WO2024067634A1 - 多辐照计识别天气状态的方法和设备 - Google Patents

多辐照计识别天气状态的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024067634A1
WO2024067634A1 PCT/CN2023/121731 CN2023121731W WO2024067634A1 WO 2024067634 A1 WO2024067634 A1 WO 2024067634A1 CN 2023121731 W CN2023121731 W CN 2023121731W WO 2024067634 A1 WO2024067634 A1 WO 2024067634A1
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Prior art keywords
irradiance
slope
azimuth
deviation rate
horizontal
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PCT/CN2023/121731
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙凯
赵明
全鹏
黄国昆
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天合光能股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024067634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024067634A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of meteorology, and more specifically, to a method and device for identifying weather conditions using multiple irradiance meters.
  • photovoltaic mounting brackets can be roughly divided into fixed-angle type and tracking type. Among them, tracking brackets have been widely developed in recent years due to their advantages such as lower cost per kilowatt-hour and higher return on investment. Flat single-axis tracking brackets have the highest market share due to their simple and practical structure and obvious power generation gain.
  • the flat single-axis tracking photovoltaic system usually integrates astronomical algorithms and flat inverse tracking algorithms.
  • the astronomical algorithm refers to obtaining local longitude and latitude, time and other information based on the relationship between the sun and the earth, calculating the relative position of the sun (i.e. the incident angle of the sun's rays), and obtaining the flat single-axis theoretical tracking angle based on the principle that the smaller the angle between the component normal vector and the incident sun's rays, the higher the irradiation received by the component.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and device for determining weather conditions.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining weather conditions, comprising:
  • the weather conditions are determined according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • determining the azimuth irradiance deviation rate according to the horizontal irradiance, the first inclined plane irradiance, and the second inclined plane irradiance includes:
  • the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the first oblique surface irradiance and the second oblique surface irradiance to the horizontal irradiance is determined as the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D.
  • determining the weather state according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate includes:
  • the weather condition is cloudy and rainy.
  • the method further includes, when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, based on the horizontal irradiance and the proportion of direct irradiance within a preset range, respectively calculating the first slope theoretical irradiance and the second slope theoretical irradiance according to the slope irradiance calculation model;
  • the weather state is determined to be sunny; and when the actual azimuth irradiance deviation rate Dactual is less than or equal to the theoretical azimuth irradiance deviation rate Dtheoretical , the weather state is determined to be cloudy.
  • the preset range is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 60%.
  • the direct radiation accounts for 50%.
  • the method further includes:
  • the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, based on the horizontal irradiance and multiple evenly distributed direct irradiance proportions in the range of 0 to 100%, the first slope theoretical irradiance and the second slope theoretical irradiance under different direct irradiance proportions are calculated according to the slope irradiation calculation model;
  • the weather conditions are determined according to the actual direct radiation ratio.
  • determining the current weather state based on the actual direct radiation ratio includes: when the actual direct radiation ratio is greater than a first threshold, determining the weather state to be sunny; and when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than a second threshold, determining the weather state to be cloudy; and when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than or equal to the first threshold and greater than or equal to the second threshold, determining the weather state to be cloudy.
  • the first threshold is 50%
  • the second threshold is 10%
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a device for determining weather conditions, including:
  • a first radiometer configured to measure horizontal irradiance, wherein a measuring surface of the first radiometer is arranged to be placed horizontally;
  • a second radiometer configured to measure the irradiance of the first inclined surface
  • a third radiometer configured to measure the second inclined surface irradiance, wherein the measuring surface of the second radiometer and the measuring surface of the third radiometer are arranged to face the sun and are arranged to be symmetrical about the meridian plane;
  • a processing unit is configured to receive the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance, determine the azimuth irradiance deviation rate according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance, and determine the weather conditions according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine the azimuth irradiance deviation rate as a ratio of an absolute value of a difference between the first oblique surface irradiance and the second oblique surface irradiance to the horizontal irradiance.
  • the processing unit is also configured to compare the horizontal irradiance with the first slope irradiance, and to compare the horizontal irradiance with the second slope irradiance, respectively.
  • the processing unit determines the weather condition as a cloudy and rainy day.
  • the processing unit is further configured to, when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate is less than 5%, calculate the first slope theoretical irradiance and the second slope theoretical irradiance respectively according to the slope irradiance calculation model based on the horizontal irradiance and the proportion of direct irradiance within a preset range;
  • the theoretical irradiance of the first slope is determined.
  • the azimuth irradiance theoretical deviation rate Dtheory of the irradiance and the second slope theoretical irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance actual deviation rate Dactual is determined according to the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance;
  • the weather state is determined to be sunny; and when the actual azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dactual is less than or equal to the theoretical azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dtheoretical , the weather state is determined to be cloudy.
  • the preset range is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 60%.
  • the direct radiation accounts for 50%.
  • the processing unit is further configured to, when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate is less than 5%, calculate the first slope theoretical irradiance and the second slope theoretical irradiance under different direct irradiance proportions according to the slope irradiance calculation model based on the horizontal irradiance and a plurality of evenly distributed direct irradiance proportions in the range of 0 to 100%;
  • the current weather conditions are determined according to the actual direct radiation ratio.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine the current weather state based on the actual direct radiation ratio, specifically: the processing unit is configured to: when the actual direct radiation ratio is greater than a first threshold, determine that the weather state is sunny; and when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than a second threshold, determine that the weather state is cloudy; and when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than or equal to the first threshold and greater than or equal to the second threshold, determine that the weather state is cloudy.
  • the first threshold is 50%; and the second threshold is 10%.
  • the device further includes a fourth irradiance meter and a fifth irradiance meter, wherein:
  • the fourth radiometer is arranged symmetrically with the second radiometer about a plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the latitude line;
  • the fifth radiometer is arranged to be perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the third radiometer.
  • the processing unit uses the measurement data of the fourth irradiometer as the first slope irradiance, and uses the measurement data of the fifth irradiometer as the second slope irradiance.
  • the device also includes a rotating mechanism, and the second irradiometer and the third irradiometer are arranged on the rotating mechanism.
  • the rotating mechanism drives the second irradiometer and the third irradiometer to rotate 180 degrees in the horizontal plane, so that the second irradiometer and the third irradiometer are facing the sun again.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device and method for determining weather conditions, using multiple radiometers to measure the radiation conditions in different directions, and then identifying the weather conditions according to the radiation deviation rates in different directions.
  • the weather conditions are determined while measuring the radiation data, which expands the diversity of equipment performance, is simple to manufacture and install, and has low maintenance costs. At the same time, it is applicable to all latitudes and all seasons, has low cost, high feasibility, and can be widely used in engineering practice.
  • FIG1 shows a flow chart of a method for determining weather conditions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 shows the relationship between azimuthal irradiance deviation and direct irradiance proportion
  • FIG3 shows a block diagram of a device for determining weather conditions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a structural diagram of a device for determining weather conditions according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • dual-axis tracking system weather stations such as Kipp&Zonen's RaZON+ integrated solar monitoring system
  • the equipment cost is high and the tracking accuracy of the equipment is limited.
  • the accuracy requirements are high, the failure rate and error rate are high, and regular calibration is required, which limits the practical application.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device and method for determining weather conditions, using multiple radiometers to measure the radiation conditions in different directions, and then identifying the weather conditions according to the radiation deviation rates in different directions.
  • the weather conditions are determined while measuring the radiation data, which expands the diversity of the equipment, is simple to manufacture and install, and has low maintenance costs. At the same time, it is applicable to all latitudes and all seasons, has low cost, high feasibility, and can be widely used in engineering practice.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for determining weather conditions, as shown in FIG1 , including:
  • the weather conditions are determined according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • the weather conditions can be determined by using the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, and the second slope irradiance, wherein the first slope and the second slope are set to face the sun and be symmetrical about the meridian plane and have the same inclination.
  • the irradiance distribution of the sky in all directions is different, that is, the horizontal irradiance is different from the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance.
  • the irradiance difference in different directions is greater, and when the weather condition is closer to a cloudy day, the irradiance difference in different directions is smaller, that is, the azimuth irradiance difference (or azimuth irradiance deviation) is monotonically correlated with the direct radiation ratio, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the horizontal irradiance can be measured by a first radiometer arranged horizontally
  • the first inclined plane irradiance can be measured by a second radiometer arranged on the first inclined plane
  • the second inclined plane irradiance can be measured by a third radiometer arranged on the second inclined plane.
  • FIG3 shows the arrangement of the first radiometer (i.e., radiometer 1), the second radiometer (i.e., radiometer 2), and the third radiometer (i.e., radiometer 3).
  • the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane are arranged to face the equator (i.e., they are arranged to face the sun and can receive the sun's irradiation), the azimuth angle of the first inclined plane is A, and the azimuth angle of the second inclined plane is B, wherein the sum of the azimuth angle of the first inclined plane and the azimuth angle of the second inclined plane is 360 degrees, and the inclination angles of the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane are the same, that is, the angle between the first inclined plane and the horizontal ground and the angle between the second inclined plane and the horizontal ground are the same, and the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane are arranged to face the sun and be symmetrical about the meridian plane.
  • the azimuth of the first inclined plane is 60° south by east
  • the azimuth of the second inclined plane is 60° south by west
  • the inclination angles are both 20°.
  • the azimuth of the first inclined plane is 60° north by east
  • the azimuth of the second inclined plane is 60° north by west
  • the inclination angles are both 20°.
  • determining the azimuth irradiance deviation rate based on the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance includes: determining the ratio between the absolute value of the difference between the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance and the horizontal irradiance as the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D.
  • the measured data show that when the horizontal irradiance is greater than the irradiance of the first slope and greater than the irradiance of the second slope, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, the weather state is a rainy day.
  • determining the weather state according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate includes:
  • the weather condition is cloudy and rainy.
  • the weather conditions can be quickly determined without the need for expensive precision equipment.
  • the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, it can be determined that the weather state is sunny or cloudy.
  • the slope irradiance calculation model Calculate the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope respectively, where In represents horizontal direct irradiance, Id represents horizontal diffuse irradiance, and ⁇ represents ground reflectivity.
  • ⁇ Z represents the solar zenith angle
  • ⁇ i represents the solar incident angle
  • ⁇ represents the solar hour angle
  • ⁇ represents the declination angle
  • latitude represents latitude
  • ⁇ represents the azimuth of the slope
  • a represents the inclination of the slope
  • F Hay is the sky clarity factor.
  • the clarity factor also known as the clear sky index, is a comprehensive parameter that describes the effect of the atmosphere on solar shortwave radiation. It not only reflects the intensity of solar radiation reaching the ground, but also reflects the state of the atmosphere and the effect on solar radiation when it passes through the atmosphere.
  • the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope to the horizontal irradiance is determined as the azimuth irradiation theoretical deviation rate Dtheory
  • the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance to the horizontal irradiance is determined as the azimuth irradiation actual deviation rate Dactual .
  • the horizontal irradiance when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, based on the horizontal irradiance and the proportion of direct irradiance (for example, 50%) within a preset range (for example, 50% to 60%), according to the slope irradiance calculation model Calculate the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope respectively, where In represents horizontal direct irradiance, Id represents horizontal diffuse irradiance, and ⁇ represents ground reflectivity. Among them, ⁇ Z represents the solar zenith angle, ⁇ i represents the solar incident angle,
  • ⁇ represents the solar hour angle
  • ⁇ represents the declination angle
  • latitude represents latitude
  • ⁇ represents the direction of the slope
  • a represents the inclination of the inclined plane
  • the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope to the horizontal irradiance is determined as the theoretical deviation rate of azimuth irradiation Dtheoretical
  • the ratio of the difference between the irradiance of the first slope and the irradiance of the second slope to the horizontal irradiance is determined as the actual deviation rate of azimuth irradiation Dactual ;
  • the weather state is determined to be sunny; and when the actual azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dactual is less than or equal to the theoretical azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dtheoretical , the weather state is determined to be cloudy.
  • the preset range is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 60%.
  • the direct radiation accounts for 50%.
  • the weather conditions can also be determined based on the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • the first slope theoretical irradiance and the second slope theoretical irradiance can be calculated respectively based on multiple uniformly distributed direct irradiation proportions in the range of 0 to 100% (for example, assuming that the proportions of horizontal direct irradiation In in the total irradiation are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively), according to the slope irradiation calculation model, and the azimuth irradiance theoretical deviation rate Dtheory of horizontal direct irradiation in different proportions of total irradiation is calculated according to the first slope theoretical irradiance, the second slope theoretical irradiance and the horizontal irradiance, and the actual azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dactual is determined according to the measured horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth i
  • the difference method can be used to obtain an accurate direct radiation ratio.
  • the difference method can reduce the burden of calculation.
  • the interval of the direct radiation ratio can also be reduced, and the theoretical deviation rate of azimuth radiation under different direct radiation ratios can be determined respectively, and compared with the actual deviation rate of azimuth radiation to obtain an accurate direct radiation ratio.
  • the current weather conditions can be evaluated. For example, if the direct radiation ratio is 30%, the current weather condition is judged to be cloudy; if the direct radiation ratio is 70%, the current weather condition is judged to be sunny.
  • the horizontal irradiance when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, based on the horizontal irradiance and a plurality of uniformly distributed direct irradiance proportions in the range of 0 to 100%, according to the slope irradiance calculation model
  • the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope under different direct radiation ratios are calculated respectively, where In represents horizontal direct radiation, Id represents horizontal diffuse radiation, and ⁇ represents ground reflectivity.
  • ⁇ Z represents the solar zenith angle
  • ⁇ i represents the solar incidence angle
  • the different direct radiation proportions refer to the different values of In/(In+Id).
  • ⁇ represents the solar hour angle
  • ⁇ represents the declination angle
  • latitude represents latitude
  • ⁇ represents the azimuth of the slope
  • a represents the inclination of the slope
  • the azimuth irradiation theoretical deviation rate Dtheory that is closest to the azimuth irradiation deviation rate is selected, the direct radiation proportion corresponding to the azimuth irradiation theoretical deviation rate is determined as the actual direct radiation proportion, and the weather conditions are determined according to the actual direct radiation proportion.
  • determining the current weather state according to the actual direct radiation ratio includes: determining that the weather state is sunny when the actual direct radiation ratio is greater than a first threshold; and determining that the weather state is sunny when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than a second threshold.
  • the actual direct radiation ratio is between the first threshold and the second threshold, and the day is determined to be cloudy.
  • the first threshold is 50%; and the second threshold is 10%.
  • the direct radiation proportion corresponding to the azimuth irradiation theoretical deviation rate is determined as the actual direct radiation proportion, and the weather conditions are determined according to the actual direct radiation proportion, thereby improving the applicability of the weather condition determination method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure and the accuracy of the results.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a device for determining weather conditions, including:
  • a first radiometer configured to measure horizontal irradiance, wherein a measuring surface of the first radiometer is arranged to be placed horizontally;
  • a second radiometer configured to measure the irradiance of the first inclined surface
  • a third radiometer configured to measure the second inclined surface irradiance, wherein the measuring surface of the second radiometer and the measuring surface of the third radiometer are arranged to face the sun and are arranged to be symmetrical about the meridian plane;
  • a processing unit is configured to receive the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance, determine the azimuth irradiance deviation rate according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance, and determine the weather conditions according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining weather conditions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the device includes a first radiometer 1 (i.e., radiometer 1), a second radiometer 2 (i.e., radiometer 2), and a third radiometer 3 (i.e., radiometer 3).
  • the measuring surface of the first radiometer 1 is arranged to be placed horizontally.
  • the measuring surfaces of the second radiometer 2 and the third radiometer 3 are arranged to face the sun.
  • the azimuth of the measuring surface of the second radiometer 2 is A (e.g., 60 degrees south by east)
  • the azimuth of the measuring surface of the third radiometer 3 is B (e.g., 60 degrees south by west)
  • the sum of the azimuth of the measuring surface of the second radiometer 2 and the azimuth of the measuring surface of the third radiometer 3 is 360 degrees
  • the inclination of the measuring surface of the second radiometer 2 is the same as the inclination of the measuring surface of the third radiometer 3, that is, the angle between the measuring surface of the second radiometer 2 and the horizontal ground is the same as the angle between the measuring surface of the third radiometer 3 and the horizontal ground. That is, the measuring surfaces of the second irradiometer 2 and the third irradiometer 3 are both arranged to face the sun and are symmetrical about the meridian plane.
  • the first radiometer 1 is configured to measure horizontal irradiance
  • the second radiometer 2 is configured to measure first inclined plane irradiance
  • the third radiometer 3 is configured to measure second inclined plane irradiance.
  • the first radiometer 1, the second radiometer 2 and the third radiometer 3 are all connected to the processing unit, and the measured horizontal irradiance, the second inclined plane irradiance and the third inclined plane irradiance are converted into the processing unit.
  • the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance are transmitted to the processing unit.
  • the processing unit determines the azimuth irradiance deviation rate according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance and the second slope irradiance, and determines the weather state according to the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • the device for determining weather conditions provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can determine weather conditions while measuring irradiation data, thereby expanding the diversity of the device functions, being simple to manufacture and install, and having low maintenance costs. At the same time, it is applicable to all latitudes and all seasons, has low costs, high feasibility, and can be widely used in engineering practice.
  • the processing unit determines the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the first inclined surface irradiance and the second inclined surface irradiance to the horizontal irradiance as the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • the measured data show that when the horizontal irradiance is greater than the irradiance of the first slope and greater than the irradiance of the second slope, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, the weather state is a rainy day.
  • the processing unit compares the horizontal irradiance with the first slope irradiance, and compares the horizontal irradiance with the second slope irradiance, respectively.
  • the processing unit determines the weather condition as a cloudy and rainy day.
  • the processing unit calculates the slope irradiance according to the slope irradiance calculation model. Calculate the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope respectively, where In represents horizontal direct irradiance, Id represents horizontal diffuse irradiance, and ⁇ represents ground reflectivity. Among them, ⁇ Z represents the solar zenith angle, ⁇ i represents the solar incident angle,
  • ⁇ represents the solar hour angle
  • ⁇ represents the declination angle
  • latitude represents latitude
  • ⁇ represents the azimuth of the slope
  • a represents the inclination of the slope
  • the ratio of the difference between the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope to the horizontal irradiance is determined as the theoretical deviation rate of azimuth irradiation Dtheoretical , and according to the ratio of the difference between the irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope and the horizontal irradiance, the actual deviation rate of azimuth irradiation Dactual is determined;
  • the weather state is determined to be sunny; and when the actual azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dactual is less than or equal to the theoretical azimuth irradiation deviation rate Dtheoretical , the weather state is determined to be cloudy.
  • the processing unit determines the weather conditions based on the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%.
  • the preset range is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 60%.
  • the direct radiation accounts for 50%.
  • the proportion of different horizontal direct irradiances In in the total irradiance is preset, and the weather conditions can also be determined based on the horizontal irradiance, the first slope irradiance, the second slope irradiance and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate.
  • the processing unit is configured to, when the horizontal irradiance is not greater than the first slope irradiance and greater than the second slope irradiance, and the azimuth irradiance deviation rate D is less than 5%, based on the horizontal irradiance and a plurality of uniformly distributed direct irradiance proportions in the range of 0 to 100%, calculate the slope irradiance calculation model according to the slope irradiance calculation model.
  • the theoretical irradiance of the first slope and the theoretical irradiance of the second slope under different direct irradiance ratios are calculated respectively, where In represents horizontal direct irradiance, Id represents horizontal diffuse irradiance, and ⁇ represents ground reflectivity.
  • ⁇ Z represents the solar zenith angle
  • ⁇ i represents the solar incidence angle
  • the different direct radiation proportions refer to the different values of In/(In+Id).
  • ⁇ represents the solar hour angle
  • ⁇ represents the declination angle
  • latitude represents latitude
  • ⁇ represents the azimuth of the slope
  • a represents the inclination of the slope
  • the processing unit is further configured to determine the ratio of the difference between the first inclined plane theoretical irradiance and the second inclined plane theoretical irradiance under different direct radiation proportions to the horizontal irradiance as the azimuth irradiance theoretical deviation rate Dtheory under different direct radiation proportions;
  • the weather conditions are determined according to the actual direct radiation ratio.
  • the direct radiation ratio is 30%, it is cloudy, and if the direct radiation ratio is 70%, it is sunny.
  • Determining the current weather state according to the actual direct radiation ratio includes: when the actual direct radiation ratio is greater than a first threshold, determining the weather state to be sunny; and when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than a second threshold, determining the weather state to be cloudy; and when the actual direct radiation ratio is less than or equal to the first threshold and greater than or equal to the second threshold, determining the weather state to be cloudy.
  • the first threshold value may be 50%; and the second threshold value may be 10%.
  • the setting orientation of the second radiometer and the third radiometer in the device for determining weather conditions is fixed.
  • the measuring surfaces of the second radiometer and the third radiometer will face away from the sun.
  • the measuring surface of the second radiometer faces away from the sun, which means that when the azimuth of the second radiometer is south-east or south-west, the direct point of the sun is located to the north of the second radiometer.
  • the device for determining weather conditions also includes a fourth radiometer and a fifth radiometer, the fourth radiometer being arranged to be symmetrical with the second radiometer about a plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the latitude, and the fifth radiometer being arranged to be symmetrical with the third radiometer about a plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the latitude; wherein, when the second radiometer and the third radiometer are both facing away from the sun, the processing unit uses the measurement data of the fourth radiometer as the first slope irradiance, and uses the measurement data of the fifth radiometer as the second slope irradiance.
  • Fig. 4 shows the structure of a device for determining weather conditions according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the device for determining weather conditions further includes a fourth radiometer 4 (i.e., radiometer 4) and a fifth radiometer 5 (i.e., radiometer 5), wherein the second radiometer 2 and the third radiometer 3 are arranged in the same manner as that shown in Fig.
  • the fourth radiometer 4 and the second radiometer 2 are symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the latitude
  • the fifth radiometer 5 and the third radiometer 3 are symmetrical about a plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane and parallel to the latitude
  • the fourth radiometer 4 and the fifth radiometer 5 are symmetrical about the meridian plane.
  • the fourth and fifth irradiance meters can be activated and can continue to be used to determine the weather conditions.
  • the device for determining weather conditions also includes a rotating mechanism, and the second radiometer and the third radiometer are arranged on the rotating mechanism.
  • the rotating mechanism drives the second radiometer and the third radiometer to rotate 180 degrees in a horizontal plane so that the second radiometer and the third radiometer face the sun again.
  • the second and third irradiometers can be driven to rotate 180 degrees in the horizontal plane when the second and third irradiometers are moved at the direct sunlight point so that they are facing away from the sun, so that the device for determining weather conditions can work again, thereby improving the applicability of the device for determining weather conditions.
  • the irradiation conditions in different directions are measured, and then the weather conditions are identified according to the irradiation deviation rates in different directions.
  • the weather conditions are determined while measuring the irradiation data, which expands the diversity of the equipment functions, is simple to manufacture and install, and has low maintenance costs. At the same time, it is applicable to all latitudes and all seasons, has low costs, high feasibility, and can be widely used in engineering practice.

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Abstract

一种确定天气状态的方法，包括：测量水平辐照度；测量第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，其中，第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向太阳且关于子午面对称；根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率；以及根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。还提供了一种确定天气状态的设备。

Description

多辐照计识别天气状态的方法和设备 技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及气象领域，更具体地，涉及多辐照计识别天气状态的方法和设备。
背景技术
全球范围内，新能源占比逐渐提高，其中光伏发电将引领全球能源革命，预计2050年，光伏发电能力可达8.5TW。目前光伏安装支架大致可分为固定倾角式及跟踪式，其中跟踪支架以其更低的度电成本、更高的投资回报率等优势，近些年得到广泛发展。平单轴跟踪支架因其结构简单实用、发电增益明显等特点，市场占比最高。
目前平单轴跟踪光伏系统通常集成天文算法及平地逆跟踪算法，其中天文算法是指基于日地关系，获取当地经纬度、时间等信息，计算太阳相对位置(即太阳光线入射角)，依据组件法向向量与太阳入射光线夹角越小，组件接收到的辐照越高原则，求得平单轴理论跟踪角度。
但常规跟踪算法只考虑高直射辐照天气(晴天)组件接收辐照最大化，在高散射辐照天气(阴天)仍按常规跟踪算法转动，没有充分利用散射辐照，未完全发挥跟踪支架发电优势。因此区分不同天气状态，进行相应的角度优化，是未来跟踪算法的发展趋势。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本公开的实施例提供了一种确定天气状态的方法和设备。
本公开的至少一个实施例提供了一种确定天气状态的方法，包括：
测量水平辐照度；
测量第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，其中，第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向太阳且关于子午面对称；
根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率；以及
根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照偏差率包括：
将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差的绝对值与水平辐照度之间的比值确定为方位辐照偏差率D。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态包括：
在水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D＜5％的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述方法还包括，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围内的一直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
根据第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，确定第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照实际偏差率D实际；
当所述方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于所述方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在所述方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等于所述方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述预设范围为大于等于50％且小于等于60％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述直射辐照占比为50％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述方法还包括：
在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D＜5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度，和0至100％的范围内多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
根据不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和所述第二斜面理论辐照度以及所述水平辐照度，确定不同直射辐照占比下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论；
选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比；以及
根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态包括：在所述实际直射辐照占比大于第一阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在所述实际直射辐照占比小于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天；以及所述实际直射辐照占比小于等于第一阈值以及大于等于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述第一阈值为50％，以及所述第二阈值为10％。
本公开的至少一个实施例还提供了一种确定天气状态的设备，包括：
第一辐照计，配置为测量水平辐照度，其中，所述第一辐照计的测量面设置为水平放置；
第二辐照计，配置为测量第一斜面辐照度；
第三辐照计，配置为测量第二斜面辐照度，其中，第二辐照计的测量面和第三辐照计的测量面设置为朝向太阳并设置为关于子午面对称；以及
处理单元，配置为接收所述水平辐照度、所述第一斜面辐照度以及所述第二斜面辐照度，根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率，并根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元还配置为第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度之差的绝对值与所述水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照偏差率。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元还配置为分别对所述水平辐照度和所述第一斜面辐照度进行比较，对所述水平辐照度和所述第二斜面辐照度进行比较，在所述水平辐照度大于所述第一斜面辐照度且大于所述第二斜面辐照度，而且所述方位辐照偏差率小于5％的情况下，所述处理单元将天气状态确定为阴雨天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元还被配置为，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围内的一直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
根据第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，确定第一斜面理论辐 照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照实际偏差率D实际；
当方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述预设范围为大于等于50％且小于等于60％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述直射辐照占比为50％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元还被配置为，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和0至100％的范围内多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
根据所述不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和所述第二斜面理论辐照度，确定不同直射辐照占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论；
选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将对应该方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比；以及
根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元被配置为根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态，具体为：所述处理单元被配置为：在所述实际直射辐照占比大于第一阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在所述实际直射辐照占比小于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天；以及所述实际直射辐照占比小于等于第一阈值且大于等于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述第一阈值为50％；以及，所述第二阈值为10％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述设备还包括第四辐照计和第五辐照计，其中，
所述第四辐照计设置为与所述第二辐照计关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称；
所述第五辐照计设置为与所述第三辐照计关于垂直于水平面且平行于 纬线的平面对称；
其中，在所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计均背对太阳的情况下，所述处理单元将所述第四辐照计的测量数据作为所述第一斜面辐照度，并将所述第五辐照计的测量数据作为所述第二斜面辐照度。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述设备还包括旋转机构，所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计设置在所述旋转机构上，在所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计均背对太阳时，所述旋转机构带动所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计在水平面内旋转180度，使所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计重新朝向太阳。
本公开的实施例提供了一种确定天气状态的设备和方法，使用多个辐照计，测量不同方位的辐照情况，然后根据不同方位辐照偏差率识别天气状态，在测量辐照数据的同时，确定天气状态，扩展了设备性能的多样性，制造和安装简单，维护成本低。同时，适用于全纬度、全季节，成本较低，可行性较高，可在工程实际中广泛应用。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本公开一个实施例的确定天气状态的方法的流程图；
图2示出了方位辐照度偏差和直射辐照占比之间的关系；
图3示出了根据本公开一个实施例的确定天气状态的设备的框图；以及
图4示出了根据本公开另一个实施例的确定天气状态的设备的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例对本申请进一步详细说明。通过这些说明，本申请的特点和优点将变得更为清楚明确。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面，但是除非特别指出，不必按比例绘制附图。
此外，下面所描述的本申请不同实施方式中涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互结合。
目前双轴跟踪系统气象站，如Kipp&Zonen的RaZON+一体式太阳能监控系统，通过双轴跟踪太阳位置，可采集水平总辐照、水平散射辐照以及水平直射辐照等，从而评估当前的天气状况，但设备成本较高，对设备跟踪精 度要求较高，故障率及误差率较高，且需要定期校准，实际应用受限。
针对此，本公开的实施例提供了一种确定天气状态的装置和方法，使用多个辐照计，测量不同方位的辐照情况，然后根据不同方位辐照偏差率识别天气状态，在测量辐照数据的同时，确定天气状态，扩展了设备能的多样性，制造和安装简单，维护成本低。同时，适用于全纬度、全季节，成本较低，可行性较高，可在工程实际中广泛应用。
本公开的至少一个实施例提供了一种确定天气状态的方法，如图1所示，包括：
测量水平辐照度；
测量第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，其中，第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向太阳且关于子午面对称，并具有相同的倾角；
基于水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率；以及
根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
可以采用水平辐照度和第一斜面辐照度以及第二斜面辐照度来确定天气状态，其中第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向太阳并关于子午面对称，且具有相同的倾角。在不同的天气状态下，天空各向辐照分布不同，即，水平辐照度与第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度不同。当天气状态越接近晴天，不同方位的辐照度差异越大，当天气状态越接近阴天，不同方位的辐照度差异越小，即，方位辐照度差异(或称为方位辐照度偏差)与直射辐照占比呈现单调相关性，如图2所示。
水平辐照度可以采用水平设置的第一辐照计进行测量，第一斜面辐照度可以采用设置在第一斜面上的第二辐照计进行测量，第二斜面辐照度可以采用设置在第二斜面上的第三辐照计进行测量。图3示出了第一辐照计(即辐照计1)、第二辐照计(即辐照计2)和第三辐照计(即辐照计3)的设置方式。如图3所示，第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向赤道(即，设置为朝向太阳，可以接收太阳的辐照)，第一斜面的方位角为A，第二斜面的方位角为B，其中，第一斜面的方位角和第二斜面的方位角的和为360度，且第一斜面和第二斜面的倾角相同，即，第一斜面与水平地面的夹角和第二斜面与水平地面的夹角相同，且第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向太阳且关于子午面对称。
例如，在北半球高纬度地区(北回归线以北，太阳永远位于南方)，第一斜面的方位角为南偏东60°，第二斜面的方位角为南偏西60°，倾角均为20°。再例如，在南半球高纬度地区(南回归线以南，太阳永远位于北方)，第一斜面的方位角为北偏东60°，第二斜面的方位角为北偏西60°，倾角均为20°。又如，在北半球的低纬度区域和南半球的低纬度区域，对于测量第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的第二辐照计和第三辐照计而言，无论其如何设置，即不论其设置为北偏东、北偏西，或者是设置为南偏东、南偏西，随着太阳的直射点的在南北回归线之间的移动，第二辐照计和第三辐照计都会有均背对太阳的时候，此时，需要分别设置沿纬线与第二辐照计和第三辐照计对称的第四辐照计和第五辐照计，在第二辐照计和第三辐照计均背对太阳的时候测量第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，使根据本公开实施例的确定天气状态的方法的适用区域更广。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照偏差率包括：将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差的绝对值与水平辐照度之间的比值确定为方位辐照偏差率D。
天气状态越接近晴天，不同方位辐照度差异越大，天气状态越接近阴雨天，不同方位辐照度差异越小，由此，当第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差异很小，且水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度时，天气状态会接近阴雨状态。实测数据显示，在水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，天气状态为阴雨天。
因此，在本公开的一个实施例中，根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态包括：
在水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D＜5％的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天。
通过构建水平辐照度和第一斜面辐照度以及第二斜面辐照度的关系，在不需要昂贵精密设备的情况下，可以快速确定天气状态。
从上述可知，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，可以确定天气状态为晴天或者多云天。在这种情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围内(例如，50％-60％)的一直射辐照占比(例如，50％)，根据斜面辐照计算模型 分别计算第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，其中，In表示水平直射辐照，Id表示水平散射辐照，ρ表示地面反射率，其中，θZ表示太阳天顶角，θi表示太阳入射角，

其中，ω表示太阳时角、δ表示赤纬角、表示纬度、γ表示斜面的方位角、a表示斜面的倾角；
其中FHay为天空清晰度因子。清晰度因子也叫晴空指数，是描述大气对太阳短波辐射影响的一个综合参数,它不仅能够反映到达地面的太阳辐射强度,还能够反映太阳辐射穿越大气时大气的状况和太阳辐射受到的影响。
在通过上述计算模型计算得到第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度之后，将第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的差的绝对值与水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差的绝对值与水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照实际偏差率D实际。实验数据显示，当方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，天气状态为晴天，在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，天气状态为多云天。
因此，在本公开的一个实施例中，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围(例如，50％～60％)内的一直射辐照占比(例如，50％)，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，其中，In表示水平直射辐照，Id表示水平散射辐照，ρ表示地面反射率，其中，θZ表示太阳天顶角，θi表示太阳入射角，

其中，ω表示太阳时角、δ表示赤纬角、表示纬度、γ表示斜面的方位 角、a表示斜面的倾角；
其中FHay为天空清晰度因子；
根据第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，将第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的差的绝对值与水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差与水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照实际偏差率D实际；
当方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述预设范围为大于等于50％且小于等于60％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述直射辐照占比为50％。
在上述例子中，以预设范围(例如，50％～60％)内的一直射辐照占比(例如，50％)为例说明了在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下如何根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率确定天气状态。
在一个更适用的例子中，在不知道水平直射辐照In在总辐照中的占比情况下，同样可以根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
在不知道水平直射辐照In在总辐照中占比的情况下，可基于0至100％范围内多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比(例如，假设水平直射辐照In在总辐照中的占比分别为0％、10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％、90％)，根据所述斜面辐照计算模型，分别计算第一斜面理论辐照度以及第二斜面理论辐照度，根据第一斜面理论辐照度、第二斜面理论辐照度以及水平辐照度，分别计算水平直射辐照在总辐照中不同占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据测得的水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照实际偏差率D实际，选择最接近方位辐照实际偏差率D实际的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率D理论对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比。在需要精准确定实际直射辐照比的情况下， 可以采用差值方式获得精确的直射辐照占比。采用差值方式可以减轻计算的负担。当然，也可以减小直射辐照占比的间隔，分别确定不同直射辐照占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率，与方位辐照实际偏差率进行比较，获得精确的直射辐照占比。
在得到具体直射辐照占比后，即可评估当前天气状态，如直射辐照占比为30％，判断当前天气状态为多云，直射辐照占比为70％，则判读当前天气状态为晴天。
因此，在本公开的一个实施例中，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和0至100％的范围内多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，其中，In表示水平直射辐照，Id表示水平散射辐照，ρ表示地面反射率，其中，θZ表示太阳天顶角，θi表示太阳入射角，所述不同直射辐照占比指的是In/(In+Id)的取值不同，

其中，ω表示太阳时角、δ表示赤纬角、表示纬度、γ表示斜面的方位角、a表示斜面的倾角；
其中FHay为天空清晰度因子；
将所述不同直射辐照占比情况下的第一斜面理论辐照度和所述第二斜面理论辐照度的差与水平辐照度的比值确定为不同直射辐照占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论；
选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比，根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态包括：在所述实际直射辐照占比大于第一阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在所述实际直射辐照占比小于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态 为阴雨天；以及在所述实际直射辐照占比在第一阈值和第二阈值之间，确定为多云天。例如，所述第一阈值为50％；以及所述第二阈值为10％。
通过计算不同直射辐照占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论并选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率D的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比，根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定天气状态，提高了根据本公开实施例的天气状态确定方法的适用性和结果的正确性。
本公开的至少一个实施例还提供了一种确定天气状态的设备，包括：
第一辐照计，配置为测量水平辐照度，其中，所述第一辐照计的测量面设置为水平放置；
第二辐照计，配置为测量第一斜面辐照度；
第三辐照计，配置为测量第二斜面辐照度，其中，第二辐照计的测量面和第三辐照计的测量面设置为朝向太阳并设置为关于子午面对称；以及
处理单元，配置为接收所述水平辐照度、所述第一斜面辐照度以及所述第二斜面辐照度，根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率，并根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
图3示出了根据本公开一个实施例的确定天气状态的设备的结构示意图。如图3所示，所述设备包括第一辐照计1(即辐照计1)、第二辐照计2(即辐照计2)以及第三辐照计3(即辐照计3)。第一辐照计1的测量面设置为水平放置。第二辐照计2的测量面和第三辐照计3的测量面设置为朝向太阳，例如，如果所述设备设置在北半球，第二辐照计2的测量面的方位角为A(例如，南偏东60度)，第三辐照计3的测量面的方位角为B(例如，南偏西60度)，第二辐照计2的测量面的方位角和第三辐照计3的测量面的方位角的和为360度，第二辐照计2的测量面的倾角和第三辐照计3的测量面的倾角相同，即，第二辐照计2的测量面与水平地面的夹角和第三辐照计3的测量面与水平地面的夹角相同。即，第二辐照计2的测量面和第三辐照计3的测量面均设置为朝向太阳，并关于子午面对称。
第一辐照计1配置为测量水平辐照度，第二辐照计2配置为测量第一斜面辐照度，第三辐照计3配置为测量第二斜面辐照度。第一辐照计1、第二辐照计2以及第三辐照计3均连接至处理单元，并将测得的水平辐照度、第 一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度传送至所述处理单元。所述处理单元根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率，并根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
通过本公开实施例提供的确定天气状态的设备，在测量辐照数据的同时，确定天气状态，扩展了设备能的多样性，制造和安装简单，维护成本低。同时，适用于全纬度、全季节，成本较低，可行性较高，可在工程实际中广泛应用。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度之差的绝对值与所述水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照偏差率。
天气状态越接近晴天，不同方位辐照度差异越大，天气状态越接近阴雨天，不同方位辐照度差异越小，由此，当第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差异很小，且水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度时，天气状态会接近阴雨状态。实测数据显示，在水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，天气状态为阴雨天。
因此，在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元分别对所述水平辐照度和所述第一斜面辐照度进行比较，对所述水平辐照度和所述第二斜面辐照度进行比较，在所述水平辐照度大于所述第一斜面辐照度且大于所述第二斜面辐照度，而且所述方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，所述处理单元将天气状态确定为阴雨天。
由上述内容可知，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，可以确定天气状态为晴天或者多云天。
在本公开的一个实施例中，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D＜5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围(例如，50％-60％)内的一直射辐照占比(例如，50％)，所述处理单元根据斜面辐照计算模型 分别计算第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，其中，In表示水平直射辐照，Id表示水平散射辐照，ρ表示地面反射率，其中，θZ表示太阳天顶角，θi表示太阳入射角，

其中，ω表示太阳时角、δ表示赤纬角、表示纬度、γ表示斜面的方位角、a表示斜面的倾角；
其中FHay为天空清晰度因子；
根据第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，将第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的差与水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差与水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照实际偏差率D实际；
当方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
在上述实施例中，以预设范围(例如，50％-60％)内的一直射辐照占比(例如，50％)为例说明了在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下所述处理单元如何根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述预设范围为大于等于50％且小于等于60％。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述直射辐照占比为50％。
预设不同水平直射辐照In在总辐照中的占比，同样可以根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述处理单元配置为，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D＜5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和0至100％范围内的多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别计算不同直射辐照比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，其中，In表示水平直射辐照，Id表示水平散射辐照，ρ表示地面反射率， 其中，θZ表示太阳天顶角，θi表示太阳入射角，所述不同直射辐照占比指的是In/(In+Id)的取值不同，

其中，ω表示太阳时角、δ表示赤纬角、表示纬度、γ表示斜面的方位角、a表示斜面的倾角；
其中FHay为天空清晰度因子；
所述处理单元还被配置为，将不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和所述第二斜面理论辐照度的差与所述水平辐照度的比值确定为不同直射辐照占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论；
选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率D的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率D理论对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比；以及
根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定天气状态。
例如，直射辐照占比为30％，则为多云天气，直射辐照占比为70％，则为晴天。
根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态包括：在所述实际直射辐照占比大于第一阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及在所述实际直射辐照占比小于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天；以及在所述实际直射辐照占比小于等于第一阈值且大于等于第二阈值的情况下，确定气状态为多云天。
例如，所述第一阈值为50％；以及，所述第二阈值可以为10％。
根据本公开实施例的确定天气状态的设备中的第二辐照计和第三辐照计的设置方位是固定的，在所述设备部署在低纬度地区(即，部署在南北回归线之间)时，由于太阳的直射点在南北回归线之间移动，会出现第二辐照计和第三辐照计的测量面均背对太阳的情况。第二辐照计的测量面背对太阳，指的是第二辐照计的方位角为南偏东或者南偏西的情况下，太阳的直射点位于第二辐照计的北方，同时，还指的是第二辐照计的方位角为北偏东或者北偏西的情况下，太阳的直射点位于第二辐照计的南方。在这种情况下，无法用于确定天气状态。
针对此，在本公开的一个实施例中，所述确定天气状态的设备还包括第四辐照计和第五辐照计，所述第四辐照计设置为与所述第二辐照计关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称，所述第五辐照计设置为与所述第三辐照计关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称；其中，在所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计均背对太阳的情况下，所述处理单元将所述第四辐照计的测量数据作为所述第一斜面辐照度，并将所述第五辐照计的测量数据作为所述第二斜面辐照度。
图4示出了根据本公开另一实施例的确定天气状态的设备的结构。如图4所示，所述确定天气状态的设备还包括第四辐照计4(即辐照计4)和第五辐照计5(即辐照计5)，其中，第二辐照计2和第三辐照计3的设置方式与图3所示的设置方式相同，第四辐照计4和第二辐照计2关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称，第五辐照计5和第三辐照计3关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称，第四辐照计4和第五辐照计5关于子午面对称。
设置了第四辐照计和第五辐照计之后，在第二辐照计和第三辐照计均背对太阳时，可以启用第四辐照计和第五辐照计，能够继续用来确定天气状态。
在本公开的一个实施例中，所述确定天气状态的设备还包括旋转机构，所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计设置在所述旋转机构上，在所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计均背对太阳时，所述旋转机构带动所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计在水平面内旋转180度，使所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计重新朝向太阳。
通过设置旋转机构，可以在太阳直射点移动使得第二辐照计和第三辐照计均背对太阳时带动第二辐照计和第三辐照计在水平面内旋转180度，使所述确定天气状态的设备能够重新工作，提高了所述确定天气状态的设备的适用性。
根据本公开的确定天气状态的方法和设备，测量不同方位的辐照情况，然后根据不同方位辐照偏差率识别天气状态，在测量辐照数据的同时，确定天气状态，扩展了设备能的多样性，制造和安装简单，维护成本低。同时，适用于全纬度、全季节，成本较低，可行性较高，可在工程实际中广泛应用。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于本申请工作状态下的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指 的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”“相连”“连接”应作广义理解。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
以上结合了优选的实施方式对本申请进行了说明，不过这些实施方式仅是范例性的，仅起到说明性的作用。在此基础上，可以对本申请进行多种替换和改进，这些均落入本申请的保护范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种确定天气状态的方法，包括：
    测量水平辐照度；
    测量第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，其中，第一斜面和第二斜面设置为朝向太阳且关于子午面对称；
    根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率；以及
    根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照偏差率包括：
    将第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度的差的绝对值与水平辐照度之间的比值确定为方位辐照偏差率D。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态包括：
    在水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其还包括，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围内的一直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别获得第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
    根据第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，确定第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照实际偏差率D实际；
    当方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；以及
    在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况 下，确定天气状态为多云天。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述预设范围为大于等于50％且小于等于60％。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，所述直射辐照占比为50％。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其还包括：
    在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率D小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和0至100％的范围内多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别获得不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
    根据不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和所述第二斜面理论辐照度以及所述水平辐照度，确定不同直射辐照占比下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论；
    选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率D理论所对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比；以及
    根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态包括：
    在所述实际直射辐照占比大于第一阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；
    在所述实际直射辐照占比小于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为阴天；以及
    在所述实际直射辐照占比小于等于第一阈值且大于等于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述第一阈值为50％，以及所述第二阈值为10％。
  10. 一种确定天气状态的设备，包括：
    第一辐照计，配置为测量水平辐照度，其中，所述第一辐照计的测量面设置为水平放置；
    第二辐照计，配置为测量第一斜面辐照度；
    第三辐照计，配置为测量第二斜面辐照度，其中，第二辐照计的测量面和第三辐照计的测量面设置为朝向太阳并设置为关于子午面对称；以及
    处理单元，配置为接收所述水平辐照度、所述第一斜面辐照度以及所述第二斜面辐照度，根据水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度确定方位辐照偏差率，并根据所述水平辐照度、第一斜面辐照度、第二斜面辐照度以及方位辐照偏差率，确定天气状态。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，所述处理单元还配置为第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度之差的绝对值与所述水平辐照度的比值确定为方位辐照偏差率。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，所述处理单元还配置为对所述水平辐照度和所述第一斜面辐照度进行比较并对所述水平辐照度和所述第二斜面辐照度进行比较，在所述水平辐照度大于所述第一斜面辐照度且大于所述第二斜面辐照度，而且所述方位辐照偏差率小于5％的情况下，所述处理单元将天气状态确定为阴雨天。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，所述处理单元还被配置为，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度和预设范围内的一直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型，分别获得第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
    所述处理单元还被配置为，根据第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度，确定第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，并根据第一斜面辐照度和第二斜面辐照度，确定方位辐照实际偏差率D实际；
    在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际大于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，所述处理单元确定天气状态为晴天；以及在方位辐照实际偏差率D实际小于等 于方位辐照理论偏差率D理论的情况下，所述处理单元确定天气状态为多云天。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的设备，其中，所述预设范围为大于等于50％且小于等于60％。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的设备，其中，所述直射辐照占比为50％。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其中，所述处理单元还被配置为，在不满足水平辐照度大于第一斜面辐照度且大于第二斜面辐照度，且方位辐照偏差率小于5％的情况下，基于水平辐照度，和0至100％范围内的多个均匀分布的直射辐照占比，根据斜面辐照计算模型分别获得不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和第二斜面理论辐照度；
    所述处理单元还被配置为，根据所述不同直射辐照占比下的第一斜面理论辐照度和所述第二斜面理论辐照度以及所述水平辐照度，确定不同直射辐照占比情况下的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论；
    选择最接近于方位辐照偏差率的方位辐照理论偏差率D理论，将该方位辐照理论偏差率D理论对应的直射辐照占比确定为实际直射辐照占比；以及
    根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的设备，其中，所述处理单元被配置为根据所述实际直射辐照占比确定当前天气状态，具体为：
    所述处理单元被配置为：
    在所述实际直射辐照占比大于第一阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为晴天；
    在所述实际直射辐照占比小于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为阴雨天；以及
    在所述实际直射辐照占比小于等于第一阈值且大于等于第二阈值的情况下，确定天气状态为多云天。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的设备，其中，所述第一阈值为50％，以及所述第二阈值为10％。
  19. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其还包括第四辐照计和第五辐照计，其中，
    所述第四辐照计设置为与所述第二辐照计关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称；
    所述第五辐照计设置为与所述第三辐照计关于垂直于水平面且平行于纬线的平面对称；
    其中，在所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计均背对太阳的情况下，所述处理单元将所述第四辐照计的测量数据作为所述第一斜面辐照度，并将所述第五辐照计的测量数据作为所述第二斜面辐照度。
  20. 根据权利要求10所述的设备，其还包括旋转机构，所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计设置在所述旋转机构上，在所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计均背对太阳时，所述旋转机构带动所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计在水平面内旋转180度，使所述第二辐照计和所述第三辐照计重新朝向太阳。
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