WO2024068729A1 - Système de distribution de charges de phase - Google Patents

Système de distribution de charges de phase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024068729A1
WO2024068729A1 PCT/EP2023/076693 EP2023076693W WO2024068729A1 WO 2024068729 A1 WO2024068729 A1 WO 2024068729A1 EP 2023076693 W EP2023076693 W EP 2023076693W WO 2024068729 A1 WO2024068729 A1 WO 2024068729A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
electrical power
load distribution
distribution system
electricity
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Application number
PCT/EP2023/076693
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anders SPUR
Per MADSEN
Rune Petter Domsten
Robert OTREBA
Original Assignee
Watts A/S
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Watts A/S filed Critical Watts A/S
Publication of WO2024068729A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024068729A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60—Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of phase load management of an electrical grid, in particular a system for dynamic phase switching of loads within an electrical grid, such as a local power grid.
  • local electricity generators may deliver power to one phase, but the electricity consumers may be consuming on another phase forcing the users to purchase electricity even though they are generating sufficient electricity themselves. This also increases the strain on the power grid, as locally generated electricity must then be led away from the location at which it is generated to be used elsewhere.
  • a phase load distribution system for balancing the phase loads of a local power grid receiving electrical power from multiple sources, the phase load distribution system comprising: one or more phase relays arranged to redistribute electrical power delivered on at least one of two or more possible phases among the two or more possible phases; detection means for determining the amount of electrical power delivered on each of the two or more available phases; one or more detection meters for determining the amount of electricity consumed on each of two or more available phases; a master device for controlling the activation of the one or more phase relays, whereby electrical power is redistributed among the two or more possible phases by transferring at least part of the delivered electrical power from one of two or more possible phases to another of two or more possible phases.
  • phase load distribution system for balancing the phase loads of a local power grid
  • the phase load distribution system comprising one or more phase relays arranged to transfer electrical power from one of two or more possible phases to another of said two or more possible phases; detection means configured to determine the amount of electrical power delivered on each of two or more available phases; one or more detection meters for determining the amount of electrical power consumed on each of two or more available phases; and a master device for controlling the activation of the one or more phase relays, such that electrical power is transferred from one of multiple possible phases to another of said possible phases.
  • the phase load distribution system is to be installed in a local power grid where electrical power is delivered on multiple phases.
  • phase load distribution system may be used and be beneficial in any power grid with power on multiple phases, i.e. in any grid with two or more possible phases.
  • the phase load distribution system for balancing the phase loads of a local power grid will be comprising one or more phase relays arranged to transfer electrical power from three possible phases to another of said three possible phases; detection means configured to determine the amount of electrical power delivered on each of three available phases; one or more detection meters for determining the amount of electrical power consumed on each of three available phases; and a master device for controlling the activation of the one or more phase relays, such that electrical power is transferred from one of multiple possible phases to another of said possible phases.
  • the local power grid receiving electrical power from multiple sources may receive power from a regional power grid and a local power generator, from multiple local power generators and/or from electricity reservoirs.
  • the phase load distribution system is for balancing the phase loads of a local power grid receiving electrical power from a regional power grid and at least one local power generator.
  • Regional power grids typically deliver electrical power on three phases simultaneously.
  • electricity generators may be installed to generate power only on a single phase.
  • Such electricity generators may for example be solar cells or wind turbines installed in the microgrid of a single household or in a local power grid shared by a group of owners, such as a neighbourhood or an apartment building.
  • Many different electricity consumption units may be installed in a local power grid, such electricity consumption units including anything connected to consume electrical power from the local power grid, such as televisions, electrical vehicles, stovetops and washing machines.
  • Some electricity consumption units may be configured to consume electrical power on all three available phases, however, some electricity consumption units are configured to consume electrical power from a single phase; in such cases it is normally fixed on which single phase electricity is being consumed.
  • a microgrid includes electricity generators which intermittently generate electrical power on a single phase, e.g. only when the sun is shining on a solar cell, it will vary over time how much electricity is supplied to each phase and thus also on which phases it would be most efficient to have electricity consumption units installed.
  • phase load distribution system enables the dynamic adjustment of the phase load in a local power grid, i.e. it enables the change of on which phases electrical power is being consumed in a local power grid, depending on where electrical power is available.
  • phase relay in the context of the phase load distribution system is any known device which is adapted to control on which phase electrical power is being delivered, such that it can switch on which phase electrical power is being transmitted. Such a phase relay may be mechanical or electronic.
  • the electrical power being redistributed among the two or more possible phases is understood that all electrical power may be transferred from one available phase to another available phase or that part of the electrical power may be transferred from an available electrical phase to another available phase. It is possible during operation that all of the electrical power from one or more sources remain on the same phase while ethe electrical power from other sources are transferred. Electrical power is received from one of two or more possible phases, input to one or more phase relays and from each phase relay the electrical power is subsequently delivered on the two or more possible phases.
  • the master device of the phase load distribution system having a plurality of phase relays controls the switching and load distribution between two or more phases on the input side and between the same two or more phases on the output side.
  • the phase load distribution system delivers electrical power on the two or more possible phases on which electrical power is also available from the power grid.
  • the phase relays are arranged to deliver electrical power to the two or more possible phases using well known technology to allow the switch from one phase to another while avoiding short-circuiting of a pair of phases.
  • the phase relays provide switching of phases and/or supply of additional electrical power to one phase rather than the combining of two phases.
  • the phase load distribution system comprises a safety mechanism preventing the combination of phases causing a shortcircuiting of the system.
  • one or more AC-to- DC converters may be present in the phase load distribution system.
  • the master device may be configured to control the activation of the one or more AC-to- DC converters, including from which of the two or more phases electrical power is converted from AC-to-DC. This enables distribution of the phase load to electricity consumption units requiring DC power directly through the AC-to-DC converter. Thus, it is possi- ble to have fewer phase relays connected to the phase load distribution system by exchange with AC-to-DC converters controlled by the master device while maintaining distribution of the phase load.
  • the master device may receive input from the one or more detection meters to determine which of the two or more possible phases can handle additional load and thus activate an AC-to-DC converter to convert electrical power on one or more of the two or more available phases accordingly.
  • a local electricity generator e.g. solar cells in a private household
  • that microgrid will need to sell the electrical power generated on the first phase to a regional power grid while simultaneously purchasing electrical power on the other two phases.
  • the regional power grid may be configured such that it can transport the electrical power of the first phase to other microgrids where the electrical power can be consumed.
  • transport of the electrical power is inefficient due to losses in the cables, transforming and redirection.
  • fuses used within the system may have a smaller capacity while still securing the system against overloads, which in turn makes it cheaper to protect the power grid from overloading.
  • a detection means and detection meters are understood a device for monitoring current, voltage, phase, current waveforms and/or other characteristics of the current conducted through the system.
  • a detection meters and detection means comprise at least a current sensor, such as a current transducer.
  • Data detected by the detection means and detection meters provide the master device with information regarding available and consumed electricity on each of the phases and may thus be used to determine necessary adjustments in the form of switching the phase of one or more appliances connected in the phase load distribution system.
  • the presence of the detection means and detection meters enables fast and/or continuous monitoring of consumed and/or available electrical power on each connected phase and thus the need for adjustments in response to changes of the phases in rapid response to changes in the system.
  • the phase load distribution system can monitor changes in capacity. Having detection meters for determining the amount of electrical power consumed on each phase, the phase load distribution system can monitor the required capacity on each phase. If the phase load is perfectly balanced, the relation between the amount of electrical power delivered on each phase is equivalent to the relation between the electrical power consumed on each phase. While a perfect balancing may not be possible in a real power grid, monitoring of the capacity and the consumption provides the data for determining when and to what extent it is necessary to switch from which phase electricity consumption takes place or to which phase the generated electrical power is delivered.
  • the detection means provide real time information about the electrical power delivered on each of the two or more available phases.
  • the detection meters provide real time information about the electrical power consumed on each of the two or more available phases.
  • the master unit Being able to determine in real time the electrical power provided and consumed on each phase enables the optimization of the load distribution. It is essential that consumption and/or availability is known to the master unit to account for changes as they occur, e.g. when additional consumption units are connected to the local power grid and/or when a change in the amount of electrical power generated occurs, such that one or more phase relays may be activated before an excessive load occurs on a single phase of the local power grid.
  • the master device of the phase load distribution system comprises a processing unit enabling the processing of data collected by the detection means and/or detection meters to determine when the one or more phase relays must be activated.
  • the master device further has control of the phase relays such that it is centrally controlled when it is necessary to activate a phase relay to transfer the phase of the electrical power at that point.
  • the central control provided by the master device enables the load distribution to be handled for the overall local power grid and avoids that phase relays counteract each other or overcompensate.
  • Various thresholds or other conditions for the control of the phase relays may be programmed into the master device to ensure a sufficient and efficient load distribution, as will be discussed in more detail later in this disclosure.
  • the phase load distribution system further comprises a fuse box.
  • a fuse box is a generally known component in a local power grid. Transmission of electrical power from a regional grid and/or electricity generators to electricity consumption units happens via the fuse box, which contains fuses configured to safeguard the local power grid from overloading by burning a fuse and thereby disconnecting an electricity consumption unit if the load exceeds a threshold.
  • the fuse box may comprise one or more phase relays and/or detection means and/or detection meters.
  • the master device will exchange data with components in the fuse box. Arranging components of the phase load distribution system within the fuse box has the benefit of centralising the components, making exchange and/or retrofitting easier than if components must be mounted at various locations in the phase load distribution system.
  • the phase load distribution system receiving electrical power from at least one electricity generator and at least one of the phase relays being arranged to transfer to which phase electrical power is deliver from the electricity generator to the local power grid.
  • a local power generator supplies electrical power to one or more other units of the grid, e.g. to electricity consumption units or to electricity reservoirs.
  • an electricity consumption unit may be part of a local power grid and provide electrical power to that same local power grid.
  • electricity generators may be configured to deliver electrical power on only one or some of the available electrical phases.
  • a phase relay arranged to transfer on which available phase electrical power is being delivered on provides flexibility for the load distribution of the local power grid.
  • at least one phase relay of the phase load distribution system is arranged to control the phase of electrical power on the input side of a power generation rather than or in addition to on the output side of one or more electrical consumption units.
  • phase load distribution system Providing a phase relay on the input side of the local power grid provides the phase load distribution system with increased flexibility and options for phase load distribution.
  • Phase load distribution systems providing phase relays both on the input side and on the output side obtain maximal flexibility allowing for improved balancing of the phase load.
  • phase relays on the input side only and/or in combination with phase relays connected to only some of the electricity consumption units may provide a trade-off on flexibility and optimization of the phase load distribution and the simplicity and cost of the phase load distribution system.
  • the phase load distribution system receiving electrical power from at least one electricity generator and at least one of the phase relays being arranged to transfer to which phase electrical power is deliver from the electricity generator to the fuse box.
  • the phase load distribution system comprises a plurality of phase transfer units, each phase transfer unit comprising at least one of the phase relays.
  • each of the phase transfer units comprises at least one of the detection means.
  • each of the phase transfer units comprises one of the detection meters.
  • a phase transfer unit is a unit comprising a phase relay; this phase relay is under the control of the master device.
  • the unit may further comprise a detection means and/or a detection meter.
  • the phase transfer unit is a unit comprising components of the phase load distribution system to be controlled by the master device.
  • One or more phase transfer units may be mounted within the fuse box, and/or the fuse box may comprise other integrated means for transferring the phase.
  • a phase load distribution system may thus comprise both integrated phase relays located in the fuse box and central as well as external phase transfer units to accommodate various connection types.
  • One or more phase transfer units may be mounted within the electricity transmission path, i.e. along the wiring path/cable, connecting an electricity generator or electricity consumption unit in the local power grid.
  • the master device may communicate with external phase transfer units via wired communication, via wireless communication or a combination thereof, e.g. some of the data may be transferred wirelessly while other data is transferred via a wired connection. In another example some phase transfer units may transmit data wired while others have wireless communication means.
  • phase transfer unit which is configured to communicate with and be controlled by the master device, makes it easy to install additional phase transfer units within a local power grid, such that new installations may also become part of the phase load distribution system.
  • the detection means and the detection meter may be the same component.
  • the phase transfer unit if the phase transfer unit is installed in the transmission path from an electricity generator, it functions as a detection means, while if the phase transfer unit is installed after a junction in the transmission path to an electricity consumption unit, it functions as a detection meter.
  • each detection meter comprised in the phase transfer unit is a submeter, and the phase load distribution system further comprises a master detection meter.
  • a master detection meter is configured to determine the total amount of electrical power consumed in a local power grid.
  • the master detection meter may determine the sum of electrical power on all phases, or it may determine the amount of electrical power consumed on each phase separately.
  • By having submeters in the phase transfer units it becomes possible to determine how big a fraction of the total consumed power is consumed on each phase as well as from each outlet, which can be related to electricity consumption units connected to that outlet in a particular period of time.
  • Such division may assist the owner of a system in verifying the consumption as well as from which source the consumed electricity was provided. For example, this enables verification of the electricity used being generated by local electricity generators of the local power grid, rather than from the regional power grid.
  • the master device is configured to activate the one or more phase relays based on a consumption forecast.
  • a consumption forecast is understood that estimates of generation and/or consumption is based on averages of data previously collected.
  • a local power grid may comprise an electricity generator in the form of a solar cell, which generates electrical power only on a first phase. Forecasts of previous data will show that electricity is not generated by the solar cells during the night-time where there is no sunshine. Based on such forecasts, the master device may thus be configured to direct the electricity consumption of various electricity consumption units to be on the first phase during the daytime, where electricity may be generated by the solar cell, and to activate one or more phase relays to transfer some of the electrical power consumption away from the first phase during the night-time.
  • a forecast may be based on averages detected by the detection means and/or it may be based on external information such as weather forecasts and/or information regarding sunrise and sunset in the geographical location of the solar cell.
  • the consumption forecast may comprise average data detected by the one or more of the detection meters of the phase load distribution system.
  • the routines of a household may lead to expectations of increased consumption on one or more phases at regular times of the day.
  • an electrical vehicle may typically charge on a second phase during the night, while an oven may typically be turned on at some point in the time frame of 5 to 7 PM in a particular microgrid, and a hair dryer may be connected in the morning at approximately the same time.
  • the master device may be configured to make a forecast based on frequent increases or decreases of electricity consumption on specific phases occurring at specific periods of time. Based on such forecasts, the master device may be set up to activate one or more phase relays at specific types in anticipation of the change in load on the various phases.
  • the user may also be possible for the user to supply the master device with information about expected consumption at various outlets. The forecast may then take such information into account.
  • the master device is configured to activate the one or more phase relays in response to change of supply and/or consumption of electrical power within a local power grid.
  • the master device may activate the one or more phase relays to switch from which phases generated electrical power is supplied, or from which electrical phases the electrical power is consumed based on measured changes in electricity supply and/or consumption. For example, an increase in electrical power generated on a first phase within a local power grid may lead to one or more phase relays being activated, such that the one or more electricity consumption units are being provided with electrical power from the first phase instead of one of the other two phases from which they previously consumed power.
  • a new electricity consumption unit is connected to the local power grid, e.g. it is plugged in, turned on or begins charging, this will increase the load on one or more phases from which the electricity consumption unit receives electrical power.
  • This increase in load on one or more phases will be detected by a detection meter of the phase load distribution system, and this information will be supplied to the master device.
  • the master device will then determine whether it is necessary to activate one or more phase relays to alter the load distribution across the phases to compensate for the increased load on one or more of the phases.
  • the master device will be set up to balance the load distribution based on one or more criteria. While an ideal system will have equal load on all phases within the local power grid, a completely even load across all phases is unlikely to be possible due to different loads of different electricity consumption units and variations in time. Hence, the master device may have a threshold for the magnitude of the difference between the loads of each phase before a phase relay is activated to avoid continuous transfer of the phase in situations where it is not possible to obtain an even load distribution with the electricity consumption units activated within the local power grid within a specific period of time.
  • the master device will be set up to control the activation of the one or more phase relays based on the consumption forecast while simultaneously dynamically switching in response to measured changes deviating from the forecast consumption, preferably when such a deviation exceeds a predefined threshold.
  • the master device is configured to communicate with an external server such as a database or master devices of other local power grids.
  • the master device being configured to communicate with external servers, such as via an internet connection, enables receipt of external data.
  • external data may for example include weather forecasts, which may be used in making the consumption forecasts, e.g. for estimating consumption for heating, depending on the temperature forecast or estimating electricity generation based on hours of sunshine and/or windspeed.
  • the option of communicating with other master devices also enables the possibility of load balancing across larger regions. For example, it may be possible to extend the load balancing to neighbouring power grids to protect a regional power grid against overloading and or to ensure that generated electricity is transferred a minimum distance before consumption.
  • the phase load distribution system comprising one or more electricity reservoirs for storing excess electrical power in the local power grid.
  • An energy reservoir may for example be one or more batteries used for storing electrical power generated at a time when the electricity consumption in the local power grid is not high enough to consume all of the generated power.
  • Some electricity reservoirs may be configured to receive and deliver electrical power on all phases.
  • an electricity reservoir may be connected on each possible phase, making it possible to store electrical power depending on where the surplus is.
  • connection via a phase relay may still be beneficial, as this enables the emptying of the electricity reservoirs even if electricity consumption takes place on another phase than the electricity reservoir itself is configured for.
  • Electricity reservoirs may be considered arranged on either the input side or the output side of the local power grid. Electricity reservoirs may be considered as arranged both on the input side and the output side of the local power grid.
  • the phase load distribution system comprising at least one of the phase relays being arranged to transfer to which phase electrical power is deliver from one of the electricity reservoir back into the local power grid.
  • the phase load distribution system comprising one or more phase relays arranged to control the phase of electrical power delivered to the electricity reservoir from said local power grid.
  • the phase load distribution system comprising one or more phase relays arranged to control the phase of electrical power delivered to and from said electricity reservoir.
  • a component may be considered part of the local power grid while being arranged to deliver or receive electrical power from the local power grid.
  • an electricity reservoir receiving delivering electrical power back into the local power grid is understood that they make electrical power available to other component of the local power grid.
  • an electricity reservoir receive electrical power from the local power grid is understood that it receives electrical power from other units of the local power grid and/or from the regional power grid.
  • Some electricity reservoirs are store electrical power only on a single phase arranging a phase relay to transfer the phase of electrical power to and/or from the electricity reservoir allows the electricity reservoir to become a more flexible unit of the local power grid.
  • a phase relay to transfer the phase of electrical power to and/or from the electricity reservoir allows the electricity reservoir to become a more flexible unit of the local power grid.
  • local power grids comprising both at least one electricity generator and at least one electricity reservoir if they are connected to different of the two or more electrical phases there is a risk of generating electricity which cannot be used or stored locally in the local power grid but must be sold to the regional grid thereby causing increased loss and cost.
  • Some local power grids may be arranged with multiple electricity reservoirs arranged on different of the available phases, such that excess power on an arbitrary phase may be stored.
  • the distribution of the load on each phase may be different at the time where it is necessary to draw electrical power from an electricity reservoir compared to when the electrical power was stored, hence being able to transfer the phase of the electrical power delivered from the one or more electricity reservoirs increases the possibility of efficient use of locally stored electrical power.
  • the phase load distribution system comprising an electrical vehicle connection point having at least two connection pins only one connection pin being in electrical communication with a phase relay.
  • Some electrical vehicles are configured to load only on a single of the available electrical phases.
  • Such single-phase charging EVs use charging cables and connectors having pins for creating electrical communication, i.e. electrical connections, for outputs to each available electrical phase of the regional grid for the region the EV is constructed for, i.e. for the particular country of the particular EV market.
  • an EV may be constructed to compatible with a power grid having three available phases, while the EV is configured to charge only on a single of the three available phases, in such an example the EV has at least three pins for electrical communication and may have additional pins for grounding and for data communication connections.
  • EVs of the same type constructed to charge on a single phase only are all constructed by the manufacturer to charge on the same phase, e.g. the first phase.
  • all electrical vehicle connection points of a local power grid may comprise a phase relay in communication only with the single pin which single phased EVs charge from. Having a single pin connected to a phase relay rather than providing a phase relay on each pin of the EV connection points of a local power grid simplifies the construction of the EV connection points and makes the phase load distribution system cheaper as fewer components are needed.
  • phase load distribution system comprises one or more local electricity generators connected to phase relays such that load distribution may be provided on the input side and regardless of whether the EVs connected to the one or more electrical vehicle connection points of the phase load distribution system are charging on a single phase or on all available phases of the local power grid.
  • phase transfer unit for use in a phase transfer system as previously described, the phase transfer unit comprising: a phase relay arranged to transfer electrical power from one of two or more possible phases to another of said two or more possible phases; a receiver configured to receive an activation signal from a master device for activating the switching of which phase the phase relay transfers electrical power to.
  • the phase transfer unit further comprises detection means configured to determine the amount of electrical power delivered on each of two or more available phases, one or more detection meters for determining the amount of electrical power consumed on each of two or more available phases; and a transmitter for transmitting collected data to a master device.
  • the two or more phases will be three phases, however as previously mentioned, it is to be understood that the system may be used in the transfer of phase between any number of phases available in a system.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a local microgrid in which electrical power may be received, generated and consumed on various phases of the system.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the concept of distributing electrical power between the three phases of a local power grid.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the concept of switching electrical power from an electricity generator on the input side to balance the load of a local power grid.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the concept of switching electrical power from an electricity generator on the input side as well as the phase of power delivered to an electrical power consumption unit on the output side to balance the load of a local power grid.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a microgrid in which a phase load distribution system may be installed to provide phase load balancing within that microgrid.
  • the microgrid is a single private household, however it is to be understood that the phase load distribution system may be used in other microgrids.
  • the phase load distribution system may be used in local power grids, i.e. a grid comprising one or more microgrids, such as the local power grids of neighbourhoods, apartment complexes, malls or factories. Having the phase load distribution system in control of multiple microgrids increases the versatility and decreases the frequency with which it is necessary to switch the phase on which delivery or consumption of electricity needs to take place.
  • the smaller the local power grid, or when the phase load distri- bution system is configured to control a microgrid the more locally any generated electrical power may be consumed, and the smaller the loss from transfer of electrical energy.
  • electrical power is delivered from a regional power grid 15 via the illustrated fuse box 30. Electrical power is also generated locally within the microgrid by electricity generators 20 illustrated by solar cells 21 and a wind turbine 22. Microgrids comprising electricity generators 20 may further comprise a transformer 29.
  • the microgrid comprises a plurality of electricity consumption units 40.
  • electricity consumption units 40 are illustrated by electrical vehicles, but it is to be understood that electricity consumption units 40 comprise all sorts of devices which are at some point connected to the microgrid to consume electrical power.
  • Such electricity consumption units for example include semi-permanent installations such as washing machines, ovens, fridges, and heating, as well as smaller devices which may be temporarily connected at different outlets such as for example computers, hair dryers or cell phones connected only when charging their batteries.
  • a master device in the microgrid is configured to receive data on how much electrical power is delivered into the microgrid on each phase.
  • the master device may receive such data from one or more detection means in the microgrid.
  • the master device is further configured to receive data relating to on which phases electrical power is consumed in the microgrid.
  • the master device may receive such data from one or more detection meters in the microgrid.
  • the master device is configured to control one or more phase relays within the microgrid, such that the master device may activate each phase relay to switch to which of the three possible phases power is delivered.
  • the master device is configured such that while electricity is generated in the microgrid, if the consumption on one phase exceeds the generation on that same phase, one or more phase relays will be activated.
  • a phase relay may for example be activated to switch to on which phase the generated electricity is delivered, or one or more phase relays may change on which phase one or more electricity consumption units are consuming electricity.
  • thresholds may be employed to limit when and/or how frequent a phase relay is activated.
  • a threshold may limit the frequency with which any single phase relay within the phase load distribution system may be activated.
  • the phase relay may not be activated until the electricity consumption on one phase exceeds the electricity generation on that same phase by a predetermined amount.
  • a threshold is that the phase relay is activated only if the consumption of electricity on one phase exceeds the consumption of electricity on the other phases by a minimum amount.
  • thresholds By employing thresholds and limiting the activation of the phase relay it is avoided that minor fluctuations in consumption or energy generation leads to frequent changing of the phase.
  • the thresholds may also be seen as a margin which allows the approximate balancing of the grid and avoids continuous switching if the load is not perfectly balanced across the phases of the power grid. Allowing fluctuations in the balancing is in particular relevant to counter minor fluctuations in consumption and generation as well as uneven load of the active consumption units in a grid, which might make perfect balancing of the loads impossible in a specific period of time. Furthermore, due to the various electricity consumption units having specific consumption needs, it may not be possible to obtain perfect balancing of the local power grid at all times, e.g.
  • the microgrid may further comprise electricity reservoirs 45, such as batteries, which are configured to temporarily store electrical power if a surplus is generated by the local electricity generators 20.
  • the electricity reservoir 45 may be configured to be able to receive and deliver electrical power on all three phases.
  • three separate electricity reservoirs 45 may be present, each of which are configured to receive electricity only on a single predetermined phase, such that one is configured for each of the three possible phases. This may for example be done by having three separate batteries, one connected to each phase. Such a configuration makes it possible to store electrical power on either phase by supplying the electrical power to the relevant electricity reservoir 45.
  • the master device may be configured to switch on and off the supply of electrical power from those electricity reservoirs 45 in addition to controlling the phase relays and/or phase transfer units.
  • locally stored electrical power from electricity reservoirs 45 will be used before the purchasing of electrical power from the regional grid 15.
  • only electricity stored on a phase lacking capacity will be used.
  • one or more phase transfer relays may be configured to enable the transfer of electrical power from an electricity reservoir 45 to the phase on which it is needed for the supplying of electrical power to electricity consumption units 40 of the microgrid.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically how various components may be connected in a phase load distribution system.
  • Electrical power may be delivered from a regional power grid 15, passing a transformer station 16 on its way to the local power grid.
  • a detection means 110 is located in the transmission path from the regional grid to the microgrid such that the amount of electrical power delivered from the regional grid can be monitored.
  • the detection means 110 used in the transmission path from the regional power grid 15 may be provided and/or regulated by the supplier of the regional power grid such as a government supplier.
  • such a detection means 110 may be comprised in a phase transferring unit 100 .
  • each phase on which electrical power can be delivered is marked as a solid arrow.
  • a transmission path such as an electrical cable, is thus illustrated as three parallel phases. Electrical power may be directed along the path of each of those solid arrows, e.g. from an electricity generator 20 to the fuse box 30 or from the fuse box 30 to an electricity consumption unit 40.
  • the regional power grid 15 delivers electrical power on all three phases, but it may deliver electrical power to only a single phase.
  • a phase transfer unit is arranged in the electrical path between the regional power grid 15 and the fuse box 30.
  • phase transfer unit arranged in the electrical path of the regional power grid for transferring electrical power between the phases, however in embodiments wherein the phase transfer unit comprises detection means 110, it may still be beneficial for monitoring the amount of electrical power delivered to the fuse box on each of the three phases.
  • the local power grid may further comprise electricity generators 20.
  • Some electricity generators 20 may be configured to be able to deliver electrical power on all three phases.
  • Other electricity generators 20 may be installed such that they deliver electrical power only on a single of the three available phases. It is noted that even through all three phases are shown on the figure, it does not mean that electrical power is necessarily supplied on all of those phases. I may, for example, be delivered on a single phase, but it is then available to be transferred to a different phase by the phase relay.
  • the local power grid may further comprise a fuse box 30 through which transmission paths are routed.
  • fuses may be connected to provide a safeguard against overloading of the local power grid.
  • routing and distribution of the electrical power to various power outlets and electricity consumption units 40, 40’, 40”’ may take place via the fuse box.
  • phase relays of the phase load distribution system may be located in the fuse box 30 such that the transfer of phase takes place centrally.
  • the fuse box 30 may in some embodiments further comprise a master detection meter 35 which monitors the overall electricity consumption in the local power grid, while other detection meters 120 of the phase load distribution system function as sub-meters such that the fraction of the total electricity consumption delivered to each electricity consumption unit 40 may be determined as a fraction of the consumption detected by the master detection meter 35.
  • each detection meter comprises a current sensor, such as a current transducer.
  • a phase relay 105 and a detection meter 120 In at least some of, and preferably all of, the transmission paths delivering electrical power to a connected electricity consumption units 40 there is installed a phase relay 105 and a detection meter 120. They may be collected in the same phase transfer unit 100 or they may be separate components. They may be mounted within the fuse box 30 or separately from the fuse box.
  • a master device 50 is arranged to exchange data communication with the other components of the phase load distribution system and to control the phase relays.
  • the master device comprises a transmitter and/or receiver as well as a processing unit.
  • the master device receives data relating to the amount of electrical power delivered on each phase and the amount of power consumed on each phase. Based on this delivery and consumption data, the master device determines whether the conditions for transferring electricity consumption and/or electricity generation to a different phase are present in which case the master device activates one or more phase relays.
  • the master device 50 may also determine when to activate one or more phase relays based on other predetermined information such as at specific times of the day or based on information delivered from an external server.
  • a local power grid may receive electrical power from a regional power grid 15 and two electricity generators 20 in the form of a solar cell 21 and a wind turbine 22.
  • the solar cell 21 may provide electrical power on a first phase
  • the wind turbine 22 provides electrical power on a second phase.
  • the electrical power supplied is routed via a fuse box 30 to various, different electricity consumers 40, 40’, 40”.
  • Detection means 110 monitor the amount of electricity supplied on each phase, while detection meters 120 monitor the amount of electricity consumed on each phase. This information is transmitted to the master device 50, which controls the phase relays 105 accordingly.
  • both the detection meters and detection means comprise current sensors.
  • the electricity consumption units may be configured to consume electrical power from each their phase, e.g. a first electricity consumption unit 40 consumes electricity on the first phase, a second electricity consumption unit 40’ consumes electricity on the second phase, and a third electricity consumption unit 40” consumes electricity one the third phase. If the solar cells 21 then begin to generate electrical power, a surplus of electrical power is now present on the first phase. This will be detected by detection means 110 in the transmission path between the solar cells 21 and the fuse box 30.
  • the master device 50 will then activate a phase relay of the phase load distribution system to increase the load on the first phase, such that the excess capacity is being used locally and less power is being consumed from the regional power grid 15, e.g. the master device 50 may transfer power such that both the first 40 and the second electricity consumption unit 40’ consume electrical power on the first phase.
  • the master device 50 may once again activate one or more phase relays. For example, if the wind turbine 22 generates more electrical power than the solar cells 21 , the master device 50 may activate multiple phase relays to redirect the consumption such that only the first electricity consumption unit 40 remains on the first phase, while both the second 40’ and the third electricity consumption unit 40” consume electrical power on the second phase.
  • phase load distribution system may follow various schemes for when phase relays are activated employing consumption forecasts and thresholds as previously discussed.
  • Common local power grids will comprise significantly more than three electricity consumption units, the load of which must be distributed in the network.
  • Fig. 3 shows a conceptual illustration of a switching the phase of electrical power on the input side of a local power grid.
  • a local power grid is shown to receive electrical power on all three available phases from a regional power grid 15 and on a single one of the available phases from an electricity generator 20 in the form of a solar cell 22.
  • Electrical phases are illustrated as arrows where full arrows in Fig. 3 indicate phases on which electrical power is supplied, while available phases with no power supplied are indicated as dashed arrows. Naming the phases as the first phase illustrated uppermost and consecutively to the third phase illustrated as the lower of the three arrows it is seen that electrical power is supplied by the electricity generator 20 on the first phase.
  • a phase transfer unit 100 comprising a phase relay 105 for transferring on which phase electrical power is delivered and a detection means 110 for detecting the amount of electrical power generated by the electricity generator 20 and made available to the local power grid. Electrical power is generated on the first phase (indicated by the full line of the uppermost arrow) and input to the phase transfer unit 100.
  • the phase relay 105 of the phase transfer unit 100 transfers the phase of the generated electrical power to the second phase (the middle arrow, now with a full line).
  • the choice of transferring the phase of the generated electrical power from the first phase to the second phase is made by the master unit 50 based on information regarding the availability of electrical power on each of the available three phases and the amount of electrical power consumed on each of the electrical three phases.
  • the master unit 50 is illustrated as separate, but it is to be understood that it is in communication with other components of the local power grid, e.g. being able to communicate with the phase transfer unit 100 to control the phase relay 105 as well as being able to receive data collected by the master power meter 35, the power meters 120 and the detection means 110 of the local power grid to be able to determine when the phase relay 105 needs to be activated and which phase electrical power should be transferred to.
  • FIG. 3 shows two electricity consumption units 40 illustrated as an EV and a refrigerator.
  • the EV is loading is consuming electrical power form a single phase, namely the second phase, while the refrigerator is consuming electrical power on the third phase.
  • the EV consumes more electrical power than the refrigerator, hence the master unit 50 directs the phase transfer unit 100 connected to the electricity generator 20 to transfer the phase of the locally generated electrical power to the second phase where the load is highest.
  • the shown local power grid is simply illustrating the concept, and that in practice local power grids will tend to comprise more electricity consumption units 40 the load of which needs to be balanced.
  • Some local power grids may also comprise multiple electricity generators 20.
  • Some local power grids may further comprise electricity reservoirs.
  • it will vary over time how much electricity is generated by the electricity generator 20 just as the number of active electricity consumption units 40 and the amount of electricity required by such consumption units 40 will vary over time.
  • the variation of the available and sesd electrical power is monitored by the master power meter 35 which monitors in real time the total electrical power being consumed the local power grid on each of the three phases.
  • the master power meter 35 is illustrated as being part of a fuse box 30 to. Further details of the available and consumed electrical power of the local power grid may be provided by the detection means 110 and detection meters 120, respectively.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the concept of switching electrical power from an electricity generator
  • some electricity consumption units 40 such as EVs, may comprise electricity reservoirs, e.g. batteries to be charged, which can deliver electrical power back into the local power grid, hence in some variants such electricity consumption units may also at times function as the input side for the local power grid (not shown in Fig. 3).
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a local power grid similar to that of Fig. 3 but wherein phase transfer units 100 are present on both the input side and the output side of the local power grid. Further the local power grid of Fig. 4 comprises multiple power consumption units 40 in the form of EVs some of which charge only on a single phase while other consume electrical power on all available phases of the local power grid. The local power grid of Fig. 4 also comprises a dedicated electricity reservoir 45 in the form of a battery.
  • two of the electricity consumption units 40,40’ are EVs charging on a single phase, namely the second phase (middle arrow), while a third electricity consumption unit 40” is an EV capable of consuming electrical power on all three available phases.
  • the electricity reservoir 45 of example Fig. 4 is configured to store electrical power from the third phase and to deliver electrical power to that same phase.
  • a phase transfer unit 100 is arranged to be capable of transferring on which phase electrical power is delivered from the electricity reservoir 45 to the local power grid.
  • the two EVs charging form a single phase are both constructed to charge on the second phase, hence the master unit 50 collecting meter data will find that the load is highest on the second phase.
  • the master unit 50 directs the transfer unit connected to the electricity generator 20 to transfer the electricity generated on the first phase to the second phase, such that electricity can be supplied to the electricity consumption units on the second phase.
  • phase transfer unit 100 connected to the second electricity consumption unit 40’ receives electrical power on the second phase which has been transferred from the electricity generator 20 and it receives electrical power from the electricity reservoir 45.
  • the phase transfer unit 100 connected to the second electricity consumption unit 40’ is thus activated to transfer the electrical power delivered on the third phase to the second phase.
  • the phase transfer unit 100 connected to the electricity reservoir 45 might have been activated to transfer the electrical power to the second phase where the load is highest instead of activating the phase transfer unit connected to the electricity consumption unit 40’.
  • phase transfer units In the majority of local power grids more than three electricity consumption units will be connected. In such cases having phase transfer units on both the input side and the output side will provide the local power grid with better options for even load distribution. While the illustrated example shows every electricity consumption unit 40, 40’, 40” to have a phase transfer unit 100 connected, it is to be understood that this is not a requirement of the phase load distribution system. In some cases one or more of the connected electricity consumption units may be connected to a phase transfer unit while other electricity consumption units may be unable to have the phase on which they consume electrical power transferred.
  • the electricity reservoir 45 of the example shown in Fig. 4 is shown to have a phase transfer unit connected for the delivery of electrical power into the local power grid, in other embodiments the electricity reservoir 45 may have phase transfer unit connected where it receives electrical power from the local power grid instead of or in addition to the shown phase transfer unit.
  • phase transfer units 100 of Fig. 4 are illustrated to comprise either a detection means 110 or a detection meter 120 in some other variants phase transfer units 100 may be constructed to include both such that the same phase transfer unit may be used on the input side and the output side of the local power grid.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate three possible phases in a local power grid. In other local power grids a different number of phases may be available. The physical connections as such are not illustrated in the Figs. 3 and 4. It is noted that for many electrical connection points for EV charging used in the art, the connection point, e.g. a connector, plug or socket, comprises a plurality of pins, each pin configured to provide an electrical connection to a different of the available phases or to ground. In a preferred embodiment of the phase load distribution system adapted for the connection of EVs a phase transfer unit will only be provided for the electrical connection to a single of the pins of the connection point, namely the pin which EVs which charge on only a single phase is connected to. In the examples illustrated in Figs.
  • phase transfer unit will be connected only to the pin of the connection point which connects to the second phase as all EVs are configured to charge on that phase.
  • the choice of phase is exemplary and may be any of the available phases of the local power grid.
  • a phase load distribution system for balancing the phase loads of a local power grid, said phase load distribution system comprising: one or more phase relays arranged to transfer electrical power from one of two or more possible phases to another of said two or more possible phases; detection means for determining the amount of electrical power delivered on each of the two or more available phases; one or more detection meters for determining the amount of electricity consumed on each of two or more available phases; a master device for controlling the activation of said one or more phase relays, whereby electrical power is transferred from one of two or more possible phases to another of two or more possible phases.
  • a phase load distribution system comprising a fuse box.
  • phase load distribution system comprising a plurality of phase transfer units, each phase transfer unit comprising one of said phase relays.
  • each of said phase transfer units comprising at least one of said detection means.
  • each of said phase transfer units comprising at least one of said detection meters.
  • phase load distribution system according to item 5, wherein each power meter comprised in said phase transfer unit is a submeter, and wherein said phase load distribution system further comprises a master detection meter.
  • a phase load distribution system according to any one of the previous items, said master device being configured to activate said one or more phase relays based on a consumption forecast. 8. A phase load distribution system according to any one of the previous items, said master device being configured to activate said one or more phase relays in response to a change in supply and/or consumption of electrical power within a local power grid.
  • a phase load distribution system according to any one of the previous items, said master device being configured to communicate with an external server such as a database or master devices of other local power grids.
  • phase load distribution system comprising one or more electricity reservoirs for storing excess electrical power in the local power grid.
  • phase transfer unit for use in a phase transfer system according to any one of the previous items, said phase transfer unit comprising: a phase relay arranged to transfer electrical power from one of two or more possible phases to another of said two or more possible phases; a receiver configured to receive an activation signal from a master device for activating the switching of which phase said phase relay transfers electrical power to.
  • a phase transfer unit further comprising: detection means configured to determine the amount of electrical power delivered on each of two or more available phases, one or more detection meters for determining the amount of electrical power consumed on each of two or more available phases; a transmitter for transmitting collected data to a master device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

Un système de distribution de charges de phase pour équilibrer les charges de phase d'un réseau électrique local recevant de l'énergie électrique à partir de multiples sources, le système de distribution de charges de phase comprenant un ou plusieurs relais de phase agencés pour redistribuer de l'énergie électrique délivrée sur au moins l'une des trois phases possibles parmi les trois phases possibles. Le système de distribution de charges de phase comporte également des moyens de détection pour déterminer la quantité d'énergie électrique délivrée sur chacune des trois phases disponibles ; et un ou plusieurs compteurs de détection pour déterminer la quantité d'énergie électrique consommée sur chacune des trois phases disponibles possibles. Un dispositif maître commande l'activation du ou des relais de phase, l'énergie électrique étant redistribuée parmi les trois phases possibles par transfert d'au moins une partie de l'énergie électrique délivrée d'une des trois phases possibles à une autre des trois phases possibles.
PCT/EP2023/076693 2022-09-27 2023-09-27 Système de distribution de charges de phase WO2024068729A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7612466B2 (en) * 2008-01-28 2009-11-03 VPT Energy Systems System and method for coordinated control and utilization of local storage and generation, with a power grid
DE102011078047A1 (de) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Belastung der Phasen eines dreiphasigen Energienetzes
US20140031998A1 (en) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-30 International Business Machines Corporation Predictive phase balancing for demand response
FR3018006A1 (fr) * 2014-02-27 2015-08-28 Hager Electro Sas Systeme de commutation controlee pour le raccordement selectif d'un reseau electrique triphase
EP3184352A1 (fr) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-28 Zaptec IP AS Système et procédé de distribution de charge de phase dynamique lors de la charge de véhicules électriques

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7612466B2 (en) * 2008-01-28 2009-11-03 VPT Energy Systems System and method for coordinated control and utilization of local storage and generation, with a power grid
DE102011078047A1 (de) * 2011-06-24 2012-12-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Steuerung der Belastung der Phasen eines dreiphasigen Energienetzes
US20140031998A1 (en) * 2012-07-24 2014-01-30 International Business Machines Corporation Predictive phase balancing for demand response
FR3018006A1 (fr) * 2014-02-27 2015-08-28 Hager Electro Sas Systeme de commutation controlee pour le raccordement selectif d'un reseau electrique triphase
EP3184352A1 (fr) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-28 Zaptec IP AS Système et procédé de distribution de charge de phase dynamique lors de la charge de véhicules électriques

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