WO2024068489A1 - Antiperspirant compositions - Google Patents
Antiperspirant compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024068489A1 WO2024068489A1 PCT/EP2023/076307 EP2023076307W WO2024068489A1 WO 2024068489 A1 WO2024068489 A1 WO 2024068489A1 EP 2023076307 W EP2023076307 W EP 2023076307W WO 2024068489 A1 WO2024068489 A1 WO 2024068489A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- antiperspirant
- weight
- aluminium
- composition
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000001166 anti-perspirative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003213 antiperspirant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229940008099 dimethicone Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- DTPCFIHYWYONMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO DTPCFIHYWYONMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940086555 cyclomethicone Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 30
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- YCLAMANSVUJYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L aluminum chloride hydroxide hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[Al+3].[Cl-] YCLAMANSVUJYPT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 10
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000001099 axilla Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001542 size-exclusion chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000010696 ester oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000037067 skin hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-BGDVVUGTSA-N (9Z,11E,13Z)-octadecatrienoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C/C=C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-BGDVVUGTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12Z-octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 C20 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- DNXNYEBMOSARMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zirconium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zr] DNXNYEBMOSARMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJTNSXPMYKJZPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N parinaric acid Chemical compound CCC=CC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O IJTNSXPMYKJZPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-OUKQBFOZSA-N petroselaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-URPRIDOGSA-N (5Z,9Z,12Z)-octadecatrienoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CC\C=C/CCCC(O)=O HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-URPRIDOGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVUCYJXFCAVHNC-VAWYXSNFSA-N (e)-octadec-7-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCC(O)=O RVUCYJXFCAVHNC-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQCIPRGNRQXXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octadecoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(C)O ZQCIPRGNRQXXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJBSTXIIQYFNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 RJBSTXIIQYFNPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218157 Aquilegia vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OPGOLNDOMSBSCW-CLNHMMGSSA-N Fursultiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1CCOC1CSSC(\CCO)=C(/C)N(C=O)CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N OPGOLNDOMSBSCW-CLNHMMGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272496 Galliformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001495448 Impatiens <genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UULYVBBLIYLRCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palmitinsaeure-n-tetradecylester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCC UULYVBBLIYLRCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ranuncelin-saeure-methylester Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCC=CCCCC(O)=O HXQHFNIKBKZGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004479 aerosol dispenser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJTNSXPMYKJZPR-WVRBZULHSA-N alpha-parinaric acid Natural products CCC=C/C=C/C=C/C=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O IJTNSXPMYKJZPR-WVRBZULHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021324 borage oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010474 borage seed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940108924 conjugated linoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001072 coriandrum sativum l. fruit oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLAHAXOYRFRPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DLAHAXOYRFRPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008524 evening primrose extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010475 evening primrose oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940089020 evening primrose oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930190166 impatien Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002969 oleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940078491 ppg-15 stearyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035910 sensory benefits Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036620 skin dryness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000430 skin reaction Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JIWBIWFOSCKQMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N stearidonic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(O)=O JIWBIWFOSCKQMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UYWAGRGNSA-N trichosanic acid Natural products CCCCC=C/C=C/C=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-UYWAGRGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/064—Water-in-oil emulsions, e.g. Water-in-silicone emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/26—Aluminium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
- A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
- A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
- A61K8/893—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone modified by an alkoxy or aryloxy group, e.g. behenoxy dimethicone or stearoxy dimethicone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/89—Polysiloxanes
- A61K8/891—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone
- A61K8/894—Polysiloxanes saturated, e.g. dimethicone, phenyl trimethicone, C24-C28 methicone or stearyl dimethicone modified by a polyoxyalkylene group, e.g. cetyl dimethicone copolyol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
- A61K2800/30—Characterized by the absence of a particular group of ingredients
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with antiperspirant compositions and their use to reduce perspiration on the surface of the human body. It is particularly concerned with water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion aerosol compositions comprising aluminium-containing antiperspirant active and a humectant.
- w/o water-in-oil
- Water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirant compositions are well known in the prior art, particularly in the form of stick and gel compositions.
- WO 2009/044381 discloses w/o emulsion sticks comprising aluminium and aluminium-zirconium antiperspirant salts activated using calcium ions.
- US 2011/038823 and US 2011/038902 discloses w/o emulsion sticks comprising an antiperspirant active prepared by combining an aluminium-based antiperspirant active, calcium chloride and glycine.
- US 4,695,451 discloses w/o emulsion aerosol antiperspirant compositions, preferably having a C3-C4 hydrocarbon propellant present.
- WO 2004/030641 A1 discloses w/o emulsions, including antiperspirants compositions, sprayable as aerosols.
- US 2006/051306 discloses w/o antiperspirant emulsion compositions comprising polymers comprising Bronsted acid groups, said compositions optionally comprising a volatile propellant and being sprayable as an aerosol.
- an emulsion antiperspirant aerosol composition comprising:
- an aqueous disperse phase comprising an aluminium-containing antiperspirant active and at least 10% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420;
- a silicone-based emulsifier wherein the aqueous disperse phase comprises at least 50% by weight of the total composition, all percentages excluding any volatile propellant present in the composition.
- a method of manufacture of an antiperspirant composition according to the first aspect of the invention in a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacture of an antiperspirant composition according to the first aspect of the invention.
- a method of attaining an antiperspirant benefit comprising the topical application to the surface of the human body of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention.
- emulsion antiperspirant aerosol compositions according to the invention are w/o emulsions, as will be understand by their having an aqueous disperse phase and an oily continuous phase.
- the aqueous phase is dispersed within the oily continuous phase.
- emulsion stability refers to the ability of a composition to stay homogeneous and not to separate into two or more distinct phases.
- an aerosol composition is a liquid composition capable of forming an aerosol when expelled through an orifice suitable for producing an aerosol.
- topical application refers to application to the skin of the human body, in particular to the underarm regions of the human body.
- antiperspirant actives are materials that reduce perspiration on the skin of the human body, typically following topical application.
- compositions of the invention are cosmetic compositions.
- references to an amount of a material or materials refer to the total amount of material(s) of the type indicated.
- references to an amount of a material are with reference to the total composition of which it is a part, unless otherwise indicated.
- application and “applied” relate to application to the skin of the human body, in particular the underarm regions, unless the context dictates otherwise.
- ambient conditions refer to 20°C and 1 atmosphere pressure, unless otherwise indicated.
- the aqueous disperse phase comprises water and an aluminium-containing antiperspirant active. It also comprises at least 10% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420.
- the aluminium-containing antiperspirant active used in the present invention preferably has aluminium to chloride molar ratio of from 1.25:1 to 1.82:1 and preferably 1.54:1 to 1.82:1.
- aluminium-containing antiperspirant active is preferably an aluminium sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) salt having the chemical formula AI2OH4.4CI1.6 to AI2OH4.9CI1.1.
- ASCH aluminium sesquichlorohydrate
- Most commercial ASCH samples are of chemical formula AI2OH4.7CI1.3 to AI2OH4.9CI1.1 and it is preferred to have ASCH salts of this formula.
- the composition also comprises a water-soluble calcium salt and an amino acid, particular when the antiperspirant active is ASCH. It is particularly preferred that the ASCH is activated by the water-soluble calcium salt and an amino acid (vide infra).
- the water-soluble calcium salt is preferably used at such a level that the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1:40, more preferably at least 1 :30 and most preferably at least 1 :20. It is not advantageous to have the calcium concentration in excess of the aluminium concentration; indeed, it is preferred that the calcium concentration is no more than half that of the aluminium concentration and more preferred that it is no more than a fifth of said concentration.
- the preferred molar ratios of calcium to aluminium of at least 1 :40 and at least 1 :20 it is independently preferred that this ratio is no greater than 1 :2 and more preferred that it is no greater than 1:5.
- the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1 : 15 and preferably no greater than 1 :5 and in especially preferred embodiments it is at least 1 :10 and preferably no greater than 1:5.
- a preferred water soluble calcium salt for use in the present invention is calcium chloride.
- references to molar amounts and ratios of “aluminium” are calculated on the basis of mono-nuclear aluminium, but include aluminium present in poly-nuclear species; indeed, most of the aluminium in the salts of relevance is present in poly-nuclear species.
- the amino acid is preferably used at such a level that the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1:20, more preferably at least 1:10 and most preferably at least 1:5. It is not advantageous to have the amino acid concentration in excess of the aluminium concentration; hence, the molar amino acid to aluminium is preferably from 1:20 to 1:1 , more preferably from 1:10 to 1 :1 and most preferably from 1:5 to 1 :1.
- the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1 :4 and preferably no greater than 1:1 and in especially preferred embodiments it is at least 1:3 and preferably no greater than 1:1.
- the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1:40 and the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1 :20. In further preferred embodiments the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1:20 and the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1:10. In particularly preferred embodiments the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is from 1:20 to 1 :5 and the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is from 1:10 to 1:1.
- Preferred amino acids for use in the present invention are glycine, alanine, valine and proline.
- a particularly preferred amino acid for use in the present invention is glycine.
- the presence of the water-soluble calcium salt and glycine can lead to “activation” of the antiperspirant salt, by which is meant an increase in its Band III content (vide infra).
- activation of the antiperspirant salt, by which is meant an increase in its Band III content (vide infra).
- an aqueous solution of the antiperspirant salt is heated with the water-soluble calcium salt and glycine to achieve activation.
- Band III material in an antiperspirant salt may be determined by SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography) analysis.
- SEC Size Exclusion Chromatography
- the SEC technique is well known in the art and is described in further detail in US 4,359,456 (Gosling).
- the SEC band commonly referred to as Band III is designated as “Peak 4” in EP 1,104,282 B1 by Gillette.
- Band III content refers to the integrated area in the Band III region of the SEC chromatograph relative to the total integrated area in all of the regions corresponding to aluminium species; that is to say, Bands I, II, III, and IV.
- compositions according to the invention have antiperspirant active having a Band III content of at least 30% and more preferably at least 50%.
- the antiperspirant active is present in the total composition at a preferred level of from 2 to 15%, more preferably from 3 to 10% and most preferably from 3 to 6%.
- the level of antiperspirant active excludes any water-soluble calcium salt or amino acid also present in the composition and/or associated with the antiperspirant active; the same is also true w.r.t. ratios relating to the amount of antiperspirant active.
- a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420, this humectant being present at least 10% by weight of the aqueous continuous phase.
- the humectant serves to enhance the sensory properties of the composition.
- the humectant is glycerol.
- the humectant is present in the total composition at a preferred level of from 1 to 20%, more preferably from 2 to 12% and most preferably from 3 to 10%.
- the weight ratio of antiperspirant active to humectant as defined herein is preferably from 1: 10 to 10: 1, more preferably from 1: 4 to 4: 1 and most preferably from 1 : 2 to 3: 1. These ratios are of particular importance when the antiperspirant active is ASCH and/or when the humectant is glycerol.
- An essential component of the invention is the oily continuous phase in which the aqueous phase is suspended.
- the oily continuous phase comprises a linear dimethicone (silicone) oil at a level of at least 25% of those materials present in the oily continuous phase. Preferably, this level is at least 50%, i.e. from 50 to 100%. In certain preferred embodiments, the silicone oil comprises greater than 60% by weight of the material present in the oily continuous phase.
- the term “oily” indicates the presence of a water-insoluble organic material that is liquid at 20°C. Any material having a solubility of less than 0.1g/100g at 20°C is considered insoluble.
- the oily continuous phase contains zero or relatively low levels of cyclic silicones, such cyclopentasiloxane.
- the level of cyclic silicone within the oily continuous phase is preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 1% and most preferably less than 0.1%.
- an oil other than a fragrance oil or silicone oil that has a relatively low viscosity, by which is meant less 250 cS (mm 2 .s’ 1 ).
- oils can improve the sensory properties of the composition on application and can lead to other benefits such as emolliency.
- Suitable oils can be selected from alkyl ether oils having a boiling point of above 100°C and especially above 150°C, including polyalkyleneglycol alkyl ethers.
- Such ethers desirably comprise between 10 and 20 ethylene glycol or propylene glycol units and the alkyl group commonly contains from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the preferred ether oils include polypropylene glycol alkyl ethers such as PPG-14-butylether and PPG-15-stearyl ether.
- Suitable oils can include one or more triglyceride oils.
- the triglyceride oils commonly comprise the alkyl residues of aliphatic C?to C20 alcohols, the total number of carbon atoms being selected in conjunction with the extent of olefinic unsaturation and/or branching to enable the triglyceride to be liquid at 20°C.
- One example is jojoba oil.
- the alkyl residues are linear Cis groups having one, two or three olefinic degrees of unsaturation, two or three being optionally conjugated, many of which are extractable from plants (or their synthetic analogues), including triglycerides of oleic acid, linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acids, linolenic acid, petroselenic acid, ricinoleic acid, I inolenelaidic acid, trans 7-octadecenoic acid, parinaric acid, pinolenic acid, punicic acid, petroselenic acid and stearidonic acid.
- Suitable oils can include those derived from unsaturated Cis acids, including coriander seed oil, impatiens balsimina seed oil, parinarium laurinarium kernel fat oil, sabastiana brasilinensis seed oil, dehydrated castor seed oil, borage seed oil, evening primrose oil, aquilegia vulgaris oil, sunflower (seed) oil and safflower oil.
- Other suitable oils are obtainable from hemp, and maize corn oil.
- An especially preferred oil is sunflower (seed) oil.
- suitable oils that can also be emollient oils, comprise alkyl or alkyl-aryl ester oils having a boiling point of above 150°C (and a melting point of below 20°C).
- ester oils include oils containing one or two alkyl groups of 12 to 24 carbon atoms length, including isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate and myristyl palmitate.
- Other nonvolatile ester oils include alkyl or aryl benzoates such C12-15 alkyl benzoate, for example Finsolv TNTM or Finsolv SunTM.
- the water-in-oil emulsion compositions of the present invention have a balance of aqueous phase to oil phase that is at least equal 1: 1, i.e. the internal phase is of at least the same total weight than the continuous phase.
- the ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase is preferably from 50: 50 to 90: 10, more preferably from 70: 30 to 85: 15 and most preferably from 75:25 to 85:15.
- the water-in-oil antiperspirant compositions of the present invention comprise a silicone- based emulsifier.
- a silicone-based emulsifier is an emulsifier comprising silicone.
- the emulsifier is typically introduced into the composition as part of the oily continuous phase; however, it should not be considered to be part of this phase in calculating ratios, parts and percentages based upon the amount of the oily continuous phase. In reality, much of the emulsifier sits on the interface between the disperse aqueous phase and oily continuous phase, thereby stabilising the w/o emulsion composition.
- Preferred silicone-based emulsifiers are dimethicone ethoxylates/propoxylates, optionally with one or more alkyl substituents.
- Such emulsifiers may be silicone emulsifiers that are ethoxylated and/or propoxylated silicone ethers, optionally with one or more alkyl groups.
- Such emulsifiers include PEG-dimethicones, PPG-dimethicones, or PEG/PPG- dimethicone copolymers.
- silicone-based emulsifiers are PEG-10 dimethicone and PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone; especially preferred is PEG-10 dimethicone.
- Such preferred emulsifier systems can lead to both high antiperspirancy performance and superior storage stability, particularly at high temperatures.
- the total proportion of emulsifiers in the composition, excluding any volatile propellant present therein, is preferably at least 1% and particularly at least 1.3% by weight.
- the emulsifiers are not present at above 7%, more preferably not more than 5% and most preferably up to 3% by weight.
- An especially desirable concentration range for the emulsifiers is from 1.4 to 2.9%, all of these preferred ranges being based on the composition excluding any volaille propellant present therein.
- silicone-based emulsifier can help with the balance between emulsion stability and antiperspirant efficacy which is a key factor in formulating water-in- oil emulsion antiperspirant compositions. Too little emulsifier can lead to poor emulsion stability, whilst too much can be detrimental to antiperspirant performance.
- the ratio of silicone-based emulsifier to aqueous phase is preferably from 1: 99 to 10: 90, more preferably from 1.5: 98.5 to 7.5: 92.5 and most preferably from 2.0: 98.0 to 3.8 to 96.2. These ratios are of particular relevance when the aqueous phase contains from 10 to 30% of the antiperspirant active.
- a propellant is a highly preferred component of compositions of the invention; however, it is not essential since aerosols can be generated by other means, such as pump spray dispensers or squeeze spray dispensers.
- a preferred propellant for use herein is a volatile propellant, i.e. one having a boiling point of below 10°C and especially one with a boiling point below 0°C. Such materials are typically in liquefied form at the pressure within the container from which they are dispensed.
- Suitable volatile propellants include trichlorofluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, difluoroethane, propane, butane, isobutane, or combinations thereof. It is especially preferred to employ liquefied hydrocarbon gases, and especially C3 to Ce hydrocarbons, including propane, butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane and mixtures of two or more thereof. Of these especially preferred propellants, isobutane, isobutane/propane, butane/propane and mixtures of propane, isobutane and butane are most preferred. The amount used is typically from 5 to 95% and preferably from 30 to 90% by weight of the total composition.
- the ratio of propellant to base is preferably from 60: 40 to 90: 10, more preferably from 65: 35 to 90: 10 and most preferably from 70: 30 to 90: 10.
- the “base” is composed of all of components of the composition except any propellant that may be present therein.
- a preferred additional optional component for use in accordance with the present invention is a fragrance oil, sometimes alternatively called a perfume oil.
- the fragrance oil may comprise a single fragrance or component more commonly a plurality of fragrance components.
- fragrance oils impart an odour, preferably a pleasant odour, to the composition.
- the fragrance oil imparts a pleasant odour to the surface of the human body the composition is applied to the same.
- the fragrance may be an encapsulated fragrance.
- the amount of fragrance oil in the composition is commonly up to 3% advantageously is at least 0.5% and particularly from 0.8% to 2%, based on the composition excluding any volatile propellant present therein.
- the compositions of the present invention are suitable for dispensing via an aerosol dispenser. Such dispensers may be pressurised by compressed gas and/or a liquified gas, both of which are to be considered volatile propellants. Examples
- the aluminium sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) was pre-activated by heating with the calcium chloride, glycine and water to give an aqueous solution comprising 3.240 parts ASCH, 0.404 parts calcium chloride, 0.317 parts glycine and 8.039 parts water (indicated as “aqua” in the Examples).
- the pre-activating step was performed for 2 hours at 87°C.
- Table 1 The Examples detailed in Table 2 were prepared by methods known in the art.
- the “AASCH” antiperspirant active is described with reference to its constituent parts: ASCH, calcium chloride, glycine and water (“aqua”).
- Table 2 Water-in-Oil Antiperspirant Aerosol Compositions
- Example A492 Sweat weight reduction” (SWR) test was performed for Example A492 using a test panel of 33 female volunteers. Test operators applied Example A492 (2 second spray; 1.7-2.0 g) to one axilla and a non-antiperspirant deodorant body spray to the other axilla of each panellist. This was done once each day for three days. After the third application, panellists were requested not to wash under their arms for the following 24 hours. 24 hours after the third and final product application, the panellists were induced to sweat in a hot-room at 40°C ( ⁇ 2°C) and 40% ( ⁇ 5%) relative humidity, for 40 minutes. After this period, the panellists left the hot-room and their axillae were carefully wiped dry. Preweighed cotton pads were then applied to each axilla of each panellist and the panellists re-entered the hot-room for a further 20 minutes. Following this period, the pads were removed and re-weighed, enabling the weight of sweat generated to be calculated.
- the sweat weight reduction (SWR) for each panellist was calculated as a percentage (% SWR) and the mean % SWR was calculated according to the method described by Murphy and Levine in “Analysis of Antiperspirant Efficacy Results”, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 1991(May), 42, 167-197.
- a ’’Sweat weight reduction” (SWR) test was performed for Example H29 using a test panel of 33 female volunteers and a method analogous to that used in the test described above.
- a SWR result of 29% was obtained after 48 hours, this result being significantly different to that from the Control at the 95% level. This represents a good result for a water-in-oil emulsion AP aerosol. It is also noteworthy that this result is better than that found for Example A491 after 48 hours. This is presumed to be due to the lower level of emulsifier in Example H29, although there was a procedural difference between the SWR test on Example A491 and that on Example H29, making this a less than perfect comparison.
- the 0.4% emulsifier in Example H29 equates to an emulsifier to aqueous phase ratio of 2.4: 97.6.
- Control composition indicated was a suspension antiperspirant aerosol composition having excellent skin care credentials, resulting from no less than four skin benefit oils present therein. Table 3
- the test was a single centre, balanced incomplete block design, randomised, doubleblind axillary study with three study products conducted with healthy females aged 18-65.
- the study was divided into two cohorts of subjects staggered by 8 days and consisted of two phases: Provocation and Recovery.
- Subjects who achieved an acceptable level of irritation proceeded to the Recovery phase proceeded to the Recovery phase (days 8 to 15).
- Subjects applied two of the three test products one to each axilla according to the randomisation) twice daily (target dose 2 sec. per application (expected dose was 1.5-1.7 g for F54 and G60 and 1.8-2.0 g for the Control).
- the Expert Assessor visually assessed dryness and erythema at all visit days (Days 1 , 3, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15). The results from days 10, 13 and 15 are summarised in Tables 4 and 5, respectively.
- underarm washing was restricted to once daily only - each morning just prior to the first product application of the day (except on test centre visits when subjects washed at home at least 2 hours before their appointment and applied their first application supervised on-site).
- subjects shave (8, 11 & 13) they washed twice, with the second wash being conducted at the same time as the evening shave.
- Table 6 Hydration Results on Day 15
- a second sensory test was performed using Examples B81 and N80 from Table 2 and the Control composition from Table 3. The results are shown in Tables 7 to 10.
- the protocol for the second sensory test was the same as that for the first sensory test described above, mutatis mutandis and with the addition of a visual irritation assessment, made by an Expert Assessor.
- Table 8 The results in Table 8 (see below) are indicative of reduced visual erythema following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control.
- Table 9 The results in Table 9 (see below) are indicative of reduced visual irritation following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control.
- Table 9 Visual Irritation Results
- Table 10 are indicative of increased skin hydration following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically higher than the corresponding result for the Control.
- Table 10 Hydration Results on Day 15 Further Examples of base compositions are detailed detail in Table 11.
- the mixture of ASCH, calcium chloride, glycine and water used was as in the previous examples. These Examples were placed on storage at 25°C and 45°C and their stability monitored for up to 28 days - results are given at the bottom of the Table.
- the DC5225C used in Example 2 was a 12.5% dispersion of PEG/PPG- 18/18 dimethicone in cyclopentasiloxane, so the 12.5% level indicated equated to 1.56% emulsifier and 10.94% cyclopentasiloxane.
- Example 11 The results in Table 11 suggest that DowsilTM ES-5612 and DowsilTM ES-5227 are superior emulsifiers to DC5225C in emulsions of this type.
- the comparison between Example 2 and Example 4 supports the proposal that the superior stability of Example 4 may be related to its lack of cyclopentasiloxane, although it must be recognised that there are other differences between these Examples.
- DowsilTM ES-5612 appears to be a superior emulsifier to DowsilTM ES-5227 (compare Examples 5 and 6 [20% glycerol] stability at 25°C and compare Examples 1 and 3 [10% glycerol] stability at 45°C). Further Examples are detailed in Table 12. These aerosol base compositions were of acceptable stability and were capable of being formulated into an antiperspirant aerosol with CAP 40 at a base to propellant ratio of 10: 90 or 20: 80. These Examples were prepared in an analogous manner to those described above. Table 12: Water-in-Oil Antiperspirant Aerosol Base Compositions
Abstract
A water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirant aerosol composition comprising (i) an aluminium- containing antiperspirant active; (ii) at least 10% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420; (iii) at least 25% by weight of linear dimethicone fluid and (iv) a silicone-based emulsifier.
Description
Antiperspirant Compositions
Field of Invention
The present invention is concerned with antiperspirant compositions and their use to reduce perspiration on the surface of the human body. It is particularly concerned with water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion aerosol compositions comprising aluminium-containing antiperspirant active and a humectant.
Background
Water-in-oil emulsion antiperspirant compositions are well known in the prior art, particularly in the form of stick and gel compositions.
US 6,911,195 (Gillette) discloses w/o emulsion gels comprising aluminium-zirconium antiperspirant salts.
WO 2009/044381 (P&G) discloses w/o emulsion sticks comprising aluminium and aluminium-zirconium antiperspirant salts activated using calcium ions.
US 2011/038823 and US 2011/038902 (Dial/Henkel) discloses w/o emulsion sticks comprising an antiperspirant active prepared by combining an aluminium-based antiperspirant active, calcium chloride and glycine.
There are also prior art publications on w/o antiperspirant aerosol compositions.
US 4,695,451 (Colgate-Palmolive, 1987) discloses w/o emulsion aerosol antiperspirant compositions, preferably having a C3-C4 hydrocarbon propellant present.
US 2007/292358 A1, (Emmerling, 2007) discloses storage-stable w/o emulsion aerosol antiperspirant compositions and a dispensing apparatus suitable for use therewith.
WO 2004/030641 A1 (Beiersdorf, 2004) discloses w/o emulsions, including antiperspirants compositions, sprayable as aerosols.
US 2006/051306 (Unilever, 2006) discloses w/o antiperspirant emulsion compositions comprising polymers comprising Bronsted acid groups, said compositions optionally comprising a volatile propellant and being sprayable as an aerosol.
Summary of the Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition that delivers both good antiperspirancy performance and good sensory properties.
It is a particular object of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition that delivers good antiperspirancy performance without causing undue drying of the skin from a sensory perspective.
It is a particular object of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition that delivers good antiperspirancy performance without causing undue irritation of the skin.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cosmetic composition which is a water-in-oil emulsion having good emulsion stability, particularly at elevated temperatures.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emulsion antiperspirant aerosol composition comprising:
(i) an aqueous disperse phase comprising an aluminium-containing antiperspirant active and at least 10% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420;
(ii) an oily continuous phase comprising at least 25% by weight of linear dimethicone fluid and
(iii) a silicone-based emulsifier; wherein the aqueous disperse phase comprises at least 50% by weight of the total composition, all percentages excluding any volatile propellant present in the composition.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacture of an antiperspirant composition according to the first aspect of the invention.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of attaining an antiperspirant benefit comprising the topical application to the surface of the human body of a composition according to the first aspect of the invention.
Detailed Description
Herein, emulsion antiperspirant aerosol compositions according to the invention are w/o emulsions, as will be understand by their having an aqueous disperse phase and an oily continuous phase. The aqueous phase is dispersed within the oily continuous phase.
Herein, “emulsion stability” refers to the ability of a composition to stay homogeneous and not to separate into two or more distinct phases.
Herein, an aerosol composition is a liquid composition capable of forming an aerosol when expelled through an orifice suitable for producing an aerosol.
Herein, topical application refers to application to the skin of the human body, in particular to the underarm regions of the human body.
Herein, antiperspirant actives are materials that reduce perspiration on the skin of the human body, typically following topical application.
Herein, methods and uses should be understood to be cosmetic methods/uses, i.e. non- therapeutic methods/uses. Likewise, compositions of the invention are cosmetic compositions.
Herein, all percentages, parts, and ratios are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
Herein, references to an amount of a material or materials refer to the total amount of material(s) of the type indicated.
Herein, references to an amount of a material are with reference to the total composition of which it is a part, unless otherwise indicated.
Herein, “application” and “applied” relate to application to the skin of the human body, in particular the underarm regions, unless the context dictates otherwise.
Herein, features expressed as “preferred” with regard to a particular aspect of the invention should be understood to be preferred with regard to each aspect of the invention.
Herein, preferred, particularly preferred and especially preferred features of the invention are particularly preferred when used in combination with other preferred, particularly preferred, and especially preferred features of the invention.
Herein, “ambient conditions” refer to 20°C and 1 atmosphere pressure, unless otherwise indicated.
Herein, the word “comprising” is intended to mean “including” but not necessarily “consisting of’ or “composed of.” In other words, the listed steps or options need not be exhaustive.
Herein, except in the examples or where otherwise explicitly indicated, all numbers in this description and claims indicating amounts of material, physical properties of materials and/or use are to be understood as modified by the word “about”.
Herein, numerical ranges expressed in the format "from x to y" are understood to include x and y. When for a specific feature multiple preferred ranges are described in the format "from x to y", it is understood that all ranges combining the different endpoints are also contemplated.
The aqueous disperse phase comprises water and an aluminium-containing antiperspirant active. It also comprises at least 10% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420.
The aluminium-containing antiperspirant active used in the present invention preferably has aluminium to chloride molar ratio of from 1.25:1 to 1.82:1 and preferably 1.54:1 to 1.82:1.
The aluminium-containing antiperspirant active is preferably an aluminium sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) salt having the chemical formula AI2OH4.4CI1.6 to AI2OH4.9CI1.1. Most commercial ASCH samples are of chemical formula AI2OH4.7CI1.3 to AI2OH4.9CI1.1 and it is preferred to have ASCH salts of this formula.
In preferred embodiments, the composition also comprises a water-soluble calcium salt and an amino acid, particular when the antiperspirant active is ASCH. It is particularly preferred that the ASCH is activated by the water-soluble calcium salt and an amino acid (vide infra).
The water-soluble calcium salt is preferably used at such a level that the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1:40, more preferably at least 1 :30 and most preferably at least 1 :20. It is not advantageous to have the calcium concentration in excess of the aluminium concentration; indeed, it is preferred that the calcium concentration is no more than half that of the aluminium concentration and more preferred that it is no more than a fifth of said concentration. For the preferred molar ratios of calcium to aluminium of at least 1 :40 and at least 1 :20, it is independently preferred that this ratio is no greater than 1 :2 and more preferred that it is no greater than 1:5.
In particularly preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1 : 15 and preferably no greater than 1 :5 and in especially preferred embodiments it is at least 1 :10 and preferably no greater than 1:5.
A preferred water soluble calcium salt for use in the present invention is calcium chloride.
Herein, references to molar amounts and ratios of “aluminium” are calculated on the basis of mono-nuclear aluminium, but include aluminium present in poly-nuclear species; indeed, most of the aluminium in the salts of relevance is present in poly-nuclear species.
The amino acid is preferably used at such a level that the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1:20, more preferably at least 1:10 and most preferably at least 1:5. It is not advantageous to have the amino acid concentration in excess of the aluminium concentration; hence, the molar amino acid to aluminium is preferably from 1:20 to 1:1 , more preferably from 1:10 to 1 :1 and most preferably from 1:5 to 1 :1.
In particularly preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1 :4 and preferably no greater than 1:1 and in especially preferred embodiments it is at least 1:3 and preferably no greater than 1:1.
In preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1:40 and the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1 :20. In further preferred embodiments the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is at least 1:20 and the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is at least 1:10. In particularly preferred embodiments the molar ratio of calcium to aluminium is from 1:20 to 1 :5 and the molar ratio of amino acid to aluminium is from 1:10 to 1:1.
The above indicated preferences for calcium to aluminium molar ratio and/or amino acid to aluminium molar ratio lead to compositions of higher Band III content (vide infra) and, in general, higher antiperspirancy performance. It will be noted that higher Band III content is generally indicative of higher antiperspirancy performance.
Preferred amino acids for use in the present invention are glycine, alanine, valine and proline. A particularly preferred amino acid for use in the present invention is glycine.
The presence of the water-soluble calcium salt and glycine can lead to “activation” of the antiperspirant salt, by which is meant an increase in its Band III content (vide infra). In preferred embodiments, an aqueous solution of the antiperspirant salt is heated with the water-soluble calcium salt and glycine to achieve activation.
The content of “Band III material” in an antiperspirant salt may be determined by SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography) analysis. The SEC technique is well known in the art and is described in further detail in US 4,359,456 (Gosling). The SEC band commonly referred to as Band III is designated as “Peak 4” in EP 1,104,282 B1 by Gillette.
Herein, “Band III content” refers to the integrated area in the Band III region of the SEC chromatograph relative to the total integrated area in all of the regions corresponding to aluminium species; that is to say, Bands I, II, III, and IV.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, compositions according to the invention have antiperspirant active having a Band III content of at least 30% and more preferably at least 50%.
The antiperspirant active is present in the total composition at a preferred level of from 2 to 15%, more preferably from 3 to 10% and most preferably from 3 to 6%. The level of antiperspirant active excludes any water-soluble calcium salt or amino acid also present in the composition and/or associated with the antiperspirant active; the same is also true w.r.t. ratios relating to the amount of antiperspirant active.
Another essential feature of the aqueous continuous phase is a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420, this humectant being present at least 10% by weight of the aqueous continuous phase. The humectant serves to enhance the sensory properties of the composition.
In preferred embodiments the humectant is glycerol.
The humectant is present in the total composition at a preferred level of from 1 to 20%, more preferably from 2 to 12% and most preferably from 3 to 10%.
In order to optimise the balance of antiperspirant efficacy and sensory benefits delivered by the compositions of the invention, the weight ratio of antiperspirant active to humectant as defined herein is preferably from 1: 10 to 10: 1, more preferably from 1: 4 to 4: 1 and most preferably from 1 : 2 to 3: 1. These ratios are of particular importance when the antiperspirant active is ASCH and/or when the humectant is glycerol.
The oily continuous phase
An essential component of the invention is the oily continuous phase in which the aqueous phase is suspended. The oily continuous phase comprises a linear dimethicone (silicone) oil at a level of at least 25% of those materials present in the oily continuous phase. Preferably, this level is at least 50%, i.e. from 50 to 100%. In certain preferred embodiments, the silicone oil comprises greater than 60% by weight of the material present in the oily continuous phase.
Herein, the term “oily” indicates the presence of a water-insoluble organic material that is liquid at 20°C. Any material having a solubility of less than 0.1g/100g at 20°C is considered insoluble.
In preferred embodiments, the oily continuous phase contains zero or relatively low levels of cyclic silicones, such cyclopentasiloxane. The level of cyclic silicone within the oily continuous phase is preferably less than 5%, more preferably less than 1% and most preferably less than 0.1%.
In certain embodiments, it is preferred to include an oil, other than a fragrance oil or silicone oil that has a relatively low viscosity, by which is meant less 250 cS (mm2.s’1). Such oils can improve the sensory properties of the composition on application and can lead to other benefits such as emolliency.
Suitable oils can be selected from alkyl ether oils having a boiling point of above 100°C and especially above 150°C, including polyalkyleneglycol alkyl ethers. Such ethers desirably comprise between 10 and 20 ethylene glycol or propylene glycol units and the alkyl group commonly contains from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. The preferred ether oils include polypropylene glycol alkyl ethers such as PPG-14-butylether and PPG-15-stearyl ether.
Suitable oils can include one or more triglyceride oils. The triglyceride oils commonly comprise the alkyl residues of aliphatic C?to C20 alcohols, the total number of carbon atoms being selected in conjunction with the extent of olefinic unsaturation and/or branching to enable the triglyceride to be liquid at 20°C. One example is jojoba oil.
Particularly preferably, in the triglyceride oil the alkyl residues are linear Cis groups having one, two or three olefinic degrees of unsaturation, two or three being optionally conjugated, many of which are extractable from plants (or their synthetic analogues), including triglycerides of oleic acid, linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acids, linolenic acid, petroselenic acid, ricinoleic acid, I inolenelaidic acid, trans 7-octadecenoic acid, parinaric acid, pinolenic acid, punicic acid, petroselenic acid and stearidonic acid.
Suitable oils can include those derived from unsaturated Cis acids, including coriander seed oil, impatiens balsimina seed oil, parinarium laurinarium kernel fat oil, sabastiana brasilinensis seed oil, dehydrated castor seed oil, borage seed oil, evening primrose oil, aquilegia vulgaris oil, sunflower (seed) oil and safflower oil. Other suitable oils are obtainable from hemp, and maize corn oil. An especially preferred oil is sunflower (seed) oil.
Further suitable oils, that can also be emollient oils, comprise alkyl or alkyl-aryl ester oils having a boiling point of above 150°C (and a melting point of below 20°C). Such ester oils include oils containing one or two alkyl groups of 12 to 24 carbon atoms length, including isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate and myristyl palmitate. Other nonvolatile ester oils include alkyl or aryl benzoates such C12-15 alkyl benzoate, for example Finsolv TN™ or Finsolv Sun™.
The water-in-oil emulsion compositions of the present invention have a balance of aqueous phase to oil phase that is at least equal 1: 1, i.e. the internal phase is of at least the same total weight than the continuous phase. The ratio of aqueous phase to oil phase is preferably from 50: 50 to 90: 10, more preferably from 70: 30 to 85: 15 and most preferably from 75:25 to 85:15.
The water-in-oil antiperspirant compositions of the present invention comprise a silicone- based emulsifier. Herein, a silicone-based emulsifier is an emulsifier comprising silicone.
The emulsifier is typically introduced into the composition as part of the oily continuous phase; however, it should not be considered to be part of this phase in calculating ratios, parts and percentages based upon the amount of the oily continuous phase. In reality, much of the emulsifier sits on the interface between the disperse aqueous phase and oily continuous phase, thereby stabilising the w/o emulsion composition.
Preferred silicone-based emulsifiers are dimethicone ethoxylates/propoxylates, optionally with one or more alkyl substituents. Such emulsifiers may be silicone emulsifiers that are ethoxylated and/or propoxylated silicone ethers, optionally with one or more alkyl groups. Such emulsifiers include PEG-dimethicones, PPG-dimethicones, or PEG/PPG- dimethicone copolymers.
For reasons of emulsion stability, particularly preferred silicone-based emulsifiers are PEG-10 dimethicone and PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone; especially preferred is PEG-10 dimethicone.
Such preferred emulsifier systems can lead to both high antiperspirancy performance and superior storage stability, particularly at high temperatures.
The total proportion of emulsifiers in the composition, excluding any volatile propellant present therein, is preferably at least 1% and particularly at least 1.3% by weight. Preferably the emulsifiers are not present at above 7%, more preferably not more than 5% and most preferably up to 3% by weight. An especially desirable concentration range for the emulsifiers is from 1.4 to 2.9%, all of these preferred ranges being based on the composition excluding any volaille propellant present therein.
The level and choice of silicone-based emulsifier can help with the balance between emulsion stability and antiperspirant efficacy which is a key factor in formulating water-in- oil emulsion antiperspirant compositions. Too little emulsifier can lead to poor emulsion stability, whilst too much can be detrimental to antiperspirant performance.
For reasons of emulsion stability and antiperspirancy efficacy, the ratio of silicone-based emulsifier to aqueous phase is preferably from 1: 99 to 10: 90, more preferably from 1.5: 98.5 to 7.5: 92.5 and most preferably from 2.0: 98.0 to 3.8 to 96.2. These ratios are of particular relevance when the aqueous phase contains from 10 to 30% of the antiperspirant active.
A propellant is a highly preferred component of compositions of the invention; however, it is not essential since aerosols can be generated by other means, such as pump spray dispensers or squeeze spray dispensers.
A preferred propellant for use herein is a volatile propellant, i.e. one having a boiling point of below 10°C and especially one with a boiling point below 0°C. Such materials are typically in liquefied form at the pressure within the container from which they are dispensed.
Suitable volatile propellants include trichlorofluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, difluoroethane, propane, butane, isobutane, or combinations thereof. It is especially preferred to employ liquefied hydrocarbon gases, and especially C3 to Ce hydrocarbons, including propane, butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane and mixtures of two or more thereof. Of these especially preferred propellants, isobutane, isobutane/propane, butane/propane and mixtures of propane, isobutane and butane are most preferred. The amount used is typically from 5 to 95% and preferably from 30 to 90% by weight of the total composition.
When a volatile propellant is used, the ratio of propellant to base is preferably from 60: 40 to 90: 10, more preferably from 65: 35 to 90: 10 and most preferably from 70: 30 to 90: 10.
Herein, the “base” is composed of all of components of the composition except any propellant that may be present therein.
A preferred additional optional component for use in accordance with the present invention is a fragrance oil, sometimes alternatively called a perfume oil. The fragrance oil may comprise a single fragrance or component more commonly a plurality of fragrance components. Herein, fragrance oils impart an odour, preferably a pleasant odour, to the composition. Preferably, the fragrance oil imparts a pleasant odour to the surface of the human body the composition is applied to the same.
In some embodiments, the fragrance may be an encapsulated fragrance.
The amount of fragrance oil in the composition is commonly up to 3% advantageously is at least 0.5% and particularly from 0.8% to 2%, based on the composition excluding any volatile propellant present therein.
The compositions of the present invention are suitable for dispensing via an aerosol dispenser. Such dispensers may be pressurised by compressed gas and/or a liquified gas, both of which are to be considered volatile propellants. Examples
The raw materials used in the Examples were as described below and in Table 1.
The aluminium sesquichlorohydrate (ASCH) was pre-activated by heating with the calcium chloride, glycine and water to give an aqueous solution comprising 3.240 parts ASCH, 0.404 parts calcium chloride, 0.317 parts glycine and 8.039 parts water (indicated as “aqua” in the Examples). The pre-activating step was performed for 2 hours at 87°C.
Table 1
The Examples detailed in Table 2 were prepared by methods known in the art. The “AASCH” antiperspirant active is described with reference to its constituent parts: ASCH, calcium chloride, glycine and water (“aqua”). Table 2: Water-in-Oil Antiperspirant Aerosol Compositions
A ’’Sweat weight reduction” (SWR) test was performed for Example A492 using a test panel of 33 female volunteers. Test operators applied Example A492 (2 second spray; 1.7-2.0 g) to one axilla and a non-antiperspirant deodorant body spray to the other axilla of each panellist. This was done once each day for three days. After the third application, panellists were requested not to wash under their arms for the following 24 hours. 24 hours after the third and final product application, the panellists were induced to sweat in a hot-room at 40°C (±2°C) and 40% (±5%) relative humidity, for 40 minutes. After this period, the panellists left the hot-room and their axillae were carefully wiped dry. Preweighed cotton pads were then applied to each axilla of each panellist and the panellists
re-entered the hot-room for a further 20 minutes. Following this period, the pads were removed and re-weighed, enabling the weight of sweat generated to be calculated.
In a further test, the same procedure was followed, with the modification that it was 48 hours after the third and final product application that the panellists were induced to sweat in the hot-room.
The sweat weight reduction (SWR) for each panellist was calculated as a percentage (% SWR) and the mean % SWR was calculated according to the method described by Murphy and Levine in “Analysis of Antiperspirant Efficacy Results”, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chemists, 1991(May), 42, 167-197.
The SWR result obtained for Example A492 was 23% after 24 hours and 17% after 48 hours. Both of these results were significantly different to that from the Control at the 95% level.
A ’’Sweat weight reduction” (SWR) test was performed for Example H29 using a test panel of 33 female volunteers and a method analogous to that used in the test described above. A SWR result of 29% was obtained after 48 hours, this result being significantly different to that from the Control at the 95% level. This represents a good result for a water-in-oil emulsion AP aerosol. It is also noteworthy that this result is better than that found for Example A491 after 48 hours. This is presumed to be due to the lower level of emulsifier in Example H29, although there was a procedural difference between the SWR test on Example A491 and that on Example H29, making this a less than perfect comparison. The 0.4% emulsifier in Example H29 equates to an emulsifier to aqueous phase ratio of 2.4: 97.6.
Sensory tests were also performed on selected compositions according to the invention. Two compositions not according to the invention were also involved in these tests and these are detailed in Table 3. The Control composition indicated was a suspension antiperspirant aerosol composition having excellent skin care credentials, resulting from no less than four skin benefit oils present therein.
Table 3
A first sensory test was performed using Examples F54 and G60 from Table 2 and the Control composition from Table 3. The results are shown in Tables 4 to 6.
The test was a single centre, balanced incomplete block design, randomised, doubleblind axillary study with three study products conducted with healthy females aged 18-65. The study was divided into two cohorts of subjects staggered by 8 days and consisted of two phases: Provocation and Recovery.
During the Provocation phase (days 1 to 7) 67 subjects (split across 2 cohorts) provoked irritation in the axilla by daily shaving, using a razor and unperfumed soap, and exaggerated use of an antiperspirant roll-on composition (’’ProCom” in Table 2) four times daily (recommended dose 250 mg per application). During this phase, underarm washing
was restricted to twice daily (once each morning and once each evening) just prior to the first and fourth product applications each day, except on test centre visits when subjects washed at home at least 2 hours before their appointment and applied their first application supervised on-site.
An Expert Assessor visually assessed erythema and dryness at Days 1 , 3 and 6 and subjects were asked to change their application or shaving habits depending on their individual skin response, in order to generate a sufficient and acceptable level of irritation.
Subjects who achieved an acceptable level of irritation proceeded to the Recovery phase (days 8 to 15). Subjects applied two of the three test products (one to each axilla according to the randomisation) twice daily (target dose 2 sec. per application (expected dose was 1.5-1.7 g for F54 and G60 and 1.8-2.0 g for the Control). Subjects limited their shaving to three times during the week (on the evenings of Days 8, 11 and 13), 36 (+/- 4) hours prior to their next visit. The Expert Assessor visually assessed dryness and erythema at all visit days (Days 1 , 3, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15). The results from days 10, 13 and 15 are summarised in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. During this phase underarm washing was restricted to once daily only - each morning just prior to the first product application of the day (except on test centre visits when subjects washed at home at least 2 hours before their appointment and applied their first application supervised on-site). On days when subjects shave (8, 11 & 13) they washed twice, with the second wash being conducted at the same time as the evening shave.
In this study the assessment of visual skin dryness was performed according to the Clinical Guideline for Visual Dryness Assessment (GD-CP-010, V1 15th February 2019); however, the 20-minute acclimatisation period prior to assessment required by the guideline was not implemented in this study.
In addition to the visual assessments, instrumental measurements of underarm skin hydration were recorded at baseline (Day 1), at the end provocation/start of recovery (Day 8) and at the end of recovery (Day 15) using a Courage and Khazaka Multi- Probe Adaptor Corneometer, MPA 6. The Day 15 results are presented in Table 5. Measurements were made in the fossa and the vault. Combined results for fossa and vault are also presented.
These results shown in Table 4 are indicative of reduced visual dryness following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples F54 and G60 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control. In addition, Example G60 showed significantly less dryness on days 10 and 13 compared with the Control at a greater than 95% level of confidence.
* Derived by correcting raw data measurements for differing levels of visual dryness after the provocation stage, i.e. “baseline adjusted”. This allows for a more robust statistical analysis of the data and better comparison between product performances.
These results shown in Table 5 are indicative of reduced visual erythema following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples F54 and G60 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control. In addition, Example G60 showed significantly less dryness on day 15 compared with the Control at a greater than 95% level of confidence, with the performance baseline adjusted as described above.
Table 5: Visual Erythema Results
The results in Table 6 (below) are indicative of increased skin hydration following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples F54 and G60 are higher than the corresponding result for the Control at a >95% level of significance, with the performance baseline adjusted as described above.
Table 6: Hydration Results on Day 15
A second sensory test was performed using Examples B81 and N80 from Table 2 and the Control composition from Table 3. The results are shown in Tables 7 to 10. The protocol for the second sensory test was the same as that for the first sensory test described above, mutatis mutandis and with the addition of a visual irritation assessment, made by an Expert Assessor.
The results in Table 7 are indicative of reduced visual dryness following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control.
The results in Table 8 (see below) are indicative of reduced visual erythema following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control.
Table 8: Visual Erythema Results
The results in Table 9 (see below) are indicative of reduced visual irritation following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically less than the corresponding result for the Control.
Table 9: Visual Irritation Results
The results in Table 10 (see below) are indicative of increased skin hydration following application of compositions of the invention, compared with application of the Control; all six results for Examples B81 and N80 are numerically higher than the corresponding result for the Control.
Table 10: Hydration Results on Day 15
Further Examples of base compositions are detailed detail in Table 11. The mixture of ASCH, calcium chloride, glycine and water used was as in the previous examples. These Examples were placed on storage at 25°C and 45°C and their stability monitored for up to 28 days - results are given at the bottom of the Table. Please note that the DC5225C used in Example 2 was a 12.5% dispersion of PEG/PPG- 18/18 dimethicone in cyclopentasiloxane, so the 12.5% level indicated equated to 1.56% emulsifier and 10.94% cyclopentasiloxane. Also, the Dowsil™ ES-5227 used in Examples 3-5 was a 25% dispersion of PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone in dimethicone, so the actual levels of emulsifier in these Examples was only a quarter of that indicated in the Table.
Table 11: Water-in-Oil Antiperspirant Aerosol Base Compositions
1. Stable for 28 days+ (test duration). 2. Phase separation within 1 day.
3. Stable after 1+ days, but slowly separated over subsequent days.
The results in Table 11 suggest that Dowsil™ ES-5612 and Dowsil™ ES-5227 are superior emulsifiers to DC5225C in emulsions of this type. With the Dowsil™ ES-5227 and DC5225C emulsifier raw materials delivering essentially the same level of the same emulsifier (PEG/PPG-18/18 dimethicone), the comparison between Example 2 and Example 4 supports the proposal that the superior stability of Example 4 may be related to its lack of cyclopentasiloxane, although it must be recognised that there are other differences between these Examples.
In addition, Dowsil™ ES-5612 appears to be a superior emulsifier to Dowsil™ ES-5227 (compare Examples 5 and 6 [20% glycerol] stability at 25°C and compare Examples 1 and 3 [10% glycerol] stability at 45°C). Further Examples are detailed in Table 12. These aerosol base compositions were of acceptable stability and were capable of being formulated into an antiperspirant aerosol with CAP 40 at a base to propellant ratio of 10: 90 or 20: 80. These Examples were prepared in an analogous manner to those described above. Table 12: Water-in-Oil Antiperspirant Aerosol Base Compositions
Claims
1. An emulsion antiperspirant aerosol composition comprising:
(i) an aqueous disperse phase comprising an aluminium-containing antiperspirant active and at least 10% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420;
(ii) an oily continuous phase comprising at least 25% by weight of linear dimethicone fluid;
(iii) a silicone-based emulsifier; and
(iv) a volatile propellant; wherein the aqueous disperse phase comprises at least 50% by weight of the total composition, excluding any propellant present in the composition.
2. An antiperspirant composition according to claim 1, characterised in that the aqueous disperse phase of the emulsion comprises at least 20% by weight of a humectant selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG oligomers of weight average molecular weight of from 180 to 420.
3. An antiperspirant composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising a water-soluble calcium salt and an amino acid.
4. An antiperspirant composition according to claim 3, wherein the water-soluble calcium salt is calcium chloride and the amino acid is glycine
5. A composition according to claiml or claim 2, wherein the aluminium-containing antiperspirant active is of formula AI2OH4.7CI1.3 to AI2OH4.9CI1.1.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aluminium-containing antiperspirant active has a Band III content measured by SEC of greater than 30%.
7. A composition according to any one of preceding claims, wherein the volatile propellant is a liquified gas.
A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the antiperspirant active is heated with a water-soluble calcium salt and glycine to achieve activation. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of antiperspirant active to humectant is from 1 : 4 to 4: 1. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, being free of cyclomethicone, especially cyclopentasiloxane. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the oily continuous phase comprising at least 50% by weight of linear dimethicone fluid. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a PEG- dimethicone, PPG-dimethicone, or PEG/PPG- dimethicone copolymer as an emulsifier. A composition according to claim 13, comprising PEG-10 dimethicone as an emulsifier. A method of attaining an antiperspirant benefit comprising the topical application to the surface of the human body of a composition according to any of claims 1
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