylenated amino silicones, of (AB)_n type, A being a polysilox- ane block and B being a polyoxyalkylenated block including at least one amine group. Said silicones are preferably constituted of repeating units having the following general formulae: [-(SiMe₂O)_xSiMe₂-R-N(R’’)-R’-O(C₂H₄O)_a(C₃H₆O)_b-R’-N(H)-R-] or else [-(SiMe₂O)_xSiMe₂-R-N(R’’)-R’-O(C₂H₄O)_a(C₃H₆O)_b-] in which: - a is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably ranging from 5 to 200 and more particularly ranging from 10 to 100; - b is an integer between 0 and 200, preferably ranging from 4 to 100 and more partic- ularly between 5 and 30; - x is an integer ranging from 1 to 10000 and more particularly from 10 to 5000; - R’’ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl; - R, which are identical or different, represent a linear or branched divalent C₂-C₁₂ hy- drocarbon-based radical, optionally including one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen; preferably, R, which are identical or different, denote an ethylene radical, a linear or branched propylene radical, a linear or branched butylene radical or a CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂- radical; preferentially, R denote a CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂- radical; and - R’, which are identical or different, represent a linear or branched divalent C₂-C₁₂ hy- drocarbon-based radical, optionally including one or more heteroatoms such as oxygen; preferably, R’, which are identical or different, denote an ethylene radical, a linear or branched propylene radical, a linear or branched butylene radical or a CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂- radical; preferentially, R’ denote -CH(CH₃)-CH₂-. The siloxane blocks preferably represent between 50 mol% and 95 mol% of the total weight of the silicone, more particularly from 70 mol% to 85 mol%. The amine content is preferably between 0.02 and 0.5 meq/g of copolymer in a 30% solution in dipropylene glycol, more particularly between 0.05 and 0.2. The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of the silicone is preferably between 5000 and 1000000 g/mol and more particularly between 10000 and 200000 g/mol. Mention may particularly be made of the silicones sold under the name Silsoft A-843 or Silsoft A+ by Momentive; G) the amino silicones of formulae (XI) and (XII):

in which: - R, R’ and R’’, which are identical or different, denote a C₁-C₄ alkyl group or a hydroxyl group, - A denotes a C₃ alkylene radical; and - m and n are numbers such that the weight-average molecular mass of the compound is between 5000 and 500000;

in which: - x and y are numbers ranging from 1 to 5000; preferably, x ranges from 10 to 2000 and more preferentially from 100 to 1000; preferably, y ranges from 1 to 100; - R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, preferably identical, denote a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms and more preferentially from 12 to 20 carbon at- oms; and - A denotes a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferably, A comprises from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferentially 4 carbon atoms; preferably, A is branched. Mention may be made in particular of the following divalent groups: -CH₂CH₂CH₂- and -CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂-. Preferably, R₁ and R₂ are independent saturated linear alkyl groups comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular from 12 to 20 carbon atoms; mention may be made in particular of dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexa- decyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl groups; and preferentially, R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, are chosen from hexadecyl (cetyl) and octadecyl (stearyl) groups. Preferably, in the silicone of formula (XII): - x ranges from 10 to 2000 and in particular from 100 to 1000; - y ranges from 1 to 100; - A comprises from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and particularly 4 carbon atoms; preferably, A is branched; more particularly, A is chosen from the following divalent groups: - CH₂CH₂CH₂ and -CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂-; and - R₁ and R₂ independently are saturated linear alkyl groups comprising from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms and in particular from 12 to 20 carbon atoms; particularly chosen from dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl groups; preferentially, R₁ and R₂, which are identical or different, are chosen from hexadecyl (cetyl) and octadecyl (stearyl) groups. A silicone of formula (XII) that is preferred is bis-cetearyl amodimethicone. Mention may be made in particular of the amino silicone sold under the name Silsoft AX by Momentive. H) polysiloxanes and particularly polydimethylsiloxanes, including primary amine groups at only one chain end or on side chains, such as those of formula (XIV), (XV) or (XVI):

In formula (XIV), the values of n and m are such that the weight-average molecular mass of the amino silicone is between 1000 and 55000. As examples of amino silicones of formula (XIV), mention may be made of the products sold under the names AMS-132, AMS-152, AMS-162, AMS-163, AMS-191 and AMS- 1203 by the company Gelest and KF-8015 by the company Shin-Etsu. In formula (XV), the value of n is such that the weight-average molecular mass of the amino silicone is between 500 and 3000. As examples of amino silicones of formula (XV), mention may be made of the products sold under the names MCR-A11 and MCR-A12 by the company Gelest. In formula (XVI), the values of n and m are such that the weight-average molecular mass of the amino silicone is between 500 and 50000. As examples of amino silicones of formula (XVI), mention may be made of the ami- nopropyl phenyl trimethicone sold under the name DC 2-2078 Fluid by the company Dow Corning. The composition according to the invention may also comprise, as silicone, an amino silicone corresponding to formula (XVIII) below:

in which: - n is a number between 1 and 1000, preferably between 10 and 500, better still be- tween 25 and 100, even better still between 50 and 80; - m is a number between 1 and 200, preferably between 1 and 100, better still between 1 and 10 and even better still between 1 and 5; - R’ is a linear or branched divalent alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly from 2 to 5 carbon atoms; - R’’ is a linear or branched divalent alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly from 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and - R’’’, which are identical or different, preferably identical, are saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, alkyl radicals comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; it being possible for said radicals optionally to be substituted with one or more hydroxyl OH groups. Preferably, R' is a linear or branched, preferably branched, divalent alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly from 2 to 5 carbon atoms; particularly a -CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-, -CH₂-CH(CH₃)-CH₂- or –CH₂-CH₂-CH(CH₃)- radical. Preferably, R’’ is a linear divalent alkylene radical comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular a -CH₂-CH₂- radical. Preferably, the R’’’, which are identical or different, are saturated linear alkyl radicals comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 24 carbon atoms, particu- larly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; mention may be made in particular of dodecyl, C13, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl radicals; prefer- entially, the R’’’, which are identical or different, are chosen from saturated linear alkyl radicals having from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly C13, C14 or C15 radicals, alone or as a mixture, and better still represent a mixture of C13, C14 and C15. Preferably, the R’’’ are identical. Preferentially, the composition may comprise one or more silicones of formula (XVIII) in which: - n is a number between 50 and 80; - m is a number between 1 and 5; - R’’’, which are identical, are saturated linear alkyl radicals comprising from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; - R’ is a divalent alkylene radical having from 2 to 5 carbon atoms; - R’’ is a linear divalent alkylene radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Even better still, the composition may comprise one or more silicones of formula (XVIII) in which: - n is a number between 50 and 80; - m is a number between 1 and 5; - R’’’, which are identical, are saturated linear alkyl radicals comprising from 13 to 15 carbon atoms; - R’ is a –(CH₂)₃-, -CH₂-CH(CH₃)-CH₂- or –CH₂-CH₂-CH(CH₃)- radical, and - R’’ is a -(CH₂)₂- radical. A most particularly preferred silicone of formula (XVIII) is Bis(C13-15 Alkoxy) PG- Amodimethicone (INCI name). Mention may particularly be made of the silicone sold under the name Dowsil 8500 Conditioning Agent by Dow. Preferably, the additional silicone(s) may be chosen, alone or as a mixture, from non- volatile liquid non-amino silicones, and particularly polydialkysiloxanes and more par- ticularly polydimethylsiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl end groups; and/or nonvolatile liquid amino silicones, such as amodimethicones, ami- nopropyldimethicones and bis-aminopropyldimethicones, and also mixtures thereof. When they are present, the composition according to the invention can comprise the additional silicone(s) in a total content preferably ranging from 0.01% to 2% by weight, better still ranging from 0.02% to 1% by weight and preferentially ranging from 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition according to the invention preferably comprises the additional sili- cone(s) chosen, alone or as a mixture, nonvolatile liquid non-amino silicones, and par- ticularly polydialkysiloxanes and more particularly polydimethylsiloxanes, in particular polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl end groups; and/or nonvolatile liquid amino silicones, such as amodimethicones, aminopropyldimethicones and bis-aminopropyl- dimethicones, and also mixtures thereof; in a total content preferably ranging from 0.01% to 2% by weight, better still ranging from 0.02% to 1% by weight and preferentially ranging from 0.05% to 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Cationic surfactants The composition according to the invention may advantageously comprise one or more cationic surfactants. Said cationic surfactants are non-silicone surfactants, that is to say that they do not contain any Si-O groups. They are preferably chosen from quaternary ammonium salts, optionally polyoxyalkyle- nated primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines, or salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more cationic surfac- tants chosen, alone or as a mixture, from the following compounds, which are quater- nary ammonium salts: - the compounds corresponding to the general formula (II) below: + R₂

(II) in which: X- is an anion, particularly chosen from the group of halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonates or (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates; the groups R₁ to R₄, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched aliphatic group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as aryl or alkylaryl, at least one of the groups R₁ to R₄ denoting a linear or branched aliphatic group including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. The aliphatic groups may comprise heteroatoms, particularly such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens. The aliphatic groups are chosen, for example, from C₁-C₃₀ alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ alkoxy, (C₂-C₆) polyoxyalkylene, C₁-C₃₀ alkylamide, (C₁₂-C₂₂)alkylamido(C₂-C₆)al- kyl, (C₁₂-C₂₂)alkyl acetate, and C₁-C₃₀ hydroxyalkyl groups. Among the quaternary ammonium salts of formula (II), preference is given to tetraalkylammonium salts, for instance dialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrime- thylammonium salts, in which the alkyl group includes from approximately 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular behenyltrimethylammonium, stearyltrimethylammonium, distearyldimethylammonium, cetyltrimethylammonium, dicetyldimethylammonium, or benzyldimethylstearylammonium salts, and also palmitylamidopropyltrimethylammo- nium salts, stearamidopropyltrimethylammonium salts, stearamidopropyldimethylce- tearylammonium salts, or stearamidopropyldimethyl(myristyl acetate)ammonium salts such as those sold under the name Ceraphyl® 70 by the company Van Dyk. It is preferred in particular to use the chloride, bromide or methyl sulfate salts of these compounds. - the ammonium salts of imidazoline, such as those of formula (III):

(III) in which R₅ represents an alkenyl or alkyl group including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, for example derived from tallow fatty acids, R₆ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkyl group including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, R₇ repre- sents a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, R₈ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, X- is an anion chosen from the group of halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates, alkyl sul- fates, alkyl- or alkylaryl-sulfonates in which the alkyl and aryl groups preferably com- prise, respectively, from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and from 6 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, R₅ and R₆ denote a mixture of alkenyl or alkyl groups including from 12 to 21 carbon atoms, for example derived from tallow fatty acids, R₇ denotes a methyl group and R₈ denotes a hydrogen atom. Such a product is sold, for example, under the name Rewoquat® W 75 by the company Rewo. - quaternary diammonium or triammonium salts, in particular of formula (IV):

in which R₉ denotes an alkyl radical including from approximately 16 to 30 carbon atoms which is optionally hydroxylated and/or optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms, R₁₀ is chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radical including from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a group (R_9a)(R_10a)(R_11a)N-(CH₂)₃, with R_9a, R_10a, R_11a, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃ and R₁₄, which are identical or different, being chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radical including from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X- is an anion chosen from the group of halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, (C₁- C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonates and (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate. Such compounds are, for example, Finquat CT-P, sold by the company Finetex (Qua- ternium 89), and Finquat CT, sold by the company Finetex (Quaternium 75). - quaternary ammonium salts containing at least one ester function, such as those of formula (V) below: (C_sH_2sO)_z R₁₈ in

R₁₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆ alkyl groups and C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl or dihydroxyalkyl groups; R₁₆ is chosen from the group R₁₉-C(O)-; groups R₂₀ which are linear or branched, satu- rated or unsaturated C₁-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based groups; a hydrogen atom; R₁₈ is chosen from the group R21-C(O)-; groups R₂₂ which are linear or branched, sat- urated or unsaturated C₁-C₆ hydrocarbon-based groups; a hydrogen atom; R₁₇, R₁₉ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₇-C₂₁ hydrocarbon-based groups; r, s and t, which are identical or different, are integers ranging from 2 to 6; y is an integer ranging from 1 to 10; x and z, which are identical or different, are integers ranging from 0 to 10; X- is a simple or complex, organic or inorganic anion; with the proviso that the sum x + y + z is from 1 to 15, that when x is 0 then R₁₆ denotes R₂₀, and that when z is 0 then R₁₈ denotes R₂₂. The alkyl groups R₁₅ may be linear or branched, and more particularly linear. Preferably, R₁₅ denotes a methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl or dihydroxypropyl group, and more particu- larly a methyl or ethyl group. Advantageously, the sum x + y + z is from 1 to 10. When R₁₆ is a hydrocarbon-based group R₂₀, it may be long and contain from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or may be short and contain from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. When R₁₈ is a hydrocarbon-based group R₂₂, it preferably contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Advantageously, R₁₇, R₁₉ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₁-C₂₁ hydrocarbon-based groups, and more particularly from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₁-C₂₁ alkyl and alkenyl groups. Preferably, x and z, which are identical or different, are equal to 0 or 1. Advantageously, y is equal to 1. Preferably, r, s and t, which are identical or different, are equal to 2 or 3, and even more particularly are equal to 2. The anion X- is preferably a halide (chloride, bromide or iodide) or an alkyl sulfate, more particularly methyl sulfate. However, use may be made of methanesulfonate, phos- phate, nitrate, tosylate, an anion derived from an organic acid, such as acetate or lac- tate, or any other anion that is compatible with ammonium bearing an ester function. The anion X- is even more particularly chloride or methyl sulfate. Use may be made more particularly, in the composition according to the invention, of the ammonium salts of formula (V) in which R₁₅ denotes a methyl or ethyl group, x and y are equal to 1; z is equal to 0 or 1; r, s and t are equal to 2; R₁₆ is chosen from the group R₁₉-C(O)-; methyl, ethyl or C₁₄-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based groups, and a hydrogen atom; R₁₈ is chosen from the group R₂₁-C(O)- and a hydrogen atom, R₁₇, R₁₉ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₃-C₁₇ hydrocarbon-based groups, and preferably from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₃-C₁₇ alkyl and alkenyl groups. Advantageously, the hydrocarbon-based groups are linear. Mention may be made, for example, of the compounds of formula (V) such as the di- acyloxyethyldimethylammonium, diacyloxyethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium, mono- acyloxyethyldihydroxyethylmethylammonium, triacyloxyethylmethylammonium and monoacyloxyethylhydroxyethyldimethylammonium salts (particularly chloride or methyl sulfate), and mixtures thereof. The acyl groups preferably have 14 to 18 carbon atoms and originate more particularly from a plant oil such as palm oil or sunflower oil. When the compound contains several acyl groups, these groups may be identical or different. These products are obtained, for example, by direct esterification of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, alkyldiethanolamine or alkyldiisopropanolamine, which are op- tionally oxyalkylenated, with C₁₀-C₃₀ fatty acids or with mixtures of C₁₀-C₃₀ fatty acids of plant or animal origin, or by transesterification of the methyl esters thereof. This ester- ification is followed by a quaternization using an alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide (preferably a methyl or ethyl halide), a dialkyl sulfate (preferably a methyl or ethyl sul- fate), methyl methanesulfonate, methyl para-toluenesulfonate, glycol chlorohydrin or glycerol chlorohydrin. Such compounds are sold, for example, under the names Dehyquart® by the company Henkel, Stepanquat® by the company Stepan, Noxamium® by the company CECA or Rewoquat® WE 18 by the company Rewo-Witco. The composition according to the invention may contain, for example, a mixture of qua- ternary ammonium monoester, diester and triester salts with a weight majority of diester salts. Use may also be made of the ammonium salts containing at least one ester function that are described in patents US-A-4874554 and US-A-4137180. Use may be made of behenoylhydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride sold by Kao under the name Quatarmin BTC 131. Preferably, the ammonium salts containing at least one ester function contain two ester functions. Among the quaternary ammonium salts containing at least one ester function that may be used, it is preferred to use dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium salts. The term “fatty amine” means a compound comprising at least one optionally (poly)ox- yalkylenated primary, secondary or tertiary amine function, or salts thereof and com- prising at least one C₆-C₃₀ and preferably C₈-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based chain. Preferably, the fatty amines which are useful according to the invention are not (poly)oxyalkylenated. Fatty amines that may be mentioned include amidoamines. The amidoamines accord- ing to the invention may be chosen from fatty amidoamines, it being possible for the fatty chain to be borne by the amine group or by the amido group. The term “amidoamine” means a compound comprising at least one amide function and at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amine function. The term “fatty amidoamine” means an amidoamine comprising, in general, at least one C₆-C₃₀ hydrocarbon-based chain. Preferably, the fatty amidoamines which are use- ful according to the invention are not quaternized. Preferably, the fatty amidoamines which are useful according to the invention are not (poly)oxyalkylenated. Among the fatty amidoamines which are useful according to the invention, mention may be made of the amidoamines of formula (VI) below: RCONHR’’N(R’)₂ (VI) in which: - R represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or unsatu- rated monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 5 to 29 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 23 carbon atoms, and in particular a linear or branched C₅-C₂₉ and preferably C₇-C₂₃ alkyl radical, or a linear or branched C₅-C₂₉ and preferably C₇-C₂₃ alkenyl radical; - R’’ represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing less than 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and better still 3 carbon atoms; and - R’, which are identical or different, represent a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing less than 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl radical. The fatty amidoamines of formula (VI) are chosen, for example, from oleamidopropyl- dimethylamine, stearamidopropyldimethylamine, particularly the product sold by the company Inolex Chemical Company under the name Lexamine S13, isostear- amidopropyldimethylamine, stearamidoethyldimethylamine, lauramidopropyldimethyl- amine, myristamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, dilinole- amidopropyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldimethylamine, ricinoleamindopropyl- dimethylamine, soyamidopropyldimethylamine, avocadoamidopropyldimethylamine, cocamidopropyldimethylamine, minkamidopropyldimethylamine, oatamidopropyldime- thylamine, sesamidopropyldimethylamine, tallamidopropyldimethylamine, olivami- dopropyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldimethylamine, stearamidoethyldiethyla- mine, brassicamidopropyldimethylamine and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the fatty amidoamines are chosen from oleamidopropyldimethylamine, stearamidopropyldimethylamine, brassicamidopropyldimethylamine and mixtures thereof. The cationic surfactant(s) are preferably chosen from those of formula (II) above, those of formula (V) above, those of formula (VI) above, and mixtures thereof; better still from those of formula (II) above, those of formula (VI) above, and mixtures thereof; even better still from those of formula (II) above. Preferentially, the cationic surfactant(s) may be chosen from, alone or as a mixture, salts such as chlorides, bromides or methosulfates, of tetraalkylammonium, for in- stance dialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrimethylammonium salts in which the alkyl group includes from approximately 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular behenyltrime- thylammonium, stearyltrimethylammonium, distearyldimethylammonium, cetyltrime- thylammonium, dicetyldimethylammonium or benzyldimethylstearylammonium salts; dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium salts such as dipalmitoylethylhydroxy- ethylmethylammonium methosulfate; and mixtures thereof. Even more preferentially, they are chosen from cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, be- henyltrimethylammonium chloride, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium methosulfate, and mixtures thereof. When they are present, the composition according to the invention may comprise the cationic surfactant(s) preferably in a total content which ranges from 0.1% to 10% by weight, particularly from 0.2% to 8% by weight, better still from 0.3% to 7% by weight, even better still from 0.5% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composi- tion. Nonionic surfactants The composition according to the invention may optionally comprise one or more nonionic surfactants. Said nonionic surfactants may be chosen from: - alcohols, α-diols and (C₁-C₂₀)alkylphenols, these compounds being polyethoxylated and/or polypropoxylated and/or polyglycerolated, it being possible for the number of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide groups to range from 1 to 100, and the number of glycerol groups to range from 2 to 30; or else these compounds comprising at least one fatty chain including from 8 to 40 carbon atoms and particularly from 16 to 30 car- bon atoms; in particular, oxyethylenated alcohols comprising at least one saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₈ to C₄₀ alkyl chain, comprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, preferably from 2 to 50 and more particularly from 2 to 40 mol of eth- ylene oxide and including one or two fatty chains; - condensates of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with fatty alcohols; - polyethoxylated fatty amides preferably containing from 2 to 30 ethylene oxide units, polyglycerolated fatty amides including on average from 1 to 5 and in particular from 1.5 to 4 glycerol groups; - ethoxylated fatty acid esters of sorbitan (or oxyethylenated sorbitan ester), preferably having from 2 to 40 ethylene oxide units; - fatty acid esters of sucrose; - polyoxyalkylenated, preferably polyoxyethylenated, fatty acid esters having from 2 to 150 mol of ethylene oxide, including oxyethylenated plant oils; - N-(C₆-C₂₄ alkyl)glucamine derivatives; - amine oxides such as (C10-C14 alkyl)amine oxides or N-(C₁₀-C₁₄ acyl)aminopropyl- morpholine oxides; - nonionic surfactants of alkyl(poly)glycoside type. Nonionic surfactants of alkyl(poly)glycoside type may be represented by the following general formula: R₁O-(R₂O)_t-(G)_v in which: - R1 represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical including 6 to 24 carbon atoms and particularly 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkylphenyl radical of which the linear or branched alkyl radical includes 6 to 24 carbon atoms and particularly 8 to 18 carbon atoms, - R2 represents an alkylene radical including 2 to 4 carbon atoms; - G represents a sugar unit including 5 to 6 carbon atoms; - t denotes a value ranging from 0 to 10 and preferably from 0 to 4; - v denotes a value ranging from 1 to 15 and preferably from 1 to 4. Preferably, the alkyl(poly)glycoside surfactants are of the formula described above in which: - R1 denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical including from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, - R2 represents an alkylene radical including 2 to 4 carbon atoms; - t denotes a value ranging from 0 to 3 and preferably equal to 0, - G denotes glucose, fructose or galactose, preferably glucose, - it being possible for the degree of polymerization, i.e. the value of v, to range from 1 to 15 and preferably from 1 to 4; the mean degree of polymerization more particularly being between 1 and 2. The glucoside bonds between the sugar units are generally of 1-6 or 1-4 type and pref- erably of 1-4 type. Preferably, the alkyl (poly)glycoside surfactant is an alkyl (poly)glu- coside surfactant. 1,4 C₈/C₁₆ alkyl(poly)glucosides, and particularly decyl glucosides and caprylyl/capryl glucosides, are most particularly preferred. The oxyethylenated sorbitan esters that can be used in the context of the invention particularly comprise the oxyethylenated derivatives of C₈-C₃₀ fatty acid monoesters and polyesters of sorbitan, having from 2 to 40 ethylene oxide units. Use is preferably made of the oxyethylenated derivatives of C₁₂-C₂₄ fatty acid monoesters and polyesters of sorbitan, having from 4 to 20 ethylene oxide units. Such compounds also known under the name of polysorbates. They are, inter alia, sold under the name Tween by the company Uniqema. Mention may particularly be made of oxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate with 4 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 21, oxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate with 20 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 20, oxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate with 20 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 40, oxyethylene sorbitan monos- tearate with 20 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 60, oxyethylene sorbitan monostearate with 4 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 61, oxyethylene sorbitan tristearate with 20 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 65, oxyeth- ylene sorbitan monooleate with 20 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 80, oxyethylene sorbitan monooleate with 5 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 81, oxyethylene sorbitan trioleate with 20 EO, for example sold under the name TWEEN 85. In the present document, and in a manner well known per se, a “compound with X EO” denotes an oxyethylenated compound comprising X oxyethylene units per molecule. Preferably, the fatty acid of the oxyethylenated sorbitan ester is a saturated fatty acid, in particular a C₁₂-C₂₄ saturated fatty acid. The preferred sorbitan esters are the oxyethylenated derivatives of C₁₂-C₂₄ fatty acid monoesters of sorbitan, having from 4 to 20 ethylene oxide units, more preferentially oxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate with 4 EO, oxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate with 20 EO, oxyethylene sorbitan monostearate with 20 EO, and mixtures thereof. Preferentially, the nonionic surfactants are chosen from, alone or as a mixture, (C₆-C₂₄ alkyl)(poly)glycosides, and more particularly (C₈-C₁₈ alkyl)(poly)glycosides; and oxyeth- ylenated sorbitan esters, in particular those derived from C₁₂-C₂₄ saturated fatty acids and comprising 4 to 20 ethylene oxide units. Preferably, the nonionic surfactant(s) may be present in the composition according to the invention in a total content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferentially ranging from 0.05% to 8% by weight, in particular ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight, and even better still from 0.2% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the com- position. Anionic surfactants The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more anionic surfactants. The term “anionic surfactant” means a surfactant including, as ionic or ionizable groups, only anionic groups. The anionic surfactants are non-silicone surfactants. In the present description, a species is termed as being “anionic” when it bears at least one permanent negative charge or when it can be ionized to a negatively charged spe- cies, under the conditions of use of the composition of the invention (for example the medium or the pH) and not comprising any cationic charge. The anionic surfactants may be sulfate, sulfonate and/or carboxylic (or carboxylate) surfactants. Needless to say, a mixture of these surfactants may be used. It is understood in the present description that: - the carboxylate anionic surfactants comprise at least one carboxylic or carboxylate function (-COOH or -COO-) and may optionally also comprise one or more sulfate and/or sulfonate functions; - the sulfonate anionic surfactants comprise at least one sulfonate function (-SO₃H or -SO₃ ^–) and may optionally also comprise one or more sulfate functions, but do not com- prise any carboxylate functions; and - the sulfate anionic surfactants comprise at least one sulfate function but do not com- prise any carboxylate or sulfonate functions. The carboxylic anionic surfactants that may be used thus include at least one carboxylic or carboxylate function (-COOH or -COO-). They may be chosen from the following compounds: acylglycinates, acyllactylates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates; alkyl ether carboxylic acids, alkyl(C6-30 aryl)ether carboxylic acids, alkyl-D-galactosideuronic acids, alkylamido ether carboxylic acids; and also the salts of these compounds; the alkyl and/or acyl groups of these com- pounds including from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 12 to 28, even better still from 14 to 24 or even from 16 to 22 carbon atoms; the aryl group preferably denot- ing a phenyl or benzyl group; it being possible for these compounds to be polyoxyalkyle- nated, in pairtcular polyoxyethylenated, and then preferably including from 1 to 50 eth- ylene oxide units, better still from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units. Use may also be made of the C₆-C₂₄ alkyl monoesters of polyglycoside-polycarboxylic acids, such as C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-citrates, C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-tartrates and C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-sulfosuccinates, and salts thereof. Among the above carboxylic surfactants, mention may be made most particularly of polyoxyalkylenated alkyl(amido) ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, in particular those including from 2 to 50 alkylene oxide groups, in particular ethylene oxide groups, such as the compounds sold by the company Kao under the Akypo names. The polyoxyalkylenated alkyl(amido) ether carboxylic acids that may be used are pref- erably chosen from those of formula (1): R_1’–(OC₂H₄)_n’–OCH₂COOA (1) in which: - R_1' represents a linear or branched C₆-C₂₄ alkyl or alkenyl radical, a (C₈-C₉)alkylphenyl radical, an R_2’CONH-CH₂-CH₂- radical with R_2’ denoting a linear or branched C₉-C₂₁ alkyl or alkenyl radical; preferably R_1’ is a C₈-C₂₀, preferably C₈-C₁₈, alkyl radical; - n’ is an integer or decimal number (average value) ranging from 2 to 24 and preferably from 2 to 10, - A denotes H, ammonium, Na, K, Li, Mg or a monoethanolamine or triethanolamine residue. It is also possible to use mixtures of compounds of formula (1), in particular mixtures of compounds containing different R_1’ groups. The polyoxyalkylenated alkyl(amido) ether carboxylic acids that are particularly pre- ferred are those of formula (1) in which: - R_1' denotes a linear or branched C₈-C₂₂, in particular C₁₀-C₁₆, or even C₁₂-C₁₄, alkyl radical, or else a (C₈-C₉)alkylphenyl radical; - A denotes a hydrogen or sodium atom, and - n’ ranges from 2 to 20, preferably from 2 to 10. More preferentially still, use is made of compounds of formula (1) in which R_1' denotes a C₁₂-C₁₄ alkyl radical or cocoyl, oleyl, nonylphenyl or octylphenyl radical, A denotes a hydrogen or sodium atom and n’ ranges from 2 to 10. Among the commercial products that may preferably be used are the products sold by the company Kao under the names: Akypo® NP 70 (R₁ = nonylphenyl, n = 7, A = H) Akypo® NP 40 (R₁ = nonylphenyl, n = 4, A = H) Akypo® OP 40 (R₁ = octylphenyl, n = 4, A = H) Akypo® OP 80 (R₁ = octylphenyl, n = 8, A = H) Akypo® OP 190 (R₁ = octylphenyl, n = 19, A = H) Akypo® RLM 38 (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 4, A = H) Akypo® RLM 38 NV (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 4, A = Na) Akypo® RLM 45 CA (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 4.5, A = H) Akypo® RLM 45 NV (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 4.5, A = Na) Akypo® RLM 100 (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 10, A = H) Akypo® RLM 100 NV (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 10, A = Na) Akypo® RLM 130 (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 13, A = H) Akypo® RLM 160 NV (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 16, A = Na), or by the company Sandoz under the names: Sandopan DTC-Acid (R₁ = (C₁₃)alkyl, n = 6, A = H) Sandopan DTC (R₁ = (C₁₃)alkyl, n = 6, A = Na) Sandopan LS 24 (R₁ = (C₁₂-C₁₄)alkyl, n = 12, A = Na) Sandopan JA 36 (R₁ = (C₁₃)alkyl, n = 18, A = H), and more particularly the products sold under the following names: Akypo® RLM 45 (INCI: Laureth-5 carboxylic acid), Akypo®RLM 100, and Akypo® RLM 38. Preferentially, the carboxylic anionic surfactants are chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - in particular C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀ acylglutamates, such as stearoylglutamates, and in particular disodium stearoylglutamate; - in particular C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀ acylsarcosinates, such as palmitoylsarcosinates, and in particular sodium palmitoylsarcosinate; - in particular C₁₂-C₂₈ or even C₁₄-C₂₄ acyllactylates, such as behenoyllactylates, and in particular sodium behenoyllactylate; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ acylglycinates; - (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylates, and particularly (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl ether carboxylates; in particular those including from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups; - polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkylamido ether carboxylic acids, in particular those in- cluding from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups; in particular in acid form or in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammo- nium or amino alcohol salts. Polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof are preferably used. The sulfonate anionic surfactants that may be used include at least one sulfonate func- tion (-SO₃H or -SO₃ ^–). They may be chosen from the following compounds: alkyl- sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, alkylamidesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkyl- amidesulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, N-acyltaurates, acylisethionates; alkyl- sulfolaurates; and also the salts of these compounds; the alkyl groups of these compounds including from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly from 12 to 28, even better still from 14 to 24 or even from 16 to 22 carbon atoms; the aryl group preferably denoting a phenyl or benzyl group; it being possible for these compounds to be polyoxyalkylenated, particularly polyoxy- ethylenated, and then preferably including from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units and better still from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units. Preferentially, the sulfonate anionic surfactants are chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ olefin sulfonates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfosuccinates, in particular laurylsulfosuccin- ates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfosuccinates; - (C₆-C₂₄)acylisethionates and preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈)acylisethionates; in particular in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts. The sulfate anionic surfactants that may be used include at least one sulfate function (-OSO₃H or -OSO₃-). They may be chosen from the following compounds: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamido ether sulfates, alkylaryl polyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates; and the salts of these compounds; the alkyl groups of these compounds including from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly from 12 to 28, even better still from 14 to 24 or even from 16 to 22 carbon atoms; the aryl group preferably denoting a phenyl or benzyl group; it being possible for these compounds to be polyoxyalkylenated, particularly polyoxy- ethylenated, and then preferably including from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units and better still from 2 to 10 ethylene oxide units. Preferentially, the sulfate anionic surfactants are chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - in particular C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl sulfates, and - in particular C₆-C₂₄ or even C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfates, preferably comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units; in particular in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts. When the anionic surfactant is in salt form, said salt may be chosen from alkali metal salts, such as the sodium or potassium salt, ammonium salts, amine salts and in par- ticular amino alcohol salts, and alkaline-earth metal salts, such as the magnesium salt. Examples of amino alcohol salts that may be mentioned include monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine salts, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine salts, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol salts, 2-amino-2-methyl- 1,3-propanediol salts and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salts. Alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts and in particular sodium or magnesium salts are preferably used. Preferentially, the anionic surfactants are chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl sulfates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfates; preferably comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfosuccinates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ olefin sulfonates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfosuccinates; - (C₆-C₂₄)acylisethionates and preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈)acylisethionates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ acylsarcosinates; - (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylates, preferably (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl ether carboxylates; in par- ticular those including from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups; - polyoxyalkylenated (C₆-C₂₄)alkylamido ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, in par- ticular those including from 2 to 50 alkylene oxide and in particular ethylene oxide groups; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ acylglutamates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ acylglycinates; in particular in acid form or in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammo- nium or amino alcohol salts. Preferentially, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more ani- onic surfactants chosen from C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl sulfates, C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfates, preferably comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units; these surfactants being more particularly in the form of alkali metal or al- kaline-earth metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts; and also mixtures thereof. The composition according to the invention may also be devoid (0%) of sulfated sur- factants (sulfate-free); in that case, it advantageously comprises one or more anionic surfactants chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkylsulfosuccinates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ olefin sulfonates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfosuccinates; - (C₆-C₂₄)acylisethionates and preferably (C₁₂-C₁₈)acylisethionates; - C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ acylsarcosinates; - (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether carboxylates, preferably (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl ether carboxylates; in par- ticular those including from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide groups; in particular in acid form or in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammo- nium or amino alcohol salts. Preferably, the composition comprises the anionic surfactant(s) in a total amount rang- ing from 0.01% to 30% by weight, especially possibly ranging from 1% to 28% by weight, in particular from 5% to 25% by weight, preferably from 7% to 23% by weight, better still from 8% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Amphoteric surfactants The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more amphoteric surfactants. The term “amphoteric surfactant” means a surfactant including, as ionic or ionizable groups, one or more anionic groups and one or more cationic groups. The amphoteric surfactant(s) that can be used in the context of the invention are non-silicone. Mention may in particular be made, alone or as a mixture, of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines, (C₈- C₂₀)alkylsulfobetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines and (C₈-C₂₀)alkyl- amido(C₆-C₈)alkylsulfobetaines. They may also be chosen from optionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic amine derivatives, in which the aliphatic group is a linear or branched chain including from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, said amine derivatives containing at least one anionic group, for instance a carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate group. Among the optionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic amine derivatives that may be used, as defined above, mention may also be made of the compounds having the respective structures (A), (B) and (C) below: (A) R_a-CONHCH₂CH₂-N⁺(R_b)(R_c)-CH₂COO-, M⁺, X- in which: - R_a represents a C₁₀ to C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group derived from an acid R_aCOOH prefer- ably present in hydrolyzed coconut kernel oil, or a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl group; - R_b represents a β-hydroxyethyl group; and - R_c represents a carboxymethyl group; - M⁺ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine, and - X- represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or (C₁-C₄)al- kylaryl-sulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate; or alternatively M⁺ and X- are absent; (B) R_a’-CONHCH₂CH₂-N(B)(B') in which: - B represents the group -CH₂CH₂OX’; - B’ represents the group -(CH₂)_zY’, with z = 1 or 2; - X’ represents the group -CH₂COOH, -CH₂-COOZ’, -CH₂CH₂COOH or CH₂CH₂-COOZ’, or a hydrogen atom; - Y’ represents the group -COOH, -COOZ’ or -CH₂CH(OH)SO₃H or the group CH₂CH(OH)SO₃-Z’; - Z’ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine; - R_a’ represents a C₁₀ to C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid R_a’-COOH which is prefer- ably present in hydrolysed linseed oil or coconut kernel oil, an alkyl group, particularly a C₁₇ alkyl group, and its iso form, or an unsaturated C₁₇ group. These compounds are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition, 1993, under the names disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, disodium caprylamphodiacetate, disodium capryloamphodiacetate, disodium cocoamphodipropi- onate, disodium lauroamphodipropionate, disodium caprylamphodipropionate, diso- dium capryloamphodipropionate, lauroamphodipropionic acid and cocoamphodipropi- onic acid. By way of example, mention may be made of the cocoamphodiacetate sold by the com- pany Rhodia under the trade name Miranol® C2M Concentrate. (C) R_a''-NHCH(Y'')-(CH₂)_nCONH(CH₂)_n'-N(R_d)(R_e) in which: - Y’’ represents the group -COOH, -COOZ’’ or -CH₂CH(OH)SO₃H or the group CH₂CH(OH)SO₃-Z’’; - R_d and R_e, independently of each other, represent a C₁ to C₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical; - Z’’ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an ion derived from an organic amine; - R_a'' represents a C₁₀ to C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid R_a''-COOH which is prefer- ably present in hydrolysed linseed oil or coconut kernel oil; - n and n’ denote, independently of each other, an integer ranging from 1 to 3. Among the amphoteric surfactants, use is preferably made of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines such as cocoylbetaine, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines such as cocami- dopropylbetaine, and mixtures thereof, and the compounds of formula (C) such the salts, particularly the sodium salt, of diethylaminopropyl laurylaminosuccinamate (INCI name: sodium diethylaminopropyl cocoaspartamide). Preferentially, the amphoteric surfactants are chosen from (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines such as cocoylbetaine, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines such as cocamidopropylbeta- ine, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the composition may comprise the amphoteric surfactant(s) in a total amount possibly ranging from 0.01% to 15% by weight, better still from 0.1% to 12% by weight, especially from 0.5% to 8% by weight, better still from 1% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. In one preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention may comprise one or more anionic surfactants and one or more amphoteric surfactants. In particular, it may comprise: - one or more anionic surfactants chosen from C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl sulfates, C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfates, preferably comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units; particularly in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts; and - one or more amphoteric surfactants chosen from (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines such as co- coylbetaine, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines such as cocamidopropylbetaine, and mixtures thereof. Non-silicone fatty substances The composition according to the invention may optionally comprise one or more non- silicone fatty substances, which can be chosen from solid fatty substances, liquid fatty substances and mixtures thereof. The term “non-silicone fatty substance” means a fatty substance not containing any Si-O bonds. The term “solid fatty substance” means a fatty substance having a melting point of greater than 25°C, preferably greater than or equal to 28°C, preferentially greater than or equal to 30°C, at atmospheric pressure (1.013 × 10⁵ Pa). Advantageously, the solid fatty substances that may be used in the present invention are neither (poly)oxyalkylenated nor (poly)glycerolated. The solid fatty substances may be chosen from solid fatty acids, solid fatty alcohols, solid esters of fatty acids and/or of fatty alcohols, waxes and ceramides, and mixtures thereof. “Fatty acid” means a long-chain carboxylic acid comprising from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The solid fatty acids according to the invention preferentially comprise from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 14 to 22 carbon atoms. These fatty acids are neither oxyalkylenated nor glycerolated. The solid fatty acids that may be used in the present invention are particularly chosen from myristic acid, cetylic acid, stearylic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, behenic acid, and mixtures thereof. Said fatty acids are other than the (poly)hydroxylated carboxylic acids comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms described previously. “Fatty alcohol” means a long-chain aliphatic alcohol comprising from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, and comprising at least one hydroxyl group OH. These fatty alcohols are neither oxyalkylenated nor glycerolated. The solid fatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated, and linear or branched, and include from 8 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, better still from 12 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, the solid fatty alcohols have the structure R-OH with R denoting a linear alkyl group, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, comprising from 8 to 40, preferentially from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, better still from 12 to 30, or even from 12 to 24 atoms and even better still from 14 to 22 carbon atoms. The solid fatty alcohols that may be used are preferably chosen from saturated, and linear or branched, preferably linear and saturated, (mono)alcohols including from 8 to 40 carbon atoms, better still from 10 to 30, or even from 12 to 24 atoms and even better still from 14 to 22 carbon atoms. The solid fatty alcohols that can be used may be chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: - myristyl alcohol (or 1-tetradecanol); - cetyl alcohol (or 1-hexadecanol); - stearyl alcohol (or 1-octadecanol); - arachidyl alcohol (or 1-eicosanol); - behenyl alcohol (or 1-docosanol); - lignoceryl alcohol (or 1-tetracosanol); - ceryl alcohol (or 1-hexacosanol); - montanyl alcohol (or 1-octacosanol); - myricyl alcohol (or 1-triacontanol). Preferentially, the solid fatty alcohol is chosen from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, be- henyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof, such as cetyl- stearyl or cetearyl alcohol. Particularly preferably, the solid fatty alcohol is chosen from cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or mixtures thereof, such as cetylstearyl alcohol; better still, the solid fatty alcohol is cetylstearyl alcohol. The solid esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcohol that may be used are preferably chosen from esters derived from a C₉-C₂₆ carboxylic fatty acid and/or from a C₉-C₂₆ fatty alcohol. Preferably, these solid fatty esters are esters of a linear or branched, saturated carbox- ylic acid including at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and more particularly from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and of a linear or branched, saturated monoalcohol including at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms and more particularly from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. The saturated carboxylic acids may optionally be hydroxylated, and are preferably monocarboxylic acids. Esters of C₄-C₂₂ dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids and of C₁-C₂₂ alcohols and esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids and of C₂-C₂₆ di-, tri-, tetra- or pentahydroxy alcohols may also be used. Mention may particularly be made of octyldodecyl behenate, isocetyl behenate, cetyl lactate, stearyl octanoate, octyl octanoate, cetyl octanoate, decyl oleate, hexyl stearate, octyl stearate, myristyl stearate, cetyl stearate, stearyl stearate, octyl pelargonate, cetyl myristate, myristyl myristate, stearyl myristate, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, di-n-propyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl maleate, octyl palmi- tate, myristyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate, stearyl palmitate, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the solid esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcohol are chosen from C₉- C₂₆ alkyl palmitates, particularly myristyl palmitate, cetyl palmitate and stearyl palmi- tate; C₉-C₂₆ alkyl myristates, such as cetyl myristate, stearyl myristate and myristyl myristate; C₉-C₂₆ alkyl stearates, particularly myristyl stearate, cetyl stearate and stearyl stearate; and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferably, the solid esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcohol are cho- sen from myristyl stearate, myristyl palmitate and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of the present invention, a wax is a lipophilic compound, which is solid at 25°C and atmospheric pressure, with a reversible solid/liquid change of state, hav- ing a melting point of greater than approximately 40°C and which may be up to 200°C, and having anisotropic crystal organization in the solid state. In general, the size of the wax crystals is such that the crystals diffract and/or scatter light, giving the composi- tion that comprises them a relatively opaque cloudy appearance. By bringing the wax to its melting point, it is possible to make it miscible with oils and to form a microscop- ically homogeneous mixture, but on returning the temperature of the mixture to ambient temperature, recrystallization of the wax, which is microscopically and macroscopically detectable (opalescence), is obtained. In particular, the waxes that are suitable for use in the invention may be chosen from waxes of animal, plant or mineral origin, non-silicone synthetic waxes, and mixtures thereof. Mention may particularly be made of hydrocarbon-based waxes, for instance beeswax or modified beeswaxes (cera bellina), lanolin wax and lanolin derivatives, spermaceti; cork fibre or sugarcane waxes, olive tree wax, rice bran wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, ouricury wax, esparto grass wax, berry wax, shellac wax, Japan wax and sumac wax, absolute waxes of flowers; montan wax, orange wax, lemon wax, microcrystalline waxes, paraffins, petroleum jelly, lignite and ozokerite; polyethylene waxes, the waxes obtained by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and waxy copolymers, and also esters thereof. Mention may also be made of C2 to C60 microcrystalline waxes, such as Microwax HW. Mention may also be made of the MW 500 polyethylene wax sold under the reference Permalen 50-L Polyethylene. Mention may also be made of waxes obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of animal or plant oils having linear or branched C₈ to C₃₂ fatty chains. Among these waxes, mention may particularly be made of isomerized jojoba oil such as trans-isomerized partially hydrogenated jojoba oil, particularly the product manu- factured or sold by the company Desert Whale under the commercial reference Iso- Jojoba-50®, hydrogenated sunflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coco- nut kernel oil, hydrogenated lanolin oil and bis(1,1,1-trimethylolpropane) tetrastearate, particularly the product sold under the name Hest 2T-4S® by the company Heterene. The waxes obtained by hydrogenation of castor oil esterified with cetyl alcohol, such as those sold under the names Phytowax Castor 16L64® and 22L73® by the company Sophim, may also be used. A wax that may also be used is a C20 to C40 alkyl (hydroxystearyloxy)stearate (the alkyl group comprising from 20 to 40 carbon atoms), alone or as a mixture. Such a wax is particularly sold under the names Kester Wax K 82 P®, Hydroxypolyester K 82 P® and Kester Wax K 80 P® by Koster Keunen. It is also possible to use microwaxes in the compositions of the invention; mention may particularly be made of carnauba microwaxes, such as the product sold under the name MicroCare 350® by the company Micro Powders, synthetic-wax microwaxes, such as the product sold under the name MicroEase 114S® by the company Micro Powders, microwaxes constituted of a mixture of carnauba wax and polyethylene wax, such as the products sold under the names Micro Care 300® and 310® by the company Micro Powders, microwaxes constituted of a mixture of carnauba wax and of synthetic wax, such as the product sold under the name Micro Care 325® by the company Micro Pow- ders, polyethylene microwaxes, such as the products sold under the names Micropoly 200®, 220®, 220L® and 250S® by the company Micro Powders, and polytetrafluoroeth- ylene microwaxes, such as the products sold under the names Microslip 519® and 519 L® by the company Micro Powders. The waxes are preferably chosen from mineral waxes, for instance paraffin, petroleum jelly, lignite or ozokerite wax; plant waxes, for instance cocoa butter, shea butter or cork fibre or sugar cane waxes, olive tree wax, rice bran wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax, ouricury wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, esparto grass wax, or absolute waxes of flowers, such as the essential wax of blackcurrant blossom sold by the company Bertin (France); waxes of animal origin, for instance beeswaxes or modified beeswaxes (cera bellina), spermaceti, lanolin wax and lanolin derivatives; microcrystalline waxes; and mixtures thereof. Ceramides, or ceramide analogues, such as glycoceramides, that may be used in the compositions according to the invention, are known; mention may in particular be made of ceramides of classes I, II, III and V according to the Dawning classification. The ceramides or analogues thereof that may be used preferably correspond to the

in which: - R₁ denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, derived from C₁₄-C₃₀ fatty acids, it being possible for this group to be substituted with a hydroxyl group in the alpha position, or a hydroxyl group in the omega position esterified with a saturated or unsaturated C₁₆-C₃₀ fatty acid; - R₂ denotes a hydrogen atom, a (glycosyl)_n group, a (galactosyl)_m group or a sulfoga- lactosyl group, in which n is an integer ranging from 1 to 4 and m is an integer ranging from 1 to 8; - R₃ denotes a C₁₅-C₂₆ hydrocarbon-based group, which is saturated or unsaturated in the alpha position, it being possible for this group to be substituted with one or more C₁-C₁₄ alkyl groups; it being understood that, in the case of natural ceramides or glycoceramides, R₃ may also denote a C₁₅-C₂₆ alpha-hydroxyalkyl group, the hydroxyl group optionally being es- terified with a C₁₆-C₃₀ alpha-hydroxy acid. Preferentially, use is made of ceramides for which R₁ denotes a saturated or unsatu- rated alkyl group derived from C₁₄-C₃₀ fatty acids; R₂ denotes a galactosyl or sulfoga- lactosyl group; and R₃ denotes a -CH=CH-(CH₂)₁₂-CH₃ group. The ceramides that are more particularly preferred are the compounds for which R₁ denotes a saturated or unsaturated alkyl derived from C₁₆-C₂₂ fatty acids; R₂ denotes a hydrogen atom and R₃ denotes a saturated or unsaturated linear C₁₅ group. Use may also be made of the compounds for which R₁ denotes a saturated or unsatu- rated alkyl radical derived from C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids; R₂ denotes a galactosyl or sulfoga- lactosyl radical; and R₃ denotes a saturated or unsaturated C₁₂-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based radical and preferably a -CH=CH-(CH₂)₁₂-CH₃ group. As compounds that are particularly preferred, mention may also be made of 2-N- linoleoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol; 2-N-oleoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol; 2-N-pal- mitoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol; 2-N-stearoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol; 2-N-be- henoylaminooctadecane-1,3-diol; 2-N-[2-hydroxypalmitoyl]aminooctadecane-1,3-diol; 2-N-stearoylaminooctadecane-1,3,4-triol and in particular N-stearoylphytosphingo- sine, 2-N-palmitoylaminohexadecane-1,3-diol, N-linoleoyldihydrosphingosine, N- oleoyldihydrosphingosine, N-palmitoyldihydrosphingosine, N-stearoyldihydrosphingo- sine, and N-behenoyldihydrosphingosine, N-docosanoyl-N-methyl-D-glucamine, ce- tylic acid N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(3-cetyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)amide and bis(N-hydrox- yethyl-N-cetyl)malonamide; and mixtures thereof. Use will preferably be made of N- oleoyldihydrosphingosine. As liquid fatty substances that may be used, mention may be made of liquid hydrocar- bons, liquid fatty alcohols, liquid esters of fatty acids and/or fatty alcohols other than the triglycerides, oils of triglyceride type of plant or synthetic origin, mineral oils and mixtures thereof. The liquid fatty substances have a melting point of less than or equal to 25°C, prefer- ably of less than or equal to 20°C, at atmospheric pressure (1.013 × 10⁵ Pa). Advan- tageously, the liquid fatty substances are not (poly)oxyalkylenated. It is recalled that the fatty alcohols, esters and acids more particularly have at least one saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 6 to 40 and better still from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted, in particular with one or more hydroxyl groups (in particular 1 to 4). If they are unsatu- rated, these compounds may comprise one to three conjugated or unconjugated car- bon-carbon double bonds. The liquid hydrocarbons may be C₆ to C₁₈ liquid hydrocarbons and be linear, branched or optionally cyclic; they are preferably chosen from C₈-C₁₆, particularly C₁₀-C₁₄, alkanes. Examples that may be mentioned include hexane, cyclohexane, undecane, dodecane, isododecane, tridecane or isoparaffins, such as isohexadecane or isodecane, and mix- tures thereof. The liquid hydrocarbons may also be chosen from those comprising more than 16 car- bon atoms, which may be linear or branched, of mineral or synthetic origin; mention may be made of liquid paraffins or liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes, hydrogenated polyisobutene, such as Parleam®, and mixtures thereof. The triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin may be chosen from liquid fatty acid triglycerides including from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, for instance heptanoic or octanoic acid triglycerides, or alternatively, for example, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, mar- row oil, grapeseed oil, sesame seed oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, castor oil, avocado oil, caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, for instance those sold by the company Stéarinerie Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil and shea butter oil, and mixtures thereof. The liquid fatty alcohols may be chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsatu- rated alcohols, preferably unsaturated or branched alcohols, including from 6 to 40 car- bon atoms and preferably from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples that may be mentioned include octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, isos- tearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, ricinoleyl alcohol, undecylenyl alcohol and linoleyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. As regards the liquid esters of fatty acids and/or fatty alcohols other than the triglyc- erides mentioned above, mention may particularly be made of esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear C₁ to C₂₆ or branched C₃ to C₂₆, aliphatic monoacids or polyacids and of saturated or unsaturated, linear C₁ to C₂₆ or branched C₃ to C₂₆, aliphatic monoalco- hols or polyalcohols, the total carbon number of the esters being greater than or equal to 6, more advantageously greater than or equal to 10. Preferably, for the esters of monoalcohols, at least one of the alcohol or the acid, from which the esters of the invention are derived, is branched. Among the monoesters, mention may be made of dihydroabietyl behenate; octyldodecyl behenate; isocetyl behenate; isostearyl lactate; lauryl lactate; linoleyl lactate; oleyl lac- tate; isostearyl octanoate; isocetyl octanoate; octyl octanoate; decyl oleate; isocetyl isostearate; isocetyl laurate; isocetyl stearate; isodecyl octanoate; isodecyl oleate; isononyl isononanoate; isostearyl palmitate; methyl acetyl ricinoleate; octyl isononano- ate; 2-ethylhexyl isononate; octyldodecyl erucate; oleyl erucate; ethyl and isopropyl palmitates such as 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate; alkyl myristates such as isopropyl myristate, 2-octyldodecyl myristate, isobutyl stearate; 2-hexyldecyl laurate, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, among the monoesters of monoacids and of monoalcohols, use will be made of ethyl palmitate or isopropyl palmitate, alkyl myristates, such as isopropyl or ethyl myristate, isocetyl stearate, 2-ethylhexyl isononanoate, isodecyl neopentanoate, isos- tearyl neopentanoate and mixtures thereof. Still within the context of this variant, esters of C₄ to C₂₂ dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids and of C₁ to C₂₂ alcohols and esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids and of C₂ to C₂₆ di-, tri-, tetra- or pentahydroxy alcohols may also be used. Mention may particularly be made of: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; diisopro- pyl adipate; di-n-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; diisostearyl adipate; dioctyl maleate; glyceryl undecylenate; octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate; pentaerythrityl monoricinoleate; pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate; propylene glycol dicaprylate; propyl- ene glycol dicaprate; tridecyl erucate; triisopropyl citrate; triisostearyl citrate; glyceryl trilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; trioctyldodecyl citrate; trioleyl citrate; propylene glycol dioctanoate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate; diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and pol- yethylene glycol distearates, and mixtures thereof. The composition may also comprise, as fatty ester, sugar esters and diesters of C₆ to C₃₀, preferably C₁₂ to C₂₂, fatty acids. It is recalled that “sugar” means oxygen-containing hydrocarbon-based compounds bearing several alcohol functions, with or without al- dehyde or ketone functions, and which comprise at least 4 carbon atoms. These sugars may be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. Examples of suitable sugars that may be mentioned include sucrose, glucose, galac- tose, ribose, fucose, maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and lactose, and derivatives thereof, particularly alkyl derivatives, such as methyl derivatives, for in- stance methylglucose. The sugar esters of fatty acids may be chosen particularly from the group comprising the esters or mixtures of esters of sugars described previously and of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₆ to C₃₀ and preferably C₁₂ to C₂₂ fatty acids. If they are unsaturated, these compounds may comprise one to three conjugated or unconju- gated carbon-carbon double bonds. The esters according to this variant may also be chosen from mono-, di-, tri- and tet- raesters, polyesters, and mixtures thereof. These esters may be, for example, oleates, laurates, palmitates, myristates, behenates, cocoates, stearates, linoleates, linolenates, caprates, arachidonates or mixtures thereof, particularly such as the mixed oleo-palmitate, oleo-stearate and palmito-stea- rate esters. More particularly, use is made of monoesters and diesters and particularly sucrose, glucose or methylglucose mono- or di-oleates, stearates, behenates, oleopalmitates, linoleates, linolenates and oleostearates, and mixtures thereof. Mention may be made, by way of example, of the product sold under the name Glucate® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a methylglucose dioleate. Preferably, use will be made of a liquid ester of a monoacid and of a monoalcohol. Preferably, the non-silicone fatty substances are chosen from triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin, liquid esters of a fatty acid and/or a fatty alcohol other than triglyc- erides, liquid C₆-C₁₈ hydrocarbons, solid fatty alcohols, liquid fatty alcohols, solid esters of fatty acids and/or of fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof. The composition according to the invention may comprise the non-silicone fatty sub- stance(s) in a total amount ranging from 0.1% to 20% by weight, better still from 1% to 18% by weight, preferentially from 2% to 15% by weight, even better still from 3% to 13% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition according to the invention may comprise the non-silicone fatty sub- stance(s), chosen from solid fatty alcohols, solid fatty esters and mixtures thereof, in a total amount ranging from 0.1% to 20% by weight, better still from 1% to 18% by weight, preferentially from 2% to 15% by weight, even better still from 3% to 13% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Associative polymers The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more associative pol- ymers, preferably chosen from nonionic associative polymers, cationic associative pol- ymers and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “polymer” means any compound derived from the polymerization by polycondensation or from the radical polymerization of monomers, at least one of which is other than an alkylene oxide, and of a monofunc- tional compound of formula RX, R denoting an optionally hydroxylated C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group, and X denoting a carboxylic acid, amine, amide, hydroxyl or ester group. All the compounds resulting solely from the simple condensation of an alkylene oxide with a fatty alcohol, a fatty ester, a fatty acid, a fatty amide or a fatty amine are in particular excluded. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “associative polymer” means an amphiphilic polymer that is capable, in an aqueous medium, of reversibly associating with itself or with other molecules. It generally includes, in its chemical structure, at least one hydrophilic region or group and at least one hydrophobic region or group. The associative polymers according to the invention are polymers comprising at least one fatty chain including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, the molecules of which are capa- ble, in the formulation medium, of associating with each other or with molecules of other compounds. Preferably, the fatty chain includes from 10 to 30 carbon atoms. A particular case of associative polymers is amphiphilic polymers, that is to say poly- mers including one or more hydrophilic parts or groups which make them water-soluble and one or more hydrophobic regions or groups (including at least one fatty chain) via which the polymers interact and assemble with each other or with other molecules. The term “hydrophobic group” means a group or a polymer containing a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain, which may contain one or more heteroatoms such as P, O, N or S, or a radical containing a perfluoro or silicone chain. When it denotes a hydrocarbon-based group, the hydrophobic group includes at least 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 30 carbon atoms, in particular from 12 to 30 carbon atoms and preferentially from 18 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferentially, the hy- drocarbon-based hydrophobic group originates from a monofunctional compound. By way of example, the hydrophobic group may be derived from a fatty alcohol, such as stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol or decyl alcohol, or else from a polyalkylenated fatty alcohol, such as Steareth-100. It may also denote a hydrocarbon-based polymer, for instance polybutadiene. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “fatty chain” means a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl chain including at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 22 carbon atoms. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “fatty”, for instance a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid or a fatty amide, means a compound comprising, in its main chain, at least one saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain, such as an alkyl or alkenyl chain, including at least 8 carbon atoms, preferably from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 10 to 22 carbon atoms. Among the anionic associative polymers, mention may particularly be made of: - (A) those including at least one hydrophilic unit and at least one fatty-chain allyl ether unit; and more particularly those: of which the hydrophilic unit is constituted by an ethylenic unsaturated anionic mono- mer, even more particularly by a vinylcarboxylic acid and most particularly by an acrylic acid or a methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof; and of which the fatty-chain allyl ether unit corresponds to the monomer of formula (I’) below: CH₂=C(R’)-CH₂OB_nR in which R’ denotes H or CH₃, B denotes an ethyleneoxy radical, n ranges from 0 to 100 and R denotes a hydrocarbon-based radical chosen from the alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, al- kylaryl and cycloalkyl radicals, comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 10 to 24 carbon atoms and even more particularly from 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Prefer- ably, R’ denotes H, n = 10 and R denotes a stearyl (C₁₈) radical. Among these anionic associative polymers, preference is particularly given to polymers formed from 20% to 60% by weight of acrylic acid and/or of methacrylic acid, from 5% to 60% by weight of C₁-C₄ alkyl (meth)acrylates, from 2% to 50% by weight of fatty- chain allyl ether of formula (I’) and from 0% to 1% by weight of a crosslinking agent which is preferably a copolymerizable polyethylenic unsaturated monomer, such as di- allyl phthalate, allyl (meth)acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly)ethylene glycol dimethacry- late or methylenebisacrylamide. Preference is most particularly given to crosslinked terpolymers of methacrylic acid, of ethyl acrylate and of polyethylene glycol (10 EO) stearyl alcohol ether (Steareth-10), particularly the product sold by the company BASF under the name Salcare SC80, which is a 30% aqueous emulsion of a crosslinked terpolymer of methacrylic acid, of ethyl acrylate and of steareth-10 allyl ether (40/50/10) having the INCI name Steareth- 10 Allyl Ether/Acrylates Copolymer; - (B) those including at least one hydrophilic unit of unsaturated olefinic carboxylic acid type and at least one hydrophobic unit of (C₁₀-C₃₀)alkyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type. These polymers are preferably chosen from those for which the hydrophilic unit of un- saturated olefinic carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula (II) be- low: C C OH in

or C₂H₅, and for which the hydrophobic unit of (C₁₀-C₃₀)al- kyl ester of unsaturated carboxylic acid type corresponds to the monomer of formula

in which R₂ denotes H, CH₃ or C₂H₅ and R₃ denotes a C₁₀-C₃₀ and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂ alkyl radical. (C₁₀-C₃₀) Alkyl esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids in accordance with the invention comprise, for example, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate and dodecyl acrylate, and the corresponding methacrylates, lauryl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate and dodecyl methacrylate. Among these anionic associative polymers, use will more particularly be made of poly- mers formed from a mixture of monomers comprising: (i) (meth)acrylic acid, (ii) an ester of formula (III) described above in which R₂ denotes H or CH₃, R₃ denotes an alkyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally (iii) and a crosslinking agent, which is a well-known copolymerizable polyethylenic un- saturated monomer, for instance diallyl phthalate, allyl (meth)acrylate, divinylbenzene, (poly)ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or methylenebisacrylamide. Among anionic associative polymers of this type, preference is more particularly given to those constituted of from 95% to 60% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid, 4% to 40% by weight of C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl acrylate and 0% to 6% by weight of crosslinking polymerizable monomer, or else to those constituted of from 98% to 96% by weight of (meth)acrylic acid, 1% to 4% by weight of C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl acrylate and 0.1% to 0.6% by weight of cross- linking polymerizable monomer, such as those described previously. Mention may in particular be made of the products sold by the company Lubrizol under the trade names Pemulen TR1, Pemulen TR2, Carbopol 1382, Carbopol ETD 2020, Car- bopol Ultrez 20, Carbopol Ultrez 21, having the INCI name Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acry- late Crosspolymer, and even more preferentially Pemulen TR1 and Carbopol 1382; - (C) maleic anhydride/C₃₀-C₃₈ α-olefin/alkyl maleate terpolymers, such as the maleic anhydride/C₃₀-C₃₈ α-olefin/isopropyl maleate copolymer, in particular the product sold under the name Performa V 1608 by the company Newphase Technologies (INCI name: C30-38 Olefin/Isopropyl Maleate/MA Copolymer); - (D) acrylic terpolymers comprising (a) 20% to 70% by weight of an α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, (b) 20% to 80% by weight of a non-surfactant α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated mon- omer other than (a), and (c) 0.5% to 60% by weight of a nonionic monourethane which is the reaction product of a monohydric surfactant with a monoethylenically unsaturated monoisocyanate. Mention may particularly be made of the methacrylic acid/methyl acrylate/dime- thyl(meta-isopropenyl)benzyl isocyanate of ethoxylated (40 EO) behenyl alcohol ter- polymer, particularly as a 25% aqueous dispersion, such as the product Viscophobe DB1000 sold by the company Amerchol (Dow Chemical), having the INCI name Poly- acrylate-3. - (E) copolymers including, among their monomers (i) an α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, such as acrylic acid or meth- acrylic acid, and (ii) an ester of α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, particularly acrylic or methacrylic acid, and of fatty alcohol, particularly C8-C32 oxyalkylenated fatty alcohol, particularly comprising 2 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, in particular 4 to 50, or even 10 to 40 EO. Mention may in particular made, as monomers, of behenyl or stearyl (meth)acrylate comprising 10 to 40 EO, in particular 18 to 30 EO. Preferentially, these compounds also comprise, as monomer, an ester of an α,β-mo- noethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and of a C₁-C₄ alcohol, particularly a C₁-C₄ alkyl (meth)acrylate. Preferably, these copolymers comprise at least one (meth)acrylic acid monomer, at least one C₁-C₄ alkyl (meth)acrylate monomer and at least one C₈-C₃₂ alkyl (meth)acry- late monomer which is oxyethylenated, comprising from 2 to 100 mol EO, in particular from 4 to 50 EO, or even from 10 to 40 EO. By way of example, mention may be made of Aculyn 22 sold by the company Rohm and Haas, which is a methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/ oxyalkylenated stearyl methacrylate terpolymer (INCI name: Acrylates/Steareth-20 Methacrylate Copolymer), or also of Aculyn 28 sold by Rohm and Haas, which is a methacrylic acid/ethyl acrylate/ oxy- alkylenated behenyl methacrylate terpolymer (INCI name: Acrylates/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer), and also of the Novethix L-10 Polymer sold by Lubrizol; - (F) associative polymers including at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer bearing a sulfonic group, in free or partially or totally neutralized form and comprising at least one hydrophobic portion. Among the polymers of this type, mention may be made more especially of: - crosslinked or non-crosslinked, neutralized or non-neutralized copolymers including from 15% to 60% by weight of AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid or salt) units and from 40% to 85% by weight of (C₈-C₁₆)alkyl (meth)acrylate units relative to the polymer, such as those described in patent application EP-A-750899; - terpolymers comprising from 10 mol% to 90 mol% of acrylamide units, from 0.1 mol% to 10 mol% of AMPS units and from 5 mol% to 80 mol% of n-(C₆-C₈)alkylacrylamide units, such as those described in patent US5089578; - copolymers of totally neutralized AMPS and of dodecyl methacrylate, and also copol- ymers of AMPS and of n-dodecylmethacrylamide, which are non-crosslinked and cross- linked; - copolymers constituted of AMPS units and of steareth-25 methacrylate units, such as Aristoflex HMS® sold by the company Clariant (INCI name: Ammonium Acryloyldime- thyltaurate/Steareth-25 Methacrylate Crosspolymer), or beheneth-25 methacrylate units, such as Aristoflex® HMB (INCI name: Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Behe- neth-25 Methacrylate Crosspolymer) sold by the company Clariant, or also steareth-8 methacrylate units, such as Aristoflex SNC® from Clariant (INCI name: Ammonium Ac- ryloyldimethyltaurate/Steareth-8 Methacrylate Copolymer). - (G) associative polymers including at least one vinyllactam monomer and at least one α,β-monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer, such as terpoly- mers of vinylpyrrolidone, of acrylic acid and of C₁-C₂₀ alkyl methacrylate, for ex- ample lauryl methacrylate, such as the product sold by the company ISP under the name Acrylidone® LM (INCI name: VP/Acrylates/Lauryl Methacrylate Co- polymer). Among the cationic associative polymers, mention may be made of: - (A’) cationic associative polyurethanes, which may be represented by the general for- mula (Ia) below: R-X-(P)_n-[L-(Y)_m]_r-L’-(P’)_p-X’-R’ in which: R and R’, which are identical or different, represent a hydrophobic group or a hydrogen atom; X and X’, which are identical or different, represent a group including an amine function optionally bearing a hydrophobic group, or alternatively a group L”; L, L’ and L”, which are identical or different, represent a group derived from a diisocy- anate; P and P’, which are identical or different, represent a group including an amine function optionally bearing a hydrophobic group; Y represents a hydrophilic group; r is an integer between 1 and 100 inclusive, preferably between 1 and 50 inclusive and in particular between 1 and 25 inclusive; n, m and p are each, independently of each other, between 0 and 1000 inclusive; the molecule containing at least one protonated or quaternized amine function and at least one hydrophobic group. Preferably, the only hydrophobic groups are the groups R and R' at the chain ends. One preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is the one corresponding to formula (Ia) described above, in which: R and R’ both independently represent a hydrophobic group, X and X’ each represent a group L”, n and p are integers that are between 1 and 1000 inclusive, and L, L’, L”, P, P’, Y and m have the meanings given above. Another preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is the one corresponding to formula (Ia) above in which: n = p = 0 (the polymers do not include any units derived from a monomer containing an amine function, incorporated into the polymer during the polycondensation), the protonated amine functions result from the hydrolysis of excess isocyanate func- tions, at the chain end, followed by alkylation of the primary amine functions formed with alkylating agents containing a hydrophobic group, i.e. compounds of the type RQ or R'Q, in which R and R' are as defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide or a sulfate, etc. Yet another preferred family of cationic associative polyurethanes is the one corre- sponding to formula (Ia) above in which: R and R’ both independently represent a hydrophobic group, X and X’ both independently represent a group including a quaternary amine, n = p = 0, and L, L’, Y and m have the meaning indicated above. The number-average molecular mass (Mn) of the cationic associative polyurethanes is preferably between 400 and 500000 inclusive, in particular between 1000 and 400000 inclusive and ideally between 1000 and 300000 inclusive. Preferentially, the hydrocarbon-based group originates from a monofunctional com- pound. By way of example, the hydrophobic group may be derived from a fatty alcohol such as stearyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol or decyl alcohol. It may also denote a hydrocarbon- based polymer, for instance polybutadiene. When X and/or X' denote(s) a group including a tertiary or quaternary amine, X and/or X' may represent one of the following formulae:

in which: R₂ represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally including a saturated or unsaturated ring, or an arylene radical, it being pos- sible for one or more of the carbon atoms to be replaced with a heteroatom chosen from N, S, O and P; R₁ and R₃, which are identical or different, denote a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl radical or an aryl radical, it being possible for at least one of the carbon atoms to be replaced with a heteroatom chosen from N, S, O and P; A- is a physiologically acceptable anionic counterion, such as a halide, for instance a chloride or bromide, or a mesylate. L’’ represent a group of formula:

O O in which: Z represents -O-, -S- or -NH-; and R₄ represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally including a saturated or unsaturated ring, or an arylene radical, it being pos- sible for one or more of the carbon atoms to be replaced with a heteroatom chosen from N, S, O and P. The groups P and P’ comprising an amine function may represent at least one of the following formulae:

in which: R₅ and R₇ have the same meanings as R₂ defined above; R₆, R₈ and R₉ have the same meanings as R₁ and R₃ defined above; R₁₀ represents a linear or branched, optionally unsaturated alkylene group which may contain one or more heteroatoms chosen from N, O, S and P; and A- is a physiologically acceptable anionic counterion, such as a halide, for instance chloride or bromide, or mesylate. As regards the meaning of Y, the term “hydrophilic group” means a polymeric or non- polymeric water-soluble group. By way of example, when it is not a polymer, mention may be made of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. When it is a hydrophilic polymer, mention may be made, for example, of polyethers, sulfonated polyesters and sulfonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. The hydrophilic compound is preferentially a polyether and particularly a poly(ethylene ox- ide) or poly(propylene oxide). The cationic associative polyurethanes of formula (Ia) according to the invention are formed from diisocyanates and from various compounds bearing functions containing labile hydrogen. The functions containing labile hydrogen may be alcohol, primary or secondary amine or thiol functions, giving, after reaction with the diisocyanate func- tions, polyurethanes, polyureas and polythioureas, respectively. In the present inven- tion, the term “polyurethanes” encompasses these three types of polymer, namely pol- yurethanes per se, polyureas and polythioureas, and also copolymers thereof. A first type of compound involved in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) is a compound including at least one unit bearing an amine function. This compound may be multifunctional, but the compound is preferentially difunctional, that is to say that, according to a preferential embodiment, this compound includes two labile hydro- gen atoms borne, for example, by a hydroxyl, primary amine, secondary amine or thiol function. A mixture of multifunctional and difunctional compounds in which the per- centage of multifunctional compounds is low may also be used. As mentioned above, this compound may include more than one unit containing an amine function. In this case, it is a polymer bearing a repetition of the unit containing an amine function. Compounds of this type may be represented by one of the following formulae: HZ-(P)_n-ZH or HZ-(P’)_p-ZH, in which Z, P, P’, n and p are as defined above. Examples that may be mentioned include N-methyldiethanolamine, N-tert-butyldieth- anolamine and N-sulfoethyldiethanolamine. The second compound involved in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) is a diisocyanate corresponding to the formula: O=C=N-R₄-N=C=O in which R₄ is as defined above. By way of example, mention may be made of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, meth- ylenecyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, naph- thalene diisocyanate, butane diisocyanate and hexane diisocyanate. A third compound involved in the preparation of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) is a hydrophobic compound intended to form the hydrophobic end groups of the polymer of formula (Ia). This compound is constituted of a hydrophobic group and a function containing labile hydrogen, for example a hydroxyl, primary or secondary amine, or thiol function. By way of example, this compound may be a fatty alcohol such as stearyl alcohol, do- decyl alcohol or decyl alcohol. When this compound includes a polymeric chain, it may be, for example, α-hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene. The hydrophobic group of the polyurethane of formula (Ia) may also result from the quaternization reaction of the tertiary amine of the compound including at least one tertiary amine unit. Thus, the hydrophobic group is introduced via the quaternizing agent. This quaternizing agent is a compound of the type RQ or R'Q, in which R and R' are as defined above and Q denotes a leaving group such as a halide, a sulfate, etc. The cationic associative polyurethane may also comprise a hydrophilic block. This block is provided by a fourth type of compound involved in the preparation of the polymer. This compound may be multifunctional. It is preferably difunctional. It is also possible to have a mixture in which the percentage of multifunctional compound is low. The functions containing labile hydrogen are alcohol, primary or secondary amine or thiol functions. This compound may be a polymer terminated at the chain ends with one of these functions containing labile hydrogen. By way of example, when it is not a polymer, mention may be made of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and propylene glycol. When it is a hydrophilic polymer, mention may be made, for example, of polyethers, sulfonated polyesters and sulfonated polyamides, or a mixture of these polymers. The hydrophilic compound is preferentially a polyether and particularly a poly(ethylene ox- ide) or poly(propylene oxide). The hydrophilic group termed Y in formula (Ia) is optional. Specifically, the units con- taining a quaternary or protonated amine function may be sufficient to provide the sol- ubility or water-dispersibility required for this type of polymer in an aqueous solution. Although the presence of a hydrophilic group Y is optional, cationic associative polyu- rethanes including such a group are, however, preferred. - (B’) quaternized cellulose derivatives, and in particular: - i) quaternized celluloses modified with groups including at least one fatty chain, such as linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched arylalkyl or linear or branched alkylaryl groups including at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; - ii) quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups including at least one fatty chain, such as linear or branched alkyl, linear or branched arylalkyl or linear or branched alkylaryl groups including at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof; - iii) the hydroxyethylcelluloses of formula (Ib):

in which: - R and R’, which are identical or different, represent an ammonium group -R_aR_bR_cN⁺ Q- in which R_a, R_b and R_c, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀, preferentially C₁-C₂₀, alkyl group, such as methyl or dodecyl; and Q- represents an anionic counterion, such as a halide, for instance a chloride or bromide; and n, x and y, which are identical or different, represent an integer between 1 and 10000. The alkyl radicals borne by the above quaternized celluloses i) or hydroxyethylcellu- loses ii) preferably include from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The aryl radicals preferably de- note phenyl, benzyl, naphthyl or anthryl groups. Mention may also be made, as examples of quaternized alkylhydroxyethylcelluloses bearing C₈ to C₃₀ fatty chains, of the product Quatrisoft LM 200® sold by the company Amerchol/Dow Chemical (INCI name: Polyquaternium-24) and the products Crodacel QM® (INCI name: PG-Hydroxyethylcellulose cocodimonium chloride), Crodacel QL® (C₁₂ alkyl) (INCI name: PG-Hydroxyethylcellulose lauryldimonium chloride) and Crodacel QS® (C₁₈ alkyl) (INCI name: PG-Hydroxyethylcellulose stearyldimonium chlo- ride) sold by the company Croda. Mention may also be made of the hydroxyethylcelluloses of formula (Ib) in which R represents a trimethylammonium halide and R’ represents a dimethyldodecylammo- nium halide; more preferentially, R represents trimethylammonium chloride - (CH₃)₃N⁺Cl- and R’ represents dimethyldodecylammonium chloride -(CH₃)₂(C₁₂H₂₅)N⁺Cl- . This type of polymer is known under the trade name Softcat Polymer SL®, such as SL- 100, SL-60, SL-30 and SL-5, from the company Amerchol/Dow Chemical, having the INCI name Polyquaternium-67. More particularly, the polymers of formula (Ib) are those for which the viscosity is be- tween 2000 and 3000 cPs inclusive. Preferentially, the viscosity is between 2700 and 2800 cPs inclusive. Typically, Softcat Polymer SL-5 has a viscosity of 2500 cPs, Softcat Polymer SL-30 has a viscosity of 2700 cPs, Softcat Polymer SL-60 has a viscosity of 2700 cPs and Softcat Polymer SL-100 has a viscosity of 2800 cPs. - (C’) cationic polyvinyllactams, particularly those comprising: - a) at least one monomer of vinyllactam or alkylvinyllactam type; - b) at least one monomer of structure (Ic) or (IIc) below:

in which: X denotes an oxygen atom or an NR6 radical, R₁ and R₆ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl radical, R₂ denotes a linear or branched C₁-C₄ alkyl radical, - R₃, R₄ and R₅ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical or a radical of formula (IIIc): in which: Y, Y₁ and Y₂ denote, independently of each other, a linear or branched C₂-C₁₆ alkylene radical, R₇ denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₄ alkyl radical or a linear or branched

radical, R₈ denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical, p, q and r denote, independently of each other, either the value zero or the value 1, m and n denote, independently of each other, an integer ranging from 0 to 100 inclusive, x denotes an integer ranging from 1 to 100 inclusive, Z denotes an anionic counterion of an organic or mineral acid, such as a halide, for instance chloride or bromide, or mesylate; with the proviso that: - at least one of the substituents R₃, R₄, R₅ or R₈ denotes a linear or branched C₉-C₃₀ alkyl radical, - if m or n is other than zero, then q is equal to 1, - if m or n is equal to zero, then p or q is equal to 0. The cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to the invention may be crosslinked or non-crosslinked and may also be block polymers. Preferably, the counterion Z- of the monomers of formula (Ic) is chosen from halide ions, phosphate ions, the methosulfate ion and the tosylate ion. Preferably, R₃, R₄ and R₅ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₃₀ alkyl radical. More preferentially, the monomer b) is a monomer of formula (Ic) for which, preferen- tially, m and n are equal to 0. The vinyllactam or alkylvinyllactam monomer is preferably a compound of structure (IVc):

in s an 3 to 6; R₉ denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl radical and R₁₀ denotes a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl radical, with the proviso that one at least of the radicals R₉ and R₁₀ denotes a hydrogen atom. Even more preferentially, the monomer (IVc) is vinylpyrrolidone. The cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to the invention may also contain one or more additional monomers, preferably cationic or nonionic monomers. As compounds that are particularly preferred, mention may be made of the following terpolymers comprising at least: a) one monomer of formula (IVc), b) one monomer of formula (Ic) in which p=1, q = 0, R₃ and R₄ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₅ alkyl radical and R₅ denotes a linear or branched C₉-C₂₄ alkyl radical, and c) one monomer of formula (IIc) in which R₃ and R₄ denote, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C₁-C₅ alkyl radical. Even more preferentially, use will be made of terpolymers comprising, by weight: 40% to 95% of monomer (a), 0.1% to 55% of monomer (c), and 0.25% to 50% of monomer (b). Such polymers are particularly described in patent application WO-00/68282. As cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers according to the invention, use is in particular made of: - vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/dodecyldimethylmethac- rylamidopropylammonium tosylate terpolymers, - vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/cocoyldimethylmethacrylami- dopropylammonium tosylate terpolymers, - vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/lauryldimethylmethacrylami- dopropylammonium tosylate or chloride terpolymers. The vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/lauryldimethylme- thylacrylamidopropylammonium chloride terpolymer is particularly sold by the company ISP under the names Styleze W10® and Styleze W20L® (INCI name: Polyquaternium- 55). The weight-average molecular mass (Mw) of the cationic poly(vinyllactam) polymers is preferably between 500 and 20000000, more particularly between 200000 and 2000000 and preferentially between 400000 and 800000. - (D’) the cationic polymers obtained by polymerization of a mixture of monomers com- prising one or more vinyl monomers substituted with one or more amino groups, one or more hydrophobic nonionic vinyl monomers and one or more associative vinyl mono- mers, such as described in patent application WO 2004/024779. Among these polymers, mention will more particularly be made of the products from the polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising: - a di(C₁-C₄ alkyl)amino(C₁-C₆ alkyl) methacrylate, - one or more C₁-C₃₀ alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid, - a polyethoxylated C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl methacrylate (20-25 mol of ethylene oxide units), - a 30/5 polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol allyl ether, - a hydroxy(C₂-C₆ alkyl) methacrylate, and - an ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. Such a polymer is, for example, the compound sold by the company Lubrizol under the name Carbopol Aqua CC^® and which corresponds to the INCI name Polyacrylate-1 Crosspolymer. The nonionic associative polymers are preferably chosen, alone or as a mixture, from: (1) celluloses modified with groups including at least one fatty chain, particularly C₈- C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl; preferably from: - hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups including at least one fatty chain, partic- ularly C₈-C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl, such as alkyl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl groups, or mixtures thereof, and in which the alkyl groups are preferably C₈-C₂₂, for instance the cetylhydroxyethylcellulose sold particularly under the reference Natrosol Plus Grade 330 CS (C₁₆ alkyls) sold by the company Ashland, or the product Polysurf 67CS sold by the company Ashland, - hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with polyalkylene glycol alkylphenol ether groups, such as the product Amercell Polymer HM-1500 (polyethylene glycol (15) nonylphenol ether) sold by the company Amerchol, - and mixtures thereof. (2) hydroxypropyl guars modified with groups including at least one fatty chain, partic- ularly C₈-C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl, such as the product Esaflor HM 22 (C₂₂ alkyl chain) sold by the company Lamberti, and the products RE210-18 (C₁₄ alkyl chain) and RE205-1 (C₂₀ alkyl chain) sold by the company Rhodia. (3) copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and of fatty-chain hydrophobic monomers, particu- larly C₈-C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl. Examples that may be mentioned include: - the vinylpyrrolidone/hexadecene copolymer and particularly the products Antaron V216 or Ganex V216 sold by the company ISP; - the vinylpyrrolidone/eicosene copolymer and particularly the products Antaron V220 or Ganex V220 sold by the company ISP. (4) copolymers of C₁-C₆ alkyl methacrylates or acrylates and of amphiphilic monomers including at least one fatty chain, particularly C₈-C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl, for instance the oxyethylenated methyl acrylate/stearyl acrylate copolymer sold by the company Goldschmidt under the name Antil 208. (5) copolymers of hydrophilic methacrylates or acrylates and of hydrophobic monomers including at least one fatty chain, particularly C₈-C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl, for instance the polyethylene glycol methacrylate/lauryl methacrylate copolymer. (6) polyurethane polyethers including in their chain both hydrophilic blocks usually of polyoxyethylenated nature and hydrophobic blocks, which may be aliphatic sequences alone and/or cycloaliphatic and/or aromatic sequences. (7) polymers comprising an aminoplast ether backbone having at least one fatty chain, particularly C₈-C₃₂ and better still C₁₄-C₂₈ alkyl, such as the Pure Thix compounds sold by the company Süd-Chemie. Preferably, the polyurethane polyethers include at least two hydrocarbon-based lipo- philic chains having from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by a hydrophilic block, it being possible for the hydrocarbon-based chains to be pendent chains or chains at the end of the hydrophilic block. In particular, it is possible for one or more pendent chains to be envisaged. In addition, the polymer may include a hydrocarbon-based chain at one end or at both ends of a hydrophilic block. The polyurethane polyethers may be multiblock, in particular in triblock form. The hy- drophobic blocks may be at each end of the chain (for example: triblock copolymer bearing a hydrophilic central block) or distributed both at the ends and in the chain (for example, multiblock copolymer). These same polymers may also be graft polymers or star polymers. The fatty-chain nonionic polyurethane polyethers may be triblock copolymers, the hy- drophilic block of which is a polyoxyethylenated chain including from 50 to 1000 oxy- ethylene groups. The nonionic polyurethane polyethers comprise a urethane bond be- tween the hydrophilic blocks, giving rise to their name. By extension, also included among the fatty-chain nonionic polyurethane polyethers are those in which the hydrophilic blocks are linked to the lipophilic blocks via other chemical bonds. As examples of fatty-chain nonionic polyurethane polyethers that may be used in the invention, use may also be made of Rheolate 205® containing a urea function, sold by the company Rheox, or Rheolate® 208, 204 or 212, and also Acrysol RM 184®. Mention may also be made of the product Elfacos T210® containing a C12-C14 alkyl chain, and the product Elfacos T212® containing a C18 alkyl chain, from Akzo. Use may also be made of the product DW 1206B® from Rohm & Haas containing a C20 alkyl chain and containing a urethane bond, provided at a solids content of 20% in water. Use may also be made of solutions or dispersions of these polymers, particularly in water or in an aqueous/alcoholic medium. Mention may be made, as examples of such polymers, of Rheolate® 255, Rheolate® 278 and Rheolate® 244, sold by the company Rheox. Use may also be made of the products DW 1206F and DW 1206J sold by the company Rohm & Haas. The polyurethane polyethers that may be used according to the invention are in partic- ular those described in the article by G. Fonnum, J. Bakke and Fk. Hansen - Colloid Polym. Sci. 271, 380.389 (1993). Even more particularly, preference is given to using a polyurethane polyether that may be obtained by polycondensation of at least three compounds comprising (i) at least one polyethylene glycol comprising from 150 to 180 mol of ethylene oxide, (ii) stearyl alcohol or decyl alcohol and (iii) at least one diisocyanate. Such polyether polyurethanes are sold in particular by the company Rohm & Haas un- der the names Aculyn 46® and Aculyn 44® [Aculyn 46® is a polycondensate of polyeth- ylene glycol having 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, of stearyl alcohol and of meth- ylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI), at 15% by weight in a matrix of maltodextrin (4%) and water (81%); Aculyn 44® is a polycondensate of polyethylene glycol having 150 or 180 mol of ethylene oxide, of decyl alcohol and of methylenebis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (SMDI), at 35% by weight in a mixture of propylene glycol (39%) and water (26%)]. Preferably, the composition according to the invention comprises one or more nonionic associative polymers, preferentially chosen from polyurethane polyethers, and/or one or more cationic associative polymers, preferably chosen from quaternized cellulose derivatives, and in particular celluloses, including quaternized hydroxyethylcelluloses modified with groups including at least one fatty chain, such as linear or branched alkyl groups, linear or branched arylalkyl groups, linear or branched alkylaryl groups includ- ing at least 8 carbon atoms, or mixtures thereof, and/or quaternized celluloses corre- sponding to formula (Ib) above, particularly Polyquaternium-67; preferentially one or more cationic associative polymers chosen from quaternized cellulose derivatives. Preferably, the associative polymer(s) may be present in the composition according to the invention in a total content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferentially from 0.05% to 5% by weight, more preferentially from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Preferably, the cationic associative polymer(s), chosen from quaternized cellulose de- rivatives, may be present in the composition in a total content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferentially from 0.05% to 5% by weight, more preferentially from 0.1% to 1.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Polyol The composition according to the invention may also comprise one or more polyols. For the purposes of the present invention, the term “polyol” means an organic com- pound constituted of a hydrocarbon-based chain optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms and bearing at least two free hydroxyl groups (-OH), preferably borne by different carbon atoms, it being possible for this compound to be cyclic or acyclic, linear or branched, and saturated or unsaturated. More particularly, the polyol(s) comprise from 2 to 30 hydroxyl groups, better still from 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups, preferentially from 2 to 3 hydroxyl groups. They preferably comprise from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and better still from 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Advantageously, the polyol(s) are chosen from diglycerol, glycerol, propylene glycol, propane-1,3-diol, 1,3-butylene glycol, pentane-1,2-diol, octane-1,2-diol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, sorbitol, sugars such as glucose and mixtures thereof; preferably from glycerol, propylene glycol, propane-1,3- diol, 1,3-butylene glycol, pentane-1,2-diol, octane-1,2-diol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof; and even better still from glycerol, propylene glycol, propane-1,3-diol, sorbitol and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the polyol(s) may be present in the composition in a total content ranging from 0.01% to 45% by weight, better still ranging from 0.1% to 12% by weight, even better still ranging from 0.2% to 6% by weight, and preferentially ranging from 0.3% to 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Thickeners The composition according to the invention may comprise one or more thickeners, par- ticularly aqueous-phase thickeners (or hydrophilic thickeners). The terms “thickener” or “aqueous-phase thickener” means a compound which in- creases the viscosity of the aqueous phase into which it is introduced at a concentra- tion of 0.05% by weight by at least 20 cPs (20 mPa.s), preferably by at least 50 cPs (50 mPa.s), the viscosity being measured at 25°C, 1 atm, at a shear rate of 1s^-1 (the vis- cosity can be measured using a cone/plate viscometer, a Haake R600 rheometer or the like). The thickener is other than the surfactants, polymers, silicones, fatty substances and polyols described above. In particular, the thickener is other than the associative poly- mers and the cationic polymers particularly as described above. The thickener may advantageously be chosen from non-associative thickening poly- mers bearing sugar units, non-associative thickening polymers without sugar units, and mixtures thereof. Better still, the thickener may advantageously be chosen from ani- onic, nonionic or amphoteric non-associative thickening polymers bearing sugar units; anionic, nonionic or amphoteric non-associative thickening polymers without sugar units, and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "sugar unit” means an oxygen- comprising hydrocarbon-based compound which has several alcohol functions, with or without aldehyde or ketone functions, and which includes at least 4 carbon atoms. The sugar units can be optionally modified by substitution, and/or by oxidation and/or by dehydration. The sugar units that may be included in the composition of the aqueous-phase thick- ening polymers of the invention are preferably derived from the following sugars: glu- cose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, xylose, fucose, anhydrogalactose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, mannuronic acid, galactose sulfate, anhydrogalac- tose sulfate and fructose. Mention may particularly be made, as non-associative thickening polymers bearing sugar units, of native gums, such as: a) tree or shrub exudates, such as: - gum arabic (branched polymer of galactose, arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid); - ghatti gum (polymer derived from arabinose, galactose, mannose, xylose and glucu- ronic acid); - karaya gum (polymer derived from galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and glucu- ronic acid); - gum tragacanth (polymer of galacturonic acid, galactose, fucose, xylose and arabi- nose); b) gums derived from algae, such as: - agar (polymer derived from galactose and anhydrogalactose); - alginates (polymers of mannuronic acid and of glucuronic acid); - carrageenans and furcellerans (polymers of galactose sulfate and of anhydrogalac- tose sulfate); c) gums derived from seeds or tubers, such as: - guar gum (polymer of mannose and galactose); - locust bean gum (polymer of mannose and galactose); - fenugreek gum (polymer of mannose and galactose); - tamarind gum (polymer of galactose, xylose and glucose); - konjac gum (polymer of glucose and mannose); d) microbial gums, such as: - xanthan gum (polymer of glucose, mannose acetate, mannose/pyruvic acid and glu- curonic acid); - gellan gum (polymer of partially acylated glucose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid); - scleroglucan gum (glucose polymer); e) plant extracts, such as: - cellulose (glucose polymer); - starch (glucose polymer) and - inulin. These polymers may be physically or chemically modified. As physical treatment, mention may be made of temperature. As chemical treatment, mention may be made of esterification, etherification, ami- dation and oxidation reactions. These treatments make it possible to produce polymers that may particularly be nonionic, anionic or amphoteric. Preferably, these chemical or physical treatments are applied to guar gums, locust bean gums, starches and celluloses. The nonionic guar gums that may be used according to the invention may be modified with C₁-C₆ (poly)hydroxyalkyl groups. Among the C₁-C₆ (poly)hydroxyalkyl groups, mention may be made, by way of example, of hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxybutyl groups. These guar gums are well known from the prior art and may be prepared, for example, by reacting corresponding alkene oxides, for instance propylene oxides, with the guar gum so as to obtain a guar gum modified with hydroxypropyl groups. The degree of hydroxyalkylation preferably ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 and corresponds to the number of alkylene oxide molecules consumed by the number of free hydroxyl func- tions present on the guar gum. Such nonionic guar gums optionally modified with hydroxyalkyl groups are sold, for ex- ample, under the trade names Jaguar HP8, Jaguar HP60 and Jaguar HP120 by the com- pany Rhodia Chimie. The botanical origin of the starch molecules that may be used in the present invention may be cereals or tubers. Thus, the starches are chosen, for example, from corn starch, rice starch, cassava starch, barley starch, potato starch, wheat starch, sorghum starch and pea starch. The starches may be chemically or physically modified, particularly by one or more of the following reactions: pregelatinization, oxidation, crosslinking, esterification, etheri- fication, amidation, heat treatments. Distarch phosphates or compounds rich in distarch phosphate will preferentially be used, for instance the product sold under the references Prejel VA-70-T AGGL (gelati- nized hydroxypropyl cassava distarch phosphate), Prejel TK1 (gelatinized cassava dis- tarch phosphate) or Prejel 200 (gelatinized acetylated cassava distarch phosphate) by the company Avebe, or Structure Zea from National Starch (gelatinized maize distarch phosphate). According to the invention, amphoteric starches may also be used, these amphoteric starches comprising one or more anionic groups and one or more cationic groups. The anionic and cationic groups can be bonded to the same reactive site of the starch mol- ecule or to different reactive sites; they are preferably bonded to the same reactive site. The anionic groups may be of carboxylic, phosphate or sulfate type, preferably carbox- ylic type. The cationic groups may be of primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary amine type. The starch molecules may be derived from any plant source of starch, particularly such as corn, potato, oat, rice, tapioca, sorghum, barley or wheat. It is also possible to use hydrolyzates of the starches mentioned above. The starch is preferably derived from potato. The non-associative thickening polymers of the invention may be cellulose-based pol- ymers not comprising a C₁₀-C₃₀ fatty chain in their structure. According to the invention, the term "cellulose" polymer means any polysaccharide compound having, in its structure, sequences of glucose residues joined via β-1,4 bonds; in addition to unsubstituted celluloses, the cellulose derivatives other than the polymers described above can be anionic, amphoteric or nonionic. Thus, the cellulose-based polymers that may be used according to the invention may be chosen from unsubstituted celluloses, including those in a microcrystalline form, and cellulose ethers. Among these cellulose-based polymers, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters and cellulose ether esters are distinguished. Among the cellulose esters are inorganic esters of cellulose (cellulose nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, etc.), organic esters of cellulose (cellulose monoacetates, triacetates, am- idopropionates, acetatebutyrates, acetatepropionates or acetatetrimellitates,for exam- ple), and mixed organic/inorganic esters of cellulose, such as cellulose acetatebutyrate sulfates and cellulose acetatepropionate sulfates. Among the cellulose ester ethers, mention may be made of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalates and ethylcellulose sulfates. Among the nonionic cellulose ethers not bearing a C₁₀-C₃₀ fatty chain, i.e. “non-associ- ative” cellulose ethers, mention may be made of (C₁-C₄)alkylcelluloses, such as methyl- celluloses and ethylcelluloses (for example, Ethocel standard 100 Premium from Dow Chemical); (poly)hydroxy(C₁-C₄)alkylcelluloses, such as hydroxymethylcelluloses, hy- droxyethylcelluloses (for example, Natrosol 250 HHR provided by Aqualon) and hydrox- ypropylcelluloses (for example, Klucel EF from Aqualon); mixed (poly)hydroxy(C₁-C₄)al- kyl(C₁-C₄)alkylcelluloses, such as hydroxypropylmethylcelluloses (for example, Metho- cel E4M from Dow Chemical), hydroxyethylmethylcelluloses, hydroxyethylethylcellu- loses (for example, Bermocoll E 481 FQ from Akzo Nobel) and hydroxybutylmethylcellu- loses. Among the anionic cellulose ethers without a fatty chain, mention may be made of (poly)carboxy(C₁-C₄)alkylcelluloses and salts thereof. Mention may be made, by way of example, of carboxymethylcelluloses, carboxymethylmethylcelluloses (for example Bla- nose 7M from the company Aqualon) and carboxymethylhydroxyethylcelluloses, and the sodium salts thereof. Among the non-associative thickening polymers not bearing sugar units that may be used according to the invention, mention may be made of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid homopolymers or copolymers, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homo- polymers and the acrylamide copolymers thereof, alone or as mixtures, it being possible for said polymers to be crosslinked or uncrosslinked. A first family of non-associative thickening polymers that is suitable for use is repre- sented by acrylic acid homopolymers, preferably crosslinked. Among the homopolymers of this type, mention may be made of those crosslinked with an allyl alcohol ether of the sugar series, for instance the products sold under the names Carbopol 980, 981, 954, 2984 and 5984 by Noveon or the products sold under the names Synthalen M and Synthalen K by 3 VSA. These polymers have the INCI name Carbomer. The non-associative thickening polymers may also be crosslinked (meth)acrylic acid copolymers, such as the polymer sold under the name Aqua SF1 by the company Noveon. The non-associative thickening polymers may also be chosen from crosslinked 2- acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymers and the crosslinked acryla- mide copolymers thereof. Among the partially or totally neutralized crosslinked copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid and of acrylamide, mention may be made in particular of the product described in Example 1 of document EP 503 853, and reference may be made to said document as regards these polymers. Preferably, the thickener(s) may be chosen from polymers not comprising sugar units, in particular from crosslinked or uncrosslinked non-associative thickening polymers bearing acrylic or methacrylic units; in particular from acrylic or methacrylic acid ho- mopolymers or copolymers, preferentially from crosslinked acrylic or methacrylic acid homopolymers or copolymers, alone or as mixtures; even better still from crosslinked acrylic acid homopolymers, particularly crosslinked by a pentaerythrityl allyl ether, a sucrose allyl ether or a propylene allyl ether. Preferably, the thickener(s) may be present in the composition in a total content ranging from 0.01% to 10% by weight, better still ranging from 0.02% to 4% by weight, even better still ranging from 0.05% to 2% by weight, and preferentially ranging from 0.1% to 1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Other ingredients The composition according to the invention advantageously comprises water, which may be present in a proportion of from 65% to 98% by weight, better still from 70% to 97% by weight and preferably from 75% to 95% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. The composition according to the invention may also comprise, furthermore, one or more water-miscible organic solvents other than the polyols described previously, par- ticularly chosen from non-aromatic C1-C6 alcohols such as ethanol and/or isopropanol, aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol and/or phenylethyl alcohol; and mixtures thereof. When they are present, said organic solvent(s) generally represent from 0.1% to 15% by weight and preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight and better still from 1% to 5% by weight, of the total weight of the hair care composition. The composition according to the invention may also optionally comprise one or more additives customarily used in the field, particularly chosen from antidandruff agents, anti-seborrhoea agents, vitamins and provitamins including panthenol, sunscreens, se- questrants, plasticizers, solubilizers, acidifying agents, opacifiers or pearlescent agents, antioxidants, hydroxy acids, fragrances, preserving agents, dyes and fillers. Needless to say, those skilled in the art will take care to choose this or these additives such that the advantageous properties intrinsically associated with the composition of the invention are not, or are not substantially, adversely affected by the envisaged ad- dition(s). The above additives may generally be present in an amount, for each of them, of between 0 and 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. According to one embodiment of the invention, the composition further comprises; - one or more silicones other than the silicones of formula (I), preferably chosen from non-amino, liquid and nonvolatile silicones; and/or - one or more non-silicone fatty substances, preferably chosen from solid fatty sub- stances, liquid fatty substances, and mixtures thereof; and/or - one or more associative polymers, and/or - one or more polyols; and/or - one or more thickeners. The cosmetic haircare composition according to the invention may advantageously be considered as a “fragrancing composition”, in other words a composition which, after application to the hair, leaves a fragrance or an odour at least temporarily. A perfume is the result of a combination of different fragrance substances each provid- ing a specific diffusive odour or else “note” and evaporating respectively over different periods. More precisely, each perfume has what is known as a “top note”, which is the odour that diffuses first when the perfume is applied or when the receptacle containing it is opened, a “heart or middle note”, which corresponds to the full fragrance (given off for a few hours after the “top note”), and a “base note”, which is the most lasting odour (given off for several hours after the “heart note”). The lastingness of the base note corresponds to the persistence of the perfume. Another subject of the invention is a cosmetic hair treatment process, comprising a step of applying the composition described previously to the hair. This cosmetic hair treatment method is more particularly a hair care method, particu- larly a method for cleansing and/or conditioning the hair. The composition according to the invention may be applied to wet hair or dry hair, pref- erably to wet hair. The application step may be followed by a leave-on time of the composition that may range from 1 to 15 minutes, preferably from 2 to 10 minutes. The application step according to the invention may be followed, after the possible leave-on time, by a step of rinsing the composition, for example with water. Preferably, the application step is followed by a rinsing step. The application step according to the invention may be followed, after a possible leave- on time and/or an optional rinsing step, with a step of drying, for example using a hair- dryer. The hair may also be left to dry, particularly left to dry naturally. The application step according to the invention may also be followed by a step of wash- ing the hair, for example with a shampoo; this is the case particularly when the hair composition according to the invention is used as a pre-shampooing product. The application step according to the invention may be preceded by a step of washing the hair, for example with a shampoo; this is the case particularly when the hair com- position according to the invention is used as a conditioner or hair mask. Methods for determining the amine number, the weight-average molecular mass and the viscosity A/ Amine number The amine number (or amine content) may be determined as described thereafter, based on a ASTM standard, for example “Determination of Amine content (tertiary amine) of Amino alkyl silanes and siloxane fluids”. The amine number may be determined by acid-base titration and defined as the amount (in milliequivalents or meq) of perchloric acid needed to neutralize 1 g of amine in the sample. Procedure: - weigh 10 g of sample into a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask - add 50 ml of toluene, mix until the sample has dissolved, then add 125 ml of acetic acid - while stirring, add 5 drops of crystal violet indicator (at 0.5% by weight/volume in the acetic acid, i.e. 0.5 g of crystal violet in 100 ml of acetic acid) - titrate with 0.1 N perchloric acid HClO₄ (in the acetic acid) until the green colour dis-

note that the colour changes occur in the following order: ➔ blue ➔ green ➔ yellow This thus gives the amount of perchloric acid needed to neutralize the 10 g of sample. The amine number (AN) is calculated as follows: Amine number (meq/g) = [(ml HClO₄) x (N HClO₄)] / weight of sample (g) In the present case (with N = 0.1 N and sample weight = 10 g), this gives the following simplified equation: AN (meq/g) = [(ml HClO₄) x 0.1] / 10 = (ml HClO₄) / 100. B/ Weight-average molecular mass (Mw) The weight-average molecular mass may be determined by any known method, partic- ularly by dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography or NMR. It is gener- ally expressed in daltons. Preferably, the weight-average molecular masses of the aminosilicones of formula (I) are measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at room temperature, as poly- styrene equivalents. The column used are µ styragel columns. The eluent is THF and the flow rate is 1 mL/minute.200µL of a solution containing 0,5% by weight of silicone in THF are injected. Detection is performed by refractometry and UV-metry. An alternative method can be used to determine the weight-average molecular masses of these aminosilicones: 1. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine an average general structure and ; 2. Calculating the number average molecular weight from the average general struc- ture. The average general structure can be obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on a Bruker AV III 600 Spectrometer operating at field strength of 14.1T; ¹H’s resonate at 600 MHz. A sample can be placed in a 5 mm or 10 mm NMR tube and diluted with CDCl₃ or 0.1M Cr(AcAc)₃/CDCl₃ to a final concentration of 0.05M Cr(AcAc)₃. Inverse gated decoupling pulse sequence can be used with a pulse width of 45-degrees (¹³C: delay of ≥5 s, AQ of ≥1.65 s; ²⁹Si: delay of ≥10 s, AQ of ≥1.42 s). The ¹H NMR spectrum can be acquired using a standard pulse sequence with a 30-degrees pulse width and a delay of ≥12 s. C/ Dynamic viscosity The dynamic viscosity can be determined according to the following method. Measurement conditions: 25 ± 2°C, 1 atm., relative humidity 50 ± 5% Brookfield viscometer: this is a precise torque meter which is operated at a discrete rotational speed. The torque measuring system, which consists of a calibrated beryl- lium-copper spring that connects the drive mechanism to a rotating cone, detects the resistance to rotation caused by the presence of a fluid sample between the cone and a stationary flat plate. The resistance to rotation of the cone produces torque which is proportional to the shear stress in the fluid. Size of the sample: 500 ml in a beaker. Spindles used, based on the viscosity range to be measured: Spindle no. 1: for viscosities of less than 950 mPa.s Spindle no. 2: 950-3800 mPa.s Spindle no. 3: 3800-4750 mPa.s Spindle no. 4: 4750-9500 mPa.s The viscosity measurement is started with spindle no. 1; if the viscosity is outside the range for this spindle, the next spindle will be tried, and so on until an absolute viscosity measurement is obtained. The value obtained after the spindle has been rotating for two minutes is taken as the viscosity value. The examples that follow serve to illustrate the invention without, however, being lim- iting in nature. The amounts are indicated therein, unless otherwise indicated, as weight percentages of active material (% AM) relative to the total weight of the com- position. In the following examples, the compound known as AMODIMETHICONE according to the invention is an amino silicone which corresponds to the formula:

in which R=R’=R’’= methyl and A = -CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-, with m=1,4-13, n = 400-600 and n/m = 45-300. The amine number (AN) thereof is between 0.1 and 0.16 meq/g and the weight-average molecular mass (Mw) thereof is between 35000 and 45000.

Example 1 Shampoo composition A and conditioner composition B according to the invention were prepared from the following ingredients (% AM): Table 1 Ingredients ) A P S f I P

Hair compositions are obtained which may be used as shampoos or conditioners. The shampoo provides the head of hair with bounciness and movement. The hair is cleaner until the next wash, and the head of hair is easier to style and control. The head of hair is also glossier. The conditioner provides more comfortable untangling, improved hair smoothness, a shine which lasts until the next wash, and nutrition, protection and strengthening. It does not weigh down the hair, and it offers flexibility and a feeling of really clean hair, with greater lightness, until the next wash. Relative to a commercial reference pairing (shampoo + conditioner), the use of the pairing according to the invention is found to produce an increase in the intensity of the perfume. These perfume intensity properties are observed especially on weakened hair (type SA20).

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Cosmetic hair care composition, comprising: - one or more amino silicones of formula (I):

in - R, which is identical or different, represents a methyl group, a hydroxyl radical, or an alkoxy group comprising 1 to 4 carbon atoms; - R’ represents a methyl group or a hydroxyl radical; - A is a linear or branched divalent alkylene group comprising 3 or 4 carbon atoms; the amino silicone having an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.29 meq/g and a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) ranging from 10000 to 100000; and - from 0.01% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of one or more fragrance substances. 2. Composition according to Claim 1, in which the amino silicones is of formula (I) in which: - R, which is identical or different, represents a methyl group and/or a hydroxyl radical; better still, the two radicals R are identical and represent a methyl group or a hydroxyl radical, even better still a methyl radical; and/or - R’ represents a methyl group; and/or - A is a linear divalent alkylene group comprising 3 or 4 carbon atoms; better still, a linear group comprising 3 carbon atoms (-CH₂CH₂CH₂-). 3. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the amino silicone of formula (I) has an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.25 meq/g, better still ranging from 0.1 to 0.19 meq/g, even better still ranging from 0.1 to 0.16 meq/g. 4. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the amino silicone of formula (I) has a weight-average molecular mass (Mw) ranging from 20000 to 70000, better still from 25000 to 50000, even better still from 35000 to 45000. 5. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the amino silicone is of formula (I), in which m is between 1.4 and 13, better still between 1.4 and 9, even better still between 1.5 and 5; and the n/m ratio is between 45 and 330, better still between 100 and 300; and n is advantageously between 400 and 600. 6. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more sili- cone amines of formula (I):

in which: - R, which are identical, and R', represent a methyl group, - A is a linear or branched divalent alkylene group comprising 3 or 4 carbon atoms; preferably a linear divalent alkylene group comprising 3 carbon atoms (-CH₂CH₂CH₂-), the amino silicone has an amine number ranging from 0.1 to 0.19 meq/g and a weight- average molecular mass (Mw) ranging from 25000 to 50000; preferably, m is between 1.4 and 13, the n/m ratio is between 45 and 300, and n can be between 400 and 600. 7. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the amino silicone of formula (I) has a dynamic viscosity, measured at 25°C, 1 atm, ranging from 2 to 8 Pa.s (2000-8000 cps), better still from 3 to 6 Pa.s (3000-6000 cps), even better still from 3 to 5 Pa.s. 8. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the amino sili- cone(s) of formula (I) in a total content ranging from 0.001% to 10% by weight, in par- ticular from 0.002% to 5% by weight, better still from 0.005% to 3% by weight, even better still from 0.01% to 2.5% by weight, preferentially from 0.02% to 2% by weight, better still from 0.05% to 1.5% by weight and even better still from 0.1% to 1.2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 9. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fragrance sub- stance(s) are chosen from essential oils, perfumes and aromas of synthetic or natural origin, and mixtures thereof. 10. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fragrance sub- stance(s) are chosen from essential oils, and particularly those obtained from plants belonging to the following botanical families, alone or mixed: Abietaceae or Pinaceae, for example conifers; Amaryllidaceae; Anacardiaceae; Annonaceae, for example ylang- ylang; Apiaceae, for example umbellifers, in particular dill, angelica, coriander, sea fen- nel, carrot or parsley; Araceae; Aristolochiaceae; Asteraceae, for example yarrow, arte- misia, camomile, helichrysum; Betulaceae; Brassicaceae; Burseraceae, for example frankincense; Caryophyllaceae; Canellaceae; Caesalpiniaceae, for example copaifera (copaiba balsam); Chenopodiaceae; Cistaceae, for example rock rose; Cyperaceae; Dipterocarpaceae; Ericaceae, for example gaultheria (wintergreen); Euphorbiaceae; Fabaceae; Geraniaceae, for example geranium; Guttiferae; Hamamelidaceae; Hernan- diaceae; Hypericaceae, for example St-John’s wort; Iridaceae; Juglandaceae; Lami- aceae, for example thyme, oregano, bee balm, savory, basil, marjorams, mints, patch- ouli, lavenders, sages, catnip, rosemary, hyssop, lemon balm, rosemary; Lauraceae, for example ravensara, sweet bay, rosewood, cinnamon, litsea; Liliaceae, for example gar- lic; Magnoliaceae, for example magnolia; Malvaceae; Meliaceae; Monimiaceae; Mora- ceae, for example hemp or hop; Myricaceae; Myristicaceae, for example nutmeg; Myr- taceae, for example eucalyptus, tea tree, paperbark tree, cajuput, backhousia, clove, myrtle; Oleaceae; Piperaceae, for example pepper; Pittosporaceae; Poaceae, for exam- ple citronella grass, lemongrass, vetiver; Polygonaceae; Ranonculaceae; Rosaceae, for example roses; Rubiaceae; Rutaceae, for example all citrus plants; Salicaceae; Santa- laceae, for example sandalwood; Saxifragaceae; Schisandraceae; Styracaceae, for ex- ample benzoin; Thymelaeaceae, for example agarwood; Tiliaceae; Valerianaceae, for example valerian, spikenard; Verbenaceae, for example lantana, verbena; Violaceae; Zingiberaceae, for example galangal, turmeric, cardamom, ginger; Zygophyllaceae; and also the essential oils extracted from flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, ylang- ylang, neroli), from stems and leaves (patchouli, geranium, petitgrain), from fruit (cori- ander, aniseed, cumin, juniper), from fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, orange), from roots (angelica, celery, cardamom, iris, sweet flag, ginger), from wood (pinewood, sandal- wood, lignum vitae, pink cedar, camphor), from herbs and grasses (tarragon, rosemary, basil, lemongrass, sage, thyme), from needles and branches (spruce, fir, pine, dwarf pine) and from resins and balms (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opopanax). 11. Composition according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the fragrance substance(s) are chosen from: geraniol, geranyl acetate, farnesol, borneol, bornyl acetate, linalool, linalyl acetate, linalyl propionate, linalyl butyrate, tetrahydrolinalool, citronellol, citron- ellyl acetate, citronellyl formate, citronellyl propionate, dihydromyrcenol, dihydromyr- cenyl acetate, tetrahydromyrcenol, terpineol, terpinyl acetate, nopol, nopyl acetate, nerol, neryl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl ac- etate, benzyl salicylate, styrallyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, amyl salicylate, dimethylben- zylcarbinol, trichloromethylphenylcarbinyl acetate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, isononyl acetate, vetiveryl acetate, vetiverol, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, 2-methyl-3-(p- tert-butylphenyl)propanal, 2-methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)propanal, 3-(p-tert-bu- tylphenyl)propanal, 2,4-dimethylcyclohex-3-enylcarboxaldehyde, tricyclodecenyl ace- tate, tricyclodecenyl propionate, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexenecarbox- aldehyde, 4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexenecarboxaldehyde, 4-acetoxy-3-pen- tyltetrahydropyran, 3-carboxymethyl-2-pentylcyclopentane, 2-n-4-heptylcyclopenta- none, 3-methyl-2-pentyl-2-cyclopentenone, menthone, carvone, tagetone, geranylacetone, n-decanal, n-dodecanal, 9-decen-1-ol, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, phe- nylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, phenylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, geranonitrile, cit- ronellonitrile, cedryl acetate, 3-isocamphylcyclohexanol, cedryl methyl ether, isolongi- folanone, aubepine nitrile, aubepine, heliotropin, coumarin, eugenol, vanillin, diphenyl ether, citral, citronellal, hydroxycitronellal, damascone, ionones, methylionones, isome- thylionones, solanone, irones, cis-3-hexenol and esters thereof, indan musks, tetralin musks, isochroman musks, macrocyclic ketones, macrolactone musks, aliphatic musks, ethylene brassylate, and mixtures thereof. 12. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the fragrance substance(s) in a total content ranging from 0.1% to 5% by weight, better still from 0.5% to 3% by weight, preferentially from 0.6% to 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. 13. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more cat- ionic surfactants, particularly chosen from, alone or as a mixture, the following com- pounds: - the compounds corresponding to the general formula (II) below: X

(II) in which: X- is an anion, particularly chosen from the group of halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonates or (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates; the groups R₁ to R₄, which may be identical or different, represent a linear or branched aliphatic group including from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as aryl or alkylaryl, at least one of the groups R₁ to R₄ denoting a linear or branched aliphatic group including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 12 to 24 carbon atoms; it being possible for the aliphatic groups to comprise heteroatoms, particularly such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens; - the quaternary ammonium salts of imidazoline, such as those of formula (III):

(III) in which R₅ represents an alkenyl or alkyl group including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, for example derived from tallow fatty acids, R₆ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group or an alkenyl or alkyl group including from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, R₇ repre- sents a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, R₈ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, X- is an anion chosen from the group of halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates, alkyl sul- fates, alkyl- or alkylaryl-sulfonates in which the alkyl and aryl groups preferably com- prise, respectively, from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and from 6 to 30 carbon atoms; - quaternary diammonium or triammonium salts, in particular of formula (IV): ++ R₁₀ R₁₂ R N - 9 (CH₂)₃ N R₁₄ 2X R₁₁ R₁₃

in which R₉ denotes an alkyl radical including from approximately 16 to 30 carbon atoms which is optionally hydroxylated and/or optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms, R₁₀ is chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radical including from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a group (R_9a)(R_10a)(R_11a)N-(CH₂)₃, with R_9a, R_10a, R_11a, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃ and R₁₄, which are iden- tical or different, being chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl radical including from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X- is an anion chosen from the group of halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates, (C₁- C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkylsulfonates and (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate; - quaternary ammonium salts containing at least one ester function, such as those of

(V) in which: R₁₅ is chosen from C₁-C₆ alkyl groups and C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl or dihydroxyalkyl groups; R₁₆ is chosen from the group R₁₉-C(O)-; groups R₂₀ which are linear or branched, satu- rated or unsaturated C₁-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based groups; a hydrogen atom; R₁₈ is chosen from the group R21-C(O)-; groups R₂₂ which are linear or branched, sat- urated or unsaturated C₁-C₆ hydrocarbon-based groups; a hydrogen atom; R₁₇, R₁₉ and R₂₁, which are identical or different, are chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₇-C₂₁ hydrocarbon-based groups; r, s and t, which are identical or different, are integers ranging from 2 to 6; y is an integer ranging from 1 to 10; x and z, which are identical or different, are integers ranging from 0 to 10; X- is a simple or complex, organic or inorganic anion; with the proviso that the sum x + y + z is from 1 to 15, that when x is 0 then R₁₆ denotes R₂₀, and that when z is 0 then R₁₈ denotes R₂₂; - the fatty amidoamines, and particularly the amidoamines of formula (VI): RCONHR’’N(R’)₂ in which: - R represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated or unsatu- rated monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing from 5 to 29 carbon atoms, preferably from 7 to 23 carbon atoms, and in particular a linear or branched C₅-C₂₉ and preferably C₇-C₂₃ alkyl radical, or a linear or branched C₅-C₂₉ and preferably C₇-C₂₃ alkenyl radical; - R’’ represents a divalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing less than 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and better still 3 carbon atoms; and - R’, which are identical or different, represent a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical containing less than 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl radical; preferably, the cationic surfactant(s) being chosen from those of formula (II) above, those of formula (V) above, those of formula (VI) above, and mixtures thereof; better still from those of formula (II) above, those of formula (VI) above, and mixtures thereof; even better still from those of formula (II) above. 14. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more nonionic surfactants, preferably chosen from, alone or as a mixture, (C₆-C₂₄ al- kyl)(poly)glycosides, and more particularly (C₈-C₁₈ alkyl)(poly)glycosides; and oxyeth- ylenated sorbitan esters, in particular those derived from C₁₂-C₂₄ saturated fatty acids and comprising 4 to 20 ethylene oxide units. 15. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more an- ionic surfactants, in particular chosen from C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl sul- fates, C₆-C₂₄ and in particular C₁₂-C₂₀ alkyl ether sulfates, preferably comprising from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units; these surfactants being more particularly in the form of alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal, ammonium or amino alcohol salts; and also mixtures thereof. 16. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, comprising one or more am- photeric surfactants, in particular chosen from (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines such as cocoylbe- taine, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines such as cocamidopropylbetaine, and mix- tures thereof. 17. Composition according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising: - one or more silicones other than the silicones of formula (I), preferably chosen from non-amino, liquid and nonvolatile silicones; and/or - one or more non-silicone fatty substances, preferably chosen from solid fatty sub- stances, liquid fatty substances, and mixtures thereof; and/or - one or more associative polymers, and/or - one or more polyols; and/or - one or more thickeners. 18. Cosmetic hair treatment process, comprising a step of applying the composition according to one of the preceding claims to the hair; it being possible for said applica- tion step to be followed by a rinsing step and/or a step of drying the hair.