WO2024066622A1 - 云系统的测试方法及装置 - Google Patents

云系统的测试方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024066622A1
WO2024066622A1 PCT/CN2023/105111 CN2023105111W WO2024066622A1 WO 2024066622 A1 WO2024066622 A1 WO 2024066622A1 CN 2023105111 W CN2023105111 W CN 2023105111W WO 2024066622 A1 WO2024066622 A1 WO 2024066622A1
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test
cloud
image
script
cloud system
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PCT/CN2023/105111
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘晨
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2024066622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066622A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automated testing technology, and more particularly to a testing method and device for a cloud system.
  • Cloud desktops have become increasingly popular.
  • the growing demand for cloud desktops has also driven the innovation of the cloud terminal product market.
  • Cloud terminals have independent operating systems, are compatible with peripherals such as mice and keyboards, and are connected to desktops running on cloud servers through various protocols. Their main functions are to display the desktop on the cloud and redirect the input and output data of the cloud terminal to the cloud server. Therefore, the automated testing of cloud terminals combined with cloud desktops is quite different from the testing ideas of traditional computers.
  • the common cloud desktop network strategy is to isolate the local network of the virtual machine and the cloud terminal.
  • the cloud desktop runs in a local area network environment, and the local network cannot directly send instructions to the cloud desktop. Therefore, in the automated testing of cloud terminals combined with cloud desktops, it is usually necessary to communicate with the virtual desktop through an agent in the cloud desktop, or map the keyboard and mouse box to the cloud desktop running on the terminal to be tested.
  • This testing method requires configuring an agent in the cloud desktop, which is not only complicated to operate, but also requires configuring agents separately for different cloud desktops, which is not universal.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method and device for testing a cloud system.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a testing method for a cloud system, which is applied to a cloud terminal in the cloud system, and the method includes: obtaining a test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and a standard image corresponding to the test script; the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script; redirecting the test script to a cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform corresponding test actions according to the test script; obtaining a test image corresponding to the test action; the test image is used to represent the test action execution result corresponding to the test action; and determining the test result corresponding to the cloud system based on the standard image and the test image.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a testing device for a cloud system, which is applied to a cloud terminal in the cloud system, and the device includes: a first acquisition module, used to obtain a test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and a standard image corresponding to the test script; the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script; a first redirection module, used to redirect the test script to a cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform corresponding test actions according to the test script; a second acquisition module, used to obtain a test image corresponding to the test action; the test image is used to represent the test action execution result corresponding to the test action; a first determination module, used to determine the test result corresponding to the cloud system based on the standard image and the test image.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory electrically connected to the processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor being used to call and execute the computer program from the memory to implement the above-mentioned cloud system testing method.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a storage medium for storing a computer program, wherein the computer program can be executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned cloud system testing method.
  • FIG1 is a schematic scenario diagram of a cloud system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of a cloud system testing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a test script generation method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic flow chart of a cloud system testing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic block diagram of a testing device for a cloud system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a cloud system testing method and device to solve the problem that the existing cloud system testing method is low in efficiency and lacks universality.
  • FIG1 is a schematic scenario diagram of a cloud system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the cloud system includes a cloud terminal and a cloud desktop, wherein a communication network is provided between the cloud terminal and the cloud desktop, and the cloud terminal is connected to at least one external device, such as a mouse, a keyboard, etc.
  • the cloud terminal has an independent operating system and is connected to the cloud desktop through various communication protocols.
  • the cloud terminal serves as an access terminal for the virtual desktop and is equipped with a high-performance, low-power processor, which can redirect operation instructions (or operation events) input by an external device to the cloud terminal to the cloud desktop.
  • the cloud terminal has a built-in or external redirection module (an external redirection module is shown in FIG1 ).
  • the redirection module has a redirection function.
  • an external device inputs an operation instruction (or operation event) to the cloud terminal
  • the operation instruction or operation event
  • the cloud desktop uses virtualization technology to create multiple computers with relatively independent processors and internal memory.
  • a virtual machine that stores resources. Users use the virtual machine's desktop, which is similar to using a normal computer.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a cloud system testing method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2 , the method is applied to the cloud terminal shown in FIG. 1 , and includes:
  • the test script may be generated based on an operation instruction inputted by an external device to the cloud terminal.
  • the standard image corresponding to the test script is the standard image corresponding to the operation instruction used to generate the test script.
  • the standard test result corresponding to the test script is the standard test result corresponding to the operation instruction used to generate the test script. The method for obtaining the standard image and the standard test result corresponding to the operation instruction will be described in detail in the following embodiments.
  • test image obtaining a test image corresponding to the test action, where the test image is used to represent a test action execution result corresponding to the test action.
  • S208 Determine a test result corresponding to the cloud system according to the standard image and the test image.
  • the cloud terminal obtains the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and the standard image corresponding to the test script, wherein the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script, and then redirects the test script to the cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform the corresponding test action according to the test script, and then obtains the test image corresponding to the test action, and determines the test result corresponding to the cloud system according to the standard image and the test image, and the test image is used to represent the test action execution result corresponding to the test action.
  • this technical solution does not require the configuration of an agent in the cloud desktop, that is, there is no need to make any changes to the cloud system, and the automated testing of the cloud system can be achieved only through the interaction between the cloud terminal and the cloud desktop, thereby making the testing of the cloud system more efficient and universal, and at the same time solving the problem of mutual isolation between the local networks of the cloud desktop and the cloud terminal. And there is no need for users to manually write test scripts, thereby saving a lot of manpower and time costs.
  • this technical solution determines the test results by comparing the standard image and the test image, based on the high accuracy characteristics of image recognition technology, so that the cloud System test results are more accurate.
  • the test script stored locally in the cloud terminal may be obtained, or the test script may be generated in real time according to the operation instruction input to the cloud terminal by the external device.
  • the operation instruction input to the cloud terminal by the external device may be executed by the user, for example, when the user performs an operation on the cloud terminal through an external device (such as a mouse, keyboard, etc.), it can be considered that the user has input the operation instruction to the cloud terminal through the external device.
  • test script is generated through the following actions A1-A2:
  • Action A1 capturing an operation instruction input from an external device to the cloud terminal, where the operation instruction includes an operation type.
  • the operation type is used to characterize the specific operation performed by the external device, such as single-click operation, double-click operation, refresh operation, input operation, etc.
  • the external device includes a keyboard and a mouse, and when the user uses the keyboard to perform a character input operation, or uses the mouse to perform a single-click or double-click operation, it is determined that the operation instruction input by the external device to the cloud terminal is captured.
  • Action A2 generating a test script that complies with a preset script format according to the operation instruction, wherein the preset script format is a script that can be recognized by the cloud terminal, and the test script corresponds to the operation type.
  • the operation instruction when generating a test script that conforms to a preset script format according to an operation instruction, the operation instruction can be converted into a script format according to the preset script format to obtain a test script.
  • the test script corresponds to the operation type, which can be understood as the test script including script content corresponding to the operation type.
  • the cloud desktop executes a test action according to the test script, it can be determined what type of test action to execute based on the script content corresponding to the operation type included in the test script.
  • the cloud terminal if the external device inputs multiple operation instructions to the cloud terminal, each time the external device inputs an operation instruction, the cloud terminal will redirect the operation instruction to the cloud desktop, triggering the cloud desktop to execute an operation event. After the cloud terminal determines that the operation instruction input is completed, it stops capturing the operation instruction. A test script is generated based on all captured operation instructions, and the test script corresponds to the operation type corresponding to each operation instruction, or the test script includes script content corresponding to the operation type corresponding to each operation instruction.
  • the cloud terminal can determine that the operation instruction input is completed in any of the following situations: no operation instruction is captured within a preset time period, and information used to identify the end of the operation instruction input is received.
  • the test script After generating the test script, the test script can be stored locally in the cloud terminal. In this way, the next time the cloud system is tested, there is no need to use an external device to input operation instructions to the cloud terminal.
  • the cloud system can be tested by directly obtaining the locally stored test script.
  • test script is stored locally in the cloud terminal, it is possible to monitor whether the cloud system meets the preset test conditions; if so, the test script is obtained from the preset storage space of the cloud terminal, and the cloud system is tested based on the obtained test script.
  • the preset storage space is used to store the test script.
  • the preset test conditions may include at least one of the following: the preset test time is met, and the application in the cloud desktop is updated. For example, the preset test time is 9 am every day, then at 9 am every day, the cloud terminal obtains the test script from the local preset storage space to test the cloud system. For another example, if a new application is added to the cloud desktop, it will trigger the cloud terminal to obtain the test script from the local preset storage space to test the cloud system.
  • test scripts can be reused, which not only saves the manpower and time costs required for writing test scripts, but also enables the test scripts to be applicable to more cloud system testing scenarios, greatly improving the testing efficiency of the cloud system.
  • the operation instruction after receiving an operation instruction input from an external device to a cloud terminal, the operation instruction can be redirected to a cloud desktop to trigger the cloud desktop to execute an operation event corresponding to the operation instruction, obtain a standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction, and display the standard operation result on the display interface of the cloud desktop. Then, the cloud terminal can obtain a standard image corresponding to the operation instruction by performing a screenshot operation on the display interface of the cloud desktop.
  • the operation instruction can be used to generate a test script.
  • the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction is the standard operation result corresponding to the test script generated using the operation instruction.
  • the standard image corresponding to the operation instruction is the standard image corresponding to the test script generated using the operation instruction.
  • the result generated by the operation event is monitored, and the monitoring can be used to determine whether the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction occurs.
  • a screenshot operation is performed on the display interface of the cloud desktop to obtain a standard image corresponding to the operation instruction, which must include the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction.
  • the cloud desktop executes the operation event corresponding to the operation instruction, it issues an inquiry on whether to perform a screenshot operation at a certain interval (for example, every 2 seconds).
  • the inquiry content may be displayed on the display interface of the cloud desktop, and the inquiry content includes whether to perform a screenshot operation.
  • the cloud desktop performs the screenshot operation and obtains a standard image corresponding to the operation instruction.
  • the confirmation operation for the inquiry can be performed by the user; it can also be performed by the monitoring module of the cloud desktop.
  • the monitoring module has the function of monitoring whether the standard operation result occurs.
  • the confirmation operation for the inquiry is triggered. Since when the cloud desktop receives the confirmation operation for the inquiry, it means that the standard operation result has occurred, so the standard image obtained by the screenshot at this time must include the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction.
  • the cloud terminal will redirect the operation instruction to the cloud desktop, triggering the cloud desktop to perform an operation event, and each time the cloud desktop performs an operation event, the cloud terminal will perform a screenshot operation to obtain the standard images corresponding to the current operation events.
  • the cloud terminal determines that the input of the operation instruction is completed, it stops capturing the operation instruction and stores all the captured operation instructions and their corresponding standard images. Among them, all the captured operation instructions are used to generate a test script.
  • the cloud terminal can determine that the input of the operation instruction has ended in any of the following situations: no operation instruction is captured within a preset time length, and information used to identify the end of the input of the operation instruction is received.
  • the external device first inputs operation instruction 1, and the cloud terminal redirects operation instruction 1 to the cloud desktop, triggering the cloud desktop to execute the operation event corresponding to operation instruction 1, and perform the screenshot operation to obtain the standard image A corresponding to operation instruction 1. Then, the external device inputs operation instruction 2, and the cloud terminal redirects operation instruction 2 to the cloud desktop, triggering the cloud desktop to execute the operation event corresponding to operation instruction 2, and perform Screenshot operation, obtain the standard image B corresponding to operation instruction 2.
  • the cloud desktop can obtain the standard images corresponding to multiple operation instructions.
  • the cloud desktop can store each operation instruction and its corresponding standard image in association, for example, operation instruction 1 and standard image A are stored in association, and operation instruction 2 and standard image B are stored in association.
  • operation instruction 1 and standard image A are stored in association
  • operation instruction 2 and standard image B are stored in association.
  • the test script after obtaining the test script, can be redirected to the cloud desktop. Since the test script corresponds to the operation type corresponding to the operation instruction, by redirecting the test script to the cloud desktop, the cloud desktop can be triggered to execute the test action corresponding to the operation type in the test script, thereby obtaining the test action execution result corresponding to the test action, and displaying the test action execution result on the display interface of the cloud desktop. Then execute S206, that is, obtain the test image corresponding to the test action.
  • the test image corresponding to the test action can be obtained by performing a screenshot operation on the display interface of the cloud desktop.
  • the cloud desktop can execute the corresponding test actions in the order of the multiple operation types corresponding to the test script.
  • the cloud terminal will execute a screenshot operation for the current test action, thereby obtaining a test image corresponding to each test action.
  • each test action may correspond to multiple test images, that is, for each test action, the cloud terminal performs multiple screenshot operations respectively, and the multiple images obtained by the multiple screenshot operations are the multiple test images corresponding to the test action.
  • the display interface when performing a screenshot operation on the display interface of the cloud desktop, can be screenshotted at a preset time interval within the preset test duration corresponding to the test action to obtain multiple test images corresponding to the test action.
  • the preset test duration is the waiting time after the cloud desktop performs the test action. For example, if the preset time interval is 1 second, then after the cloud desktop performs the test action, a screenshot operation is performed every 1 second until the preset test duration is reached.
  • the generation of the test action execution result can be Delays may occur. For example, after the cloud desktop executes the action of opening a file, the file may not be opened until 3 seconds later, which means that the test action execution result caused by the file opening action has a 3-second delay. Therefore, the preset test duration should be set to be greater than or equal to the delay duration of the test action execution result, so as to ensure that within the preset test duration, at least one of the multiple screenshot operations can obtain a test image that can represent the test action execution result, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test result corresponding to the cloud system.
  • the first image similarity between the standard image and the test image can be calculated. If the first image similarity is greater than or equal to a preset similarity threshold, the test result is determined to be consistent with the standard operation result and the test action execution result.
  • each test action can correspond to multiple test images
  • the second image similarity between each test image corresponding to the test action and the standard image can be calculated. If, among the second image similarities between each test image and the standard image, there is at least one test image whose second image similarity is greater than or equal to a preset similarity threshold, then the test result is determined to be consistent with the standard operation result and the test action execution result. If the first image similarity is less than the preset similarity threshold, or there is no test image with a second image similarity less than the preset similarity threshold, then the test result can be determined to be inconsistent with the standard operation result and the test action execution result.
  • any existing image similarity calculation algorithm can be used to calculate the image similarity between the test image and the standard image. Since the image similarity calculation algorithm is an existing technology, it will not be described in detail.
  • the test result is determined by calculating the image similarity between the test image and the standard image, so that the test result can be objectively and quantitatively characterized, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the test result.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a test script generation method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 , the method is applied to the cloud system shown in FIG. 1 , and includes:
  • the operation instructions input from the external device to the cloud terminal can be executed by the user, for example, the user can If an external device (such as a mouse, keyboard, etc.) performs an operation on the cloud terminal, it can be considered that the user has input an operation instruction to the cloud terminal through the external device.
  • an external device such as a mouse, keyboard, etc.
  • the operation instruction includes an operation type, which is used to characterize what kind of operation the external device specifically performs, such as single-click operation, double-click operation, refresh operation, input operation, etc.
  • the external device includes a keyboard and a mouse, and when the user performs a character input operation using the keyboard, or performs a single-click or double-click operation using the mouse, it is determined that the operation instruction input by the external device to the cloud terminal is captured.
  • the cloud desktop executes the operation event corresponding to the operation instruction, obtains the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction, and displays the standard operation result on the display interface of the cloud desktop.
  • the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction, or the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script.
  • the redirection module redirects the multiple operation instructions to the cloud desktop in sequence, and the cloud desktop executes the operation event corresponding to each operation instruction in sequence to obtain the standard operation result corresponding to each operation instruction.
  • the standard image corresponding to each operation instruction is obtained.
  • the test script corresponds to the operation type of the operation instruction, or in other words, the test script includes script content corresponding to the operation type.
  • the test action of which operation type is to be executed can be determined according to the script content corresponding to the operation type included in the test script.
  • S305 can be executed at any time after S301. That is, as long as the cloud terminal captures the operation instruction input by the external device, a test script can be generated according to the operation instruction.
  • the action of generating the test script and the screenshot action of the cloud terminal background can be executed in parallel or in sequence, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • this embodiment automatically generates test scripts according to the operation instructions input from the external device to the cloud terminal, so that the generation of test scripts no longer depends on human writing, thereby saving a lot of manpower and time costs.
  • the test scripts can be reused, so that the test scripts can be applied to more cloud system test scenarios, greatly improving the test efficiency of the cloud system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a cloud system testing method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4 , the method is applied to the cloud system shown in FIG. 1 , and includes:
  • the cloud terminal obtains a test script corresponding to the cloud system and a standard image corresponding to the test script.
  • the test script is generated based on the operation instruction inputted by the external device to the cloud terminal, and the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction, or the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script.
  • the test script corresponds to at least one operation type.
  • test script and its corresponding standard image may be obtained from the local preset storage space of the cloud terminal, or a new test script may be regenerated according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the cloud desktop executes a test action corresponding to the operation type according to the operation type corresponding to the test script.
  • the cloud terminal backend performs a screenshot operation at a preset time interval within a preset test duration corresponding to the test action to obtain a plurality of test images corresponding to the test action.
  • the test image is used to characterize the test action execution result corresponding to the test action.
  • the preset test duration is the waiting time after the cloud desktop executes the test action. For example, if the preset time interval is 1 second, then after the cloud desktop executes the test action, a screenshot operation is performed every 1 second until the preset test duration is reached.
  • the preset test duration should be set to be greater than or equal to the delay duration of the test result to ensure that within the preset test duration, at least one of the multiple screenshot operations results in a test image that can characterize the test action execution result.
  • test actions should also include multiple test images. In this way, by executing S404, multiple test images corresponding to each test action can be obtained.
  • the multiple operation types in the test script can be identified by unique numbers.
  • the standard images stored locally in the cloud terminal can also be added with unique numbers corresponding to the operation types.
  • the unique numbers corresponding to the multiple operation types in the test script should be consistent with the unique numbers recorded locally in the cloud terminal. In this way, by matching the unique numbers, it can be determined which standard image to compare the multiple test images corresponding to the test action with.
  • S408 Determine that the test result is a test failure, and store multiple test images corresponding to the test actions of the test failure locally in the cloud terminal.
  • the multiple test images corresponding to the test actions that failed the test can be used as a basis for subsequent investigation of the cause of the test failure.
  • this embodiment does not need to configure an agent in the cloud desktop, that is, no changes are made to the cloud system.
  • the cloud system can be automatically tested only through the interaction between the cloud terminal and the cloud desktop, making the cloud system test more efficient and universal, while solving the problem of mutual isolation between the local networks of the cloud desktop and the cloud terminal.
  • the technical solution determines the test results by comparing the standard image and the test image, and based on the high accuracy characteristics of the image recognition technology, the cloud system test results are more accurate.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a cloud system testing device.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram of a testing device for a cloud system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device is applied to a cloud terminal in a cloud system, and includes: a first acquisition module 51, used to acquire a test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and a standard image corresponding to the test script; the standard image is used to characterize the standard operation result corresponding to the test script; a first redirection module 52, used to redirect the test script to a cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform a corresponding test action according to the test script; a second acquisition module 53, used to acquire a test image corresponding to the test action; the test image is used to characterize the test action execution result corresponding to the test action; a determination module 54, used to determine the test result corresponding to the cloud system based on the standard image and the test image.
  • a first acquisition module 51 used to acquire a test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and a standard image corresponding to the test script
  • the device also includes: a capture module, which is used to capture the operation instructions input by the external device to the cloud terminal before obtaining the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested; the operation instructions include an operation type; a generation module, which is used to generate the test script in a preset script format according to the operation instructions; the preset script format is a script that can be recognized by the cloud terminal; the test script corresponds to the operation type.
  • a capture module which is used to capture the operation instructions input by the external device to the cloud terminal before obtaining the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested
  • the operation instructions include an operation type
  • a generation module which is used to generate the test script in a preset script format according to the operation instructions
  • the preset script format is a script that can be recognized by the cloud terminal
  • the test script corresponds to the operation type.
  • the device also includes: a second redirection module, which is used to receive the operation instructions input by the external device to the cloud terminal before obtaining the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and redirect the operation instructions to the cloud desktop to trigger the cloud desktop to execute the operation event corresponding to the operation instruction, obtain the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction, and display the standard operation result on the display interface of the cloud desktop; a screenshot module, which is used to perform a screenshot operation on the display interface of the cloud desktop to obtain the standard image corresponding to the operation instruction.
  • a second redirection module which is used to receive the operation instructions input by the external device to the cloud terminal before obtaining the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and redirect the operation instructions to the cloud desktop to trigger the cloud desktop to execute the operation event corresponding to the operation instruction, obtain the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction, and display the standard operation result on the display interface of the cloud desktop
  • a screenshot module which is used to perform a screenshot operation on the display interface of the cloud desktop to obtain the standard
  • the second acquisition module 53 includes: a screenshot unit, configured to perform a screenshot operation on the display interface of the cloud desktop to obtain the test image corresponding to the test action.
  • the determination module 54 includes: a first calculation unit, configured to calculate the a first image similarity between a standard image and the test image; and a first determining unit, configured to determine that the test result is a test pass if the first image similarity is greater than or equal to a preset similarity threshold.
  • each of the test actions corresponds to multiple test images; the screenshot unit is used to take a screenshot of the display interface at a preset time interval within a preset test duration corresponding to the test action to obtain the multiple test images corresponding to the test action.
  • the determination module 54 includes: a second calculation unit, used to calculate the second image similarity between each of the test images corresponding to the test action and the standard image; a second determination unit, used to determine that the test result is a test pass if there is at least one test image whose second image similarity is greater than or equal to a preset similarity threshold.
  • the first acquisition module 51 includes: a monitoring unit, used to monitor whether the cloud system meets preset test conditions; the preset test conditions include at least one of the following: meeting the preset test time, the application in the cloud desktop is updated; an acquisition unit, used to, if so, obtain the test script from the preset storage space of the cloud terminal.
  • the cloud terminal obtains the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and the standard image corresponding to the test script, wherein the standard image is used to characterize the standard operation result corresponding to the test script, and then redirects the test script to the cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform the corresponding test action according to the test script, and then, by obtaining the test image corresponding to the test action, the test result corresponding to the cloud system is determined according to the standard image and the test image, and the test image is used to characterize the test action execution result corresponding to the test action.
  • the device does not need to configure an agent in the cloud desktop, that is, there is no need to make any changes to the cloud system, and the automated testing of the cloud system can be achieved only through the interaction between the cloud terminal and the cloud desktop, so that the testing of the cloud system is more efficient and universal, and the problem of mutual isolation between the local networks of the cloud desktop and the cloud terminal is solved. And there is no need for users to manually write test scripts, thereby saving a lot of manpower and time costs.
  • the device determines the test results by comparing the standard image and the test image, and based on the high accuracy characteristics of image recognition technology, the cloud system test results are more accurate.
  • test device of the cloud system in FIG5 can be used to implement the above
  • the detailed description of the cloud system testing method described in this article should be similar to the description in the previous method part. To avoid tediousness, it will not be repeated here.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, as shown in FIG6 .
  • the electronic device may have relatively large differences due to different configurations or performances, and may include one or more processors 601 and a memory 602, and one or more storage applications or data may be stored in the memory 602.
  • the memory 602 may be a short-term storage or a persistent storage.
  • the application stored in the memory 602 may include one or more modules (not shown in the figure), and each module may include a series of computer executable instructions in the electronic device.
  • the processor 601 may be configured to communicate with the memory 602 to execute a series of computer executable instructions in the memory 602 on the electronic device.
  • the electronic device may also include one or more power supplies 603, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 604, one or more input and output interfaces 605, and one or more keyboards 606.
  • the electronic device includes a memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory, and the one or more programs may include one or more modules, and each module may include a series of computer executable instructions in the electronic device, and is configured to be executed by one or more processors.
  • the one or more programs include the following computer executable instructions: obtaining a test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and a standard image corresponding to the test script; the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script; redirecting the test script to a cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform a corresponding test action according to the test script; obtaining a test image corresponding to the test action; the test image is used to represent the test action execution result corresponding to the test action; and determining the test result corresponding to the cloud system based on the standard image and the test image.
  • the cloud terminal obtains the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested and the standard image corresponding to the test script, wherein the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script, and then redirects the test script to the cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform the corresponding test action according to the test script, and then obtains the test image corresponding to the test action.
  • the test result corresponding to the cloud system is determined, and the test image is used to characterize the test action execution result corresponding to the test action.
  • the automated testing of the cloud system can be achieved only through the interaction between the cloud terminal and the cloud desktop. Therefore, the testing of the cloud system is more efficient and universal, and at the same time solves the problem of mutual isolation between the local networks of the cloud desktop and the cloud terminal. And there is no need for users to manually write test scripts, thus saving a lot of manpower and time costs.
  • this technical solution determines the test results by comparing the standard image and the test image, and based on the high accuracy characteristics of image recognition technology, the test results of the cloud system are more accurate.
  • An embodiment of the present application also proposes a storage medium, which stores one or more computer programs, which include instructions.
  • the electronic device can execute each process of the above-mentioned cloud system test method embodiment, and are specifically used to execute: obtaining a test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and a standard image corresponding to the test script; the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the operation instruction; redirecting the test script to a cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to execute the corresponding test action according to the test script; obtaining a test image corresponding to the test action; the test image is used to represent the test action execution result corresponding to the test action; and determining the test result corresponding to the cloud system based on the standard image and the test image.
  • the cloud terminal obtains the test script corresponding to the cloud system to be tested, and the standard image corresponding to the test script, wherein the standard image is used to represent the standard operation result corresponding to the test script, and then redirects the test script to the cloud desktop in the cloud system to trigger the cloud desktop to perform the corresponding test action according to the test script, and then obtains the test image corresponding to the test action, and determines the test result corresponding to the cloud system according to the standard image and the test image, and the test image is used to represent the test action execution result corresponding to the test action.
  • this technical solution does not require the configuration of an agent in the cloud desktop, that is, there is no need to make any changes to the cloud system, and the automated testing of the cloud system can be achieved only through the interaction between the cloud terminal and the cloud desktop, thereby making the testing of the cloud system more efficient and universal, and at the same time solving the problem of mutual isolation between the local networks of the cloud desktop and the cloud terminal. And there is no need for users to manually write Test scripts can be created to save a lot of manpower and time.
  • this technical solution determines the test results by comparing the standard image and the test image. Based on the high accuracy of image recognition technology, the cloud system test results are more accurate.
  • a typical implementation device is a computer.
  • the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular phone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
  • the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
  • a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
  • processors CPU
  • input/output interfaces network interfaces
  • memory volatile and non-volatile memory
  • Memory may include non-permanent storage in a computer-readable medium, in the form of random access memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash RAM flash memory
  • Computer readable media include permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can be implemented by any method or technology to store information.
  • Information can be computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data.
  • Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any other non-transmission media that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device.
  • computer readable media does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
  • the present application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as Such as program modules.
  • program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types.
  • the present application can also be practiced in distributed computing environments, in which tasks are performed by remote processing devices connected through a communication network.
  • program modules can be located in local and remote computer storage media including storage devices.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种云系统的测试方法及装置。所述方法包括：获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述测试脚本对应的标准操作结果；将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。

Description

云系统的测试方法及装置
交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年09月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211210793.0、发明名称为“云系统的测试方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本说明书涉及自动化测试技术领域，尤其涉及一种云系统的测试方法及装置。
背景技术
近年来云桌面越发普及，作为云桌面体系的终端设备之一，云桌面的需求增长也带动了云终端产品市场的繁荣。云终端具有独立的操作系统，兼容鼠标、键盘等外设，通过各种协议连接到运行在云服务器上的桌面，其主要作用是显示云端的桌面，以及将云终端的输出输入数据重定向到云端服务器上。因此，云终端结合云桌面的自动化测试，和传统计算机的测试思路有较大区别。
在一些情形下，考虑到网络安全问题，常见的云桌面网络策略是虚拟机和云终端的本地网络进行隔离，云桌面运行于局域网环境，本地网络无法直接向云桌面发送指令。因此在云终端结合云桌面的自动化测试方面，通常是通过云桌面内的代理与虚拟桌面通信，或者将键鼠盒子映射到待测终端运行的云桌面上。这种测试方法需要在云桌面内配置代理，不仅操作复杂，且对于不同的云桌面均需分别配置代理，不具备通用性。
因此，提供一种高效、可复用的终端到云端的自动化测试方法成为了一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种云系统的测试方法及装置。
本申请实施例是这样实现的：
一方面，本申请实施例提供一种云系统的测试方法，应用于所述云系统中的云终端，所述方法包括：获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述测试脚本对应的标准操作结果；将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。
另一方面，本申请实施例提供一种云系统的测试装置，应用于所述云系统中的云终端，所述装置包括：第一获取模块，用于获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述测试脚本对应的标准操作结果；第一重定向模块，用于将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；第二获取模块，用于获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；第一确定模块，用于根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。
再一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括处理器和与所述处理器电连接的存储器，所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述处理器用于从所述存储器调用并执行所述计算机程序以实现上述云系统的测试方法。
再一方面，本申请实施例提供一种存储介质，用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序能够被处理器执行以实现上述云系统的测试方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本说明书一个或多个实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书一个或多个实施例中记载的一些实施例， 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的示意性场景图；
图2是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的测试方法的示意性流程图；
图3是根据本申请一实施例的一种测试脚本生成方法的示意性流程图；
图4是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的测试方法的示意性流程图；
图5是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的测试装置的示意性框图；
图6是根据本申请一实施例的一种电子设备的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例提供一种云系统的测试方法及装置，用以解决现有的云系统测试方法效率较低、且不具备通用性的问题。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
图1是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的示意性场景图。如图1所示，云系统包括云终端和云桌面，其中，云终端和云桌面之间设置有通信网络，云终端外接至少一个外部设备，如鼠标、键盘等。云终端具有独立的操作系统，通过各种通信协议连接到云桌面，云终端作为虚拟桌面的接入终端，搭载高性能低功耗的处理器，可将外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令(或操作事件)重定向到云桌面。可选地，云终端内置或者外接一个重定向模块(图1中以外接重定向模块示意)，重定向模块具备重定向功能，当外部设备向云终端输入操作指令(或操作事件)时，通过重定向模块可将操作指令(或操作事件)重定向至云桌面。云桌面通过虚拟化技术，创建有多台拥有相对独立的处理器与内 存资源的虚拟机，用户使用虚拟机的桌面，与正常使用电脑类似。
图2是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的测试方法的示意性流程图，如图2所示，该方法应用于图1所示的云终端，包括：
S202，获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及测试脚本对应的标准图像，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果。
可选地，测试脚本可基于外部设备对云终端输入的操作指令所生成。测试脚本对应的标准图像，即为用于生成测试脚本的操作指令所对应的标准图像。测试脚本对应的标准测试结果，即为用于生成测试脚本的操作指令所对应的标准测试结果。其中，操作指令对应的标准图像和标准测试结果的获取方式，将在下述实施例中详细说明。
S204，将测试脚本重定向至云系统中的云桌面，以触发云桌面根据测试脚本执行相应的测试动作。
S206，获取测试动作对应的测试图像，该测试图像用于表征测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果。
S208，根据标准图像和测试图像，确定云系统对应的测试结果。
采用本申请实施例的技术方案，云终端通过获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及测试脚本对应的标准图像，其中，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果，进而将测试脚本重定向至云系统中的云桌面，以触发云桌面根据测试脚本执行相应的测试动作，然后，通过获取测试动作对应的测试图像，根据标准图像和测试图像，确定云系统对应的测试结果，测试图像用于表征测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果。可见，该技术方案无需在云桌面中配置代理，即无需对云系统做任何改动，仅通过云终端和云桌面的交互即可实现云系统的自动化测试，因此使得云系统的测试更加高效、且具备通用性，同时解决了云桌面和云终端的本地网络之间相互隔离的问题。并且无需用户手动编写测试脚本，从而节省大量的人力和时间成本。此外，该技术方案通过比对标准图像和测试图像来确定测试结果，基于图像识别技术的高准确性特征，使得云 系统测试结果更加准确。
下面针对上述实施例中的S202-S208进行详细说明。
在一个实施例中，执行S202时，即获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本时，可获取云终端本地存储的测试脚本，也可根据外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令实时生成测试脚本。其中，外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令可由用户执行，例如，用户通过外部设备(如鼠标、键盘等)对云终端执行操作，即可认为用户通过外部设备向云终端输入了操作指令。
可选地，在首次对云系统进行测试时，通过如下动作A1-A2生成测试脚本：
动作A1，捕获外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令，该操作指令包括操作类型。
其中，操作类型用于表征外部设备具体执行了何种操作，例如单击操作、双击操作、刷新操作、输入操作等操作类型。例如，外部设备包括键盘和鼠标，当用户使用键盘执行了字符输入操作，或者使用鼠标执行了单击或双击操作，则确定捕获到外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令。
动作A2，根据操作指令，生成符合预设脚本格式的测试脚本，其中，预设脚本格式为能够被云终端识别的脚本，测试脚本与操作类型相对应。
其中，在根据操作指令生成符合预设脚本格式的测试脚本时，可按照预设脚本格式对操作指令进行脚本的格式转换，即可得到测试脚本。测试脚本与操作类型相对应，可理解为测试脚本中包括与操作类型相对应的脚本内容。在云桌面根据测试脚本执行测试动作时，根据测试脚本中包括的与操作类型相对应的脚本内容，即可确定出执行何种操作类型的测试动作。
本实施例中，通过根据外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令生成测试脚本，使得用户无需手动编写测试脚本，从而节省大量的人力和时间成本。
本实施例中，若外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令包括多个，则外部设备每次输入一个操作指令，云终端就会将操作指令重定向至云桌面，触发云桌面执行一次操作事件。云终端确定操作指令输入结束之后，停止捕获操作指令， 并根据捕获到的全部操作指令生成测试脚本，测试脚本与每个操作指令分别对应的操作类型相对应，或者，测试脚本中包括与每个操作指令分别对应的操作类型相对应的脚本内容。可选地，云终端可在下述任一情况下，确定操作指令输入结束：在预设时长内没有捕获到操作指令、接收到用于标识操作指令输入结束的信息。
在生成测试脚本之后，可将测试脚本存储至云终端本地，这样，在下一次对云系统进行测试时，就无需再利用外部设备向云终端输入操作指令了，直接获取本地存储的测试脚本即可进行云系统的测试。
可选地，将测试脚本存储至云终端本地之后，可监测云系统是否满足预设测试条件；若是，则从云终端的预设存储空间获取测试脚本，并基于获取到的测试脚本对云系统进行测试。其中，预设存储空间用于存储测试脚本。
预设测试条件可包括以下至少一项：符合预设测试时间、云桌面中的应用程序被更新。例如，预设测试时间为每天上午9点，则在每天上午9点时，云终端从本地的预设存储空间获取测试脚本，对云系统进行测试。再例如，云桌面中新增了一个应用程序，就会触发云终端从本地的预设存储空间获取测试脚本，实现对云系统的测试。
可见，本实施例中，通过将测试脚本存储至云终端本地，使得测试脚本能够被重复使用，从而不仅节省了编写测试脚本所需的人力和时间成本，还能够使测试脚本能够适用于更多的云系统测试场景，大大提高了云系统的测试效率。
在一个实施例中，接收到外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令，可将操作指令重定向至云桌面，以触发云桌面执行操作指令对应的操作事件，得到操作指令对应的标准操作结果，并将标准操作结果显示于云桌面的显示界面上。然后，云终端通过对云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，即可得到操作指令对应的标准图像。其中，操作指令可用于生成测试脚本。操作指令对应的标准操作结果，即为利用该操作指令生成的测试脚本所对应的标准操作结果。操作指令对应的标准图像，即为利用该操作指令生成的测试脚本所对应的标准图像。
可选地，云桌面执行操作指令对应的操作事件之后，对操作事件所产生的结果进行监测，通过监测即可确定操作指令对应的标准操作结果是否发生。在确定操作指令对应的标准操作结果发生之后，再对云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，得到操作指令对应的标准图像，该标准图像中必然包括操作指令对应的标准操作结果。
可选地，云桌面执行操作指令对应的操作事件之后，每隔一段时间(比如每隔2秒)发出是否进行截图操作的询问，比如可在云桌面的显示界面上显示询问内容，询问内容包括是否进行截图操作。当接收到对该询问的确认操作(即确认执行截图操作)时，云桌面执行截图操作，得到操作指令对应的标准图像。其中，对询问的确认操作可由用户执行；也可由云桌面的监测模块执行，监测模块具有监测标准操作结果是否发生的功能，当监测模块监测到标准操作结果发生时，触发针对询问的确认操作。由于云桌面接收到对询问的确认操作时，说明标准操作结果已经发生，因此此时截图得到的标准图像中必然包括操作指令对应的标准操作结果。
若外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令包括多个，则外部设备每次输入一个操作指令，云终端就会将操作指令重定向至云桌面，触发云桌面执行一次操作事件，并在云桌面每执行一次操作事件时，云终端就会执行一次截图操作，得到当前操作事件分别对应的标准图像。云终端确定操作指令输入结束之后，停止捕获操作指令，并存储捕获到的全部操作指令及其对应的标准图像。其中，捕获到的全部操作指令用于生成测试脚本。可选地，云终端可在下述任一情况下，确定操作指令输入结束：在预设时长内没有捕获到操作指令、接收到用于标识操作指令输入结束的信息。
例如，外部设备首先输入操作指令1，云终端将操作指令1重定向至云桌面，触发云桌面执行操作指令1对应的操作事件，并执行截图操作，得到操作指令1对应的标准图像A。然后，外部设备再输入操作指令2，云终端将操作指令2重定向至云桌面，触发云桌面执行操作指令2对应的操作事件，并执行 截图操作，得到操作指令2对应的标准图像B。按照上述执行顺序，云桌面可获取到多个操作指令分别对应的标准图像，可选地，为确保测试结果的准确性，云桌面可将每个操作指令及其对应的标准图像关联存储，例如，操作指令1和标准图像A进行关联存储，操作指令2和标准图像B进行关联存储。这样，在后续将测试图像和标准图像进行比对时，就能够根据关联存储的信息，将具有关联关系的测试图像和标准图像进行比对。
在一个实施例中，在获取到测试脚本之后，可将测试脚本重定向至云桌面，由于测试脚本与操作指令对应的操作类型相对应，因此通过将测试脚本重定向至云桌面，能够触发云桌面执行与测试脚本中的操作类型对应的测试动作，从而得到测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果，并将测试动作执行结果显示于云桌面的显示界面上。然后执行S206，即获取测试动作对应的测试图像。可选地，可通过对云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，从而得到测试动作对应的测试图像。
本实施例中，若测试脚本与多个操作指令分别对应的操作类型相对应，则在触发云桌面执行测试动作之后，云桌面可按照测试脚本对应的多个操作类型的顺序依次执行对应的测试动作。并且，云桌面每执行一次测试动作，云终端就会执行针对当前测试动作的截图操作，从而得到每个测试动作分别对应的测试图像。
为确保测试结果的准确性，每个测试动作可对应多个测试图像，即，针对每个测试动作，云终端分别执行多次截图操作，多次截图操作得到的多张图像即为测试动作对应的多个测试图像。
可选地，对云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作时，可在测试动作对应的预设测试时长内，按照预设时间间隔对显示界面进行截图，得到测试动作对应的多个测试图像。预设测试时长即为云桌面执行测试动作之后的等待时长。例如，预设时间间隔为1秒，则在云桌面执行测试动作之后，每隔1秒执行一次截图操作，直至达到预设测试时长。
本实施例中，由于云桌面执行测试动作之后，测试动作执行结果的生成可 能会发生延迟，例如，云桌面执行对某个文件的打开动作之后，文件可能会在3秒之后才会被打开，这就说明文件的打开动作所带来的测试动作执行结果发生了3秒的延迟。因此，预设测试时长的设定应大于或等于测试动作执行结果的延时时长，从而确保在预设测试时长内，多次截图操作中至少有一次截图操作得到的测试图像能够表征测试动作执行结果，进而确保云系统对应的测试结果的准确性。
在一个实施例中，执行S208时，即根据标准图像和测试图像，确定云系统对应的测试结果时，可计算标准图像和测试图像之间的第一图像相似度，若第一图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值，则确定测试结果为标准操作结果和测试动作执行结果一致。
若每个测试动作可对应多个测试图像，则针对每个测试动作确定测试结果时，可计算测试动作对应的每个测试图像和标准图像之间的第二图像相似度，若每个测试图像和标准图像之间的第二图像相似度中，存在至少一个测试图像对应的第二图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值，则确定测试结果为标准操作结果和测试动作执行结果一致。若第一图像相似度小于预设相似度阈值，或者不存在小于预设相似度阈值的第二图像相似度的测试图像，则可确定测试结果为标准操作结果和测试动作执行结果不一致。
其中，可采用现有的任一种图像相似度计算算法来计算测试图像和标准图像之间的图像相似度，由于图像相似度计算算法为现有技术，因此不作赘述。
本实施例中，通过计算测试图像和标准图像之间的图像相似度来确定测试结果，使得测试结果能够被客观、量化地表征出来，从而确保测试结果的准确性。
图3是根据本申请一实施例的一种测试脚本生成方法的示意性流程图，如图3所示，该方法应用于图1所示的云系统，包括：
S301，通过外部设备向云终端输入操作指令。
其中，外部设备向云终端输入操作指令可由用户执行，例如，用户通过外 部设备(如鼠标、键盘等)对云终端执行操作，即可认为用户通过外部设备向云终端输入了操作指令。
操作指令包括操作类型，操作类型用于表征外部设备具体执行了何种操作，例如单击操作、双击操作、刷新操作、输入操作等操作类型。例如，外部设备包括键盘和鼠标，当用户使用键盘执行了字符输入操作，或者使用鼠标执行了单击或双击操作，则确定捕获到外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令。
S302，通过云终端接入的重定向模块，将操作指令重定向至云桌面。
S303，云桌面执行操作指令对应的操作事件，得到操作指令对应的标准操作结果，并将标准操作结果显示于云桌面的显示界面上。
S304，在云终端后台执行截图操作，得到操作指令对应的标准图像。
其中，标准图像用于表征操作指令对应的标准操作结果，或者，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果。
可选地，若外部设备向云终端输入了多个操作指令，则重定向模块依次将多个操作指令重定向至云桌面，云桌面依次执行每个操作指令对应的操作事件，得到每个操作指令分别对应的标准操作结果。并且，通过云终端后台执行的截图操作，得到每个操作指令对应的标准图像。
S305，按照重定向模块能够识别的预设脚本格式，将操作指令转换为符合预设脚本格式的测试脚本。
其中，测试脚本与操作指令的操作类型相对应，或者说，测试脚本中包括与操作类型相对应的脚本内容。在云桌面根据测试脚本执行测试动作时，根据测试脚本中包括的与操作类型相对应的脚本内容，即可确定出执行何种操作类型的测试动作。
可选地，S305可执行于S301之后的任一时机。也就是说，只要云终端捕获到了外部设备输入的操作指令，即可根据操作指令生成测试脚本。生成测试脚本的动作与云终端后台的截图动作可并行执行，也可依次执行，本实施例对此不作限定。
S306，将测试脚本及其对应的标准图像存储于云终端本地的预设存储空间。
可见，本实施例通过根据外部设备向云终端输入的操作指令自动生成测试脚本，使得测试脚本的生成不再依赖于人力编写，从而节省大量的人力和时间成本。并且，通过将测试脚本存储于云终端本地，使得测试脚本能够被重复使用，从而能够使测试脚本能够适用于更多的云系统测试场景，大大提高了云系统的测试效率。
图4是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的测试方法的示意性流程图，如图4所示，该方法应用于图1所示的云系统，包括：
S401，云终端获取云系统对应的测试脚本，以及测试脚本对应的标准图像。
其中，测试脚本基于外部设备对云终端输入的操作指令所生成，标准图像用于表征操作指令对应的标准操作结果，或者，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果。测试脚本与至少一个操作类型相对应。
该步骤中，可从云终端本地的预设存储空间获取测试脚本及其对应的标准图像，也可按照图3所示实施例重新生成新的测试脚本。
S402，通过云终端接入的重定向模块，将测试脚本重定向至云系统中的云桌面。
S403，云桌面根据测试脚本对应的操作类型，执行与操作类型相应的测试动作。
S404，云终端后台在测试动作对应的预设测试时长内，按照预设时间间隔执行截图操作，得到测试动作对应的多个测试图像。
其中，测试图像用于表征测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果。预设测试时长即为云桌面执行测试动作之后的等待时长。例如，预设时间间隔为1秒，则在云桌面执行测试动作之后，每隔1秒执行一次截图操作，直至达到预设测试时长。预设测试时长的设定应大于或等于测试结果的延时时长，以确保在预设测试时长内，多次截图操作中至少有一次截图操作得到的测试图像能够表征测试动作执行结果。
可选地，若测试脚本中包括多个操作类型，则测试动作也应包括多个。这样，通过执行S404，能够得到每个测试动作分别对应的多个测试图像。
S405，针对每个测试动作，计算测试动作对应的多个测试图像和对应的标准图像之间的图像相似度。
若测试脚本与多个操作类型相对应，则测试脚本中的多个操作类型可通过唯一性编号进行标识。同时，云终端本地存储的标准图像也可对应添加有操作类型对应的唯一性编号。测试脚本中多个操作类型对应的唯一性编号应与云终端本地中记录的唯一性编号一致，这样，通过匹配唯一性编号，即可确定将测试动作对应的多个测试图像和哪个标准图像进行比对。
S406，判断是否存在至少一个图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值的测试图像。若是，则执行S407；若否，则执行S408。
S407，确定测试结果为测试成功。
S408，确定测试结果为测试失败，将测试失败的测试动作对应的多个测试图像存储至云终端本地。
本实施例中，通过将测试失败的测试动作对应的多个测试图像存储至云终端本地，使得测试失败的测试动作对应的多个测试图像能够作为后续排查测试失败原因的依据。
可见，本实施例无需在云桌面中配置代理，即无需对云系统做任何改动，仅通过云终端和云桌面的交互即可实现云系统的自动化测试，因此使得云系统的测试更加高效、且具备通用性，同时解决了云桌面和云终端的本地网络之间相互隔离的问题。此外，该技术方案通过比对标准图像和测试图像来确定测试结果，基于图像识别技术的高准确性特征，使得云系统测试结果更加准确。
综上，已经对本主题的特定实施例进行了描述。其它实施例在所附权利要求书的范围内。在一些情况下，在权利要求书中记载的动作可以按照不同的顺序来执行并且仍然可以实现期望的结果。另外，在附图中描绘的过程不一定要求示出的特定顺序或者连续顺序，以实现期望的结果。在某些实施方式中，多 任务处理和并行处理可以是有利的。
以上为本申请实施例提供的云系统的测试方法，基于同样的思路，本申请实施例还提供一种云系统的测试装置。
图5是根据本申请一实施例的一种云系统的测试装置的示意性框图，如图5所示，该装置应用于云系统中的云终端，包括：第一获取模块51，用于获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述测试脚本对应的标准操作结果；第一重定向模块52，用于将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；第二获取模块53，用于获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；确定模块54，用于根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。
在一个实施例中，所述装置还包括：捕获模块，用于获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本之前，捕获所述外部设备向所述云终端输入的操作指令；所述操作指令包括操作类型；生成模块，用于根据所述操作指令，生成符合预设脚本格式的所述测试脚本；所述预设脚本格式为能够被所述云终端识别的脚本；所述测试脚本与所述操作类型相对应。
在一个实施例中，所述装置还包括：第二重定向模块，用于获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本之前，，接收所述外部设备向所述云终端输入的操作指令，将所述操作指令重定向至所述云桌面，以触发所述云桌面执行所述操作指令对应的操作事件，得到所述操作指令对应的所述标准操作结果，并将所述标准操作结果显示于所述云桌面的显示界面上；截图模块，用于对所述云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，得到所述操作指令对应的所述标准图像。
在一个实施例中，所述第二获取模块53包括：截图单元，用于对所述云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，得到所述测试动作对应的所述测试图像。
在一个实施例中，所述确定模块54包括：第一计算单元，用于计算所述 标准图像和所述测试图像之间的第一图像相似度；第一确定单元，用于若所述第一图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值，则确定所述测试结果为测试通过。
在一个实施例中，每个所述测试动作对应多个测试图像；所述截图单元，用于在所述测试动作对应的预设测试时长内，按照预设时间间隔对所述显示界面进行截图，得到所述测试动作对应的所述多个测试图像。
在一个实施例中，所述确定模块54包括：第二计算单元，用于计算所述测试动作对应的每个所述测试图像和所述标准图像之间的第二图像相似度；第二确定单元，用于若存在至少一个所述第二图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值的测试图像，则确定所述测试结果为测试通过。
在一个实施例中，所述第一获取模块51包括：监测单元，用于监测所述云系统是否满足预设测试条件；所述预设测试条件包括以下至少一项：符合预设测试时间、所述云桌面中的应用程序被更新；获取单元，用于若是，则从所述云终端的预设存储空间获取所述测试脚本。
采用本申请实施例的装置，云终端通过获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及测试脚本对应的标准图像，其中，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果，进而将测试脚本重定向至云系统中的云桌面，以触发云桌面根据测试脚本执行相应的测试动作，然后，通过获取测试动作对应的测试图像，根据标准图像和测试图像，确定云系统对应的测试结果，测试图像用于表征测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果。可见，该装置无需在云桌面中配置代理，即无需对云系统做任何改动，仅通过云终端和云桌面的交互即可实现云系统的自动化测试，因此使得云系统的测试更加高效、且具备通用性，同时解决了云桌面和云终端的本地网络之间相互隔离的问题。并且无需用户手动编写测试脚本，从而节省大量的人力和时间成本。此外，该装置通过比对标准图像和测试图像来确定测试结果，基于图像识别技术的高准确性特征，使得云系统测试结果更加准确。
本领域的技术人员应可理解，图5中的云系统的测试装置能够用来实现前 文所述的云系统的测试方法，其中的细节描述应与前文方法部分描述类似，为避免繁琐，此处不另赘述。
基于同样的思路，本申请实施例还提供一种电子设备，如图6所示。电子设备可因配置或性能不同而产生比较大的差异，可以包括一个或一个以上的处理器601和存储器602，存储器602中可以存储有一个或一个以上存储应用程序或数据。其中，存储器602可以是短暂存储或持久存储。存储在存储器602的应用程序可以包括一个或一个以上模块(图示未示出)，每个模块可以包括对电子设备中的一系列计算机可执行指令。更进一步地，处理器601可以设置为与存储器602通信，在电子设备上执行存储器602中的一系列计算机可执行指令。电子设备还可以包括一个或一个以上电源603，一个或一个以上有线或无线网络接口604，一个或一个以上输入输出接口605，一个或一个以上键盘606。
具体在本实施例中，电子设备包括有存储器，以及一个或一个以上的程序，其中一个或者一个以上程序存储于存储器中，且一个或者一个以上程序可以包括一个或一个以上模块，且每个模块可以包括对电子设备中的一系列计算机可执行指令，且经配置以由一个或者一个以上处理器执行该一个或者一个以上程序包含用于进行以下计算机可执行指令：获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述测试脚本对应的标准操作结果；将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。
采用本申请实施例的技术方案，云终端通过获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及测试脚本对应的标准图像，其中，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果，进而将测试脚本重定向至云系统中的云桌面，以触发云桌面根据测试脚本执行相应的测试动作，然后，通过获取测试动作对应的测试图 像，根据标准图像和测试图像，确定云系统对应的测试结果，测试图像用于表征测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果。可见，该技术方案无需在云桌面中配置代理，即无需对云系统做任何改动，仅通过云终端和云桌面的交互即可实现云系统的自动化测试，因此使得云系统的测试更加高效、且具备通用性，同时解决了云桌面和云终端的本地网络之间相互隔离的问题。并且无需用户手动编写测试脚本，从而节省大量的人力和时间成本。此外，该技术方案通过比对标准图像和测试图像来确定测试结果，基于图像识别技术的高准确性特征，使得云系统测试结果更加准确。
本申请实施例还提出了一种存储介质，该存储介质存储一个或多个计算机程序，该一个或多个计算机程序包括指令，该指令当被包括多个应用程序的电子设备执行时，能够使该电子设备执行上述云系统的测试方法实施例的各个过程，并具体用于执行：获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述操作指令对应的标准操作结果；将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。
采用本申请实施例的技术方案，云终端通过获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及测试脚本对应的标准图像，其中，标准图像用于表征测试脚本对应的标准操作结果，进而将测试脚本重定向至云系统中的云桌面，以触发云桌面根据测试脚本执行相应的测试动作，然后，通过获取测试动作对应的测试图像，根据标准图像和测试图像，确定云系统对应的测试结果，测试图像用于表征测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果。可见，该技术方案无需在云桌面中配置代理，即无需对云系统做任何改动，仅通过云终端和云桌面的交互即可实现云系统的自动化测试，因此使得云系统的测试更加高效、且具备通用性，同时解决了云桌面和云终端的本地网络之间相互隔离的问题。并且无需用户手动编写 测试脚本，从而节省大量的人力和时间成本。此外，该技术方案通过比对标准图像和测试图像来确定测试结果，基于图像识别技术的高准确性特征，使得云系统测试结果更加准确。
上述实施例阐明的系统、装置、模块或单元，具体可以由计算机芯片或实体实现，或者由具有某种功能的产品来实现。一种典型的实现设备为计算机。具体的，计算机例如可以为个人计算机、膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话、相机电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、媒体播放器、导航设备、电子邮件设备、游戏控制台、平板计算机、可穿戴设备或者这些设备中的任何设备的组合。
为了描述的方便，描述以上装置时以功能分为各种单元分别描述。当然，在实施本申请时可以把各单元的功能在同一个或多个软件和/或硬件中实现。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
在一个典型的配置中，计算设备包括一个或多个处理器(CPU)、输入/输出接口、网络接口和内存。
内存可能包括计算机可读介质中的非永久性存储器，随机存取存储器(RAM)和/或非易失性内存等形式，如只读存储器(ROM)或闪存(flash RAM)。内存是计算机可读介质的示例。
计算机可读介质包括永久性和非永久性、可移动和非可移动媒体可以由任何方法或技术来实现信息存储。信息可以是计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序的模块或其他数据。计算机的存储介质的例子包括，但不限于相变内存(PRAM)、静态随机存取存储器(SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、其他类型的随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、快闪记忆体或其他内存技术、只读光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)、数字多功能光盘(DVD)或其他光学存储、磁盒式磁带，磁带磁磁盘存储或其他磁性存储设备或任何其他非传输介质，可用于存储可以被计算设备访问的信息。按照本文中的界定，计算机可读介质不包括暂存电脑可读媒体(transitory media)，如调制的数据信号和载波。
还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、商品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本申请可以在由计算机执行的计算机可执行指令的一般上下文中描述，例 如程序模块。一般地，程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、对象、组件、数据结构等等。也可以在分布式计算环境中实践本申请，在这些分布式计算环境中，由通过通信网络而被连接的远程处理设备来执行任务。在分布式计算环境中，程序模块可以位于包括存储设备在内的本地和远程计算机存储介质中。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其，对于系统实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
以上所述仅为本申请的实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请。对于本领域技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种云系统的测试方法，应用于所述云系统中的云终端，所述方法包括：
    获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，以及所述测试脚本对应的标准图像；所述标准图像用于表征所述测试脚本对应的标准操作结果；
    将所述测试脚本重定向至所述云系统中的云桌面，以触发所述云桌面根据所述测试脚本执行相应的测试动作；
    获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像；所述测试图像用于表征所述测试动作对应的测试动作执行结果；
    根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本之前，所述方法还包括：
    捕获外部设备向所述云终端输入的操作指令；所述操作指令包括操作类型；
    根据所述操作指令，生成符合预设脚本格式的所述测试脚本；所述预设脚本格式为能够被所述云终端识别的脚本；所述测试脚本与所述操作类型相对应。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收外部设备向所述云终端输入的操作指令，将所述操作指令重定向至所述云桌面，以触发所述云桌面执行所述操作指令对应的操作事件，得到所述操作指令对应的所述标准操作结果，并将所述标准操作结果显示于所述云桌面的显示界面上；
    对所述云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，得到所述操作指令对应的所述标准图像。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果，包括：
    计算所述标准图像和所述测试图像之间的第一图像相似度；
    若所述第一图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值，则确定所述测试结果为测试通过。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述获取所述测试动作对应的测试图像，包括：
    对所述云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，得到所述测试动作对应的所述测试图像。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，每个所述测试动作对应多个测试图像；
    所述对所述云桌面的显示界面执行截图操作，得到所述测试动作对应的所述测试图像，包括：
    在所述测试动作对应的预设测试时长内，按照预设时间间隔对所述显示界面进行截图，得到所述测试动作对应的所述多个测试图像。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述根据所述标准图像和所述测试图像，确定所述云系统对应的测试结果，包括：
    计算所述测试动作对应的每个所述测试图像和所述标准图像之间的第二图像相似度；
    若存在至少一个所述第二图像相似度大于或等于预设相似度阈值的测试图像，则确定所述测试结果为测试通过。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述获取待测试的云系统对应的测试脚本，包括：
    监测所述云系统是否满足预设测试条件；所述预设测试条件包括以下至少一项：符合预设测试时间、所述云桌面中的应用程序被更新；
    若是，则从所述云终端的预设存储空间获取所述测试脚本。
  9. 一种电子设备，包括处理器和与所述处理器电连接的存储器，所述存储器存储有计算机程序，所述处理器用于从所述存储器调用并执行所述计算机程序以实现如权利要求1-8任一项所述的云系统的测试方法。
  10. 一种存储介质，所述存储介质用于存储计算机程序，所述计算机程序能够被处理器执行以实现如权利要求1-8任一项所述的云系统的测试方法。
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