WO2024068066A1 - Convertisseur cc/cc, véhicule électrique et procédé pour faire fonctionner un convertisseur cc/cc - Google Patents

Convertisseur cc/cc, véhicule électrique et procédé pour faire fonctionner un convertisseur cc/cc Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024068066A1
WO2024068066A1 PCT/EP2023/068021 EP2023068021W WO2024068066A1 WO 2024068066 A1 WO2024068066 A1 WO 2024068066A1 EP 2023068021 W EP2023068021 W EP 2023068021W WO 2024068066 A1 WO2024068066 A1 WO 2024068066A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
voltage connection
converter
connection
bridge circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/068021
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jian Tian
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2024068066A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024068066A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H02M3/015—Resonant DC/DC converters with means for adaptation of resonance frequency, e.g. by modification of capacitance or inductance of resonance circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a DC-DC converter and an electric vehicle with such a DC-DC converter.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating a DC-DC converter.
  • the present invention particularly relates to a DC-DC converter with three DC voltage connections.
  • An electrical system of a vehicle that is fully or at least partially electrically powered usually comprises a high-voltage network and a low-voltage network.
  • the high-voltage network usually has a direct current in the range of a few hundred volts.
  • the low-voltage network usually has a significantly lower direct current, for example in the range of 12 to 14, 24 or 48 volts.
  • An electric drive system of such a vehicle and possibly other consumers with high power consumption are usually powered by the high-voltage network.
  • the low-voltage network usually supplies consumers such as lighting, control units, brake and steering actuators or an entertainment system in the vehicle.
  • the high-voltage network and the low-voltage network can be coupled to one another, for example, using a DC-DC converter.
  • a DC-DC converter electrical energy can be exchanged between the high-voltage network and the low-voltage network.
  • electrical consumers in the low-voltage network can be supplied with electrical energy from a traction battery in the high-voltage network.
  • the publication DE 10 2014210 283 A1 describes a method for operating a vehicle electrical system with at least two voltage levels, which have different nominal voltages.
  • a further voltage converter can be provided in such an electric vehicle, which converts an electrical voltage at the charging connection of the vehicle into a direct voltage that is suitable for charging the traction battery of the electric vehicle.
  • the present invention provides a DC-DC converter, an electric vehicle and a method for operating a DC-DC converter having the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the transformer includes a primary winding, a first secondary winding and a second secondary winding.
  • the first H-bridge circuit is connected to a first DC voltage connection at the external connections of the first H-bridge circuit. Furthermore, the first H-bridge circuit is electrically coupled to the primary winding of the transformer at center connections of the first H-bridge circuit.
  • the second H-bridge circuit is connected to a second DC voltage connection at external connections of the second H-bridge circuit. Furthermore, the second H-bridge circuit is electrically coupled to the first secondary winding of the transformer at center connections of the second H-bridge circuit.
  • the third H-bridge circuit is connected to a third DC voltage connection at external connections of the third H-bridge circuit. Furthermore, the third H- Bridge circuit electrically coupled to the middle terminals of the third H-bridge circuit with the second secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the first resonant circuit is electrically arranged between the center connections of the first H-bridge circuit and the primary winding of the transformer.
  • the inductance is electrically arranged between the center connection of the third H-bridge circuit and the second secondary winding of the transformer.
  • An electric vehicle with a high-voltage electrical system, a low-voltage electrical system and a DC-DC converter according to the invention.
  • the second DC voltage connection of the DC-DC converter is electrically coupled to the high-voltage electrical system of the electric vehicle.
  • the third DC voltage connection of the DC-DC converter is electrically coupled to the low-voltage electrical system of the electric vehicle.
  • a method for operating a DC-DC converter according to the invention To operate the DC-DC converter, one of the following steps can be carried out:
  • the direct electrical voltage at the third direct voltage connection is smaller than the direct electrical voltage at the second direct voltage connection.
  • the present invention is based on the knowledge that in electric vehicles, on the one hand, energy is exchanged between the high-voltage network and the low-voltage network by means of a DC-DC converter and, in addition, a further voltage converter is also provided between a charging connection and the vehicle electrical system, in particular the high-voltage electrical system.
  • the voltage converters make it possible to adjust the voltage level during voltage conversion and also to implement galvanic isolation.
  • the use of at least two separate voltage converters requires a lot of hardware and therefore correspondingly high costs.
  • a DC-DC converter which has three DC voltage connections.
  • the DC-DC converter can be operated in different operating modes. Depending on the operating mode, electrical energy can be exchanged between the individual DC voltage connections.
  • the proposed DC voltage converter comprises at least one oscillating circuit.
  • the DC voltage converter can be operated in a resonant operating mode.
  • the DC voltage converter can be excited internally with a frequency that is matched to the resonant frequency of the oscillating circuit. By adjusting the excitation frequency and/or setting an electrical phase within the DC voltage converter, the energy transfer between the individual DC voltage connections can be regulated.
  • resonant operating modes which, as already mentioned above, can be tuned to the resonance frequency of a resonant circuit in the DC-DC converter
  • one or more operating modes are also possible in the DC-DC converter, in which the DC-DC converter is operated as a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter.
  • DAB Dual Active Bridge
  • the H-bridge circuits between the respective DC voltage connections and the primary or secondary windings of the transformer each comprise two half-bridges.
  • Each half-bridge comprises two semiconductor switching elements connected in series.
  • the semiconductor switching elements can be, for example, MOSFETs or bipolar transistors with an insulated gate connection (IGBT).
  • the two semiconductor switching elements of a half-bridge are each electrically connected to one another at a center connection.
  • the other connections of the semiconductor switching elements are electrically connected as external connections to connection points of the corresponding DC voltage connection.
  • the individual switching elements of the H-bridge circuits can be controlled by a control device via suitable driver stages. In this way, the energy flow through the DC-DC converter can be controlled as desired.
  • the DC-DC converter comprises a switching element.
  • This switching element is arranged electrically parallel to the inductance on the second secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the switching element is thus arranged analogously to the inductance between a center connection of the third H-bridge circuit and the second secondary winding of the transformer. By closing this switching element, the inductance can be short-circuited or bridged.
  • the inductive properties of this inductance can thus be specifically activated or deactivated depending on the switching state of the switching element.
  • the inductance is integrated in the transformer between one of the center terminals of the third H-bridge circuit and the second secondary winding of the transformer. In this way, a particularly compact design can be realized.
  • the DC-DC converter comprises a second resonant circuit.
  • the second resonant circuit can, analogous to the first resonant circuit, comprise a capacitor and a coil.
  • the second resonant circuit of the DC-DC converter can be electrically arranged between the center connections of the second H-bridge circuit and the first secondary winding of the transformer. In this way, the second resonant circuit can also be used for resonant operating modes of the DC-DC converter.
  • the first H-bridge circuit, the second H-bridge circuit and the third H-bridge circuit each comprise four semiconductor switching elements.
  • Each of the H-bridge circuits can be realized in particular from two half-bridges arranged in parallel.
  • each of the three H-bridge circuits can be realized from a first semiconductor switching element which is arranged between a first outer terminal and a first center terminal, a second semiconductor switching element which between the first external terminal and a second center terminal, a third semiconductor switching element which is arranged between a second external terminal and the first center terminal, and a fourth semiconductor switching element which is arranged between the second external terminal and the second center terminal.
  • the two external terminals can also be electrically connected to corresponding connection points of the respective DC voltage terminals.
  • the DC-DC converter comprises a control device.
  • the control device is designed to control the semiconductor switching elements of the first H-bridge circuit, the second H-bridge circuit and the third H-bridge circuit.
  • the control device can be designed to adapt, in a resonant operation, a frequency and/or a phase of an electrical alternating voltage occurring at the primary winding and/or one of the secondary windings.
  • the control device can be designed to control the semiconductor switching elements in a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) mode for electrical energy transfer between the DC voltage connections.
  • DAB Dual Active Bridge
  • the DC-DC converter is designed to transmit electrical energy from the first DC voltage connection to the second DC voltage connection in a first operating mode.
  • the energy transfer can take place in a resonant operating mode.
  • a frequency and/or phase of an electrical voltage in the DC-DC converter can take place taking into account the resonance frequency of the first oscillating circuit and/or the second oscillating circuit.
  • a frequency that deviates slightly from the resonance frequency can be selected as the operating/excitation frequency.
  • a frequency can be selected that is slightly above the resonance frequency of the oscillating circuit.
  • the DC-DC converter can also be designed to transmit electrical energy from the second DC voltage connection to the third DC voltage connection in a second operating mode.
  • the DC-DC converter comprises a second oscillating circuit, this can be done in a resonant operating mode.
  • the energy transfer in the second operating mode can also take place in a DAB mode.
  • the DC-DC converter can be designed to transfer electrical energy from the third DC voltage connection to the second DC voltage connection in a third operating mode. This can take place in particular in a DAB mode.
  • the DC-DC converter can be designed to transfer electrical energy from the second DC voltage connection to the first DC voltage connection and to the third DC voltage connection in a fourth operating mode.
  • a resonant operating mode can be used here if a second resonant circuit is present.
  • a DAB mode is also possible for the energy transfer from the second DC voltage connection to the first and third DC voltage connections.
  • the DC-DC converter can be designed to transfer electrical energy from the second DC voltage connection to the first DC voltage connection in a fifth operating mode.
  • a resonant operating mode can also be provided here if necessary.
  • the DC-DC converter can be designed to transmit electrical energy from the third DC voltage connection to the first DC voltage connection in a sixth operating mode.
  • a DAB mode can be provided here.
  • the voltage level of the electrical DC voltage at the third DC voltage connection is generally lower than an electrical DC voltage at the second DC voltage connection.
  • the second DC voltage connection can be designed to be connected to a high-voltage electrical system of an electric vehicle.
  • the third DC voltage connection can be designed to be connected to a low-voltage electrical system of an electric vehicle.
  • the first DC voltage connection can be designed to be connected, for example, to a charging connection of an electric vehicle. If necessary, a rectifier circuit can be provided at the charging connection, which converts an electrical alternating voltage provided at the charging connection into a direct voltage.
  • Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a basic circuit diagram of a rectifier according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a basic circuit diagram of a rectifier according to a further embodiment.
  • Fig. 4 a flow chart underlying a method for operating a rectifier according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a basic circuit diagram of a rectifier 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the rectifier includes three DC voltage connections Gl, G2 and G3.
  • the first DC voltage connection Gl can be coupled to a charging connection of an electric vehicle.
  • a rectifier 100 can be provided between the charging connection of the electric vehicle and the DC voltage connection G1.
  • one provided at the charging port can also be used AC voltage can be converted into a DC voltage, which can be provided at the first DC voltage connection Gl.
  • a DC voltage can also be provided at the charging port of the electric vehicle, which can then optionally be provided at the first DC voltage port G1 via further components, such as a circuit breaker or the like.
  • the second DC voltage connection G2 can be coupled, for example, to a high-voltage network 200 of an electric vehicle.
  • This high-voltage network 200 can include, for example, a traction battery, an electric drive system and, if necessary, other electrical consumers.
  • the third DC voltage connection G3 can be connected, for example, to a low-voltage electrical system 300 of an electric vehicle.
  • electrical consumers such as sensors, actuators, control devices, an entertainment system or any other components, for example for comfort functions or the like of a vehicle, can be provided.
  • an electric battery can also be provided in this low-voltage electrical system 300.
  • the high-voltage electrical system 200 can, for example, have a voltage in the range of several hundred volts, for example 400 V or 800 V.
  • the low-voltage electrical system 300 can have a significantly lower voltage, for example a voltage in the range of 12 to 14 V, 24 V or 48 V.
  • the rectifier 1 is designed to exchange electrical energy between the DC voltage connections Gl, G2 and G3. As will be explained in more detail below, the electrical energy can be exchanged in almost any configuration between the individual DC voltage connections Gl to G3.
  • the DC-DC converter 1 on the one hand, enables galvanic isolation between the DC voltage connections Gl, G2 and G3, and on the other hand also adapts the voltage level in accordance with the voltage level at the DC voltage connections Gl, G2 and G3.
  • the DC-DC converter 1 comprises a transformer TR.
  • Transformer includes a primary winding 11 and a first secondary winding 12 and a second secondary winding 13. Furthermore, the rectifier 1 comprises a first half-bridge circuit Hl, a second half-bridge circuit H2 and a third half-bridge circuit H3. The detailed structure of these half-bridge circuits H1 to H3 will be explained in more detail below.
  • a first external connection Al of the first half-bridge circuit Hl is connected to a first connection point of the first DC voltage connection Gl.
  • a second external connection A2 of the first half-bridge circuit Hl is connected to a second connection point of the first DC voltage connection Gl.
  • the two center connections Ml, M2 of the first half bridge Hl are connected to the connections of the primary winding 11 of the transformer TR via a first resonant circuit S1.
  • the resonant circuit S1 can, for example, comprise a first coil or inductor II and a first capacitor or a first capacitance CI.
  • the first inductance II can be provided between the first center connection Ml of the first half bridge Hl and the first connection of the primary winding 11
  • the first capacitance CI of the first resonant circuit S1 can be provided between the second center connection M2 of the first half bridge Hl and the second connection of the first Winding 11 of the transformer TR may be arranged.
  • a series connection consisting of the first inductance II and the first capacitance CI to be arranged between a center connection Ml or M2 of the first half bridge Hl and the corresponding connection of the primary winding 11 of the transformer TR.
  • any other suitable arrangements of resonant circuits between the first half bridge H1 and the primary winding 11 of the transformer TR are also possible.
  • parasitic inductances such as the parasitic inductive properties of the primary winding 11 of the transformer TR, as an inductive component of the resonant circuit.
  • a first external connection of the second H-bridge H2 is connected to a first connection point of the second DC voltage connection G2.
  • a second external connection of the second H-bridge H2 is connected to a second connection point of the second DC voltage connection G2.
  • a first center connection of the second H-bridge H2 is connected to a first connection of the first secondary winding 12 of the transformer TR and a second center terminal of the second H-bridge H2 is connected to a second terminal of the first secondary winding 12 of the transformer TR.
  • a first external terminal of the third H-bridge H3 is connected to a first terminal of the third DC voltage terminal G3, and a second external terminal of the third H-bridge H3 is connected to a second connection point of the third DC voltage terminal G3.
  • An inductance 13 is provided between a first terminal of the second secondary winding 13 and a first center terminal of the third H-bridge H3.
  • the second terminal of the second secondary winding 13 of the transformer TR is connected to the second center terminal of the third H-bridge H3.
  • the switching elements of the H-bridges H1, H2 and H3 can be controlled in a suitable manner by means of a control device 20. In this way, the energy flow between the DC voltage connections Gl, G2 and G3 as well as the respective voltage levels of the output voltages can be controlled or regulated accordingly. If necessary, suitable sensors can be provided for this purpose (not shown), which detect the electrical voltages or currents in the DC-DC converter 1 and provide them to the control device 20.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an H-bridge circuit, for example a first H-bridge circuit H1 according to an embodiment. Since the second and third H-bridge circuits H2 and H3 can be constructed analogously, only the first H-bridge circuit Hl will be explained in more detail here.
  • a first external connection Al of the first H-bridge circuit Hl is electrically connected to a first connection point of the first DC voltage connection Gl.
  • a first switching element TI is arranged between a center connection Ml and the first external connection Al.
  • a second switching element T2 is arranged between the first external connection Al and a second center connection M2. Between the first center connection Ml and a second external connection A2, a third switching element T3 is arranged.
  • a fourth switching element T4 is arranged between the second center connection M2 and the second external connection A2.
  • the switching elements TI to T4 can be semiconductor switching elements, such as MOSFETs or bipolar transistors with an insulated gate connection (IGBT).
  • an external diode can also be provided in parallel to the switching elements TI to T4.
  • the second external connection A2 is connected to a second connection point of the DC voltage connection G2.
  • the two center connections M1 and M2 are connected to the two connections of the primary winding 11 of the transformer TR via the previously described resonant circuit S1.
  • FIG 3 shows a schematic representation of a basic circuit diagram of a DC-DC converter 1 according to an embodiment.
  • the embodiment according to Figure 3 differs from the previously described embodiment according to Figure 1 in particular in that a second resonant circuit S2 is provided between the first secondary winding 12 of the transformer TR and the second H-bridge circuit H2.
  • This second resonant circuit S2 can, for example, comprise a second capacitance C2 between a connection of the first secondary winding 12 of the transformer TR and a corresponding center connection of the second H-bridge circuit H2.
  • the second resonant circuit S2 can comprise a second inductance 12 between a connection of the first secondary winding 12 of the transformer TR and a center connection of the second H-bridge circuit H2.
  • a series connection of a second capacitance C2 and a second inductance 12 between a connection of the first secondary winding 12 of the transformer TR and a center connection of the second H-bridge circuit H2 is also possible.
  • the second inductance 12 can, for example, be another discrete inductance.
  • any other circuit arrangements for an oscillating circuit S2 are also possible, provided they make sense.
  • the rectifier 1 can also optionally have a switching element R parallel to the inductance 13 between the second secondary winding 13 and a center connection of the third H-bridge circuit H3. By connecting this switching element R in parallel to the inductance 13, the inductance 13 can be bridged and thus short-circuited when the switching element R is closed. In this way, the inductive properties of this inductance 13 are eliminated.
  • the previously described rectifier 1 can be used to exchange electrical energy between the DC voltage connections G1, G2 and G3 by means of suitable control of the switching elements in the half bridges H1, H2 and/or H3.
  • the voltage level during the DC voltage conversion can also be regulated in a suitable manner. Due to the use of the first resonant circuit S1 and possibly the second resonant circuit S2 as well as the additional inductance 13 between the second secondary winding 13 and the third H-bridge circuit H3, DC-DC converters are used in addition to conventional controls, such as those for Dual Active Bridge (DAB). resonant operating modes are also possible.
  • DAB Dual Active Bridge
  • the respective winding 11, 12, 13 of the transformer TR can be excited at a frequency that corresponds to a resonance frequency of the respective resonant circuit.
  • a frequency which deviates slightly from the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit can be selected as the excitation frequency.
  • an excitation frequency can be selected that is higher than the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit. This allows e.g.
  • the switching losses can be reduced by adjusting the excitation frequency and, if necessary, a phase shift between the alternating voltages on the primary winding 11, the first secondary winding 12 and the second secondary winding 13, the power to be transmitted and the electrical output voltage can be adjusted in a suitable manner. If a switching element R is provided in parallel to the inductance 13 between the second secondary winding 13 and the third H-bridge circuit H3, the voltage level or the power to be transmitted can also be influenced by targeted opening or closing of this switching element R.
  • Figure 4 shows a flow chart for operating a DC-DC converter 1 according to an embodiment. The method can be applied in particular to one of the DC-DC converters 1 described above.
  • control device 20 can control the switching elements in the H-bridge circuits H1, H2 and/or H3 in a suitable manner.
  • a pulse width modulated control can be carried out in order to set the desired electrical voltage in terms of amplitude, frequency and phase at the respective primary or secondary windings 11, 12, 13.
  • a first operating mode Bl electrical energy can be transmitted from the first DC voltage connection Gl to the second DC voltage connection G2.
  • a traction battery of the electric vehicle connected to the second DC voltage connection G2 can be charged by means of electrical energy provided at a charging connection of an electric vehicle.
  • electrical energy can be transmitted from the second DC voltage connection G2 to the third DC voltage connection G3.
  • a low-voltage electrical system 300 of an electric vehicle connected to the third DC voltage connection G3 can be supplied with electrical energy from the high-voltage electrical system 200.
  • a third operating mode B3 electrical energy can be transmitted from the third DC voltage connection G3 to the second DC voltage connection G2.
  • an intermediate circuit in the high-voltage vehicle electrical system 200 can be charged using electrical energy from the low-voltage vehicle electrical system 300 before a circuit breaker between the intermediate circuit and the traction battery in the high-voltage vehicle electrical system is closed.
  • electrical energy can be transmitted from the second DC voltage connection G2 to the first DC voltage connection G1 and to the third DC voltage connection G3.
  • a fifth operating mode B5 electrical energy can be transmitted from the second DC voltage connection G2 to the first DC voltage connection G1.
  • electrical energy can be transmitted from the third DC voltage terminal G3 to the first DC voltage terminal Gl.
  • a frequency can be set that is adjusted according to the resonance frequency of the respective oscillating circuit. This makes a resonant operating mode possible.
  • the control can also be carried out according to a Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter.
  • the present invention relates to a DC-DC converter with three DC voltage connections between which electrical energy can be exchanged.
  • at least one resonant circuit is provided in the DC-DC converter for resonant operation of the DC-DC converter.
  • components for resonant operation are also provided for further DC voltage connections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un convertisseur CC/CC à trois connexions de tension continue entre lesquelles l'énergie électrique peut être échangée. Au moins un circuit résonant est disposé dans le convertisseur CC/CC pour permettre un fonctionnement résonant du convertisseur CC/CC. Des composants pour un fonctionnement résonant sont également de préférence prévus pour d'autres connexions de tension continue.
PCT/EP2023/068021 2022-09-27 2023-06-30 Convertisseur cc/cc, véhicule électrique et procédé pour faire fonctionner un convertisseur cc/cc WO2024068066A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022210189.8A DE102022210189A1 (de) 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 Gleichspannungswandler, Elektrofahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gleichspannungswandlers
DE102022210189.8 2022-09-27

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WO2024068066A1 true WO2024068066A1 (fr) 2024-04-04

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014210283A1 (de) 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes und Fahrzeugbordnetz
US20180222333A1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2018-08-09 University Of Maryland Integrated dual-output grid-to-vehicle (g2v) and vehicle-to-grid (v2g) onboard charger for plug-in electric vehicles
US20200366215A1 (en) * 2018-01-29 2020-11-19 Queen's University At Kingston Resonant Power Converters and Control Methods for Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges
EP3754830A1 (fr) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-23 ACER Incorporated Dispositif d'alimentation électrique
US20210155100A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2021-05-27 University Of Maryland, College Park Vehicle on-board charger for bi-directional charging of low/high voltage batteries
WO2021210850A1 (fr) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-21 엘지이노텍 주식회사 Circuit de commutation à tension nulle et convertisseur le comprenant

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014210283A1 (de) 2014-05-30 2015-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Fahrzeugbordnetzes und Fahrzeugbordnetz
US20180222333A1 (en) * 2014-06-13 2018-08-09 University Of Maryland Integrated dual-output grid-to-vehicle (g2v) and vehicle-to-grid (v2g) onboard charger for plug-in electric vehicles
US20200366215A1 (en) * 2018-01-29 2020-11-19 Queen's University At Kingston Resonant Power Converters and Control Methods for Wide Input and Output Voltage Ranges
US20210155100A1 (en) * 2018-04-10 2021-05-27 University Of Maryland, College Park Vehicle on-board charger for bi-directional charging of low/high voltage batteries
EP3754830A1 (fr) * 2019-06-19 2020-12-23 ACER Incorporated Dispositif d'alimentation électrique
WO2021210850A1 (fr) * 2020-04-14 2021-10-21 엘지이노텍 주식회사 Circuit de commutation à tension nulle et convertisseur le comprenant
EP4138291A1 (fr) * 2020-04-14 2023-02-22 LG Innotek Co., Ltd. Circuit de commutation à tension nulle et convertisseur le comprenant

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