WO2024068258A1 - Demi-ponts à diodes pour décharger un potentiel hv dans une ligne lv vers un limiteur de surtension - Google Patents

Demi-ponts à diodes pour décharger un potentiel hv dans une ligne lv vers un limiteur de surtension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024068258A1
WO2024068258A1 PCT/EP2023/074989 EP2023074989W WO2024068258A1 WO 2024068258 A1 WO2024068258 A1 WO 2024068258A1 EP 2023074989 W EP2023074989 W EP 2023074989W WO 2024068258 A1 WO2024068258 A1 WO 2024068258A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
low
potential
diode half
bridges
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/074989
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Franz Pfeilschifter
Doru CIUPA
Aliaksandr MALASNOU
Original Assignee
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102022211119.2A external-priority patent/DE102022211119A1/de
Application filed by Vitesco Technologies GmbH filed Critical Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Publication of WO2024068258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024068258A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current

Definitions

  • Diode half bridges for dissipating the HV potential of an LV line to limit overvoltage
  • Electric vehicles are operated with high voltages that are dangerous for humans. Electric vehicles also contain control or sensor signals or low-voltage supply signals that, in contrast to high-voltage potentials, are not particularly protected.
  • a safety circuit is proposed in which low-voltage potentials that extend from a high-voltage range are particularly protected. Since low-voltage signals also play a role in a high-voltage area with high potentials, for example for control or for sensors or generally for communication, it was recognized that such low-voltage potentials acquire a high-voltage potential in the event of a fault within the high-voltage area. Since the low-voltage potentials or low-voltage lines in particular are not particularly protected, this represents a relevant danger.
  • At least one low-voltage potential via at least one diode half-bridge to an overvoltage element, which leads to a protective conductor connection or protective conductor potential.
  • This allows corresponding protection to be implemented with a small number of overvoltage elements, for example just one.
  • a first low-voltage potential can be connected via a first diode half-bridge to the same overvoltage element to which a second low-voltage potential is also connected via a second diode half-bridge.
  • the at least one low-voltage potential can in particular be a CAN bus signal or another communication signal, or also a sensor, monitoring or control signal.
  • the overvoltage element is an element whose conductance increases sharply above a threshold voltage.
  • the overvoltage element can be implemented as a varistor, gas discharge tube, spark gap, protective diode, TVS diode, thyristor circuit, DIAC, Zener diode or four-layer diode.
  • a safety circuit is intended for one or more low-voltage potentials that lead out of a high-voltage range.
  • the safety circuit has at least one low-voltage potential connection.
  • the fuse circuit also has one or more diode half bridges. The inner connection point of the at least one diode half bridge is connected to the at least one low-voltage potential connection.
  • the fuse circuit has an overvoltage element. This is connected in parallel to the diode bridge. This results in a parallel connection of the overvoltage element and the at least one diode bridge. If there are several diode bridges, they are connected to each other in parallel; the overvoltage element is connected in parallel. This results in a parallel connection of the overvoltage element and the several diode bridges.
  • the overvoltage element connects the first and second outer ends of the at least one diode half bridge to one another.
  • the first outer end of the diode half-bridge (in particular the negative end of the half-bridge or the positive end) is connected to the reference potential via a resistor.
  • the diodes of the at least diode half bridge are connected to one another in the same forward direction.
  • the forward direction of the diodes points in particular away from the first end.
  • the forward direction of the diodes points in particular towards the second end.
  • the safety circuit can have several diode half-bridges. These are connected in parallel via their first and second outer ends.
  • the overvoltage element is connected in parallel to the parallel connection of the diode half-bridges.
  • the resistor connects the interconnected first ends of the diode half bridges together with the reference potential (GND).
  • the fuse circuit is equipped with a first low-voltage potential connection and a second low-voltage potential connection (and optionally with at least one further low-voltage potential connection).
  • the number of diode half-bridges corresponds in particular to the number of low-voltage potential connections, so that each diode half-bridge is individually connected to one of the low-voltage potential connections.
  • the fuse circuit can be equipped with a first diode half-bridge and a second diode half-bridge, the outer ends of the diode half-bridges being connected to one another.
  • the inner connection point of the first diode half bridge is preferably connected to the first low-voltage potential connection.
  • the inner connection point of the second diode half bridge is preferably connected to the second low-voltage potential connection.
  • Embodiments of a safety circuit for (one or) several low-voltage potentials that lead out of a high-voltage range are proposed.
  • the high-voltage area is in particular a closed or all-round high-voltage area or a closed space from which the low-voltage potentials lead out, for example as a low-voltage cable, for example a communication bus.
  • One or at least two low-voltage potential connections are provided.
  • One or more diode half bridges are provided. The inner connection points of this bridge(s) is (are) connected to a low-voltage potential connection or to different low-voltage potential connections of the at least one low-voltage potential connection.
  • Each diode half bridge has a series connection of two diodes.
  • the fuse circuit has an overvoltage element.
  • the overvoltage element connects several outer ends of the diode half-bridges, in particular an outer end of a first diode half-bridge and an outer end of a second diode half-bridge, with a protective conductor connection of the fuse circuit.
  • the other outer end of the first diode half-bridge and the other outer end of the second diode half-bridge are connected to each other. These other outer ends are connected to the other end of the surge element. These other ends are connected directly or indirectly (via the resistor) to the protective conductor connection of the fuse circuit.
  • the different outer ends of the diode half bridge are connected to different ends of the surge element.
  • the outer ends of the diode half-bridges are connected to the protective conductor connection via a resistor.
  • the resistor is a current-limiting resistor.
  • the safety circuit can have a first low-voltage potential connection and a second low-voltage potential connection. These in particular form the several low-voltage potential connections or are part of them.
  • the circuit has a first diode half-bridge and a second diode half-bridge. The outer ends of the diode half bridges are connected to each other. The inner connection point of the first diode half bridge is connected to the first low-voltage potential connection. The inner connection point of the second diode half bridge is connected to the second low-voltage potential connection.
  • the overvoltage element connects the outer ends of the diode half-bridges to each other, in particular directly or via a possibly additional current limiting resistor.
  • An outer end of the diode half-bridges is connected to a reference potential (alternative term: protective conductor connection) via a resistor in the circuit.
  • the resistors or current-limiting resistors mentioned here are each designed as a single resistance component or as a series connection of several resistance components.
  • the outer ends of the several diode half-bridges can be connected to at least one low-voltage supply potential connection via at least one further overvoltage element.
  • the at least A low-voltage supply potential connection can comprise a low-voltage positive line (switched or unswitched) of a low-voltage vehicle electrical system.
  • the at least one low-voltage supply potential connection can comprise a low-voltage negative line (switched or unswitched) of a low-voltage vehicle electrical system.
  • the low-voltage vehicle electrical system can be a 12 V, 13 V, 14 V or 24 or 42 or 48 V network.
  • the high-voltage range includes at least one circuit with a nominal voltage of more than 60 V, at least 200 V, at least 400 V or at least 800 V.
  • the safety circuit is equipped with at least two diode half-bridges. These are preferably connected to one another as a Graetz circuit (another name: bridge rectifier, such as B2 or B2U).
  • the two AC voltage connections of the Graetz circuit are connected in particular to two of the low-voltage potentials.
  • the two DC voltage connections of the Graetz circuit are preferably connected to one another via the overvoltage element.
  • the Graetz circuit has two DC voltage connections and two AC voltage connections.
  • the negative connection of the DC voltage connections of the Graetz circuit is preferably connected to the protective conductor connection directly or via a resistor.
  • the positive connection of the DC voltage connections of the Graetz circuit is preferably connected to the overvoltage element.
  • the positive connection of the DC voltage connections of the Graetz circuit is preferably connected to the end of the overvoltage element that is opposite to the end of the overvoltage element, which is connected directly or via a resistor to the protective conductor connection.
  • the safety circuit is set up to dissipate a current to the protective conductor connection via the overvoltage element when each of the two high-voltage potentials is introduced into at least one of the low-voltage potentials.
  • Both an incorrect feed of a first high-voltage potential into a first of the low-voltage potentials and into a second of the low-voltage potentials as well as an incorrect feed of a second high-voltage potential into a first of the low-voltage potentials and an incorrect feed of a second high-voltage potential into a second of the low-voltage potentials leads to the derivation of a current the overvoltage element.
  • a vehicle electrical system can be equipped with a high-voltage area and a fuse circuit as described herein.
  • the low-voltage potentials of the safety circuit are taken out of the high-voltage range (HV).
  • the vehicle electrical system has protective conductor potential. This is connected to the protective conductor connection.
  • Two high-voltage potentials of the vehicle electrical system are galvanically separated from the low-voltage potentials, for example using optocouplers or isolating transformers or similar.
  • the safety circuit is set up to dissipate a current to the protective conductor connection via the overvoltage element when each of the two high-voltage potentials is introduced into at least one of the low-voltage potentials. This corresponds in particular to the advantages mentioned above and also forms a functional feature that is realized in particular by the diode half-bridge and its connection to the overvoltage element.
  • the low-voltage potentials are preferably low-voltage signal potentials, such as a two-wire data transmission connection (with symmetrical or asymmetrical signal routing).
  • the low-voltage signal potentials are designed to transmit information, in particular control signals, monitoring signals, sensor signals and the like.
  • the low-voltage potentials can be low-voltage supply potentials (such as +12 V or +5 V and ground).
  • FIG. 1 serves to explain the embodiments described herein.
  • Figure 1 shows a high-voltage range HV with a positive and a negative high-voltage potential HV+, HV-.
  • Capacitors C1, C2 are provided between these, which in particular represent Cy capacitances.
  • the capacitors C1, C2 are connected to one another via a connection point VP, which in turn is connected to the protective conductor potential GND.
  • the protective conductor potential GND can correspond to a vehicle ground or chassis potential.
  • a low-voltage component NV or a low-voltage section is provided, such as a control, monitoring or sensor component.
  • Two conductors extend from this, such as the low-voltage conductors of a (two-wire) cable, which carry low-voltage potentials NV1, NV2.
  • the low-voltage conductors and thus their potentials are led out of the closed high-voltage area HV, especially for communication between the component NV and a component that is outside the high-voltage range HV.
  • At least one of the low-voltage conductors can carry a high-voltage potential or at least a potential whose voltage is compared to. GND is greater than the relevant voltage in normal operation of the low-voltage conductors or potentials.
  • the low-voltage potentials NV1, NV2 are led out of the high-voltage HV area, for example through a housing that completely encloses the high-voltage HV area (possibly with a closable opening for maintenance in the high-voltage HV area).
  • Component NV can in particular be a transmission component that is designed according to the CAN communication protocol.
  • the first diode half-bridge B1 has a connection point between the two diodes, which is connected to a first low-voltage connection 1.
  • the second diode half-bridge B1 has a connection point between the two diodes, which is connected to a second low-voltage connection 2.
  • the first low-voltage connection 1 is connected to the low-voltage potential NV1 or its conductor.
  • the second low-voltage connection 2 is connected to the low-voltage potential NV2 or its conductor.
  • the respective outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 are connected together so that the diode half-bridges B1, B2 form a Graetz bridge.
  • Connections 1 and 2 are connected to the AC side of the Graetz bridge.
  • the upper, outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 correspond to a positive connection of the DC side of the Graetz bridge.
  • the lower, outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 correspond to a negative connection of the DC side of the Graetz bridge.
  • Embodiments with only one diode half-bridge B1 can be explained using Fig. 1 by deleting the bridge B2.
  • the second low-voltage connection 2 is to be deleted from Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 which shows several diode half-bridges B1, B2, the upper, outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 are connected to a first end of a voltage limiting element (overvoltage element) V1.
  • the lower, outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 are connected to a second end of the overvoltage element V1.
  • the lower, outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 are connected to the potential GND (low-voltage ground or chassis) via a resistor R. Via this resistor R, HV potentials HV+, HV- incorrectly introduced into the potentials NV1, 2 are diverted to the potential GND, regardless of the polarity of the introduced HV potential. Therefore, only one overvoltage element V1 is needed.
  • a further, optional derivative AB leads the potential of the lower, outer ends of the diode half-bridges B1, B2 (minus connection of the Graetz bridge) via further, optional overvoltage elements V2 - V4 to respective further low-voltage potentials CL30, SD or X.
  • CL30 is approximately a plus potential of a low-voltage electrical system section. This includes in particular the low-voltage component NV and also the lines/potentials NV1, NV2.
  • the threshold voltage of the overvoltage element V1 (or V2 - V4) is above a maximum voltage that can occur during operation between the potentials NV1, 2 and is determined by the transmission protocol (physical layer) of the component NV.
  • the threshold voltage of the overvoltage element V1 (or V2 - V4) is in particular below the nominal voltage between HV+ and HV- and preferably below a danger threshold, in particular 60 V.
  • the threshold voltage of the overvoltage element V1 (or V2 - V4) can be between 10 V and 50 V, in particular between 35 V and 45 V.
  • a device can be provided which can detect a current flow through the resistor R or through the element V1.
  • An evaluation device can be provided which compares the current flow with a limit value (approximately 1 mA or 10 pA) and, if the limit value is exceeded, emits an error signal and/or causes the HV network to be disconnected, for example by activating a circuit breaker in the HV range or in a line that carries at least one of the potentials HV+, HV- and, if necessary, separates the HV area with other components or connections of the vehicle electrical system shown when activated (preferably all-pole).
  • a discharge of the capacitor C1 would lead via the potential NV1 via the upper, left diode, along the overvoltage element from top to bottom to the resistor R, in order to be derived to the potential GND.
  • a discharge of the capacitor C2 via potential/line NV2 would lead to a (negative) current that leads via HV- to potential NV2, and then is discharged via the lower right diode to resistor R, which feeds the current into the potential GND.
  • the discharge would be current-limited by resistor R, even if the overvoltage element V1 is not activated.
  • the discharge of C1 via would lead via the overvoltage element V1 (as well as via the current-limiting resistor R) and thus activate it. This also allows an incorrect discharge of the capacitors C1, C2 to be current-limited and in particular to be discharged to potential GND.
  • a communication connection can be provided at the ends shown on the right (opposite to NV) of the lines NV1, NV2 or their potentials, such as a two-wire communication connection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un circuit de sécurité (SI) qui est proposé pour un ou plusieurs potentiels basse tension (NV1, NV2) qui sortent d'une zone haute tension (HV). Au moins deux bornes de potentiel basse tension (1, 2) et plusieurs demi-ponts à diodes (B1, B2) sont prévus. Les points de connexion internes des demi-ponts à diodes (B1, B2) sont connectés à différentes bornes de potentiel basse tension (1, 2) parmi lesdites bornes de potentiel basse tension (1, 2). Le circuit de sécurité (SI) comprend un élément de surtension (V1) qui relie plusieurs extrémités externes des demi-ponts à diodes (B1, B2) à une borne du conducteur de terre de protection (GND) du circuit de sécurité (SI). L'invention concerne également un système électrique embarqué de véhicule qui comprend le circuit de sécurité (SI).
PCT/EP2023/074989 2022-09-30 2023-09-12 Demi-ponts à diodes pour décharger un potentiel hv dans une ligne lv vers un limiteur de surtension WO2024068258A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22465556.3 2022-09-30
EP22465556 2022-09-30
DE102022211119.2A DE102022211119A1 (de) 2022-09-30 2022-10-20 Dioden-Halbbrücken zur Abführung von HV-Potential einer LV-Leitung an Überspannungsbegrenzung
DE102022211119.2 2022-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024068258A1 true WO2024068258A1 (fr) 2024-04-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2023/074989 WO2024068258A1 (fr) 2022-09-30 2023-09-12 Demi-ponts à diodes pour décharger un potentiel hv dans une ligne lv vers un limiteur de surtension

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Country Link
WO (1) WO2024068258A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050078427A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2005-04-14 National Instruments Corporation Protection circuit for general-purpose digital I/O lines
US9472950B2 (en) * 2011-04-11 2016-10-18 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Protection circuit of power over ethernet port and ethernet power-sourcing equipment
DE102020207878B3 (de) * 2020-06-25 2021-08-19 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Isolationsfehlers in einem Fahrzeugbordnetz und Fahrzeug-Überspannungsschutzschaltung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050078427A1 (en) * 2004-08-16 2005-04-14 National Instruments Corporation Protection circuit for general-purpose digital I/O lines
US9472950B2 (en) * 2011-04-11 2016-10-18 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Protection circuit of power over ethernet port and ethernet power-sourcing equipment
DE102020207878B3 (de) * 2020-06-25 2021-08-19 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Isolationsfehlers in einem Fahrzeugbordnetz und Fahrzeug-Überspannungsschutzschaltung

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